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STUDY ABOUT OPENSTACK
Documents explains about Openstack and its components
Jai Krishna Pyneni

[email protected]
About OpenStack
OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage, and
networking resources throughout a datacenter, through a dashboard that gives administrators
control while empowering their users with required resources through a web interface.
Openstack aims to provide open source cloud computing platform for public and private clouds
everywhere. Predominantly acting as an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) platform, it is free and
open-source software released under the terms of the Apache License.
Different Components of Openstack:
1. Compute (Nova)
2. Object Storage (Swift)
3. Block Storage (Cinder)
4. Networking (Neutron)
5. Dashboard (Horizon)
6. Identity Service (Keystone)
7. Image Service (Glance)
8. Telemetry (Ceilometer)
9. Orchestration (Heat)
Compute (Nova): The OpenStack cloud operating system enables service providers to offer
on-demand computing resources, by provisioning and managing large networks of virtual
machines. Resources for compute are accessible via APIs for developers building cloud
applications and via web interfaces for administrators and users. It is written in Python and uses
many external libraries such as Eventlet (for concurrent programming), Kombu (for Advanced
Message Queuing Protocol communication), and SQLAlchemy (for database access).
OpenStack’s Compute is architected to provide flexibility as you design your cloud. The
compute architecture is designed to scale horizontally on standard hardware with no
proprietary hardware or software requirements and provide the ability to integrate with legacy
systems and third-party technologies. It is designed to manage and automate pools of compute
resources and can work with widely available virtualization technologies, as well as bare metal
and high-performance computing (HPC) configurations.
Features & Benefits of Compute
Feature Benefit
Manage virtualized commodity server Racks of commodity servers as pools of computing
resources Improved utilization and automation of resources for
CPU, memory, disk, and network greater cost efficiencies
interfaces
Manage Local Area Networks (LAN) Programmatically allocate IPs and VLANs
Flat, Flat DHCP, VLAN DHCP, IPv6 (for rapid provisioning of network capabilities and
security features)
Flexible networking models to suit needs of each
application and/or user group
API with rate limiting and authentication Designed for automation and security
(to make it easy for you to manage who has access to
compute resources and prevent users from impacting
each other with excessive API utilization)
Distributed and asynchronous Massively scalable and highly available system
architecture (for increased assurance of system uptime)
Virtual Machine (VM) image Easily store, import, share, and query images
management (to make it easy for you to spin up new standardized
VMs)
Live VM management Increase productivity with lifecycle management
Run, reboot, suspend, resize, terminate (from a single user interface and using the APIs)
instances
Floating IP addresses Ability to assign (and re-assign) IP addresses to VMs
Security Groups Flexibility to assign and control access to VM instances by

creating separation between resource pools
Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Ensure security by user, role and project
Projects & Quotas Ability to allocate, track and limit resource utilization
VNC Proxy through web browser Quick and easy CLI administration
Store and Manage files Automates resource management/provisioning

programmatically via API
Least privileged access design Root access separation for management & services
Dashboard with fully integrated support Learn more about the OpenStack Dashboard
for self-service provisioning
VM Image Caching on compute nodes Faster provisioning of VMs
OpenStack Storage: Openstack uses two types of storages Object and Block storage for use
with servers and applications
Object Storage (Swift): Object Storage is a cost effective, scale-out storage. It provides a
fully distributed, API-accessible storage platform that can be integrated directly into
applications or used for backup, archiving and data retention. It's built for scale and optimized
for durability, availability, and concurrency across the entire data set. Swift is ideal for storing
unstructured data that can grow without bound.
Object Storage Capabilities
1. OpenStack provides redundant, scalable object storage using clusters of standardized

servers capable of storing petabytes of data
2. Object Storage is not a traditional file system, but rather a distributed storage system
for static data such as virtual machine images, photo storage, email storage, backups
and archives. Having no central "brain" or master point of control provides greater
scalability, redundancy and durability.
3. Objects and files are written to multiple disk drives spread throughout servers in the
data center, with the OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data replication and
integrity across the cluster.
4. Storage clusters scale horizontally simply by adding new servers. Should a server or hard
drive fail, OpenStack replicates its content from other active nodes to new locations in
the cluster. Because OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication and
distribution across different devices, inexpensive commodity hard drives and servers
can be used in lieu of more expensive equipment.
Block Storage (Cinder): Block Storage allows block of storages to be exposed and
connected to compute instances for expanded storage, better performance and integration
with enterprise storage platforms, such as NetApp, Nexenta and SolidFire. Cinder provides
an infrastructure for managing volumes in OpenStack. It was originally a Nova component
called nova-volume, but has become an independent project since the Folsom release.
Block Storage Capabilities
1. OpenStack provides persistent block level storage devices for use with OpenStack
compute instances.
2. The block storage system manages the creation, attaching and detaching of the
block devices to servers. Block storage volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack
Compute and the Dashboard allowing for cloud users to manage their own storage
needs.
3. In addition to using simple Linux server storage, it has unified storage support for
numerous storage platforms including Ceph, NetApp, Nexenta, SolidFire, and
Zadara.
4. Block storage is appropriate for performance sensitive scenarios such as database
storage, expandable file systems, or providing a server with access to raw block level
storage.
5. Snapshot management provides powerful functionality for backing up data stored
on block storage volumes. Snapshots can be restored or used to create a new block
storage volume.
Networking(Neuron): Neutron is an OpenStack project to provide "networking as a service"

between interface devices (e.g., vNICs) managed by other Openstack services. OpenStack
Networking ensures that network will not be the bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud
deployment and gives users real self-service, even over their network configurations. Neuron is
a pluggable, scalable and API-driven system for managing networks and IP addresses.

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STUDY ABOUT OPENSTACK

Documents explains about Openstack and its components

Jai Krishna Pyneni

Features & Benefits of Compute

Security Groups Flexibility to assign and control access to VM instances by

Store and Manage files Automates resource management/provisioning

Object Storage Capabilities

1. OpenStack provides redundant, scalable object storage using clusters of standardized

Block Storage Capabilities

Networking(Neuron): Neutron is an OpenStack project to provide "networking as a service"

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