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    Plant Species Epidemiology Mechanism of Action Clinical Signs

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    maria
    This document discusses cardiovascular toxicity from several plant species and toxins. It describes the plant species that produce cardiac glycosides and their mechanism of action which involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. This causes arrhythmias and other clinical signs. Other sections discuss toxins from gifblaar plants that interfere with cellular energy production, gousiektebossie plants that decrease heart muscle protein synthesis, gossypol in cotton that causes heart failure, and ionophores used in animal feed that disrupt ion gradients and cause intracellular calcium accumulation leading to cardiac issues.

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    Plant Species Epidemiology Mechanism of Action Clinical Signs

    Uploaded by

    maria
    29 views1 page
    This document discusses cardiovascular toxicity from several plant species and toxins. It describes the plant species that produce cardiac glycosides and their mechanism of action which involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. This causes arrhythmias and other clinical signs. Other sections discuss toxins from gifblaar plants that interfere with cellular energy production, gousiektebossie plants that decrease heart muscle protein synthesis, gossypol in cotton that causes heart failure, and ionophores used in animal feed that disrupt ion gradients and cause intracellular calcium accumulation leading to cardiac issues.

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    cardio tox vet

    Original Title

    Cardiovascular Toxicity

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    This document discusses cardiovascular toxicity from several plant species and toxins. It describes the plant species that produce cardiac glycosides and their mechanism of action which involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. This causes arrhythmias and other clinical signs. Other sections discuss toxins from gifblaar plants that interfere with cellular energy production, gousiektebossie plants that decrease heart muscle protein synthesis, gossypol in cotton that causes heart failure, and ionophores used in animal feed that disrupt ion gradients and cause intracellular calcium accumulation leading to cardiac issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    29 views1 page

    Plant Species Epidemiology Mechanism of Action Clinical Signs

    Uploaded by

    maria
    This document discusses cardiovascular toxicity from several plant species and toxins. It describes the plant species that produce cardiac glycosides and their mechanism of action which involves inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. This causes arrhythmias and other clinical signs. Other sections discuss toxins from gifblaar plants that interfere with cellular energy production, gousiektebossie plants that decrease heart muscle protein synthesis, gossypol in cotton that causes heart failure, and ionophores used in animal feed that disrupt ion gradients and cause intracellular calcium accumulation leading to cardiac issues.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Cardiovascular Toxicity

    PLANT SPECIES EPIDEMIOLOGY MECHANISM OF ACTION CLINICAL SIGNS


     Oleander- Nerium oleander We recognize two syndromes.  Bufadienolides and Cardenolides  GIT- Bloat and diarrhea
    CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

     Tulp- Moraea spp  Acute:- caused by all these plants  Inhibits Na/K-ATPase enzyme.  Cardiovascular-
     Slangkop- Drimia sanguinea  chronic paralytic syndrome:  Interferes with tachyarrhythmias
     Plakkie- Cotyledon orbiculate “Krimpsiekte” caused by certain transmembrane potential of cells and  Neuromuscular- tremors and
     Kripsiektebossie members of the Crassulaceae. consequently there are conduction posterior paresis
    disturbances eg  Respiratory- Dyspnoea
    arrhythmias.
     Hyperkalaemia

     Gifblaar- Dichapetalum cymosum Sudden mortality of ruminants, especially  Monofluoroacetate  Animal drops dead after drinking
    GIFBLAAR

    cattle, which usually occurs in late winter/early 


    TOXICITY

    Stops TCA cycle, catastrophic energy loss water or after exercise


    spring (Aug - Oct) and in early autumn (March)  Cardiac effects- endocardial
    haemorrhages
     Nervous involvement
     Gousiektebossie- Pachystigma spp Cardiotoxicoses of ruminants characterized by  Pavetamine  latent period of 6-8 weeks animals
     Wild Date- Fadogia homble acute heart failure approximately 6-8 weeks  decreases protein synthesis of new myosin die suddenly drop dead
    GOUSIEKTE

     Tonnabossie- Pavetta spp following ingestion of certain plants belonging and causes a breakdown of contractile  Post Mortem- heart failure and
    to the Rubiaceae family proteins in the heart subendocardial pallor
     Microscopy- myocardial replacement
    fibrosis
     Cotton- Gossypium herbaceum Specifically cultivated  Gossypol  Causes loss of appetite and loss of
    Cottonseed oilcake  Endotheliotoxic weight Poor growth and feed
     Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation conversion
     Hyperkalaemic heart failure.
     Binds to amino acids particularly lysine,
    COTTON TOXICITY

    which is then unavailable for protein


    synthesis, leads to hypoproteinaemia and
    oedema.

     Monensin  These organic compounds are used for  Ionophore (= carrier of ions across cell  Cardiac arrhythmias,
     Salinomycin the control of coccidiosis in especially membranes)  Ataxia
    poultry rations.  Ion gradients are disturbed and Ca  Weakness and recumbency
     Feeding chicken litter accumulated intracellularly, accumulated 
    IONOPHORE TOXICITY

    Cardiac and skeletal muscle


    calcium releases degradative lytic enzymes degeneration and necrosis
     causes the swelling of mitochondria and the  Cardiomyopathy, generalized
    sarcoplasmic reticulum, cell necrosis congestion

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