IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

4, Issue 02, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review

Aneet Khombe1 Anand Bagali2 Md Imran G3 Irayya R4 Prof Sachin R Kulkarni5
1,2,3,4
Students 5Assistant Professor
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Civil Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
SECAB Institute of Engineering & Technology, Vijayapur-586101, VTU Belagavi, Karnataka,
India
Abstract— Chimneys or stacks are very essential industrial
structures used for the emission of toxic gases or smoke
from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to a larger
elevation such that the gases should not contaminate the
surrounding environment. These structures are generally
tall, slender in nature and consist of circular or cylindrical
cross-sections. Different types of construction materials,
such as concrete, steel, brick masonry, are used to construct
chimneys. Steel chimneys are preferably suited for process
works where a short term heat-up period and inadequate
thermal capacity are required. Also steel chimneys are more
economical up to a height of 40m-45m. Usually chimneys
are almost vertical in order to ensure that the hot gases
should flow smoothly. The present paper comprises of
literature review of latest papers published in the field of
industrial chimneys. This study offers a comprehensive
review of the research papers published in the field of
dynamic analysis carried out on the chimneys. The current
review article gives the latest information and developments Fig. 1: Industrial Chimney
taken place in chimney analysis and design. The paper The present review article gives collection of literature
mainly focuses on dynamic analysis, linear and non-linear papers carried on dynamic analysis of chimneys. The linear
analysis, soil structure interaction studies, Seismic and wind and non-linear behaviour, soil structure interaction studies
analysis etc. The paper gives a complete collection of the and seismic and wind analysis are brought briefly into
studies carried out on dynamic analysis and would give an picture.
updated material for researchers.
Key words: Chimney, Dynamic, Stacks, linear, seismic, soil- II. LINEAR & NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
structure interaction
Many researchers have carried out the analysis on linear and
non-linear dynamic analysis. Below mentioned literature
I. INTRODUCTION
papers gives a survey of this dynamic analysis.
Chimneys are the structures which are built to greater M.R.TABESHPOUR (2012) [1], “NONLINEAR
heights as tall slender structures. In early days, as household DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CHIMNEY-LIKE TOWERS”
vents and over the years; they are popularly known as In this study the most important problem i.e. earthquake
chimneys. Chimneys or stacks are used as a medium to behaviour of the structures, hysteric behaviour of material
transfer highly contaminated polluted gases to atmosphere at and section properties are studied. The significance of this
greater heights. study is mainly concentrated on model simplification that
Over the years due to development of large scale provides sufficient accuracy based on a nonlinear discrete
industries, a large number of tall slender chimneys are model. Tous power plant chimney is investigated
required to be designed every year. Chimneys are numerically as an example. The nonlinear dynamic analysis
answerable for industrial growth in any country and changes essentially needed for seismic assessment in evaluation of
in the various parameters in any country and changes in the actual performance of complicated structures during
various parameters or dimensions such as increasing the earthquakes than the damage indices of structure had to be
height of the chimneys is more independent on the structural calculated using appropriate damage models. VICTOR
analysis such as response to earthquake is become more BOCHICCHIO, [2] “DESIGN OF CHIMNEY WITH GRP
critical criteria. Diameter of the top the chimney and height LINER FOR LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURE
of the chimney, exit velocity at the top, dispersion of gases OPERATION”, The design of this chimney presented
are within the allowable limits. Mainly bottom diameter is several interesting and challenging aspects related to the
also controlling by the various structural requirements of the high temperature By-Pass operation. The use a highly
both the concrete shell and foundation base of the chimney. ventilated annulus added in addressing concerns regarding
For the development of large scale industries all over the access into the annular space and in the thermal design of
country, enormous numbers of tall structures all over the the GRP liner. A large construction opening, reinforced by
design every year and proper care is to be taken for the pilasters, provided structural performance equivalent to that
design of chimneys. of a similar chimney with a normal sized openings, at a
significant cost savings. M. SHIVAJI, AND V.S.N.RAJU

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 Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review
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[3], “DYNAMIC ANALYSIS RCC CHIMNEYS” This due to SSI is very important. The variation in maximum
paper discusses the dynamic analysis of 220m high RCC tangential moment of chimney is double for a chimney with
chimney for free vibration analysis and response spectrum thin raft as compared to that with thick raft. When founded
analysis using MSC/Nastran. Analysis has been carried out on loose sand. Similar variation occurs in radial moment
for fixed base case and base soil structure interaction case. also. NEGAR SADEGH POUR, INDRAJIT CHOWDHRY
The coupling between structure and its supporting soil (2009) [7], “DYNAMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE
generally results in system which has a longer fundamental INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF TALL MULTY-FLUE
period than the same structure fixed to a rigid base. It has CHIMNEYS UNDER AERODYNAMIC AND SEISMIC
also been observed from this study that the effect of FORCE”, The present paper proposes a semi analytic
considering soil structure interaction on the stresses mathematical model based on which both seismic and
originating from earthquake response analysis in the aerodynamic response of such a tall chimneys are studied
reinforced concrete chimney structure is highly beneficial. for various soil stiffness and are compared with fixed base
ANURAG JAIN, BEHNAM ARYA, CHARLES conventional method as per UBC 97(for seismic load) and
GODDARD AND JON GALSWORTHY, [4] “NON CICIND (for wind loading). Soil Structure interaction also
LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AN INDUSTRIAL has an important effect on seismic forces of tall chimneys.
CHIMNEYS PILE FOUNDATION SYSTEM FOR Although for tall chimneys rested on firm soil, earthquake
HURRICANE LOADING”, This paper presents the results loads decreased as a result of increasing in period values,
of a nonlinear dynamic analysis to evaluate the structural seismic forces may amplify by using different response
performance pile and mat foundation system supporting a spectra in calculation. This means that the soil structure
350ft tall concrete chimney stack for hurricane force wind interaction effects are reliant on characteristic of the seismic
loads. The wind tunnel testing was conducted to develop excitation in addition to chimneys properties. JEEVAN T,
wind load time histories along the height of the chimney. A SOWJANYA G. V (2014) [8], “SOIL STRUCTURE
geotechnical investigation was performed to determine the INTERACTION ON 100m TALL INDUSTRIAL
nonlinear characteristics of the pile behaviour under lateral CHIMNEY UNDER SEISMIC LOAD”, The thesis attempts
and vertical loads. Analysis showed that for a 157mph wind to study the effect of soil structure interaction under
sped pile axial forces remain below the threshold where transient loading for tall chimneys with annular raft. This
permanent pile settlement is expected. Therefore, no study has been mainly carried out to determine the change in
settlement is expected at this level of loading and the pile various seismic response quantities due to consideration of
foundation should remain fully functional. flexibility of soil, slenderness ratio of chimney and thickness
of annular raft. The study shows that natural frequency
ΙΙΙ. SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION STUDIES decreases with increase in soil flexibility, and also shows
Soil structure interaction defines in which the response of that increase in slenderness ratio of chimney decreases
the soil influences the motion of the structure and the tangential and radial moment of annular raft. GANESH
motion of the structure influences the response of the soil. KUMAR T, SHRUTHI.H.K (2014) [9], “SOIL
Neither the structural displacements nor the ground STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECT ON 200m TALL
displacements are independent from each other in this case. INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEY UNDER SEISMIC LOAD”,
Many researchers have carried out SSI on chimneys The present paper focuses on the quantification of the effect
considering soil-flexibility and brought into various of soil flexibility on the most important design variables in
literatures explained below. the seismic response of chimney structures with raft footing.
K.S.BABU NARAYAN, SUBHAS .C. YARAGAL, AND Based on the analysis results, it has been concluded that the
YUKIO TAMURA, [5] “INTERACTION ENVELOPS effect of soil structure interaction place significant role to
FOR LIMIT STATE DESIGN CHIMNEYS”, Chimneys as decrease the natural frequency, raft displacement, radial and
an indirect and effective means of air pollution control is tangential moments in annular raft. The study shows that
popular from time immemorial. Environmental protection natural frequency decreases with increase in soil flexibility
agencies have been forced frame, implement and monitor and percentage decrease in natural frequency decreases with
stringent pollution control policies. From the study the increase in soil flexibility. DORIS MEHTA,
following conclusions are obtained i.e. Availability of NISHANT.J.GANDHI (2008) [10], “TIME RESPONSE
interaction envelops and computer algorithm immensely STUDY OF TALL CHIMNEYS, UNDER THE EFFECT
helps the designer in expeditiously solving the design OF SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION AND LONG
problem. The program developed can be used in structural PERIOD EARTHQUAKE IMPULSE”, This study is carried
optimization exercise where in the total cost can be out using time history analysis considering Bhuj earthquake
minimized and the ratio of cost to strength or cost to which is a long duration earthquake impulse. The main
efficiency can be minimized. B.R JAYALAXMI, S.V. objective in using this earthquake was, to find out the effect
JISHA, R. SHIVASHANKAR, [6], “WIND LOAD on structure when hit by long duration and see how the
ANALYSIS OF TALL CHIMNEYS WITH PILED RAFT response is modified, when soil effects are taken into the
FOUNDATION CONSIDERING THE FLEXIBILITY OF consideration. The analysis and results shows that the time
SOIL”, Soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis was carried period increases with increase in soil flexibility. It
out for tall reinforced concrete chimneys with piled raft remarkably increases up to 9% for soft soil in fundamental
foundation subjected to wind loads. The present SSI study mode and up to 80-85% for higher modes. The response of
would be helpful to the design engineers for the optimum chimney is maximum at section 0.5h and h along the height
selection of geometrical parameters of chimney and of chimney for long duration earthquakes. JISHA S. V, DR
foundation. Estimation of the response of slender chimneys B.R JAYALAXMI, DR R SHIVASHANKAR (2012) [11]

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 Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review
(IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 02/2016/037)

“ACROSS WIND RESPONSE OF TALL REINFORCED of different natural frequencies have been tried the one
CONCRETE CHIMNEYS CONSIDERING THE which have largest equivalent logarithmic decrement is
FLEXIBILITY OF SOIL”, In this experiment a three found to reduce the response significantly. The response is
dimensional soil structure interaction (SSI) analysis of tall compared with that of chimney with a tip mass. The natural
slender reinforced concrete chimneys with annular raft frequency of the chimney decrease due to pendulum damper
foundation subjected to across wind load is carried in the and mass at the chimney top and also the displacement,
present study. Different ratios of external diameter to velocity and acceleration decreases for the chimney with
thickness of the annular raft and different ranges of height of pendulum damper. K.R.C. REDDY [16], “ALONG WIND
the chimneys were selected for the parametric study. The ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
integrated chimney foundation soil system was analyzed by CHIMNEYS”, the analysis is done by random vibration
finite element software ANSYS based on direct method of approach and codal methods of India, America are presented
SSI assuming linear behaviour. In this study the maximum in this paper. For the analysis based on random vibration
deflection in chimney increase with increase in raft- approach the RC chimney is modelled as multi degree of
thickness ratio and the base moment of chimney decreases freedom system subjected to static load due to mean
due to the effect of soil structure interaction. component of wind velocity and dynamic load due to
fluctuating component of velocity. The fluctuating
III. SEISMIC AND WIND ANALYSIS component of wind velocity at a point is considered as
SREERATH S, ANOOJA BASHEER, [12], temporal random process. Present codal methods of a long -
“COMPARISON OF WIND AND SEISMIC EFFECTS ON wind analysis are found simplistic and are not equipped to
A REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEYS”, when estimate the deflection of chimneys. Different codes are
designing any high rise structure, wind and seismic forces giving different results though basic parameters are same.
are the major lateral forces that have to be dealt with. As by ALOK DAVID JOHN, AJAY GAIROLA, ESHAN GANJU
the code recommendations, it is very unlikely that maximum AND ANANTH GUPTHA (2011) [17], “DESIGN WIND
wind accompanying maximum earthquake activity, we just LOADS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEY-AN
have to design the structure for the maximum load which is EXPERIMENTAL CASE STUDY”, The present paper is
induced by either wind or seismic. A comparison study of aimed at providing a better understanding of effect of
wind and earthquake forces on reinforced concrete chimney interference and influence of streaks for wind load on TPS
is discussed. The chimney is analyzed individually for wind chimneys. In the present study, particular attention has been
and earthquake induced lateral forces in order to determine given to bending moment due to across-wind vibration,
the governing factor on stack design. The slenderness of the because it has been found that across-wind vibration is more
structure demanded to investigate the along and across wind predominant for the case of interference at an angle of wind
behaviours of the structure. STEVEN REID, [13], “WIND incidence. Bending moment due to across wind vibration for
ACTIONS AND RESPONSES OF STEEL CHIMNEYS”, interference is found to be approximately double compared
this paper intended to introduce or simplify the basic to that of stand-alone condition. In this paper the
concepts of wind engineering and particularly dynamic amplification of wind loads on 100m tall chimney due to
responses to wind. Understanding some of the basic wind interference of surrounding structures and influence of
engineering concepts helps one understand the chimneys streakes has been studied. K.S RAHANE, M. R.
response. The circular cross section of the steel chimney WAKCHAURE (2012) [18] “EFFECT OF THE
characteristically provides aerodynamic lift perpendicular to SUPPORTING STRATA ON DESIGN OF WIND MILL
wind direction. Knowing how to predict and prevent these TOWER”, In this paper the attempt show the effect of wind
adverse responses is of critical importance in steel chimney and earthquake load on tubular type wind mill and its
design. T SARAN KUMAR, R. NAGAVINOTHINI (2015) foundation considering hard, medium and soft soil strata.
[14], “ WIND ANALYSIS AND ANALYTICAL STUDY The modelling of wind mill tower was done in computer
ON VORTEX SHEDDING EFFECT ON STEEL software by finite element modelling technique. The effect
CHIMNEY USING CFD”, The present paper study of of wind is significant as compared to earthquake and has to
vortex shedding effect on steel chimney. Vortex shedding be considered in the analysis of wind mill. The foundation
means at certain velocities air or fluid past a cylindrical sizes, concrete material, reinforcement material increases
body forms an oscillating flow, which depends on the size with respect to hard, medium and soft strata. And therefore
and shape of the body. Reynolds number used to predict cost of structure also increases. JOHN .L. WILSON, (2003)
fluid flow pattern fast a body is steady are turbulent. In this [19] “EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE OF TALL
study, five models of chimneys with different heights and REINFORCED CONCRETE CHIMNEYS”, The results
diameters at top and bottom, were designed as per IS 6533- from an experimental program have been used to develop a
1989(part 2) and wind load was calculated as per IS 875 nonlinear dynamic analysis procedure for evaluating the
(part 3)-1987.The study on the vortex shedding effect on inelastic response of tall reinforced concrete chimney
different chimney models reveals that the wind induced structures. The procedure is used to study the inelastic
vibration in the tall chimneys varies with respect to height. response 10 chimneys, ranging in height from 115m to
Dr. D. K. RAGHUPRASAD, NITIN SHEPOR, Dr. 301m subjected to earthquake excitation. Based on study, a
AMARNATH.K, (2014) [15], “PENDULUM DAMPERS series of code design recommendation have been prepared
FOR TALL RC CHIMNEY SUBJECTED TO WIND”, The and incorporated into the 2001 CICIND code to encourage
paper discusses the dynamic analysis of 150m high RCC reliance on the development of ductility in reinforced
chimney subjected to wind. Analysis has been carried out concrete chimneys and to prevent the formation of brittle
for fixed base case. In the present work pendulum dampers failure modes. G. MURALI, B. MOHAN, P. SITARA

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 Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review
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AND P. JAYASREE, (2012) [20] “RESPONSE OF MILD SELF-SUPPORTING CHIMNEY”, in this paper an RC
STEEL CHIMNEY UNDER WIND LOADS”, This paper chimney is designed considering dead load, wind load and
deals with the study of 3 chimneys of 55m high above earthquake load. The BIS design codal procedures will be
ground level were designed as per IS:6533-1989 (1) and used for design of the chimney. The present paper discusses
wind load was calculated as per IS:875-1987(3). Three the parametric study of RC chimney which is made by
different wind speeds were considered for the design of obtaining the results from software for different heights,
chimneys. The force exerted by wind on the chimney varies diameter, earthquake zones, wind zones, types of soils and
with the wind speed and its associated turbulence. The various load conditions. Because of changes in the
thickness is found to be same for all the chimneys. dimensions of chimney, structural analysis such as response
YOGANATHAM .C, HELEN SANTHI .M (2013) [21] to earthquake and wind oscillations have become more
“MODAL ANALYSIS OF RCC CHIMNEY”, the analysis critical to influence on response design of chimney. The
and design of chimneys are normally governed by wind or minimum grade of concrete to be used for chimney should
earthquake load. In this paper modal analysis of a RCC be greater than M25 since lower grades fail in permissible
chimney in a cement factory is carried out using the FEM stresses. M.G.SHAIKH, MIE, H.A.M.I.KHAN, [26]
software package ANSYS. The effects changes in the “GOVERNING LOADS FOR DESIGN OF A TALL RCC
dimensions of the chimney on the modal parameters such as CHIMNEY”, the present paper discuses governing loads
fundamental frequency, displacement etc are evaluated. The acting on reinforced concrete tall chimney. The main focus
displacement of chimney is found to decrease with increase is to compare the wind analysis result with that due to
in all geometric parameter ratios. SAGAR .S, seismic one. Wind analysis is done for along wind by peak
BASAWARAJ GUDADAPPANAVAR, (2015) [22] factor method as well as by gust factor method and for
“PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC EVALUATION OF across wind by simplified method as well as by random
INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS BY STATIC AND DYNAMIC response method. The results obtain in above cases are
ANALYSIS”, This paper mainly deals with the linear static compared. The seismic analysis is performed using response
and dynamic analysis of RC and steel chimney having spectrum method. Finally, the maximum value obtained in
height of 65m and chimneys were modelled with the help of wind analysis and seismic analyses are then compared for
SAP2000 version 12.00 software, the main purpose of deciding the design value. The effect of wind forces is quite
studying this chimney includes effect of base shear, significant as compared to earthquake forces over 220m
maximum lateral displacement, fundamental time period and height RCC chimney. The geometry of chimney has to be so
frequency of all the zones from zone ΙΙ to zone V and their chosen that deflection of chimney at the top is within
comparison of the results of all the zones. Deflection at the permissible limits. B. SIVA KONDA REDDY, V.ROHINI
free end of chimney should be within the permissible limits PADMAVATHI, CH.SRKANTH [27], “STUDY OF WIND
of 0.003h for the both the RC and steel chimney, is more LOAD EFFECTS ON TALL RC CHIMNEYS”, This paper
economical in all aspects compared to RC chimney. presents the study of along and across wind effects on a
K.R.C.REDDY, O. R. JAISWAL. P.N. GODBOLE, (2011) 275m tall RCC lined chimneys for first and sixth wind zones
[23] “WIND AND EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS OF TALL of India and the results indicate that in shell completed
RC CHIMNEYS”, In this paper two RC chimneys are condition, for zone Ι (i.e. basic wind speed 33m/s) across
analyzed for earthquake and wind loads. Earthquake winds are governing and for highest wind zones of VΙth (i.e.
analysis is done as per IS1893 (part 4): 2005 and wind basic wind speed 55m/s), along wind loads are governing
analysis is performed as per IS:875-1987 (3) & IS 4998 rather than the across wind loads. The analysis is carried out
(part1):1992.This paper presents the comparison of wind using STAAD PRO and MS excel spread sheets. For zone Ι,
loads that of earthquake loads to decide the most critical the shear force bending moment and deflection are
loads for the design of chimney shell. The wind load is maximum and governing in across wind. For zone VΙ, along
obtained by combination of along and across-wind response wind methods are increased with increasing wind speed. The
of chimney. The wind loads are always governing the design shear force bending moment and deflection are maximum
of chimney shell. For the design of chimney shell, the and governing along wind. M.GACZEK, JKAWECKI
combined design wind loads are used. J.L.WILSON, (2000) (1996) [28] “ANALYSIS OF CROSS WIND RESPONSE
[24] “CODE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE OF STEEL CHIMNEYS WITH SPOILERS”, The method
ASEISMIC DESIGN OF TALL REINFORCED for prediction for vortex-induced response of steel chimneys
CONCRETE CHIMNEYS”, This paper presents results of with spoilers is presented. A 3-start helical strake system
recent experimental tests which indicate that reinforced with straight pitch 5D was analyzed. The dependence of the
concrete chimneys possess some ductility when subjected to displacement of the top of chimney on the parameter of
cyclic loads. Based on these tests an inelastic procedure has excitation Cv was proved. LEONARDO E CARRION,
been established for assessing the performance of reinforced RODRIGO A DUNNER AND IVAN FERNANDEZ-
concrete chimneys subject to severe earthquake ground DAVILA (2000) [29] “SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND
shaking. This procedure has been used to analyses a number DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS” This paper
of chimneys, develop design recommendations and establish describes a simplified method that allow obtaining the
appropriate ductility factors. Tall reinforced concrete fundamental period of vibration, lateral displacement, shear
chimneys being highly tuned, profiled cantilevers respond in force and bending moment through a set of equations,
a complex manner to earthquake excitation, with the obtaining for all cases studied an error below 10% the
response dominated by higher mode effects, in both the results obtained in this study were applied to a total of 9 real
elastic and inelastic range. RAJKUMAR, chimneys built in Chile, with the objective of calibrating
VISHWANATH.B.PATIL (2013) [25] “ANALYSIS OF founded expressions. When chimney is analyzed by the

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 Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review
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three effects (flex ion, shear and rotational inertia), the seismic effect will cause more damages to the structure
number of elements to be discretized no longer influences which will stabilize when it will analysis and constructed
the estimated responses because the height of the element is based on the stress condition which is highlighted in the
controlled by shear if h/D < 2 ,and by flex ion if h/D > 2, h diagram. It is possible to carry out an analysis of a chimney
the height of the element. R.D.SHARPE, R.I.SKINNER parametrically, finding a factor that will transfer these
[30] “THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF AN INDUSTRIAL dimensional values into responses of the structure. The
CHIMNEY WITH ROCKING BASE”, this paper discusses maximum error obtained considering the 4 responses studied
the advantages in the adoption of this revolutionary design i.e. period of vibration, lateral displacement, shear force and
and describes the dynamic analysis carried out during the bending moment is 3.5%. K.ANIL PRADEEP,
design process. Subsequent time-history computer analysis C.V.SIVARAMA PRASAD, (2014) [34] “GOVERNING
carried out to confirm the design method is reported on. An LOADS FOR DESIGN OF A 60m INDUSTRIAL RCC
industrial reinforced concrete chimney, of cruciform cross CHIMNEY “in his experiment he described that industrial
section and 35m tall, has been designed and built with the chimneys are generally intended to support critical loads
high degree of seismic protection afforded by allowing the produced by seismic activity. So it is essential to evaluate
base to rock during large earth quakes .A simple analytical the dynamic response of chimney to seismic activity and
rocking model has been presented which is compatible with wind loads. As per draft code the deflection at the free end
available in elastic time history analysis computer programs. of the chimney should be well within the permissible limit.
Such a model may be used to make parametric studies of the The effect of wind force for 55m/s wind speed is quite
rocking response of a proposed structure during the design significant as compared with the earthquake forces in zone
process. ALOK DAVID JOHN, AJAY GAIROLA, ESHAN ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ. Moment due to earthquake in zone ΙΙΙ is almost
GANJU AND ANANT GUPTA (2011) [31] “DESIGN equal to the combined moment due to wind speed of 55m/s.
WIND LOADS ON REINFORCED CONCRETE
CHIMNEY-AN EXPERIMENTAL CASE STUDY”. The IV. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
present paper aimed at providing a better understanding the The present paper focuses on dynamic analysis of industrial
effect of interference and influence streaks for wind load on chimney which includes linear and non linear analysis, soil
thermal power station (TPS) chimneys. Measurements of structure interaction studies and seismic and wind analysis.
across and along vibration have been made on scale model From the review article following conclusions could be
of panipat power station chimney, India .In the present study drawn Soil structure interaction has an important effect on
particular attention has been given to bending moment due seismic forces of tall chimneys. Although for tall chimneys
to across wind vibration, because it has been found that rested on firm soil, earthquake loads decreased as a result of
across wind vibration is more predominant for the case of increasing in period values, seismic forces may amplify by
interference is found to be approximately double compare to using different response spectra in calculation. The soil
that of standalone condition. In this paper, the amplification structure interaction effects are reliant on the characteristic
of wind loads on 100m tall chimney due to interference of of the seismic excitation in addition to chimneys properties.
surrounding structures and influence of streakes has been Thus earthquake and wind forces are dominant on these
studied. RAJESH M.N AND S.K PRASAD (2014) [32] industrial structures. Consideration of SSI effect must be
“SEISMIC PERFORMANCE STUDY ON RC CHIMNEYS done for these structures. The effect of foundation flexibility
FROM PUSH OVER ANALYSIS”. Rapid growth of on the reinforcement concrete chimneys to wind excitation
industrialization and increasing need for air pollution control can be significant and should be addressed in design stage.
has made long RC chimneys a common structure in modern None of the present codes present any method for estimation
scenario. Owing to their long and narrow structure, of influence of soil structure interaction. It might be
earthquake forces are one of the important loads to be advisable to take soil structure interaction effects into
considered for the design of chimneys. Present paper aims to account for calculation of wind load in different codes.
study the effect of various geometric and material properties It is thus concluded that seismic response of tall
of the chimney on the fundamental time period of the chimneys is influenced greatly by soil supporting its base
chimney and to compare it with that obtained as per IS codal and nature of earthquake excitations striking the base.
provision. In the present study performance study on Ignoring any one of them, can significantly affect the
chimneys is carried out considering a 160m tall chimney. performance of chimney during earthquake and lead to
From push over analysis it was found that the presence of devastating effects. So one should take care of these effects
openings significantly reduces the base shear capacity and during the analysis and design stage to avoid future damages
slightly decreases displacement ductility of the chimneys. and destruction. For engineering purposes, the Time
Openings of size above 1.2% should possibly be avoided in variation of ground acceleration is the most useful way of
chimneys. T SUBRAMANI , P.SHANMUGAM (2012), defining the shaking of ground during earthquake. This
[33] “SEISMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ground acceleration is descritized by numerical values at
INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS BY USING STAAD PRO” discrete time intervals. Integration of this time acceleration
This study explain the simplified method that allows history gives velocity history, integration of which in turn
obtaining fundamental period of vibration, lateral gives displacement history.
displacement, shear force and bending moment through a set
of equations, boating for all cases studied an error below
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 Dynamic Analysis of RCC Chimney- A Review
(IJSRD/Vol. 4/Issue 02/2016/037)

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