Schweizer Swiss Norm

Standard Standard
svizzera

Construction 561 198

Eingetragene NORM schweizerischen NORMEN DER STANDARD-VEREINIGUNG SNV RECORDED THE SWISS ASSOCIATION STANDARDS

Replaces the standard SLA 198 (1975) and the

recommendation SIA 198/1 (1985) and the <normative
lntroduction CAN> V SIA 198/7 (1989)

underground work

Project Execution Meters

Special provisions and
accounts

3/1993 Editor:
Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects PO Box, 8039 Zurich Phone 01/283 15 15, 01/201 63
35 Fax Sale standards and Printed Phone 01/283 15 60

Copyright © 1993 by SIA Zurich

Preamble

The standard SIA 198, Underground work, has in recent years increasingly important for the development of bids and contracts of the
great underground work.

This is why the 1975 edition was completed in 1985 by Ia recommendation SIA 198/1, Construction of tunnels and rock galleries through
tunneling.

This standard revises and unifies the content of these standards in the light of technical developments to date. It deals with common
construction methods for advancing in rock or soft ground. Chapter 2, <Project>, defines it to clearly communicate its contents to the
contractor.

The fact that the new catalog of standardized products, CAN Construction offers text articles and features sets of bills of quantities and
counts allows to give a detailed writing these articles and features in this standard. The standard catalog items will be in the future,
adapted to this standard.

ALS Committee 198

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Page

0 SCOPE 4 5 Meters and COUNTS 26

01 Delimitation 4 January 5 Provisions on all

02 Other requirements appliquables 4 Progress methods 26
May 11 Advancement 26
TECHNICAL PART May 12 Retainment 27
5 13 Additional Excavations,
1 TERMINOLOGY 5 off-profile 28
January 1 general terms 5 5 14 Exhaustion of water during
February 1 Terminology related to the advancement site 29
the roadheader 6 May 15 Problems due to the presence of water 29
March 1 Terminology related to the advancement May 16 Drilling and injections 31
TBM 7 May 17 Préétanchement, sealing and
drainage 32
2 PROJECT 10 May 18 Coating 32
February 1 main idea 10 May 2 Progress by blasting in rock 34
February 2 massif 10 May 21 General 34
March 2 Underground waters 11 May 22 Types excavation 34
May 23 excavation Classes 34
3 EXECUTION 12 May 3 rock advancing the thing
March 1 Materials and parts of books 12 to roadheader 38
March 11 anchors, bolts 12 May 31 General 38
March 12 Shotcrete 13 5 32 Types excavation 38
March 13 Retainment metallic shield 15 and May 33 excavation Classes 39
March 14 concrete and steel reinforcement 15 May 34 milling the ability Classes 40
March 15 Segmental 15 April 5 rock TBM 42
March 16 Injection grout 16 May 41 General 42
March 17 Sealing 16 May 42 Types excavation 42
March 2 Work execution 18 May 43 excavation Classes 42
March 21 Advancement 18 May 44 drilling ability Classes 43
March 22 Type excavation and typical profile 18 May 5 Progress in soft ground 46
March 23 Retainment 18 May 51 General 46
March 23 1 General 18 5 52 Types excavation 46
3 February 23 anchors 19 May 53 shielding the front Degree 47
3 March 23 Shotcrete 19 May 54 measures and confortation
3 April 23 Retainment metal 19 drainage 47
March 23 5 Segmental 19 May 6 Interior fittings 48
March 24 Depletion of water during 5 7 Control of materials 48
site 20
March 25 Measures and confortation 6 TASKS AND POWERS
drainage 20 LEADERSHIP 49
March 26 Sealing 20
March 27 Polls and control measures 21 ANNEX
March 28 injections 21 A1 Solid Description 50
March 29 Coating 22 A2 Deviations from dimensions
March 3 Deviations from dimensions 23 theoretical 51
theoretical A3 sealing control tests 53
March 31 General 23 A4 Annexes to the contractor's offer 54
March 32 Theoretical coordinates 23 AT 5 contractual risk allocation 57
March 33 Tolerances 23 A6 Theoretical duration of the works, critical period
for the count
ADMINISTRATIVE PART A7 Ultimately, time 59
Determination of price reduction
4 PARTICULAR DISPOSITIONS 24 for the concrete-out profile 61
January 4 Records of the tender 24
April 2 Annexes to the contractor's offer 24
April 3 Checking offers 24 Adoption and entry into force 64
April 4 Variants of the entrepreneur 24
April 5 contractual risk allocation 24 April 6
Change control and adaptation of
deadlines 25
3
0 SCOPE APPLICATlON

01 Delimitation

0 11 This standard supplements SIA 118 standard, Conditions for the execution of construction works, and is therefore a contract for
underground work.

0 12 It is valid for setting bid and execution of works built underground like tunnels, galleries, caves and wells and discusses the excavation
with explosives in full section excavation or partial section, and excavation in soft ground.

0 13 It applies by analogy for the rehabilitation, repair and reprofiling of underground structures.

0 14 It does not apply:

- haves to the wells from the surface for foundations, cell <pusher tube>, or water mark wells or sampling less than 20 m of depth

- tunnels and galleries created in the open

- at (push-tube) (hydraulic jacking, see SIA Standard 195), horizontal drilling and advancement by hype.

02 Other applicable provisions

0 21 state laws and regulations; in particular.

Federal Law of 20 March 1981 on accident insurance (LAA) and the Federal Council ordinances and CNA guidelines that result.

Federal Law of 7 October 1983 on environmental protection (Law on Environmental Protection, EPA).

0 22 Standards and Guidance SIA

This standard refers to the standards and recommendations listed below, the provisions of which apply in part or in the form of
referral. Standard
SIA 118 Conditions for the execution of construction work
Standard SIA 162 Concrete structures
Standard SIA 162/1 Articles of concrete, materials testing
Standard ALS 191 Tie anchor
SIA Recommendation 196 Breakdown of underground workings
SIA Recommendation 199 rocky massif study for underground work
Standard SIA 215 001 Methods of testing cement
Standard SIA 220 Articles of concrete, Benefits and quantity surveying mode
Standard ALS 280 The synthetic material seal (polymers), required performance and testing of materials

Standard ALS 281 bituminous waterproofing membranes or bitumen-polymer (LBP), required performance and
testing of materials

0 23 Catalog of standardized construction products (CAN)

This standard takes into account the existence of the ADC Construction which is recommended for use.

0 24 Priority order

When this standard is part of the contract, and in case of conflict with the SIA 118 standard, <specific provisions> of the standard SLA
198 precedence over the requirements of the SIA 118 standard, Conditions for the execution of works.

When the contract documents did not agree otherwise, the Annexes to the standard SLA 198 are considered part.

4
 TECHNICAL PART

1 TERMINOLOGY

January 1 general terms

Advancement Excavation at the face followed by the establishment of the

Vortrieb Retaining.

face shield Temporary shoring unstable working face.

Bruststützung

progress rate Progress (m or m 3) per unit time.

Vortriebsleistung

Cave underground structure whose cross-section is large relative

Kaverne to length.

Side numerical value of a dimension (characterizing the Gran-

Mass deur or the geometry of the structure) or a coordinate (which indicates the
position of the work space).

Cup-type normal profile Representation of the Model section with relatively directions
Normalprofil ves to support, for sealing, coating, the clearance gauge, drainage as well as
interiors.

Distance closure Maximum distance between the working face and the ring com-
Ringschlusslänge Retaining plete.

Works duration Theoretical Construction period:

Bauzeit This is the duration of the work on which is based the contract for services. It is the
result of the defining quantities descriptive (at the time of finalization of the
contract), the rates indicated by the contractor in the contract documents and work
stoppages planned. How Long Will:

actual duration of the work as it appears on completion of the work.

critical time for the final count: This is the duration of work allowed for the
reimbursement. It results from the final bill of quantities of the defining quantities,
rates indicated by the contractor in the contract documents, and other
interruptions of work to be considered under the terms of the contract.

Duration of work of a team (duration of

a job)
Schichtdauer

Project Elements The usual designations are indicated underground

Bauteile cated in Figures 1 and 2.

Sealing, sealing Measures to ensure the diversion of water to avoid

Abdichtung water loss from the book and protect the elements of the structure damage
due to water.

Type excavation Subdivision of the work steps in excavation section

Ausbruchart (Cf. Figure 3).

Gallery In this standard the galleries are designated by the

Stollen end of tunnel.

5
 Installation Progress Machinery and facilities necessary to perform the advancement
Vortriebseinrichtung ment planned.

Working day (JT) This term encompasses the working hours of a day,
Arbeitstag (AT) In view of the number of teams (positions) and working time of each team.

Roadheader machine Gear mechanical slaughter massif equipped with a milling cutter
Teilschnittmaschine (TSM) who excavated a portion of the face at a time (see paragraph 1, 2).

Solid rock The massif is all rock materials and terrain

Gebirge, Fels furniture in which is formed the structure; it also includes discontinuities and
voids.
rock by describes a solid consisting of rock material.

method of construction, All of the technical and organizational

method of execution implemented to achieve an erection.
Bauverfahren (Baumethode)

Profiles deviation Representations of the excavation profile, Retaining and

Profiltypen the coating (cf. Figures 1 and 2).

Well, inclined shaft underground building with a slope greater than 20%.
Schacht Schrägschacht

Coating Device intended to supplement the support and to

Verkleidung to work the required form and other requested features.

support Means for ensuring the stability of solid around

Ausbruchsicherung excavation and to limit deformation.

Closing time Time required for the execution of the complete ring of Sou
Ringschlusszeit tenement.

Tunnel underground structure whose length is large compared

Tunnel in section and whose slope does not exceed 20%.

TBM tunneling full section Gear of the mechanical mass slaughter, equipped with a head
Tunnelbohrmaschine, drilling which attack the entire working face when
Vollschnittmaschine (TBM) each rotation (see paragraph 1 3).

February 1 Terminology related to the advancement in the roadheader machines

Ability milling Possibility of achieving a rock slaughter by means of a

Schrämbarkeit roadheader.

net milling rate land issue shot by effective working time unit
Schrämleistung netto strawberry (expressed in m 3).

Cut / Milling The term "cut> refers to the section, the term" milling>
Schneiden / Schrämen refers to the slaughtering process.

longitudinal strawberry, strawberry transverse cutting head whose axis is oriented longitudinally or
Längsschrämkopf, Querschrämkopf transversely relative to the arm of the machine.

Gauge-cutting Zone can be excavated by the cutter from a position

Schneidbereich fixed to the machine.

Overdepth excavation Depth of cutting the roadheader

Unterschnitt below the rolling surface.

6
March 1 Terminology related to the TBM

Ability drilling The ability of a tunnel to achieve progress in the ro-

Bohrbarkeit expensive given.

Diameter drill diameter D b:

durchmesser Diameter of the excavation obtained when devices are worn cutting tools (before
replacement). nominal diameter D not:

Diameter of the excavation achieved when cutting tools are new.

Running time During which time the drill head is rotated (time
Drehzeit drilling + idle rotation).

- Labor input TBM =

running time

working hours of a team to progress

- Instant forward speed = Length of progress

drilling time

locking force maximum force exerted by the anchor shoes (grippers).

Verspannkraft

Penetration Driving means into the rock for each rotation

Penetration the head.

anchor shoes, grippers locking devices for securing the tunnel during
Verspannplatten drilling.

thrust - The overall thrust is the force developed by the cylinders

Vorschubkraft progress.

- For technical reasons, the net thrust can not be estimated with difficulty.
This is the cumulative real effort tools on the working face.

- Driven by pushing tool =

Number of tools

drilling time Time during which the drill head makes the advancement
Bohrzeit is lying.

7
 Figure 1 horseshoe profile without / with arched slab

Figure 2

8
A Excavation B Digging
full section per half section
1) Cap
2) Stross
3) Deregister

C excavation D Excavating in
partial section divided section
1) top Gallery 1) Side Gallery
2) Slaughter in cap 2) Cap
3) Stross 3) A core (Stross)
4) Deregister 4) Deregister

Figure 3 Types excavation

9
2 PROJECT

February 1 main idea

November 2 Local conditions are basic project data. These conditions shall be specified by the project owner. In underground work, the behavior of the
land or massive prove decisive.

December 2 The stability of underground structures is intimately linked to the bearing capacity of the massif in which the work is performed. From a
technical and economic point of view, maintaining and - if necessary improving the massive resistance play an important role in
underground work. To the extent that we can count on the bearing capacity of the massif, additional reinforcements can be avoided.
This will depend firstly on the nature of the work and the project design and, secondly, construction processes, which must in particular
prevent dislocation or damaging deformations in the surrounding mountains.

February 13 Since the establishment of the project, the project owner will have a precise notion of appropriate building processes, and communicate
to the contractor. In the case of soft ground works in particular, the establishment of the project and design realization are inseparable.
When various methods seem appropriate progress and they lead to different projects, it may be wise to bid several variants.

February 14 The project description should allow the contractor to know not only the size but also the requirements for various éIéments of the book.

February 15 The project owner will define the criteria for the safety and serviceability of the structure (deformation, cracking, permeability,
appearance). It is the same assumptions concerning the requests of the interior elements, insofar as they operate during construction.

When the support is not a temporary function and he is involved in the design of the finished work (such as supporting element), it should
appear in the project presentation.

February 16 The workflow can significantly affect the serviceability of the structure or the state of neighboring buildings (eg as a result of
subsidence, uprisings or hydrological changes). This is particularly the case of underground structures in soft ground. In addition, all or
part of strengthening or drainage required to stage the work may form part of the finished work. In principle, the type and scope of
these provisions are defined in the project.

February 2 massif

February 21 The project owner provides the ground (solid). It determines his behavior and makes available to the contractor the full results of its
investigations in an appropriate form.

February 22 Knowledge of the geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions is particularly important for project design and selection of
appropriate construction methods. It is the project owner to carry out thorough investigations in a timely manner.

February 23 The nature and extent of the investigations concerning the mass behavior depend on the type of structure, its destination and its
implementation, as well as data already available. The program of these investigations be defined case by case basis based on a
reasonable estimate of needs.

The recommendation SIA 199 and Annex A1, solid description, give information about the characteristics and determine their
representation.

10
March 2 Underground waters

February 31 According to quantity, pressure, chemical composition, temperature, etc. , Groundwater can greatly influence the life and serviceability
of the structure and the execution work of it, especially work progress.

February 32 Provisions to ensure long-term protection against groundwater must be fixed in the plan of use depending on the purpose of the
structure. They are part of the establishment of the project.

Among these, which may be independent or combined means:

- a permanent drainage system and drainage
- the implementation of a seal
- decreased permeability
- the use of concrete <waterproof>
- the use of concrete resistant to aggressive water.

February 33 The project set out the arrangements to protect groundwater during and after construction.

February 34 When they affect the work, provisions to the water depletion during construction will be considered in establishing the project.

February 35 Even with extensive preliminary investigations it is often not possible to make an accurate prediction of water inflow. Generally, the
extent of necessary measures can therefore be stated that during construction or upon completion. If necessary, the procedure for
project adaptations.

February 36 For constructions that could affect groundwater, it is the project owner to obtain the authorization of competent authorities. The
contractor must be informed of any requirements concerning them.

11
3 EXÉCUTlON

March 1 Materials and structural elements

March 11 ANCHORAGE, BOLTS

March 11 1 Overview

March 11, 11 The remarks of this chapter relate to rock anchors. In the case of use
to loose ground anchors, the procedure is standard SIA 191.

3 11 12 rock anchors are intended to be assembled boulders, setting work of elements

Solid or postpone efforts in the massive, taking up tensile or shear forces.

March 11 13 This standard designates rock anchors passive or tensioned anchors, they have a
free length or they are sealed along their entire length.

March 11 14 Depending on the type of use, it is necessary to distinguish between:

- permanent anchors, the effectiveness must be retained throughout the life of the structure (in general, this is anchors sealed
over their entire length)
- temporary anchors, whose function is limited in time (until efforts be taken over by another bearing member).

When preparing the project, it will be specified if the anchors provided are permanent or temporary.

March 11, 15 for temporary anchors free length whose service load exceeds 200 kN and for
permanent anchors to free length, the procedure is standard SIA 191. For other anchors, the SIA

198 overrides the SIA 191 standard.

March 11 16 The fixing of the anchor in the bore can occur in several ways:

- by expansion of the anchor or parts thereof (e.g. expansive anchors. rubbing anchors)

- by sealing or any portion of the anchor by means of a binder (e.g. anchors injected mortar anchors, anchors the resin).

Anchorages sealed over their entire length can also be realized by a subsequent injection or passive free length prestressed anchors.

March 11 2 Quality

March 11 21 The quality of the resulting anchoring of materials and an installation complies with the rules of art. 11 March 22 The contracting

authority establishes requirements for anchoring and sealing materials.

3 March 11 Control

March 11, 31 At the request, it will verify that the characteristics of anchorage and sealing material corre-
lay the requirements.

March 11, 32 for temporary anchors free length whose working load does not exceed 200 kN, the
control the correct execution is limited to the simple test tensioning according to SIA191 standard. After a waiting time of 5 minutes, the
extension will not, however, exceed 2% of the free length; if applicable, the voltage drop should not exceed 2% of the test voltage.

March 11 33 In general, the correct implementation of anchorages sealed over their entire length is controlled
by pullout tests.

The test force is then determined by the average value of at least 5 control tests limits forces in a comparable solid. It will be
redetermined when changing the characteristics of the massif.

Consider an anchor is properly implemented when resist a tension of at least 90% of the test force or when the limit force of the anchor
body is at least equal to that of the tie and the head.

12
March 11, 34 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, execute the tests of 1% of ancra-
Temporary seats and 3% of permanent anchors used in a comparable mass. In all cases, the number of trials will be at least 5.

March 11 35 The type and quantity of optional additional control tests (e.g., coring,
adhesion test, measures ultrasonic) must be indicated in the documents of the tender.

March 12 SHOTCRETE

March 12 1 Overview

March 12, 11 concrete We denote projected concrete that implementation and compaction involved by pro-
Eject.

In this standard, the term also refers shotcrete gunite. These two materials are distinguished only by their size.

March 12, 12 According to the projection mode, using a dry base mix or wet.

March 12 13 In the dry spraying, the cement content refers to 1000 liters of aggregates (or weight
corresponding materials).

March 12, 14 in the projection by wet route, the cement content refers to a cubic meter of concrete confec-
tioned without rebound using the basic mixture in place and compacted into a formwork.

March 12, 15 The type and dosage of additives will be subject to approval of the project owner. March 12 16 There are four

concrete classes planned:

- Class A: Shotcrete without carrier part (e.g. protection of the massif filling fraction
tures, seal carrier)
- Class B: Shotcrete temporary bearer role
- Class C: Shotcrete permanent bearer role
- Class D: Shotcrete products with special characteristics (eg sealing,
resistance to chemicals).

For the first layer of support, only intervenes shotcrete class B.

March 12 2 Oualité

March 12 21 In the absence of other values ​specified in the tender, the compression cubic resistance must
satisfy the requirements of SIA standard 162 according to Table 1.

Table 1

The designation of the concrete according to the SLA 162 standard is based on two values ​of the compressive strength on cube:

- The first value (top value) corresponds to the average value of the compressive strength on cube or at the minimum required value
taking account of a standard deviation of 5 N / mm 2.

- The second value (lower value) is the minimum value of the compressive strength on cube decisive for the verification of structural
safety. This minimum value is approximately equal to 2% fractile according to a normal Gaussian distribution, that is to say that for
a large number of trials, 2% of results do not meet this minimum value.

March 12, 22 The use of shotcrete class C or D involves systematic preliminary tests and con-
cluants, proving that the shotcrete requirements are met on the book.

13
March 12 23 The shotcrete class C present a regular structure surface.

March 12, 24 documents of the tender will specify specific requirements for concrete work
Proposed class D as regards resistance, watertightness, resistance to frost, resistance to freezing and de-icing salts, chemical resistance,
adhesion, abrasion resistance , surface appearance, etc.

3 March 12 Control

March 12 31 Resistance to compression will be checked according to the SIA 162 by tests on
a sample of concrete cores. Sampling comprises at maximum 15 values ​iso- Lées f cwi. When the number of individual values ​is higher,
they are analyzed in successive sets of 15 values ​to the maximum.

March 12 32 The compressive strength is determined on cores of concrete whose diameter and length
are 50 mm. These pieces shall be taken in the book as prescribed by the standard SIA162 / 1.

March 12 33 Each individual value f cwi is the average of the test results performed on five cores taken
at the same place. These constitute a test tube.

March 12 34 The dispersion of the resistance values ​measured on shotcrete is generally higher
that corresponding to the designation of concrete classes projected figure of 12 March 21. This is why we consider that the minimum
resistance value is achieved when the following conditions are met:

f cwm ( n) - 10 N / mm2 ≥ = 0.85f cw, min

and either:

Max f cwi - min f cwi ≤ Δ f cw ( not)

is:
min f cwi ≥ 0.85 f cw, min

f cw, min: minimum value of the compressive strength on cube

f cwm ( not) : average compressive strength over n samples (individual values)
Max f cwi: maximum value of the test results for the considered sampling
min f cwi: minimum value of the test results for the considered sampling
Δ f cw ( not) : allowable difference according to Table 2

Table 2

March 12 35 The determining confection date is the date of the last layer of shotcrete subject to
test.

March 12, 36 When the layer thickness or other circumstances do not allow to carry out pre-
lèvements direct by coring, test surfaces must be crafted in similar circumstances in the book.

March 12, 37 For the verification of resistance to compression, as follows fix the minimum number of éprou-
vettes:

Table 3

March 12 38 The granulates control is performed according to the SIA 162/1 standard, the cement according to SIA
215,001.

14
March 13 RETAINING AND METAL ARMOR

March 13 1 The contracting authority shall specify in the documents of the tender:

- the type of metal support (profiles, crosslinked hangers), the quality of the steel, the geometry, the characteristics of the profiled
retaining hangers and the type of assemblies
- the voids fill mode between the shield and the ground.

March 13 2 By shielding or packing means all plate elements of the support, such as boards or metal plates, the plates and recessed profile, the
protective lattice, the formwork lattice.

The marchavants, advanced in cantilever before the last bend, are a special case of the shield.

March 14 CONCRETE AND STEEL FRAME

March 14 1 The standard SLA 162 applies to all the concrete structures within the coating eg the rolling slabs, ceilings, cladding panels, facilities
caves.

March 14 2 Provided that the standard does not provide otherwise, the SIA standard 162 applies as follows to retaining jobs and coating: are
applicable in full:

- Chapter 1 Terminology
- Chapter 5 Materials shall apply mutatis

mutandis:
- Chapter 2 Principles of project development and implementation
- Chapter 3 Calculation, design and verification
- Chapter 4 Practical arrangements and construction details
- Chapter 6 Execution Not

applicable:
- Chapter 7 Tasks of different stakeholders

3 March 14 SIA 162/1 standard applies in full to the underground.

March 15 Segmental

March 15 1 Overview

March 15 11 The segments are precast concrete, steel or cast iron. They can ensure
and retaining function of coating or be used as retaining elements in combination with another coating mode.

March 15 12 The segments can form closed rings, or be implemented as protective elements
of the floor, of the channels of support, flow channels, etc. (Voussoir to strike).

15 March 13 The contracting authority will define the project dimensions as well as the type and characteristics
geometric joints. In the case of concrete segments, it will also define the framework and the quality of concrete. It will consider why the
accepted demands for the manufacture and handling.

March 15, 14 The contractor shall specify in his bid the forces transmitted by the advancing equipment to the ring segments and the specific
demands in manufacturing, transportation and implementation. These data enable the project owner to control his assumptions and
make the necessary adjustments.

March 15 2 Quality

March 15 21 The process of manufacture and mounting segments must be approved by the project owner.

Mass production can not begin without the prior checking of samples, qualifications.

15 March 22 The surface pressure side and the surface of the joints of the segments must be clean and smooth. 15 March 23 The segments of

manufacturing tolerances must be defined in the documents of the call

bids for each object (see also Annex A2).

15
March 15 24 In the case of the method of the double covering ring is tolerated chipping angles and
edges as long as they do not affect the strength and durability of the work item.

March 15 25 In the case of the one-ring method, the requirements for the appearance, strength and
serviceability must be defined in the documents of the tender.

March 15 26 The storage time of concrete segments must achieve before the establishment resis-
tance to compression required on cubes. In the absence of specific details, it will be assumed the characteristics of concrete B
40/30.

3 March 15 Control

March 15 31 For concrete segments, materials of controls are performed in the SIA 162/1 standard. For
the segments of cast iron and steel materials of the tender set out the guidelines that are applicable.

15 March 32 The contracting authority may at any time withdraw the segments to submit to testing or
conduct material inspection tests.

15 March 33 The contracting authority may, without resulting for him to increase the cost, to stop the pro-
tion until it has remedied the shortcomings.

March 16 GROUT INJECTION

March 16 1 Overview

By injection grout is meant liquid materials (suspension, solution, emulsion, resin, etc.) which, as a rule, are taken after injection.

March 16 2 Oualité

March 16 21 Determination of the composition and quality of the slurry depends on the purpose of the injection (sealings,
consolidation of the massive empty or fill) and local conditions.

March 16 22 In general, there are provided injection tests to determine the composition and consistency
adequate grout and the optimum injection method. The project owner defines the type and extent of the testing agreement with the
contractor.

16 March 23 The environmental impact and the fire behavior of grout used must
be subject to test certificates, both in terms of raw materials (components) as the injected mixture.

March 16, 24 will be provided with the necessary information about the behavior of the grout (that is to say the material
remaining in the solid) and its volume changes, strength and chemical composition.

3 March 16 Control

We control the quality of supplies and the characteristics of the grout in the liquid state or in pumping and, if necessary, after taking.
The project owner will define the control methods in accordance with the contractor before the actual injection-called jobs.

March 17 sealing

March 17 1 Overview

March 17, 11 When the sealing of the book, there are:

- the sealing part ( Teilabdichtung) which only applies to a part of the upper surface; groundwater is then deflected by means of a
drainage layer or point catchments to a drain manifold.

- complete sealing ( Vollabdichtung) With respect to any section and thus requires a design of the structure depending on the
expected hydrostatic pressure.

16
March 17, 12 The following materials may be used for sealings:

- of the sealing strip which is made of synthetic material, with or without marking layer
- bituminous membranes and strip which bitumen-polymer
- products applied in the liquid state (e.g. bitumen, PE, PU)
- elastic sealing profiles.

March 17, 13 Sealing material can be attached to an ad hoc basis support, strips, or
the entire surface (bonding, troweling).

March 17 2 Quality

17 March 21 The quality requirements relating to the materials and the correct implementation of the tightness.

March 17 22 Both for the products applied in the liquid state, for the sealing profiles or other
sealing materials, documents of the tender will specify quality requirements and test criteria.

3 March 17 Control

17 March 31 At the request of the Owner, material characteristics, their impact on the environment
ment and their fire behavior must be supported by test certificates. Where appropriate, it will be the same for drainage and
protective layers.

March 17 32 The SIA 280 is valid for the plastic seal; reference is made to the
standard SIA 281 for bitumen sealing or bitumen-polymer.

17
March 2 Work execution
March 21 ADVANCEMENT

March 21 1 For a given progress method, specify:

- the excavation mode
- the standard profiles

- the retaining.

As needed, we will also specify other provisions affecting the progress, such as the work of confortation, drainage, recognition and control
measures. These details are provided by the contracting authority as part of the project development. When changes are necessary when
running, they are defined by the contracting authority in agreement with the contractor.

March 21 2 The water catchment should be done as close to the working face. When advancing in a solid with a tendency to swell or alteration in the
presence of water catchments will be made so as to minimize the contact between water and rock.

3 March 21 When site traffic can degrade excessively the bottom of the excavation, will be provided as soon as the development of adequate
provisions project. Otherwise, these provisions will be defined by the contracting authority in agreement with the contractor.

3 April 21 When the support is achieved by a closed ring, the tender documents will define depending on soil conditions, distance, or the closing
time. During an attack in partial sections or divided, the distance or the closing time must be specified for each excavation step.

3 May 21 The geometric control of the excavation and its compliance with the plans and the execution of any reprofiling will be undertaken as
much as possible before the implementation of the support, but at the latest before the completion of the coating.

March 22 TYPE EXCAVATION AND PROFILE-TYPE

March 22 1 When geological conditions require, the contracting authority shall, after agreement with the contractor, a change of excavation kind. For
this, we will consider the technical aspects and their impact on deadlines. frequent changes should be avoided.

March 22 2 Based on the assessment of the conditions of the massif and agreement with the contractor the project owner defines as and
measures the standard profile to be applied.

March 23 SUPPORT

March 23 1 Overview

23 March 11 The support includes all measures to be taken during or after and advancement
one to preserve the integrity of the massif, to prevent landslides and inadmissible deformations. The support also serves to prevent
accidents and damage.

23 March 12 The project owner defines, in agreement with the contractor, the support that must be implemented.
The area and time of implementation are defined based on the predictable behavior of the massive, given the results of calculations,
experience or outcome measures.

March 23 13 The support (especially rock anchors, reinforcing mesh, shotcrete) will
introduced after profile setting.

March 23 14 If unforeseen measures are urgently needed, the contractor is required to act on its own initiative
and implement the necessary retaining walls. The contracting authority must be informed.

March 23, 15 When the cavity is subjected - due to massive outbreaks of - deformations greater than the tolerances,
despite a run of correct and timely support, the contracting authority decided, in agreement with the contractor, additional measures to be
taken.

18
March 23 16 The prime contractor and the contractor periodically define mutual agreement quantities
predictable materials necessary to support. The Contractor shall keep them available on the site on time. Reusing stocks may be
outstanding at the end of construction will be a special agreement.

March 23 2 anchors

23 March 21 The anchors are set up systematically or occasionally. Generally,

they will be perpendicular to the excavated surface.

3 23 22 diameter of the drill will be determined by the type and dimensions of the anchors. March 23 23 In the case of anchors sealed, the complete filling

of the annular space must be ensured in the region

sealing. For seals with resin cartridges, will ensure more of the right mix of components.

March 23 24 In the selection of the sealing material (especially in the case of anchors sealed with resin)
we will consider the rock temperature.

3 March 23 shotcrete

March 23, 31 Shotcrete must adhere to the entire application surface. 23 March 32 The area of

​application of shotcrete will be cleaned.

When the application surface is dry, it will be treated to absorb the least possible water shotcrete costs.

23 March 33 Groundwater will be captured and collected as far as they frustrate the implementation
correct application of shotcrete.

March 23 34 The composition of the basic mixture Ies determined by preliminary tests may only be changed
agreement with the project owner.

March 23 35 The composition of the basic mixture should be checked regularly.

March 23 36 The reinforcing mesh will be selected, set up and fixed so that a correct handling
lance provides them with the fullest possible coating.

3 April 23 metal support

March 23, 41 retaining hangers will be set up to allow a good shoring massif
while ensuring the concrete cover provided on the drawings. This will ensure the correct performance of fittings and baseplates.

March 23, 42 to avoid distortions and displacements, the metallic support will be fixed and étresillonné
by a sufficient number of spacers immediately after its implementation. Retaining hangers will rest against the massif enough support.

March 23 43 If, as a result of outbreaks of the solid, and despite a proper placement, isolated hangers or
Whole sections of retaining undergo deformations, the contracting authority shall order - when necessary - rehabilitation of the retaining.

3 May 23 Segmental

March 23 51 The annular gap remaining between the segments and the solid will be filled quickly and completely
in order to achieve a perfect containment of the ring segments.

23 March 52 The fill type depends on the static requirements and possibilities of implementation. In generalized rule
rale, filling in raft will be made with mortar.

19
March 24 DEPLETION OF WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION

March 24 1 The project owner defines, in agreement with the contractor and based on the rates, the provisions necessary for proper execution of
works to ensure the collection, diversion and disposal of water inflows.

March 24 2 In an emergency, the contractor is required to intervene on its own initiative and to implement adequate measures of water depletion. The
project owner must immediately be informed.

3 March 24 As préétanchement, we will capture seepage and water inflows to their spawn point and evacuate them to the collector system through
pipes, half shells, etc. Where possible, it is also possible to quench the moisture spots or small infiltration by means of a suitable
fast-setting mortar.

3 April 24 Generally, the profile setting to intervene beforehand préétanchement. When the mass has a tendency to swell or alteration, the
préétanchement be undertaken immediately.

3 May 24 Generally, it is necessary to perform a préétanchement prior to shotcrete application, the implementation of concrete, or the creation of a
waterproofing membrane.

3 June 24 When the permanent drainage collectors are used for the depletion of water, the contractor will conduct systematic monitoring and
maintaining them in working order until the reception of the book.

March 25 Confortation MEASURES AND DRAINAGE

March 25 1 Under certain geological conditions, the implementation of confortation or drainage measures can facilitate progress or even be
essential to it.

March 25 2 The following measures of confortation or drainage can be considered in isolation or combination:
- injections
- jet-grouting
- the umbrella canopy
- freezing
- the dewatering
- advancing under compressed air
- other methods.

3 March 25 When the contracting authority did not specify these provisions in the establishment of the project, it defines the necessary measures and
quality criteria in agreement with the contractor.

March 26 sealing

March 26 1 Overview

March 26 11 The project owner determines the type and extent of sealing arrangements according to the
hydrogeological conditions and destination of the book.

March 26, 12 Seals should be implemented in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

March 26 2 waterproofing membranes

March 26 21 Various devices are possible with the sealing membrane:

- waterproofing membranes with or without compartmentation
- double waterproofing membranes with subdivision (<pockets>, <cushions>).

March 26 22 The quality of the background (excavation area underside of the support) of the supporting and sealing doi-
wind be compatible. To this end, the documents of the tender will specify the following characteristics in substance:

- allowable roughness
- irregularities, curves and spikes eligible
- permissible moisture.

20
26 March 23 The hollow portions appearing in the background will be filled so that the elongation
Bidirectional the membrane remains permissible.

3 26 24 sealing membranes will be fixed so as to allow their adaptation to the background without ten-
excessive sions during concreting of the coating. In the case of a localized fastening, so it is necessary to provide a certain clearance
in the surface of the membrane.

March 26, 25 The absence of injury should be visually inspected over the entire surface of the seal. 26 March 26 Welds between sealing strips are

controlled by appropriate methods (see Annex A3).

3 March 26 sealing strips, ribbons Jointing

March 26 31 The sealing profiles and strips for joints can be used:
- as compartmentalization, in combination with waterproofing by Foils
- as sealing of joints in concrete pavement (waterproof) or segmental concrete.

March 26, 32 materials, geometry and size of the sealing profiles and strips for joints se-
RONT specified in the documents of the call for case deals cases. It's the same conditions of execution.

March 27 POLLS AND CONTROL MEASURES

March 27 1 For more information on the geological conditions, the contracting authority may, in agreement with the contractor to execute surveys or
systematic or occasional surveys in the area of ​promotion, such as:

- galleries or well recognition

- drilling
- préIèvements samples
- measures in situ
- other investigations.

March 27 2 To control the deformation of the cavity, the contracting authority may order measures, even in the area of ​promotion.

March 28 INJECTIONS

March 28 1 Overview

March 28, 11 are distinguished filler injections (jam) consolidation and sealing. March 28, 12 filling injections (jam) intended to fill the voids remaining

between the sup-

ment and the solid and between the coating and the support, if any between the coating and sealing. By filler injections (jam), also referred
to the filling of the annular void and fill cavities between the segments and the solid in the case of a feed with shield.

March 28, 13 injections consolidation or waterproofing are to fill the pores, cracks and voids of
solid by means of a suitable material injected under pressure into a defined area around the structure.

March 28 2 filler injections (jam)

28 March 21 The contracting authority shall specify the number of injection holes in agreement with the contractor and
according to the objectives of the excavated section and support.

28 March 22 On a proposal from the contractor, the contracting authority will specify the injection lines to put
in place underside of the sealing filler injections. The injection device should be designed so as to allow easy control of the result of
the injections.

28 March 23 The project owner defines, in agreement with the contractor, the composition of the grout, the pressure
injection and the injection process.

21
3 March 28 Injections of consolidation and sealing

March 28, 31 include injections of consolidation and sealing, there are:

- intervening consolidation injections during the advance or after it in order to improve the holding of the decompressed
material close to the book
- intervening injections prior to excavation and to improve the keeping and ensure the sealing of another area of ​the solid.

28 March 32 The project owner defines, in agreement with the contractor, position and length of drilling
injection, pressure, injection rate and the nature of the grout.

3 April 28 Arrangements during execution

28 March 41 during the injection work, the contractor will ensure constant monitoring of the massif, the sup-
ment and the coating. The arrangements for monitoring the land surface and surrounding structures will be pre-defined in the early
work.

March 28 42 During the injection work the contractor will prevent, if any will master the resurgences
slurry in the accompanying working, clogging the definitive lines of the structure, taking the grout on concrete surfaces as well as
dirt.

March 28 43 After completion of the injections, the project owner may request control injections
between the injected holes. If they do not meet the requirements, the injections are completed.

March 28 44 The contractor establish a daily summary of the results of injections and transmit celle-
it to the Owner. The protocols mention:

- the position of the injection hole

- the depth of the hole, where applicable the depth of the injection section
- the composition of the grout
- the injection pressure
- the flow rate of injection of grout
- communications with other holes
- specific incidents.

March 29 COATING

March 29 1 The support surfaces should be cleaned immediately before the execution of the coating.

March 29 2 The water inflow will be captured and removed if they jeopardize the proper performance of the coating.

3 March 29 The forms will be dimensioned and set so as to ensure compliance with the tolerances defined in the documents of the tender.

3 April 29 The forms will be equipped with the necessary openings in the control and implementation of concrete. The number and arrangement of
these openings will be adapted to the mode of implementation of the concrete, the dimensions of the section and the thickness of the
coating. Secure access will be developed to control openings.

3 May 29 The documents of the tender will specify the type of formwork according to SIA 220.

3 June 29 Speeds the stripping of the coating will be set so that the average value of the resistance to the compression on cube of not less than 10 N
/ mm 2 during stripping. Exceptions to this rule can be fixed in the documents of the tender taking into account the dimensions of the section
of the concrete quality, the purpose of the coating, as well as proper execution of work.

22
March 3 Deviations from the theoretical dimensions

March 31 GENERAL

March 31 1 In an underground structure, spreads can result:

- massif deformations
- implantation of errors
- inaccuracies of manufacture.

The gap is the difference between the actual rating and the corresponding theoretical coordinate. March 31 2 The

distinguishes the following types of discrepancies:

- the differences on the dimensions or the geometry of the profile or some book elements
- spreads on the position of the axis or of certain structural elements.

March 31 3 upper surface can be deformed due to the stress redistribution. These deformations depend
on the one hand solid characteristics and the other construction method. March 31 4 variations on the position of the axis result of random

errors unavoidable measure. They intervene

both in terms of the basic network and in terms of the measurement of fixed points in the book. March 31 5 manufacturing inaccuracies

encompass all intervening gaps when running (eg

the implantation inaccuracies, deviations of the axis of advancement, spreads on the excavated profile, inaccuracies in the placement of
the support, inaccuracies in the position or geometry of coating).

March 31 6 You can account for differences in the size and the location of the profile:
- by an enlargement of the cup-type when the project development
- by adapting the profile to actual differences in the performance of work
- possibly by the combination of the two.

March 31 7 In the presentation of the project, the project owner will specify what solution is applied. In the case
the TBM or shield, only an enlargement of the cup-type can be considered.

March 32 RATINGS THEORY

March 32 1 The precise project owner that he took into account when establishing the project in relation to:
- deformations of the massif for construction methods described in the tender
- measurement error
- inaccuracies of manufacture (space for absorbing manufacturing inaccuracies).

March 32 2 The project owner defines the typical cross-section taking into account the purpose of the structure and
economic criteria based on the differences set out in paragraph 1 March 32.
To this end, it will consider that all differences only reach their maximum values ​rarely in the same place and the theoretical thickness of the

coating can be locally reduced. 3 32 3 The contractor confirms its offer that it can meet manufacturing tolerances. In the case

Rather, it will issue further proposals.

March 32 4 When the project requires, the contracting authority will also define the values ​of the relative tolerances
variances along a generator (e.g., angle and so breaks), size and type of gaps (seals Shuttering joints between segments), or position
and shape of elements of 'interior design.

March 33 TOLERANCE

3 33 1 Annex A2 gives indicative values ​for the tolerances relating to the support and the coating.

When the documents of the tender do not agree otherwise, these values ​are considered contractual.

March 33 2 If we find in other standards dealing requirements of tolerances for the

interior fittings.

23
 ADMINISTRATIVE PART

4 PARTICULAR DISPOSITIONS

January 4 Records of the tender

In addition to the SIA 118 standard, the documents provided by Ie project owner also include:
- a description of the massif suitable for the work (geological and geotechnical, hydrogeology, see Annex A1)
- the data required for consideration of the applicable regulations for environmental protection

- the findings of the environmental impact study which are relevant to the execution
- the quality assurance databases relating to the areas assigned to the contractor
- polls, surveys and other measures when running
- the requirements for the execution of works in the presence of traffic.

April 2 Annexes to the contractor's offer

Contractor's offer includes all schedules requested by Ies documents of the tender. Typically, these include the documents listed in Annex
A4.

April 3 Checking offers

In addition to the SIA 118 standard, the contracting authority may require the contractor additional information such as:

- Technical characteristics of the progress Installation

- evidence of the suitability of materials
- the quality of the contractor Insurance Components
- basis of calculation of price changes
- references
- distribution of tasks within the consortium respective companies and units of each.

April 4 Variants of the entrepreneur

April 41 The contracting authority may set the boundary conditions for the establishment of the contractor variants such as:

- dimensions and geometrical characteristics in respect

- requirements relating to the static behavior and support
- quality of construction materials and work items
- exclusion of certain construction methods
- Data on the performance resulting from the environmental impact study.

April 42 The alternatives proposed by the contractor must guarantee an equivalent work on the use, safety and serviceability.

April 43 The main idea of ​a variant of the entrepreneur, whether it is a variant at the project level or a variant, remains property of the author
as a works contract n is not concluded with him for execution.

April 44 When the project owner accepts the contractor alternative offer, the project owner and the contractor agree on adaptations of contract
elements.

April 5 contractual risk allocation

In addition to the SIA 118 standard, reference to Appendix A5 in the allocation of risks in the contract for services.

24
April 6 control changes and adaptation of deadlines

April 61 In addition to the SIA 118 standard, it is specified that the basic program of work is the definition of deadlines and any amendments
thereto. The principles in this Chapter therefore apply to underground work.

April 62 The contractual deadlines resulting from the theoretical work program which is the typical duration of the work and determining
quantities of the Specifications.

April 63 The defining quantities of the Specifications or the final account include:
- excavation divided into the excavation classes, aptitude for drilling or milling, as well as according to the degree of shielding from the
front
- lining and interior fittings
- the periods taken into account for the depletion of water for surveys and injections, and for measures confortation massive
advancement.

April 64 Changes in these quantities determinant related to the contractual amounts are control changes.

April 65 Since the design specifications includes articles on site installations, unit prices are not changed in the control changes.

April 66 The Contracting Parties adapt the time based on the difference between the theoretical duration of the work and the decisive period for
the final tally. To this end, the documents of the works contract will specify the time, the rates and the daily working time provided (see
example in Annex A6).

April 67 To determine the theoretical duration of the work and the decisive period for the final tally, we deal separately with the different stages of
work, especially the preparatory work, progress, coating and interior design. Adaptations of deadlines and provisioning times will be
determined for each group work (see example in Annex A6).

April 68 The bill of quantities contains specific articles to the provision of site installations.

April 69 The extension or reduction of the period of provision of site installations is counted by machines or groups of machines. It is
considered in the count when the modification of the corresponding critical period exceeds 2 months. Only the necessary facilities
to the work involved will be subject to a fee.

25
5 Meters and COUNTS

January 5 Arrangements for all Progress methods

May 11 ADVANCEMENT

May 11 01 The cost of progress work (excavation and retaining) is influenced decisively
by such parameters as:
- the type of structure (size, location)
- the forward method
- the type of excavation
- Retaining the (importance, instead of implementation)
- the ability of the mass slaughter
- water inflow, the coming gas temperatures.

11 May 02 unless otherwise documents of the tender, the countdown of the excavation will be done
according to the theoretical section.

May 11, 03 When the counting of the progress is done according to unit prices, the facilities are re-
tribuées separately.

May 11, 04 In the tender specifications, there are:

- the type of excavation
- Class excavation
- the capability class drilling
- the capability class milling
- the degree of shielding from the front.

May 11 05 The type of excavation determined by the steps or subdivisions of the excavation of the section. 11 May 06 The excavation classes take

into account the disruption of the progress resulting from the work
Retaining.

May 11, 07 for fitness classes drilling or milling take into account, in the case of advancing mecha-
nized (or tunneling roadheader), the various costs associated with qualities of the rock. In the tender, the contracting authority will define
the limit values ​of the characteristics of rocks decisive for the passage of a drilling capability class or fitness for milling to the other. It is
assumed that contract prices reflect individual values ​outside the limit values, unless the documents of the tender decide otherwise.

The contractor is responsible for the conclusions he draws from this data, particularly in relation to the advancement of equipment
provided in the offer.

May 11, 08 Fracturing or the mechanical properties of solid does not explicitly act as
classification criterion as influence anyway necessary retaining structures and the ability to drill or milling.

May 11, 09 Difficulties in water inflows or gas and various special works (the confortation
massive, surveys) are the subject of separate articles of the Specifications.

May 11, 10 When progress is not possible with the planned facilities, the project owner and Entre
tenant agree on the measures to be taken and the mode of payment.

May 11, 11 When decisions of the contracting authority or the circumstances in which the contracting authority assumes
responsibility entail a suspension of advancement, the following benefits are counted in regulated provided that there are no unit prices
for this purpose:
- provision of installation progress
- hours of labor that can not be used for other paid activities.

May 11 12 In the case where the project foresees the realization of a pilot tunnel in a step prior to the excavation
the rest of the profile, the latter will be classified and a special reward. A pilot gallery does not affect the name of the

excavation kind.

26
May 12 SUPPORT

May 12 1 Overview

May 12 11 Measures to protect workers are taken into account in determining the
excavation classes provided they are made in the same way as measures to support.

May 12, 12 When we use other types of support as those described in the definition of classes
excavation, the project owner and the contractor agree on their distribution in the excavation classes. For this, we will consider the
surveying fashion and work area.

May 12 2 Anchoring in rock

Counting the anchors will be made per unit, taking into account the types and dimensions (length, diameter) of the anchors.

5 12 3 shotcrete

May 12, 31 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the countdown will be made of shotcrete
based on the basic volume of mixture used. The units of measure are:

- for the dry shotcrete: 1 m 3 méIange of dry aggregates and cement

- for shotcrete by wet way: 1 m 3 concrete (finished product) implemented and compacted in formwork.

It will determine the volume by periodic performance tests.

May 12 32 Unless otherwise specified contractual documents, additives are the subject of separate articles. May 12 33 Unit prices include loading

and discharge of bounce and movement of

facilities and scaffolding for the work of shotcrete.

5 April 12 metal support

May 12 41 The counting of materials will be made according to the weight type (rolled sections, crosslinked hangers) and
per dimension. The meter includes the bearing plates and head, splints, bolts and spacers.

May 12 42 The supply, installation and eventual removal are the subject of separate articles of the Specifications.

5 May 12 Shielding elements or lining

May 12 51 The counting of shielding elements will be carried out according to weight, by type (material, destination) and
per dimension.

May 12 52 The supply, installation and eventual removal are the subject of separate articles of the Specifications. May 12 53 The filling of the voids

between the rock and the shield members is the subject of the separate articles
design specifications.

5 June 12 Reinforcing Mesh

12 May 61 Typically, the mesh count will occur depending on the surface, by way of introduction
(Anchored mesh, mesh placed on crosslinked hangers, etc.) and by type of mesh (mesh size, strand diameter).

12 May 62 The meter is based on the effective area of ​the mesh in place. covering the surfaces are
therefore included in the bills of quantities.

May 12 63 The mode of counting the fasteners will be specified in the conditions of the tender. 12 May 64 The bending or shaping of plant trellis will

be a plus.

27
12 May 7 Segmental

May 12 71 The following benefits are counted separately:

- supply, including production, transport and storage on site

- transportation to the place of assembly and installation, including possible links sealings and gaskets

- complete filling behind the segments in place (voussoir expunge or complete ring of segments).

12 May 72 The rhabillages necessary at the corners and edges to allow the establishment of the seal
(See March 15, 24) are not given special consideration.

May 13 ADDITIONAL EXCAVATION, OUT-PROFILE

May 13 1 Additional excavations that the contractor performed for the needs of the site (for example avoidance places for assembly or
disassembly work) and any additional amounts resulting (excavation, retaining, coating) will be included in package prices, global or
unit.

May 13 2 Additional quantities of excavation and lining resulting from the choice of machinery or equipment (actual excavated section than the
prescribed section) will be included in unit prices. However, the support will be counted as actual quantities.

5 March 13 The offline profile resulting from execution techniques (see Figure 4) is included in the unit prices excavation and evacuation. The
contractor will indicate in its offer the accepted value for the offline profile.

5 April 13 Are considered off-profiles resulting geological conditions, local landslides that are not attributable to a contractor's inattention (eg excessive
load or improper disposal of mine blows by a defective or late introduction retaining).

5 May 13 The section taken into account for the compensation of the loading and transportation instead of discarding, and the necessary
materials for filling and retaining the resultant off-profiles geological conditions is defined by the surface F.

To advance by mining, advancing to the roadheader machine and advancement in soft ground, this area is defined in Figure 4. For
the TBM, this surface is defined by Figure 5.

Figure 4 Boundaries on off-profiles Figure 5 Boundaries on off

resulting geological conditions resulting profiles conditions
the case of the advancement by blasting, machine geological in the case of the progress
point-attack or soft ground TBM

limit line G

A: theoretical surface excavation of A: theoretical surface excavation of

complete section complete section
D: distance between the theoretical scope D: distance from the effective scope
of the excavation and the boundary line G excavation and the boundary line G
d: distance between the theoretical scope Db: drilling diameter with worn tools
of the excavation and the boundary line g F: section taken into account for the
F: section taken into account for the rétri- compensation of the resulting off-profiles
bution of the resulting off-profiles geological conditions
geological conditions P: intersection of the boundary line G and
P: intersection of the boundary line G and effective perimeter of the excavation
effective perimeter of the excavation
28
5 June 13 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the distance D is determined by the following formulas:

- Mining: D = 0.07 ⋅ A, but at least 0.40 m

- Advancement to the roadheader: D = 0.05 ⋅ A, but at least 0.40

m

- Progress in soft ground without shield: D = 0.05 ⋅ A, but at

least 0.40 m

- Progress with lances to shield or shield: D = 0.03 ⋅ A, but at

least 0.25 m

- TBM: D = 0.03 ⋅ A, but at least 0.20 m = excavated

section of the full profile [m 2]

May 14 DEPLETION OF WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION

May 14 1 Generally, the capture and diversion or disposal of all waters, including waters used by the contractor, subject to separate sections
of the Specifications.

May 14 2 Only when the water can be drained by gravity and the ability of existing pipes (gutter pipe) after cleaning is sufficient, there is no need for
special retribution.

5 March 14 When the pumps of implementation is required, provision, installation and disassembly are counted separately according to rated speed,
and operation is counted per hour of operation.

5 April 14 The provision commences with the arrival of the equipment ordered on site and ends upon release thereof by the project owner.

5 May 14 The Contractor batch upstream is responsible for retaining dirt and mud to the boundary of the lots. The necessary devices are the
subject of separate articles of the Specifications.

5 June 14 When existing pipes are sufficient, the downstream batch has to take charge without additional compensation flows from the
upstream after drilling. When in the downstream batch and according to the program, the remaining work to perform require a
diversion of water upstream of the batch, corresponding measures are subject to a fee.

14 May 7 The cleaning of the sedimentation tank, the evacuation of water and mud evacuation are the subject of separate articles of the
Specifications.

May 15 DIFFICULTIES DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF WATER

May 15 1 Difficulties in progress

15 May 11 The water inflows can result in decreased labor rates, the payment of compensation
Further to work in water and mud, or additional benefits for perforation and repair work on site facilities. These difficulties are the
subject of a separate fee. It then distinguishes the advancement amount of the downward progress.

15 May 12 The remuneration of the difficulties is by time (hour team). It is fixed as follows
each excavation class, depending on the excavated section and the flow rate observed for a period of at least eight hours:

- tunnel to a section of 25 m 2:
uplink attack > 10.. .40 l / s
downlink attack > 5.. . 20 l / s

- a tunnel section over 25 m 2:

uplink attack > 10.. .60 l / s
downlink attack > 5.. . 30 l / s
- well:
uplink attack > 2.. 10 l / s
downlink attack > 1.. . 5 l / s

29
 15 May 13 The difficulties resulting rates not reaching the minimum values ​given in May 15, 12 will
included in the unit price for excavation.

15 May 14 The contractor is required to continue work without downsizing and with the same rate
Engagement machinery and equipment as the rates do not exceed the maximum values ​specified in the contract. Otherwise,
compensation may be reduced.

15 May 15 If the contractual maximum flow is exceeded, the project owner and the contractor agree
on measures to be taken for drainage and further work and on the count mode.

May 15, 16 In the excavation sections, the difficulties do not result in payment only once during
the work progress. Partial or fractional section, the count occurs separately for each work step (e.g. step 1 to the cap, stage 2 for
subsequent slaughter).

May 15 2 Difficulties during concreting

The difficulties involved during concreting of the raft or the laying of the segments of slab are not separate articles of the
Specifications. Measures to the water diversion are remunerated.

5 March 15 Adaptation deadlines

May 15, 31 hours (hours team) provided in the tender specifications will be accepted in
the establishment of the work program.

15 May 32 The number of days used in calculating the theoretical length and in that the duration deter-
nant for the final tally will be determined taking into account the reduction factors listed under May 15, 35.

May 15, 33 We adapt the contractual deadlines for the change in the number of hours (hours Team) compared
the design specifications. The impact of this change - in days - the theoretical construction period used to calculate the critical period
for the final tally (see Annex A6).

May 15, 34 When the flow rates are lower or higher flow rates contractually provided, the master
the work and the contractor agree on their impact on deadlines.

May 15 35 Reducing rates resulting water inflows will be determined based on the characteristics
the book on the basis of geological conditions. In the absence of data on this subject in the documents of the tender, apply the values
​given in Table 4.

Table 4 Factors reducing rates when water inflows

5 April 15 Tonnage rates

15 May 41 The project owner and the contractor will proceed along the measurement of flow rates through
suitable devices. These will be periodically calibrated.

15 May 42 The services relating to the installation, operation and maintenance of gauging devices
will be remunerated. The cooperation of the contractor at gauging operations are not subject to special consideration.

30
15 May 43 The measurement of flow rates for determining compensation in tunnels and in the wells is carried out
the locations defined by Table 5.

Table 5 Shooting jaugeauge water

1) In descending attack, the countdown linked to the difficulties, we take into account the difference

between the volumetric flow at the front and 100 m behind the front. In split section, the expression <head> the location where the
gradual expansion reached its largest size.

15 May 44 The measurement of cave rates will be set in the documents of the tender in terms of
characteristics of the work.

May 16 DRILLING AND INJECTIONS

May 16 1 drilling

The tally is based on:

- the perforation method (with or without tubing)

ù in rotary percussion with the normal equipment of the progress
ù in rotary percussion with special drilling equipment
ù by core rotating with individual drilling equipment
- the position, diameter and spacing of the lengths of drilling
- the location and time of the execution of drilling.

May 16 2 injections

16 May 21 The counting is made on the basis of:

- the type of the injection grout

- the place and time of execution of the injection.

May 16 22 For concrete coatings, counting filling injections cap is made for
each profile deviation per linear meter of injected section.

May 16, 23 In the counting of the solid consolidation grouting or sealing injections,
distinguishes the following benefits:

- assembly, disassembly and provision of the injection system and the perforating installation
- execution of injection wells
- supply and installation pipes and injection lances, including shutters
- providing grout injection
- grouting by units of time (hours, hours of team).

16 May 24 The sealing work and sealing drilling as well as the protection devices and the
Cleaning working areas are included in the unit prices.

5 March 16 Adaptation deadlines

16 May 31 The drilling recognition or injection, and the injections can roughly disrupt
the progress of excavation or retaining jobs. For compensation related to the difficulties it therefore distinguishes different types of
drilling and following injections:

- drilling and systematic injections related to advancement: Excavation and retaining regularly
interrupted.

- drilling and occasional injections independent of progress: The excavation and retaining work was
interrupted from case to case.

- drilling and self-injections of advancement:

The excavation and support work is not disturbed by drilling and injections.

31
May 16 32 For drilling recognition and injection as well as for injections associated with the advancement,
degree of disturbance is defined by the response process. The disturbance must be taken into account in the data on rates of excavation
and in determining the theoretical duration of the work. The resulting costs of these difficulties are included in the corresponding unit
prices.

May 16 33 When drilling reconnaissance and injection or when the injection work is done
occasionally, regardless of the stage, the contractor will be compensated for the disruption of the progress they cause. The contractor's
expenses (payroll expenses for waiting hours, use of site facilities for stopping the progress, etc.) are compensated by pm (team) and a
staggered according the duration of the interruption.

16 May 34 The compensation terms provided in the bill of quantities for occasional interruptions
advancement will be considered by the introduction of the corresponding additional days in the calculation of the theoretical
construction period.

The difference between the duration of decisive work for the final tally and the theoretical length will fit the contractual deadlines in
the work of drilling reconnaissance and injection as well as injection work when they are casual and independent advancement.

16 May 35 The drilling recognition and injection, as well as independent injections of advancement,
have no effect on deadlines.

May 17 PRÉÉTANCHEMENT, sealing AND DRAINAGE

May 17 1 The préétanchement be counted as actual quantities.

May 17 2 The counting of waterproofing membranes shall follow the theoretical surface quenched.

5 March 17 The drainage layers or substrate as well as the protective layers of the sealing membranes are credited according to the theoretical
surface quenched.

5 April 17 When additional surfaces are caused by the resulting off-profiles geological conditions, these surfaces will be adequate compensation.

5 May 17 Making seals, end fittings and compartmentalization will be counted along the length; crossings will be credited to the room.

5 June 17 Drainage pipes will be counted according to the theoretical length; eyes will be separate sections of the Specifications.

17 May 7 The pipes and manholes should be regularly cleaned concretions and other deposits to the reception of the book. This cleaning will
be paid as long as it is not necessary because dirt attributable to the contractor.

May 18 COATING

May 18 1 Concrete

May 18 11 There are the following different counting methods for coating concrete:

- count as the actual volume of concrete with price reduction for the concrete-out profile (see Annex A7)

This method of counting is appropriate in the general case.

- count per meter according to the theoretical section:

This mode should count when it comes to regular surfaces, eg in the case of an outer ring segments.

- countdown to the room, including the concrete-out profile:

This method of counting is suitable for individual work items, such foundation bases.

- count according to the theoretical volume of concrete; the concrete out-profile is counted according to the theoretical contact
surface between concrete and rock:
This method of counting is suitable for flat surfaces, for example setting concrete or foundation.

May 18 12 Off-profiles resulting geological conditions will be completely filled with concrete to
instructions of the project owner. such cavities refills will be paid separately.

32
May 18 2 shotcrete

May 18 21 The following different counting methods for sprayed concrete coatings:

- calculation based on the basic volume of mixture used: This mode should count
in the general case.

- count according to the target surface to a prescribed thickness; the tolerances on the thickness will be specified in the documents of
the tender:
This mode should count primarily to smooth surfaces (eg TBM).

- calculation based on the basic volume of mixture used, with price reduction for off-shotcrete profile:

This method of calculation is particularly suitable thicknesses when it comes to respect a theoretical position soffit with
shotcrete.

18 May 22 The basic mixture count units are the following:

- for the dry shotcrete 1 m 3 dry mixing aggregates and cement
- for wet shotcrete by channel 1 m 3 concrete (finished product) implemented and compacted in formwork.

It déteminera volume by performance tests regularly.

18 May 23 unless otherwise documents of the tender, the additives are the subject of separate articles
the Specifications.

May 18 24 Unit prices include loading and discharge of bounce and movement of
facilities and scaffolding for the work of shotcrete.

5 March 18 formwork

18 May 31 The counting of the formwork will be made according to the effective area shuttered or current meter
tunnel.

18 May 32 Reservations, embedded, special shapes such as negative gaskets or bosses who
are part of the formwork of the vault are not the subject of separate articles of the Specifications, provided that the actual formwork
being counted in the site facilities.

18 May 33 The front shuttering joints and times indicated on the plans will not be counted as
to theoretical perimeter of the excavation.

May 18 34 Working joints are not on the plans are included in the unit price of concrete.

5 April 18 reinforcing steels

The count of the steel reinforcement is made according to the SIA 220 standard.

33
May 2 Progress by blasting in rock

May 21 GENERAL

May 21 1 The cost of the excavation depends on the type and the excavation class. therefore establishes a staggering articles relating to the
excavation according to Table 6.

Table 6 Types and classes excavation

May 21 2 The influence of the support on the rate of advance is included in the unit price for excavation.

May 22 TYPES OF EXCAVATION

May 22 1 For tunnels, there are the following types of excavation:

- A: Excavation full section

- B: Digging cap by half section followed by the slaughter of stross
- C: Excavation in partial section of the cap followed slaughter stross
- D: lateral galleries, followed by excavation of the cap, the core and the raft (Excavating
divided section).

For types excavation B, C and D, the count of the excavation will be carried out according to an average price for the entire section.

May 22 2 In typical excavation A, B and C, excavation afterwards a raft vaulted the subject of separate articles of the Specifications.

5 March 22 For vertical wells and for inclined wells, there are the following types of excavation:

- full section excavation

- pilot well (blasting or excavated mechanically) followed by a bore in the full section.

5 April 22 The transition from one type to another excavation will be paid according to the articles of the Specifications. The contractor will take into
account in its offer of the consequences of these changes on the work program.

5 May 22 Even without geotechnical or hydrogeological reasons the contractor may propose maintaining or
changing the excavation kind.

If accepted by the project owner, the count and the definition of time will however be determined by the type of excavation provided in
the contract for the conditions actually encountered.

May 23 EXCAVATION CLASSES

May 23 1 Overview

23 May 11 The size and location of retaining the set-up are decisive for the allocation of
excavation classes.

May 23, 12 are distinguished excavation classes (EC) the following:

- The EC: Retaining work cause only insignificant disturbance of rhythm

excavation.
- CE It : Retaining works cause a slight disturbance of the pace of the excavation.
- CEiii : Retaining work cause significant disruption in the pace of the excavation.

34
 - EC IV: Retaining works cause disruption of the rhythm of the excavation (sup-
ment immediately after each excavation step).
- EC V: Retaining work involved in parallel with the advancement. Shoring forehead or retaining advancement is necessary.

May 23 13 For local enlargements or recesses, it will adopt the same excavation classes for
the main progress. This rule applies for additional excavations carried out in advance or later.

23 May 14 unless otherwise documents of the tender, the contractual limitation lengths
stolen is set as follows depending on the excavation classes:

- Classes I and excavation: no limitation

- Excavation Class III: maximum 3.00 m
- IV excavation class. maximum 2.00 m
- Excavation of Class V: The length is defined by the support necessary to advance.

23 May 15 Where special measures are needed such as

- reducing lengths stolen
- reduction of expenses by detonator number, partial shots
- the use of explosives or making special fire systems, they are the subject of
separate articles of the Specifications.

23 May 16 Table 7 provides the reference values ​for the lengths of the different work areas and
number of anchors used for the classification in relation to dimensions of the excavated section. The number of anchors depends on the
perimeter of the section by tunnel current meter or the total area of ​the forehead.

Unless otherwise indicated in the documents of the tender, these reference values ​are contractual.

The retaining walls set up outside the working areas mentioned have no impact on the classification.

Table 7 Reference values ​for L1, L2, L3, n, M, p, s and q

23 May 17 Table 8 defines the excavation classes to be applied. It is valid regardless of the dimensions
and forms of the excavated section.

35
An excavation equipment according the support in the case of rock in mining 1)
ndiqués in one of the table cells, one type is sufficient to determine the classification
May 23 2 tunnels

May 23, 21 are designated as follows work areas tunnel:

- L1: gage Zone

- L2: L3 Area status: Rear Zone

23 May 22 unless otherwise documents of the tender, the counting is done according to the rules
following:

- From a point defined by the project, the tunnel is subdivided into slices of 5 m or a multiple of 5m.
- For classes I to III, each trandche is considered as a whole and assigned to a class, for example based on the average number
of anchors along the entire length of the wafer.
- For the IV and V ^ classes, the classification is made on the basis of the actual length of the sections.
- When utiltsation a metal support, the length of the sections correspone the implementation of increased length of retaining
both auter by the half-spacing of hangers or metal cedres.

May 23 23 When Excavating half section or in partial section, the retaining of the cap entirely
ment excavated which is decisive for the classification of ensemle profile. Measuring the areas L1, L2, L3 from the working

face of the complete cap. At the working face, the retaining refers to the cleared area, meaning regardless of the surface of a

slab vaulted or a core of slaughter if they made later.

5 March 23 Dug wells in amount

May 23, 31 When the coating does not immediately follow the excavation, we distinguish excavation classes.

Only the H working area between the fornt and complete retaining ring is decisive for classification. Table 7 shows the reference
values ​for the length H. May 23 32 Except constraint indication of the documents of the tender, the métrées are made according to the
same
criteria for tunnels (paragraph 23 May 22).

May 23, 33 When the well section is excavated in two stages, for example by pilot and bore wells,
classification will be separately established for each step.

5 April 23 vertical wells excavated down

May 23, 41 When the coating is implemented immediately after the excavation, at a distance
defined by the documents of the tender, we will not distinguish excavation classes. May 23 42 When the coating is executed

qu'aprèes completion of excavation, or realized by sections

a certainte length, a distinction excavation classes.

For classification, we only consider that the support used in the work area downhole. Table 7 shows the reference values ​for the
length May 23, 43 S. Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the quantity surveys are carried out according to the same

criteria for tunnels (paragraph 23 May 22).

May 23, 44 When the well section is excavated in two stages, for example by pilot and bore wells,
classification will be determined separately for each manere step.

May 23, 45 Paragraph 23 May 44 apply by analogy to a well bore down

inclined.

5 May 23 caves

23 May 51 The caves are structures that must be described as such in the documents of the call
offers.

23 May 52 The counting is effected based on:

- a basic price m 3 excavation

- a phased supplement according to excavation classes that depend on the support. The countdown interviedra per m 2 of
theoretical upper surface of the roof, sidewalls and end walls. The retaining implemented raft and intermediate stages of
excavation is not decisive for classification.
May 23, 53 is not distinguished from working areas in excavating caverns.

23 May 54 unless otherwise documents of the tender is applied to métrées the following rules:

- The theoretical surface of the upper surface, without the raft, is divided into fields of about 50 m 2 according to a frame defined in the output
specifications.
- The number of anchors per m 2 theoretical upper surface is defined by the average value applicable on each field 50m 2.

- For classes I and II are each field as a whole and assigned to one class based on the average number of anchors.

- For classes III and IV, it is the actual surface of the support that is taken into account for classification. If metal support, taking into
account the effective area of ​the retaining aufmentée of either side by the half-surface between two frames of shoring arranged at
regular intervals.

- The remaining fractions of the fields are processed separately.

May 23, 55 In general, the caves will be excavated in divided section. The documents of the tender
specify the maximum excavation sections.

The classification applies to both the divided section excavation at the full section.

May 2 Progress by blasting in rock

May 31 GENERAL

May 31 1 The cost of the excavation depends on its type, class, and ability to milling. therefore staggers the aricles related to the excavation
according to Table 9.

Table 9 Types of excavation, digging and milling classes in fitness classes

May 31 2 The excavation unit prices include the one hand the impact of support and fitness classes milling on the rates of advancement and
also the wear of milling tools.

May 32 TYPES OF EXCAVATION

May 32 1 For tunnels, there are the following types of excavation (see Figure 3):

- A: Excavation at full section, including the advancement of layered rock face

- B: Digging cap by half section followed by the slaughter of stross
- C: Excavation in partial section of the cap followed slaughter stross
- D: lateral galleries, followed by excavation of the cap, the core and the raft (Excavating
divided section).

For types excavation B, C and D, the count of the excavation will be carried out according to an average price for the entire section.

38
5 32 2 Often the excavation of the vaulted slab can be the roadheader. The documents of the tender will specify authorized solutions
(mining, demolition in briseroche, ripping).

The excavation of the vaulted write off the subject of separate articles of the Specifications.

5 32 3 The transition from one type of excavation to another will be paid in accordance with the articles. The contractor will take into account in
its offer of the consequences of these changes on the work program.

May 32 4 Even without geotechnical or hydrogeological reasons the contractor may propose maintaining or
changing the excavation kind.

If accepted by the project owner, the count and the definition of time will however be determined by the type of excavation provided in
the contract for the conditions actually encountered.

May 33 EXCAVATION CLASSES

5 33 1 Overview

5 33 11 The size and location of retaining the set-up are decisive for the allocation of
excavation classes.

May 33 12 There are excavation classes defined in paragraph 23 May 12.

When the support consists of a complete ring of segments set up immediately and continuously, the division excavation classes is no
longer involved (class T).

5 33 13 For local enlargements or excavated recesses during advancement or subsequently,

we will adopt the same classes that excavation for the main progress.

May 33 14 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the contractual limitation lengths
steps slaughter is set as follows depending on the excavation classes:

- Classes I and excavation: no limitation

- Excavation Class III: maximum 3.00 m
- Excavation Class IV: maximum 2.00 m
- Excavation of Class V: The length is defined by the support in place for advancement.
- Excavation Class T: Length is defined by the length of the ring.

May 33 15 When special arrangements must be made, such as reducing the length of steps
slaughter, they will be compensated separately.

5 33 16 Table 7 provides the reference values ​for the lengths of the different work areas and
number of anchors used for classification, depending on the dimensions of the excavated section. The number of anchors refers to the
perimeter of the section by tunnel current meter or the total area of ​the forehead.

Unless otherwise documents of the tender, these reference values ​are contractual.

The retaining walls set up outside the working areas described do not affect the classification.

5 33 17 Table 10 defines the excavation classes to be applied. It is valid regardless of the dimensions
and the shape of the excavated section.

5 33 2 tunnels

5 33 21 are designated as follows work areas tunnel:

- L1: gage Zone

- L2 advancing Zone
- L3: Rear Area

May 33 22 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the counting is done according to the rules
defined in paragraph 23 May 22.

39
5 33 23 When Excavating half section or in partial section, the retaining of the cap entirely
ment excavated which is critical to the classification of the entire profile. Measuring the areas L1, L2, L3 from the working face of the

complete cap. At the working face, the retaining refers to the cleared area regardless of the surface of a slab vaulted or a core of

slaughter if they made later.

5 33 3 caves

May 33 31 caves are structures that must be described as such in the documents of the call
offers.

5 33 32 The counting is effected based on:

- an excavation base (in m 3) depending on capability class milling
- a stepwise increase according to the excavation classes. It is counted per m 2 of theoretical upper surface of the roof, sidewalls and
end walls. The retaining implemented raft and intermediate stages of excavation is not decisive for classification.

May 33 33 We do not distinguish work areas in the excavation of the caves.

May 33 34 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the counting is done according to the rules
defined in paragraph 23 May 54.

May 33 35 Generally, the caves will be excavated in divided section. The documents of the tender
specify the maximum excavation sections.
The classification applies to both the divided section excavation at the full section.

May 34 CLASS OF FITNESS FOR MILLING

May 34 1 The cost of the slaughter of the rock using a roadheader is decisive for the division suitability classes milling.

May 34 2 The distribution by milling the suitability classes apply equally to tunnels and caverns.

The number of fitness classes milling is based on given conditions. It will be specified in the documents of the tender.

May 34 3 The project owner defines the suitability classes milling according to the defining characteristics of the rock massif.

It will include sections of tunnels geological formations and types of rocks of similar or comparable terms of fitness for milling.

May 34 4 The geotechnical parameters for the assessment of the milling suitability classes are given in Annex A1.

The geological and geotechnical conditions and the size of the roadheader technically and economically limit the ability to milling.

5 34 5 The documents of the tender will specify how to determine the suitability class milling.

May 34 6 When passing a rock quality to another, we can meet on a different section classes of milling capacity. Unless otherwise
documents of the tender, the transition zone will be divided equally on both classes of suitability for milling.

May 34 7 In excavations partial or split section when sudivisions section have an ability to clearly differentiated milling, these partial sections
can be assigned to different classes (e.g. cap in class Y, Z stross class).

40
es excavation by retaining for excavating rock in the machine att
have indicated in one of the table cells, one type is sufficient to determine the classification.
April 5 rock TBM

May 41 GENERAL

May 41 1 The cost depends on the progress of the excavation classes and fitness drill. therefore ranges articles on progress according Table 11.

Table 11 Classes excavating and drilling ability

May 41 2 The excavation unit prices include the impact of support and fitness class drilling on the rates of advancement and tool wear.

May 41 3 The excavation is counted per meter tunnel.

May 42 TYPES OF EXCAVATION

May 42 1 For tunnels and wells, there are the following types of excavation:

- A: Excavation full section

- E: Excavation by steps (gallery or pilot well followed by a bore, the two steps being carried out
TBM).

5 42 2 In case of combining a pilot hole tunneling and subsequent bore by other slaughter methods, guidelines for the TBM apply the pilot hole
(such as excavation A), and those relating to the mining or advancement to the roadheader apply to the bore (types of excavation A to
D).

May 43 EXCAVATION CLASSES

May 43 1 Overview

May 43 1 1 importance of retaining and its place and its implementation are critical mode
for the allocation of excavation classes.

We consider that the support of the implementation is systematic when it can be performed as part of a weekly stage of advancement.

May 43 12 There are excavation classes defined in paragraph 23 May 12.

When the support consists of a complete ring of segments set up immediately and continuously, the division excavation classes is no
longer involved (class T).

5 43 13 For the TBM is defined as follows work areas:

- L1: Machine Zone
- L2: Zone following train
- L3: rear area, to 200 m of the following train.

In the L1 areas, L2, L3 are defined L1 work locations *, L2 *, L3 * which retaining work is done, and this according to the project
requirements and the possibilities of the machine type (see Figure 6) .

In its offer, the contractor will indicate and specify a scheduled plan TBM length L1 work areas, L2, L3 and L1 work locations *, L2 *, L3 * and will
specify which supporting work are possible these locations for the indicated rates. It will take into account for this purpose the conditions laid
down in the documents of the tender concerning the place of implementation of the support.

42
 work areas

Emplecements work

Figure 6 Zones and work locations

5 43 14 Table 12 provides reference values ​for the number of anchors used for the classifications
tion according to the dimensions of the excavated section. The number of anchors refers to the perimeter of the section by tunnel current
meter.

Unless otherwise documents of the tender, these reference values ​are contractual.

5 43 2 excavation classes for tunnels and inclined shafts

5 43 21 The application of the excavation classes is identical for tunnels and inclined shafts
excavated from below.

May 43 22 Unless otherwise documents of the tender, the counting is done according to the rules
defined in paragraph 23 May 22.

5 43 23 When the tunnel or pit is excavated in two stages, for example gallery or pilot well followed by a
bore, the excavation of each step is subject to a separate classification.

May 43 3 excavation classes for vertical wells

5 43 31 Vertical wells bored from the bottom by means of a drilling head is not subject to a dis-
tion between the excavation classes.

5 43 32 The necessary retaining structures locally and corresponding downtime will be

separate articles of the Specifications.

5 43 33 In the case of vertical wells bored from the top by means of a tunnel boring machine, be applied by analogy
the provisions of paragraph 5 April 23.

May 44 CLASS ABILITY DRILLING

May 44 1 The cost of cutting the rock by means of a tunnel boring machine is decisive for the division suitability classes drilling.

May 44 2 The breakdown in drilling suitability classes apply equally to tunnels and caverns. The number of drilling suitability classes is established in the

tender based on the specific requirements of the work.

May 44 3 The project owner defines the suitability classes drilling on the basis of the defining characteristics of the rock massif. It will include
sections of tunnels geological formations and types of rocks of similar or comparable terms of fitness for drilling.

43
5 44 4 The geological parameters for the assessment of drilling suitability classes are given in Annex A1.

The tunnel sections assigned to a drilling capability class will be defined better with the defining characteristics of the rock mass and as
to the penetration and tool wear. We will consider the range of variation of these characteristics.

5 44 5 The drilling suitability classes can also be defined using the instantaneous speed of advancement.

An observation of the instantaneous speed of progress will be periodically and contradictory manner, for example every day at
approximately the same time. The terms of this statement will be defined by contract, specifying for example the length of the password
control, the average overall thrust and status of tools and their degree of wear. It will also indicate the section which applies the ability
to define class drilling. For daily monitoring, for example, the validity of the award extends to the relevant day.

May 44 6 The documents of the tender will specify the method of determining the site of fitness classes to drilling.

May 44 7 When passing a rock quality to another, we can meet different classes on a certain stretch. Unless otherwise documents of the tender is
the ability of the class met drilling cap is decisive.

May 44 8 In the case of highly abrasive rock, one can consider additional compensation for wear high tools. Determination of the abrasiveness
will be done by the appropriate tests to define the critical abrasiveness from which the additional compensation is involved.

44
es excavation by retaining for rock excavation tunnel 1)
nt shown in one of the table cells, one type is sufficient to determine the classification.
May 5 Progress in soft ground

May 51 GENERAL

May 51 1 There are the following methods to advance soft ground, with or without measures con-
fortation and drainage:

- advancing unshielded
- advancing with a shield (shield piece or lances shield).

This chapter does not deal with advancements stabilizing the working face in the mud and shields to earth pressure against.

May 51 2 By confortation measures and drainage means all those to be taken to per-
to carry out the work as planned advancement methods.

5 51 3 The cost of the excavation depends on the type of excavation and the degree of shielding the front. therefore staggers the articles relating to
the excavation according to Table 13.

Table 13 Type of excavation and degrees of shielding the front

May 51 4 The ability to slaughter (eg, the importance of natural or artificial cementing) and the importance of supporting work to the perimeter of
the section does not constitute an additional criterion for the staggering of items relating to the excavation.

5 51 5 The difficulties related to the slaughter of boulders or rock will be an additional fee.

May 51 6 The difficulties resulting from the progress with an inclined working face (slope less than 3: 1) or advancement with a centrai
barricade will be an additional fee.

May 52 TYPES OF EXCAVATION

The following different types of excavation for tunnels in soft ground:

- Advancement without shield:

A: Excavation in full section, including advancing with stepped edge B: Excavating cap followed by
slaughter stross C: Excavation subdivided into cap followed by slaughter stross D: lateral galleries,
followed by cutting of the cap, the core and the raft

- Progress with shield: A: Excavation full

section

The combination of an advancement cap Shielding lances and subsequent slaughtering without shield can.

For types excavation B, C and D, the count of the excavation will be done separately for each sub-section.

46
May 53 SHIELD DEGREE OF FRONT

May 53 1 From the surface of the front supported is decisive for the award of the degree of shielding from the front.

The articles on the excavation are staggered as follows according to the degree of shielding from the front:
- a: Shield ≤ 33%
- b: Shielding 34. . . 66%
- c: Shielding 67. . . 100%

Unless otherwise documents of the tender, these values ​are binding.

May 53 2 The working face of the supporting measures are implemented only occasionally (eg weekends) are not involved in the definition of the
degree of shielding the front.

May 53 3 The establishment and shielding of the fall of the forehead and the materials used will be separate items in the bill of quantities.

The cost of using a mechanical shield installed in the shield (eg shielding shutters) is included in the unit price for excavation.

May 54 Confortation MEASURES AND DRAINAGE

May 54 1 Measures related to the advancement

Excavation and confortation measures and drainage have reciprocal impacts. The significance of the disturbance excavation work is
taken into account as follows:

- systematic, integrated with work progress, eg injections, vault jetgrouting, freezing the ground, umbrella arch

- Occasional measures not integrated in progress work, for example local injections; excavation and retaining work was interrupted
from case to case.

May 54 2 intervening measures regardless of the stage

The excavation and retaining jobs are not affected by these measures, such massive consolidation prior to advancement.

May 54 3 Count measures confortation and drainage

May 54 31 The measures set out in paragraph March 25 will be separate items in the bill of quantities.

May 54 32 For routine measurements, integrated advancement is determined disturbance-related character-

tery systematic and extent of the measures per meter tunnel; the cost is included in the unit prices of the planned measures.

May 54 33 The progress rates indications include the time required for systematic measures
matic and the basis for the calculation of the theoretical duration of the work and the decisive period for the final tally.

May 54 34 The judgments of the consecutive progress to occasional measures not included in the work of ad-
cement, will be separate items in the bill of quantities. It will be taken into account in determining the duration of the work for the final
tally.

May 54 35 The intervening steps regardless of the stage do not cause delays Adjustment
contractual.

47
May 6 Interior fittings

To count the concrete work inside the coating, eg floor slabs, intermediate slabs, cladding panels, caves facilities, we will apply the SIA 220
standard.

May 7 Materials testing

May 71 VERIFICATION OF QUALIFICATIONS

The contractor (or supplier) will provide no special consideration evidence of compliance material qualities (eg strength, quality,
environmental impact, fire behavior) the requirements of the documents of the tender.

May 72 QUALITY CONTROLS

The project owner supports the cost of testing on the book or on samples collected in the book when the result corresponds with the
contractual requirements. Otherwise, these tests are the responsibility of the contractor.

It will include articles related to sampling, transport, testing the book, etc.

48
6 TASKS AND POWERS OF OFFICIALS

The project owner and the contractor will specify prior to start of construction tasks and competencies of their respective leaders. The
changes taking course work will be announced immediately.

49
ANNEX

Appendix A1 Solid Description

The main description of the solid elements are listed below as an example.

1 A1 Geological Setting

- Tectonic
- Stratigraphy
- hydrogeology

AT 12 geological and geotechnical conditions

- Determination of behavior during work (hold time, character pushing, risk of flaking - Bergschlag - risk of landslides, excavation classes,
fitness classes drilling, fitness classes milling distance or closing time, risk of swelling of the solid, etc.)

- discontinuities
- Temperature of Solid
- Venues gas
- Radioactivity rock
- spoil reuse opportunities

A1 3 geotechnical characteristics

For example, the following features are decisive for the slaughter of the massif.
- density
- Porosity
- Water content
- Resistance to Compression
- Tensile strength (resistance to BP test under point load resistance to crushing)

- shear strength of discontinuities

- Shear strength (drained, undrained)
- Degree of dislocation
- Stratigraphy (succession, thickness and orientation of the layers)
- deformability
- Permeability
- quartz content or other hard minerals
- abrasiveness

- Content sensitive minerals alteration, or at risk of swelling

- Granulometry
- Consistency limits
- compactness
- Compactibility (Proctor test) The parameters can be

determined:

- by tests on samples préIevés in the massive crossing, or

- by trials in situ, or
- by established values ​elsewhere in the same or similar ranges. It will specify the place of sample préIèvement. They indicate the

direction of stresses. We indicate the dimensions of the specimens to which refer the data values ​as well as the test method used.

A1 4 Hydrology and Hydrogeology

- Water inflows (type, flow, pressure, temperature, chemical characteristics, etc.)

- Impact on surface water (sources)
- Groundwater flow in rock (fracture flow, Karst flow, etc.)
- Groundwater flow in soft ground (hydraulic gradient, level fluctuations, permeability, care sheets, groundwater protection provisions,
etc.)

50
Appendix A2 Deviations from the theoretical dimensions

A2 1 Overview

The numerical values ​given for the permissible differences are mainly based on practical experience and not on theoretical
investigations.

A2 2 Tolerances on the thickness of the support (outer ring)

Table 14
1) upper limit of the gap

In some processes progress, particularly in the case of mining, the upper limit x of the gap is strongly influenced by the out-profile
resulting implementing technical. This limit can not be set in general.

The establishment of any metal roof supports will be done taking into account the given tolerances.

A2 3 Tolerances on the thickness of the coating (inner ring)

Table 15
1) See note Table 14

51
A2 4 Space to absorb manufacturing inaccuracies

The project's dimensions allow for space u for absorbing manufacturing inaccuracies (without deformation of the massif and
measurement errors).

Table 16

A2 5 Tolerances for the manufacture of reinforced concrete segments

The tolerances given below apply to the segments placed in a shield, in the case of a coating consisting of two concentric rings. The
joints are then subjected to high loads when advancing one hand and as a result of charges of the other solid.

For the segments of slab, the tolerances can be significantly expanded.

Tolerances:

- on the seal surfaces ± 1.0mm

- over the width of the rings ± 1.0mm
- the developed length of the lower surface ± 2.0 mm

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Appendix A3 sealing control tests

A3 1 Visual inspection of the seal

Visually control the sealing foils raised to detect any damage mechanically. This control is facilitated by using sheets with marking
layer.

A3 2 Weld inspection of sealing sheeting

A3 21 Manual control (single and double welds)

welding is followed by applying pressure by means of a pin or screwdriver. This helps to locate faults of the weld.

A3 22 Control double welds compressed air

a compressed air pressure of 0.20 MPa is established in the duct formed by the two welds. The result is successful when the
pressure loss does not exceed 0.02 MPa within 15 minutes.

The pressure also causes a mechanical stress of the weld, thus allowing control of the resistance thereof.

A3 23 vacuum control welds intake (welds extrusion)

firstly coating the welding of a test liquid (soap solution) and then establishes a vacuum bell. Is applied for 2 minutes a vacuum of 0.05 M
Pa. The test is concluded when no bubble is formed in the test fluid.

Depression also causes mechanical stress of soldering, thus allowing control of the strength of it.

This control is mainly suited to individual locations (eg welds T-patching).

A3 3 vacuum control <cushions> in the case of double seals

Each cushion is separately subjected to a vacuum of 0.05 MPa. The test step is when depression does not decrease by more than 0.01
MPa in 15 minutes.

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Annex A4 Annexes to the contractor's offer

A4 1 description of Work

A4 2 Technical report

A4 21 Organization of the company or consortium of companies

- consortium composition or association

ù company driver
ù technical and commercial management
- site organization
ù chart of site management
- principle of quality assurance
- list of planned subcontractors
- major suppliers and provided original material

A4 22 Description of site facilities

- general plant site

- inventory of necessary additional allowances
- Electric Energy necessary power transformers (kVA), average monthly consumption

- Water System: required flow rate (m 3 / min), average monthly consumption

- installations of progress
- production of concrete
- formwork
- ventilation principle and construction of the dust (see recommendation SIA 196, Breakdown of underground workings)

- measures for the disposal of construction waste, especially water protection measures des-

- inventory of the main gear specification of the characteristics of pe- powers and periods of planned use

A4 23 Description of working methods, progress, the provisions of confortation and drainage, paving and interior fittings.

A4 24 Work program, rates

- graphic work program established for determining quantities of the Specifications (ie: theoretical program of work) with the actual
pattern of the workforce
- analytical calculation of the theoretical construction period for the decisive stages of work (see example in Annex A6)

A4 25 maps

When description does not give sufficient guidance, the corresponding plans will be provided, for example:

- the site plan of site installations

- the advancement facilities
- working methods

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A4 26 TBM-related data

- Features of the TBM:

ù manufacturer, type, year of construction and principle slaughter

ù nominal diameter D not and drilling diameter D b
ù weight
ù rotation speed
ù total installed capacity of the TBM
ù driving power head
ù overall thrust
ù locking force
ù number and type of tools
ù Overall pushed by tool
ù race progress cylinders
ù torque of the head (in nominal power and Start)
ù maximum current during startup to a voltage of 380 Volts
ù potential changes in borehole diameter
ù facilities for commissioning and start-up of the TBM

- work areas:

We specify the position and the length L1 of work areas and locations, L2, L1 *, L2 *, L3 * defined in paragraph 5 43 13.

- implementation of the retaining layout options:

It will specify what types of support can be implemented and in what areas the progress of installation.

- Industrial water:

We will show the necessary flow to dust, the cooling tools, etc.

- Availability of the TBM:

When no restriction is made in the offer, it means that the entrepreneur is committed by its offer to the TBM available in due
course.

A4 27 Data of the roadheader

- Features of the machine.

ù manufacturer, type, year of construction
ù type cutter (longitudinal or transverse)
ù dimensions of the cutter
ù watering strawberry
ù cutting jig
ù overdepth excavation
ù dumping height of the carrier tape
ù dimensions of the roadheader
ù weight of the roadheader
ù maximum possible slope
ù net rate of milling in the main geological formations
ù total installed power

- work areas:
Be specified lengths L1 work areas, L2, L3 defined in paragraph 5 43 13.

- Dusting:
We specify the devices provided for dedusting working areas.

- Availability of the roadheader:

When no restriction is made in the offer, it means that the contractor undertakes its offer to put the machine roadheader available
in due course.

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A4 28 shield data

- Shield features.
ù manufacturer, year of construction
ù outer diameter of the cutting shoe and shield
ù thickness of the skirt of the shield, sealing of the skirt
ù length of the shield
ù weight of the shield with and without the logging machinery
ù number of advancement cylinders (distribution on the perimeter)
ù maximum thrust
ù recovery attacks (thrust collar, shoes)
ù Race progress

- Shield Type front:

ù number of working platforms
ù number and size of shielded gates

- Injections through the walls of the shield.

ù injection Actions (number, positioning and maximum diameter of the injection lances)

A4 29 Data on segments

- Manufacturing segments
- Storage and treatment
- Transportation and installation

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Annex A5 contractual risk allocation

This appendix lists the main risks dependent on the behavior of solid and can intervene in advance in some cases. It is a
recommendation for the allocation of these risks.

A5 1 RlSQUES the DEALT WITH MASTER WORK

A5 11 Generally

A5 Jan. 11 Venues gas

A5 February 11 Deformities of the excavated profile greater than the deformations considered contractual
tuellement, requiring for example:

- reprofiling
- a transformation of the formwork for a reduced section.

A5 March 11th major collapse resulting geological conditions.

A5 12 Advancement to the machine to rock roadheader

rock quality not meeting the limit values ​given in the documents of the tender, which may for example have the following consequences:

- ability significantly lower milling

- the roadheader can no longer milling.

A5 13 Progress in rock tunnel boring machine

A5 Jan. 13 Deformations of the excavated profile superior to deformations considered contractually

which may for example have the following consequences:
- the TBM is blocked
- the segments of slab already in place should be positioned lower
- the formwork must be converted to a reduced diameter
- already drilled sections must be bored
- the tunnel boring must be converted to a larger diameter.

A5 February 13 Quality of rock not corresponding to the limit values ​given by the call documents
offers, which may for example have the following consequences:
- ability to substantially lower drilling
- the rock no longer supports the effort of anchor shoes
- in insufficient lift raft (the TBM can not meet the theoretical level if exceptional measures are not taken).

A5 March 13 difficult Progress in soft ground or rock in a cabinet made by fracturing.

A5 14 Progress in soft ground

A5 Jan. 14 special disposal arrangements or processing chemicals or contaminated land.

A5 February 14 Progress difficult because of obstacles such as masonry anchors, wood piles, concrete
or steel in the section to be excavated.

A5 March 14 Progress disturbed by the presence of unanticipated pipes of all kinds entering the profile
excavation or nearby.

A5 April 14 Exceptional Provisions in case of insufficient bearing capacity of the slab (eg when not
possible to maintain the shield on its theoretical trajectory).

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2 A5 INCUMBENT RISKS CONTRACTOR

A5 21 Generally

Changes in the behavior of the ground, while remaining within the limit values ​given in the documents of the tender.

A5 22 Progress by blasting in rock

Disturbances loading or transport device, whether due to sticky materials or large blocks.

A5 23 Advancement to the machine to rock roadheader

A5 January 23 Slaughter difficult because of very pronounced alternation of hard rock and soft rock in
the same excavation section.

A5 February 23 Disturbances loading or transport device, whether due to materials col-

lants or large blocks.

A5 24 Progress in rock tunnel boring machine

A5 Jan. 24 Ability to reduced drilling due to the very pronounced alternation of hard rock and rock
tender in the same excavation section.

A5 February 24 Disturbances loading or transport device, whether due to materials col-

lants or large blocks.

A5 25 Progress in soft ground

A5 January 25 Slaughter difficult because of very pronounced alternation of hard rock and soft rock in
the same excavation section.

A5 February 25 Disruption of the loading device or transport, whether due to materials col-
lants or large blocks.

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Annex A6 Theoretical duration of the works, critical period for the
final tally, deadlines
A6 1 The following table illustrates an example of a job step. We establish such tables for all critical stages of the work.

Example calculation of the theoretical time and the decisive period for the final tally in the event of difficulties due to water: see next page.

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2 A6 Calculation of theoretical duration of the work and the decisive period for the final tally in the event of
difficulties due to the presence of water (Example 2)

A6 21 Calculation of the theoretical construction period (days)

A6 Starting January 21 the number of hours (hours team) admitted quantity take-offs, and the number
of hours of the day (e.g. 2 x 8.5 hours, 2 positions), it calculates the number of working hours in the presence of water.

A6 February 21 The number of working days in the presence of water (JTE) that results for a given flow rate, multiplied
by the reduction factor defined as May 15, 35, determines the days of predictable work because of difficulties due to the presence of
water during the work progress.

- Pm (team) admitted quantity take-offs:

Debit hours JTE Reduction factor Days

(See 15 May 35)

A6 22 Calculation of the critical time (in days) for the final tally

A6 January 22 From the actual number of hours (hours of team), and the number of working hours
day (eg 2 x 8.5 hours, 2 positions), we calculate the number of working days in the presence of water.

A6 February 22 are calculated workdays resulting difficulties due to the presence of water in an analogous manner
A6 in paragraph 21 February.

- Pm (team) Actual:

Debit hours JTE Reduction factor Days

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Annex A7 Determination of the price reduction to the concrete-off profile

The unit price of the concrete depends on the excavation class and the average thickness of the retaining or coating according to
different profiles deviation. The quantities of the preliminary surveying, distributed according to the different classes of excavation and
the different profile types, include the theoretical volume and estimated volume of off-profiles.

The countdown is set based on the volume of concrete actually implemented. It is determined checked by the project owner and the
contractor, on the basis of the quantities delivered for example.

When applying shotcrete before concreting the coating, the volume up shotcrete in the calculation of the average thickness and the volume
of off-profiles. For volume up shotcrete, it is assumed 0.5 times the volume of the dry mixture or 0.8 times the volume of the wet mixture.

The average out-profile is determined as follows for each excavation class by grouping related sections after completion of the work
(tunnel, well, cave, etc.) or an independent section (access gallery, gallery binding etc.):

dm= Concrete eff - Concrete theor

upper surface of the theoretical profile

Concrete eff : Amount of sprayed concrete and concrete (in m 3) effectively implemented in
All sections of the same class excavation

Concrete theor Theoretical amount of shotcrete and concrete (in m 3) to implement in

All sections of the same class excavation

Surface suction Product theoretical perimeter profile (upper surface of the coating) by
the theoretical profile: total length of the same excavation class sections

The contractor participates in the risk of off-profiles by a price cut for the concrete-out profile. The amount of this reduction is defined by
the work contract. Typically this amount increases with increasing out-profile. It may not, however, exceed the price of the coating of
concrete and is defined as follows:

Reduction (Frs / m 3) = a · d m

d m: average thickness of the non-profile has in cm:

factor depending on the class of excavation

It is recommended to admit to a magnitude of 1% of the average unit price of concrete (in CHF / m 3).

When the offline profile resulting from inattention of the entrepreneur, for example, a deviation from the theoretical leadership, poor
provision of boreholes, excessive load, etc., only the quantity survey concrete-out profile that would have been inevitable to proper
execution is considered in the count of the section concerned.

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62
Acronyms for organizations represented at the commission SIA 198

SBB Federal Railways

CNG SIA Commission civil engineering standards

EPFL Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

GTS Focus Group work underground SIA

OFR Federal Roads Office

SSE Swiss contractors

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Members of the commission SIA 198 <Underground work>

President: Peter Theiler, Eng. SIA Lucerne Business

Vice President: Dicht Heinz, Eng. SIA Chur cantonal authorities

Members: Ede Andraskay, Eng. SIA Zurich Consultancy

Erwin Beusch, Eng. SIA Aarau cantonal authorities
Alfred Brügger, Eng. SIA Geneva Company / CNG
Willi Diethelm, Eng. SIA Locarno Consultancy
Dr. Peter Egger, Eng. SIA Lausanne EPFL
Hans Heer Zurich SSE
Karl Heini, Eng. SIA Lucerne SBB
Otto Künzli Zurich Business
Marcel de Montmollin, Eng. SIA Neuchâtel Consultancy
Werner Müller, P. Eng. SIA Bern Consultancy
Rudolf Pfister, Eng. SIA Zurich Consultancy / GTS
Willy Ritz Zurich Business
Frederick Ruckstuhl Bern OFR
Alex Sala Regensdorf Consultancy
Leonhard Schmid, Eng. SIA Rapperswil Consultancy
Alex Streichenberg, Eng. SIA Baden Consultancy / Client

The French version of this standard has been developed in collaboration with the SIA Committee French language translations.

Adoption and entry into force

This standard SIA 198, Underground work, was adopted by the Assembly of Delegates of the SLA of 13 November 1992 in Bern.

It comes into force on 1 st May 1993.

It replaces the SIA 198 standard, Underground work, 1975 edition, and the recommendation SIA 198/1, Construction of tunnels and rock galleries
through tunneling, 1985 edition, as well as document V SIA 198/7, Introduction to CAN Underground work, draft revision February 1989 1989 edition (in
prolonged consultation).

President: Dr. Hung-Hay Gasser

Secretary General: C. Reinhart

Copyright © 1993 by SLA Zurich

All rights of reproduction, even partial, of full or partial copy (copy, microform) programs layout of computers and translation are reserved.

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