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Larvicidal Activity of Natural Products Against Mosquito Species-A review

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 International Journal of ChemTech Research
CODEN (USA): IJCRGG, ISSN: 0974-4290, ISSN(Online):2455-9555
Vol.10 No.5, pp 875-878, 2017

Larvicidal Activity of Natural Products Against Mosquito

Species - A review

Ashwini. U1, Asha. S1*

1
Department of Biochemistry, D.K.M. College for Women (Autonomous),
Sainathapuram, Vellore, Vellore DT, Tamil Nadu-632001, India

Abstract : Mosquito as vector transmits diseases to millions of people and causes serious
human diseases such as malaria, chikungunya, encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue and
filariasis. Insecticides have an harmful impacts on health and environment and induces
resistance to a number of mosquito species. Hence quest had driven to minimize the treat.
In nature a layer number of phytochemicals present in flora encompasses a better
alternative source to commercial insecticides and can be used in vector control
programs. From the literature, a large number of plant species have been tested for their
activities against different vectors and found to be target specific degradable and
environmentally safe.
Keywords : Mosquito, larvae, medicinal plants, diseases, insecticides.

Introduction
Mosquitoes belongs to single group of insects which are known for community wellbeing. In
view of the fact that they take action as vector meant for many disease like yellow fever, encephalitis,
malaria, dengue fever and filariasis the most important vector for disease such as lymphatic filarialis,
malaria and dengue are culex quinquefasciatus anopheles sstephensi and aedes aegypti[1] on spraying the
breeding sites insecticides interruptes the infection transmission cycle by killing either by mosquito larvae.
[2]

Mosquitoes act as vectors by their bit transmit parasites and pathogens like malaria, filariasis,
yellower fever, dengue and Japanese encephalitis significantly, which found to have devastating impact
on human beings. Mosquitoes are found in lentic aquatic habitate environments for breeding such as
sewage water, stagnant water, septic tank, natural and artificial containers such as pools, gutters, coconut,
shells, tree holes, bamboo stumps, leaf axils, water tanks and so on.

Diflubenzuron and methoprene ( insect growth regulators), synthetic insecticides like chlorpyri
forstemephos and fenthion(organophosphates) and organochlorine compound used to control mosquito
larvae.[3] on repeated usages this controlling agent disruptes natural biological control systems at
sustainability lead to pesticide resistance [4]. In addition to this these controlling agents are high cost
effective concern for environmental sustainability provoked side effects to human health and non target
organisms.[5-7]. These undesirable effects initiated a search for alternative control measures. An alternative
strategies to reduce mosquito population has developed a new method using more importantly
ecofriendly products particularly natural products a large number of natural products plant derived
products posses possible biological activity including toxicity repellent action and anti feedant.
Asha. S et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2017,10(5): 875-878. 876

Culex quinquefasciatus it breeds profusely in dirty water collection including stagnant drains,
cesspools, septic tank with leaks, burrow pit, and almost all organic polluted water collection. In optimum
temperature and humidity the life cycle will be completed in seven day passing through the egg larval,
pupal and adult stages. The house mosquito can transmit zoonotic disease that effects humans and wild
and domestic animal such as lymphatic filariasis, avian malaria, encephalitis, western equine encephalitis
and west nile fever and may be a vector of the zika virus. It causes infection through biting during blood
meal.

Aedes aegypti mosquito can be recognized by white marking on its legs and marking in the
form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax . It is found in tropical and subtropical region throughout the
world. The yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever,
chikungunya, zika fever, mayaro and yellow fever viruse and other disease.

Anopheles stephensi causes diseases like o’nyong’ nyong fever. canine heartworm dirofilariaimmitis,
and the filariasis causing species wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi .

Review

S.No Mosquito Name Name of the Plant Parts of Extract Reference

Plant
1 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Calotropis gifantea Leaves Aqueous Kumar et al.,
extract 2012 [8]
2 Anopheles stephensi Centratherumanthel Fruits, Petroleum Srivastava
minticum Leaves. ether, etal.,
Chloroform, 2008[9]
Methanol.
3 Anopheles stephensi, Chlorophytum, Roots Methanolic Deoreetal.,2009
[10]
Culexquinquefasciatus Borivilianum, extract
Santapau and
Fernand
4 Culex quinquefasciatus Cosmos bipinnatus, Fresh Ethanol, Modise.etal.,20
Foeniculum vulgar, leaves Aqueous, 16[11]
Tagetesminuta Hexane.
5 Culex quinquefasciatus, CrossandraInfundib Leaves Petroleum Madhumitha
Anopheles stephensi and uliformis ether, et al.,2012[12]
Aedesaegypti ethyl acetate,
methanol.
6 Culex quinquefasciatus Durantarepens, Leaves Ethanol, Hemavathy et
vitexnegundo Methanol. al.,2016[13]
7 Anopheles stephensi Enteromorphaflexuo Algal Methanol, Poonguzhaliet
sa, Acetone, al.,2013[14]
J.agardh and Benzene.
GracilaracorticataJ.
agardh
8 Culex mosquito Indigoferearrecta Leaves Methanol , RaheliNeemaet
Water. al.,2015[15]
9 Culex quinquefasciatus Leucasaspera Leaves Chloroform, Maheswaranet
Ethanol. al.,2008[16]
10 Culex quinquefasciatus, Annonas quamosa, Root Acetone, Ramanibaiet
Aedesaegypti Cynodondactylon, ethyl acetate, al.,2014[17]
Melia azedarach, chloroform,
H.indicus butanol.
11 Culex pipiens Momordica Fresh Methanol Nagappan
Charantia fruits etal.,2014[18]
12 Culex quinquesfasciat Monstera adansonii Leaves Petroleum Gomathi
ether, et al.,2014[19]
Asha. S et al /International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2017,10(5): 875-878. 877

Chloroform,
Methanol.
13 Culex quinquefasciatus C.citratus Oil of Water extract Aidarossetal.,2
O.basilium the plant 005[20]

14 Anopheles stephensi , A.marmelos L. Leaves, Chloroform, Patiletal.,2010[2

1]
Aedesaegypti C.gigantica L Roots. Dichlorometh
M.koenigii L ane,
N.arbortristis L Methanol.
B. aegytica L
P.zeylanica L
15 Aedesaegypti Rauvolfiaserpentina Fruits Methanol, Nayaketal.,201
Ethanol. 5[22]
16 Culex quinquesfasciatus Sterculin quiqudoba Leaves, Petroleum Wilson et al.,
Stem, ether, 2014[23]
Bark. Ethyl acetate,
Methanol.
17 Culex quinquefasciatus Ulvafasciata Sea, Methanol, Poonguzhali
Grateloupia weeds. Acetone, et al., 2012[24]
Gthophila Benzene.
18 Mosquito species Hyptissuaveolens, Leaves, Methanol, Bobbo et
Balanitesa egyptiace Roots. Acetone. al.,2016[25]

19 Anophelex mosquitoes Gliricidia sppium Fresh Petroleum Mathew et

leaves ether al.,2015[26]

Conclusion
Some of the plant species described above appear to have effective as mosquito larval control
agents. Researches demonstrated that these herbal mosquito larvicidal are cost effective to its easily
available raw material, while the inorganic insecticides are expensive and environmentally hazardous. Hence,
the naturals products are novel potent drug generally preferred for control of mosquito due to their
environmentally safe, inexpensive and biodegradable nature.

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