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    ECE 101 - Linear Systems, Fall 2018: (Send Comments/questions To Psiegel@ucsd - Edu)

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    varunmalik123
    This document contains solutions to problems from an ECE 101 - Linear Systems course. It includes solutions working through concepts involving representing complex numbers in polar and rectangular forms, using Euler's formula, properties of complex exponentials and phasors, geometric series, and evaluating integrals involving complex exponentials. Key steps and derivations are shown for working with complex exponentials, phasors, and applying identities and properties of complex numbers.

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    ECE 101 - Linear Systems, Fall 2018: (Send Comments/questions To Psiegel@ucsd - Edu)

    Uploaded by

    varunmalik123
    94 views4 pages
    This document contains solutions to problems from an ECE 101 - Linear Systems course. It includes solutions working through concepts involving representing complex numbers in polar and rectangular forms, using Euler's formula, properties of complex exponentials and phasors, geometric series, and evaluating integrals involving complex exponentials. Key steps and derivations are shown for working with complex exponentials, phasors, and applying identities and properties of complex numbers.

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    ECE 101 UCSD Fall 2018 midterm solution

    Original Title

    Solution 0

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    This document contains solutions to problems from an ECE 101 - Linear Systems course. It includes solutions working through concepts involving representing complex numbers in polar and rectangular forms, using Euler's formula, properties of complex exponentials and phasors, geometric series, and evaluating integrals involving complex exponentials. Key steps and derivations are shown for working with complex exponentials, phasors, and applying identities and properties of complex numbers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    94 views4 pages

    ECE 101 - Linear Systems, Fall 2018: (Send Comments/questions To Psiegel@ucsd - Edu)

    Uploaded by

    varunmalik123
    This document contains solutions to problems from an ECE 101 - Linear Systems course. It includes solutions working through concepts involving representing complex numbers in polar and rectangular forms, using Euler's formula, properties of complex exponentials and phasors, geometric series, and evaluating integrals involving complex exponentials. Key steps and derivations are shown for working with complex exponentials, phasors, and applying identities and properties of complex numbers.

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    of 4

    ECE 101 – Linear Systems, Fall 2018

    Problem Set #0 Solutions


    October 2, 2018

    (send comments/questions to [email protected])

    1.48 Using Euler’s relation, we have:

    z0 = r0 ejθ0 = r0 cos θ0 + jr0 sin θ0 = x0 + jy0

    Then z1 through z5 are:


    q
    (a) z1 = x0 − jy0 (b) z2 = x20 + y02
    (c) z3 = −x0 − jy0 = −z0 (d) z4 = −x0 + jy0
    (e) z5 = x0 + jy0 = z0 (recall, ejθ is periodic with period 2π)

    Plots:

    1
    1.49 Once in polar form rejθ , the magnitude is given by r and angle given by θ.
    √
    (a) 2ejπ/3 (b) 5ejπ (c) 5√ 2ej5π/4
    jtan−1 (4/3) j53.13o
    (d) 5e
    √ −j5π/12 = 5e (e) 8e−jπ (f) 4 2ej5π/4
    (g) 2 2e (h) e−j2π/3 (i) ejπ/6

    Plot:

    1.51 By Euler’s relation, we have

    (i) ejθ = cos θ + j sin θ and (ii) e−jθ = cos θ − j sin θ

    (a) Summing (i) + (ii) yields cos θ = 21 (ejθ + e−jθ ).


    (b) Subtracting (i) - (ii) yields sin θ = 2j1 (ejθ − e−jθ ).
    (e) From Euler’s relation: ej(θ+φ) = cos(θ + φ) + j sin(θ + φ). We can also write
    ej(θ+φ) = ejθ ejφ
    = (cos θ + j sin θ) (cos φ + j sin φ)
    = (cos θ cos φ − sin θ sin φ) + j (sin θ cos φ + cos θ sin φ) .
    Equating the real and imaginary parts of these two representations of ej(θ+φ) gives us the
    “sum identities”:
    cos(θ + φ) = cos θ cos φ − sin θ sin φ
    sin(θ + φ) = sin θ cos φ + cos θ sin φ.

    2
    1.52 (c) z + z ∗ = x + jy + x − jy = 2x = 2Re {z}

    (d) z − z ∗ = x + jy − x + jy = 2jy = 2jIm {z}


    ∗
    1.53 (a) (ez )∗ = (ex+jy )∗ = (ex ejy )∗ = ex e−jy = ex−jy = ez

    (c) |z| = rejθ = |r| = re−jθ = |z ∗ | In words, taking the conjugate means flipping across

    the real axis; this negates the angle, but does not affect the magnitude.

    (d) |z1 z2 | = r1 r2 ej(θ1 +θ2 ) = |r1 r2 | = |r1 | |r2 | = |z1 | |z2 |

    1.54 (a) Clearly, for α = 1, we have


    PN −1 PN −1
    n=0 αn = n=0 1=N

    For α 6= 1, if we multiply the sum by (1 − α), we obtain:


    PN −1 PN −1 PN −1
    (1 − α) n=0 αn = n=0 αn − n=0 αn+1 = 1 − αN

    since the α1 through αN −1 terms cancel out. Dividing both sides by (1 − α), we obtain the
    desired result:
    N −1
    1 − αN
    αn =
    X

    n=0 1−α
    (b) Since |a| < 1, we know that

    lim αN = 0.
    N →∞

    Referring to part (a), we


    ∞ N −1 N −1
    1 − αN 1
    αn = lim αn = lim
    X X X
    = .
    n=0
    N →∞
    n=0
    N →∞
    n=0 1−α 1−α

    (c) Since |a| < 1, the identity in part (b) holds. We differentiate both sides of part (b) with

    respect to α to get
    ∞
    !
    d X d 1
     
    n
    α = .
    dα n=0 dα 1 − α
    Evaluating the derivatives, we get
    ∞
    1
    nαn−1 =
    X
    .
    n=0 (1 − α)2
    So,
    ∞
    α
    nαn =
    X
    .
    n=0 (1 − α)2

    3
    (d) Again, since |a| < 1, the identity in part (b) holds. We use it to rewrite and evaluate

    the given summation as


    ∞ ∞
    αk
    αn = αk αn =
    X X
    .
    n=k n=0 1−α
    P9 1−ejπ10/2
    1.55 (a) n=0 ejπn/2 = 1−ejπ/2
    =1+j

    P7 P9
    (b) n=−2 ejπn/2 = m=0 ejπ(m−2)/2 , using the substitution m = n+2 ⇒ n = m−2. Then,

    P9
    = e−j2π/2 m=0 ejπm/2 = e−j2π/2 (1 + j) = −(1 + j).

    (c) Here, use the result from Problem 1.54(b):


    P∞ 1 n jπn/2 1
    n=0 2 e = 1− 12 ejπ/2
    = 0.8 + 0.4j

    1 n jπn/2 1 2 j2π/2 1 m jπm/2


    (d) ∞
    P∞
    using the substitution m = n–2 ⇒ n = m+2.
    P
    n=2 2
    e = 2
    e m=0 2 e ,
    Then,

    P∞ 1 m jπm/2
    = (0.25)(−1) m=0 2 e = (−0.25)(0.8 + 0.4j) = −0.2 − 0.1j

    (e) Using the identity we proved in 1.51(a), we have


    P9 P9 P9
    n=0 cos(πn/2) = 1
    2 n=0 ejπn/2 + 1
    2 n=0 e−jπn/2 = 12 (1 + j) + 12 (1 − j) = 1

    R 8 jπt/2 1 2
    1.56 (c) 2 e dt = jπ/2
    ejπt/2 |82 = jπ (ej4π − ejπ ) = − π4 j

    (f) Using the identity from 1.51(b),


    R ∞ −2t R ∞ h e−(2−3j)t −e−(2+3j)t i 1/2j 1/2j 3
    e sin(3t)dt
    0 = 0 2j
    dt = 2−3j
    − 2+3j
    = 13

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