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 1957-1958

THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL EDITION

OF.F.ICIAL PUBLICAtiON
OF THE
AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC.

•·
WAYNE W. PARRIS~~\~
PublisheF

I,EON~ARB A. E·IS'ER:ER ROBERT H. WOOD

GeneTI!II M lb.nl!lger ErUteril!ll lJirec-ter

J~MES ll.. t-IAGGERiTY. I JR. ElEANOR THAV:ER MILLER

,:xecutive Etliter Managing ~ditor

Published by

AMERICAN AVIATION PUBLICATIONS, INC .

.100f VERMONT: AVE., N. W. WASHINGl'ON 5J D. C. STERLING 3-5400
 The Matched General Motors Power Team
of Allison Prop-Jet Engines
and Aeroproducts Turbo-Propellers
Marks Another Milestone by Receiving
CAA Approval for Con1n1ercial Operation

CAA AFFIRMS DEPENDABILITY OF ALLISON PROP-JET POWER. Another major step toward com-
men::ial airline operation 0f AUison Prop-Jet power in the Lockheed Electra has been accomplished with
the on-scheclule approval of the Allisen Model 501-013 Prop-Jet engine and Aeroproducts 606 Turbo-
J.?J.rop..eller by the Civil Aeronautics Administration. Backing up the qualification test were 80,000 hours of
develo!'lmtmt time on test stands, over 75,000 hours of experimental and service flight time and testing of
engine compoFlenM for an adclitiona<l 50,000 hours. t\pproval of the CAA brings one step closer air-
line operation of this matciD.ed General Motors power team for the jet age in air transportation.

A ·LLISON DIVISION O.F GENERAL MOTORS, Indianapolis, Indiana

.....'SON PR.OP.,IIET POl/VEl:,

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

12 \\ IATION EVENTS

82 THE IND 51 R"Y

R5 _ ir[rame a nd Niis il e ·M a nufac turers

11 9 Engi n e i\Ia nufa turers

133 S ste ms a nd Componen ts i\IJanufacturers

16'1 i\JILITAR'i AVL-\ TIO

176 RESEARCH Ar\D DE ELOPMENT

186 Cl\ JL . \ IATl01

187 T he irlines

206 H el icopters

209 General f\ jrcraft

2 10 GOVERN i\JENT . D AVIA ! IO~

220 AIR CRA.FT IN PRODUCTION

3 13 ENGINE IN PROD UCT ION

328 MISSILES

354 UNITED STATES CHRONOLOGY

382 1957 DAY BY D AY CHRONOLOGY

393 OFFIC IAL RECORDS

395 HlBLJOG R APHY

4 13 INDEX

432 ADVERTISERS INDEX

CofJyright 1958 by
AME RI CAN AV I ATIO N PUBLICATIONS, I NC.
ATt Di1·ector
J AMES J. HSHER
P.rinl. ed by
THE ' MONUMENTAL PRINTIN G CO .. l3altimo rc, Mel.
 Foreword

This is the 39tJ1 annual edition of the Aircraft Year Book. In a bold

new format, it describes graphically the status and achievements of the

United States aircraft industry in 1957. It heralds the promise of aviation

on the threshold of space in this International Geophysical Year, 1957-58.

Significance of this period to our industry, and to the United States

and its friendly neighbors around the world, is simply expressed on the

cover of this Year Book as man begins his exploration of our galaxy.

The year 1957 has been one o£ transition for the industry. It has

mar.ked a levelling out in production of aircraft and engines for military

application. At the same time, the year has seen a record $2.5-billion in

orders placed by the world's airline network as it begins transition from

piston engine aircraft to powerful turbojet and prop jet aircraft. The

year also has marked a major shift in emphasis· from manned aircraft to

missiles and rockets in our array of weapons for national defense.

The Aircraft Industries Association believes that this 1957-58 edition

of the Aircraft Year Book will contribute to a more complete under-

standing of aviation and its vital relationship to the general welfare,

prosperity and security of our nation.

ORVAL R. CooK

President
Aircraft Industries Association
Pattern for Air Progress:
All Fairchild Divisions contribute to this goal. Fairchild
combines in a single organization creative engineering, scientific
capability and modern, flexible production facilities. On pri-
mary contracts or subcontracts, Fairchild accomplishments in
design and production of airframes, missiles, propulsion systems,
accessories and electronic systems, demonstrate a performance
pattern high in economy and efficiency and broad in versatility.

FAIRCHILD
ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION

HAGERSTOWN IS, MARYLAND

••• WHERE THE FUTURE IS MEASURED IN LIGHT-YEARS I

s
 pattern in performance:

Fairchild will soon deliver the first of many F-27 Announcing-The Fairchild F -27
transports - the new high-performance propjet- America's finest propjet transport
liner for airlines and corporations. It is now
being considered for utility cargo and training
missions for the services.

'7Ta?
?f¥;;7
·' .

JIOUS· ROYCE DART I"R0PJ£T ENCINES • 2~ MPH CRUISI NC • 22SO M ILE llAHC[ • 4tl P.USLNCU S
LOW EST OPERATINC COSTS • SMAlL fiUD PERFORMANCE • PR£SSURIZ£D

Thr /"-'li•l , J,...,.! -Io- ,<di~"' A~ "ln l d i.. <~ j!,in(l J>LI""!I " •l= i • lt'a 7 a'ld rarry on /v '[;~g r n:cb
t o<io v.lll r•~< • f'- !T o,.." it~ P< •fo n•u•no , <>;:~•· " " F"'fidnf. (AI<' /udO(I< n< h pou n g u Qad
n :i110 UC'IOO M~, c,.ol /rrrdc ...( N>m rib rat io" It> ru g.,.. ltnll <!ling ri• • ·
t Jo ~ AouAnl P<'"'" of iu c irl in< ·p ro rn• 1/ol!•· TQ/letr<d / d lhnrr <f< df/ Jo rn /t fiM OJ'r ra/ or , . ,
Ro ru~p/<l(n~ fM rt , < OOII<d~rd /or tA t nM /~r/ of /li t a ir lrartlr,:. , ,
f lo A ,-~lt-oci" ? ' " """""'';.,,. prorid r> pan· I !~""'' f' -:7 f' rirrublt ip i1 r/u "'"II dn:~•rtd
., , .,.., ;, r i<ibUity f tJrt.u)o pc..l.un g <r, Bu ilt ; ,. ., ;, !,.,,... p<l ,l /• il• <lu •. 1 '~ /ud ~~ I .UO.OOO."

FAIRCHILD

~ ofd!J ~~
- - -- - ·
;;;;;,,_

FAIRCHILD

{fof2Jl
W o rld-wide maintenance for the F -27
:"' ·~"
't...s ~· 'corpora tions opo:rating F~i rchild F-27's u u ~cuth-e lircraft can
. be: auured of m ~ i rllcnan~ the world 0'1-.:: r. W1th man and more
L" customers purc ha!ing F-27's throughout the F_rec World, ovc rh.".iu l
a nd spa\-c~ s.:rvice1 "''ill ~ l wa)"l be nc arb!. The r:-2 7 s Rolb: Rorcc. ~art
propj<: t engines arc bac ked b): 11 worh.l ·"'ttlc. nc~"'ork c;l K tv.cc. factliU~I.
FAIRCHILD '-bny corpor.ctions ha,·c dcctdc d tha t the F-27 u the a1~nft to modcmtzc.

/fogJl thc ir !lecu. Cru i1 ing Dl tx. uu tha? 300 mp h_o.,.er a 2 1 ~mrle.r:' n ge, the F -27
su rrounds a irborne uccu t i~u w11h prc3.5u n z.cd and atr cond•tJoned comfort.
Ano..l noothcr aircraft of its ty~ hJl the F -27 '1 ~hort-li:ld capability.

6
 pattern in performance:

PRODU CTI O N
The Fairchild Aircraft Division mass-produces
the Fairchild C-123 assault transport and log-
istics carrier ... builds major fuselage and wing
sections for the B-52 intercontinental bomber.

The high frontier

l'arru!..bcnonhcl..:ulm>o:"llt'-ro.af' :nd ;t\t hcrndQl th;.o lin< thr: b nJt"'
and r.oil"''11)''• I)EW ti..... oa t po<U •l nP'Iw'"fVIn•"n tCoo"> rl.llll:h.uoo
.ur.d ~;Wnf <:n-.:r A nx-rio:"~ 11tt) "'7n: h:lt:ardou• f~ ~n y .,t ~• ~•'Y«ltny 4l!/1P
buill ••th t~ hr lpol F~i rtbldC- 1
t r.>rurc-u.. "'t:~h !IN· o ntb.:nlt'ft~
:!J
t n~;:~;;::~:;r·;:· pol.l, ~";), _FAIRCHILD
tho C'Qm.lr\IC b~ ..u:~.n:.o! - c•=
the club h~•'l.' C"Oml' to d...,...:nd N> tbo: •n tti.!J I Hnll • • out otu oo u . •uu 1o1
r.Mb r :ontcna.u " h•Ch.,.,..'toC.ntho: C'- ! ::! J- j<U I U t hr US. A <mc d , _ . , .,,..,.., , ..... ..,..,__._.(~< ­
FC'.l'tt::OCI'I;' I )"'"'heJT, l'hc C· I= JJl-.;. r~
<hcv: q.uliJIC'• • it h 011x'r F ~hc h.iJ:I · _ _,,_ •...,....... ,._,......_,., _ , _ , _., •• , ,
1'11<- C- I!J commuter..,..,-;""" to
tbc:O CW!inoc • m :u1hc:r.ucnf :a in:T:I fl : ru~!'li.', .._~li:~bilily,:.ml
up tQ ciz,hl tom of c•~ F"' pbnc- c•·u inr~""Gulllity,

Strengthening the Sunday Punch of SAC

Ever y tinrc one or th new B-52 Ah•.-a ~~ on !thcdulc. rl>c:sr <:;:>mpu-
gk>b.>lbo:nbcnisc!c li,-.: rcd.Ar=rica nmU i-l;,.n.Juproc.-~..-r int:,\ i rFortt
i1 nk r. OHOn£cr. more secure. In
qu~ti r y- pr ->ducin g huge ,.,·i ng and
quJ lit)' SIJ ndlrds.
,\ :n~}ot pri ~ ~n .J suko-ntr~ C·
~
(u>d~I)C ..:t~ ions and ••:-rr i•~ l !ins tor, F~irch ild >p<'('i3 li>U in low C\ll l FAIRCHILD
fur the inrcn:o nti n>nta l bo mbe r. [) reduction. to p .:;u~lt t )' •--on rrol, con- l l l t U I I II l l l l l l ' U I!IITUI II. Ut! l>"
Fairc hild he lps lf«d tht-i r rk li•..: ry >i> le nt on -tim> <kl n1:rie:s - ~ ll ~<kli ng • "'"""-"' '""" .... , ..,.,.., " ' 'V•t<!O><>O .....
to th; S!r'ltcgk ,\ ir-Com mJnd. up to J«urit}' rhrough ~ir power.

#(
FAIRCHILD
AIRCRAFT DIVISION • HAGERSTOWN 10, MARYLAND
A DIVISION OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION

TRIPLE THREAT-Airbo r ne ... Assault ... Logistic•

T he Fnirt hi hl C - 1!3. J<: rvicqliO>"C O The C- 1 ~ ) pr n,·illcs rhe trlilit~ r)" ~

:1.• ~u~ ul! ~n il logt~ti~l r r~nspou. "irh o ,-a rl~ t '' of ·" ''''i>c! . . ~i • ·
pl~ yt ~ lhi ril role to Jlo! r ! ~r iun-•l ~r:t Nn n~ •upply. -~ir cv~cu~ ti:~n . n s~ull FAIRCHILD
u n n · hk k Cn r ~l • hcrn~ ttO<lp• Ju mi,,l,__.,,, b ul ~ r~ r(.n h,£il lie> nnr.l 11HUI1 1 11 111 10 • UUI\1U• II . uot tll1
IIOW· Uf> O pc rd . hiJ>l: t~i J <:OI"' fiJ>U I:I\ion '"'"'1'-~f~ I IO"f'< l nhlih . T ripk ·thr cnl
am.Jr w .n jum [ldoors m:J n i\Utr k ~nd r;u~h r y 100. in • ~li~b l ti r y. w r!hlli!it :,·
n~y jum p1 fOr ai rOOm e UOOJI\. N u· bn d pcr futnr~ nc-e • thue C- 1 ~3
m~ IOU \ ~ ~~ ~ d !OjlS ha<"i! f)r.)\\"ll ~~~
c:!l~tl,·cnc u tnt h<: nt-..: m is,ion. ~,~j~~~:~ ,~~~~~~~rr~'~ ryplca l trl all

7
 pattern in performance:

SMALL ~ET ENGINES ...

CHAMPION WEIGHT LIFT,ERS
An entitdy ne.,.. hmily of Jircr1fl ,.·ill evohe from 1 ne,.· fl m•IY of ~mJII li Vw~c i£11!
jc:t cn gino now under dcvdopment ~~ the F1l rehikl EnPr:e Di•ision. Tt~r~ new po"·cr·
plan11 ...;n ftJt urc incredibly high thr u ~t~ 1nd &J"<lt li h in ~; f'O"ct ., . )'Cl ,.i ll t'<" w li&hl
tl'w::yuneJs ilybcc:mictlbytwomcn,
...
Hi&]l ly COinJ»Cl, .,.·ith ~~r fronr.. l Jrns. the lnnll ;ct
cnpne~ .. ;n <kth·cr thr ustj •c.i&}l t
r.ui~ ~r..ning at S to I "ith ~ long r.ln&c pou:ntlJI of more th111 10 10 I. They ~>in be
u~oed in the hi&h ptrformJnct, !l&hNti£11! l rl il'lcn. i:l1crCcpiOU, Ul£< 1 dronn , pila1ku
<li rc:Jft lnclucn ng missiks ;nd inu:rmcdi1tc d u.s ~ucntc r Jnd a rgo ,rt.J of 1he 1\in:·
teen Sidia , They \O'iiJ JbO be U>';d IO pll'IO CI fiJhtns and IW fll)' 0 <£0 CUf l , o " ul i. t
aircrafl . . 1nd ,..; II make jt-1 Short Talc 011 anti Landin& {STOLl Jnd Vert ical Talc
Off aml L~ndin.~; (VTO L ) ~i:cr::~ /1 pnc l ic~ J.
The s.m3!1 ;t1 en gine mJy be u..:d oln£1y, in p.J iu ~nd in c ha1er1. /1 pro•·idu mu!li-
cngil'l<: rdi~boili1y in ~ircr3ft o( -'1 Jizc now ..-holly dcpcrKknl on 3 !in&k en!;ine. Tl:~
$m~!l ;tt engine "'ill produc~ t<C-'Itcr •·cn.:uilily ~nd uli lily in J ir pbnn of 1omcrrow.

COM~ARiaON 0111' L I II'TINO CA~ACITV 0111' ~OWER SVST E Ma

How the new f;~mily of Fairchilv Small J et En g iu~s
co mpJ rc wi th other mcchJnic:lll ift ing sy~1cms ~
FAIRCHILD
ENGINE DIVISION

Fairchild Engine Division specializes in the

design and production of small, light weight
turbojet engines for commercial and military
applications, including an entirely new family
of powerplants in the 2000-pound thrust class
and the CAA certified 1000-pound thrust J 44 '""'~':!J )~Itn;.-•

for pilotless planes and inhabited aircraft use. ~=~.;~-k~ci.

#(
SMALL JET ENGINES ..•
FAIRCHILD CHAMPION WEIGH_T REDUCERS
The new brcc.J of hich-pcrform J ncc, light wcir;hl. SmJII jet e ngine.\ comi ng

ENGINE DIVISION to life wi ll br o:~Ucn 1h~ hori~ons of jet ~ ir.:r_:ft Uc~ign, pctforman ~<.·. \'CU!I Ii lit y
~n d u1il ity .

• -; 1~~~~:1o:,~~·a:~~r •;:•::;~;~;:I,~::Jb;.;·l~;;:~,:r:;~~~~!~~ /i~:;;~~;:~-~~ r::::~:~~~~i;~;,~;;

1
1
Commack Road, O.er Park, L. 1., N.Y . as ldfl lr as 8 10 I and luuf! um,.•r (10/fll lia/s oJ III Ort' 1/um 10 w I . th r mw/1

A DIVISIO N OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION s::::~!,;;:~;:s~:~~~~:;::!!~~~~~~::~~:~:~:~J~~i;:;:~:~~~::~:~~::~~:: ~~:::: :.~ :!."~;,~ : :
lll ilil)' r xpund.
Per fo rm a nce ~ntl po tcntb l in a SJ\\:II!cr p~d~t;e . . thi $ ;, 1h~ pr omi.-.(
hciU out by th e new fnrn il)' o f • m~ll jet engines o f the JIIJ type nuw umkr
~
d n ·dopnlcn l ~ od ! c~ t .
FAIRCHILD
Fai rchil d En gine Di•·i ~ion ba s long lxcn n pioneer in .:l\'iJ1iun and a pi o neer
jn powe r and is d c!.licared ro the smJ II jet en gine concCpt.
ENGINE DIVISION

8
 pattern in performance:

Fairchild's Stratos Division designs and pro-

duces aircraft air-conditioning systems, turbine
drives, valves and pumps, cryogenics compo-
nents, actuators and many other aircraft and
missile accessories.

Ptlfor~r.::DC'C'btlK~)V(tin~K!11!t Wcondodoa.ont- Wc rJ,ht

c!rdl::r.cy nrd rdUbtlitf :u'C' pm= triuria,
) t tl'
simpk od r cyrk ;>X bEt-' tcrr tu.lnrn-C'Gm;'lk; l)'LI:ra• for
!'>o'')' toambrr• cr Cc ntvry IIQI:.:u- Fn:oa rdrrp:r;tticn •>-,.
rr:r.t-fur :uzy ollhc.M' the :wt~ft cr:.P~ • .l na.o • ~ nn
on S!r.~tt>l. Ortt of tk rt11.1 t::1 prn.J;~¢ ;ur,·r:ft 11:1 roto·
t'(IU:'It
.U o"'FtoM ft.>1 ~ 1 , l I ~I.T
d.nMit:(,SirliOOIDS d:1~. tk.-cklrcdortdd<-I»Trt'd~"''nn ·
W• u~r., llu:'IU' t 81Xlllcu~ ·~ ~ " "'
~~~ ,:!J= ~~ ~~~:X..~ren,;:n~:~="T~':~:. ~7,;~ ~~~!;.~:,:;: ~:·....,...,..'
('(.l<lb:ff:. moi!ll:rr M'p.u:uon. nn.abk u o nonk1. i:uq~:~l
filO",troh fer t rmpc r:::u11rr~ now 1Ni ptn~ur~ ITl!Ullhon. prc• -

w•,•:::t ~;:~ ~n::~~.f~~~f&;::;• ;.: ::- l.oo~ to

Str'lt m for :~n Ofr,in• '. dknm: fOI ~ticn O til!tl Uo.

Con51:lllt spo:cd :1ir turbine dri 1·es :nc :1 S1r:uos spceiJh y-

an outsta ndi ng feature: is thei r a bill!)' to ho!d s pc~d wit hin .:. or
~ or I % fro m no load to Ol'erl o:~ d cond itio n$.
P.:u1 ic ubrl y signirlcJnt Jte th e: safr ty pt c e:~u t io n s dc.signrd into t h ~~c
ru gged units. Ucsidcs an inhcn:nt ly sound design. c:ac h rn odd ineo r -
po r3 tcs an intcgrJ l Ol'c rspetd protc-t:tion system- indqx: nd rn t o f l hc.
go\·crrling system- wh ic h shuts d own the turb ine mceh :~ n kally . Q,·r r-
spcrd tri ps arc: of :;c1·cra! types- some n::;c u ab h:: in ni ght - ~o lhJt
th e bc.5t arr.~ ngc m en t for cJ r h instJlJJt ioo e:~o be selected.
f.-o r oddi tio nol informat ion o n SlrtJ /DJ" fhu D/ cir u.., binr d,.",•rJ . ~> r>rr m :

S'F'RA.'F'OS
lltJIIIU If 11\ICII\1 I IIIII I IIIHUI UIPIIIIIU

~:.~ ~a.7~"~·.~ ~~·;.!;,~-;,!-sV.:... , c.. A"C.tn. e•Jo!

Wuur n Oanch : \ SOO llouclan> -" >'•- Lbnh otta n Ou : ~ . C>ll l

""" .
\'· • <~
"'~''"' ... ..
,,.,,... ~c-......
~ ~.
S7r-A7rOS
A DIVISION OF FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION

.
~~:. =~~~.~"';!';~~
~~~~ . "''""'• ;tcu u

O UI# \.• ~ ~
' Main Plant: Bay Shore, L. 1., N.Y
West Coa st Office: 1355 Westwood Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif.

...
Q.Q Q0'-() 90

Str;~ t os builds n \'ariel)' of r quip!ncn t :~n ll con 1 pl ~t,· P'"'mn.li•C

tl -.~
.. Western Branch : 1800 Rosecrans Ave. , Manhattan Beach , Calif.
~y~L c nu for $ub-hunting p:..trol air rr.1 ft. lnd uJ r d :11~:
r: rcc Pis ton Pne u m:~t ic StOIC Ej~c t o rs -Uslng the f):li ~ Jll l' d . r~·~n St•c lo. "
princi ple 10 huriL!t-li r:IIC sono bu oys ek:H uf lhL" airn ~ FI '"'houl en· :~ ":,
,··c...~,,.,'" .
~~:~:;:E:~;~~ir~~::~~!i.~\~~.~!,,:'i.i::~~~~~:~:,;·;~..: ;~~;:,: ~,. .,~,

I Ocln i! OI <O'"OI <!•

:.~ ~ ~~ 1<>• ~> • IUhOn
r~ ~ .,

~... A.ssocio 1cd eq uipment such ~ 5 ~kin diXJ t :t c lu ~hll>, t"-' lll ·
1.._; · prcnOt>. vn lvu ~nd inrcr,rnted n l nlrol sys lrnn.

S..-RATOs ~::-:.:;·;:~::;:,'.~:;\~·, :;;;~:·....

l.lo ~ "->llM !l • ><~. C•Io l
• t<>U•O ~ OT I' I O UfllO I• ;I HI "" "" (( o o •o••l •tl~

9
'
 pattern in performance:

P ILOTL 55 AIRC T
The Fairchild Guided Missiles Division designed
and produced the Navy's Petrel missile, a
sophisticated 9-ir-to-underwater weapon. Other
accomplishments include shipboard radar
systems for missiles, g1,1idance elements for the
Goose weapons system, bombing radar simu-
lators, and other electronics equipment.

• . • P u s h ' Bulto n Gu i dan c e

FOR THE REGULUS

Shiplx» rd ~d;~ r , Uc.\isn cd :tnd produce-d b)' F~lf~hol<l Cuodt d

~
Miulla D i•·l~nn. mJh.~ pouibk 111<: comp!crdy ~utnmal" guul-
~ncc of the Hc g..,lu.._ i'o.uh-bulloo opc:1:.1ion corur~ • •~ Lhc CO&J • FAIRCHILD
nuring complc~ il)' o r l hil un ique ly 'l~ur, tc ;uid<l ncc l)"~l< m , Sn
•·cn..;.lilc ;, it.l inUJIIJlioo and ad•plJbili ly , the l'air<:hihJ 5 1'0·1
r.11Jor I}"•Um i1 now in opc:r.lhon ,.jrh the rlc:c1 ~ r ou nd the "'01ld.

HOW
TO IMPROVE
A MISSILE'S

IQ
~
FAIRCHILD
II U II.I111L IIt t111111 • lfli . . IJIU .I UI II ....... LI•
.fD/ o<o l.. o/To i-. 1111/;.qi,.. ••I AJ,~-c.--•J.•

~ \ .. uphi .. lic•ulc·cl UI'U(UIII The Fairchild Petrel

FAIRCHILD Do mhc f' orm rd ,.jl h rhe nt"'' l'l it<: h;!d
l' <rrcl noi u ilo Cl n rci< ~H lh< d <lo.lly
b;hty n upoieno! fer >uch l ~p h i>licll <o.l
"<>pen··. lh< N ovy "Y'·
~ -- --
GUIDED MISSILES DIVISION • -WYANDANCH, LONG ISLAND, H. Y. FAIRCHILD
''bi«h" " ·el!eu,.io.lethcpret<cH>'<"'•IIol
U.ip lxuro.l 1\A. Pcrrcl 1l,jn~1 fo r itul/ . ·
><<h ou r i11 o•ic li m ono.l >1,.1.<1 ..... ilh
unnnny oc •ur>cy
l'cutlhO<I><c nfull yo;><-r:uio n>lfo r ,.,mc
10mc. h 11 > mh i<I"Orl of >~•·•need <I<<·
Ir on••• >n~ d><l ns drlitn . . . •nnl h<r
m •Jor<onl n buiiO nl oCu ln>l io:u lo.lc l <n><
""" ' '""" '""'" ......... .... ...'
~ ,,,.
,o . o/ f • HO >oiJ f"• <"' • •' · ~ "''' ' "'""~ '
A DI VISIO N OF FAIRCHILD EN GINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORAT I ON ~ rc~r <! p<"rforn11 " ilh • drg r< t o l re i" · h)· F"orthold

10
Intr oduction
\ year mo re than a numb e r of day trun g General aviation found itself in a mu ch more
too-ether. It i a separate e ntit y in time, a unit of op timisti c position during 1957. The amazing
histor '· \t t ime a year emero-e a more note- g rowth of this segment of avia tion, constant since
worthy tha n its fe ll ow be a u e of a iJ1gle event the end of 'N orld \ 1\ aT II, co ntinued its spiraling
of startling impact - Pearl H arbor, the tack mar- climb.
ket cras h, the o-reat blizzard. Thenceforth the yea r To the nlilitary, the year was one of perplexit .
a nd th e event are inse parab le in tl1.e mind s of T h e g uided ntissile blossomed into m a turity in
posterity. some phases of defense. From a budget item ot
In t h e annals of avia tion, 1957 was uch a yea r. . 21 -rnillion only six years earlier, it became a giant
It might b e termed the Year of the p u tni k. amo n g security expenditures, a $2-billion- product
in 1957. But although a number of missiles h acl
T h e la unching of the frr t man-made o bj ec t into
reached operational status, the missile was still
pace ,.-a a foreig n ad1.ievement but it impact was
tomorrow's weapon. The problem for the military
wo rld-wide a nd n owh ere wa it felt more t11an in
,,, as to develop tornorrow's defense while m a intain-
the n_ited States. It brought home to a sornnolent
ing tod ay's force in being. It amounted to build-
populace th e und en iable fact th a t no nation can
rest on its la ureis and tha t maintenance of a posi- ing two forces on a budge t inadequate for one,
tion of world lea dership i something that rnu st be a task whi ch called for new breakthroughs in th e
art of fisca l accounting, a nd none were forthcom-
co ntinu a ll y nurtured .
m g.
It awakened the p ubli c to a new a wareness of
the need for a stro n g n a tion a l defen e, a nd it To the milita r y's p a rtner in defense, the a ircr aft
h a lted a r e trogressive tre nd in defen se th inking industry, the year was one of contradiction a nd
among tho e ch a Fgecl "' ith our n a tio n al sec urity. confusion. A t the start of the year, the indu stry
held a fairly stron g position. Employment was up,
It h e ra lded, too, the clavvn of an er a of space co n-
research a nd d evelopme nt was progressing a t a n
quest, Man's dream for a long· as he has had the
exce ll en t pace, a nd production was at a relatively
intellige n ce to co n sid er it.
high leveL Then came the budget squ eeze a nd
Even w ithout Sputnik, how ever, 1957 wo uld wit h it cancellations, cutbacks, stretchouts, a nd
h ave been a year to remember. It was a year reductions in progress payments which threw the
marked by both progress a nd prob lems. machinery of the n a tion's a ir arsenal out of sy n-
The commercia l air lin es found then1selves bese t chroniza t ion.
by continuall y ri sing costs in every phase of opera- And ye t, despite the problems, the industry can
tion , co upl ed with an un exp la in a ble traffic d ecl in e point with justifia ble pride to a great m any so lid
in the latter p art of th e yea r. t th e same time, ga ins during 1957. T .h is, th e 39 th ann u al ed ition
the turbine age of tran p ortation came a giant of the A ircr aft Year Book a nd the first under the
step closer as m a nufac turer entered th e final aegis of American Aviation Publica tions, details
phases of production on the new turb ine airliners those gains in a new format designed for easy assim-
on order. il a tion. Even the most casu a l perusal of th e pages
The major prob lem for th e airlines was how to to follow w ill bring h ome to the reader one strong
pay for so m e $2-billion worth of n ew eq uipment impression: that an indu stry w hich can boast the
in the face of declining revenues . In a n y other accomplishments covered herein und er the most
America n indu stry the an swer would h ave b een clifficul t of circumsta n ces need not accep t second
o b vious - r aise the price of the product. · H a nd- place in any tech nological race, provided it is given
cuffed by governme nt regulations, the airlin es the support it n eeds frorn the public a nd its gov-
co uld o nl y req u es t su ch a n increase a nd hope that ernment. The theme of thi s iss u e of th e Year Rook
1958 wo uld bring a way ou t of a major dilemma. is "Problems, but Progress."
 AI

..
"10 ".. "..
10 10
~
U)
..
(J) G) (J)

-
(J),
 ' .

1957 was a record-breaking year in all categories as man flew

faster, farther and higher than ever before.

NONSTOP ROUND-THE-WORLD

Three of five Boeing B-52 jet bombers landed in California on

Janu a ry 18 culmin ating the first nonstop jet flight around the
world. The 24,325-mile flight vvas accomplished in <15 hours
20 minutes, slashi r. g by one-half the previous record of 94 hours
set in 1949. Boeing KC-97's were used for aerial refueling.
Flight Commander was Major General Archie Old, Jr., Com-
mander, 15th Air Force at March AFB.

13
WEST-EAST RECORD
On January 28, the Lockheed YC-l21F Constellation set a west-east record for commer-
cial-type aircraft of 4 hours 41 minutes, Long Beach, California, to Andrews AFB, Mary-
land. The aircraft averaged 490 miles per hour over the 23 <10-mile route.

C 0 N T I N E N· T S P A N N E D

Prototype of Boeing 707, America's first jet airliner, arrives at Baltimore's Friendship Air-
port a fter completing nonstop flight from Seattle in 3 hours L18 minutes on March 11.
CONTINUOUS
BLIMP
FLIGHT

The record-breaking Nav y

blimp, ZPG-2\IV, app roaches ·
Boca Chica field upon com-
pletion o f its fli gh t. The 343-
foot Goodyear a irship se t a
n ew world record for con-
tinuou s flight-more tha n 300
h o urs-in mi.d-l\Tarch.

BALLOON HEIGHT
AND ENDURANCE

Air Force Captain ]. \ 1\T. Kittinger, Jr., in

a balloon, soared to an 18-mile record on
June 2. T wo months "later, Air Force Ma-
jor David Simons topped this record by
flying to I 02,200 feet for a high a ltitude
endurance record of 32 hours. Major
Simons is pictured here a t the peak of
his climb.

15
,VOODOO BREAKS THREE SPEED RECORDS

Air Force broke three speed records (previously held by Dougl as A3D
and Chance Vought F8U-l) on November 27 in McDonnell Voodoo
RF-101 jets (below). A new round-trip speed record of 6 hours <12 min-
utes 6.9 seconds was set by Captain Robert Sweet, who also set a new
east-west record of 3 hours 34 minutes 8.6 seconds. The new west-to-east
record of 3 hours 5 minutes 39.2 seconds was set by Lieutenant Gustav
B. Klatt~
DOUBLE RECORD

A Na , Dougla \ 3D twin jet atta k bomber

( left) cracked two peed record- in late :\ll arch,
fl ying ro und-trip, Los \.n geles- Ne'\ York in 9
hour 31 minute 35 .4 second for one ma rk, and
a t-west in 5 hour 14 minutes 5 seconds .

.~
• I

FSU-1 COAST-TO-COAST FLIGHT

On Jul y 16 a Navy Chance Vought Crusader FSU-1 (above) sped across

the continent to record the first of the year's two coast-to-coast records
at an average speed of 725.55 miles an hour. Marine Major John Glenn,
Jr., covered the 2<156-mile route from Los Angeles to New York in 3
h ours 23 minutes 8 and 4jl0ths seconds.

17
 .....·"
,
.,.o
JET TRANSPORT DISTANCE AND SPEED ••
.. ······~·:KAR
A new distance and speed record for transport-type jet aircraft ..··

was set on November 13 when a n Air Force Boeing KC-135 trans-

port-tanker flew from Buenos A ires to Washington, D. C., in 11
hours 5 minutes a t an average speed of 469.5 mi les per hour.
The distance was just over 5200 miles. General Curtis LeMay,
Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, was in command.

18
OPERATION FIRE WALL

ir For e !aimed a new world speed record on December 12

and cap ture I the Thompso n Trophy,, hen a McDo nnell F-101A,
flo"·n b ' Ma j o r \.dri an Drew, ch a lked up a n average speed of
1207.6 miles per hour a long a measured 10.1 -mile course a t
Ech\·ard AFB, Cali fo rni a. The Officia l interna tional speed
record held previously b y the British, was 11 32. 136 miles per
hotu-.

19
During the year, the industry honored the men responsible for the
remarkable advancement of aviation. Some of the major award-
winners are pictured on these pages.

BENDIX TROPHY

Pictured at the right, the Bendix Trophy is being awarded to Capta in

Kenneth D. Chandler by M. P. Ferguson, President of Bendix Aviation
Corp., while General Curtis E. LeMay (left), Vice Chief of Staff of the
Air Force, looks on. The Bendix Trophy Race this year >vas flown from
Chicago to Washington, D. C., in a Convair F-102 and the winning time
was 54:45.5 minutes at a speed of 679.053 miles per hour.

20
HARMON TROPHY
Lieutenant Colonel Frank E. Everest, Air Force (bottom
right), was design a ted the winner of the Hannon Inter-
national Trophy as Outstanding Aviator for his pioneer
wor k in rocket aircraft as Director of Experimental Flight
a t Edwards AFB, and as project director on the Bell X-2
research aircraft, which he flew at over 1900 miles per hour.
Lieutenant Commander :Malcolm D. Ross (bottom center)
and Lieutenant Comrnander Morton L. Lewis, USN (l:iot-
tom left), received the Outsta nding' Aeronaut (lighter-than-
air pilot) Award for their piloting of a m a nned balloon
to the unofficial record altitude of 76,000 feet in connection
wi th a study of effects of the upper atmosphere on men
a nd m a terial.

OCTAVE CHANUTE AWARD

The 1957 O ctave C hanute Award also went to Lieutenant
Colonel Frank Everest for "outstanding con tributions to
the development of rocket powered flight test techniques."

21
DR. ALEXANDER KLEMIN AWARD

For contributions to helicopter developm e nt during

his career a's a test pilot, the late Captain \ ;\fayne \IV .
Eggert, Air Force (left), was awarded the Dr. A lex-
ander Klemin Award by the American Helicopter
Society at its annual Honors Night Dinner in \1\Tash-
ington, D. C.

KOSSLER AWARD

Robert Suggs (above), President of Petroleum Helicop-

ters, received the Kossler Award for the "most outstand-
ing practical application o£ the helicopter" £01~ his ex-
tensive development w ork in the use of helicopters in
off-shore drilling operations.

DANIEL GUGGENHEIM MEDAL

For "notable achievements in the advancement of

aeronautics," Arthur E. Raymond (left), Vice Presi-
dent, Engineering, Douglas Aircraft Co., received the
1957 Danie'l Guggenheim Medal.
MA CKAY TROPHY

Captain Ive n C . Kincheloe, Jr., was aw arded the Ail' Force's Mackay
Troph y £or 1956 in May 1957 for "accomplishing the most meritorious
fligh t" of 1956 b y a member of the Air Force, as a result o£ his altitude-
record-se tting flight (126,200 feet) in the Bell X-2 research aircraft.
 HONORED AT WRIGHT BROTHERS DINNER

At the annual Wright Brothers ·M emorial Dinner in VVashington on December 17, these
men were honored: the CollieT TTOphy was presented to Vice Admiral James S. Ru ssell
(top left), Navy, and Charles ]. McCarthy, (top right), ·Chairma n of the Board, Chance
Vought Aircraft, Inc., for development of the FSU Crusader; Edwin A. Link (bottom
right), Chairman of the ·Board, Link Aviation, Inc., was recipient of the BTeweT Troph y
for development of simulators and other devices, and establishment of Link Found at ion;
and the · Wright BTOthers Nlemo!·ial TmjJhy was awarded to Senator W. Stuart Symington
(D., Mo.) (bottom left) for his many contrib~Itions to aviation over a number of yea rs.

24
H. H. ARNOLD AWARD SPERRY AWARD

The A ir Force ssociation 's H. H. Arnold The La"~>Hence \.. Sperry Award was presented to
Award went to Edward P. Curtis for his out- George F. Jude (right), Director of Flight Control
standing contributions " throu gh analysis and Engineering a t Sperry Gyroscope Co., b y Dr. Ed-
planning of a climate in which U.S. au-power ward R. Sharp, President of the Institute of Aero-
can grow and flourish." Curtis was al so named n autica l Sciences, for his "significant contribution
"Aviation Man o£ the Year" at the Associa- to adva ncement of precision automatic flight con-
tion 's 'golden anniversary convention m trol a nd safe all-weather flight."
\1\Tashington in August.

SAE WRiGHT BROTHERS

MEDAL

The 1956 SAE \ 1\Tright Brothers M ed al was T H ·o M P S 0 N T R 0 P H Y

presented in A pri l, 1957, to C. H. Zimmer- Major Adrian E. Drew was wi nner of the Thomp-
m a n, J a tional Ad visory Committee for A ero- son Trophy by fl yir;g his McDonnell F-IOl A Voo-
nautics, for his p a p er entitled "Som e Gen eral doo to a new world speed record of 1207.6 miles
Considera tion s Co ncerning VTO L Aircraft." per hour on December 12.
TURBINE PROGRESS
America's turbine-powered transports came a step closer to passenger
service during the year.

707
STRATOLINER
First production nwclel of the
600-mile-an-hour Boeing 707
Jet Stratoliners was rolled out
from the Boeing plant in
Renton, ~T ashington, in lat e
October. It w ill be delivered
to Pan American after flight
testing and is clue to go in to
service in early 1959.

DC-8

Final assembly operations on the

Douglas DC-8 jetliner were tak-
ing place at year-end and the
first flight was expected early in
1958. First deliveries o£ the 180-
passenger, 5000 mile nonstop
jetliner were scheduled for early
1959.
 ELECTRA

Decernber saw th e first flight of Lockheed's turbo-prop

Electra (left) at Burbank, California-one month
ahead of schedu le. Slated for extensive testin g, L ock-
heed aimed for CAA certification by September 30,
1958.

880
Convair's 880 (right) jet p assenger tran ·port vvas
in production at the San Diego plant at year-
end. This medium-range a ircraft ,., ill cruise at
615 miles p er hour at altitudes up to 40,000 feet.

F-27 FRIENDSHIP

Months of planning and preparation brought out the first F-27 propjet liner, Fairchild's bid to capture the
ferti le medium-range transport field. The aircraft -vvas being put through ground tests at year-enc~ in prep-
a ration for a February flight.

~
F-27
SUPERSONIC BOMBER
During the year, Convair entered into production on th e world's first l'viach 2 bo mber. T h e draw ing h ere
shows detachable "pod" seconds after its release from the B-58 Hustler.

DELTA DART

The C onvair F-106A all-weather interceptors were a 3signed for operational use~with the Air Defense Com-
mand . H ere the Delta Dart touches down after maiden test flight in September.

I ~tR FORCE
IU-
 JETSTAR

The Lockheed ] e tStaT jet utility transport (be-

low) , po" erecl by two Bristol Orpheus engines,
'' as undergoing instrumented aerial tests at year-
encl. Second prototype will use four GE ]85 or .
Fairchild ]83 engines.

TT-1 PINTO

The first production model of Ternco's TT-l

primary jet trainer is sho·wn (below) at Temco's
Dallas plant being accepted by Navy's Lieuten-
ant Cornmancler P. vV. Kerr. The Pinto was de-
signed for a new training concept-all-jet flying
for naval cadets.

THUNDERCHIEF
Republi 's F- 105 T hunderchi e£ fighter-bomber
(above) was slated fo r service with . ir Force
T ac tica l Air Cornmand. Some of th e desig n
innova tion , like the uniqu e swept-forward air
inlet du cts, are visible in thi s unusual photo of
the Thunde1:chi ef go in g tra ig h t up. This plane
made its first public appearance in March.

29
 Not only dramatic new planes, but the engines that powered them, made
news during 1957.

GE TWINS
General Electric introduced its CJ-805, light-weight high-thrust turbojet,
which will find its first application in the Convair 880 jetliner. The
military ·version, the ]79, which powers the Convair B-58, Lockheed
F-l04A and other military aircraft, is in the 10,000-pouncl thrust class.

30
WESTINGHOUSE JS4

\ .Ve tin gh o u e took the wraps off its J54 turbojet engine, the
result of a compan spo n sored de\ elopment program.

CURTISS-WRIGHT ZEPHYR

The Curtiss-'Wri:ght TJ 38 Zephyr was demonstra ted publicly in

!VIay. It features a very l 0vv noise le ve l.
 A LL ISON-AEROPRODUCTS TEAM

Certification of the Allison 501-Dl3 Prop-jet engine and Aeroproducts 606 Turbo-propeller
during 1957 launched Allison Division of General Motors i nto the "home stretch " phase of
the first flight of the Allison-powered Lockheed Electra.

32
LIGHTWEIGHT ENGINE

Pictured above is the Lycoming T55 en gine in a test cell.

This engine, in both turboprop and helicopter ersions, is
li ghtest American a ircraft engine ever to a hieve 1 650-pl us
. ·,, , len t shaft horsepower.
eq u 1 ' 1

PRODUCT I ON
NOW IN
. . _ o us co mmercial certifi cation of the Pra tt & vVhitne·)'
Sin·Ju 1tane .
. t) ,111 cl ]7 5 (left) engmes by CAA OJ)ened the way
1
J57 ( ng 1 , . . . . . : - . . ,.., ~ .
. . . of these eng tnes to Boemg Em Its tOt senes and
lor de 1tvet y
Dou g las for th e DC-8.
 \
VERTICAL FLIGHT
Intensified activity in the helicopter field and important strides in VTOL
and STOL flight during 1957 were indications of the growing importance
of vertical flight.
 JET VERTICAL RISING AIRCRAFT

The \ir Force's pure j e t \ TOL research pla ne, the

R )a n X-13 ertijet (bottorn), an d Bell's X-14- (top) ,,·ere
both su cces fully flight-tested in mid-yeaL The X-13
took off ' e rti call, a nd made tra n sitions to high speed
horizontal flight. The X-14- hove red a nd fle" con ve n-
tionall y.

PRESIDENT EISENHOWER
GETS
HELICOPTER SERVICE

Aviat ion history vvas m ade Ju1 12, 1957,

when President Eisenhovv er and sta ff Inem-
bers climbed into two Bell h elicopters
(J-I-47 J's) 'o n the White House la wn a nd
were whi sked away to a secre t sp ot as part
of civil defense exercises. The even t marked
th e first time an American presid en t ever
h a d flown in a h eli cop ter or a single-engine
aircraft.
PILOTLESS HELICOPTER FLIGHT

L a te in July, a pilotless heli cop ter flight was made at Kaman A ircraft, adding the 'copte r 's uniqu e capa-
bilities to the ranks of gu ided missiles a nd drone air p la n es. Directed by r ad io s ig n a ls fr om a co ntro l sta-
tion on the gr ound, the r obo t helicopter took off vertically, h ove red, flew forward, backward, sicl e " ·a rd <mel
l a nded.

li

Jill I
It (' 'I
ll ft Vt
II~{ If tl •'lt /F1
BELL'S NEW SUPERPOWERED H-40

Cu lmin a tin g two years o{ d evelopment, Bell's 1--:l- ·:!0 utility helicopter
was successfully tested jn '57 . T h e H-~HJ has a top speed o[ 150 miles ...
per hour, ca n ca rry troops, litters or cargo, climbs vertica ll y at a rate
o f 2000 feet pe r mi11u te front sea leve l and ha s a range of more than
200 miles with Lull p ayloa d.

37
TILT-WING AIRCRAFT DEVELOPED

Late in the year, Vertol Aircraft Corp. completed its Mode l 76 tilt-wing research an--
craft, funded by the Army and developed in cooperation with the Office of Naval Re-
search. A lso, in Palo Alto, California, Hiller Helicopters continued development. of its
X-18 Propelloplane.
ONE-MAN
HELICOPTER S FLY

On Ja.n uar 1 1, Nav a nno unced ucce s-

ful Oi g ht of Hille r's Rotor cle (ri o-ht)
a collap ible a nd readil ' portab le on e-
man h eli or ter. A lso during 1957, the
G ro clyn e Compan co mpl e ted a eries
of su e e fu l flights of the X RO N-1
Rotorc cle po' ·erecl b a Por cbe J 600
cc a utomobile engine. Th.i one-man
helicopte r was de ve loped und er a Bu . er
contract for u e by the Marine Corp .

ARMY AERIAL JEEPS

During the sumnier, Army awarded

three contracts for ducted fan aerial
jeeps, which wi ll combine the ~ersa tility
·of conventional jeeps with the capabili-
ties o( hovering and fligl~t. Three com-
panies in volved : Curtiss-,t\Tright subsidi-
ary, Aeroph ysics Development Corp.;
Chrysler Corp.; a nd Piasecki Aircraft
Corp.

39
 VERTOL TWIN-TURBINE 105 FLIES

First flight of the 105, using u.vo Lycoming T53B 's, took pla ce a t Mo rton ,
Pennsy lvania, on November 20. The two engines ca n be used as a r et rofit
o n the Vertol H-21 g ivin g it a 50 percent in crease in sp eed and a substantia l
increase in payload.

40
HUGHES PROTOTYPE MODEL 269

D u r in g the yea r, the H ug he i\I ocle l 269 Jig 1t n1 o-p lace h e licop ter p ro totyp e m ade its
. 11t an d tl· 1e moe1e 1 wa r·ec·le .t·?"r1ed
fiu st A1g , fo1·· tJrocltt cti.o n o f: a n eva lu a tt.OI1 q u antit)'·

NEW RESEARCH VERTIPLANE

Earl y in D ecember, fir t ph otographs of a uniqu e r esearch a irpla ne, d esign ed to take
off a nd Ja11cl ve rti ca ll y, h over and Hy for ward, were released b y the A rmy, Navy, and
R ya n Aeron autica l Compan y. T h e Ve rtipl a ne is a level-lift desig n , con ventional in
a p pear a n ce.
 TEN YEARS AGO . .

This is ,the rocket-powered Bell X-1 supersonic research airplane which

introduced the "Rocket Age" ten years ago by flying faster than the speed
of sound. The X-1 smashed the sonic barrier October 14, 1947, over Muroc
Dry Lake, California. Speed on the first supersonic flight -vvas 670 miles
per hour.

42
FIFTEEN YEARS AGO . . . .

T h e Bell X P-59 A iracomet, America's first jet-propelled airplane, made its

initial flight at Muroc AFB, California, in October, 1942. It was powere_9
by two General Electric jet engines.

43
0

THIRTY YEARS ACO . . . .

. h flew solo
. lb erg
In his single-engine R ya n Spirit of St. Louis, Charles L me
, from New York to Paris on TVIay 21, 1927 , making the trip in slightl~ 1ess
than 33 hours 30 minutes. Thirty years later to the clay, Major Robxnson
Risner took off from McGuire AFB in New Jersey in his Air Force-North
A · s uper sa b re and flew a sli ghtly longer course lll
· 6 hours 38
mencan
minutes.
FIFTY YEARS AGO . . . .

T he 1957 Air Force Association's National Convention climaxed the celebration of

th e Golden A nniversary of the Air Force. Shown is the Air Force family portrait,
vvhich was the highlight of the Anniversary Banquet at the Sheraton-Park Hotel .._
A u g u st 1, 1957, left to right: First Row: Dr. Theodore VonKarman, M j Sgt. Horst Tit.C-
tel, Gen. Na tha n F . Twining, Brig. Gen. Frank P. Lahm, 2nd Lt. Dennis R. La-
Farlette, M rs. Henry U. Arnold, Gen. Carl A. Spaatz and Maj. Charles E. Yeager.
Second Row: Gen. Erik Nelson, Lt. Col. James Jabara, Gen. George C. Kenney, Jac-
qu eline Cochra n , Ge n. Thomas D. ·white, Eddie Rickenbacker, Col. Oakley G. Kelly
and Co1. Joh n Macready. Third Row: C )I. Francis S. Gabreski, Edna A dkins, Sena-
tor 'N. Stuart Symin g ton, Secretary of the A ir Force Ja"mes H. Douglas, Gen . Claire
L. C hennault and Maj . James B. Gallagher. Fourth Row: Col. Paul Tibbets, Col.
Bernt Balche n, Ge n. \ tVilliam H. Tunner, Gen. Thomas D. i'viilling, J a mes Kindel-
berger, Ge n. O tto P. 'Weyland and Roscoe Turner.

45
It was a year of greatly increased activity in guided weapons. Here are
some of the highlights.

INFRARED SIDEWINDER

Now in operation a l status with the fleet, the Navy's Sidewinder features a
Genera l Electric infrared guidance system which detects and homes on he at
radiation from targets.

- -- ·-- . :oziio -
 SUPERSONIC MISSILE TARGET
For te tin g m iss ile accuracy, Lo ckheed A ircraft Corporation clevel-
ped the Q-5, a 39-foot Mach 2 target c!Tone which can be recovered
b · par a hute.

SNARK AND
RASCAL TO SAC
SepteJnber aw the ac tiva tion of
the ftrst mis il e squ a dron in the
S tra teo·ic .A ir Comma nd with in-
"'
trocluction of I orthrop 's Snark
missile (right) . Bell A ircra ft's
Rascal (below) e nter ed S \C
se rv ice late in the year.

47
REDSTONE ON DUTY

Army Redstone m.issile (below) went on

active duty with activation of the 40th
Field Artillery :M issile Group. The 69-foot
Redstone, a surface-to-surface ·weapon, has
a range of 200 miles.

RE-ENTRY TESTS

Successful re-entry tests were accomplished by Lock-

heed's X-17 test vehicle (above) which reached a
speed of 9000 miles per hour.
PROJECT FARSIDE
A ten-po und in tr umen t pa kao-e cap a ble o · telemetering scientific info.rm a tion was
b la ted far be , nd the a t.rno ph er e in O cto ber by a four-stage rocket 'ehicle. Air Force's
Offi e o( S ie ntifi c R esea r h ,,-a un ab le to detenn ine the precise distance of space pene-
tra tion , but it was b eli eel the yehicl e re acl1 ecl a n altitude ben.veen 2000 a nd 4000
mile .

49
BOMARC INTO PRODUCTION

The A ir Force ordered the Boein g Bomarc (left) in to

produ cti on for a ir d efe nse. The lo ng-ra nge missi le ca n
be equipped ·w ith eith er a co n ve n tion a l or "specia l" (i.e.,
nu clear) wa rhe ad.

ANTI-TANK DART

The Dart (above) , a five-foot a nti-tank missile which

fea tu res a smok eless propella nt, was successfully· tested
a nd production started by U ti ca-Bencl Corporation.
 •

FIRST NUCLEAR AIR-TO-AIR MISSILE

D oLwlas G e nie, an air-to- a ir mis ile \- ith an atomic warhead, was fired in July from a Nor throp F-89]
fighte r interceptor_ Five Air Force officer stood directly beneath the blast to demonstrate lack of "fall out_"

VACUUM
TEST
CHAMBER

Space-su i ted eng i ne er

reached a simulated al ti-
t ude of 95 m i les in a vacu-
um charnber developed by
Litton Indu s tries, Inc.,
Beverly Hills, California.
Chamber's primary use is
to test missile components
under near -va cuun1 condi-
tions.
51
REGULUS II

Initial tests ·were made of ChancE Vought's Regulu s II , a larger, fas ter and lon ger-r a nging ver-
sion of Regulus I already in fleet service.

NIKE-HERCULES

The Army brought to operational status an improved an defense missile, the Nike-Hercules.
Weapon" was jointly developed by Douglas Aircraft Company and \IV estern Electric. It incor-
porates a Thiokol solid propellant sustainer unit.
MATADOR COMES BACK
\ i\!Iarti n Matador floats gently to earth 111 a test of a controls-and-drag-chute kit .
developed to recover test missiles and target drones.

53
BALLISTIC MISSILES

Major interest was focused on development of the a ll-

important intermed iate range and intercontinental bal-
listic missiles, th e Army-Ch rys ler Jupiter (left), the Air-
Force-Douglas Thor (bottom right) and the Air Force-
Convair Atlas (bottom left). Jupiter and Thor d emon-
strated exceptiona l accuracy in tests during the year
after a few early fai lures. At las was fired three times,
once successfully. A ll tests were conducted at the Air
Force M issile Test Center, Patrick A ir Force Base, Flo-
rida. Late in the year, Jupiter and Thor ,., ere ordered
into production, with initi al deliveries to both U. S. a nd
NATO forces scheduled for late 1958. In earlier stages
of development were the USAF-lVIart in Titan, second of
the ICBM's, and the Navy-Lockheed Polaris, an "FR~v["
(Fleet Ballistic Missile) of intermed iate range with
submarine launching capability.
 - .....- -

SATELLITES

In the ·wake of successful Sputnik launchings by

the U.S.S.R., American scientists were hard at
'
work in efforts to match the Russian achievem.ent.
First a ttern pt, with the N avy-Tviartin Vanguard ve-
hicle, was unsuccessful as a malfunction of the first
stage propulsion unit d es troyed the vehicle on the
launching pacL A t year-end, a second Vanguard
was being readi ed for l aunching of a small, trans-
mitting test p ack age. Plans called for firing of an
instrumen ted satellite in March. vVorking on a
parallel program, the Army's Redstone Arsenal was
readying a Jupiter C sa tellite vehicle.

55
 Space limitations prevent including all of the important developments in
the field of systems and components. Those reviewed here are repre-
sentative of the entire industry .

AUTOMATIC
LANDING
SYSTEM

Bell Aircraft's highly mobile

Automat ic Carrier Landing Sys·
tem uses a cornbination of radio
a nd radar to effect com.p lete ly
automat ic landing under a ll
wea ther condition s.

ELECTRONIC FLASH
APPROACH SYSTEM

A line of Hashing lights which

guide a pilot to the center of the
runway was developed by Sylvania
Electric Products, Inc. of New
York. The new system reconci les
approach and lighting demand of
tbe civil airlines and the Air Force.

56
ARCTIC DEW LINE

Pictured h ere is a typica l a uxiliary station of the ea rly-

wa rnin g r ad ar sys tem , sh owing th e modula r constru c tion
o f th e build in g tra in, the p las ti c r a d o rne w hich houses
th e sea rch r a d a r antenn a, a nd asso ciated tower a nd dish-
typ e co mrnuni ca tion a ntenn a e . Bui lt for the A ir Force
by \ t\Testern Electric C o., In c., A r ctic DE\1\T Line "\.vas
co mple ted in 1957 .

AVCO SHOCK TUBE

C rea tio n o f a shock tube b y A vco R esear ch . L a bor a tory

led to the theoreti ca l shortcut th a t permitted n ose co n e
d es ign to go ahea d rapidly b e fore actu al fli ght tes t
info rm a tion w as ava il a ble . Sh ock tub e experime nts cou -
pl ed with A ir Force fli ght t es ts w ith L ockheed 's X -1 7
r e-e n try tes t vehi cle h ave b ee n th e pr in cipa l sources of
su ch d at<\.

57
AERIAL BOBSLED

A new aerial bobsled ejection

seat for jet aircraft, which pro-
jects the pilot feet-first and on
his back into the supersonic air-
stream, was developed by Con-
vair.
SUPERSONIC ESCAPE

Sa[e escape from co mb a t a ircra ft traveling m o re th a n 1500

mil es per hour is th e objec tive of this pilot ejec tion sys tem
(belo"·) d eveloped b Lockh eed ircraft Corp. The sys tem
is act u a ll y a parachute-equipped sea t with " ·in gs and ta il fin s
fo r ae rodynamic sta bility.

GROUND LEVEL EJECTION

A major step in gaining the ultim a te in safety for pilots of

high performance military a ircraft was d emonstra ted with
the ejec tion of a young British flyer from a Grumm a n Navy
jet fighter that had just left the ground equipped with a new
type ejection seat (right).

' ... 0::.. I

 DUCTED- PROPElLER AIRCRAFT

JET- POWERED VTOL

XV-3 CONVERTIPLANE

··':;...--

XH-40 TURBINE- POWERED HELICOPTER

BELL AIRCRAFT has kept pace with the need for

greater operational mobility and flexibility in both
military and commercial aviation by developing
four basic types of VTOL (vertical-take-off-and-
landing) aircraft-
Studies and development work on a ducted
propeller prototype have advanced to a point
where this new design concept is fast approach-
ing reality at Bell. The X-14 uses new principles
of jet propulsion to take off and land vertically
with the airframe in a normal horizontal position.
The XV-3 convertiplane takes off like a helicopter,
but as its rotors tip forward in flight, it becomes a
normal, fixed wing aircraft. Tl:e XH-40 turbine-
powered helicopter has substantially increased
speed and payload and the ability to use a wide
range of fuels.
The skillful and imaginative type of research
which was the forerunner of these projects is be-
ing carried steadily forward at Bell Aircraft in the
interest of still further scientific advancements in
the commercial and military aircraft of tomorrow.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT and PRODUCTION IN THE FIELDS OF: Guided Missiles. Research Aircraft •
Servomechanisms • Electronics • Rocket Engines • Electronic Control Devices • Vertical Rising Aircraft
60
M. STEINTHAL
AND COMPANY, INC.
ESTABLISHED 1883

ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICES

BALLISTIC CONTROL OF SUPERSONIC VEHICLES

RECOVERY SYSTEMS
TRAJECTORY CONTROL OF HEAVY WEIGHTS
AIRCRAFT DECELERA.TION
RETRACTABLE PARACHUTE SYSTEMS
PERSONNEL PARACHUTES
AIRCRAFT SAFETY EQUIPMENT
SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT
AERIAL DELIVERY PARACHUTES
ESCAPE CAPSULES
TECHNICAL SERVICES
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

AERONAUTICAL
EQUIPMENT RESEARCH CORP.
A DIVISION OF M. STEINTHAL & CO., INC •.

DAYTON OFFICE WEST COAST OFFICE

NEW YORK OFFICE
2 71 Termin al Bldg ., 137 Oregon St.
22 2 Fourth Avenue
New York 3, N.Y. Dayton Municipal Airport El Segundo, Calif.
vandali a, Ohio

61
 Complete ability to serve
the Aviation,
Missiles and Defe11se Industries

62
A THOUSAN D PRODU~-~A MILLION IDEAs ·
AVIATIO N CORPORATION

We believe it is a matter of fact that n o company was expended on these functions in 1957.
anywhere is more completely equipped t o ser ve the PRODUCTION FACILITIES- Twenty-seven widely
a v iation, missiles and defense industries t han B endix dispersed manufacturing facilities located coast to
Aviation. These ·are the assets at y om· disposal: coast employing 50,000 people.
EXPERIENCE- We were born and raised with the SYSTEMS PLANNING - The B endix Sy stems Divi-
aircraft industry. Our particular abiJ!ty to anticipate sion, Ann Arbor, Mich-
its needs is a direct result of experience. It's some- igan, functions to
thing you can't buy on the open market. coordinate systems work
MANPOWER-Over 9,000 engineers, scientists and and to give you a single,
technicians with as broad a range of abilities as centrally located contact.
any group in the country. These are the fa cilities .
ENGINEEIUNG & RESEARCH- Over $ 100 million \Vhat are y om· problem s?

63
64
• • .choose Simmonds products 1
ELECTRONIC • HYDRAULIC • MECHANICAL
Lightweight Pacitron Fuel Gage Systems: temperatu re extremes, etc. Proved in millions
Fuel measurement and management systems of ;niles of service on_ a~rcraft engines, pres-
incorporating latest technological improve- sunzed doors and ~ec1ahzed applications.
ments. Consistent reliability and dynamic prog-
Cowling and Access Latches: lleavy duty
ress are typified by the Load Limit Control,
flush fitting aircraft latches for installation
C enter of Gravity Control and new True Mass
on cowlings and access panels. Two-piece
~uel G aging System. Specification of P acitron
toggle type, available to fit a wide range of
m la:est n:ilitary and commercial aircraft em-
phasizes Simmonds' continued leadership. structural curvatures; for attachment of plastic
radomes, etc.
Simmonds SU Fuel Injection Systems: The
?nly advan_ced t y pe fuel injection system now Liquid Level Sensing Systems: Working
1~ product10n for medium h.p. gasoline en-
independently of the fuel gage system this
gmes, the SU System has been proven in field thermistor sensing system indicates accu;ately
tests to give economies up to 25%. Eliminates the precise time at which fuel, oil or other
icing problems, gives improved cold starts. liquid goes above or below any designed level.
It also automatically stops or starts pumps or
Precision Push-Pull Controls: Simmonds valves to transfer the liquid from one tank to
Push-Pull Controls are positive, precise and another. The system is rugged, has no tubes or
rugged . Capable of heavy loa ds and accurate moving parts, is light and compact. Opera tes
operation under vibration, continuous cycling, on military aircraft fuels and oils.

Si1~1Y1onds
AEROCESSORIES, INC.
General Offices: Tarrytown, New York
Branch Offices: Detroit, Michigan • Dayton, Ohio • Washington, D.C.
Dallas, Texas • Wichita, Kansas • Glendale, California • Seattle, Washington
Sole Canadian Licensee: Simmonds Aerocessories of Canada Limited • Montreal

65
 What's Doing at United Aircraft?
PRATT & \NHITNEV AIRCRAFT

J-75 J-57 T-34 R-2800

Jet engines for many types of modern U.S. military aircraft ... Commercial jet engines (JT3 and JT4)
for Boeing 707s, 720s and Douglas DC-Bs ordered by U. S. and foreign airlines. Turboprop engines
for large military transports. R-2800 piston engines for today's modem airliners.

HAMILTON STANDARD
~
~

PROPELLERS JET AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS

Hydromatic propellers for current airline installations throughout the free world . . . Hydromatic
and Controllable propellers for many types of military aircraft. Equipment (starters, fuel controls,
air conditioning systems, pumps, valves) for more than 50 types of turbine-powered aircraft and mis-
siles. Electronic products for missiles and manned aircraft.

SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT

S-55 S-58 S-56

Helicopters for the armed forces of the U.S. and most of the free world, for industrial operators flying
on all continents, and for scheduled passenger, cargo, and mail service in the U. S. and Europe.

In all divisions of United Aircraft, facilities are being expanded. The large corporate
investment in the facilities and extensive research and development activities are repre-
sentative of the emphasis being placed on planning for the future.

United Aircraft Corporation

EAST HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT

66
ARTWORK BA SED O N OFFI C IA L U . S. N AVY PHO TO GRA P H

NEW HORIZON·S ARE AHEAD FOR MANNED AIRCRAFT

N o matter how far man's technical ability may far that they will be the forerunners of manned
soar , he himself has one faculty that no machine spacecraft. They will be able to bomb any target
·will ever duplicate-the ability to make a command on earth with pinpoint precision- or to launch a
decision ... to meet an emerge11cy or make the most missile from the edge of space.
of an opportunity . · Such aircraft are now being developed at North
This unique power - implemented by higher American. To this vital task North American brings
performance airplanes -may very well m ak e the the experience gained in building more supersonic
manned aircraft of the future our most versatile, aircraft than all other companies combined.
flexible, accurate weapon. In manned and unmanned aircraft ... in rocket
Though the new strategic missiles will be mighty engines ... in automatic control systems ... in
buttresses to our nation's defense, we also need nuclear reactors ... North American Aviation and
1nnnnecl weapon systems for maxinntm security. its divisions are constahtly forging ahead into the
These new aircraft will fly so fast, so high, so fields of the future.

N A E I A . A
Los Angeles, Canoga Park, Downey, California; Columbus, Ohio; Neosho,
w k_~
Missou r i

67
 AMERICA'S "BIG STICK," the Boeing B-52 nuclear weapons carrier_ It is the
fastest, most advanced bomber now in service. B-52 jet bombers hold the
round-the-world nonstop record, 4-5 hours, 19 minutes, and are the spear-
head of the Strategic Air Command's long-range retaliatory defense force.

BOEING BOMARC IM-99, supersonic long-range defense missile. Part of a

complete, Boeing-managed weapon system, it is launched automatically, and
is capable of seeking out and destroying approaching enemy aircraft before
th !Y reach U. S. borders. Now in production for the Air Defense Command.

AMERICA'S FIRST JETLINER, the 707-and its shorter-range sister ship, the
720-by Boeing, world's most experienced builder of multi-engine jet air-
craft. First deliveries of the 707 will be made in 1958. First 600-mile-an-hour
Boeing 707 service will be offered by famous airlines in 1959.
BOEING KC-135 is both aerial tanker f
jet bombers and fiahters and J. et-age AG_J:
b ' ~l.t·
Force transport. The KC-135 holds ·
transport nonstop-without-refueling l' Jet
ord: 6,350 miles over indirect routes fr~C­
Westover AFB, Mass., to Buenos Airetl)
Air Force made return 5,204-mile flight ts.
0
W ashington ; D. C. in 11 hours, 5 minute
s.

68
Revolutionary design ... and accuracy to ~o per hour FEATURES

Low Random Drift

In a fully maneuverable twin gyro is m aterially reduced due to exceed-
pl a tform utilizing completely new gyro ingly low drift inertial heading feature. Inertial H eading
design principles, Sperry has achieved T he ine rtial heading output permits Great Circle or Rhumb Lin e Output
unprecedented accurac ies in heading it h er Great Circle or Rhumb Line No Gimbal Error
information and all-attitude fli ght. The fli gb t paths. Low Turning Error
flist of these new Sperry systems will The compactness of the twin gyro Multiple Roll-Pitch -Heading Output
soon be delivered to the Air Force's system m akes it extremely reliable and Compact
Wright Air Development Center. easy to maintain. No warm-up period is Rugged
This Sperry system provides azimuth required due to the balanced thermal No Warm-up Tim.e
drift rate as low as 1/ 4 ° per hour , and construction and the absence of fluids.
Light Weight
in the vertical axis, 1/10° per min- The twin gyro platform has been de-
signed to provide control information Platform ....... .... ......... .. ... .... . IS lbs.
ute. The use of twin directional gyros
and new design technique permits thi s for complete an d full maneuverability Servo Amplifiers and } ········ ···8 lbs.
of high-performance aircraft without Heading Computer
extreme accuracy as it minimizes the
disturbance torques inherent in con- limit. Its full stabilization in all atti-
ventional gyros. The low drift in the tudes makes it especially adaptable for AERONAUTICAL EQUIPMENT DIVISION

SP(R RYG'!~S::,! ;~~~!"

vertical axis minimizes turning error- Low Altitude Bombing Systems, fighter
permits freedom from erection control maneuvers a nd missile applications.
for longer periods of time.
Coupled with doppler radar naviga- Write our Aeronautical Equipment
tors, the CEP (Circular Error Probable) Division for furth er information. DIVISION OF SPE RRY RAND COF<PORATION

69
 Continental, a great name in power, offers
advanced development and modern manu-
facture to those requiring turbine power
plants for helicopters, fixed wing air-
craft, or ground applications. The models
pictured are now ·in production.

THE NEW AGE OF SPACE IS HERE

0 In today's Air Force, men with technical training are flnding
Opportunity with a capital "0." Security, advancement, regular
0 pay increases, and retirement offer strong inducements to the
qualified enlistee. For the facts, address: Airman Information,
0 U. S. Air Force, P.O. Box 7608, Washington 4, D. C.

CONTINENTAL AVIATION & ENGINEERING CORPORATION

12700 KERCHEVAL AVENUE, DETROIT 15, MICHIGAN
SUBSIDIARY OF CONTINENTAL MOTORS CORPORATION

70
 On June 15, 1913, with its
designer-builder, Allan
Lockheed, at the pilot's
controls, the first plane to
bear the Lockheed name
made a 20-minute flight
over San Francisco Bay-at
a speed of 60 mph.
Today's Lockheed X-17-
tbe U.S. Air Force's fastest
missile-can rocket its way
from sea level high into the
ionosphere, to the dark
edge of outer space, in less
than one minute.
Lockheed, now deeply en-
gaged in electronics, nu-
clear research, ultrasonic
aerodynamics, missile tech-
nology, rocketry, and outer
space investigation, will
continue in the years ahead
to make important contri-
butions to every phase of
flight. Other projects to
which Lockheed scientists
are also dedicated will
broaden man's knowledge
of the unknown and enrich
From the peoples of the world.

San Francisco LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT

CORPORATION *
to the dark edge
*The present Lockheed Aircraft
ol outer space Corporation, which bought the
previous Lockheed company in
1932, is one of America's 100
largest industrial companies.

LOCKHEED
znea.ns .leadership

71
 L POWER

MODEL 0-470-K

Behind the growing dependence on air-

planes as adjuncts to business is the fact
NO. WT. FUEL that for company after company they are
MODEL HP RPM CYL. COMPLETE OCTANE more than paying their way. As ptoneer
A65 .. ....... . .. ... . 65 2300 4 168 80 / 87 and leader in utility aircraft power, Con -
C90 . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . 90 2475 4 184 80 / 87
0-300-A&8 .. . . . ... . 145 2700 6 287 80 / 87 tinental Motors finds solid satisfaction tn
*0-470 - 15 . . . . . . 213 2600 6 405 80 / 87
its role as engine source for the outstanding
0 • •••

G0-300 . .. . . . . . .. .. . 175 3200 6 312 80 / 87

0-526 . . .. .... . .. . . 225 2300 6 428 80 / 87 planes of this type. It has every reason to
*0-470- 13A .. . .. . .. . 225 2600 6 415 80 / 87
*0-470-2 . .... .. . . . . . 250 2600 6 474 100/ 130 believe that the performance of these
0-470-K&l. .. .. . . . . . 230 2600 6 404 80 / 87
0-470-M . . . . . . .... . 240 2600 6 409 91 / 96 engines -their power, economy and depend-
I0-470-C . .. . . . .. .. . 250 2600 . 6 432 91 / 96
FS0-526-A. (Helicopter) 270 3200 6 568 91 / 96
ability as proven in thousands of hours of
G0 -526 ....... . , . , .. 290 3200 6 408 80 / 87 flying-has been not only a major factor in
GS0-526-A . . . . . .. .. . ·320 3000 6 523 91 / 96
* For military use. the leadership of those aircraft, but one
destined to assure their ever-wider use.

72
 Giani landing gear lest facility is 60 feet high. It simulates conditions that heavy, high-speed planes actually meet.

BENDIX SHOOTS LANDINGS INDOORS·

TO HELP PRODUCE BETTER LANDING GEAR SYSTEMS
When designing and producing com- All major components that make up that have been designed, engineered
plete landing gear systems it is vitally the system such as control valves, nose and tested to \-vork together give better
important to know in advance just how wh eel steering, retractor actuators, and more dependable performance
every component part will respond to the power braking as well as wheels, brakes, than any arbitrary assembly system.
stresses and strains of flight conditions. shock absorbing struts and even tires So, when it comes to gear for land-
That's why the giant landing gear are subjected to repeated tests of brak- ing, think and plan in terms of a com-
testing equipment pictured above plays ing, dropping, twisting and vibration plete landing gear system. Then, we
such an important part in the develop- before final approval. suggest you think of Bendix and Bendix
ment and production of Bendix* com- For Bendix has proven over many Products Division at South Bend,
plete landing gear systems. years that landing gear components Indiana. *REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.:

Ber1dix PRODUCTS
DIVISION South Bend, INn.
 ,
!VOH/ YOL/ I I O N T

THE F.,IOS
Furious speed . .. smashing primal power . . . overwhelming

persuader for peace, this new Thundercraft*, more than any

other ... is designed to deliver Tactical Air Command's com -

posite air strikeforce knockout punch at any target, any time!

FARMIN G DAlE , tONG ISlAND , N Y.

74
 Model Numbers ... . .......... CM-710 CM-350 CM-160
"PIIustrated)
Total Length (in.) • • ••• • ....... 13.3 11.8 9.7
Min. Height (in.) ...... . . . .... 3.1 2.9 2.5
AiResearch Cam-Piston Air Motors Max. Oio. Envelope (in.) ... • •• 4.0 3.2 2.5
Weight (lb.) ......••........• 22 15 .5 7.5
function with complete reliability at Output at 200 psig supply
pressure and 1200 rpm (hp) .• • . 18.5 9.1 4.2
extr~me temperatures-require Starting Torque at 200 psig --
supply pressure (inch-pounds) • • . 1800 890 400
no conventional lubrication or cooling

Here are air motors that op e rat e in g the over all volume of the motor. supply. Length vs. diameter shape
dependably far beyond the temper a- Motor ac cel eration is extremely can be changed by varying the num-
ture limits of electronic and hydraulic fa t - l ess th an .05 second in most ber of pistons and/ or the piston diam-
units. applicatio ns. Low rotating speeds- eter and stroke.
U sing bleed air a s a source of en ergy , fro m 100 r pm to 2500 rpm- make When coupled with a ball sc1·ew
the output of the air motor is almost gear r edu ction unnecessary and mini- which may retract within the full
linear with inlet pressure, allo\vin g mize problem s of over-speed control, length of the motor shaft, the cam-
maximum· efficiency through a wid e r ota tion al stresses and wear. piston air motor has wide application
range of operating conditions. Hi gh Fl ex ibility of the basic design as a compact, high-performance
horsepower and torque to w e i g ht allows fo r a wide r ange of motor sizes linear actuator in high temperature
ratios are obtained by di s pl ace- - from l ess than l hp up to 300 hp- pneumatic power control system s.
ment volume per revolution exceed- depending on the available pressure Your inquiries are invited.

THE GARRETT CORPORATION

..... • Otttstanding opportunities for qualified enginee rs

~
?li Research Manufaduri ng Divisions
Los Angeles 45, Cal£forn£a .. . Ph o e ni.~ . A rizo na
DesignerS anti manufactUr ers of aircraft and missile systems (lll.d C01np01tC/I.t S: REFRIG ERATION SY STEMS • PNE U>IA TIC VALVES ANO CONTR OL S • TEM P ERATURE CONT ROL S

CABIN AIR COMPRE SSORS • TURBINE MOTORS • GAS TURBINE ENGINES • CABIN PRESSURE CO NTR OLS • IIEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT • ELECTR~ME:CII A NICA L EQUIPM ENT • ELECTRONI C COMPUT Ef!S AND CON T ROLS

15
 - --

~ .r- STUDENT PILOT$

~0
.....
.!••·.e:o
.a~ CO
.;;. ) INSTRUMENT
f)8'0'0 j PANEL.
I NSTRUCTO R'S INSTRUME t\.-:-
PA
·_ ; ~.GA. ?;<'· ~··
-·
•

SIMPLE ARITHMETIC-It costs approximately ten thousand dollars to send

a student through college today, but more than ten times that amount to give a young man
the superlative training that he must receive to become an Air Force pilot. A saving in either
expense would be welcome to most Americans. Northrop Aircraft is doing something about
reduction of national defense costs by applying "dollar engineering" to planning and pro-
duction of new weapon systems. Latest Northrop achievement is its supersonic T-38 jet
trainer, a simple, lightweight airplane capable of using any improved airport. Costing less
to produce, fuel and maintain than other airplanes with comparable performance, the T-38
can save American taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars in pilot training. This T -38 jet
trainer . .. and the Snark SM-62, world's first intercontinental guided missile ... are noteworthy NORTHROP
developments of the budget-minded research, engineering and production teams at Northrop. NORTHROP AIRCRAFT, INC , • BEVERLY HILL S, CALIFORNIA

Builders of the First Intercontinental Guided Missile

 TYPE 21A ADF WEIGHS ONLY 19.7 POUNDS
Component Unit Weights:
Receiver, 6.8 lbs.; Loop, 4.3 lbs.; Loop Housing, 0.5 lbs.;
Indicator, 1.3 lbs.; Control Unit, 1.6 lbs.; Power Unit, 5.2 lbs.;
CAA Certificate No. 1 R4-9 U.S. Military: AN/ ARN-59
British Certificate of Approval VC·78

World-Wide navigation aid

The Time · Tested ADF Now in Les.s Weight, Less Space
The ADF is a basic air navigation instrument, used in The ARC Type 21A ADF is built to today's more
all parts of the world, turnable to some 60,000 trans- critical speed and environmental demands. It has her-
mitters. But the important thing now about the ADF metic sealing of vital components, such as the entire
is that ARC has engineered an ADF system down to loop assembly. It covers all frequencies from 190 kc to
less than 20 pounds in weight, with a com parable 1750 kc ... operates on only 2.8 amps at 27.5 volts de
saving in space. input or equal power at 13.5 volts. A significant feature
is the extremely low loop drag-only two inches out-
Now pilots enjoy the advantages of dual installations of side the aircraft skin.
this compact miniaturized equipment in tolerable weight
and space requirements. Ask your dealer for detailed literature.

Dependable Airborne Electronic Equipment Since 1928

jllrcraft Radio Corporation aooNtoN, NEw JERsEY

Omni/loc Receivers • Course Directors
LF Receivers and loop Direction Finders • UHF and VHF Receivers and Transmitters (5 to 360 channels)
';JO-Channellsolation Amplifiers • High Powered Cabin Audio Amplifiers • lnterphone Amplifiers • Omnirange Signal
Generators and Standard Course Checkers • 900-2100 Me Signal Generators
71
 for creative engineers

Here at McDonnell Aircraft Corpora- we are determined to maintain and

tion our new "Engineering Campu s" develop further an environment that
is providing our engineers with a new fosters the sort of creative achieve-
· · kind of work environment for creative ments on which continued progress
thinking and effective achievement. dep e nds.
Now completely built and occupied,
We invite qualified engmeers to m-
the Campus comprises facilities of, by
vestigate JOmmg our team of the
and for engineers.
ablest minds in aeronautics- united
The "Engineering Campus" program in making fundamental progress in
IS our direct-action pledge to our advanced airplanes, missiles and heli-
engineers- those now at McDonnell copters - by writing our Technical
and those who will join them -that Placement Supervisor.

McDONNELL AIRCRAFT
LAMBERT-SAINT LOUIS Municipal Airport, Box 516, St. Louis 3, Mo.

78
 Avcoroday

Avco
makes things
beHer
for America
Avco is a builder of quality products for
the commercial economy and high-
performance military systems for national
defense. Gas turbine and reciprocating
aircraft engines, electronics systems, farm
implements, kitchen components and
the Nose Cone for the Air Force Titan
Intercontinental Ballistic r 'lissiles
are being produced by Avco today.
There are many products that identify
A vco. All of them display distinguishing
characteristics of A vco workmanship ...
skill, dependability, resourcefulness.
And A vco's first order of business is
to make things better for America.
THIS IS AVCO
Avco today is a diversified organization
whose products include aircraft power
plants and structures, electronics for
defense and industry, and specialized
home and farm equipment.
Avco's divisions and subsidiaries are:
Lycoming-aviation, marine and industi-ial
power plants ... Crosley-electronics
systems and aircraft structures ...
Research and Advanced Development ..•
American Kitchens ... New Idea and
Ezee Flow-specialized farm equipment
... Crosley Broadcasting Corporation ..•
Moffats Limited (Canada)-commercial
gas and heating equipment.

Avco Avco Manufacturing Corporation

420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Ye
 B-4"7

Canberra. Eo marc

Hustler

Ra.soa.l Titan.

Lark

Sergeant
f

Auxiliary
Power Systems

Liquid and Solid

Propellant
Gas Generators

turbo -machinery 1

Turbines, Pumps,
Gearbo'f~S, for missiles
Controls

and. aircraft
Aerojet-General Corporation offers 15 years of unequalled
Brush less
experience in the development and manufacture of
Alternaton
turbo - and electrical machinery for airborne vehicles--an
organization with complete capability in the field.

turbo-machinery division
Electrical
Components

CORPORATION

A Subsidiary of The General Tire & Rubber Company

Ground Suppod AZUSA AND SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA
Equipment

Aerojet offers excellent opportunities in the turbo-machinery field. Resumes invited.

80
At Te:~nco

past per:for:~nance

is the best index to ,

future achieve:~nent·

At Temco, more than a decade of planned progress has:

resulted in an accumulation of know-how and productive
capacity that makes Temco's capabilities complete
from basic design to precision production.

During these years of growth, Temco's skills and

specialized equipment have been applied to the completion
of projects that included such diversified opera.t ions
as electronic and guidance systems, complete aircraft,
missiles and weapons systems, launching equipment,
turbojet engine components, and the design
and production of major components for almost every
leading U.S. aircraft manufacturer.

Temco's accomplishments in the future will reflect the

experience gained in past performance. If your
business is with anything that flies, look to Temco
for complete capability and reliability from
development through production.

AIRCRAFT CORPORATION • Dallas, Texas

81
THE INDUSTRY
 O N industry whid1 h as never known normalcy, 1957 must be classed as an
T except iona ll abn o rm a l ear. It "as a year d1 ar acterized b y confusion and contra-
d ict io n on the part of the rna jor cu stomer, the armed forces, and a year which
brought abo ut radical ch anges in conu-acting procedures whid1 at times threw the
indu stry o ut of tempo. It ,. as, o n the one h a nd, a frustrating year, ye t despite the
handicaps of officia l uncerta int , some ve r y solid gains were realized.
At the start of the ear, the situ a tion might have been termed relatively routine.
Pwduction of military equipment was proceeding a t a reasonably high level. Com-
mercial a nd other ci il aircraft production ,., as also on the upswing. Progress v,ras
b e in g made in several important a.rea- of r eseaTd1 and development. Employment
was o n a ri sin g sca le, read1ing about 910,000 b y early summer.
Then ca me a sequ e n ce of e ·en ts "hich tossed out the window the hopes for an
orderly produ c tion prog1·am.
The trouble sta rted in tJ a , when the D epartme nt of Defense realized th a t its
~·ate of expe nditures ·would put spending well a bove the imposed $38-billion spend-
m ? _l eve l. Industry was informed that there would necessarily be major changes in
nuiitary co n tr acts. Shortly afterward, progress payments were sharply curtailed and
defense co ntrac tors were instTucted to r edu ce overtime to a bare minimum. At the
same time, it w as decided that th er e would b e increased emphasis on missiles, but
only a t the expense of manned aircraft programs, a decision which further compli-
ca ted the production prog1·am.
In June, co ntractors summon ed to ' •Vashington ,.vere forewarned that some drastic
 economies were in the offing. In the next two months there followed a series of cut-
backs, stretchouts and cancellations in both aircraft and missiles, affecting practically
every category of the industry effort except ballistic missiles. This forced contractors
to reduce personnel in large numbers, retire certain facilities, cancel or stretch out
subcontracts and lower costs in whatever other manner they could.
In September, it was found that even these drastic measures were not enough,
since expenditures had not been suf!iciently decreased. In another move of major
impact, the Air Force stated it would be forced to limit payments to contractors
for work done to the extent necessary to stay within the expenditure rate. The con-
tractors were expected to finance the difference themselves, which would require heavy
borrowings, but the interest on the loans would not be an allowable item of cost.
The Navy planned similar measures, and the industry estimated that the total
amount of financing required would run to a billion dollars. It appeared that still
further stretchouts and cancellations would become necessary.
In late October the situation was alleviated to some extent by the new Secretary
of Defense, Neil H. McElroy, who stated that the government would pay its bills on
time, but that contractors would be asked to finance a great portion on their inven-
tories and work in progress. The industry learned that progress payments would
be at a rate of 70 percent and that companies would be encouraged to finance up to
20 percent of cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts. The nev.r policy, while it imposed hardship
in some cases, was generally felt to be acceptable ami. one which would at least
permit more orderly planning.
The impact of the stretchouts, cutbacks, cancellations and economic restrictions
was felt in earnings for the year, although sales were not significantly affected. For
the first nine months of the year, the 12 major airframe companies reported a
sales increase of more than a billion dollars, from a 1956 figure of $3.8-billion to
$4.9-billion. Earnings increased less than $8-million during the same period, from
$ll2.6-million to $120.1-million. Earnings for the 1957 nine months were only 2.4
percent compared with 2.9 percent for the comparable 1956 period.
Aircraft Industries Association estimated that sales in 1957 totaled $11.5-bil.lion,
compared with $9.5-billion in 1956. At the same time, production of military aircraft
declined from 6800 units in 1956 to slightly more than 5000. The increased sales
were due in part to increased output of guided missiles and greater deliveries of
commercial aircraft. Commercial sales topped the $2-billion mark for the first time
in history and were up more than $500-million over 1956.
A major factor in the sales increase was inflation. The price index for aircraft
materials averaged 152.0, compared with 109.2 in 1950. Average hourly earnings were
$2.36, compared with $2.27 in 1956.
Although the military was still by far the industry's best customer, the propor-
tion declined slightly due to increased commercial activity. Where 1956 deliveries
to the military represented 85 percent of the industry's total sales, the proportion
dropped to 82 percent in 1957. Commercial aircraft deliveries declined in numbers
from 7205 units in 1956 to 6850 in 1957, but there \vas a sharp increase in dollar
value. AlA estimated commercial sales of $725-million in 1957, compared with
$45 1-million in 1956.
1

The backlog of unfilled orders at the end of the third quarter, latest date for
which figures were available, was $14.4-billion, compared with $18.4-billion for the
same period in 1956. About $3.8-billion, or 36 percent, was in commercial orders.
After the peak of 910,000 in early summer, employment started a steady decline
to a year-end estimate of about 800,000. Average for the year was 880,000, substantially
higher than 1956's 811,000.
Despite a year of uncertainty and fluctuating fiscal policies, the industry could
point to a great many substantial achievements, some of which are detailed in the
following pages. A company-by-company summary follows.

84
 AIRFRAME AND MISSILE MANUFACTURERS
AERO DESIG~ AND ENGl!.~EERING COMPANY

In February the company added the ::\lode! 560E The company secured additional space through
;_o its Commander lamily and shonly therealter lease of a hangar at :Mustang Field, El Reno, Okla-
the E was added to the .-\ero's approved type cer- homa. lt was put to use for storage and modifica-
ti lica te. The E model was a more powerful version tion work in early 1957.
of the normal Commander. It "·as powered by two In 1\Iay, Aero received an Army order for two
~!)5 horsepower high compression engines and car- Aero Commanders equipped with "side-looking"
ried a gross load of 6500 pounds. For increased radar. The plane type was designated RL-26D.
performance, the E feawred a longer "·ing than The company also developed a photographic and
predecessor models. survey modification of the Commander.

BEECH AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Heechcraft's 25th Anniversary year saw new sales in 1937.

records. militarv 1)roduction bo·ains ' licensino-
• J b
of a On June 18, the CAA issued Type and Produc-
new business plane, se\·eral outstanding aeronauti- tion certificates for the new Beechcraft (Model 95)
cal engineering achievements and a general expan- Travel Air, the company's first entry into the four-
sion of all aviation research, development and man- place, twin-engine business aircraft field. Initial
ufacturing activity. deliveries of the 200-mile-per-hour Travel Air were
Total commercial and military sales for fiscal made in November.
1957, ending September 30, were nearly $104-mil- For Beech Aircraft, the ?vlodel 95 added a fourth
lion-up some 39 percent over 1956. business plane to its commercial line and enlarged
Commercial sales during the year reached a new market selection of aircraft in the S40,000 to $60,-
high of approximately $35.7-million, compared 000 price range. Beechcraft on August 3 announced
"·ith its previous record totals of S32.09l-million that the new Travel Air, with standard equipment,
for fiscal 1956 and $27 .246-million for fiscal 1955. would list for $49,500-a price non-competitive
Sales of military aviation products soared from with the company's three other models.
S42.4-17-million in fiscal 1956 to more than $68- Beechcraft's "pay-as-you-fly" sales and lease pro-
million in fiscal 1957. grams combined had resulted in $6.206-million
Unit sales during the year curved upward for worth of retail business by the end of fiscal 1957.
the company's business aircraft models-the eight- In addition, Beechcraft's special "floor plan" for
place Beechcraft Super 18 executive transport, the distributors and dealers had produced a total of
six-place Beechcraft Twin-Bonanza twin-engine air- more than $12.762-million in new airplane sales.
plane, and the four-place Beechcraft Bonanza On :March 18 the company started its ninth an-
single-engine plane. nual nationwide "Beechcraft Safety and Efficiency
The year 1957 also marked introduction of the Clinic," an aircraft inspection service for Beech-
company's first supercharged business plane in the craft owners. During l 957 alone more than 1500
Twin-Bonanza series, the Model E50 powered by Beechcrafts received free maintenance checks at
two 3L10 hp superch;;J.rged Lycoming engines. various distributor locations.
In March the company delivered its 5000th Foreign interest in the Beechcraft (Model 73) Jet
Heechcraft Bonanza for business and industry and :Mentor continued to mount. The company award-
later in the year announced that a substantial fleet ed rights to manufacture the jet trainer in Canada
of new Bonanzas had been acquired for use in con- to Canadian Car Company, Limited, which previ-
tract instrument training of Army aviators. De- ousl-y built the propeller-driven Beechcraft T-34
livery of the 300th Beechcraft Super 18 in August under license. Other foreign powers holding Beech
brought to more than 6600 the total number of licensing agreements included Japan and ArgeP.·
units in the :Model 18 series delivered to military tina, both for Beechcraft T-34 production.
and commercial customers since the prototype flew In l\fay, Beechcraft's Boulder, Colorado, facility

85
was elevated to full division status. Boulder ·work At year-end, Beech Aircraft had n earl y 2,000,000
in 1957 included production of 1200-gallon and square feet of plant area in use at six major pro-
6000-gallon mobile (Dewar) containers for the duction facilities-three in \ 1Vichita, Kansas, a nd
Atomic Energy Commission, among the first of one each at its fully-integrated divi sions in Hering-
several classified projects undertaken by the new ton and Liberal, Kansas, and in Boulder, Colorado.
division in the fields of cyrogenics, high energy Also in operation were the parent company's two
fuels, thermodynamics and missiles. wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Beech Acceptance
Also in :May the company unveiled its proposed Corporation, Inc., organized in 1956 to fin a nce
Beechcraft ·Model 1013 reconnaissance drone de- sales of business aircraft on deferred time payment
signed for photo and television battle area sur- plans, and Beechcraft Research & Development,
veillance and enemy position observation. ·The Inc., also formed in 1956 to explore the new fields
Model 1013 was adapted from the XKDB-1 target of powered flight. In addition to 775 acres of land
aircraft which Beech is building for the Navy. which the company owns near Wi chita, Beech-
Flight evaluations of the 320-mile-per-hour craft early in 1957 increased its Colorado property
Beech-designed Navy XKDB-1 started in the spring holdings to 1460 acres at the site of its prelimin ary
of 1957 at the Naval Air Missile Test Center, test facility near Boulder.
Point Mugu, California. During the year, Beechcraft's . total ernployrnent
The XKDB-1 in summer trials demonstrated its climbed from 6500 at the end of 1956 to 8000 by
ability to meet or exceed Navy specifications for the end of fiscal 1957.
stability, controllability, launching and recovery, At year-end, Beechcraft's diversified aviation ac-
and on one flight reached _an altitude of 38,500 tivity embraced more than 60 different aeronautical
feet from ground launch. projects-ranging in scope all the way from the
The Army during the year ordered additional manufacture of commercial aircraft to engineering
quantities of the L-23D command transport, mili- research on emergency escape systems.
tary version of the supercharged Model E50 Twin-
Bonanza business plane, extending L-23 produc-
tion into 1959. In October, Beechcraft also began Beech has jnocluce cl 423 T-34 B JVI ent01· train en fo ·r th e Navy.
deliveries of rebuilt L-23 's under a separate con-
tract calling for the remanufacture of early A and
B models to the new Army L-23D configuration.
The year's activities were also highlighted by
continued production of Beechcraft T-34B Mentor
trainers for the Navy, large numbers of Beech-de-
signed ground power support units for starting
and servicing jet aircraft, and thousands of jettison-
able fuel tanks with capacities ranging from 200-
gallon pylon tanks for the USAF F-104 to 1700-
gallon external stores for the USAF B -47.
A pioneer in the field of aircraft range exten-
sion, Beechcraft on Janu ary 8 reported successful
flight tests of its new jet fighter in-flight refueling
"buddy" system which the company is developing
for McDonnell Aircraft Corporation. The Beech-
designed system enables one jet fighter to refuel a
sister craft at high speeds and altitudes.
Besides prime contracts with the Air Force, Army
and Navy, Beechcraft in 1957 received additional
subcontract orders for production of complete
wings for jet trainers and for parts, assemblies a nd
components for jet fighter-interceptors .
As the company entered its 25th anniversary
year, officials computed tha t total commercial and
military sales since its founding in 1932 h ad al-
ready topped the $ 1-billion mark.

86
 B ell AiTCm[t Co1·jJOTa t ion's n ew D ata Pro cessing C en te·r.

BELL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

B ell continued development a nd p rodu cti o n of nel a t Princeton University and studies conducted
its G \ M -63 R ascal a nd o n e of the hi o-Wi ghts of to evaluate low cost insulation for aircraft struc-
th e cornpa n y year ca m e in O ctob er "'ben th e air- tures operating at high speeds.
to-s urface miss ile w as a ccepted fo r oper atio nal ser v- The Research Division also conducted studies
ice b y the Stra tegic A ir Comman d . in the com pany's environmental laboratories in
A no ther highli ght was the su ccessful demon str a- support of avio nics, propulsion, aircraft and missile
ti o n of Bell's A utoma tic L anding S stem . In a projects.
series of tests a board the a ircraft carrier A ntietam, Flight studies continued on Bell's rocket-pow-
a Douglas }'3D was land ed over 100 tim es without ered special research planes, the X-lB, X-IE and
th e .pilo t tou ching the controls. T h e system com- jet X-5, under the supervision of the National Ad-
bines r adio a nd r a d ar for automa tic approach a nd visor y Com m ittee for Aeronautics.
to u ch-down controL Bell also compl-eted a lmos t Investiga tion of revolutionary new aircraft types
1500 ground landin gs prior to th e sea trials. is under way in the Aircraft Division which pio-
The com p an y also continued ex tensive research neered in the jet VTOL field ·with such aircraft
a nd d evel opment program s in air craft, missiles, as the origina l test VTOL and the X-14.
r ock e t engines, av ionics a nd servo mech an isms. The Bell X-1 4 built for the Air Force, completed
The A vionics Di vision ,.,r.as d eveloping an inertial early stages of its test program successfully during
n aviga tion system for fighter aircraft emb odying the year. Powered by two jet engines, the X-14 was
r adically new techniques and grea ter accuracy. It designed to take off vertically from a conventional
is built around a n a ccelero m eter and a gyro de- position, shift to forward flight and land vertically,
sig ned by Bell e ngineers. The acceler ome ter was eliminating the need for runways.
a lso b eing built in qu antity fo r ins tallation in vari- Bell expanded its m a nufa cturing facilities with
ou s g uided missiles. the addition of large-scale production equipm·e nt to
A vionics w as also supp lying a proporti on al radio b e u sed for its o wn w ork as well as subcontracts.
control system for the Chan ce Vough t Regulu s Numerically tape-controlled contour and profile
g uided missil e a nd r adi o com man d r eceivers for mills were scheduled for installation early in 1958.
th e Navaho, Atlas and Thor mis .iles . During the year, delivery of B-47 and B-52 engine
With much advan ced work und er way, Bell's nacelles and spare p arts continued, w ith pla nning
Rockets Division continued delivery d ur ing for other sub-contracts of a si1nilar n a ture under
th e year of liquid-propellant cerami c rocke t thrust way.
ch a mbers for the Army's Nike su r face- to-air gu ided Other m anufa cturing included internal wing
missile, as well as engin es for Bell's R ascal. n'lembers for the M cDonnell F-101 and tail cones
Research in the ar ea of advanced aer odynamics and electronic equipment pla tforms for the B-66.
r equired for high speed and hi gh altitude fli ght Bell mov ed to consolida te its Niagar a Frontier
was carried on b y the Research Division. Hyper- o per a tion s during the 1957 yea r with comple tion
sonic tests we re co ndu cted in the h elium wind tun- of a D a ta Processing Center, plans for a n ew R e-

87
 The company also acquired 350 acres 30 miles
east of Buffalo as a site for the projected Lawrence
D. Bell Research Center which will include, a mong
other services, a hypersonic wind tunnel capable of
handling the highest speed ranges and a labora tor y
for heat studies.
Continuing its policy of diversifying into com-
mercial fields which have growth potential in new
technological areas, Bell acquired two new subsidi-
aries, the Lake Erie Engineering Corp., of Buffa lo,
New York, and Birma Manufacturing Corp., of
B ell XV-3 ConvertijJlan e. Buffalo and Greenfield, Indiana. Lake Erie is one
of the leading companies in the hydraulic press
search Center and a $2.5-million addition to its field. Birma Manufacturing is a producer of molded
fibre glass products. This brings to seven the num-
main plant.
The new data unit occupies 30,000 square feet ber of wholly-owned subsidiaries.
of floor space and cost $750,000. It will handle all For the nine-month period e nded September,
the data processing in support of the company's Bell Aircraft Corporation reported consolidated
technical and administrative programs, including sales of $151,366,136 and net income after taxes of
those of the Niagara Frontier operation and the $3,089,271.
Bell Helicopter Corporation in Fort vVorth, Texas, Employment totalled 16,901 persons, including
and some of its subsidiaries. 12,369 in the parent company.

BOEING AIRPLANE COMPANY

Maiden flight of the first production model com- delivery was to go to Pan American World Airways
mercial jet transport built in the United States, in 1958 for service in early 1959.
first sale of the 720 short-to-medium range jet Successful test firings and drone intercepts by the
transport and unveiling of the IM-99 Bomarc Bomarc missile, which can carry either a con-
interceptor missile were rna jor Boeing highlights ventional or nuclear warhead, led to a $ 140-million
in 1957. initial production order from the United States
Deliveries of KC-1 35 jet tanker-transports to the Air Force in August. The Bomarc has a leading
Strategic Air Command began in June, and B-52's role in the new joint Canadian-D. S. (NORAD)
continued to roll from the Seattle and Wichita defense s·y stem.
plants. First photographs of the Bomarc were released
Boeing announced its Seven-Twenty jet liner in May and revealed the 4 7 foot long missile to
November 20 and United Air Lines disclosed its be powered by a single Aerojet rocket for launch-
purchase of 11 of the transports the following ing and two Marquardt ramjets for cruising at
Monday. United announced in December tha t it "extreme" altitudes. Bomarc is an air defense
would purchase an additional 40 Seven-Twenties missile capable of destroying enemy aircraft or mis-
by 1965. siles long before they reach potential target areas.
The first 707 Jet Stratoliner moved out of the A decision was made to build advanced i11odels
Boeing Transport Division factory October 28 of the B-52 only at the Wichita Division, a plan
and made its first flight December 20. This plane, initiated by the company to save the Air Force
with several others now in the final stages of pro- many millions of dollars in tooling costs. This step
duction, will undergo Civil Aeronautics Adminis- was part of an extensive cost reduction program
tration certification tests before delivery. First conducted by Boeing.

88
 T h e Boeing XB-5 2 arrived at the \1\Tichita Divi-
sion in .M arch to receive installa tion of J75 engines
in each of the outboard pods, thus making the
orig in al Stra tofortress a six-jet airplane instead of
tl1 e n ormal eight-jet configLUatioo. Str uctural
ch a nges were made to the wing to accommodate
the n ew engines, ground testing '"'as completed and
the airplane made its maiden flight in October. It
wa subsequent!')' delivered to the A u· F orce for an
accelerated J75 service test program.
In l'vfay, the B-47 once more made nation al head-
lin es when the Air Force declared the six jet me-
dium bomber capable of the spectacular " tos -
b ombing" techniqu e, which ca.lls for aerial ma-
n e u vering norrnall y confined to figh ter ai.ro·a ft.
The m aneu ve r was proved fea sible b the \ icl1ita
Division experimental flight te t ection and fur-
ther de ve loped b y the A ir Force.
The Strategic A ir Comm and received its first
KC-1 35 in June after the first ten h ad bee n de-
li ve red to the Air Research and Development Com-
mand for functional tests.
The 720 jet tran sport becam e the la test ad dition
to Boeing's family of jet tran sports, now com-
posed of three different models exclusive of engine
differences. The 720's are designed to carry 88-1 30
passengers on flights of 200 to 1700 miles; the 707-
120 models will carry up to 146 passengers on me-
dium to long r a nge fli ghts and the 707 "Ioterconti-
n entals" w ill accommodate as ma ny as 160 passen-
gers on flights as many as 5000 miles. B oeing sound suppTessors.
The commercial jet transp or ts, as 1~ ell as the
KC-135, ·were developed from the 707 proto type, IOC engines was· sold to commercial orga nizations
a $ 16-million company-finan ced project, whi ch h as for experimental and service test purposes in boat,
accumulated nearly 800 flight test h ours since its truck, and earth moving applications. Late 195,7 ·
maiden flight July 15, 1954. In March, the pToto- saw start of deliveries of the 300-horsepower 502-
type flew non-stop from Seattle to Baltimore in 3 1OF for install a tion in the R adioplane RP-77D
hours LJ8 minutes for an average speed of 612 miles medium altitude target drone.
per hour. The compressor version of the 502-lOC, the 210-
The 707 has assisted CAA and air line authori- air horsepower 502-llB, was being used b y the Air
ties in determining sch edules a nd airport facilities Force and the N avy to provide ground air for start
needed for jets through actu al demonstra tions. of large jet aircraft a nd operation of pneuma tic
Sale of three 707's to Empresa de Viacao Aera systems.
Rio Gra ndese (VARIG) air line of Brazil and two Boeing research contributed two advances in
to Compania Cubana de Av iacion during 1957 manufacturing processes to the industry during
brought the total sales to 151 planes. A t the end 1957. A "breakthrough" in titanium fabrication
of the year, thirteen air lines h ad ordered 707's. was accomplished by the company and films of
The Industrial Products Division, employing ap- Boeing processes were loaned to companies and
proximately 800 people, was developing and manu- scientific groups throughout the nation. Airframe
facturing small gas turbine engines in the 100 to parts cutting and forming through the use of nu-
500 horsepower class. In early 1957 delivery of merically co ntrolled machines was a nother m ajor
240-horsepower 502-10C engines was made to the achievement. Punch ed cards are fed through an
N avy for use as boat power plants and to drive electronic computer whi ch sends impulses to a cut·
min eswee ping generators. A sm all quantity of 502- ting or forming machine, direc ting all its actions.

89
 Boeing's 502-JOC gas tw·bine engme.

This method insures exact duplication of com- swn at Renton, \1\Tashington, opened its new com-
ponents requiring extremely small tolerances and mercial jet transport factory and a new office build-
eliminates the sizable rejection rate of manually ing for L1000 non-manufacturing employees.
cut or formed parts.
In October aerodynamicists began tests in Boe-
I' In September, new giant, 105-foot spar mills
ing's new $2-million supersonic ·wind tunnel, cap-
were placed in operation at Wichita for the B-52
able of duplicating speeds to Mach 4. Work also
program and that installation was underway on
progressed on the company's flight test terminal for
eight numerically controlled machines.
commercial jets.
With the largest construction program in the
history of the company underway, Boeing opened As an example of community responsibility, Boe-
several new facilities designed to implement its ex- ing at Wichita started operation in July of a new
tensive research programs and production sched- industrial waste treatment plant. One of the larg-
ules. Employees moved into the $21-million De- est of its type in the nation, the plant rece ives
velopmental Center during the summer and fall alkaline and chrome ·w astes and converts them into
at the Seattle Division while the Transport Divi- ·water pure enough to drink.

BRANTLY HELICOPTER CORPORATION

During 1957, Brantly . was in process of setting experimental work was being carried on at the
up production facilities at the municipal airport main office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The
in Frederick, Oklahoma. Preliminary design and company is building the Brantly B-2 helicopter.

CESSNA AIRCRAFT COMPANY

An increase in military volume during 1957 pro- twin-jet trainers to the USAF. Later, the entire
vided a boost in Cessna's sales. During the com- T-37 project was moved to Bainbridge Air Base,
pany's 1957 fiscal year, sales topped $70-million, Georgia, a Southern Airways civilian contract pri-
up from .$66-million in the preceding year. mary flight school, where 20 students started using
Military business got off to a good start in early the T-37 after 30 hours in a prop-driven trainer.
1957 with the Air Force announcement of Cessna's The class will finish training in March, 1958.
winning the Air Materiel Command's light-twin During early February, Cessna received an addi-
com p e tition for an administrative and light cargo tional contract to provide horizontal stabilizers for
airplane. The USAF placed a $5-million plus order the intercontinental Boeing B-52 bomber. The
for 80 of the twin-en gine commercial Model 31 O's. contract amounted to more than $4.5-million.
In J anua.ry, Cessna delivered the first five T-3 7 Cessna's commercial airplane business made an

90
excellent sh owing during 1957 both in the U. S. to paruopate in the rent-a-plane plan. Service is
a nd abroad. Commercial sales during the year expected to be available by early 1958.
' ere much bette r than expec ted. During the yea r, In May the Army announced it would evaluate
th e co mp a ny was producing the single-engine the T-37 u·ainer as a high-speed observation air-
Mo lei 172, 180 a nd 182's as well as the n'in i:VIodel craft possibility. Later, tlu·ee of the Cessna jets
310B . \ fi fth prod u ction model, the 175, was were delivered to the Army and evaluations are
schedu led to j o in the Cess na fa mil y ea1·1y in 1958. currently underway. By late May, the Air Force
During th e fin t h alf of 1957 Cessna exported had accepted its first L-27.
250 airpl anes to 28 different fore ign count1ies. On July 2nd, Cessna unveiled its new commer-
Ce ntral a nd South \meri ca r eceived _01 of the cial Model 310B for 1958 with m a n y new improve-
total. ments for the fl ying businessman. More than 650
The company's comme rci al airo-aft division of the light twins are in service throughout the
laun ched a co nce ntra ted pu sh durin g the year. New world today.
fin a nce a nd lease pla ns as ' ·ell a a drive to ex- \ few d ays later, the 310 made news when it
p a nel the firm's di stributor-d ealer orga ni za tion became the first posH\ ar designed light twin execu-
were part of the over-all program. tive airplane to make the 2442 mile trip between
In 1\II arch Cess na deli vered its SOO th Model 310, O akland, California, and Honolulu. Total time re-
and during May, the company produced its 30,- quired for the crossing was 13 hours 51 minutes.
000th airplane, a single-engine Model 172 . This On August 30 Cessna delivered the first of an
achi evement came when Cessn a "as celebr ating its evaluation quantity of YH-41 helicopters to the
thirtieth yea r as a n airfrarne manufacturer. In \rmy. T wo of the Army's new high performance
Novem ber, 1957, Cess na topp ed o ff its year by helicopters were sent to Edwards Air Force Base
building the 3000th L-19, a sino·le-e ngine two- for testing. Others were delivered to the Army
place observa tion and li aison airplane for the Av ia tion Center in Fort RuckeT, Alabama.
A rm y. lso, in November, under a licensing ag-ree- The fiTst two phases of construction on Cessna's
ment, the Japan ese rolled the fir t L-1 9's off the proposed 1-iew $ 10-million \1\Tallace Plant were com-
asse mbly line in a plant near Tokyo . pleted in earJ.y September.
A t mid-year, Cessn a and the Hertz Corporation In early November Cessna started previewing its
joined toge ther in an ag r~ ment to provide the 1958 conunercial line at a series of dealer meetings
n a tio n 's travelers with a n ew re nt- a-plane service throughout the U. S. The nevv 172 for 1958 was
which will be ava ila ble through th e n a tio nwide shown to the public a t a series of a nnouncement
n etwork of Hertz offices. The new service will be showings on November 23-24. ·Models 175, 180, 182
h a ndl ed by Cess n a de alers tha t H er tz "'ill li cense and Skylane were to be shown early in 1958.

Cessna built its 3000th L-19 m 1957 .

 CHANCE VOUGHT AIRCRAFT, INC.

The company's 40th anniversary year was marked exactly two years from the day the first X FS P -1
by start of production of the Regulus II supersonic experimental model made its first flight. At year's
guided missile, first deliveries of the F8U Crusader end, Crusaders were serving with fleet squadrons
to operational units of the fleet and development on both coasts. In September the XFSU-1 proto-
of a new super-speed all-weather interceptor. type, still very active in test "·ork, marked up its
Existence of the latter project was disclosed in 400th flight.
June. The interceptor is designed for l\Jach 2 per- Production and deliveries of both Crusaders and
formance and will carry air-to-air missiles. guided missiles "·ere reflected in the company's
Initial flight testing was scheduled for the sum- backlog of $414-million for the period ending
mer of 1958 and first fleet deliveries were pro- September 30. For the first nine months of 1957,
grammed for 1960. Chance Vought received an ini- Chance Vought had a net income of $3,672,05-1,
tial contract for $35-million for the new fighter, or $3.37 a share. This represented an increase from
which will be powered by a Pratt & Whitney .J75 the $1,994,838, or $1.84 a share, reported for a
engine and will incorporate a number of advanced similar period in 1956. Sales of aircraft, guided
electronic devices in its radar and fire control sys- missiles, parts and services for the nine-month
tems. An additional $100-million contract was an- period in 1957 totaled $145,47'1,079, as compared
nounced in December. with $77,147,535 for the same period in 1956.
In December, the Navy awarded Chance Vought
Test work continued on the Regulus II guided
a contract totaling approximately $200-million for
missile, which has a speed of more than twice the
production of a new version of Crusader aircraft,
speed of sound, a range of more than 1000 miles
designated the FSU-2, and for continued production
and a ceiling of more than 50,000 feet.
of the FSU-1 version.
Designed for launching from submarines, surface
Approximately 17,000 employees, including those
vessels and shore bases, the Regulus II is the fol- in California in connection with Regulus and Cru-
low-on to the shorter range Regulus I, which has sader programs, were on the payroll as of Septem-
been serving with the fleet since 1955 and has been ber 30. The weekly payroll was approximately
proved out in more than 650 launchings. $1.7 5-million.
During the year one Regulus I made its 18th In October the first group of Navy personnel who
flight and recovery. It passed the record of an- will operate the supersonic Regulus II guided mis-
other Regulus I which was flown and recovered sile began an intensive indoctrination course at
on its tricycle landing gear 15 times before it wa.> the Chance Vought plant in Dallas.
intentionally expended on the 16th flight. Chance Vought c~ntinued construction of a $3.8-
Regulus II will be carried aboard the USS Hali- million high speed wind tunnel which "·ill test
but, first nuclear-powered submarine designed to models of aircraft and guided missiles at speeds up
launch such missiles. The Regulus missiles can be to 3800 miles an hour, or five times the speed of
launched off an enemy shore and streak hundreds sound. Initial shakedown of the tunnel, which
of miles inland to deliver a nuclear warhead. will complement the company's low-speed tunnel,
Conversion of the Navy's air striking power to is expected in the spring of 1958.
1000-miles-an-hour-plus fighters began in :March On November 9 and 10 Chance Vought was host
when Fighter Squadron 32 at Cecil Field, Florida, to more than 100,000 who visited the plant as the
became first fleet operational squadron to receive company observed its 40th anniversary as an air-
the Crusader. The delivery was made on March 25, craft manufacturer.

CONVAIR
A DIVISION OF GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION

Highlighting Convair's 1957 production progress Start of extensive flight testing and production
and facilities expansion at its five plants were the of two new Air Force supersonic aircraft: the B-
following major achievements: 58 Hustler bomber and the F-106A Delta Dart in-
Continued volume production of the Air I•'orce terceptor;
F-102A Delta Dagger supersonic interceptor; Beginning of exhaustive tests and pilot produc-

92
 Convai·r F-106A D elta Da·rt (l eft) and F-102 D elta Da.gge1·.

tion of the Air Force Atlas intercontinental bal- fornia, facility, adjoining the Air Force Acceptance
listic missile, the first successfu l launching a nd Center.
test flight of Atlas, and establishment of Convair- Orders for the F-l06A and its sister-ship, the twin
Astronautics as an operating division; tandem-seat F-106B, totaled $263-million . The
Start of production on the Convair 880 jet trans- F-l06B, under development at the San Diego plant,
port; will carry the same armament and fire control sys-
Continued quantity production of the Navy Ter- tem and be capable of performing the same mis-
rier guided missile and extensive testing of im- sions as the F-l06A. The latter has a more power-
proved models; ful engine-the Pratt & \ t\Thitney ]75 turbojet-
Initiation of some and completion of other proj- than the F-l02A and is designed to fight at even
ects in a San Diego $21-million capital improve- greater .speecls and altitudes. The F-l06A's guided
ment and expansion program. missile armament-carried in a bay under the fuse-
As volume production continued at San Diego lage-and sophisticated electronic fire control give
on the F-102A jet interceptor and TF-l02A pro- this newest delta-wiPg interceptor an increased
ficiency trai~1er, these aircraft ·were in active opera- "kill probability." On command from the ground
tion with more than 20 Air Defense Command controller or pilot, its Htwhest>
MA-l inteo-rated
t>
fighter-interceptor squadrons by year's encl. Simul- electronic guidance system directs the F-l06A to
taneously, F-l06A production got under way at its target through any kind of weather, clay or
San Diego following first flight of the Delta Dart. night.
First flight of the initial F-106A production aircrCJ,ft The B-58 Hustler went into limited production
took place August 31, 1957, and production flight at Fort \ t\Torth. Its flight test program gained impe-
tests began in October at Convair's Palmdale, Cali- tus with additional aircraft participating in various

93
parts of Phase I and II tests. At a July 10 na- Iished separate managerships for export and do-
tional press showing, it was announced the Hustler mestic sales of this transport and other commercial
had met or exceeded all performance specifications. aircraft and a European sales office was opened in
Later, a high Air Force officer credited the 150,000- Geneva, S\\·itzerland.
pound B-58 with speeds faster than twice that of a Metropolitan ·HO twin-engine transport produc-
.45-caliber bullet-1130 miles per hour. tion was scheduled to phase out in April 1958, hy
The Hustler was designed and built under the which time l 99 Model 440's will have been built.
Air Force weapons system management concept During the year, 8~ of the transports were sched-
under which Convair was given the responsibility uled for delivery. In .June, Eastern Air Lines took
for management development of all B-58 systems delivery of one of its 20 l\lodel +lO's, this one the
except the engines. I OOOth twin-engine prop-driven transport produced
Pilot production began on the Air Force Atlas by Convair for military, commercial and private
ICB:M at San Diego, home of the Astronautics Di- customers since the initial Convair-Liner 2·10 was
vision. In March, the division was elevated to full delivered in l 9'18.
status as a Convair operating facility. J. R. Demp- During the year, the division moved into a new
sey, former Air Force officer with broad experience 500,000-square-foot leased warehouse erected to cen-
in missile field, was named division manager. tralize receiving, shipping and materials operations
The successful flight of Atlas occurred December formerly scattered through the city.
17, 1957, at the Air Force Missile Test Center, At Fort '-\forth, Convair's specialized aircraft
Cape Canaveral, Florida. It followed two launch- maintenance program, SAM-SAC, was completed
ings of limited success, on June II and September in April. Since l 953, the plant inspected, modern-
25. ized and repaired the Air Force's fleet of 383 B-36
Convair-Palmdale, which functions as a San intercontinental bombers. In September, a new
Diego operation, moved into its new $12-million Air Force modernization contract started a "sub-
installation and San Diego's Plant II initiated a stantial" number of F-102A's and TF-102A's
three-year $2.5-million rehabilitation program. At through a modification program.
Plant I, four sound suppressor buildings costing $!- In addition to its B-58 production, the Fort
million were constructed for F-l02A,IF-106A engine vVorth Division was building F-102A components;
run-ups, a $3.5-million Mach 5 wind tunnel neared nose sections for its trainer counterpart, the TF-
completion, a $2.5-million engineering building 102A; and complete nose sections for the F- 106B,
modernization program began, and a $450,000 tandem version of the F-IOGA. All these aircraft
steam plant modernization program was completed. arc assembled at Convair-San Diego. Fort 'Vorth
New orders were announced for the Convair 880 also is producing a number of tail fins and out-
and more than $4.5-million ·was allocated for new board 'ring assemblies for the Boeing B-52 jet
machine tools and special equipment as production bomber. These are shipped to ''Vichita, Kansas,
began on the 615-mph luxury jet transport. Trans- for assembly.
continental, the new Argentine airline, and REAL Extensive testing of Atlas ·was initiated at static
Aerovias of Brazil, each ordered four :Model 880s. test facilities located at Sycamore Canyon, near
The 48 on order include 30 previously ordered by San Diego, and at Edwards Rocket Base, Cali-
Trans World Airlines and ten by Delta Air Lines. fornia. On Point Loma, San Diego, missile com-
New Convair 880 production equipment 'vas in- ponents are tested.
stalled, including a l 05-foot Onsrud spar mill and Major part of the work was completed in 1957
a 75-ton Cyril Bath radial draw stretch forming on Convair-Astronautics' new $40-million plant on
machine, each worth more than $500,000; a large the northern outskirts of San Diego. Personnel ex-
drying oven for curing Scotchweld metal-to-metal pect to begin occupying the facility in February
bonding of wing panels; a 9-by-30-foot precision 1958. It will comprise more than l ,250,000 square
template camera worth $50,000; and various mill- feet of floor space and consist of five major build-
ing machines and other heavy duty equipment. ings and several smaller ones.
Construction of six wing bucks, each 90 feet long Krafft Ehricke, assistant to the technical direc-
and 22 feet high, neared completion. First flight tor, received the American Rocket Society's 1957
of the prototype 880 '"'·as scheduled for .January, Astronautics Award for outstanding contributions
l!J59. Deliveries start in 1960. to the advancement of space flight.
As negotiations for additional Convair 880 sales At Daingerfield, Texas, Convair continued its
continued at home and abroad, the company estab- operation for the Navy Bureau of Ordnance of the

94

-•
O r dn a nce Aerophy ic Labora tory. Research and duced Terriers for the Marine Corps _and con-
cl e •e lo prue nt progressed for th e armed services in tinued production of components for the F-102A
ch e full-scale testing of jet engine and 1person.ic interceptor.
wind tunn el models for class ified proj ects. Convair Division employment, "hich totaled 64,-
Th e Con vair-N avy r esearch, de' elopment and 205 in late October 1956, stood at 66,333 on Oc-
o lu me production program of Terrier upersonic, tober 1, 1957. Year's peak was 73,716, attained in
a nti-aircraft, surface-to-air guided m_issiles at the June.
Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant in Po- B. F. Coggan and C. F. Horne, managers of the
m o na included weapons, systems anal is, and the San Diego and Pomona divisions, respectively,
prelimin ary design of new a nd improved guided 'Nere elected Convair vice presidents during the
missiles components. Com a_ir-Pomona also pro- year.

DOl\'Lt\.l"'f HELICOPTERS, INC.

Doma n completed plans in 1957 to put its LZ- A General Products Division for the develop-
5-2 helicopter into production during 1958. ment, manufacture and sale of a varied line of
An engineering contract to design a two-place services and products other than helicopters was
helicopter for the Army was also completed in 1957. also established.
Doman also acquired "Nest Fabrication Labora- Services offered by the new division include ma-
tories, Annanda le, New Jersey, a producer of heli- chining; sheet metal work and assembly; gas, arc
copter rotor blades, molded laminated doors and and heliarc ·w elding; jig and fixture fabrication;
windows, laminated wooden boa ts, small aircraft aircraft engineering and design prototype develop-
p a rts and rnolded gutters for bowling alleys. ment and related services.

DOUGL.A..S AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Record deliveries of commercial airplanes, sub- a peak of 16 per month in June and was continu-
stantial progress in the manufacture of the DC-8 ing at that rate at the end of the year. Moving
Jet transport, and notable achievements in the de- from the same assembly line were DC-6A, DC-6B,
velopment and manufacture of missiles marked the DC-7, DC-7B and DC-7C airplanes. The interconti-
activities of the Douglas Aircraft Company during nental DC-7C started into service on additional air-
the past year. lines throughout the world.
Delivery of DC-6 and 7 type aircraft reached A KLM-Royal Dutch Airlines DC-7C set a non-

D eliveTy of D ouglas DC-7 aiTcmft 1·eached p eak m june.

stop record of 6,148 miles in 21 hours 52 m·inutes In addition to the DC-8 buildings at Long
from Long Beach to Paris. The flight was made Beach, new company facilities included a missile
in May on the anniversary of Charles A. Lind- test site near Sacramento on which $3-million in
bergh's New York to Paris hop 30 years earlier. company funds were spent. The Air Force bore
Wing-joining of the DC-8 took place on schedule the rest of the cost. One of the most important
in October at the new $20-million jet transport activities scheduled for the base was captive firing
facility in Long Beach. The new DC-8 buildings of the Thor missile.
were dedicated at a ceremony in May. The jetliner Chief among personnel changes during the year
is scheduled to fly in the spring of 1958. "·as the elevation o( Donald \V. Douglas, Jr. to the
In the military field, the Military Air Trans- presidency of the company from the position of
port Service took delivery on the first of the giant vice president-military relations. Donald vV. Doug-
C-133 transports in August at Dover Air Force las, Sr. relinquished the presidency but continues
Base. as chairman of the board and chief executive of-
A new version of the Navy A3D Skywarrior, the ficer of the company. Frederic vV. Conant was ad-
A3D-2, went into service early in the year. Pro- vanced to the position of vice-chairman and will
duction for the Navy continued on the A4D Sky- function as chief executive officer in the absence
hawk attack bomber and the F4D Skyray intercep- of Douglas, Sr. General Ira C. Eaker joined the
tor. A new version of the A4D, the A4D-2, also company in October and was elected vice-president
went into production at the El Segundo plant. in charge of the eastern offices.
Last of 3180 AD Skyraiders, one of the Navy's Honors to company personnel included the selec-
most famous and versatile planes, came off the tion of Arthur E. Raymond, vice president in
production line at El Segundo in February. charge of engineering, to receive the 1957 Daniel
Production on various versions of the B-66 Air Guggenheim :Medal for the "development of a long
Force bomber continued at the Long Beach and line of successful civil and military aircraft."
Tulsa Divisions. A new weather reconnaissance The company reached the final quarter of the
version known as the \.YB-66D, built at the Tulsa year with an increase in sales and earnings over
plant, was placed in service by the Tactical Air the previous year. Net earnings of $26,030,·172 re-
Command. sulting from record sales of $828,417,000 were re-
The Douglas-built Thor, the Air Force inter- ported for the first three quarters of the 1957 fiscal
mediate range ballistic missile, was successfully year. These figures compare with a net of S20,596,-
fired from Cape Canaveral, Florida, during a year 000, or .$5.56 per share, on $711,2RG,OOO in sales for
that saw stepped-up activity in all phases of the the comparable period of 1956.
nation's ballistic missile program.
Current earnings, equivalent to $7.03 per share
Another notable event was the successful firing
of capital stock outstanding, were reduced to $24,-
in Nevada of the Douglas-built Genie, first air-to-
710,406 or .~6.67 per share by a renegotiation re-
air rocket with an atomic warhead. This new Air
fund for the 1953 fiscal year of $1.320-million,
Force missile is operational and is in the hands
paid during the first quarter. This refund is under
of Air Defense Command units.
appeal by the company.
Existence of Nike Hercules, an improved ver-
Employment reached a peak of 83,000 in .June,
sion of the Nike surface-to-air missile with many
a new peacetime high, at the company's five divi-
times the destructive power of the original, was
sions, Santa 'Monica, Long Beach and El Segundo,
revealed by the Army. Douglas has been associated
California; Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Charlotte, North
with the Western Electric Company, prime con-
Carolina.
tractor, in development and manufacture of the
Nike missile system. Nike Ajax was the initial It was expected to drop to about 76,000 at the
version of the missile. end of the year.
Production continued on the Army's Honest Progress on aviation's cockpit instrument panel
John surface-to-surface missile. Several other mis- of the future, designed and developed under a
sile projects were under development. prime contract to the El Segundo Division as an
Curtailment of defense spending resulted in can- Army-Navy program, was revealed. The device
cellation of the huge Air Force C-132 transport, consists of a revolutionary, transparent, flat plate
which would have been the world's largest air- television tube which produces an artificial picture
plane, the Navy F5D Skylancer interceptor and the of outside flying conditions through use of a new,
Navy /\4D-3 Skyhawk attack plane. miniature computer.

96
 Fai1·chilcl re-ent e-rs commercial aircmfl fi eld w ith F-27 .

FAIRCIDLD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION

AIRCRAFT DIVISION were equipped with a new wheel-ski gear and are
Production of the Fairchild F-27 propjet trans- scheduled for assignment to the Northeast Air
port marked the re-entry of Fairchild into the com- Command and ·will be used for cold weather oper-
mercial a ircraft field a nd climaxed a six-year pro- ations in th e Far North. The division also de-
gram of development a nd testing of the new air- veloped a new ·wide-tread main landing gear for
craft which was sponsored jointl y b y Fa irchild a nd the C-123 to further improve its rough terrain per-
Fokker Aircraft Company, Amsterdam, Holla nd. formance.
·when delivery of the first F-27 is made early in C-123 assault-logistics transports in service with
1958 to ·w est Coast Airlines it ,,, jll be the fint the USAF have established an impressive flight
American manufactured turbine-powered aircraft safety record. These aircraft have been involved
to go into commercial airline service. In addition in less than 10 accidents, three of which occurred
to \!\Tes t Coast, the 40-passenger successor to the during extremely hazardous DEvVline logistics op-
DC-3 will be delivered in 1958 to Piedmont Air- erations, and none of the accidents involved fatali-
lines, Bonanza Air Lines, Southwest Airways, ties or were charged to mechanical failure or faulty
Mackey Airlines, Northern Consolida ted A irlines, design.
Quebecair, \1\Tien Alaska Airlines, \1\Theeler Air The division during 1957 received a new $47-
Lines, AVENSA (Venezuela), A REA (Ecuador), million sub-contract for the production of three
a nd Linea Aeroposta1 Venezolana (LA ). major components for Boeing B-52 intercontinental
Fourteen corporations also h ave purch ased the jet bombers. F airchild is the sole source sub-con-
300-mile-per-hour-plus executive ve rsion of the high- tractor for vertical fins, outer wing panels and
wing aircraft, bringing th.e 1957 year-end total of major fuselage sections of the B-52. The division
orders a nd options to 84. also received a "follow on" contract for modifica-
Development and production of the F-27 is one tion and repair of B-26 bombers, and a $12-million
of the major p arts of a "diversification for stabiliza- contract from the Army Signal Corps to ma nufac-
tion" progra m emphasizing research, production, ture a quantity of high-speed surveill an ce drones.
modifica tion a nd sub-contract efforts. Developmental work on the Goose weapons sys-
· The divi sion received an Ai r Force co ntrac t call- tem, a highly class ified project, reached advan ced
ing for production of IS additional C-123 assault stages during 1957 a nd has grea t potential as a
and logistics transports, bringing to nea rly 300 the major production activity.
total numb er o f these aircraft F airchild has manu- New projects announ ced during the yea r include
fa ctured or h as on order. A number o f C-l2 ~ 's desi<m a nd d evelop m ent of a fOl.n·-engine turboprop

97
transport to be known as the Turboboxcar, a re- flight. Design characteristics of the n ew tire per-
search program on " jet wing" aircraft, a research mit it to be deflated after takeoff and folded some-
and development contract from the Army for the what like a bellows, thus reducing the storage s1ze
M-224-l "Fledgling" incorporating the principle of to about one-eighth that of the infl ated tire.
the vectored slip stream, and a research program
to develop a radically n ew type of landing gear ARMALITE DIVISION
based on use of a folding tire. The Air Force in 1957 adopted as sta ndard the
The Turboboxcar, designed as the successor to MA-l surviva l rifle (Fairchild d es ign ation AR-5) ,
the Fairchild C-ll9's and C-l23's now in u se by and the government of Nicaragua became the first
the military services, will have boundary layer con- purchaser in quantity of the Armalite AR-10 light-
trol, enabling it to operate from short fields and weight automatic rifle. Negotiations were in prog-
from the decks of aircraft carriers. It will have a ress with several European countries for add itional
takeoff gross weight of 75,000 pounds and will be purchases of the AR-10.
able to carry more than 32,000 pounds of cargo Under license by Fairchild, the AR-10 rifles will
over short ranges and in excess of 21,000 pounds at be manufactured in Holland by Artillerie-Inrich-
a range of 1500 miles. tingen, which is tooling to produce 10,000 of the
The "jet wing" concept, as now contempla ted, rifles per month beginning January 1, 1958. Both
incorporates the distribution of engine ex haust the MA-l and the AR-10 are part of a series of
over the trailing edges of the wing flaps . The lightweight weapons developed by F airchild, and
"Fledgling" is designed to prove the principle of are manufactured of light metals and plas tics. The
the vectored slip stream, considered to be one of AR-10 weighs less than seven pounds, and fires the
the most practical approaches to production of a 7.62 mm. NATO cartridge at a rate of more than
plane capable of taking off and landing vertically. 600 per minute. The MA-l survival rifle weighs
It is expected that the "Fledgling" will combi ne approximately two and a half pounds. Barrel and
the most desirable features of the VTOL ( Vertical action can be disassembled without tools, to be
Takeoff Or Landing) and the high cruise speed stowed in the plastic stock and made a part of the
of fixed w ing aircraft. USAF survival kit. . The rifle floats in water,
Fairchild's new folding tire and landing gear whether ass embled or disassembled.
system, now in the prototype stage, will provide The Armalite Division was also developing sev-
a high pressure tire for use on paved landing sur- eral other versions of both the AR-10 and the MA -
faces, a low pressure unit for use on unprepared l, as well as a line of lightweight shotguns with
field s, and for the complete deflation of the tire in anodized aluminum barrels in a variety of colors.

An l·orce ordaed 18 additional Fairchild C-123 transports.

 STRATOS DIVISION
During 1957, Stratos continued the production
of accessories and systems for military and com-
merci al turbojet, turboprop and piston-powered
airo-aft in its plant at Bay Shore, Long Island, and
at :Manhattan Beach, California.
Fairchild's h igh-sjJe ecl surveillan ce drone.
Among other items in production were air cycle
refrigeration systems of varying capacities, constant
ELECTROTECHNICS DIVISIO N speed air turbine dri ves, high pressure compressors,
anti-submarine warfare equipment, fuel flow pro-
The F a irchild Electrotechnics Di' isio n, under an
portioners and pneumatic actuators. Going into
Air Force contract, continued de velopment of m an-
production in 1957 "vas a new ground air cooler
ufac turing methods a nd production- t p e machi ne ry
package to be included in all-purpose ground serv-
for resis tan ce welding of stainless steel "sandwich"
ice vehicles for military and connnercial aircraft.
material. The material is designed for u se in both
The plant at Bay Shore neared completion in
structural and semi-structttral p a rts of aircraft and
1957 of an expansion of the manufacturing area
missiles exposed to extreme! high temperatures and the erection of a two-story test laboratory.
produced by supersonic flight or by power plant The division introduced for the first time in
heating. In this connection, the di vision has de- operating aircraft in the United States the unique
veloped a superior type of tempera ture-resistant compressor known as the Heli-Rotor, featuring
hone ycomb material called Ribboncore. positive displacement and built-in compression ra-
tio. The Heli-Rotor is the vital element in a vapor
GUIDED MISSILES DIVISION
cycle cooling system which is part of the cabin
The Fairchild Guided Missiles Division, ·which pressurization and cooling system devised by
developed and produced the Petrel air-to-surface Stratos for the new F-27 propjet transport being
missile now in operation with fleet air units of the produced by Fairchild.
Navy, in 1957 embarked on an expanded program Driven by a turbine, electric or hydraulic motor,
of research and development in the missile and or directly from an accessory shaft on a prime
allied fields. mover, the Heli-Rotor compressor consists of a
Security restrictions prevented the disclosure of pair of intermeshing rotors which mesh with a
many of these projects. 1957 activities of the Divi- rolling rather than a sliding motion. Power is
sion included initial deliveries to the Navy of a applied to the "male" rotor. The "female" rotor
bombing system trainer, receipt of a contract to acts as a moving seal, and is driven by timing
gears. Compression is achieved by reducing the
develop a bombing and navigation simulator for
volume of the trapped charge of gas as it passes
the Navy P6M, development of a missile guidance
through the chamber and is "squeezed" by the
system for the Army Signal Engineering Labora-
intermeshing rotors before it leaves the discharge
tories, and initial delivery of a guidance system for
port.
a new missile.
The Western Branch of Stratos completed an
The Division also modified and serviced SPQ-2 extensive test installation for the dev~lopment of
radar for use with the Chance Vough t Regulus large valves for guided missiles, and now holds
missile, and initiated flight tes ting of a new co ncept contracts for the development of a number of valves
in electronic measurement for the U SA F. for ballistic and other types o f missiles.
The Plastics Department of the Division, at The test install;aion can handle valves up to 12"
C opiague, Long Island, N.Y., designed and manu- in diameter, which are needed to handle the fluid
factured numerous types of plastic products, in- flows demanded by the larger missiles.
cluding structural and functional p arts for the Included in the new cyrogenics facility are a
aircraft industry such as wings, fairings, wing tips, 100 psi, 1100 cfm a ir compressor a nd arrangements
radomes and control surfaces. Other plastic prod- which permit the simultaneo us testing of water,
ucts include various types of containers, including fuel and liquefied gas. 'With them, it is possible to
a shipping container for .J57 engines; a l4Y2-foot tes t missile and a ircraft components designed to
aluminum honeycomb polyester skin radar reflector; control liquefied nitrogen and oxygen, anhydrous
and sextant carrying cases, plastic Bazookas, drogues a mmoni a a nd other fluid s to measure pressure
a nd .J ATO bottles. drops, surge pressures and effect of therma l shock.

99
 FLETCHER AVIATION CORPORATION

Fletcher's primary business during the year was made for Convair's R3Y flying boat. Design ·work
the design, testing and production of external fuel was completed on 300, 600 and 900 gallon per min-
tanks. Among the company's products were a 1700 ute reels, each of ·which is equipped with automatic
gallon tank for the Boeing B-47, a 150 gallon tank
controls that can be operated by the pilot, elimi-
for the Grumman F9F and a 230 gallon tank for
the Lockheed T2V. nating the need for a separate operator.
Fletcher also continued development work on Production of the FU-24 utility airplane was
in-flight refueling equipment. A production quan- continued and further development work was ac-
tity of 250 gallon per minute in-flight reels were complished on the Flair ll5 airborne vehicle .

Fletcher refueling reels installed on Convair R3 Y.

GOODYEAR AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Goodyear Aircraft continued production in the the field of high temperature resisting plastics for
lighter-than-air field .in both ASW and AEW Air- planes and missiles. Production of electronic ana-
ships. The largest non-rigid airship ever built log computers maintained a high level and pro-
entered the final stages of construction. Goodyear
duction of rocket booster cases continued at near
also launched a ZPG-2W Airship, carrying the larg-
est antenna ever constructed for the Navy in AEW capJ.ci ty. Aircraft and missile guidance systems
miSSiOnS . were being produced in quantity. Radar antenna
An evaluatio n quantity of the Inflatoplane was structures were being built in several different de-
being constructed fo r both the Navy and Army. signs for many different phases of the defense of
Development work was progressing rapidl y in United States.

100
 GRUMMAN AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING CORP.

Grumman co ntinued a m ove toward increased

eli er if1ca tion, chalking up three m ajor develop-
m.ents in 1957. Foremost ,., as th e Lono- Island
finn's r e-entry into a commercial market "'it aban-
d o n ed a t the outset of the Ko rea n conflict. The
n ew product, a turbo-prop executi e transport
n amed " Gulfstrea m ," was eX:pected to roll off pro-
du ction lines la te in the yea r.
The second major item on 1957's calenda r of de-
velopments was the company's joining Army ranks
for the first time. The product: a n ew hi gh er per -
formance observation airplane (the 'lo h aw k) tha t
was selected in design comp etition b both the
Army and Marine Corps.
The observa tion airpl ane, when in production,
will make Grumman a supplier of v~uioys t -pes of
aircraft to all military services.
Third , Grumman closed the year with the De-
cember 31st announcement tha t it was the winner
in design competition for a n a ttack au:pla ne for
the Navy. Designed for high and low al titude oper-
ation, the carrier-based aircraft will b e tuTbojet
Grumman's new tu1·bo-p1·op executive tTanspoTt.
powered and will be manned b y a crew of two.
Beyond these developments, Grumman com-
pleted production of its F9F-8 Cougar, continuing The rugged SA-16A Albatross amphibian vvas in
a full scale schedule on the produ ction of th e F9F- production for Indonesia under the Mutual De-
8T two-seat figh terj train er version of the Cougar. fense Assistance Program, with Air Force and Coast
Other production aircraft included the FllF-1 Guard "A's" undergoing a modification program
Tiger jet fighter, the S2F Tracker anti-sub aircraf t, at the Long Island plant. Modified aircraft (SA-
the TF-1 Trader cargo and passenger a irplane a nd l6B's) have a greater wingspan, offering increased
the v\TF-2 Tracer, an early ·wa rning aircraft. range and altitude capabilities.

I-liLLER HELICOPTERS

Hiller's role as a producer of ver ti cal lift devices during· the . year. The Rotorcycle ;vas designed and
continued to grow in 1957 "vith the i·u trodu ction developed for :Marine Corps use.
to service of the Army H-2 3D helicopter. Initial The transport-size X-18 tilt-wing VTOL, being
deliveries of the aircraft, which has a drive sys tem built for the Air Force, was largely completed dur-
designed for I 000 hours between overhauls, were ing the year and scheduled for early roll-out and
m a de late in the year. flight test. Earlier, a series of X-18 wind tunnel
The Flying Platform program continued under tests at Langley Aeronautical Laboratory of the
Army sponsorship. The new three-engine ducted National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics had
fan platforms were completed and started into their proved successful.
test programs designed to bring closer to practical In the commercial field, Hiller continued sales
utilization the radical new concept for lift and missions of its 12-C, with emphasis focused on
simplified control. South Ameri ca and Australia. The compan y also
Hiller's one-man helicopter, the XROE-1 col- embarked on a program to help communities estab-
lapsible Rotorcycle, was successfully demonstrated lish practical standards for heliports.

101
 HUGHES AIRCRAFT COMPANY
HUGHES TOOL COMPANY

Early in 1957 the Air Force and Hughes revealed of nuclear electronics, for studying the effects of
the existence of a new air-to-air guided missile. nuclear radiation on electronic equipment, at the
The missile, a new version of the Hughes Falcon Culver City plant.
designated GAR 1-D, was developed in the Culver HAC established a unique scholarship program
City Laboratories and was being manufactured at for high school students majoring in science or
Tucson, Arizona. The GAR 1-D is a radar-guided mathematics. The program combines paid research
supersonic missile designed to be carried by all- experience with a cash grant for college. Twelve
weather jet interceptors like the Northrop F-89H juniors and seniors selected from public schools
and the Convair F-l02A. in the Greater Los Angeles area worked for pay
Hughes Tool Company was also active in the air- at the Hughes Culver City Laboratory in the sum-
craft business in 1957. In mid-January the com- mer on a ten-week research project. Each received
pany unveiled the Hughes Model 269 ultra-light at additional $.400 grant to attend the college of
two-man helicopter. Only eight and one-half feet his or her choice upon graduation.
high, its empty weight of 850 pounds is about half In mid-summer Hughes Aircraft Company un-
that of the smallest operational helicopters accom- veiled a new guided missile based on detection of
modating more than one man. Its length is 19 feet infra-red radiation.
5 inches, and diameter of the 3-blade main rotor is Designated GAR-2A it was the latest in the Fal-
25 feet. Skid-type landing gear is used. Its lifting con GAR series of air-to-air missiles produced for
capacity, 900 pounds, is more than its weight. all-weather interceptors of the Air Defense Com-
mand. Secret of the weapon's operation is its revo-
Hughes Aircraft Company continued to expand
lutionary guidance unit which senses, at a distance
during the year and a new electronics plant and
of miles, the infra-red radiation thrown out by in-
engineering facility were planned for Fullerton,
vading aircraft. Chief difference between the GAR-
California.
2A and the GAR-I and ID missiles lies in the IR
Continuing to expand in the student-aid field, guidance nature of the 2A; the others are guided
the company started a work-study plan for under- by radar.
graduates, with full payment of college tuition and Probably one of the biggest advances of the year
related expenses for students while they work part- by the HAC was the development of an airborne
time in their chosen fields. The new program was miniaturized digital computer that can fly an Air
expected to raise to nearly 950 the number of part- Force jet interceptor airplane, through all phases
time or full-time employees studying for degrees of supersonic combat, from takeoff to touchdown,
at company expense in its extensive engineering leaving the pilot free to make tactical decisions.
scholarship plan. The program was extended to Called Digitair, it is small enough to fit into the
undergraduates outside the company for the first cabinet of a 21-inch table model television set, yet,
time. it can make 9600 basic arithmetical computations
In March Hughes was awarded two Air Force in one second and render 6250 decisions in one
contracts totaling $15,486,692 for work on airborne minute. Its extremely light weight, 120 pounds,
electronic armament control systems. The follow- was made possible through new advances in mini-
ing month the company created a new department aturization techniques.

KAMAN AIRCRAFI' CORPORATION

Highlight of 1957 for Kaman was the receipt Kaman also won an Air Force competition for
of a prototype quantity contract for the HU2K-l a local crash rescue helicopter using its Navy
helicopter, winner of a Navy Bureau of Aero- HOK-1 to demonstrate the technique of airlifting
nautics competition. Of two entries submitted by fire fighting equipment and a rescue team to the
Kaman, the company won a single-rotor design scene of a crash. The company received an Air
powered by General Electric's T58 engine. Force contract for the production of two types of

102
crash re cue helicopters: the H-43A powered by a
Pra tt & Wh itney V\ asp R-1340 engine and the
H -43 B powered b y Lycom ing's T53 gas tmbine.
During 1957 Kaman produced HOK-1 helicop-
ters for the Navy and Marines. The com pan} also
r ece ived a contract to produce HUK-1 helicopters
(modified HOKs) for the Navy.
In October, Kaman leased 300,000 square feet of
additional productio n space and aira-aft manu-
facturing equipment in Moosup, Co!lnecticut, to
supplement the main pl an t in Bloomfield, Con-
necticut. The Moosup plant is now turrting ou t
subassemblies for the m <iin plant a nd ,,, ill add
Karnan 's subco ntrac t operations to its activitie in
the near future. ~1ocku.jJ of Kaman's n ew HU2K-1.
Early in the year Kaman formed its uclear
Division in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The u-
clear Division is engaged in systems analys is and funds. Included are robot helicopters, R o tochutes,
research in the fields of nuclear ordnance and the STOL aircraft a nd other projects which are classi-
application of certain aeronautical de>rices to the fied.
special weapons field. Kaman r eached its highest employmen t level
In the fields of r esearch and development, Kaman with 1400 employees. Sales for the first six months
Aircraft has contracts with the Army, Navy and of 1957 totaled $7, 139,800 compared to $6,497,000
Air Force and in addition is carrying out certain for the first six months of 1956. Backlog as of
Research and Development programs with its own December I 95 7 was approximately $33-million.

LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

The new, turboprop L ockheed Electra r olled out during the yea r to I 44- planes for 11 a irlines.
of the plant in November of 1957, a month ahead Fli 0oht testinu
0
of the Air Force F-104A Starfighter
of schedule. First flight took place December 6, neared completion and the ultrasonic d ay-and-night
56 d ays a head of schedule. Electra orders increa eel fi ghter was being prepared for early entry into serv-

Lockh eed's GeoTgia division builds the C-130 H e1·cu.les tmnspMt.

 ice with Air Defense Command.
The JetStar jet utility transport started its flight
test program after a prototype construction period
of only 241 days. A sales program for the l 0-pas-
senger plane, designed for military requirements,
was launched.
The company also completed deliveries of 25
1649A Starliners for TWA's "Jetstream" service,
under one of the largest single commercial contracts
ever undertaken by Lockheed.
Production of T-33 jet trainers for the Air Force
and P2V-7 Neptune anti-submarine warfare planes
for the Navy was continued.
Lockheed also received a marked increase in its
orders for the Polaris, solid-propellant intermediate
range ballistic missile being developed for the
Navy. During the year, the Missile Systems Divi-
sion's backlog rose to about $100-million-more
than four times higher than last year's figure .
For the first nine months of 1957, sales totaled
$645,727,000, a company record. Total commercial
sales for the p eriod-for 68 Super Constellations
and I 649A's-were $ I 75 ,356,000, also a record. Cargo is loaded into I-l eTcules projJjet air freight er.

THE MARTIN COMPANY

In keepin- 0
o- with the current industrial trend to- divisions and for the Ba ltimore division .
ward shorter n ames, company stockholders ap- On November 18, the Company created a new
proved in April a change of the firm's official name division under one of its most experienced vice
from "The Gl enn L. Martin Company" to "The p r esidents to expedite on-the-spot arrangements
Martin Company." for la un ching both the Navy Vanguard satellite
The year was also marked by an expansion of ro cket a nd the Air Force Titan intercontinental
faciliti es at the new Denver and Orlando Divisions ballistic missile. This division will be responsible
and a revision of the organizational corporate for all Martin activities at Patrick Air Force Base
structure to handle the added management respon- a nd Cape Canaveral, Florida.
sibilities. A corporate staff was created to deter- At Denver, where M artin is developing the Titan
mine policies and goals and to evaluate and control intercontinental ballistic missile under a $358-mil-
the business as a whole. A vice president and gen- lion contract from the Air Force, work shifted from
eral m an ager was appointed for each of these new interim facilities to the permanent plant about 20
miles southwest of the city. Besides 306,700 square
feet of factory space, an engineering and adminis-
1Va vy LSD takes aboard a Martin P5M patml seaplane to u·ation building of 155,400 square feet, and the
illustrate new conce jJl of mobile seajJlane strihing forc es. necessary power and maintenance facilities, the
building complex includes a cold flow laboratory
and four ca ptive firing stands for static tests of
the mammoth missile. lVIanufacturing, assembly
and testin g operations can all be carried out a t
this division.
In Orl ando, Florida, Martin b egan production
of two missiles-Lacrosse and Bullpup-and the
Missile M as ter, an electronic system for coordinat-
ing Nike and Hawk anti-aircraft batteries. The
Navy Bullpup is a n air-to-surface missile design ed
to prov id e li ght a tta ck aircra ft •vith an accurate, transporting more than 400 passengers or three
r l atively in ex p en i' e weapon agains t ta nks, piJJ- light tanks or a full y-equipped infantry compan
b oxes, tru ck convo s, and other sma ll but im- with vehicles and three clays of supplies. Operating
portant targets. from natura l " indestructible rmn' ays," the sea-
During most of 1957, Martin-Orl ando carried on planes would provide logistical support anywhere
produ ction in temporary faciliti es. The 18.6-mil- in the ·world.
li on plant, which includes half a million square In \pril, the N avy let a contract of more than
feet of floor sp ace, was sch edule l to operation in $24-million for I'vianin to modernize the power
J a nuary, 1958. plant, electrical and electronic sys tems of eighty
In Baltimore, Marti n continued produ ction of early P5 '[ Marlins and to add magnetic airborne
two n ew vers io ns of the S. F TM-61 i\f a tador. In detection units to increase their efficiency on anti-
Ap ril , the A ir Force revealed that th e l\ I a tador submarine patrol duty and air-sea rescue opera-
tactica l missiles already in operation a round the tions. The program ,,, as expected to last through
globe were being replaced by the T l'vi-6lC, which most of 1959.
boasts g~eater accuracy th a n the T ?vi-61 , a vas tly Major components of the Vanguard satellite
improved guidance system, a nd high resi. tan ce to launching rocket were flight-tested successfully in
electronic countermeasures. The T !f-61B, '~hich May and October. The first and third-stage engines
the \ir Force recently redesignated as the T ! 1-76, ''' ere flown. The October test also proved the aero-
is longer a nd ha s a shorter wing span. It h as greater dynamic soundness of the full Vanguard configura-
ra nge, a folded-wing design which factlitate speedy tion, since "dummies" of the second a nd third
assembly at its launch site, and the abi_!ity to carry stages were mounted atop the "live" first-stage
out either high or low-level attacks. M artin also engine. On December 6, 1957, the first complete
developed "drag" chutes and other d evices wh ich test vehicle was launched unsuccessfully.
permit the Air Force to recover intac t the M atadors During the year, production was completed on
used as target or test drones. In June, the compan y the B-57E, a twin-jet tow-target airplane which can
delivered its 1000th Matador (i ncludincr a ll types) be converted for use as a tactical bomber. Field
to the Air Force. tests continued on the use of the latest types of
In July, a 4 1,000 square foot structural tes t build- frangible aerial targets with the B-57E.
ing was completed at the Baltimore Division. It Atomic resea rch continued in Martin's Nuclear
can be used to tes t complete assembli es of the gia nt Division, where a contract was signed in August
P6M SeaMaster. to supply four tubular fuel element assemblies to
Flight tests of the SeaMaster were scheduled for the Phillips Petroleum Company for use in its
resumption near the end of the yea r. In February, Material Test Reactor. Among the atomic projects
a P5M Marlin was used to demonstrate the Navy's under development at Martin are a 12,500-kilowatt
ability to service · seaplanes in an LSD (La11ding '\!Vater Reactor Power Station and a 1000 to 2000-
Ship Dock). Later in the year, Martin proposed a kilowatt "packaged" power plant which can be
new series of 8 to I 0-jet seaplanes, each capable of transported by air to remote locations. In late

Flight tests of the Ma1·tin SeaMaste1· resu med at yea?'-end.

1 0'5
 out fundamental measurements of the heavy cos-
mic ray flux outside the densest part of the atmos-
phere.
In 1957, Martin put into operation an electroni-
cally controlled milling machine. Built to Martin
specifications by the Research Laboratories Divi·
sion of the Bendix Aviation Corporation, the 50-
ton device uses a punched tape control system to
turn out structural parts for the SeaMaster.
A number of new· production methods, testing
devices and components were developed during
the year. To drill and countersink thousands of
Ma1~ tin 's electTonically contTOlled milling machine. rivet holes in the skins of its new SeaMasters, lVIar-
tin produced a vacuum assembly which holds the
drill at the proper angle, then slides it automatical-
1956, The Martin Company formed "Martin Inter- ly along a track to the next position . S~vings in
national," a wholly-owned subsidiary to explore time and tooling costs amount to about 85 percent,
and develon world markets for such nuclear-pow-
~ and the operation is carried out with great accu-
ered electrical generating systems. racy. A high-speed precision tube tester was devel-
RIAS, Inc., transferred its activities from Balti- oped to meet the growing demand for large quan-
more to a four-and-a-half acre estate in nearby tities of electron tubes in the highly complex guid-
Ruxton, Maryland, chosen to provide "the ideal ance and control systems of today's missiles and
atmosphere for its research program." The Research aircraft. A new airborne cooling system was de-
Institute for Advanced Study was formed in 1955 signed and produced to keep electronic equipment
to carry on basic studies in science without any tie within operating temperature ranges even during
to product development or production problems flights at speeds up to Mach 5. A low-cost, portable
at Martin itself. The stately English-style mansion jet engine muffier was developed during 1957 to
gives the RIAS staff of about 40 three times as reduce the noise of aircraft during ground prepara-
much room as they h ad in their city quarters. In tions.
July, RIAS was awarded a contract by the Nation- Martin's corporate sales for the first nine months
al Science Foundation to develop instrumentation of 1957 were $308,186,621, as compared to $228,-
to be used in an artifical earth satellite to carry 766,424 for the same period in 1956.

McDONNELL AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

The year 1957 was a record-making one for the fornia to participate in Sun Run. The two spares
F-101 Voodoo. dropped out quickly as planned, when it was ap-
On December 12, Major Adrian E. Drew piloted parent that the four airplanes were performing
an F-IOlA Voodoo to a new official world speed flawlessly.
record of 1207.6 miles per hour. All four completed the 2145-mile trips without
Just 15 days earlier, RF-101 Voodoos had set mechanical difficulty of any kind. Total distance,
three transcontinental records as part of "Opera- flown mostly with afterburner at supersonic speeds,
tion Sun Run." One RF-101, piloted by Lieutenant amounted to over 15,000 miles.
Gus Klatt, h ad flown from Los Angeles to New On December 2, four RF-101 Voodoos streaked
York in 3 hours 7 minutes. across the Pacific from Tokyo to Honolulu in 6
A nother Voodoo, Hown by Captain Robert Sweet, hours and 35 minutes as part of Operation Mobile
Hew non-stop from Los Angeles to New York and Zebra, for the first non-stop jet Hight over the
return, se tting a \ 1\1 est to East record of 3 hours route.
36 minutes and a round trip mark of 6 hours 46 On December 20, another RF-101 set a new speed
minutes. record for the Japan to Hawaii Hight. The Air
A total of six RF-lOl 's had taken off in the grey Force announced the time as 6 hours 3 minutes
.dawn from Ontario International Airport in Cali- for the nearly 4000-mile flight.

106
 ~~IcDonn e l/'s F-J_01B (/.e ft), F-101/1 (foTeground) and RF-101 fly in fonnation.

The first flight of the new t\ o-sea t interceptor, active dut y with the 363rd Tactical Reconnaissance
the F-lOlB, was successfully completed at Lambert- Wing at Shaw AFB.
St. Louis Municipal Airport on l\llar ch 27, 1957. During the past year work was intensified on the
This latest version of the Voodoo carries a pilot long-range F4H-l, a twin-jet, two-man, all-weather
and radar operator and is equipped with ]57 en- Navy attack fighter. With improved radar and
gines of a more advanced design than its sister firepo·wer, and a crew of two, the F4H should pro-
ships, the F-IOlA and RF-101. The F-lOlB '~ ill vide the fleet \•.rith a weapons syste~ of outstanding
provide the Air Defense Command wi th round-the- effectiveness and reliability.
clock all-weather capabilities and tremendous fire
Airframe and ram jet propulsion units were de-
power.
livered for Talos, the Army and Navy surface-to-air
First deliveries of the two other versions of the
missile scheduled for fleet use next year.
Voodoo were made during the year to operational
squadrons of the Air Force. Sales of $335,287,764 for fiscal 1957 represented
On May 2, 1957, the first F-IOlA was delivered an 80 percent increase over 1956.
to the 27th Strategic Fighter vVing at Bergstrom The backlog on September 30, 1957 vvas $636,-
AFB, and four clays later, the RF-101 went on 545,719.

NORTH AMERICAN AVIATION, INC.

With a wide diversifica tion of products, North miles per hour for long distances without refueling
American's work during the year ranged from pro- at ceilings of over 70,000 feet. These three projects
duction of operational plane types to ver y advanced were being handled by the Los Angeles division,
research and development projects. while other research work was in process at the
In the latter field, the company was working on Rocketdyne, Autonetics and Atomics International
designs for the YF-108 long range interceptor and Divisions.
the X-15 research plane. It also won an Air Force Parallel with these projects were two others at
contract for the '1\TS-110 strategic bomber with a the Columbus, Ohio, Division, an integrated engi-
radical departure in aircraft design. This Air Force neering and manufacturing plant specializing in
bomber will be capable of speeds in excess of 2000 Navy projects. Columbus went into production on

107
 North Ame1·ican's new jet utility airplane was scheduled for first flight in 1958.

the T2J jet trainer and was developing the A3J ing B-52. At the same time, MDD revealed ex-
attack weapon system, while also completing Fleet istence of a special section devoted to the study of
Indoctrination for the FJ-4B Fury Jet. space travel.
Production of F-lOOD's and F-lOOF's at Los An- Space also drew attention in research and devel-
geles and FJ-4B's at Columbus continued. The year opment at Rocketdyne where scientists studied the
saw, after ten years, the final phasing out of the problems of ion propulsion, and in the Los Angeles
F-86 Sabre Jet, America's conqueror of the Russian Division where fabrication started on the X-15
MIG-15 in Korea. The F-86D interceptor version research airplane for the Air Force, Navy and Na-
was continued through a modification program tional Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The
producing the F-86L as part of the vital SAGE rocket-powered X-15 was designed to fly higher and
defense system. Phased out at Columbus was the faster than man has ever flown before.
T-28 trainer for the Navy after four years of on- The F-107 completed its preliminary testing in
schedule production. the Mach 2 area and was turned over to the NACA
Air Force cancellation of the SM-64 Navaho flight section for continued exploration of flight
guided missile program for budgetary reasons halted phenomena in this range.
production of the supersonic weapon. But out of Design and production of supersonic aircraft
Navaho had come pioneering work in inertial navi- and missiles brought forth new research equipment
gation and control systems by Autonetics and rocket and production techniques in the handling of
propulsion at Rocketdyne's Canoga Park and Neo- titanium, stainless steel and other high temperature
sho, Miswuri, plants where engines were being pro- materials essential for the demands of higher per-
duced for such major missiles as the Convair Atlas, formance.
Douglas Thor, Army Jupiter and Chrysler Red- At Los Angeles the company put in operation a
stone. privately-owned wind tunnel capable of supersonic
Retaining the nucleus of the Navaho technical speeds up to 2500 miles an hour. Capable of test-
team, the Missile Development Division won a ing models in the sub, trans and supersonic ranges,
design competition and contract to develop an the Tri-Sonic tunnel cost approximately $5-million.
air-to-surfa ce missile for use on the Air Force Boe- Work was started at Columbus on a low speed

108
wind tunnel with control room space for the addi- a portable, general purpose digital computer for
tiOn of a high speed tunnel, and an alternating the Air Force. The 200-pound instrument was de-
current electrical laboratory. signed to meet special needs of field units depend-
Specialists of the :\Iissile Development Di,·ision ent upon immediate and accurate information for
designed, built and started operating a vacuum research, planning and defense operations. An-
wind tunnel for Rocketdyne to furnish data on other entry in the computing field was Rocketdyne's
rocket engine performances at extreme altitudes. Instrumentation Digital On-Line Transcriber
One of the first of this type, it stimulates flight (IDIOT) for high speed translation of test data.
conditions on the fringe of the earth's atmosphere. The equipment is being manufactured under li-
Armament control engineers in the Autonetics cense by 1\Iinneapolis-Honeywell.
Division completed a specially designed microwave Other Autonetics developments included a
test tower for research and development of ad- unique monopulse radar for the Republic F-105, a
vanced systems for the Air Force and :\Tavy. Equip- transistorized antenna selector for airborne com-
ment on the 60-foot tower simulates target informa- munications and navigation, and advanced NADAR
tion for use in development of new radar systems. magnetic tape recorder-reproducer systems now used
The controls can make the targets appear in varied in various Air Force and Navy aircraft.
sizes and distances. An outgrowth of the Navaho program is Auto-
Through another device, Autonetics is subjecting netics' fully automatic, self-contained landing sys-
its guidance and control systems' components to tem tested in more than 400 successful landings of
functional and environmental tests at near 90,000 unmanned test missiles and piloted airplanes. Orig-
feet in a metal-framed gondola carried aloft by a inally designed for the Korth American X-10, the
huge helium-filled balloon. ALS automatically levels off an aircraft through a
Better production accuracy and savings in time pre-determined path to touchdown. The system
and cost of aircraft work was demonstrated at Los is adaptable to instrument landings and ground
Angeles through use of Autonetics' NUMILL, a controlled approach systems.
complete numerical control system, in controlling Starting the year with postwar record employ-
operations of a standard milling machine. ment of 72,537 in all divisions, North American
For profile mill fixtures (patterns used to guide dropped approximately 30 percent by year end
the stylus of a profiler in production of a wide because of the Navaho cancellation and reduced
variety of parts) NUI\IILL eliminated handwork, labor requirements under aircraft contracts. Finan-
saved time and cost of normal 20 percent scrap cially, the 1957 fiscal year which ended September
and rework and increased the accuracy of the com- 30 set record sales and earnings.
pleted tool. Sales totaled $1,243,767,483 and net income was
Autonetics also designed and produced RECOl\fP, $33,864,462.

NORTHROP AIRCRAFT, INC.

A rna jor refinement in the corporate structure of electro-mechanical and opto-mechanical products
Northrop Aircraft took place early in 1957. Prin- and components.
cipal steps in the realignment were the creation A multi-million dollar engineering and science
of an overall corporate organization with head- center was completed at the Northrop Division.
quarters in Beverly Hills, California. and establish- The new facility houses approximately 3000
ment of company operations under a line division Northrop engineers in an air-conditioned environ-
structure. The Northrop facility in Hawthorne ment of shadowless lighting and modular parti-
where aircraft and missiles are in produciion was tioned work areas.
designated the Northrop Division. A new division Other new Northrop Division facilities con-
named Northrop International was established as structed simultaneously with the scientific research
the overseas marketing arm of the company. Radio- center included a 46,000 square foot engineering
plane Company, formerly a wholly-owned subsidi- test laboratory, a high performance wind tunnel, a
ary, was merged in the corporation as a division. new air-conditioned cafeteria, a modern "sales
A fourth division called Nortronics was created to showcase" building to house product displays, a
handle the company's growing activity in the de· new tooling structure. tank sealant building and
sign, development and manul'acture of electronic, improved underground utilities.

109
 first production c;ontract although production pro-
totype versions of the missile have been manufac-
tured by Northrop for testing purposes. In one
spectacular test flight, the Snark flew 5000 miles
from Cape Canaveral, Florida, to a taro-et <::>
near
Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean un-
der simulated operational conditions. The Snark
delivered a dummy hydrogen warhead accurately
on its target after the lon g flight.
Further progress in the developrnent of the
Northrop T-38 supersonic jet trainer was recorded
in 1957. Extensive pre-production testino- marked
<::>
the T_-38 progra~~- --r:~1: T-38. is designed to give
the Air Fo~oc_e a pure Jet tramer with a perform-
NOTthTOjJ T-38 sujJenonic jet tminer. ance capability to match the characteristics of super-
sonic combat aircraft.
From the Army Ordnance
. .
Corr)s , NTo 1·tl1rop re-
ceived contracts amountmg to approximate! $20-
million for the Hawk ground-to-air mi - y
. ssi 1e system.
Additional facilities built during the same period This amount covered research develo d
' pment an
for the Air Force include a super-quiet mufHer manufacture of Hawk airframe co 1111 d
)Onents an
for testing guided missile engines, an environ- weapon system support equipment A . b
· s maJor su -
mental laboratory for simu lation of various flights contractor to Raytheon Manufacturin C
N ort h rop h as responsi.b.111ty. g ompany,
and launch conditions in aircraft and missile test- for struct'l . .
ll a 1 111 tegn ty
0

.
ing programs and a guided missile pre-flight instal- and aerodynamic performance of the . . .
. . . lhlSSI 1e, design
lation. and fabncatwn of rna ]Or portion of .
. . . t11e auoframe,
The Air Force placed a $73-million production the mobile launcher, m1sslle loader ·
order with Northrop for Snark SM-62 intercon- . • pa 11 et and re-
useable contamer. }.tfanufacture of h
·
o f· t h e Hawk m1sslle
tinental guided missiles for delivery to operational . . is Uncit e Northrop
portiOns 0

units of the Strategic Air Command. This was the company's Anaheim, California fac·l· envay at the
• 1 Ity.

PIASECKI AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

A con tract for $650,000 for construction and test of Fairey Aviation Company, Limited
of an "aerial jeep" was awarded the company by . new "Ul tra L"Ig h t " l1elicopte ' of England.'
f or t h en
the Army's Transportation Research and Engineer- . r. Tvvo addi-
tiOnal contractua 1 agreements were b . .
ing Command. A new concept in military aircraft, ated with other European aircraft eing negou-
the jeep will have a low silhouette and the ability manufacturers.
to "hug the ground," as well as all-weather capabil-
ity. Since its rotor blades are protected by shrouds,
it will be able to operate in streets, between build- Fairey ultra-light helicoj t
J er.
ings and among trees and its agility and small size
permit easy concealment or camouflage.
The company also received a Navy Bureau of
Aeronautics Contract for the second "Sea Bat."
The original design of the "Bat" was undergoing
0 ground tests.
Ground tests and wind tunnel tests were being
concluded on a "ring-wing" VTOL and further
development work was planned.
The company was appointed U. S. representative

110
 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

vVith sales of $26.6-million, Piper celebrated the was stepped up hom 150 to 160 horsepo·wer and a
biggest year in its history. The volume represented similar boost was made in the Tri-Pacer's single
an in crease of six percent over 1956, the previous Lycoming. The new power was achieved at a
record year. weight increase of only six pounds by increasing
Production amounted to 2395 airo·aft, and once the compression ratio.
again the pace in dollar volume "'as set b) the Also in production were the PA-18 Super Cub,
twin-engine Apache, which accounted for about general utility plane in wide use throughout the
40 percent of the company's gross. world, and the PA-18-A agricultural plane that is
A Piper milestone was celebrated in August offered as sprayer, duster, or combination unit.
when the company turned out its 45,000th plane. Vhth Freel E. vVeick as director, the new Piper
More th an 650 aircraft carrying 2300 persons flew Aircraft Development Center was established early
into Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, to join in the cele- in 1957 at Vera Beach, Florida. The center is
bration. devoted to the design, construction and test flight
Late in the year, the company introduced a n ew- of certain future aircraft to be marketed by Piper.
comer to the Piper line-the Comanche, a low- This new establishment is in addition to the
wing, all-metal high performance business plane. existing development group at the main plant in
It was placed in quantity production. Lock Haven.
For its 1958 line, Piper increased the horsepower On February 11, 1957, Piper Airo-aft Corpora-
of its executive twin, the Apache, and the Tri- tion was admitted to trading on the New York
Pacer. Power in the Apache's Lycoming engines Stock Exchange.

REPUBLIC AVIATION CORPORATION

In early 1957, Republic's F-105 Thunderchief

supersonic fighter-bomber was unveiled to the pub-
lic as the company received an Air Force order
for volume production of the aircraft, which ·w ill
be used by units of the Tactical Air Command .
The company also started regul ar flights of the
F-105B from the plant airport at Farmingdale,
Long Island.
Another new aircraft, the French designed and
built Alouette helicopter, was introduced to the
United States b y Republic in 1957. The Alouette,
a five-place, medium range rota-jet 1-vi th a cruis-
ing speed of 110 miles an hour, is being marketed
by Republic's Helicopter Division in the U . S.,
Canada, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Central
America. Republic also has m anufacturin g r ights
for the Alouette and it is planned to enter pro-
duction by gradually phasing in Republic-built
components ·with French-built components. Made R ep·ublic intmduces A louette II to U. S.
by Sud Aviation, largest aircraft m anufac turer in
Western Europe, the Alouette set a world's heli-
copter altitude record of 26,931 feet in 1955. tems were conceived for battle area operations by
In the missile field, Republic began production Army field units to provide quick intelligence data
of one of two combat surveillance drone systems on the enemy. Both systen1.s use advanced tech-
under contract from the Army's Signal Corps. The niques of surveillance such as photography, radar
first of the two types of drones is propeller-driven and infrared.
and designed for immediate operational use. The The company's Missiles Division also produced
other is an advanced, future type. Both drone sys- nose cone structural units for an intercontinental

111
ballistic missile under subcontract from General
Electric Company and continued to supply Terra-
pin high altitude research and weather reconnais-
sance rockets to the University of Maryland for
its upper atmosphere research program. Other mis-
sile activities include air-to-air, air-to-surface and
surface-to-air projects.
During the year Republic delivered the last
F-84F Thunderstreak fighter-bomber, culminating
lO years of F-84 production. A total of 7883 F-84
Thunderjets, RF-84F Thunderflashes and F-84F
Thunderstreaks were delivered. Flying under the
flags of 16 different nations F-84 Thundercraft have
compiled more than 4,000,000 hours of flight time, GTound-breaking cnemonies faT R epublic's new $1.2-
won 10 major aviation trophies and set speed and million wind tunn el facility.
distance records.
In 1957 Republic formed a Commercial Con-
tracts Division to provide engineering, development problems connected with high speed flight of
and manufacturing services to other aviation com- manned aircraft and missiles.
panies and allied industries and to market Repub- Construction of the company's 3000-mile-an-hour
lic-developed commercial products. wind tunnel facility was starfed in September. Actu-
Among the items being marketed by the com- ally two tunnels-a transonic and a supersonic-
mercial division is an automatic circuit analyzer are housed in one laboratory. The facility vvas ex-
which reduces the time for electrical circuit checks pected to be in operation in April, 1958.
from hours to less than five seconds for every 100 Republic received a contract from the Air Force
circuits. Five different models of the circuit ana- for development of a I 000-clegree Fahrenheit hy-
lyzer, ranging from I 00 to 1200 circuit capacity, draulic temperature system for high Mach number
have been developed. All of the models except the aircraft. It is also doing research into high tem-
100 circuit portable field unit a:re available. perature surface coatings to resist friction heat at
In 1957 Republic continued to expand its base very supersonic and hypersonic speeds; high-
for increased research and development. In March strength, high-temperature super alloys; new an-
the company announced it had completed its inter- tenna design concepts and servomechanism systems.
national "talent" hunt for scientists and had formed The company continued, in 1957, its research
a Scientific Research Staff. The Staff, divided into in titanium extrusions and sheet stock.
nuclear physics, applied mechanics, electronics and Net income for the first nine months of the year
aerophysics sections, is working on a series of basic was $4, 890,418 on sales totaling $220,744,918.

RYAN AERONAUTICAL COMPANY

Highlight of the year was the initial test pro- made before 100,000 persons at Andrews Air Force
gram on Ryan turbojet VTOL aircraft, the Air Base, Washington, D. C.
Force X-13 Vertijet. Climaxing 10 years of research At year's end, Ryan unveiled another revolution-
and development in this new area, Ryan success- ary type aircraft in its VTOL series, the Verti-
fully d emonstrated a complete VTOL mission in plane, a vertical-rising plane with conventional
April with the X-13. The plane made a vertical co nfiguration, except for extremely large wing
takeoff, hovered on its exhaust, transitioned to flap s. This plane, being developed for the Army
horizontal flight for high speed runs and returned under technical supervision of the Office of Naval
to vertical hover and landing on its service trail er. Research, achieves vertical takeoff and landing by
Chief engineering tes t pilot Peter F. Girard handled employing the deflected slipstream principle.
the plane on this flight at Ed wards Air Force Base, Quantity production of Firebee remote-controlled
Ca.liforn ia . L ater, a similar demonstration was je t target drones was stepped up for both the Air

112
Force a nd the Navy. During 1957, the fu-st Fire- First details of R yan's unique system of auto-
bees joined opera ti o n al squ ad ron s of the Fleet at matic aerial navigation for high-speed jet planes
Brow n F ie ld, Otay Mesa, on the vVest Coast, and (AN/ \PN-67) were revea led b y the avy as quan-
at th e C hin coteagu e, Virginia, Na al A ir Sta tion tity output of the "electronics intellige nce" device
on th e Eas t Coas t. A third squ aclro n, at the Naval continued production under a $5-million program.
Ordnan ce Test Sta tion, Inyok ern, California, was The · small, light\·\ eight system, which gathers data
being equipped with Firebees for missile targe t instantaneously, ·with "pin-point" accuracy, and
practice. 1\IIean whil e, testing of constanlly im- \\ itl1 no dependence on ground facilities or aero-
pro ve d versions continued at the P t. 1VIu gu, Cali- logical data, h as been extensively flight tested, and
fo rni a, Naval Air M issile Test Center, a nd at the h as p assed the Navy's most stringent Operational
A ir Force Missile Development T est Cen ter, N ew Development Force tests. It has been used by Navy
Mexico. T o d a te, over 800 flights h ave been made planes on "Expedition Deepfreeze" in the Ant-
b y Firebees a t va rious installations tlu-ough out the arcti c, "Project Magnet," which measures direction
country. and intensity of the earth's m agnetic field over
Firebees are now being assembled at R •an 's n e' oceans a nd trackless polar '·\ astes, and " Project
137, 000 -s qu a re-foot plant at Torrance, Ca liforni a, A ROW A," exploration of the jet stream.
·where planned expansion will vir tu all · double the Outgro·wths of the ANj APN -67 are a helicopter
floor space within the next year and pennit the hovering detector for use in hunter-killer anti-
transfer of Douglas DC-8 " power p ackage" and submarine operations, and an automatic n avigator
pylon assembly work from the San Diego pla nt, adaptable to small Army reconnaissance a nd liaison
which during 1957 began delivery of th e produc- planes.
tion units for this jetliner project. R yan further developed its welding techniques

R yan X ·I3 vert ijet is flown neaT the Pentagon, W ashington.

 More than 130,000 square feet of manufacturing
and administrative space was added to the Ryan
plant at its Lindbergh Field location during 1957
with construction of an Engineering Research and
Development Center, a Tooling Fabrication Build-
ing, and ex tensions to existing structures. Cost was
close to $. 1-million. The addition gave Ryan a
total of more than 1,000,000 square feet. Personnel
total climbed to about 8500.
In addition to the Torrance plant acquisition,
Ryan purchased a machine shop at Inglewood,
California, co ntaining specialized machine tools;
Ryan-Navy automatic navigation system. and leased a new 30,000-square-foot plant on
Kearny Mesa, San Diego, for its growing electronics
by perfecting spotwelding of huge, double-con- section.
toured aircraft panels under automatic positioning During 1957, the company also continued pro-
and welding control to meet production require- duction of high temperature engine components.
ments of the Boeing KC-135 jet tanker-transports. These include major units for the General Electric
Deep-throated welding machines are employed with J79, Pratt & Whitney J57 and Wright J65 jet
automatic positioning tables to spotweld aluminum engines, and various components for a number of
skins for sections of the massive aft fuselages. oth ~ r projects.

SCHWEIZER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Schweizer's principal work during the year was also worked on cabins for a new Bell helicopter.
manufacture of component parts and assemblies for The company also built a number of gliders for
major aircraft firms. Among sub-contract items the Air Force Academy, where they are being used
produced were ailerons, rudders, elevators and for preliminary flight training and recreation.
ramp doors for the Fairchild C-123; doors for Bell Schweizer also completed a contract calling for _
and Kaman helicopters; booms for a Grumman the reconditioning of a number of L-17 planes
Navy plane; and gundeck assemblies for the Re- which were turned over to the Reserve Officers
public F-84F. In the fall of the year, the company Training Corps.

SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT DIVISION

UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Full production of S-55, S-56 and S-58 helicopters ford plant with a tentative completion date of fall,
continued at Sikorsky Aircraft's Bridgeport and 1958. The overhaul and repair facility at the
Stratford plants through 1957 and quantity deliv- Bridgeport airport received departmental status
eries of all three were made to both commercial within the Sikorsky organization.
and military customers. Highlighting the year's personnel news was the
The eight-passenger S-55 and twin-engine S-56 retirement of Igor I. Sikorsky, founder of the com-
were produced in Stratford while production of pany, and his immediate return to work as a con-
the 12-place ship, the S-58, took place in Bridge- sultant. Michael E. Gluhareff, associated with Mr.
port. Ground was broken on a 490,000 square foot Sikorsky 30 years, was named to succeed him as
experimental and engineering addition to the Strat- engineering manager, while Ralph B. Lightfoot

114
 Sikonky H- ' i A ~1 ojave concludes 1000 houn t es ting .

beca me _chief enginee t-- T ota 1 emplo) ment a t m an- to oil sites- a job estimated at more than a year
ufactunng I)lants ancl t 11e overhaul department if accomrJlished throu o·h buildino- roads. In Ca li-
"' '='
avera~ed 11 ,000 during the year_ The flight tes t fornia an S-58 successfullv concluded an experi-
, J '

sta ff mcreased its personnel £rom 14 to 21 because ment in which transmission line towers and neces-
of the greater frequ en cy of mass delivery flig·hts and sary supplies were carried to the mountainous sites
reques ts for pt'lot t ra mmg
· · b y foreign customers. on which they were to be erected. Both S-55 and
Contit~uing its experimentation in gas-turbine S-58 aircraft were in continuous duty in Canad a,
po wer, Stkorsky insta lled two Gen eral Electric T58 resupplying DEWline r adar sites. Other S-55's were
used in oil and mineralogical exploration through-
engines in a modified S-58 (HSS) and beo-an flio·ht
- <:> <:> aut the world.
tests ear1y m the year.
Regul a r deliveries of S-58 helicopters to the
C o mmerci a l S-58 helicopters wer e delivered to rmy, Navy and Marine Corps ,., ere joined during
Ne"v York Airways and Chicago H elicopter A ir- the year by the first of quantities ordered by the
wa ys for p assenger service, as well as to several oil Fre nch military and the v\Test German a nd Japa-
companies for tra nsporta tion of men and equip- n ese defense forces . Also leaving for foreign soil
ment between the mainl and b ases and offshore oil- were Army helicopter companies organized around
drilling rigs. Two S-58's operated in New Guinea. the S-58. Units formed in the United States began
where, in a matter of several weeks, they fle.,v camp regular transportation duties in both Europe and
supplies, personnel, drill-rigs and other equipment the Far East.

STROUKOFF AIRCRAFT COMPANY

During the early part of th e year, flight opera- delivery ea rl y in 1958.

tions of the company were d evoted to completion A study of the YC-13 4 a nd its less than six-cent-a-
of acceptance tests of the Stroukoff YC-1 34, com- ton-mile cost figure for freight opera tions led to its
bin a tion Boundary L ayer Control and Pantobase selection by the Independent Airlines Association
landing gear assault transport. The Pantobase sys- as the a ircraft upon whi ch IAA's Stand-By Airlift
tem permitted the aircraft to ta ke off from la nd, Freight Plan was b ased.
water, unprepared terrain, ice, snow, swa mp or In late summer, negotiations were completed
standard runways. with the Air Force for continuance of the YC-134
Initial tests were completed su ccessfull y and the program.
airplane was delivered to the Air Force's Air M a- The company also completed the design of a
teri el Command. '\1Vork was started on a second four-engined commercial version of the YC-134,
airp lane, which will incorporate a straight sucking using Lycoming T55 turboprop engines. An alter-
BLC system manufactured by Stroukoff. The sys- n a te install a tion featured the Rolls-Royce D art
tem employs a '\1Vestinghouse J 30 engine evacu- po"ver p ackage, similar to that used in the Vickers
ating a ft. The No. 2 airplane was scheduled for Viscount.

115
 TEMCO AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Temco continued its policy of product diversifi- 1957 totalled $89,739,000, an increase of nearly
cation and climbed to new high backlogs during 47 percent over the $61,196,000 for the comparable
1957. 1956 period. Stepped up research and develop-
At the company's various installations in the ment outlay-$3,725,000 for the nine months in
Dallas area, work continued on major components 1957 as compared with $ 1,610,000 in a like period
for n early a dozen first-line military and commer- of 1956-accounted largely for the lower net prof-
cial aircraft. Components ranged in size from a its, $ 1,750,000 through September compared with
58-foot aft fuselage section of the B-52 Stratofortress $2,059,000 for the first nine months of 1956.
to ammunition boxes for a Navy fighter. Due to diversification, defense cutbacks and
Development of a highly-classified missile system stretchouts did not affect the company as drastically
was under way and field engineers were testing a as might have been expected. However, a general
rocket-po wered target drone. Jet engine (]57) "belt-tightening" policy got under way during the
compressor cases, vanes and shrouds were also being second quarter. Along with stretchout of aircraft
manufactured. The company continued its policy procurement, the retrenchment reduced total em-
of total subcontracting by first designing major ployment more than 10 percent to approximately
components of aircraft, then tooling up and manu- 8500.
facturing them.
The company pe'rsonnel moved into a new
Satisfactory progress was reported on various 100,000 square foot engineering center at its Gar-
classified electronics projects. First production land facility and another 100,000 square foot build-
models of the TT-l Pinto, the Navy's new primary ing, to house general offices, was under construc-
jet trainer, rolled off the assembly line at the Dallas tion. A new antenna research laboratory also was
facility. Among new orders in the subcontracting being built on company-owned land at Garland.
field late in the year was a major one for approxi- At Greenville, a 2000-foot extension of the runway
mately $25-million for aft fuselages of the improved gave Temco's facility there a 7500-foot runway
version of the Stratofortress, the B-52G.
and a capacity for the manufacture, overhaul and
Company sales during the first nine months of flight testing of j et aircraft.

Final assembly line for the T emco TT-l Pinto, Navy's n ew ·-iminer. ··
 U~'lTED AIRCRAFI' CORPOR..\TION

.-\ll three didsions of United Aircraft Corpora- The construction was another step in a decade-
tion maintained a high level of development and long building program during which United Air-
production during the year. Because each of them craft spent S2IO-million on company-financed facili-
functions autonomously, reports of the company's ties aggregating 4,877,000 square feet. The com-
technical and manufacturing activities for 1957 pany, committed to an additional $70-million con-
are found under the names of the individual eli- struction program through 1958, will add another
visions: Pratt & 'Vhitney Aircraft (engines), Hamil- 1,162,000 square feet for a total of 9,928,000 square
ton Standard (propellers and turbine aircraft feet, not including leased facilities.
equipment), and Sikorsky Aircraft (helicopters). Total assets at December 31, 1956 (latest date
In 1957, the United Aircraft Research Depart- available) amounted to $291,347,288, compared
ment completed construction of a new addition to with liabilities of $152,975,592 at that date. Back-
its facilities "·hich will house the largest industrial log at the same time was $2.3-billion. Sales for
installation of new electronic data processing equip- 1956 totaled S952,885,142 and produced a net in-
ment in the United States. come of $37,082,493.

VERTOL AIRCRAFI' CORPORATION

The year 1957 marked Vertol's entry into the sands of tons of equipment and personnel during
commercial market, when, in April, the company the building of the :Mid-Canada Line. Modifica-
received a type certificate for its Model 44, largest tion work and training of aircraft pilots and main-
helicopter currently available for civilian use. The tenance crews, conducted by Vertol Aircraft Com-
certification program, conducted jointly by the pany (Canada) , Ltd., at Arnprior, Ontario, began
Civil Aeronautics Administration and the Canadian in September, 1957.
Department of Transport, was accomplished in Research activities were directed toward product
seven months. The Model 44 was offered in three improvement as well as the design of new aircraft
versions: 44A, a 19-seat cargo-utility aircraft; 44 B, and vertical flight concepts.
a 15-seat airliner; and 44C, a deluxe executive Vertol made a series of major improvements on
transport. The plane is an advanced model of the the H-21, contributing to improved stabilization,
military H-21. Vertol also continued production speed, power and payload. These improvements
of the H-21 for delivery to the U. S. Army and are being incorporated on the Vertol 44, along with
Air Force and the French and 'Vest German gov- steel-spar metal rotor blades, which materially re-
ernnlents. duce vibration.
The company received orders for two airline The company broadened its experience with tur-
versions of the ·Model 44 from the French govern- bine power in its helicopters during 1957, as the
ment. The planes were demonstrated in the U. S., H-21D with two General Electric T58 turboshaft
then shipped to Paris where they participated in engines was flown and a VTOL research aircraft,
the Salon Aeronautique in June. powered by a Lycoming T53, went into flight test.
The Swedish government also purchased four of The company also installed two Lycoming T53
the cargo-utility versions of the Model 44 which turboshaft engines in another H-21. Both turbine
will form part of the Swedish Navy's first opera- power plant packages will be offered to current or
tional squadron.· The aircraft are scheduled for future users of the H-21 or Vertol 44.
delivery early in 1958 and will be used primarily The H-2ID turbine program is being carried out
in anti-submarine warfare missions. under a contract awarded a year ago by the U. S.
Nine modified H-2l's belonging to the Royal Army and the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics. The
Canadian Air Force were turned over to Spartan second H-21 turbine program is supported with
Air Services, Ltd., of Ottawa, Canada, at mid-year company funds and U. S. Army engines.
for the first commercial H-21 operation. They are The Vertol tilt-wing VTOL (vertical takeoff and
being used to support Mid-Canada Line radar sites. landing) aircraft was rolled out in April. The
Flown hy the RCAF, these aircraft carried thou- turbine-powered research aircraft is undergoing a

117
 flight program to confirm the design principles of continuing other VTOL studies for high speed
the tilt-wing. Designated Model 76, the aircraft flight. In aclclition, stud ies of STOL (short takeoff
was built under a contract funded by the Army in and landing aircraft) are a lso be ing pursu ed. Ex-
cooperation _w ith the Office of Naval Research. tensive wind-tunne l tests of these ne"· Hi ght con-
The wing of the :Model 76 and two counter- cepts are being conducted in con jun ction with these
rotating rotor propellers tilt as a unit through a studies.
90-degree arc. The wing tilts to a perpendicular During the first nine months of 1957, the com-
position for vertical takeoff and landing and rotates pany's investment in product development increased
into horizontal position for forward Hight. The more than $1.540-million over the same period in
wing can be rotated to any angle for STOL takeoffs. 1956. Sales and earnings (or 1957 were expected to
Research and Preliminary Design engineers are be second only to the record year 1956 .

Vertol H-21 helicopte1· ret?"ieves Ryan Firebee target dTone.

118
 ENGINE MANUFACTURERS

AEROJET-GENERAL CORPORATION

During 1957, Aerojet-General Corporation con- Aerojet's mass-produced Aerobee and Aerobee-
tinued to expand its facilities and actiYities and Hi rockets soared to new achievements during
estimated its sales at the end of its fiscal year, No- 1957. In April, an Aerobee-Hi launched by the
vember 30, at approximately $162-million, or 11 Navy reached a new altitude record of 193 miles
percent aboYe 1956. for single-stage boosted rockets. In July, an Aero-
lVIajor missile projects in which the company bee-Hi participated in the International Geophysi-
"·as engaged were power plants for the Air Force cal Year by a spectacular flight from an enclosed
Titan ICBM (liquid engines), the Navy's Polaris launching tower at Fort Churchill, Canada, built
IRBl\1 (solid engines), the second-stage propulsion by Aerojet-General's Architect Engineer Division.
system for Vanguard (earth satellite program), and In October, an Aerobee launched artificial meteors
the Army's Hawk missile. The company also was into space, and in November an Air Force-launched
producing components on power plants for many Aerobee hoisted a sodium cloud 80 miles above
other major American missiles, including Sparrow Alamogordo, New :Mexico, in a radio experiment.
II, Snark, Sparrow, Terrier, and Bomarc, and boost- Other company developments included the de-
ers for Regulus I and II. One of the year's high- sign and leasing of facilities on Aerojet's Sacra-
lights was delivery of the first production type en- mento site to Douglas Aircraft Company for test-
gine for the Titan missile. ing of the Thor missile, development of an infra-
During the year the company completed con- r~d anticollision dev~c: _for aircraft, and organiza-
struction on a 300,000-square-foot production tiOn of four new dtvtswns: Chemical, Explosive
building at Sacramento, a 40.000-square-foot engi- Ordnance, Structural Plastics, and Turbo l\Ia-
neering building and a 50,000-square-foot Avionics chinery. During 1?57, _Aerojet-General acquired
building at Azusa, as well as additional solid and the Ordnance Engmeenng Corporation of Fred-
liquid test facilities at Sacramento. erick, Maryland, an ordnance-electronics firm,
which is now known as the Ordnance Eno-ineering
Aerojet's nuclear subsidiary, Aerojet-General Nu- Division. 0

cleonics at San Ramon, California, produced more

During 1957, Aerojet-General entered into an
than a dozen AGN-201 reactors, two of which were
agreement with D. Napier & Son, Ltd., of England
installed at the Navy's Postgraduate School at Mon-
for the exchange of data on peroxide rocket en-
terey, California, and at the National Naval Medi- gines. Another agreement was made with Stauffer
cal Center, Bethesda, Maryland, respectively. The Chemical Company of New York for the develop-
Bethesda installation was the first ever made in an ment of borane fuels under the partnership title
American hospital for medical purposes. of Stauffer-Aerojct Company.

119
 A llison ]71-A-2 tw·bojet engine and McDonnell F3H-2N team up for Navy.

ALLISON DIVISION
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION

The Allison-powered Lockheed Electra prop-jet "Operation Hourglass" paralleled commercial

a irliner took to the air December 6, 56 days ahead routes from "block to block," including shut-down
of schedule. This maiden flight culminated a year- of engines for the normal 20-minute debarking
long intensive program in preparation for the and embarking routines.
Electra's starting official CAA certification tests. "Operation Hourglass" was the final phase of a
The General Motors power team for the Electra year-long series of flight and ground endura n ce
received CAA certification in the Fa ll. demonstrations on the 501-Dl3. Shortly before its
Also pointing the way to commercial operation start, a four-engine Lockheed Super Constellation
of the Electra vvas the start of a rugged 1000-hour called the "Elation" began flight endurance dem-
fligh t endurance demonstration of the Allison- onstrations from Lockheed's Burbank facility with
Aeroproducts power package in the n acelles of a the Allison power packages.
Convair YC-I31C transport, a modernized military Earlier, Lockheed's Constella tion "0 ld 1961"
version of the twin -engine Co nva ir 340 commercial flying test bed began flights with an Electra power
airlin er. · team in the right wing outboard position. In an
The accelerated flight endura n ce program, la- equally important phase of the prop-jet program,
beled "Operation Hourglass," was aimed a t accu- Allison Turbo-Liner logged its 1000th flight.
mulatin g as qu ickl y as possible 1000 hours of More tha n 6000 hours of Simulated Flight En-
engine-propell er opera ting data for the military durance testing was accumulated on the 501-Dl3
services, commercial air lin es and ai rframe manu- during th e year, including one test of 625 hours,
fac turers. three of 1000 hours dura tion each a nd six others
Geared to actual commercia l a irlin e sch edul es, of varyin g len g th s totaling 2500 hours.

120
 .\ili~on·p<m·ered Electra sales increased to ll the ·1600-poun~l-thrust J 33-A-3 7 as a 5200-pound-
\\orld airlines "·hich ha\·e purchased a total of H·l thrust pm1·er unit for the :\Iartin T\I-6L\ and
four-engined Electras. Additionally. the 3750- T\I-61 C \Iatador missiles.
horsepm,·er :\Ioclel 501-Dl3 "·as offered in a con- The J71-A-6 is a new installation for the :\fartin
version kit to modernize Com·air 3·10 and ·1·10 \'P-6\f Sea\Iaster and the .J71-A-l3 replaces the
pi'>ton-po"·ered commercial airliners facing obso- J71-.·\-ll as the current production installation in
le~cence in the jet-age. the t"·in-jet Douglas B-66 bomber, RB-66 photo
On the military side of the ledger, the Air reconnaissance and ,,VB-66 all-weather reconnais-
Force's Lockheed C-130 Hercules combat-cargo sance aircraft.
transport continued to log impressi,·e air time Produ::-tion was continued on Allison ]71-A-~
,,·ith its four Allison T56 Prop-jet engines and turbo-jet engines for the :Kavy's \IcDonnell F3H-
. \eroprod ucts Turbo-propellers. ~f\ Demon all-weather clay and night fighters. ]71
The USAF B-17 Allison flying test bed, retaining production for the single-jet Demons is scheduled
its four conventional piston engines, ,,·as used to
through 1958.
flight-test the adnnced T56-A-7 prop-jet en~ine
Production of J33 engines was continued for the
and Aeroproducts Turbo-propeller which "·ere
Chance Vought Regulus guided missiles, USAF
mounted in the aircraft nose. This engine con-
Lockheed T-33 and Navy TV-2 jet trainers.
figuration is rated at 4050 horsepo\\·er and will
pm,·er the C-l30B. During 1957, Allison accumulated 2,071,000
Alliwn received an $8-million Air Force con- hours of gas turbine engine experience. Behind
tract to continue development of a greatly- the overall aircraft engine development program
advanced prop-jet engine. Details were not dis- is flight experience amounting to more than
closed, but it "·as emphasized the \Iodel 550 is an 13,000,000 Allison gas turbine engine hours.
entirely new engine rather than an improved ver- Increasing use was made of the new Research
sion of the T56 which is now rated at 3750 horse- and Development Center at Indianapolis, part of
pm,·er and soon will be qualified at 4050 horse- a $75-million expansion of advanced engine ex-
power. Although the new engine ,,·ill have a horse- perimental programs and testing· facilities. During
power rating substantially higher, there will be the year, Allison sales and engineering staffs com-
little if any increase in size or "·eight. pleted their move into the multi-million-dollar
T\\'O other Allison engines, a prop-jet and a office building. Radical improvements were made
turbo-jet, \\·ere under development for improved in component testing equipment. Air flow capac-
performance. They include the commercial :\Jodel ities were boosted for more intensive testing at
FiO 1-D 15 Prop-jet, a 4050-horsepower engine for the simulated speeds and temperatures.
Lockheed Electra, and the ]33-A.-~4, a single-jet Employment figures for 1957 show 14,223 per-
engine for the Navy's T2V-l Sea Star. sons on the payroll at Allison-Indianapolis and
Production began in 1957 on the p3-A-41, the 3248 at Aeroproducts Operations in Dayton, Ohio,
J71-A-6 and the J71-A-13. The p;~-A-·ll replaces for a total of 17,471 employees.

CONTINENTAL AYIA TION AND ENGINEERING CORPORATION

During the year Continental continued produc- Series" fighters, the B-G6, and B-52 aircraft.
tion of its J69 series turbojets and gas turbine air Continental was also working on "uprated" and
compressor units for the USAF. Production appli- redesigned versions of the J69 which will incor-
cations for the JG9 turbojet include the Cessna porate increased performance and new design fea-
T-37 A twin-jet AF trainer, the Ryan Q-2A Firebee tures. Over 1000 .J69's have been delivered to the
target drone, and the Temco TT-l Navy jet USAF since this small turbojet was first placed on
trainer. order. Commercially, the J69 has potentiality as
Production of Continental's U. S.. \ir Force type the main power plant for jet-powered executive
:MA-1 trailer-mounted turbine compressor unit was aircraft and as a booster unit for certain transport
phased-out and superseded by the four-wheel aircraft such as the C-,16 and Convair ~-10 and '1·10.
trailer-mounted USAF type "MA-lA unit. These The J69-T-9, 920-pound thrust engine, completed
units are mecl extensively throughout the USAF its Civil Aeronautics Administration certification
for starting the lar~e jet engines on the "Century program.

121
 CURTISS-WRIGHT CORPORATION
Continued expansion of the company's commer- At the company's l'v!arquette Division in Cleve-
cial business in the aircraft industry and related land, a new line of Standard Precision Spring
fields during 1957 pushed earnings from these sales Clutches was introduced ·which makes it possible
to approximately 65 percent of the total earnings for clutch users to save time and costs inherent in
of the company. A significant development in this "specials." Full production continued during the
area of commercial business was highlighted in year on governors for diesel, gas and dual fuel
l\Jay by the first public demonstration of the new engines for major marine and industrial engine
Curtiss-Wright TJ38 Zephyr turbojet at the com- manufacturers, aircraft windshield wipers and tex-
pany's SO-square-mile Research and Development tile spindles.
Center at Quehanna, Pennsylvania. In September, 1957, an agreement was signed by
The basic Zephyr design reduces the exit velocity Curtiss-Wright and A. V. Roe Canada Ltd. cover-
of jet gases more than 20 percent compared with ing rights for the manufacture, sale and further
other turbojets. Additionally, the engine incorpor- development of the new Iroquois jet engine in the
ates a special jet nozzle which spreads the exhaust United States. The agreement, which runs for
over a 50 percent larger periphery, and results in seven years, also provided for the exchange o[ tech-
a basically quiet engine without loss in power or nical information between the two companies.
economy. Rated at 12,500 pounds thrust, without Completion of a new Nuclear Materials Labora-
water augmentation, other Zephyr series engines tory consisting of a reactor and radio-active hot
have been developed in the 14,500 and 16,200 cells, designed and built by Curtiss-'Wright, was a
pound thrust class. The TJ38 was developed major addition at the company's Research and De-
jointly by Wright Aeronautical Division of Curtiss- velopment Center in Quehanna, Pennsylvania. Con-
Wright and Bristol Aeroplane Co., of Filton, Eng- structed with funds appropriated from corporate
land, under an engineering agreement instituted earnings and reserves, the new laboratory offers nu-
in 1951. clear services in the support of defense production
During 1957 Curtiss-Wright Turbo Compound and in peacetime industrial applications of atomic
engines powered Lockheed Super Constellations energy.
and Douglas DC-7C's to new commercial non-stop Cm·on, a new multi-cellular material, developed
records over global routes. In September, the long and manufactured by the Curtiss-Wright Plastics
range capacity of Air France's new Lockheed 16L!9A Division was distributed on the market during the
Super Starliners equipped with EA series Turbo year in a variety of applications for both industry
Compounds and Curtiss Electric Propellers was and the home. As a superior type seat cushioning,
demonstrated by a 5025-mile flight non-stop from it was installed in Swissair's fleet of DC-7C airliners
New York to Athens. The distance was covered in flying the blue ribbon global routes. Full scale
just l4 hours and 49 minutes, with 57 persons acoustical testing of Curon to absorb and control
aboard. The following month a Pan American DC- noise levels both in aviation and related industries
7C bettered the existing record on a scheduled were being conducted by engineering and research
non-stop hop from New York to Rome by covering teams at Curtiss-Wright and Pennsylvania State
4350 miles in the elapsed time of II hours and University. Development of marketing programs
30 minutes at an average speed of 380 miles per of this versatile material for thermal, acoustical
hour. In service with 41 of the world's airlines, and decorative applications was also under way.
the Curtiss-Wright Turbo Compound exceeded A "third hand" for pilots in the form of the
the 49-billion seat mile mark with a perfect safety Curtiss-Wright Automatic Throttle Control which
record. relieves them of continuous manual adjustments
Production and development of the Curtiss- of critical engine speed during intricate maneuvers,
Wright ]65 jet engine continued at the Wright particularly in helicopters, where precision control
Aeronautical Division as well as further develop- is required, was developed by the Propeller Divi-
ment in a wide range of other jet types including sion. During the year, major production at this
turbojets of advanced design. Installations of the division continued in Electric propellers for com-
J65 included the Republic F-84F and RF-84F, the mercial and military aircraft, and Turboelectric
North American FJ-3 and FJ-4 Furies carrier-based propellers for the Douglas C-133A turboprop cargo
fighters, the Martin B-57 twin-jet bomber, the airplane.
Grumman Fl IF-I supersonic fighter, and the Doug- At the Curtiss-Wright Electronics Division, pro-
las A4D. duction was started on Boeing 707 and Douglas

122
DC-8 jet Simu la tors, which h ave been ordered b y a nd tested b y the division for Curtiss-\tVright turbo-
the Civi l Aerona uti cs Adm inistratio n, Pan Ameri- jets.
can, A ir France, Saben a, Lufthansa, American Air- A lso developed during 1957 was the Curtiss-
lines and Swissair_ A t the same time, the division ' ' ri ght Thrust Reverser which will permit com-
a nn oun ced receipt of a n order f.rom American Air- mercia l jet a irliners to operate from standard run-
lines and Swissa ir_ A t the same time, the division ways b y reducing la nding rolls approximately 50
ing the yea r shipment of 16<19A flight Simula tors percent.
v.rere made to T\1\ A an d A ir Fra nce wh ile DC-7 \. ne" missile research a nd development facility
Simulators v.rere delivered to KLM and Eas tern for Aerophysics Development Corporation of Santa
\ir Lines and DC-6B Simulators to United A ir Barbara, California, a wholly-owned subsidiary was
Lines a n d Eastern A ir Lines. dedicated during the year. The 55,000 square foot
Production of th e D a rt anti-tank missile contin- building represents one segment of the $5-million
u ed in volume at Ut ica-Be nd Corpora tion, a wh olly- expansion program of this division. During the
owned subsidi a ry of Curtiss-\t\Tright_ ew produc- year Aerophysics was awarded an Army contract
tion co ntrac ts were a lso received for diesel eng ines
for the design, construction and testing of a "flying
a nd diesel engine parts.
j ee p."
The 12,000 ton h orizontal steel extru sio n press
in operation at the Me tals Processing Di' ision in Propulsion Research Corporation of Santa Moni-
Buffalo, ex truded rnodern steels and super allo ·s in ca, California, which became a division of Curtiss-
sizes, sh a pes, a nd length s previously una ttainable in ·w right in 1955, specia lizes in research, develop-
indust ry. Maj or produ ction of High Integrity pipe ment a nd preliminary desig n of aeronautical and
extruded from any ferrous alloy in lengt hs up to marine propulsion systems, accessories and auxili-
50 feet or more, a nd with virtually an y wa ll thi ck- ary equipment. During 1957, the Division manu-
ness, was in high gear during 1957 fo r app lication s factured turbopumps, fans and specialized blowers,
in the power, petroleum, chemical and other i;ldus- and a group of accessories being used on advanced
tries. Also produced in large quantities ·were jet aircraft of the Air Force and the Navy, including
engine blades th a t ·were forged, finish-machined high volume pumps for jet air refueling.

FAIR CHILD ENGINE DIVISION

FAIRCHILD ENGINE AND AIRPLANE CORPORATION

Continued development, improvement an d pro- Particular emphasis was placed on the develop-
duction of its famil y of small, hi gh-perfo rm an ce. m ent and production of the new family of J83
lightweight turbojet engines, as well as oth er pro turbojet engines, which are earmarked as power-
pulsion developmenta l projects resulted in an plants for jet tra iners, executive and medium size
expansion of the division's new Deer Park, L. I., utility transports, VTOL and STOL aircraft,
facility and a personnel increase of more than 30 guided missiles, high-speed target drones and other
percent during 1957 . types of pilotless aircraft. Development a nd pro-

Fairchild ]44 light weimht turbojet engmes are 1·eadied for delivery.
duction of the J83 proceeded on schedule during porting supplies and equipment to and from the
the year. islands in the Arctic area. An unoflicial weight·
In May the division expanded its engine test lifting record of 60,000 pounds was set during the
cell facilities and added a two-story service struc- testing.
ture for experimental test and test equipment per- In October, the 1\avy announced additional
sonnel. Administrative and engineering personnel orders to Fairchild, amounting to more than $1.3-
moved into a new, two story, 34,000 square foot million for JH's to power the Ryan KDA Firebee
addition to the present office building. target drone.
The division also expanded considerably its re· The division's subcontract production of large
search and development facilities. A new labora- engine components was reduced as a result of in-
tory, designed opecifically to house special equip· dustry-wide reductions in military procurement.
ment required for research in aerothermochemis· Personnel engaged in production of J79 major
try, was completed in July. Later in the year an components were utilized in the expanding small
altitude chamber was added to the compressor engine development programs.
and turbine test facilities which have been opera- The division has a continuing program in proc-
tional, along with a 15,000 horsepower air supply, ess to further develop the potential of the ]4'1 and
for the last year and a half. These new facilities has received production orders in excess of $?-mil-
are important augmentations to the multi-million lion for the lightweight jet during the past nine
dollar gas turbine research laboratory, completed months. Approximately 1000 ]44's have been pro-
in 1956. duced.
During the year product improvement on the The Al-Fin Division continued the development
J44 turbojet continued and the lightweight J44 and manufacture of new metallurgically bonded
engine was successfully used as thrust augmenta· aluminum and magnesium bi-metallic castings.
tion for commercial and military aircraft. Trans The newest applications were in the lightweight
W oriel Airlines installed a J 44 atop the fuselage airborne electronic field. Jet engine and helicopter
of its C-82 "flying maintenance base" at Orly Field, gear case components of cast magnesium with
Paris. bonded-in ferrous alloy bearing retainers were put
The Air Force equipped a C-123 assault trans· into initial production. These and other molecu-
port with wheel-ski landing gear and wingtip J44 larly bonded bi-metallic products for aircraft,
engines for thrust augmentation, and after an in· automotive, industrial and home appliance use are
tensive testing program in Greenland this spring also being produced under license by fifty manu-
and summer, ordered l 0 of these aircraft for trans- facturers.

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

JET ENGINE AND PRODUCTION ENGINE General Electric's Aircraft Gas Turbine Division
DEP ARTl\IENTS
agreed to purchase the Electric Auto-Lite Com-
Both the ]79 jet engine and its commercial pany's manufacturing plant in Evendale, Ohio, a
counterpart, the CJ-805, were formally unveiled in Cincinnati suburb. The property consists mainly of
1957. The J79 was shown for the first time in two manufacturing buildings containing approxi-
Washington, D. C., and the CJ-805 made its public mately 3,300,000 square feet of floor space, and will
debut at the Salon International de J'Aeronautique bring General Electric's Evendale Plant holdings
in Paris. to 4,740,015 square feet. The company also oper-
The J79 powers the Convair B-58 Hustler, the ates for the Air Force an additional 1,109,346
Air Force's first supersonic bomber, the Lockheed square feet of floor space at Evendale.
F-104A Starfighter, the Grumman FllF-lF Tiger The purchase will increase the total of General
and the Chance Vought Regulus II missile. Dur- Electric-owned facilities at Evendale to more than
ing 1957 the Hustler was shown publicly for the $140-million. Employment at the Evendale plant
first time, the Starfighter went into production and averaged 13,500.
the J79 became the powerplant for the production The J79 engine reached production stage after
Regulus II. undergoing more than 12,000 hours of testing-

124
 factory, simulated-altitude, and flight testing-most
of whi h was accumulated in one ·) ear.
The CJ-805 will be equipped with a thrust re-
verser r a ted at 5000 pounds reverse tlu·u st and
with a noise suppressor that will reduce the noise
of the four-engine Co n va ir 880 jetliner to the level
of current four-engine piston-powered airliners.
The reverser-suppressor ,., ill have a negligible ef-
fect on engine performance.
Circuits incorporating magn etic amplifiers and
tempera ture sensors ,., ere applied to J 47- 17 and
-3 3 engines to provide a signal warning of exces-
sive temperature in critical engine areas. Both
pilot signaling a nd direct-exh a ust nozzle-control
bias were provided by the type of circuits de eloped Genem.l El ecl1·ic adajJts Civil !1VaT Gatling Gun to ann
to increase the safety and contribute to the com- Lockheed's F-104A StaTfight eL
bat effectiveness of the F86D interceptor.
Also developed during 1957 -v·as a new form of to! plant in l\lforton, Pennsylvania, it powered the
-presentation of aircraft gas-turbine performance Vertol H-21D.
data on punched cards for digita l computer opera- Prototype T58's delivered to Sikorsky and Vertol
tion . It allows comprehensive performance data also bettered performance guarantees: average ship-
to be transrnitted to airframe manufacturers at a ment engines delivered 1067 military shaft horse-
much earlier date and in a form more easily in- power and 0.659 military specific-fuel consumption.
corporate_d in installed-engine a ircraft-perform a nce Work continued on the ]85, a small, lightweight
studies. turbojet being developed for the Air Force for use
A major gain was made in improving fatigue in piloted and pilotless aircraft.
strength of cast jet-engine turbine buckets. By con-
trolling grain size during the casting process, buck- FLIGHT PROPULSION LABORATORY DEPARTMENT
ets are produced with fatigue strength co mparable Early in 1957 General Electric delivered first-
to that obtained from forged buckets, while still stage X 405 rocket engines for the Project Van-
retaining the high-stress rupture strength of the cast guard earth-satellite program.
products. On October 23, 1957, one of these first-stage
motors powered the Vanguard 3-stage missile to an
SMALL AIRCRAFT ENGINE DEP ARTl\'IENT altitude of 109 miles and a velocity of 4250 miles
At the company's Small Aircraft Engine Depart- per hour during a test launching at Cape Canav-
ment work began on a $58-million N avy contract eral, Florida.
for development of what will virtu ally be two small The X 405 underwent hundreds of tests at Gen-
gas-turbine engines in one-both a turboshaft and eral Electric's Malta Test Station in Schenectady
a turboprop power plant. Designa ted the T64, the during its development. Prior to delivery, the
new engine will employ a basic power section com- rocket engine consumed over 2-million pounds of
mon to both engines. In the 2600-horsepo"ver class, liquid oxygen in static test runs.
it will have more thai1 a 3-to-l power-weight ratio The first-stage X 405 rocket engine, rated 27,000
plus outstanding fuel consumption. pounds of thrust, powers the 3-stage 11-ton Project
In October the Navy T58 turbosh aft engine of- Vanguard missiles on the first leg of their journeys
ficially passed its 150-hour qualifi ca tion test. Re- into space. Operating for about 150 seconds, they
sults of the test showed tha t the engine exceeded burn .Iiq uid oxygen and kerosene (RP-1) . Their
performance guarantees on both horsepower and gimbal mountings permit changing thrust direc-
specific fuel consumption. The T58 produced 1065 . tion as much as 5 degrees.
military horsepower, compared to the I 024 guar-
antee. The military performance guarantee of 0.66 AIRCRAFT ACCESSORY TURBINE DEPARTMENT
SFC was also bettered. A rompletely self-contained accessory power sys-
At the Sikorsky plant in Bridgeport, Connecti- tem for missiles, utilizing modular components for
cut, the T58 made its first flight in January in a versatility and flexibility of outputs, genera te elec-
modified S58 helicopter. In September at the Ver- tric or hydra ulic power-or both-in ratings from

12'5
 I.5 to over I 0 horsepower was developed during AIRCRAFT NUCLEAR PROPULSION DEPARTMENT
I957. Fuel accumulators are sized for duty cycles as During the year the company's Aircraft Nuclear
short as a few seconds or for extended periods of Propulsion Department successfully operated a
many minutes. Fine frequency control with +I turbojet engine on nuclear power.
percent is obtained. . . The department also revealed that it has in-
An answer to the heat problems of- high-speed stalled the world's longest periscope at the ~ C's
aircraft came in the form of a new product de- National Reactor Testing Sta tion to aid in develop-
velopment called a turbonator, an air ~urbine and ment work on a nuclear propulsion system for air-
a-c generator on a single shaft. Turbme exhaust craft. The 90-foot periscope allows workers to sit
air is used to cool the generator, permitting its safely behind heavy shielding while they watch the
operation in high a mbients independent of air- performance of a nuclea r reactor undergoing tests.
craft cooling systems. A complete 60 kva system Also developed for the Idaho Falls test site was
weighs only I35 pounds. the world's first closed-circuit three-dimensional
An airborne hydraulic power system 60 percent color television system. The color stereo system
lio-hter and containing only one-third as many was developed to permit use of color-coded parts
b .
parts as current productiOn mod:ls was also de- in reactor components and to provide the degree
veloped. Unique design features mclude a finned of prec ise depth perception required for their cor-
reservoir housing that eliminates special cooling rect ·positioning in a shop designed for remote
equipment, a high-speed ball-piston pump, a nd a handling of radioactively "hot" equipment.
fail-safe turbine wheel. The 3-D color TV system was designed and built
Designed to handle low-viscosity low~lubricity by the General Electric General Engineering Lab-
but highly corrosive fuels, a new p~mp weighs only oratory in Schenectady, New York, and by the
1.15 pounds and is less than 3 mch:s ~ong. In- company's Electronic Park, Syracuse, New York.
tended for the high-temperature apphcatwns such
as missiles, it can be used for fuel or low-flow hy- MISSILE & ORDNANCE SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT
draulic pumping. When used to p~mp corrosive The largest research and development contract
monofuels, such as normal propyl mtrate, a great ever awarded General Electric was formally let in
saving is possible in system weight. June of last year by the Air Force. A $158-million
Another department product added during I957 contract for the nation's ballistic missile program,
was a new AS-18 fuel-air turbostarter which will it called for research leading to development of
bring jet engines up to idling speed within . 25 nose cones for the ICBM Atlas, and the IRBM
seconds. weighing only 46 pounds and measunng Thor.
12~ inches in length and 8% inches in_ dia~eter, In Pittsfield, Massachusetts, scientists and engi-
the self-contained turbostarter m akes possible Simul- neers were at work on two of the Navy's missiles-
ta neous starts of many je t fighter aircraft without the ship-to-surface Polaris and the Talos, a long-
the need for h eavy conventional ground power range surface-to-air missile.
sources. The Polaris development involves fire-control

A full view of General Electric's 10,000-pound- thrust-class ]79 jet engine .

equipment to launch the missile from a submerged signed to drive a standard servo-mawr was success-
submarine. In conjunction with Lockheed Air- fully operated at ambient temperatures up to
craft Corporation, work also progressed on the mis- 752°F.)
sile's guidance system. INSTRUl\IENT DEPARTl\IENT
Talos will be installed in converted naval cruis- Introduced last year was a new lightweight
ers. Automatically selecting the missile from astor- low-priced compass system for business aircraft, pro-
age area, its fire-control system will weigh ~nore viding an electrically driven panel-mounted gyro-
than 350 tons and take up space enough to house scope of improved performance. Based on a com-
I 0 freight cars. bination of the magnetic compass and electric gyro-
An automatic data procuring and computation scope, the system provides a stabilized heading ref-
center was installed at a plant location in Phila- erence accurate to 2 degrees or better.
delphia. The center was designed to reduce data A new-type fast-response thermocouple was de-
from missile flight tests and environment and com- veloped in which conventional 2-wire elements are
ponent tests and for scientific computations to aid replaced by one element in the form of a tube en-
advanced studies. casing the other element, a wire.
A new type of armament, designed to give heli- A new aircraft flowmeter system in the 0 to 15,-
copters defensive protection in battle, was intro- 000-pounds-per-hour flow range is being made
duced last May. It comprises 2 kits of 0.308-cali- available for military and commercial jet trans-
ber machine guns and small rockets, attachable to ports. Incorporating many new design features, the
any type of helicopter. system operates directly from the aircraft's 4-cycle
A booster unit used in the free-flight testing of supply ·without the use of separate special equip-
missile nose-cones was developed to simulate sepa- ment. First application will take place in the
ration of a nose cone from the missile airframe. It Douglas Aircraft Company's DC-8 jet transport.
can be fired from a 5-inch gun. After separation, For small jet engines needing a miniaturized
the nose cone model gives free flight data on nose flo·wmeter system with a range to approximately
cone afterbodies. 5000 pounds per hour, a transmitter was developed.
Temperatures more than t"·ice as hot as the sur- The miniaturized transmitter has a 400-cycle motor,
face of the sun were achieved in the Aerosciences magnetically coupled to an impeller. Its indicator
Laboratory. An advanced version of the fluid- includes integral lighting and a self-synchronous
stabilized electric arc, this model used water as the receiver.
external "blanketing" agent and reached approxi- A very small electric tachometer for jet aircraft
mately 25,000°F. Future designs will use gases was developed in 1957. Weighing only 5 ounces, it
for the stabilizing agent, allowing for simulation is useful as a supplementary instrument for indi-
of atmospheric conditions. The blast of hot plasma cating engine speeds below or above the range of
emanating from the arc chamber is being used for the speed indicator incorporated in an engine-per-
nose-cone research on the Air Force's ballistic-mis- formance indicator.
sile program. A new 4-gimbal 3-single-axis gyro, an all-attitude
Electronic equipment operated at 752°F without reference for aircraft application, went into produc-
the use of a refrigerant or cooling system during tion last year. Known as type SR-1, the device pro-
1957, direct result of two major high-temperature duces roll, elevation, and heading references at all
programs. The initial program revealed that air- plane attitudes for navigation, control, and bomb-
borne electronic equipment could be designed and ing functions. This new gyro reference is designed
packaged to operate over a wide temperature range to include not only compensation for the earth's
- -65 to +450°F-and in other severe environ- rotation but also the aircraft's east-·west ground
mental conditions with a performance comparable speed.
to that of existing equipments designed to operate SPECIALTY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
to 250°F. Additionally, size and weight penalties Development of the first static excitation systems
are relatively small, ranging from 0 to 10 percent. for aircraft generators was completed. Static exci-
The second program, aimed at advancing the state tation systems were designed for the generators
of the art to 752°F, was an extensive investigation utilized in five new military aircraft and one large
of temperature and nuclear radiation-tolerant parts, commercial plane. Generator ratings range be-
materials, and manufacturing processes for applica- tween 20 kva and 90 kva at 400 cycles, 120j208
tion in airborne electronic equipment. (To prove volts a-c. The new systems employ magnetic ampli-
feasibility, a demonstrator model amplitler, de- fiers and silicon rectifiers instead of rotating ex-

127
citers, vacuun1 tubes, or variable resistance devices. Currently being evaluated in airborne equipment,
Completely new controls were developed for the the new cavity is one-fourth the size and weight
pt otection of aircraft electric generating systems. of present ridged units operating over the fre-
These controls employ magnetic amplifiers in place quency range of 2000 to 4000 megacycles. Under
of sensitive relays to achieve greater reliability and consideration are proposed evaluations for the
to obtain more accurate performance. cavity's use in sweep generators and r-f sources for
A brushless d-e generating system was developed other applications.
for use in aircraft. The generator is an inductor- Developed in 1957 "·as a simplified procedure
type 800-cycle a-c machine; silicon rectifiers are for predicting the absorption of infrared by the at-
used in place of a commutator to convert its output mosphere bet"·een a target and an observer. The
to direct current. It is equipped with a 600-cycle estimation process previously used was replaced
a-c permanent-magnet exciter. by a systematic solution of the problem. Through
A compact, rugged magnetic-amplifier voltage this procedure, a person inexperienced in atmos-
regulator which weighs only 3 pounds was de- pheric physics can calculate atmospheric absorp-
veloped for missile generating systems. It may be tion.
used to control 400-cycle generators with ratings up Production started during the year on the mag-
to 10 kva. This regulator maintains generator ex- netic-temperature-control amplifier for General
citation under all generator operating conditions, Electric ]79 jet engines. ·weighing approximately
including short circuits at the generator terminals. G pounds, the unit mounts directly to the airframe.
Generator voltage is held within -+-1 percent for It is part of the nozzle area control servo that
all tJuenerator loads between zero and rated value maintains a pre-set turbine discharge temperature.
and all temperatures between -55 and +l00°C.
GENERAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
CAPACITOR DEPARTMENT Developed during 1957 was a high-pressure gas
A new silicone-bonded reconstituted-micamat eli- stabilized, arc driven plasma generator for special-
electric capacitor, developed in 1957, promises con- ized wind tunnels and materials studies. Some of
tinuous high-temperature operation up to 300°C the problems solved in its development were stabili-
and short-time operation to 350°C. This develop- zation of the arc in the gaseous environment, de-
ment supplements the 500°C mica capacitor now velopment of nonconsummable electrodes, plus fab-
commercially available on a development-order rication of an arc chamber to withstand high pres-
basis. In the presence of nuclear radiation, the sures and extremely high heat fluxes. The unit is
500°C capacitor exhibits satisfactory operation. similar in concept to the water-stabilized arc.
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DEPARTMENT Fluid-vortex confined arcs were made 'vith power
Developed for aircraft application were two new gradients of about 50 kw per inch of arc length-
aircraft wires. First of these was a 600-volt fire-re- or more than 6000 kw per cubic inch of space oc-
sistant wire for fire detection, related circuits that cupied by the arc. Most recent studies were made
must operate without failure for short-time emer- in structures so arranged that the vapor formed by
gencies, and other critical circuits that may be sub- the arc could be expelled through a nozzle in the
jected to a total temperature of 750°F. The second form of a jet.
development is a 600-volt single-conductor silicone- Recent applications of a water-stabilized arc were
insulated non-flammable ·wire. It can be used for for study of aerodynamic problems involving high-
ambient temperatures ranging from -75°C to speed jets.
+200°C total. One of the present limiting factors in rocket de-
Four synchronous detection receivers were de- sign is the extreme heating rates encountered, par-
livered to the Air Force during the year. Addi- ticularly when the missile re-enters the earth's at-
tionally, a synchronous detection adapter was de- mosphere on its downward journey. A consider-
signed to convert standard receivers to suppressed- able portion of heat transfer is the result of radi-
carrier double-sideband operation. Synchronous re- ation from extremely high-temperature air in the
ceivers eliminate image problems, because no in- region occupied by the shock wave preceding the
tennediate frequency is employed. Interference missile. To measure the intensity and distribution
and fading that result from multipath effects are of this radiation under actual circumstances, a
also absent. photoelectric rocket spectrometer was designed and
A new re-entrant cavity offering higher efficien- built last year. It will be situated in the missile's
cies over ridged or line-over-plane cavities presently nose cone, operating only during re-entry into the
used in microwave equipment was also developed. atmosphere.

128
Lycoming engineeT adjusts
constant output speed dTive
in labo?·atOTy test cell.

LYCOMING DIVISION
AVCO l\1..4. 1'~/lJFACTURING CORPORATION

Additions to its family of gas turbine and piston Hiller on the new H-23D 'copter. The engine ran
engines, development of new products in the air- 750 continuous hours.
craft accessory and electronic fields and expansion Establishment of a modern aircraft engine service
of facilities for precision sheet metal machining center and traininrr school at the 'Williamsport air-
a .
work marked Lycoming's year. port was also effected during the year. Instructi?n
At the Stratford, Connecticut, headquarters the will be given customers' mechanics in the m~m­
company developed the lightweight T55 hee power tenance and service of both fixed and rotary wmg
turbine aircraft engine with a rating of 1650 Lycoming aircraft engines.
equivalent shaft horsepower. Development work Four ~ew products were added in the aircraft
continued on both the T55 and the earlier T53. accessory and electronic fields. Developed at the
The T53 won two competitions during the year. Stratford plant, all four were placed on the market.
The turboprop version was selected by Army and A mechanical constant output speed drive, de-
Navy evaluation teams as power plant for the new veloped under a contract from the Navy Bureau
Grumman high performance observation plane. of Aeronautics, ·was designed to maintain 400 cycle
The helicopter version was chosen to pow er the A-C generator speed constant in aircraft installa-
Kaman H43B, winner of an Air Force crash res- tions regardless of variation in input speed or elec-
cue helicopter competition. Progress ·was also made trical load. Other products included a temperature
on use of the T53 in VTOL-STOL aircraft being acceleration indicator capable of anticipating bear-
developed by Doak, Ryan and Vertol. ing failures in rotating machinery by detecting
During 1957, the T53 completed a 50-hour tie- acceleration of temperature rise; a volt-ohm-fre-
down test and was readied for production. To fa- quency meter, portable and self -powered, which
cilitate development of the engine, Lycoming es- combined all necessary test instruments used in
tablished its own flight test operation. electrical aircraft maintenance and laboratory work
From the Williamsport, Pennsylvania, section of into one small, six-pound package; and a portable
Lycoming came a new high-compression four cyl- and self-powered frequency meter.
inder aircraft engine, the 0-320-B, to be used as the At both Stratford and v\Tilliamsport facilities,
powerplant for the new Piper Apache and Piper Lycoming performed large quantities of precision
Tri-Pacer. With a six pound increase over its pre- sheet metal and machining ·work. The division
decessor, the 0-320, the new engine achieved an produced compressor components, turbine case as-
increase of ten horsepower. It ·was the sixth in Ly- semblies, gears and compressor ·blades, rotor as-
coming's four cylinder, opposed engine family. semblies, and tail rotor components, missile com-
Lycoming entered a new helicop ter during 1957: ponents, machined components and assemblies,
the Hughes Model 269, a two-man vehicle ·with an major components of the J7l, J47, J73, J79, J57,
empty weight of only 900 pounds. Powerplant is and J75 jet engines, components and assemblies
the 180 horsepower 0-360. Another Lycoming heli- for both reciprocating and jet engines, and H ydro-
copter engine, the 0-435, d emo nstrated its endur- spun inconel components for classified nuclear
ance capabilities as part of a test conducted by projects.

129

·- ~~~~-~·"' ··-·· ···-~·.

 MARQUARDT AIRCRAFT COMP.Al~Y

In addition to its ramjet deve lopment a nd pro-

duction ·work, Marquardt increased its activity in
the field of turbojet controls and accessories. Pro-
duction quantities of ram air emergency power
units are being produced for operational use on
the Lockheed F-104 and the Chance Vought F8U,
both supersonic fighters.
The company also holds contracts fo r the d e-
velopment of afterburners and reverse thrust de-
vices, the latter for Douglas Aircraft Company for
flight test on its A 3D carrier b ased a ttack plane.
1\tiarq uardt was designated a prim e con tractor in
the Air Force nuclear propulsion program, and
during the year ·worked on a contract from Gen-
!VIarquardt's new ramje t jJroduction jJlant . eral Electric Company for the d evelopment of a
turbojet engine control system designed for use
with GE's nuclear powered turbojet.
Marquardt A ircraft Company recorded its bes t As a result of the continuous upswing in re-
year in 1957 with sales, employment and backlog o search development and production, 1Vlarquardt
reaching all-time high s. continued the expansion of its physical plant fa-
At Ogden, U ta h , th e company completed a n ew cilities at Van Nuys, California, and Ogden. A
manufacturing plant designed exclusively for the moderniza tion program which more than doubles
production of supersonic ram je t engines. This pro- the capability of the Marquardt J e t Laboratory at
duction program supports th e Boeing Bomarc IM99 Van Nuys neared completion at year-end. In Og-
interceptor missile sys tem. den, work was underway on the construction of a
L ess than 30 days after dedication of the Ogden production acceptance test facilir,y to support the
plant, Marquardt delivered to the Air Force the ramjet manufacturing programs. At Newhall, Cali-
first r a m jet engine produced by production-line fornia, the first increment of a r esea rch test facility
methods with production tooling. The delivery was completed. The latter will permit exploration
was one month ahe ad of schedule. testing in higher supersonic and hypersonic ranges.

PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFf DIVISION

UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

Sim ultaneous cer tifi ca ti o n of Pratt & Whitney A major addition to the Andrew Willgoos Tur-
Aircraft's .J 57 a nd .J75 gas turbines for commercial bine Laboratory at East Hartford was started and
u se, expansion of facilities, and renewal of its was scheduled for completion in the fall of 1958.
nuclear propulsion program marked the progress The expansion will add six new test cells to the
of United Aircraft's engine division in 1957. facility which was built in 1950 for the testing of
Commercial certifi catio n of the J57 (]T3) and jet engines and com ponents under a wide range
the J75 (JT4) by the Civil Aeronautics Adminis- of simulated flight conditions. Construction of a
tra tion opened th e way for delivery of these engines new fuel s·y stems labora tory for the testing of fuel
to Boeing for its 707 series, and to Douglas for the system components under simula ted altitude con-
DC-8. At the year's end orders for more tha n 600 ditions was completed during the yea r. It will be
of the JT 3 engines delivering upwards of 10,000 in full operation by mid-1958.
pounds of thrust, a nd more tha n 1200 of th e Pratt & Whitney Aircraft's nucle ar propulsion
larger .JT4 powerpl a nts in the 20,000-pound thrust development program was renewed under contract
cl ass , h ad been r ece ived for insta ll at ion in com- with the Atomic Energy Commiss ion. A new labo-
merci al je t a irli ners . Initi a l shipm e nts of proto- ratory was co mpleted by the Air Force in Middle-
type e ngllles were made. town, Connecticut, and beca m e the h ea dqu ar ters of

13 0
th e pro crra m, designated C \ N EL (Co nnecti cut A ir-
cra ft l\" ucl ea r Engine Laboratory. The ultimate
obj ec t ive a re the co mpl etion o ( a reactor design
fo r a n :1dva nced a iro-af t propul ion sys tem and
development o f rea ctor co mpon e nt .
P rep a ratio n of the site for Pra tt c .. \ \ hito ey \ir-
craft's Florida Operation in P alm Bead1 Count· ,
Florid a, wa completed, and con Ul.!Ction of the
new 650,000 square foot plant wa started. Th is
ne"· fa cilitv wil l be used for the de i!!Il and de-
' v
velopment o[ highl y advanced turbine powerpla nts.
It "·a sc hedul ed for compl etion in 195 .
During 1957, Pratt & \ 1\ hitne ira-aft added a
n ew me mber of its twin- poo l, axial flow jet engine
fami ly, the ]52. This engine, similar in design to
the larger .J 57 and .J75 po\\·erplants, deli veT 7500
pound of thru st and was design ed to meet the re-
quirem ents of a variety of nava l a ircraft and com-
mercia l jets in the medium-ran ge ci a s.
The durability of the rugged .J 57, in production
since 1953, was d emon strated. \t the \ 1\Tri vcrht Air
Pmtt & Whitney's ]57 with afteTbum.er.
Development Center in Da ton , Ohio, a .J57 in-
stalled in a Boeing B-52 bomber completed the
equivalent of 20 flights around the world, an ac-
cumulated flight time of 1000 hours, ·w ithout over-
haul. The test covered three year s of fl ying under wi ll be used in transatlantic logistical operations.
actual se rvi ce conditions. \. total of 688 R-2800 piston engines were built
More th a t 5200 of the Pratt & \ 1\ b.itney \ircraft during the yea r for both military and commercial
designed ]57 engines were delivered in 1957 to the u sers. Spare parts production for other piston
militai'Y a nd commercial users by the end of the engines also continued through 1957. The com-
year, including those manufactured under license pany built a limited number of J 48 centrifugal
by the Ford Motor Compan y in Chicago . flow jet engines for the Navy's Grumrnan F9F-AT
advanced trainer.
Operational use of the T34 propeller turbine,
producing 6000 equivalent shaft horsepower, was Progress was made on a . nuni.~ er of advanced
started in 1957. After accumulating more than gas turbine projects for both the Air Force and
16,000 hours on two Boeing YC-97] transports and N avy.
more than 11,000 hours on two L ockheed YC-l21F At the year's end employment in the division
aircraft, the engine was produced for Militar y Air stood at about 38,000 reflecting a five percent re-
Transport Service Douglas C-1 33 transports which duction during the last two months of the year.

REACTION MOTORS, INC.

Research and development programs on liquid stalled for fin al testing at the Naval Ships Installa-
and solid propellant rocket engines and related tions Test Facility at Lakehurst, New Jersey. A new
components continued at a high rate during- 1957, 1,000,000 pound thrust a ll-attitude test stand ,., as
the sixteenth year of RMI's history. unveil ed a t the company's test area in Lake Den- ~
A major project during the year vvas the develop- mark, New Jersey, bringing to twenty-one the '~mm­
ment program for the rocket engine for the North I.J er 0£ teSt StandS for Sta ti C hot firin<Y
v
Of l"OCke
.
t
Ameri ca n X-15 research aircraft. The company's engines and components. The test area was ~ ] so
Intern al Combustion Catapult powerplant ·was in- in creased by th e purchase o[ n ew Janel adja ' nt

131 ·
'
to the new test stand. The test area now oper- of high energy solid propellant rocket engines by
ated by RMI consists of over 300 acres. combining certain specialized facilities at its Den-
Another major development during the year was
ville plant with those of Olin Mathieson Chemical
an integral self-contained liquid powerplant rocket
engine package, complete from· propellants to Corporation at Niagara Falls, New York, East Al-
thrust chamber. It is designed to be delivered ton and Ordill, Illinois. This integrated group
ready to be fired upon installation in an airframe. was working on development of improved solid
RMI also expanded its activities in development propellants and engines.

TIDOKOL CHEMICAL CORPORATION

Thiokol opened a new integrated production fa- ceived a contract early m 1957 to provide a solid
cility at Brigham City, Utah, in October, 1957 propellant sustainer for the Nike-Hercules air de-
and started production of large solid propellant fense missile and another for the Lacrosse surface-
rocket engines. to-surface tactical weapon. The company also re-
One of the company's highlights was its partici-
ceived a contract for development and production
ation in the Air Force Office of Scientific Research
~o·ect Farside in which test vehicles were fired of a flight test vehicle engine in support of the
?OOb to 4000 miles into space. Tliiokol provided Navy's Polaris Flett Ballistic Missile.
- umber of its Recruit engines for the first and Net sales for the first nine months of 1957 totaled
a n d stages of the Farside vehicles. $20,715,578. Government sales were up 51 percent
secon .
The company also provided power for the Lock- from the preceding year. Employment in the rocket
d X-17 re-entry test missile, the Hughes Falcon, divisions climbed from 26 in 1949 to 2200 at the
hee """artin Matador B and others. Thiokol re- end of 1957.
the l VJ.

WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION

The company's aviation gas turbine division at A series of successful flight tests was also com-
City received a new Navy production con- pleted on the company's privately-developed J54
Kansas r ]34-WE-36 and J34-W E -46 Jet · ·
engmes.
f 0
engine at the Westinghouse flight test center. A
tract 6 was placed in productiOn ·
an d mltla
· · · l d e-
North American B-45 four-jet bomber was used as
The .-3 to the Bureau of Aeronautics · ma d e d unng ·
a flying test bed. High altitude tests on the engine
livenes
he year. were also run at the Naval Air Turbine Test Cen-
t division was also working on the -46, power t~r in Trenton, New Jersey.
The for the North American T2J all-purpose A new jet fuel storage and handling system was
pla_nt The improved version of the J34 features
trainer.. coupling-type
· completed at the Kansas City aviation gas turbine
steel compressor an d mo d"fi 1 -
urv1c division plant. It included two steel storage tanks
a c. to permit use of the latest type JP-4 and
cauons . tion fu els. A series of tests to determine with a capacity of 840,000 gallons; eight unloading
JP -5 av1a .
"bility of the -46 with the T2J-l mlet duct stations; a cooling tower for temperature control;
compatl leted at the Olathe, Kansas, Naval Air a special fire extinguishing system; and a push-but-
was cornP ton control station.
Station-

Rig used to test the West-

inghouse ]-34-WE-46 and
T2]-1 inlet duct.
 SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS MANUFACTURERS

AERONCA MANUFACTURING CORPORATION

Aeronca continued in 1957 to be a major supplier aluminum honeycomb bonding was accomplished
of components for several military programs and during the year. This equipment includes auto-
the Boeing 707 commercial jet transport. claves, precision core milling equipment and Dow
Production of wheel ·well doors, elevators, rud- 17 processing facilities.
ders, ailerons, bomb doors and spoilers for the B-52 An extensive research and development program
and the Center Wing Section for the KC-135 and was underway in the field of brazing and an ex-
707 airplanes accounted for a large volume of the pansion of facilities was planned.
company's shipments during the year. The company was awarded a study contract to
Completion of the design engineering for the develop electronics packaging structures for one
Martin P6::\1 beaching vehicle was accomplished of the ICBM programs. Progress on this project
early in the year and deliveries of production units indicates a solution to many of the existing prob-
started soon thereafter. lems of electronic packaging for missile systems
Aeronca continued to produce stainless steel application.
honeycomb brazed structural assemblies for the Aeronca, during the year, started several new
Convair B-58. The company is one of four quali- research and development projects aimed at expan-
fied by Convair for this program. sion into new areas of missile and manned aircraft
Acquisition and activiation of new facilities for development and production.

AIRCRAFT RAD.IO CORPORATION

Expanding needs for airborne electronic equip- research program aimed at broadening ARC's prod-
ment to cope with the safety hazards created by uct line was continued. The year 1957 saw 13,000
greater air traffic brought about a 1957 increase in square feet of space added to the engineering and
demand for ARC's newest developments in airborne production facilities bringing the total to 14,861
communication and navigation equipment. Sales square feet. Engineering personnel increased 40
increased to $10.5-million, up 20 percent from percent to a total of 88.
1956. Development work neared completion on an
An energetic and productive development and extended line of airborne communication and

133
 n av iga tion equipment with emphasis o n transisto ri-
zation. This equipment is expected to be ready
fo r sale I a te in 1958.
D elivery was started late in 1957 o n a major
addition to ARC's expanding produ ct lin e, Lh e
Type 210 VHF communication system. This con-
sists of a 360-channel VHF Tra nsceiver, p ower sup-
ply and control panel.
Another co ntribution to the indu str y thi s yea r
was the d evelopment of a completely engineered
communication and navigation instrument panel
install a tion for light twins. These instrument p a nel
boards combine the controls for several systems into
one compact and readily accessible control panel.
A typical example is ARC's C-77A control p a nel
d~signed and developed through the co-ordinated
ARC's ;iew, 360-channel VHF TmnsceiveL efforts of the aircraft manufacturers and ARC.

ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA

Highlights of Alcoa's 1957 year included comple- high strength up to L!00°F. Alcoa's extensive re-
tion of a $54-million plant expansion at the Daven- search revealed that lithium also produces the effect
port (Iowa) works and installation of eight foil of increasing the modulus of elasticity of alumi-
rolling mills; a $ 10-million expansion program at num alloys. New alloy X2020 is three percent
its Wenatchee (Washington) works; development lighter than aircraft alloys formerly ava ilable, and
of a new lithium alloy that represents a major sci- its modulus elasticity is eight percent higher. All
entific achievement in light alloy research; pro- mill products in the new alloy lend themselves to
duction of a wing fabricating table part that standard fabrica tion processes employed by the
is the largest cast aluminum assembly ever achieved; aircraft industry.
newly perfected forging techniques that have helped At Alcoa's Cleveland works, four aluminum cast-
Boeing Airplane Company slash production costs ings weighing more than 12Y2 tons were made £01
for the B-52; and introduction to the commercial North American Aviation, Inc. The sections be.
market of aluminum powder metallurgy products came part of a wing fabricating table that holds
for high temperature applications. wing panels for precision milling.
At Alcoa's Davenport works the plant expansion The main landing gear bulkheads of Boeing Air.
virtually doubled the peacetime capacity of the
mill. New production units include a 160-inch
hot mill, largest in the industry; a plate stretcher
with a pulling force of 16-million pounds; a 100- A lcoa's aluminum sheet is pached m dry ice for trijJ to
inch cold mill for finish rolling wide, coiled alumi- D ouglas jJlant.
num sheet; plate heat treating and aging furnaces
able to accommodate plate in the king-size 60-foot
lengths. Expanded Davenport operations permitted
produc ti o n of 36-million pounds of rolled prod-
ucts every 30 days.
Alcoa Research Laboratories accomplished a
breakthrough in li g ht alloy research with develop-
ment of a new a luminum aircraft alloy that pushes
ahead the therma l barrier by more tha n l00 °F.
Lithium, lightest of all the metallic elements, h as
provided the key to the new alloy whi ch maintains

134
 pia ne Company's B-52 bomber were the target of Aluminum powder metallurgy products, made
an extensive cost-cutting and weight-saving pro- commercially available during 1957, can withstand
gram planned by Boeing. In support of the pro- temperatures up to 900°F, an advance of 300 to
grant, Alcoa developed and perfected new forging 400 degrees abo,·e the point at which conventional-
techniques for usc "'ith its Cleveland works facili- ly produced alloys can function efficiently. One of
ties. The forgings that resulted cut total machining the new APl\I products already is in use in standard
man-hour requirements hy G2 percent, and saved production parts employed in jet aircraft engines.
thousands of dollars in machine-tool costs for each Three APM alloys are available: 2\1257, which is
set of bulkheads produced. The amount of alumi- made of domestic aluminum powders, and ~1430
num originally needed for one set of bulkheads and ~1470, which are made of aluminum powders
no"· produces eight sets. imported from Switzerland.

THE B G CORPORATION

During the year B G Corporation placed in pro- measuring system was developed, including a ther-
duction its new series of platinum and non-plati- mocouple suitable for much higher temperatures
num spark plugs of the all weather top type and than encountered in gas turbine engines currently
was furnishing models RB39R (platinum electrode in use. Research and development in the field of
type) to the Navy and models 340 and 345 (mass gas turbine engine igniters continued. Various
electrode type) to the Air Force. Commercial serv- models of semi-conductors were placed in produc-
ice tests were also in progress. tion during 1957.
During the year B G continued to manufacture In the field of alumina ceramics for the aircraft
ceramic terminal sleeves, spark plugs and ignition electrical and electronic fields, B G made improve-
harness tests sets for use in conjunction with piston ments on its metal-to-ceramic sealing process to
engine operations. furnish a true hermetic seal capable of withstand-
For the gas turbine engine field The B G Cor- ing high temperatures and with high mechanical
poration continued to develop a line of tail pipe strength. Further advances were made in the line
thermocouples and harnesses, both the integral and of special high temperature alumina ceramics to
separable types. A new resistance temperature customer design.

BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION

ECLIPSE-PIONEER DIVISION tests on the prototype Boeing 707 commercial jet

:VIajor emphasis at Eclipse-Pioneer Di\'ision dur- Stratoliner. Also during September, the Royal Ca-
ing 1957 was in the direction of systems refincmen t nadian Navy completed evaluation of the PB-20F
and development. The systems involved covered in the DeHavilland-built CS2F-l Tracker airplane.
all phases of automatic flight control. integrated During 1957, the PB-20G 'vas ordered for thf
instrumentation, stabilization, and airborne data Convair 880. This order raised commercial com
processing. mitmcnts for use of the PR-20 to four major air-
PB-20 Automatic Flight Control Systems that had frames and 17 domestic and foreign operators.
been ordered during the previous year materialized Advances were also made in Flight Director
as flyable systems. In :May, the PB-201~ installation equipment and preproduction types of single- and
in the Lockheed-built T\VA Jetstream Starlincr be- dual-axis servoed command indicators were com-
came the first fully transistorized system to be cer- pleted and put on flying status.
tificated lw, the CAA and in .June the system be- Central Air Data Computers became operational
came operational when TWA inaugurated service and new models were developed to satisfy re-
with the same airplane. In September the PB- quirements of new aircraft. In addition to their
20D successfully completed initial compatibility use with automatic flight control systems and bomb-

135
 Bendix Eclipse-PioneeT's a.ll-tmnsisto1·ized automatic flight contml system.

ing and navigation systems, these compact minia- bilization, compass and attitude repeaters, and fire
ture computers provide a source of highly accurate control equipment.
data for operation of the new vertical scale instru- Considerable effort was devoted to the field of
ments of the military's integrated instrument cock- navigational computers of various types. One dead
pit display program. By year end, the complex reckoning, great circle type computer with a dis-
device, which contained over 500 precision gears, tance range of 1000 miles and a speed range up
more than 800 miniature ball bearings, and nearly to 1000 knots was successfully test flown. Work in
50 tiny servo motors in only slightly more than a this area also included a unique true heading com-
cubic foot of space, was installed on McDonnell's puter system which provided true heading and
F-lOlB, Republic's F-105 and Convair's F-106 and magnetic heading outputs from either magnetic or
was scheduled for several other new military air- gyro heading inputs. Manual settings included ab-
craft still in the design stage. solute magnetic variation, magnetic variation rate,
Development of vertical scale instruments for present latitude and longitude, and latitude and
the new Air Force integrated instrument cockpit longitude rate. The device automatically com-
display was also a major project at Eclipse-Pioneer puted and applied proper convergence angle for
during 1957. Working in cooperation with the correcting gyro heading.
Flight Control Laboratory, Wright Air Develop- Progress also continued in the field of radar an-
ment Center, the new style instruments were de- tenna pedestals for missile programs. La test de-
veloped to replace the array of conventional, and velopment was a lightweight ground based track-
often incompatible, round clock-like style of in- ing radar antenna pedestal mounting tvvo four-
dividual aircraft instruments. foot diameter reflectors. It was designed for use
Another major development at Eclipse-Pioneer in connection with the ground-to-air short range
during 1957 was a 6" x 6" x 12", 16 pound, 2-gyro, Hawk missile.
3-axis all-attitude control capable of uninterrupted The year 1957 also saw Eclipse-Pioneer's complex
precision performance throughout extreme ranges B-58 Automatic Flight Control System begin to
of flight maneuvers. The new instrument was de- phase out of a pure engineering state and into pro-
signed for use as a master control reference in ap- duction. The multi-million-dollar-a-year effort
plications such as anti-submarine maneuvering, air- which involved three other Divisions of the Cor-
craft early warning, low altitude bombing, vertical poration (Radio Division, Friez Divison, and Re-
takeoff and landing, medium range interceptor search Division) and more than 400 individual sub-
missiles, medium and long range aircraft naviga- contractors required the creation of a special B-58
tion, and inertial platforms. The new control also Systems Department for administering all phases
had provisions for tie-in with autopilot, radar sta- of the massive program.

136
 HAMILTON DIVISION military and commercial rnarkets. Plant facilities
Hamilton expanded both personnel and facilitie ~ were expanded during the year ,., ith the addition
during the year and reorga nized its sales and serv- of a new 12,000-square-foot buliding for missile
ice departments. Greatest ac ti vit continued to be hydraulic assembl y. Occupied in December, the
in production a nd design of pumps and hydraulic building was specifically designed to meet rigid
co mpon ents. standards in connection with atmospheric and oil
In the research and development area, Hamilton - contaminants necessary for missile hydraulic as-
pursued development of fuel and h ydraulic pumps sembly and testing. Engineering space also was
and fuel controls for jet engines in the lower thrust enlarged by moving a project group into 16,000
classes. Very small pumps capable of delivering squaTe feet of space in a new building near the
large volumes at high pressure were successfully main engineering facility.
built and tested. Among the high points of the year '\>vas the de-
velopment of a self contained instrument landing
MONTROSE DIVISION
system for helicopters, in participation with Bell
l'viontrose, manufacturer of Autosyn indicators Helicopter Corporation. In flight tests with a Bell
and transmitters, dynamotors, DC motors, pressure 47H-l, equipped with the Bendix-Decca Navigator,
warning sv. itches and synclu-os, continued on a Bendix-Pacific developed sonic altimeter, and an
planned expansion program. During 1957 the Engi- improved attitude display, Bell pilots were able to
neering Department ,., as enlarged to increase de- take off, fly to any spot inside a l 0,000 square mile
velopment and research activity. The Sales and area, and make an instrument landing within 10
Service Departments were also expanded. feet of a pre-determined point without looking
The Type 7615 Synchro Pressme Transmitter outside the helicopter cabin.
and \1\Tarning Switch was designed, combining two Pacific Division also developed a high resolution
instruments into one case. Thi s combination re- radar designed for use ·On helicopters, giving the
sulted in a price and weight saving. helicopter all-weather capabilities for the first time.
The Type 26800 One Inch Syn chro Indicator The NAV-Aid Radar weighs less than 100 pounds
was designed for the military. This instrument and is applicable to both rotary and fixed-wing
·weighs 2% ounces and is hermetica lly sealed. An aircraft.
integrally lighted model was also developed. Several new voltage controlled and resistance
A Hel'metically Sealed Dynamotor-Inverter was bridae telemeterina sub-carrier oscillators, utilizing~
b b
developed for Raytheon's use in the Sparrow III
missile featuring a pressurized helium atmosphere
for high altitude operation and reliability.
Dynamotors were developed and put into pro-
Sonic cleaning tank designed and built by Bendix-
duction for use in the Talos missile. These dyna- Pacific Division.
motors meet the rugged vibration and shock re-
quirements of missile use.
New type Navy Ordnance synchros were devel-
oped to meet the needs of modern aircraft elec-
trical and electronic equipment. These new syn-
duos will withstand higher ambient ten1peratures
and have improved accuracy. Development is con-
tinuing towanf providing synchros which will with-
stand ambient tempera tures of 1000° Fahrenheit.
The Montrose Division was cooperating with the
military services in a program d esigned to study
the effects of atomic radiation on aircraft instru-
ments. The results of this program '~ill be used
to provide radiation resistant instruments.

PACIFIC DIVISION
Pacific Division observing its twentieth year as
a unit of the corpora tion, continued in 1957 its
development and production of electronic, hy-
draulic and electromechanical equipment for both
 transistors, went into production during the past jet transport. Embodying a new design principle,
year. Also in production was a complete line of the valve offers weight saving along with the ability
newly designed, long life commutator switches. The to handle the high flow rate required in planes
motor driven units are used for telemetering, sam- of the DC-8 size. Estimated total "·eight of the
pling and programming applications, in both air- valve is 2.65 pounds; flow capacity is in the neigh-
craft and missile use. borhood of 50 gallons per minute.
The Division participated heavily in telemetry A new air motor for missiles also reached the
instrumentation for ICR~I missiles, and put into production stage early in 1957 . .\ constant dis-
production the portions of the Talos terminal placement rotary vane design, the motor is fa bri-
guidance system which it designed and is building cated entirely of aluminum, with the exception of
for the corporation's Missile Division. blades and bearings. The basic motor weighs only
United Signal Corps contract, development was l Y2 pounds, and develops 2% horsepower per 100
completed on a two-way air-ground digital com- psi of inlet pressure.
munication system for air traffic control. A new A large portion of 1957 production activity was
application of the Electro-Span digital supervisory devoted to the power control svstem for the B-58
control system, the new development eliminates Hustler, \\·hich Bendix-Pacific d~signed and is pro-
voice communication and its high error potential, ducing in participation with Eclipse-Pioneer Divi-
and reduces message time. Ground to aircraft sion. The pm\·er control system is comprised of
messages are selective and registered only at the over 30 separate units, including hydraulic transfer
craft designated. Automatic verification of each valves, actuating cylinders and dampers, and elec-
decimal digit in the message is performed. Data tro-hydraulic servos.
is visually displayed in the cockpit, and all data Hydraulic engineers continued development
is logged automatically on a printer at the control te~ts on high temperature servo valves, and sup-
station. Electro-Span engineers also completed the plied a number of valves for operation at 350°F
study phase of a high speed data transmission sys- for the Terrier and LaCrosse missiles and the Con-
tem for the Signal Corps. vair B-58. Qualification also was completed on
In the sonic processing field, Pacific Division an isolated foil type servo which operates over the
completed development of a sonic cleaning system temperature range of -40° to 275°F. Also under
built especially for the requirements of the Air de\:elopment was a se:vo valve program for appli-
Force. Engineered and built by Bendix-Pacific for catiOn aboard submannes.
Wright Air Development Center evaluation at Pac.ific Divisi~n entered the missile launching
Norton Air Force Base, the system cleans large jet field m 1957 wlth the development of a solenoid
engine parts with high frequency sound waves in operated mass balance slide type valve approved
a fraction of the time normally required, and at by the Navy for the Tartar launcher installation.
a great saving in the cost of special cleaning chemi- Another new development in this field was a series
cals. of hydraulic operated slide type valves designed
Hydraulic developments during 1957 included for use in conjunction with the solenoid valve or
an adaptable solenoid operated selector valve so for independent operation piloted remotely. These
designed that with minimum variance in tooling valves have also been approved for Tartar launcher
and use of similar parts, a complete line of selector installation, and the same design will be proposed
valves can be produced from the basic four-way, for submarine applications.
three-position design. Applications included the PIONEER-CENTRAL DIVISION
Northrop T-38 jet trainer and the Boeing KC-135 Pioneer-Central developed a new Model 3922
tanker. turn and slip indicator, one of several flight instru-
The Bendix-Pacific flow equalizer was modified ments featuring integral lighting for sharper read-
to provide the high temperature, high flow ac- ability. Of reduced weight, the new model also
curacy necessary for split second actuation of speed provides for power failure indication.
brakes on the Lockheed F-104. The new unit is The division was also supplying the Type 29024
capable of handling more than twice the flow rate 10-liter converter for oxygen supply, a 16-pound
of former models, at almost half the pressure drop, unit used on the Navy's Grumman WF-2 early
and operating temperature range was increased by warning aircraft. Pioneer-Central also developed
50 percent at no increase in weight and size. a new GU-12 altitude sensor parachute release for
Also developed in the hydraulic line was a new ejection seats or capsules. The compact release
dual brake valve designed for the Douglas DC-8 weighs less than one pound.

138
 B end£x-Pion ee1· Centr-al su pfJlied oxygen conveTt er for G1·umman WF-2.

Progress was made in the research a nd engineer- sion also developed controls for solid and liquid
ing program of the Ultrasonic Prod u cts Section of propellant rocket engines, and continued work on
Pioneer-Central directed at the development of landing gear systems for aircraft and recoverable
equipment and techniques for applying ulu-asonics missiles.
to aircraft maintenance cleaning. In 1957, five BENDIX RADIO DJVISION
more leading aircraft manufacturers and two more The most important element in the sales pic-
airlines adopted Bendix Ultrasonic Cleaning Equip- ture during the year was the continued and in-
ment. creasing success of the RDR-1 Airborne 't\Teather
BENDIX PRODUCTS DIVISION Radar System and the DFA-70 Automatic Direc-
During 1957 the divi sion put into operation a tion Finder System. Sales of the RDR-1 System
new cera1pic laboratory which doubled the tloor passed the 800 mark, and DFA-70 sales have reached
space previously available in engineering and de- 565. An increasing percentage of sales of these
velopment programming. Projects conducted in two products went to the business aircraft market.
the new laboratory included bearing seals for jet Another sales development was the increased
engines and nose cone rnaterials for guided missiles. sales of Bendix commercial avionics equipm:ent to
The ~ngine equipment secti0n continued manu- government agencies. In August, the last units ol
f;lcture of injection carburetors and 'direct fuel igni- an order of more than a million dollars worth of _,
tion systems which include injection pumps and Bendix VHF Transmitters and Receivers were de-
master controls. Turbojet engine equipment includ- livered to the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics. In
ed fuel metering controls, temperature control am· the same month, a contract was signed, under
plifiers, compressor guide vane control and discharge which Bendix Radio was to supply the Signal
nozzle geometry positioners, afterburner controls Corps with approximately $ 170,000 '.North of MN-
and variable displacement fuel pumps. The clivi- 100 Glide Slope Receivers.

139
 Factory service facilities were increased by the year included: The RA-21A VHF Receiver, a light-
addition of a new shop at Harbor Field. At the weight dual-purpose receiver specifically designed
same time, the existing service facility at the Tow- for aircraft installations where space, weight, power
son plant was improved and expanded with addi- requirements, and reliability factors are of maxi-
tional personnel and new test equipment. A "fly- mum importance; the NVA-21A Navigation unit,
in" factory service procedure was inaugurated a fully transistorized unit for use in conjunction
permitting ·a b4siness aircraft customer to fly in with the RA-21A VHF Airborne Receiver to pro-
to Harbor Field -and get immediate service on his vide complete VORj LOC course information; the
Bendix avionics equipment. GSA-SA Glide Slope Receiver, a lightweight, 20-
Taking cognizance of the new forced-air tech- channel, UHF receiver designed to receive 90j l50
niques required for cooling electronic equipment cycle, tone-modulated, glide slope signals to pro-
in new jet and turboprop aircraft, Aviation Elec- vide vertical guidance information during ILS op-
tronics Engineering designed and put into opera- erations; the RDR-lD Airborne Weather Radar
tion a new test facility. Using precision measuring Transmitter-Receiver, a %-ATR unit which incor-
instruments and specially designed fixtures, the porates virtually all of the excellent features of
Cooling Test Group determines the effectiveness its larger RDR-1 predecessors, although povver
of various cooling techniques on the various com- consumption, size, and weight are appreciably re-
ponents of avionics equipment, under carefully duced; tbe ANT-IF (15") and ANT-lG (18")
simulated operational conditions. Radar Antennas, parabolic or "dish" type anten-
A Special Projects Group was established in the nas designed for mounting in the nose of the air-
Aviation Electronics Engineering Department. The craft, featuring line-of-sight stabilization of up to
unit was organized to handle advanced develop- 20 degrees of roll or pitch, using voltages from the
ment work, including Doppler Radar Systems. aircraft's gyro system; and the AMA-lOA Passenger
Development continued on a number of new Address _ Amplifier, a fully transistorized audio
avionics equipments. Among them was the TA- amplifier for aircraft.
21A VHF Transmitter, a remotely-controlled, air- RED BANK DIVISION
borne communications transmitter which provides New products developed by the division include
cr·y stal-controlled operation on 360 channels, spaced a Transistorized DC Power Supply, Type 38Bl5,
50 kilocycles apart, in the frequency range from a small, lightweight power unit for planes and mis-
118.0 to 135.95 megacycles. siles; the Canistered Inverter, designed for missiles
Other products under development during the and other short duration flight equipment, en-

Engineer instructing Temoval of inveTter from canister at Bendix-Red Bank.

vironment free and sealed against the effects of drawn, in order to mmnnize the danger from ex-
altitude up to 100 miles; and the Type 20B27 plosive vapor which would occur if fuel was al-
Transistor Type AC Voltage Regulator, which fea- lowed to surge in semi-empty tanks. This sea water
tures printed circuit construction for great size must be later removed before the fuel can be placed
reduction and weighs only three and three-quarter in aircraft tanks.
pounds.
To further complicate this filtration problem,
SCINTILLA DIVISIOl'i in 1957 the Navy switched to JP-5 fuel for carrier
During 1957 Scintilla completed the first step of based aircraft. This fuel has a viscosity double that
the largest plant expansion program in its history. of jet fuels previously used. This change, plus a
A building addition of 63,000 square feet was gradual accumulation of rust in the fuel tanks,
erected to accommodate a completely integrated proved too much for the existing filters. Bendix-
facility for the design, manufacture, and sale of Skinner was able to develop and deliver replace-
electrical connectors for aircraft, electronic, and ment filter units ahead of the deadline established.
missile applications.
SYSTEl\IS DIVISION
Scintilla developed a new type ignition system,
Systems Division, while building new office and
called the High Frequency Ignition System, for
laboratory facilities in Ann Arbor adjacent to the
the Curtiss-\Vright R-3350 Turbo-Compound en-
University of Michigan Engineering Campus, car-
gine. This new system is designed to enable spark
ried fon\'ard full-scale systems analysis and develop-
plugs to better withstand the harmful effects of
ment operations during 1957 in several important
fouling and corrosion.
fields.
The "Short-E" electrical connector was designed
A supersonic, expendable target drone was de-
to provide a connector that would be smaller in
signed for low-cost development and production.
length, lighter in weight, and more easily serviced.
This aerial target system, designated PENNY, is
These connectors are moisture, vibration, and cor-
capable of a speed-altitude and cross-sectional ra-
rosion resistant, pressurized, and operate within
dar-IR envelope that more than adequately simu-
the temperature range of -67° to +257°F.
lates enemy aircraft and missile targets. It can test
A considerable amount of design and develop-
the development and operational capabilities of
ment work "\Vas conducted on ignition systems for
the most recent and projected US weapon systems.
large turbojet and turboprop engines. Important
A significant study was carried out by the Divi-
reductions in space and weight were accomplished
sion for defense against the intercontinental bal-
with ignition systems for small gas turbine and
listic missile. Anticipating a defense largely de-
rocket engines.
pendent upon ground-based radar, which is open to
Protected wiring assemblies in many new con-
confusion by decoys and by electronic jamming, an
figurations were developed for aircraft_. missile, and
AICBl\1 system, invulnerable to countermeasures,
electronic equipment applications.
was devised. In addition, numerous other studies
BENDIX-SKINNER DIVISION culminated in proposals to· the military depart-
Bendix-Skinner successfully developed and sup- ments on such weapon system concepts as a com-
plied filters for Navy aircraft carrier use which re- bined passive-active system for air defense, a short-
moved sea water and iron oxide from the carriers' range optical-IR homing missile for targets of op-
fuel tanks. portunity, and on an integrated data-processing
In carrier operation it is customary to fill the and display system for ground control of air opera-
aircraft fuel tanks with sea water as fuel is with- tions.

CLEVELAND PNEUMATIC TOOL COMPANY

The company continued, during the year, its Douglas DC-8 and Boeing 707 gears.
work in design and manufacture of aircraft land- National \Vater Lift Company, purchased in
ing gears and ball-bearing screw mechanisms for 1956, added 125,000 square feet of floor space to its
military and commercial aircraft. A new order was plant at Kalamazoo, l\Iichigan. National Water
received for landing gear for the Convair 880 jet Lift was engaged in design and manufacture of
transport. Orders had previously been received for aircraft and control systems.

141
 Dow Ch emical Company's giant extrusion press.

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY

In 1957, Dow put in operation a giant new ex- guard launching vehicle for the earth satellite.
trusion press and also continued its development HK31A-H24 retains good strength properties up
of magnesium sheet, extrusion and casting alloys to 700 ° Fahrenheit. Dow also rolled develop-
for elevated-temperature applications. mental quantities of HM21XA-T8 alloy sheet,
The n ew press, which has a capacity of 13,200 which has room-temperature properties inferior to
tons, is located at Dow's wrought products mill in HK31A-H24 but superior elevated-temperature
l'vladison, Illinois. Leased to Dow by the Air Force, properties.
it is producing both magnesium and aluminum A veteran Dow magnesium sheet alloy, AZ31B-
components. H24, was designed extensively into the Chance
The press produces integrally-stiffened sections Vought F8U-l.
from nine to twe nty inches wide, !-beams from Aircraft castings in HK31A-T6 and in Dmv mag-
eleven to tvventy-eight inches high and round tub- nesium-rare earth alloy EZ33A-T5 were produced
ing with outside diameter ranging from ten to during the year at the Dow Bay City, Michigan,
tw enty-four inches. Foundry. This installation also produced complex
The Mad iso n Mill began rolling production a nd thin-wa lled ca-s tings with cast-in tubeless pass-
quantities of Dow's elev a ted-temperature alloy ages.
HK3JA-I-J2L1 during the year. This h as bee n de- Also at Bay City, Michigan, Dow's magnesium
signed into such aircra ft as the Convair B-58 and fabrication plant produced aircraft co mponents
such mi ss iles as the Boeing Boma rc and the Van- and electronics equipment.

142
 FORD INSTRUMENT COMPANY
DIVISiO N OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION

Ford increased its work area during J 957 by add- Ford coord in ated for the parent co mp a ny the
ing 100,000 square feet of building space in two format ion of Sperry Farragut Compa ny, Bristol,
Long I land pla nts. Employment " ·em up to 3500. Tennessee. Initial constru ction provided for a $2-
In two production orders, Ford's eronauti ca1 million manufacturing facility of 116 acres. First
Equipment Sectio n received contract totaling $30- production projects of the plant will be Arm}
million for the \ SN -7 Automat ic iavio-ation Com- g uid a nce a nd control systems.
"
p uter, to be used in su ch A ir Force planes as the
Boeing KC-1 35 jet tan ker, the Republic F-105 tac-
tical bomber, the i\IcDon nell F-101 and the North
Amer ican F-lOOF. Foul's exhaust tempeTa tuTe indicatoL
Ford Instrument was in full production of guid-
ance a nd control sys tems fo r the Army's R ed sto ne
missile and was a lso wo rking on components for the
Jupiter .
. Special ex h a ust temperature indica tors a nd cr uise
co ntrol computers for jet a ircraft were being de-
veloped under a Navy B ureau of ero n autics co n-
trac t.
The Ground Equipment Section was d eveloping
a Flight Control System, Surveillance Aircraft for
the Army's Signal Eng-ineering L abora tories.
The Mar ine Equipment Section built a proto-
type a nd made plans for production of launching
computers for the Terrier and T artar missiles.
Ford was also engaged in development of air
traffic control instrurnents.

THE GARRETT CORPORATION

Garrett continued to supply pressurization and A corporation office was es ta blished in Geneva,
air conditioning equipment, pneumatic auxiliary Switzerland, to give European customers more di-
power units and electronic controls for a number rect service a nd Garrett personnel closer access to
of turbine-powered commercial planes. The com- the m arket. This supplements associa tions already
pany's AiResearch Manufacturing divisions are mak- es tablished with manufacturing licensees a nd serv-
ing accessories and components for the Boeing 707, icing organizations in England and on the Conti-
Douglas DC-8, the Fren ch Sud Aviation Caravelle, nent.
the British DeH ~vi il ancl Comet, the Lockheed A iResea rch a t Phoenix leased a n ew buildino· (:)

Electra, the Fokker-Fa irchi ld Friendship, the Vickers adjace nt to th e main plant. Its 40,000 sq uare feet
Viscount a nd the Convair 880. is being utilized excl usi vely for the division's grow-
In the missile field, Ai R esearch was supplying ing pneumatic co ntrol o pera tions . Phoenix also
sud"). items as ·auxiliary power units, valves, refrig- completed a H, OOO-squ are-foo t addition to the
era tion p ackages, co ntrol system regulators and main plant building to accommoda te in creased
ac tu ators. AiResearch was also supplying complex engineering activ iti es, and leased a 40,000-squ are-
elec tronic and electrical components for automatic foot warehouse.
pilot sys tems in classified missile programs. The A iResearch L os \ngeles completed two n ew lab-
division's Time Dwell Servo Valve was d eveloped oratory buildings, providing 12,000 sq u are feet to
to convert electronic signals into powerful forces broad e n the electronic a nd instrument d evelop-
to move the control surfaces of guided missiles, ment programs.
dron es or aircraft. A product development in 1957 was the cam-
 of helicopter blades and does the job automatically
in rapid time; a twin-motor actuator which per-
mits a jet pilot to instantly override his autopilot
controls in an emergency; a motor driven fan spe-
cifically for cooling the Boeing 707 cabin while
on the ground.
AiResearch Aviation Service Division, Los An-
geles International Airport, established separate
quarters for its sheet metal fabrication department,
and opened approximately 16,000 square feet of
additional hangar space for modification, over-
haul, repair and servicing of all types of private
and business aircraft.
Aviation Service greatly increased its activity in
Twin motor actuator developed by A iResearch. the production of lounge sections, plus other modi-
fications, for the planes of leading airlines.
An inflatable escape slide was perfected by the
Air Cruisers Division at Belmar, New Jersey, to
piston air motor, produced by AiResearch Phoenix. permit emergency passenger evacuation in 90 sec-
Using bleed air as a source of energy, the air mo- onds from grounded aircraft.
tor operates dependably far beyond the tempera- Features of Air Cruiser's new 20-man life raft
ture limits of electronic and hydraulic units. Motor include a center container or torus, which serves
acceleration is accomplished in less than .05 second as a deck float, and an integral storage space for
in most applications. Flexibility of basic design accessories. This replaces a separate container on
allows for a range of motor sizes from less than 1 a line with its inherent possibility of interfering
horsepower up to 300 horsepower. with operation of the raft during inflation. There
When coupled with a ball screw which may re- are also two boarding ramps whi~h facilitate entry
tract within the full length of the motor shaft, the even with a disabled arm or leg.
cam-piston air motor has wide application as a Consolidated sales of $176,095,038 for the fiscal
compact, high-performance linear actuator in high year ending June 30, 1957, were the highest in
temperature (1000 ° F.) pneumatic power control Garrett Corportaion history, representing a 27 per-
systems. cent gain over last year. Largest contributor to this
Other important developments at the AiRe- increase was AiResearch Phoenix in its sales of
search divisions included: a line combustion self- turbomachinery products, pneumatic valves, and
starting system for installation aboard the new jet electrical and electronic equipment. Backlog of
airliners; an actuator which eliminates the tedious, orders at the end of the fiscal year totaled $140-
time-consuming hand chore in trimming the pitch million.

HAMILTON STANDARD DIVISION

UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

In 1957 Hamilton Standard neared completion Receipt of an order for new 54H60 Hydromatic
of the tenth year of its planned program to diversify propellers to equip the Air Force's C-l30B, ad-
its product line. During the year it reached new vanced version of the Lockheed "Hercules" pro-
peaks in the production of turbine aircraft and peller-turbine transport, with deliveries to start
mi ssile equipment while maintaining its position in June, 1958. The propeller was under develop·
as a propeller manufacturer. ment for two years.
Highlighting tlw year were the following events: Start of full production on the largest single
Dedication o[ a new 410,000 square foot build- order for propellers ever received in peacetime,
ing to be used for the design, production and test- intended for Boeing C-97 transports and KC-97
ing of fuel controls for turbine, atomic, and rocket tankers.
engines. Development of a new freon air-conditioning
144
sys tem for the Convair 880 and Boeing 707 jet. of air 1000 degrees in less than a second. Incorpo-
tra n sports. rating over 120 operating components and many
Employment rose to the highest level of the Divi- new concepts in aircraft air-conditioning, the system
sion 's hi story-11 ,500-approximately 15 percent is built by Hamilton Standard for the A ir Force's
above the peak employment of vVorld VVar II. supersonic bomber, the Convair B-58 Hustler.
Compl etion of the ne·w fuel control buildi11g The system was designed to meet heat problems
brou o-ht total Boor space in Connecticut to approxi- ueated b y the Hustler's tremendous speed. It
m a tely 1,750,000 square feet, an increase of 75 receives large quantities of hot compressed air from
percent over the size of the new plant originally the engines, cools it b y use of heat exchangers and
built in 1952. The number of tm·bine-powered air cycle refrigeration units, and redistributes it at
aircraft and missiles u sing one or more Hamilton appropriate temperatures to cool the crew, elec-
Sta ndard products rose to more than 50. tronic equipment, equipment in the external pods,
During 1957, Hamilton Standard continued to tires, and ammunition. In addition, the system
broaden its applications for the fuel co ntrol field. defrosts the windshield, clears it of rain by the use
In addition to its advanced ·work on atomic and of air jets, and maintains air pressure within the
rocket fuel controls, development effort centered on cabin at a liveable level regardless of the airplane's
the evolution of lighter, smaller units capable of altitude. Designing, developing, and testing the
major increases in fuel flow to meet the increasing sys tem to June of 1957 had required 550,000 engi-
powers of newer turbine engines. neering hours.
For turbojet engines, Hamilton Standard pro- Air-conditioning systems for the nev; Convair
duced electronic and h ydromechanical main system "880" commercial jet transport ordered by four
controls for the J57, J75 , J69, J52 and J83 engines; U. S. and foreign airlines were scheduled for deliv-
afterburner controls for the J 52, J79, J73 and J75; ery b y Hamilton Standard starting in :March of
emergency controls for the J57 and ]79; temper- 1958. The systems will supply air-conditioned and
a ture limiting controls for the A. V. Roe Orenda pressurized air for the passenger cabin and flight
engine, and tailpipe nozzle controls for the J48, deck of the "880," and will maintain a constant
J52, J57 and ]75. . te~n~erature of 75 degrees within the aircraft. Hu-
In the propeller turbine field, rnam ~ystern :on- llllclity will be held at 40 percent and cabin pres-
trois for th e T49, and helicopter turbme engmes
sure at the equivalent of 8000 feet when the air-
su ch as the T58 and T55 were included in the fuel
plane is at 35,000 feet. A complete cabin air change
control installation list. . ·will b e provided
· every two a nd one 1M lf m1nu
· t es.
In mid-1957 the division p erfected a new mrcraft
The air-conditioning unit consists of two identi-
a ir-conditioning system that drops the temperature
~al systems, each comprising a complete Freon cool-
mg system, a supercharger and an electronic tem-
perature control. Although cross-ducted, each sys-
Ha milton Stan dard's hydromat ic propeller. tem can operate individually. The dual system has
a co_oling capacity equa l to the output of a refr_ig-
~ratwn plant capable of producing 20 tons 0 ~ ~ce
m a 24-hour period, and removes 240,000 Bntish
thermal units of h eat }Jer hour from the air circu-
lac t'mg In
· the aircraft. Its u se of Freon vapor simi· ·1 ar
~o the gas used in the average home refr-igera tor as
Its co?ling source, m.arked a major dep ar ture from
:he au- cycle systems produced by H amilton s_ta_nd-
rd for more than 40 different types of tur bme-
powered fighters, bornbers and missiles.
Com.rJact
. a 1·1.-co n d 1t10mng
' - . . for the A arid
systems
B versrons of th e Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, one
of the world's fastest and highest-flying fighter air-
~raf~, Went into production at Hamilton Sta nd ard
unng 1957.
The systems cool and . e the cabin and
electrot11· pressunz · fig·hters
c compartme nt of the superso m c '
a nd defoo- l d canopies.
a t 1e cockpit windshields a n
145
 Hamilton Standard's FTeon system ai1· conditions the Convai1· 880.

Another new aircraft to incorporate Hamilton Each of the four pumps, only nine inches long
Standard air-conditioning was the Republic F-105 and seven and one-half inches in diameter, delivers
Thunderchief, new supersonic fighter-bomber. The up to 35 gallons of hydraulic fluid a minute to the
Thunderchief's system cools both the pilot's cock- hydraulic system. at pressures up to 3000 pounds
pit and the electronics compartment. per square inch. vVhen operating at its full speed
Ten turbine engine starters were in production of 4000 revolutions per minute, it delivers approxi-
at Hamilton Standard during 1957, eight of them mately 50 horsepower.
of the pneumatic type and the remaining two of Development of Hamilton Standard's lines of
the fuel-air type. Two more models were in devel- low and high speed radial rotary piston pumps and
opment stages in each of the two categories. of other newer products remained centered at the
Continued development of the pneumatic starter division's St. Petersburg engineering facility.
during the year resulted in light-weight models Appointments of Charles M. Kearns, Jr., as an
capable of operation at high temperatures with assistant general manager and vVilliam E. Diefen-
starting torques as high as 750 lb-ft and ratings up derfer as engineering manager of Hamilton Stand-
to 152 horsepower. The modern horsepower-to- ard, vvere announced early in the year. At the same
weight ratio of 7.4 horsepower per pound repre- time, Thomas B. Rhines was promoted to the post
sented a major improvement compared to the 2 of chief engineer. Turner A. Sims, Jr., assistant
horsepower per pound ratio of models with which general manager since 1951, continued in that
Hamilton Standard entered the starter field in capacity.
1951. Typical of the work being produced by the elec-
Deliveries of fuel-air starters to the Air Force tronics department was an advanced electronic ,
were accelerated during the year. These self-con- propeller Synchrophaser unit for Lockheed 1649
tained starters require no ground auxiliary equip- Super-Constellation and Douglas DC-7 transports.
ment to effect engine starting and are capable of The Synchrophaser, which features seven printed
higher horsepower ratings. Development also was wiring plug-in units, is capable of holding the
continued on propyl nitrate (monofuel) starters, phase relationship between rotating propellers to
which promise significant weight savings on a extremely close tolerances, reducing vibration and
system basis. noise in the aircraft cabin.
Early in the year Hamilton Standard placed in A separate department of Service Overhaul and
production a hydraulic pump capable of operating Repair was established late in 1957, with S. B. Sher-
at high temperatures while providing the needed win as manager. The Service Overhaul and Repair
auxiliary power to control supersonic aircraft. Four Department places in one operation the functions
of the new pumps power the hydraulic system of involving three separate organizations, centering
the B-58. A smaller version of the same pump was at"ound production, service inspection, and products
ordered by Convair for its "880" jet transport. services sections.
·1 46
 INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE Al~J) T~~:. .-~G- ~A?H CORPORATION

I T &T 's yea r \\·as marked b y co nsiderabl e expan- tion via airborne teleprinter "·as under test in the
sion to keep p ace ·with d evelop m ents in r adio a ir l a tter p a rt of the year a board a Canadian airliner.
n aviga tion , missile guidance, elecu-onic counter- Known as Narcast, this system elin1inates existing
measures and a ircraft components. Federal Tele- d elays of transmitting vital weather reports on
co mmuni ca tion L a borator ie , N utle y, N ew Jersey, cro\\·cled radiotelephone circuits.
Farnsworth Electronics Compan , Fort \•Vayne, In- In the field of long-range naviga tion, the Com-
dia na, a nd Kellogg Switchboaxd a nd Suppl y Com- pan-y's Navarho system was evaluated by the Air
p a ny, Chi cago, Illinois, all add ed ne' bui ldings Force a nd resulted in its being one of the sys tems
durin g the year , with FTL opening a n e"· resear ch presented to the International Civil Aviation Or-
center a t San Fernando, California, to establish ga niz a tion by the U. S. Government. Following
closer li a ison with wes t coast a ir fra1ne m anu£ac- these tests, however, FTL developed a completely
turers. The San F ernando plan t will specialize in tran sistorized version of the beariug portions of
research a nd d evelopment of inertial n aviga tion Navarho which, after long tests a t the Bureau of
a nd infrared guidance sys tems. Standards Station, Colorado Springs, exhibited an
One of the high points of the year was receipt accuracy twice that of older equipment tested by
of a n $ 11 .'1-rnillion contract for the manufacture the Air Force.
of T aca n ground equipment for ortac, the new In the field of low-approach and landing, the
U . S. common air navigation s stem adopted by Labs worked Oll the development of site-free glide
the Civil Aeronautics Administra tion. The equip- slope equipment. Sites adversely aiTecting this im-
ment, to be built by IT&T's m anufacturing arm, portant function had long been a problem with
Federal Telephone and Radio Company, Clifton, the ILS equipment. Tests at most of the worst
New Jersey, was developed at FTL. sites in the U. S. demonstrated that the new eql.lip-
Also completed was development by FTL of a ment was capable of providing accura tely flyable
non-voice, ground-air communication system ,., hich glide paths regardless of adverse terrain.
FTL and Farnsworth, in cooperation with FTR
can be integrated with Tacan. Known as Tacan
and Kellogg, carried on IT&T's vital ·work in the
Data Link, this new aid enables a sino-le CJ o-round
CJ
development of electronic "brains" for many of the
control station to dictate the flight p a tterns of any
nation's most important guided missiles.
number of aircraft that could r easo nab ly be aloft
IT&T co ntinued important work in the miss ile
in a given area . Ground consoles advise the con-
field , including the guidance systems for Talos and
troller of the bearing, distance, speed, altitude and
Terrier, the entire computing, ground, air and
heading of each plane. Via dual purpose instru- tracking system for Lacrosse, launching and firing
ments in the cockpits of the planes, the ground controls, test and checkout equipment for Bomarc
controller can order individual changes to best and air-to-ground communications for the second
effect safe and swift air travel in his ar ea. Tacan stage of the IGY satellite. -
Data Link incorporates a push-button arrangement lVIany of these systems were dependent on newly
for exchange of printed messages, eliminating any developed IT&T traveling--wave-tubes, semiconduc-
possibility of langu age confusion-particularly on tors and other components. Under development at
international flights. FTL was a minute silicon semiconductor device, a
Another new aviation aid which provides over- switching diode, which is abl~· to reverse electrical
seas flights with up-t~-the minute weath er informa- current 200,000 times a second.

FTL-d eve loped Tacan

ground installations guide
Ail· Force jJilots in Alaska.
 KAISER AIRCRAFT & ELECTRONICS DIVISION
KAISER INDUSTRIES CORPORATION

In October, the aircraft and electronics business complement of two numerically controlled machine
formerly conducted by Kaiser Aircraft & Electronics tools. Operation of the tools was scheduled for
Corporation became an operating division of Kaiser early 1958.
Industries Corporation. The San Leandro, California, plant, specializing
The division continued to expand its activities in precision machining, angular and longitudinal
during 1957 in the fields of research, engineering milling, airframe fabrication and assembly and mis·
and production in the aircraft, missile and elec- sile component machining, added a number of ma-
tronics industries. A new electronics plant was es- chine tools as part of a $500,000 expansion pro-
tabished in Phoenix, Arizona, and first occupied gram in support of production of jet aircraft and
during October. This brought to six the number missile components.
of plants operated by Kaiser Aircraft & Electronics Highlighting the acttvttles at the West Coast
Division. In addition to the Phoenix plant, the Electronics Laboratory at Palo Alto was progress
division had facilities engaged in electronics work on the Kaiser-Aiken thin cathode ray tube, of
at Palo Alto, California, and Toledo, Ohio. It which three configurations were being produced
was also operating three plants performing aircraft in prototype quantities for military airborne ap-
and missile work in the San Francisco Bay area. plications. Additional research during 1957 was
The latter three plants had an aggregate of 334-,000 directed toward development of other tubes for
square feet of floor area. both military and commercial applications.
The Richmond Machining Plant, Richmond, At the Toledo Electronics Plant, a complete en-
California, continued to devote a major portion of vironmental test laboratory was added during the
its effort to the manufacture of component parts year to provide a means of proving reliability of
for the Boeing B-52, KC-135 and Model 707 air- design and adherence to environmental specifica-
craft. In the latter part of the year, arrangements tions. The Toledo plant specialized in design and
were completed for the installation of an initial manufacture of missile systems testers.

CockjJit panel of the future (front) uses Kaiser's thin television tube.
 KOEHLER AIRCRAFf PRODUCTS COMPANY
DIVISIO~ OF NEW BRITAIN 1\IACHINE CORPORATIO:\'

Koehler continued as a major supplier of preci- A new Valve Testing Laboratory was put in op-
sion valves and accessories to practically all mili- eration early in the year. It facilitated production
tary and commercial aircraft in production or un- testing and aided product development and im-
der development. provement programs.
Following the industry trend, slow-do·wn of As the year ended Koehler was developing a
orders in the last half of the year necessitated a new series of high performance valves for the bal-
slight personnel reduction in the manufacturing listic missile programs and investigating special
division. items for ground support equipment.

KOLLSlUA~ INSTRUMENT CORPORATION

Increasing expansion in the manufacture of com- devices were received from the military as well as
plex au tom a tic navigation and flight control sys- from airframe manufacturers and industrial firms.
tems necessitated a reorganization of Kollsman's Substantial orders were also received for various
executive functions, a realignment of production advanced types of Kollsman Cabin Pressure Systems
forces, and an increase in manufacturing personnel. "·hich will be used in the new Douglas DC-8, the
Activities of the Kollsman Research and Engi- Fairchild F-27 twin turboprop as well as in other
neering Laboratories continued to intensify. Addi- aircraft.
tional engineering and technical personnel were There was a large increase in orders for the com-
added to the staff to round out the complement pany's Integrated Flight Instrument System. Known
required for the Laboratories' programs, which as KIFIS, it prO\·ides the extremely accurate flight
cover a wide range of automatic systems for manned instrumentation necessary for the solution of flight
aircraft and for guided missiles. Research was in separation problems. Over 140 of these systems
electronic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and were on order for use on the Douglas DC-8, the
chemical areas, with many of the systems combin- Boeing 707, the Convair 880, and the DeHavilland
ing several of these engineering arts. Comet IV.
Early in the year Kollsman started working on a Growing activity in the field of guided missiles
$26-million Air Force production contract for the has resulted in a stepped-up program of production
Automatic Astra Compass. Designed to increase in the Kollsman Synchrotel transmitters and servo
the strategic effectiveness of high speed, long range torque units. Because of their extremely light
aircraft, the system automatically tracks celestial weight and short response time, Synchrotel trans-
bodies and computes precise aircraft direction. mitters have become important components in the
A second procurement by the Air Force of the production of control and guidance systems as well
Kollsman automatic celestial na,·igational systems as of telemetering and other flight testing devices.
in 1957 was a contract for the pilot production of They are currently components in such guided
the ANjAVN-1 Astra Navigational Set. known as missile programs as the Regulus, Snark, LaCrosse.
the Kollsman Astro Tracker. This system is par- Volume production continued on the Kollsman
ticularly suited for use in high speed, long-range line of sensitive and high range precision altimeters,
fighter-bombers although it has application in Mach airspeed indicators, airspeed indicators. true
many other types of aircraft. It automatically and airspeed indicators, and 1\fachmeters. Subst~ntial
continuously tracks a celestial body, measuring its orders were filled for thrust meters, tachometers,
altitude angle and relative bearing, both required vertical speed indicators, pitot and pitot static
for computing the position and true heading of the tubes, and various types of special flight research
aircraft. This relieves the navigator of manual units.
sighting, saves time, and greatly reduces the possi- Also in quantity production were combination
bility of human error. differential and absolute pressure instruments, bam-
Quantity production orders for high performance switches, weather instruments, periscopic and hand-
air data computers and for various types of special held sextants, and other precision optical devices

149
a :.cl components. Pressure switches a nd pressure The number of emp loyees in a ll plants rose from
m.onitors were in ·wide de ma nd fo r guided missile 44:00 a t the beginning of the yea r to 5555 a t the
application. :Motor production continued high end of the first ten months.
·w ith a concentration o n precision indu ction motors Orders received during the first ten months of
and r a te ge nerators. 1957 amou nted to $33-millio n. The b acklog of un-
Kollsm a n's ne w 160,000-sq u are-foot plant in Syos- filled orders for th e same period a mounted to
se t, Long Island, was completed in the fall of 1956. a pprox imately $60-million.

LAND-AIR, INC.

Int erior view of L ancl-Ai1Js

hangar sjJace at Ch eyenne.

During 1957, L an d-A ir acquired Stepper Motors Land-Air a lso completed a CAA study contract
Corporation and subsequently operated the com- on an A irborne Automatic Navigation Aiel Check
p a ny as a division. Stepper's basic product is a bi- System which checks accuracy of ground stations
directional, incremental motor ·with applications in in such systems as VOR, DME and TACAN. Un-
missiles and machine tool automation. der the same contract, the company developed a
The Cheyenne Division was certified by the Civil Navigation Aiel Performance Evaluation System
Aeronautics Administration to p erform unlimited which analyzes data recorded by the airborne sys-
repair on Class I, III and IV airframes a nd Radio tem to evaluate the performance of the same
Class I with limited navigation. ground stations.

LEAR, INC.

Lear, Inc., entered its twenty-eighth year o£ bu si- duction ' yas started on guidance system components
n ess in 1957. Shipments for the year were esti- for Boeing's Bomarc, a nd the company furnished
mated at $65-million and new business a t $70- automatic flight con trol systems for various drones.
million. As of November l , backlog was app roxi- In addition to seve~·al major classified programs,
mately $60-million, and employmen t was 4200. the following missile developments were reported:
Developmen t and production of gu ida n ce a nd coordi n ate converters; data link receivers; various
control systems and compon ents for missiles r e- gyroscopic reference sys tems including three-axis
cei ved priority a t the company's domestic ope r at- data generators and two-, three-, a nd four-axis sta-
ing d ivisions at Grand Rapids, M ichi gan; Elyria, ble platforms; hi gh-temp erature pneumatic motors;
Ohio; a nd Sa nta Monica, C aliforn ia . Volume pro- pressurizing equipment for electronic devices, cool-

15 0
..
ant u nit -, dehydra tors, desiccators, p umps and fuel-
in g device . A n A nny resea rch contract was award-
ed the '"Ornp a n y in con n ec tion ' ith a north-seeking
gy roscope.
In creased emph as is was placed o n ai r tran sport
equipm ent, a nd th e produ t line for both militaxy
a nd com mercial tra n ports was substantially aug-
m ent ed . A mong the new sys tem added to the
basic lin e of produ cts in thi categor " ·ere the
L -102 all-tra nsisto ri zed a utoma ti c Ai o-ht co n trol sys-
tem , a n Integrated Flight Sys tem pro iding eas ily-
rea d " n atura l flight" indi catio n (" ·hi ch L eax calls
"Na Oi ") , the Lear NavCom sys tem, m odularly com- L ea·r's L-102 fligh t test elecl?·onic pa ckage and 3-axis
bining basic r eq uireme n ts [or r eli ab le r adio n avi- data ge nemloT.
ga ti on a nd co mmunica ti o n for a ircraft in lFR a nd
VF R co ndition s, the tra nsistorized DF-100, :mel
th e Su pe r A RCO (Automatic Rudder Control).
in one instrument att itude reference, g lide p a th
The L- 102 was in stalled in th e Lockh eed J etS tar,
director, slip or skid, and. rate of turn.
F a irchild Friendship F-27, a nd in vario us b usiness
a ircraft, including a L ea rstar ' hi ch was the first First orders were received in 1957 for a remote
busin ess a ircraft to fl y the tra11 spolar route from control trimming sys tem for turbojet engines. The
the U . S. to Europe. The L -102 was produced in system affords a method of engine trimming- b y
qu a ntity for the Fren ch Sud Aviation Caravelle jet the ground crew a t the cockpit or other remote
a irlin ers ordered b y Air Fra nce. position, and provides for a quick mounting and
Lear engaged in volu m e produ ction on the fol- uncoupling- to the fuel control.
lmvi ng sys tems as a result of i nitial or follow-on The company's Electrolink remote positioning
co ntrac ts rece ive d durin g 1957 : AN j AJB -3 L ow Al- sys tern -vvas ordered in qu an tity fo r diverse applica-
titud e Bo mbing Sys tem , Ma ter \.ttitude R eference tio ns in i ndu stry. vVork progressed under a devel-
System (MARS) , Vertical Gyro Indicator, l\IIC-1 opment contract o n a remote-controlled guidance
A uto pilo t for the Boeing KC- 135 tanker-tram port, system, which was applied to various USl\IIC
D a mping Sys tem for the L ockheed F-104: Star- tracked vehicles. Using- su ch systerns, unmanned
fighter, A ir Inlet Sys tem for the R epublic F-105 landing cra ft can be maneuvered through danger-
Thunderchief, and electroni c guidance components ous surf conditions an d onto a beach by drivers
for the Bomarc interceptor mi ssile. tiding in h elicopters.
The Lear "whole p an el" d evelopmen t program Overseas business accounted for an increasing
was carried fonva rcl. under an A ir Force contract proportion of to tal volume in 1957. The Munich
for cockpit improve1T1ent. The d esign philosophy division, L ea r Electro nic GmbH, obtained orders
of the "pilot-centered cockpit" calls for integr a ting from the German A ir :Ministry for rnore than $1.5-
in struments as a p art of the cockpit rather than as million for a utoma tic direction finders . The Ge-
separate components, in order to m ake readily neva division, Lear S.A., obtained orders for stabili-
avail able to the pilot all of the information he ' zation sys tems wh ich were installed in the Swiss
requires. A ir Force jet fi ghter, the P-16. To li cen sees of
Simplification of pilots' moni tor ing duties is also L ea r products in France a nd Italy was added a
the concept behind a n ew fli ght director-attitude British firm , licen sed to produce Lear automatic
indicator, developed by Lear in 1957, combining stabilization equipment.

THE LIQUIDOMETER CORPORATION

Liquidometer extended its research and develop- pies of gaging were developed includino· an "all
m ent activities in connection with capacitance and a ttitude'' type whi ch will measure fuel ~ccurately
other types of liquid measuring systems, during on an aircraft or a missile r egardless of a ttitude.
1957. As a result a number of entirely new princi- During the year, d eliveries were made to Douglas

151
 --
Aircraft Company of Liquidometer "true weight" ment up to 125°C. In addition, many of the new-
gaging systems for installation on DC-8 airplanes. est types of aircraft and missiles were equipped
This system measures fuel accurately regardless of with other Liquidometer products such as thermis-
the density of the fuel. tor liquid level sensors, position indicating systems
Numerous installations were made of Liquid- and miniature magnetic amplifier relays.
ometer's transistorized fuel gaging equipment During 1957, Liquidometer occupied its newly
which features silicon transistors exclusively and constructed building in Los Angeles which pro-
which will withstand high temperature environ- vides sales, engineering and repair services.

MINNEAPOLIS-HONEYWELL REGULATOR COMPANY

::VIinneapolis-Honeywell opened a new engineer- and major components for many missile and rocket
ing facility in St. Petersburg, Florida, designed and programs including the Vanguard, Titan, Thor,
constructed exclusively for the development and Snark and others, plus several Army missile pro-
manufacture of inertial guidance systems and com- grams.
ponents. The 98,000-square-foot plant cost $2.5- The Aeronautical Division was also supplying
million and included more than $2-million in systems for the F-100, F-101, CF-100 and was de-
equipment. Employment reached more than 500 signing new systems for several other Air Force
by year-end, including more than 200 engineers. and Navy aircraft. Honeywell was an associate
The Aeronautical Division, together with Honey-
prime to RCA in developing a new Integrated
well's Ordnance Division and Boston Division, were Electronic Weapon System for the Canadian super-
grouped administratively into a new :Military Prod- sonic CF-105 fighter. Honeywell Low Altitude
ucts Group for better responsibility for weapon Bombing Systems (LABS) were being supplied to
system contracts. Resources of the Group include all Air Force fighter-bombers, to the Royal Air
9000 employees (about 2000 professional engi- Force and Royal Navy. LABS was also adapted for
neers) and 12 major plants in seven cities from use on the B-4 7.
coast to coast which have more than 1,400,000
Advances in the field of hermetic integrating
square feet of engineering and production space.
gyroscope (HIG) or "floated" gyro development
Stephen F. Keating, vice president in charge of the
and manufacture were made during the year with
Aeronautical Division, was named head of the
Honeywell's design and initial production of a
Group. miniaturized HIG (called MIG) that weighs less
Honeywell was working on prime contracts for than a half-pound and its companion accelerometer
two missile development programs: (I) "Wag (the MPIA-Miniature Pendulous Integrating Ac-
Tail" the air-to-ground guided rocket for the Air celerometer) that weighs less than .4 pound. Re-
Force Armament Center, and (2) The "ASROC" search work was conducted at both the Aero-
missile program for the Navy; this contract is held nautical Division's Minneapolis and St. Petersburg
by the Ordnance Division. In addition, the Aero- plants on new inertial-grade gyros and gyros utiliz-
nautical Division was supplying guidance systems ing new electronic concepts.

THE NEW YORK AIR BRAKE COMPANY

WATERTOWN DIVISION

Three new pump series, to expand the division's 25 gallons per minute at 3000 pounds per square
existing product line of constant and variable flow, inch, was designed for operation at 35,000 revolu-
axial piston hydraulic pumps and pump-motor tions per minute and -65°F to 500°F. This new
combinations, were developed during 1957. design features continuous air and vapor ejection
The Rotodynamic Pump, a high-speed, high- and optimized scoop design. The Over-center
pressure, two stage, "scoop" pump delivering I 0 to Pump, a rotating cylinder-block pump with over-
152
 l\ ew York Air Brake adds
center cam, offers the advantage o£ reversible flow, three n:ew pump·s to its
line: the Over-cente1· pump
close control with little pulsation, and small size (l eft); the Rotodynamic
(19 pounds). High temperature pumps "'ere also jntmp (middle); and the
produced for use at temperatures above 400 °F. High Tempemtme pump.

PACIFIC AIRMOTIVE CORPORATION

Pacific Airmotive continued to expand the scope subsidiary, PacAero Engineering Corp., Santa
of its commercial operations during 1957. Under Monica, California.
the terms of the first commercial jet engine over- On July I, the company's test and ground sup-
haul agreement in history, PAC will overhaul the port equipment division located at Linden, New·
Pratt & ·whitney ]57 engines powering Conti- Jersey, became a wholly owned subsidiary. The
nental Air Lines' fleet of Boeing 707 jet transports. new company, Flight Support, Inc., "moved into a
These engines and their accessories will be over- completely modern new p1ant at Metuchen, New
haul ed at PAC's main plant in Burbank, Cali-
Jersey, in November.
fornia, where new jet engine facilities are under
vVest Coast test and ground support equipment
constructi ton.
manufacturicg facilities for the company were con-
Distributor for Grumrnan Aircraft Engineering
solidated at PacAero in September. Design and
Corp.'s turboprop powered "Gulfstream" business
manufacture of specialized rocket and missile test
tra nsport scheduled for delivery in 1958, PAC sold
the first production model to Sinclair Refining equipment was accelerated and test equipment of
Company, Tulsa. Sales and service of the "Gulf- more general application was also expanded.
stream" are handled by both PA C's Burbank Air- A standard production model Learstar transport
craft Division and the compan y's wh olly owned built by PacAero Engineering Corp. became the

Th e L ean ta1· is manufac tta ecl by Pacll e-ro Engineering Corporation.

fir st twin-engine aircraft, as " ·e ll as th e first busi- During 1957, PacAero was named excl usive U.S .
n ess aircraft, to fly the trans-Pol ar route from Los manufacturer and distributor of Spraymat, a de-
Angeles to Dusseldorf, Germ any. Only refu eling velopment of D. Napier & Son, Ltd., of London,
stop was a t Frobisher Bay, Northwest Territories. En gla nd. Manufacture of Spraymat, a patented
Total elapsed time for the Aight was 23 hours, 58 system for electrical de-icing and anti-icing, was
minutes. scheduled to begin in PacAero's new plant late
D. Tapier & Son, Ltd. , London, awa rded con- in 1957.
tracts to P acAero coverin g the co nversi on and
Another PAC subsidiary, Pioneer Aircraft Leas-
flight testin g of El a nd-Conv a irs. Valued at approxi -
in g Corp., signed a five-year engine-leasing contract
mate! y $!-million, the agreements covered co nver-
with Slick Airways. The contract provides for the
sion of three Convair 340's a nd one Co nv a ir 440,
leasi n g of 2'1 R-2800-CB engines for DC-6A aircraft
p 1 us certification of both a ircraft.
A sustained perform a nce record of 630 C-<17 air- operated b y the fl ee t carrier. P eriodic overhau l of
craft overhauled, modified an d deliv ered on sched- the engines is accomplished in PAC's Burbank
ule was achieved by PAC 's militar y a ircra ft facility engine shop.
at Chino, California. Last aircraft und er the co m- Consolidated sales for Pacific Airmotive Corpo-
pan y's third C-47 IRAN (inspect a nd r epa ir as nec- ration and its wholly owned subsidiaries were
essary) contract rolled off the production line at $24,467,215 for the nine-month period ended Au-
Chino and was accepted b y the Air Force in Oc- gust 31, 1957. This compares with sales of $1<1,759,-
tober. 926 for the same period in 1956.

RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA

and avoid storms up to eighty miles ahead. Braniff

International Airways became the sixth major U.S.
airline to install regular RCA ·wea ther penetration
rad ar (AVQ-10).
RCA successfully modified for single-sideband
operation the ARC-21 high-altitude, long-range air-
borne communications system. Known as the ARC-
65, the single-sideband version provides for 44,000
frequency channels, spaced at 500 cycle intervals
throughout the high-frequency spectrum, from 2 to
24 megacycles. Used in a Strategic Air Command
B-52, the ARC-65 made continuous station contact
at ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 miles.
The newly-developed transponder radar beacon
RCA's lightw eight weather-radar system.. a utomatically broadcasts aircraft's identity to traf-
fic control center when triggered by ground inter-
rogation equipment. Employing printed wiring
Weather radar for sma ll planes; modification Lo
and compact packaging concepts, the AVQ-60 has
single-sideband operation for a widely-used high
a rece iving and transmitting range of more than
altitude, lon g-ra nge co mmuni ca tions system; per-
200 miles.
fec tion of the "data link" system for controlling
and g uiding intercepto r aircraft; development of Presented as a discussion item at 1957 airlines
a 25-pound transponder beacon radar for use in meetings was exploratory work on the possibilities
air traffic control; a nd the possibility of modifying of modification of RCA's weather radar, which
weather radar into addition a l usa ge as a n a irborn e would be required to utilize this equipment as a
proximity wa rnin g indi ca tor keynoted the RCA's Proximity \1\Tarning Indicator. This \vould permit
aviation work during 1957 . changing the scope presenta tion to a short-range
A new ·w eather a.voida nee radar ·ystem for small scale and different polarization techniques for rain
planes (th e A VQ-50) was d eveloped. 'We ighin g clutter suppression. Ground clutter at low alti-
only fifty pounds, this unit enab les pilots to "see" tud es m ay b e overcome by integrati on techniqu es,

154
w h i le ur veillan ce to th e r ea r could be provided d amage; receipt of an A ir Force product improve-
by addi n g rear-l oo kin g a ntenn a . RC \ continued m ent contract under which RCA ,.·ill develop in-
stu clie of the fe as ibility of these chan ges. du strywide design and reliability standards for
Ot her RC achievements included de, elopment various types of airborne electronic equipment;
o f a 10-o unce " no ise b a rri er" ea r protector to en- and development of a high-intensity noise system
ab le ground crews a nd maintenance p erso nnel at for quick, eco nomical pre-flight l ab tests on sur-
military and com merci al airfield to work around vival capacity of elec tronic components and assern-
jet a ircra ft w ithout d a nger of he arin g loss or ear blies for jet aircraft and g uided missiles.

ROHR AIRCRAFT CORPORATION

R ohr continued its produ ctio n of power p ack- plant. For m e tal bonded stru cture work, a second
ages and also turned out high streng th steel weld- large autoclave was added at Riverside in 1957.
ments, brazed stainless steel hon eycom b sandvvich Late in the year, Rohr completed construction of
panels, metal bonded panels, fl ap u·acks, large fuse- a company-designed and fabricated press with a
lage sections, horizontal stabilizers and eleva tors. capacity of 25,000 tons as an aiel in cost cutting
Components were being manufactured for Boeing on tools and production parts.
A irplane Company, Douglas Aircraft Company,
Expansion of engineering and research facilities
Conva ir Division and Lockheed A ircraft Corpora-
continued through 1957 as part of the compa ny's
tion for use of five military a nd six commercial
diversification program.
airpl a nes.
Rohr was also working on a thrust reverser and During the year, Rohr opened a new assembly
noise suppressor for jet engines. plant at Auburn, ' Nashington, where jet pods for
The compan y added during the ear a n elec- Boeing's KC-135 tanker and 707 commercial trans-
tronically controlled profile milling m achine at the port are assembled hom parts furni shed by the
Chula Vista, California, . plant, a nd a Sheridan California plants. Rohr also expanded its assem-
combination transverse and longitudinal and bly plant at ·w inder, Georgia, for Lockheed C-130
stre tch forming press, a 250-ton pun ch press and pm.' er package work. Employment at all plants
a large press brake at the Riverside, California, rose from I 0,000 to 12,500.

; SIMMONDS AEROCESSORIES, INC.

During 1957 Simmonds m ade substantial gains dicator-amplifier-bridge was designed to meet latest
in the packaging and circuitry of capacitance liquid specifications. This unit incorporates a cluplexing
measurement and management sys tems which re- device which permits one amplifier to serve two
sulted in increased reli ability, and decrease of distinct fuel gage functions. A multi-plexing de-
weight and size of ~qe components. The l\II-2 free- vice was aJso design ed to permit one amplifier to
flooding tank unit was designed to provide a ho- serve more than two fuel gage functions. Simmonds
mogeneous mixture of fuel within the ta nk unit or Load Limit Control was successfully installed on
probe, insuring th a t this mixture is th e same as the
fuel contents in the fu el tank. This improvement
assures that the fuel gage is measuring actJJal fuel Simmonds' SARAH B eacon was Tedesigned in 1957 .
content. Simmonds' transistorized indica tor-ampli-
fier-bridge was considerably shortened so that the
overall length is approximately two inches. This
substantially decreased the weight of the unit and
consequently the over-all ·w eight of the fuel gage
installation.
A dual-function transistorized counter-pointer in-
/
the Viscount aircraft operated- by Capital Airlines ments in circuitry. The final design of the LOCAR
and was scheduled for the French Sud Aviation -Location & Rescue-beacon was completed. The
Caravelle. LOCAR beacon was designed to transmit signals
Simmonds Search and Rescue and Homing which could be picked up on continuous wave or
equipment, which transmits a distress signal per· pulse ·wave receivers.
mitting searchers to "home" on a location, was Simmonds fuel injection equipment was installed
repackaged and redesigned to American standards on several prototype right aircraft engines. These
in 1957. This equipment was considerably light- injection systems incorporate newly designed alti-
ened through the use of transistors and improve- tude compensation fuel flow cut-off devices.

SOLAR AIRCRAFT COMPANY

Early in 1957 Solar began work on the smallest high-temperature brazing during I 957. A thermal
gas turbine aircraft engine ever built'. The new process for effecting the atomic bonding of solid
55-horsepower Titan engines, planned in both vari- surfaces by means of a fused filler rnaterial, high-
able-speed and constant-speed versions, were de- temperature brazing is an increasingly important
signed for use in one-man helicopters and flying manufacturing technique. High-temperature braz-
platforms under military study. The engine will ir.g was used by Solar in the manufacture of both
weigh only 50 pounds, and will have a maximum fabricated parts and heat-resistant all-metal honey-
diameter of 1502 inches, a maximum height of 2202 comb sandwich structures that provide the strength
inches. It is being developed under joint Army- of high alloys with the weight of lighter metals,
Navy contract. plus the ability to stand up under temperatures as
high as 1800°F. Many new brazing materials and
Solar undertook a major expansion of the com-
methods were developed by Solar for the program,
pany's missile and nuclear development activities
as well as new high-temperature brazing furnaces.
during 1957. As part of this expansion the com-
New assembly lines for -gas turbine engines were
pany formed a research and development engineer- established by Solar in I 957. The lines will allow
ing group devoted entirely to missile and nuclear the company to turn out production quantities of
technology. The group was assigned advanced 50 horsepower Mars and 500 horsepower Jupiter
missile development studies of complete weapons gas turbine engines for use in a wide variety of air-
systems for the military services and for non- craft and missile applications. Uses include pod-
military scientific research. mounted electric supply, ground support for jet
The company's research and development activi- aircraft, guided missile ground support, auxiliary
ties were stepped up considerably in the area of power for air operations and others.

Solm·'s assembly line for jJroduction of Mars generator sets.

 SPERRY GYROSCOPE COlUPANY

.\ highlight of Sperry's 1957 year was the forma- requirements, the transistorized SP-30 system has
tion "·ithin the company's Air Armament Di,·ision wide application for automatic precision control of
of a special countermeasures section. Sperry has future jet aircraft, over the needed wide range of
important assignments in the field which are classi- a "slow" I 00-miles-per-hour to sonic speeds and
fied. above.
Sperry was assigned follow-on production of the For military jets, the Air Force called for con-
primary navigation and guidance systems for the tinued production of MA-2 automatic flight con-
Air Force's Convair B-58. The ,·irtuallv automatic trol systems for B-52 Stratofortresses. Latest orders
control systems are for flight path direction of the brought to $9.15-million the amount of contracts to
B-58 and accurate release of its detachable pod. produce these advanced systems. The l\IA-2 pro-
Sperry "·as also assigned the design and manufac- \"icles strategic bomber crews "'ith automatic "K-
ture of ground check-out equipment for the B-58. System" bombing control, as well as "hands-off"
An inertial navigation system, designed for use control on long flights to targets and on instru-
in determining ship position for firing the Navy ment landings.
Lockheed Polaris missile, was undergoing test and Sperry continued work on "super-radars" for the
evaluation during the year aboard the experimen- Navy's fleet-defense guided missiles Terrier and
tal ship Compass Island. The system, which pin- Talos.
points the ship's location and plots true course and The year also brought successful completion of
speed continuously, is a joint Navy-Sperry project. quantity production requirements on all elements
A year-long field test program on CYT AC (Lo- of the Navy's introductory air-to-air missile system,
ran-C) hyperbolic radio navigation system for air Sparrow I. Deliveries adequate for several years'
and sea was completed. The system requires a small fleet usage of this combat-ready weapon-complete
number of ground transmitters to provide a com- with airborne radar guidance gear, shorebased
plete 2-!-hour, all-weather air and sea navigation and shipboard check-out equipment, complete mis-
blanket over the United States and adjacent sea siles with various warheads, launching racks and
lanes. The tests, conducted by the Air Armament other system components-were finished on sched-
Division with Air Force and Bureau of Standards ule about mid-year.
cooperation, confirmed a range capability of 1500 In the same period, another Sperry assignment
miles over land routes and 2200 miles over the sea. to comp~ete a missile system got under way, with
Sperry received an Air Force contract in 1957 initial planning and first pilot production of com-
for the development of a Twin Gyro "stable plat- ponents for an advanced, but un-named Army
form," differing in rna jor respects from com• en tional surface-to-surface missile with new high perform-
two and three gyro platforms. The Twin Gyro ance capabilities.
employs a new concept of two identical directional During 1957, Sperry created a new laboratory
groups, set at right angles to each other, instead which developed smaller and lighter gyro devices
of the usual combination of one vertical and one for future missiles. These eliminate the need for
directional gyro. heavy pm,·er supplies, by self-contained explosive
The company continued its "·ork on inertial or hot-gas generators to drive high-speed gyroscopes,
guidance systems during the year and started pro- servos and actuators. Some of these miniature de-
duction of new gyroscopes and other inertial com- vices can accelerate instantaneously, without warm-
ponents of high accuracy. The systems are designed up time, up to 50,000 revolutions per minute in
for long range missiles, atomic ships and subma- two-tenths of one second or less.
rines and supersonic aircraft. Successful achieve- Other gyro advances brought into production a
ment of new production line precision in mil- new lightweight Gyrosyn (R) compass system of
lionths demanded redesign of many factory areas unprecedented accuracy six to fifteen times more
and methods and the creation of new super-sensi- precise than previous types.
tive test devices to insure accuracy. The new C-11 Gyrosyn Compass achieves its ac-
Sperry also moved into initial production of its curacy with a non-floated gyro having greatly-re-
new SP-30 flight control systems for the Convair duced random drift rate, even under stress and vi-
8RO and Douglas DC-R jetliners and the l\'lartin bration not exceed i no·
h
one-half deo-ree
h
ller hour.
SeaMaster, multi-jet attack seaplane. Developed Such stability is particularly valuable at high lati-
over an eight-year period to meet precise jet flight tudes where the eart11's magnetic field makes ordi-

157
 Lockheed Electra and Fairchild Friendship.
These new instruments replace m an y sep arate
cockpit indicators, a nd display pre-co mputed fli ght
data . Prin cipal elements are an R-1 Pictori al Devi-
ation Indi ca tor, a basic radio naviga tion a nd la nd-
ing co ntrol instrument; the HZ-3 Hori zo n Flight
Director, a combined artificial horizon and Zero
Reader (R) flight director for accurate n avigation
and a ttitude control; and a Gyrosy n Compass mas-
ter indica tor combining basic magneti c and radio
direc tion information .
In 1957 the Air Force adopted worlcl-·wicle usage
of Sperry engine a nalyzers of both ground and air-
borne types, to obtain more ~fficient continuous
performance of a ll piston aircraft.
Sperry started production of ne-vv Turbin e Vibra-
tion Indicators, to h elp maintain the full high-per-
formance capability of turbine engine types. The
equipment has been specified by American Airlines
for continuous monitoring of the turbin e engines
on its Lockheed Electra and Boeing 707 jetliners.
Further development continued on other types of
needed automatic controls for both turbojet and
ramjet power plants.
Sperry's Air Armament Division continued vol-
ume production of the APN-69 airborne homing
beacon used in refueling operations of Air Force
planes. The system enables bombers to pinpoint
the exact location of their tankers while still hun-
dreds of miles away.
The company expanded production of integrated
test equipment for monitoring and checking per-
formance of missiles and early warning radars, op-
erating at frequencies from 400 to 36,000 mega-
cycles. Manufac ture continued on other micro-
wave sub-systems a nd special dual antenna systems
for missile radars.
Sperry developed new types of RACE (Rapid
SjJerry-d eve loped microwave dual lens.
Automatic Checkout Equipment), a tester for com-
plex missiles and aircraft. The company delivered
to the Atlas ICBM project RACE 101, capable of
nary magnetic compasses unreliable, and ground checking out in 90 seconds every circuit in a room-
navigation aids are virtually non-existent. size computer. Newest types will also check out
A revolutionary method of calibrating aircraft ground stations, factory and depot quality control
compass systems-expected to save millions of dol- a ·- d flight line tests of aircraft systems.
la rs in ground maintenance and flight costs-was The company's Electronic Tube Division ex-
provided for the Air Force late in 1957. The equip- panded its facilities to include volume production
m ent electronicaPy " rotates the world" around a of multi-megawatt transmitter klystrons for super-
parked aircraft, to provide more reliable compass radars, transponder klystrons for long-ra nge mis-
ca libration in as m a ny as 2L1 directions. siles, m e ta l-ce ramic traveling wave amplif-iers for
New integ rated instrument combinations, incor- new airborne weapons and special oscillator tubes
p o ra ting· many improved fea tures, hav e n ow bee n for radar equipment. Production also continued
specified for u se on A m erica's fleet of turbine air- on transmitter klystrons for the T ACAN air navi-
line rs- the Dou glas DC-8, Co nvair 880, Boeing 707, gation system . .

158
 SUNDSTRAND AVLI\TION DIVISION
SUJ'I"DSTRAND 1\'IACHINE TOOL CO.l\'IPANY

Sund strand maintained a hi gh level of produc- This facili~y d~signed

was and ~t specific~lly
to
tion of constant speed drives and associated elec- hou se equ1pment for development and testmg of
trical co nu·ols. Other Sundstrand Aviation prod- components and sys tems. The entire facility Is
u cts included a line of high speed, low weight, devoted to combating the problem of heat, in con-
co ntinu ous duty h yd raulic motors, high tempera- junction with other adverse environmental condi-
ture h ydraulic pumps a nd motors, special h ydraulic tions. Test equipment provides for testing from
-100 ° F to 1200°F, altitudes to 200,000 feet, and
motors, a nd field test stands.
v ibr a tio:~ tests to a 15,000 pound force level.
High temperature ·work dominated Sundstrand's
A new plant specializing in the production of all
research program during the year. Severa l hydraulic
types of Sundstrand housings was opened this yea r.
pumps and motors d esigned to operate in the 600 °- A new Sundstrand Aircraft Service Corporation
700 0F range were develop ed . A constant speed Office was also established in Seattle, \ 'Vashington.
dri ve was successfully operated in a n ambient tem- Pre;)arations were completed for the opening of an
p er a ture of 800 °F with oil-in temperature of 600 °F. area representative 's office in Dallas, Texas, early
Extensive high temperature tests of jet engine in 1958 to serve the Southwestern area. Other ex-
lubricants and hydraulic fluids continued during pansion increased engineering space 50 percent and
the year. Other high tempera ture deve lopment almost doubled model shop facilities.
work continued on individual components such as Sundstrand-Denver continued to be a substantial
filters, journal and anti-friction bearings, static and second source for Sundstrand constant speed drives
dynamic seals, and gears. Much of this work 1s and continues development work in the fields of
presently aimed at the 1200 °F level. cyrogenics, pumps, nuclear reactor co~trols, fuel
A million dollar, 17,000-square-foot environ- system components and hyclro-mechamcal equip-
mental test laboratory was nearing completion. ment for the chemical industry.

THOMPSON PRODUCTS, INC.

Thompson Products continued in 1957 to ex- tool. Complete simulation of sys tems from con-
panel its research, development and manufactur- ceptual design to prototype development is possible
ing facilities, and made comparative advances with the simulator.
m product and manufacturing areas relative :More pronounced interest jn designing, develop-
to the aircraft, missile and rocket equipment fields. ing and producing components, systems and com-
Thompson Products Staff Research and Develop- plete sub-assembly units for missile applications
ment, New Devices Group, installed a ne,.,. analog · was evidenced in 1957. In conjunction 'With the
computer available for commercial or militarv Ramo-\'Vooldridge Corporation, an affiliate, radio
work. The principal use of the computer wa~ control units, radar homing coritrols and auto-
in the simulation of control components, systems pilots mechanisms were developed.
and complete units. This a nalog simulator was Thompson Products Electronics Division de-
also used to develop a Director-Controlled machine veloped advanced electronic c ountermeasures de-

Tho mpson l:'mdu cts' n ew analog corn puteT facilit y was installed tn 1957.
 vices and new design coaxial switches covering test cells were in use testing auxiliary power units
"·ide frequency ranges. of present and advanced design.
The West Coast Division of Thompson Products One of the major expansion programs of Thomp-
continued production of components made from son Products began in February, when ground was
thin wall tubing through the use of the metal broken for a new Staff Research and Development
gathering and flotrusion processes. One-piece inte- Science Center in Cleveland, Ohio. Areas of re-
gral construction of rods and pistons, tubular forms search at this new Center will include Metallurgi-
of all sizes and shapes are possible using these cal and Chemical Laboratories, New Devices De-
methods. Flotrusion makes possible closer toler- velopment and Research Groups, Nuclear Prod-
ances in thin walls and eliminates the use of ex- ucts Department, Machine Tool Automation, Metal
pensive machinery and polishing practices. Cutting Laboratory and Automotive Research and
Development Laboratories.
The Accessories Division opened a new labora-
Research under way during 1957 in the missile
tory facility at Roanoke, Virginia, Advanced auxili-
and rocket fields included studies of cermet ma-
ary power units and new pump concepts for han-
terials, ·mono- and hi-propellant fuels, auxiliary
dling high energy and exotic fuels for future jet
power units, gas generators, liquidjvapor fuel sys-
engine and missile uses were undergoing develop- tems, alternators and regulators for missile appli-
ment and testing in this laboratory. A number of cations and nuclear propulsion power plants.

VICKERS INCORPORATED
DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND

Organizational changes aimed specifically at industry. The Torrance group is spear-heading

meeting the expanding needs of the aircraft indus- the packaging, or manifolding, of electro-hydraulic
try and its changeover to rocket and missile pro- units into self-contained power and control pack-
duction highlighted the 1957 year for Vickers In- ages.
corporated. The year also saw the complete activation of the
The Aero Hydraulics Division was set up under facilities at the new Administration and Engineer-
the guidance of B. W. Badenoch, Divisional Man- ing Center in suburban Detroit. This facility
ager, to streamline product design and develop- houses a complete concentration of hydraulic lab-
ment, sales, service and production for the spe- oratory and research facilities. Plans called for
cialized aircraft and missile industry. This newly completion by early 1958 of a new addition, cap-
created division was provided its own design and able of testing complete hydraulic systems at ultra-
development, application engineering and produc- temperatures (ranging to 1000°F) .
tion facilities. · Along with high temperature research, an ex-
The reorganization also brought along the estab- tensive development program was under way lead-
lishment of three new regional offices in Seattle, ing to hydraulic components utilizing higher pres-
Long Island, and Washington, D. C. Other re- sures. A 4000 psi aircraft pump resulted and was
gional offices include those in Miami, Florida, Ar- being delivered for operational use. Another con-
lington, Texas, and Torrance, California. Cre- centrated program included the miniaturization of
ation of these offices, as well as extensive represen- hydraulic power units, both piston and vane type.
tation in the newly created Vickers International Development work entered the final stages and
Division, gave the Vickers Aero Hydraulics Division production started on the hydraulic components-
world wide engineering and service representa- main system pumps, etc.-for the new round of
tion. turbojet and turboprop airliners. Vickers hy-
In January, 1957, a new production facility was draulic products have been specified for use on
opened in Jackson, Mississippi. This plant added Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and the Lockheed Elec-
approximately 130,000 square feet of manufactur- tra. The latter aircraft will use a new oil cooled
ing area to the main plant in Detroit and the pro- motorpump of revolutionary design. A hydraulic
duction facility in Joplin, Missouri. ground starting package for airline and military
The completion of the Torrance plant in Febru- use was also successfully developed and demon-
ary, 1957, added another 100,000 square feet of strated extensively.
new facility in the heart of the California aircraft An across-the-board increase in rotating speed of
160
appro ximate! ll percent for all \ ickers piston duced. A high response, lo" weight and reliable
typ e pump a nd motors was achieved. Also, special servo valve was also developed. This unit is a two-
units were developed for applications requiring stage, dry coil valve, weighing 9.3 ounces and capa-
input speeds up"ards to 20,000 revolutions per ble of up to five gallons per minute flmv. Vickers
minute. Continued progress ·was made in the design "as meeting another expanding market with paral-
a nd development of electro-hydraulic constant leling development progress on packaged radar
speed drives. \laboratory mockup was run success- drives for airborne, shipborne and stationary appli-
full y and total evaluation units are now being pro- cations.

WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION

The compan y's <llst year of actiVIty in the avia- The new \1Vestinghouse metal is intended as a
tion industry was marked by expansion of facilities structural material for use in the turbine section
for development and production of aircraft equip- of the jet engine, ·where the hottest moving parts
ment. are found. It offers special promise as a material
A new wing that adds 100,000 square feet to the for constructing turbine discs. The new material;
\1\Testinghouse Electric Corporation's air ann eli- which is referred to simply as \1\1545, is an alloy of
vision in Baltimore, Maryland, was completed. six essential elements: iron, nickel, chromium, and
The ·wing represented the seventh expansion pro- in smaller proportions, molybdenum, titanium and
gram at the plant since the air arm building was boron.
completed in 1951.
The two-story addition to the building includes
nearly 70,000 square feet of office space for some
Hf estinghouse racla1· tra ch-while-scan system.
of the plant's engineers. Located on top of the
new wing is a "penthouse"-a roof top labora tory
where airborne electronic systems being built for
the N avy and Air Force will be evaluated.
Westinohouse also received an amended lease
from the "'Navy for the huge Naval Industrial Re-
serve Aircraft Plant in Kansas City ·which may lead
to an increased production volume for the com-
pany's local aviation gas turbine division.
Under the new lease terms, the aviation gas tur-
bine division will be permitted to do subcontract
work in all areas of the plant which are not re-
quired for engine and spare parts production for
the Bureau of Aeronautics .
A new plant to design and build electronic trans-
formers was put into operation in Los Angeles by
Westinghouse in the past year. vVith this special-
ized facility the company will be able to provide •
on-the-spot design and manufacturing service to
west coast aviation and electronic industries. The
new plant is completely equipped to manufacture
small quantiti es of sample and prototype trans-
formers.
In the field of aircraft metals, vVestinghouse sci-
entists developed a new high-strength, high-tem-
perature m e tal which is designed to help push back
the "heat barrier" encountered by jet engines in
new supersoni c aircraft.
 Tests showed vV545 to be an outstanding high- trical systems for the launching ol Polaris from
strength, high-temperature alloy. W'hen heated to submarines or surface ships.
a temperature of 1200 degrees Fahrenheit and sub- In other work associated with aviation, \Vesting-
jected to a stress of 75,000 pounds per square inch, house, under contract with the Navy, was design-
the vV545 test samples withstood these conditions ing a nuclear propulsion plant for an atomic-
for as much as 300 hours without breaking. Under powered submarine capable of carrying and firing
equiva1ent conditions, standard turbine disc ma- guided missiles.
terials would probably have a lifetime of less than For another Naval project, \Vestinghouse will
ten hours. manufacture the main steam propulsion machinery
Airborne computers were undergoing a weight for the nuclear powered aircraft carrier (CV AN).
and size reduction program at the company's air This will include turbines, gears, condensers and
arm division. associated machinery.
The vVestinghouse Electronic Tubeless Analog A radar track-while-scan system, which automati-
Computer (VVETAC) was a typical example. The cally tracks up to 72 targets in three dimensions,
weight of a major element of this computer, the was developed by the vVestinghouse electronic divi-
servo amplifier, was reduced from 33 to 4 ounces sion in Baltimore, Maryland. This is a hybird digi-
by a new all-transistorized amplifier that replaces tal-analog system in which error sensing is a com-
five molded units using vacuum tubes. The tran- pletely analog function accomplished under the
sistors are made of silicon to operate through a control of a digital computer which computes, con-
wider temperature range, and the amplifier also trols and displays information on all 72 tracks.
employs a feed-back loop to correct for any tem- The result is a reduction of equipment required
perature deviations in transistor characteristics. and an increase in accuracy of track over ranges
To study the effect of high temperatures on considerably in excess of other types of tracking
structural parts of aircraft and missiles, Westing- systems currently undergoing test.
house developed a complete elevated temperature The first 16-inch all-glass radar picture tu he for
test facility. The equipment consists of banks of military use was developed for production by \Vest-
tubular infrared lamps which serve as the heating inghouse. The new cathode-ray tube is intended
source, a three-channel ignitron controller, strip for new display equipment used with radar, mis-
chart temperature recorders, regular control (com- siles, and computers, or for replacement of 16-inch
puter ) cr"'nnels, master control desk, unit substa- metal cone tubes in existing military equipment.
tion and bus duct distribution. The new tube, with a 75 percent greater screen
A new device developed by VVestinghouse is a
dual-fuel manifold that eliminates vapor lock in
area than the previous 12-inch all-glass tube, en-
ables radar systems to discern faster flying objects
I
the ]46-'\VE-8 afterburner fuel system. The mani-
fold performs the usual function of spraying fuel
into the turbine exhaust gases. The fuel is then
at greater distances.
The electronic tube division was producing 3600
magnetron tubes that will generate the powerful
I
burned in the combustor portion of the after- radar pulses for airborne radar sets. The work t
burner, providing a large thrust increase for short was being done under a contract awarded to the
periods of operation. "\\Then installed, the dual- company by the Dayton Air Force Depot.
fuel manifold will help to raise the altitude ceiling Westinghouse also continued to manufacture
for planes using the ]46-WE-8. Aero 21-B tail turret bomber defense systems for
During the past year, Westinghouse received two the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics and advanced
multimillion dollar contract awards from Boeing air-search, ship-borne radar sets for the Bureau of
Airplane Company to manufacture the terminal Ships. The Aero 21-B defense system directs the
guidance systems for the Air Force IM-99 Bomarc unmanned tail turret by detecting enemy aircraft
guided missile. A number of the systems for the and automatically aiming and firing the tail guns
pilotless missiles will be manufactured at the air at enemy planes approaching from the rear. The
ann plant in what is believed to be a long term defense system will be produced for use aboard the
program. Navy's A3D, the carrier-based bomber. The new
Through another contract Westinghouse will de- advanced air-search equipment will succeed other
sign and manufacture experimental seagoing han- air search radar developed by the company's Balti-
dling and launching systems for the Navy-Lock- more operations.
heed Polaris ballistic missiles. This contract calls A new aircraft electrical system will be an inte-
for development of various mechanical and elec- gral part of America's first jet airliner when the

162
Boeing 707 goes into co mmercia l service earl y in terns.- Skin friction heat, a t supersonic speeds, pre-
1959. Four a ir-cooled brushless generators- the cludes use of conventional air cooling.
first of that type d evelo ped for the aircraft indus· v\Testinghouse was also working on generating
try-will suppl y power to operate pumps, blowers, and co~trol systems for the Fairchild F-27 turbo-
lights, air conditioning, food warmers, radar, radio prop transport. Two 15-k\•a a-c- generators, plus
a nd other equipment for the comfort and safety associated regulating and control equipment, ·will
of th e 707's passengers. \ 1\Tes tinghou se received a be used. Each generator weighs only 4 1 pounds-
the lightest known in the industry for that design
contract for the electrical S)Stem for a ll of the 141
and rating.
Boeing 707's that h ave been o rd ered to d a te.
A new and lighter molded aircraft current trans-
Generating and contr ol systems, built by \ t\Test- former was being made by \t\Testinghouse. For
inghou se, will be used in the Air Force bomber, metering and relaying on aircraft electrical systems,
the B-58 Hu stler. These a-c sys tems ar e cap able the nel\ unit has a 250 / 2-amp cunent ratio and
of operating a t extremely high aJtimde a nd a t operates on 115-volt, 3-phase, 4-wire, 400-cycle sys-
supersonic speeds. Cooling of the equipment, tems. The transformer is molded from a new
which includes tlu-ee completel y enclosed 40-kva lightweight high-temperature insulating resin, and
generators, is accomplished by circulating oil sys- has a smooth, metallic finish and rounded edges.

WYMAN-GORDON COMPANY

v\Ty m an-G ordon placed major emphasis on re- . prominent in forging operations. vVork in this
search a nd · development . activities in 1957, due to area covered all types of forgings weighing from
increasing changes in forging technology. Develop- a fev.r ounces to large aircraft and automotive forg·
ment work on steel, paTticularly high temperature ings weighing in the hundreds of pounds.
alloys, was intensified with the direction toward The company's North Grafton plant co.ntinued
closer tolerances, grea ter accuracy and less draft. operation of the largest single unit in the Air Force
The company was also exploring the possibilities heavy press program with a 35,000 ton and a 50,000
in non-metallics and o ther materials not previously ton closed die forging press.

FoTging st-ructuml aircraft components on the Wyman-Go1·don 35,000-ton pTess.

 *
*
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
*
The Defense year \\·as 111a1·ked by a ge nera l force
redu ction, g reat ly increased ac ti vity in the testing
a nd operat io n a l use of g uided mi siles b y all three *
ser vice , a nd a number of top echelon perso nnel
cha nges.
T h e year saw the first change in a Secretary of *
Defense sin ce the beg inning of the Eise nhowe r
adm inistration in J a nu a ry, 1953 . Charles E. \ t\ il-
son, w hose tenure of four em·s and eight months *
a lmost equaled th e total service of his four prede-
cessors in that office, resigned in O ctober and was
su cceeded b y Neil McElroy of Cincinnati, Ohio, *
"ho h ad been president of Procter and Gamble.
l\ eil H. McEhoy
Earlier in the yea r, in l'vl a , Donald A. Quarles,
who h ad been Secretary of the A ix Force, moved *
up to Deputy Secretaxy of Defense, succeeding
R e uben Robertson ;dw returned to civil life. Tak-
ing Quarles' place in the A ir Force post was J a mes
H. Dougl as, who h ad b een U nder Secretary. *
In the Navy, U nder Secretary Thomas S. Gates,
Jr., b ecame Secreta ry in April upon the resignation
of C harles S. Thornas.
I n A ug ust, General Na tha n F. Twining, former
*
C hief of Staff of the Air Force, was a ppointed
Cha irma n of the J oint Chiefs of Staff, succeeding *
Adm iral A rthur \1\T. RacUord, who r etired.
Gen e ra l Thomas D. \ 1\lbite succeeded Twining as
Air Force Chief and General Curti E. LeM ay, com-
mander of Strateg ic Air Command, became Vice
*
C hief.
In prolonged debate over fiscal year 1958 appro-
pria tion s, th e Congress provided new obligational
*
authority in the amount of $36.8-billion and au-
thorized expenditure of $3 8.4-billion, including
fu nd carried over from previous years.
In la te sun1Jner, Secretar y ' "' ilson ordered a 192,-
* Donald A . Qtw1·les

000 man personnel u t in the armed forces, to bring

] cones H. D ouglas
them to a total strength of 2,608,000 by June 30,
1958. A number of Ie ser mi litary and naval in-
*
stallatio ns were closed or eannarked for inactiva-
tion , as were several Navy hips, a n Army division
and several A ir Force wings. *
D espite these redu ction s, "'\!\Tilson reported at his
final news conference that th e combat capability of
the armed forces was higher th an it had ever been , *
becau se of increased mobility, fl exibility a nd fire-
power. M issiles became integral comb at weapons
in a ll serv ices, most o[ them possessing a nu clea r *
ca p ab ili ty.

*
 *
* shaped over the years since vVorld War II. I assure
you ... that for conditions existing today they are
both efficient and adequate. But if they are to
* remain so for the future, their design and power
must keep pace with the increasing capabilities
that science gives to both the aggressor and the
defender. They must continue to perform four
* main tasks:
"I. As a primary deterrent to ·w ar maintain a
strong nuclear retaliatory power. The Soviets must
* be convinced that any attack on us and our allies
would result, regardless of damage to us, in their
own national destruction.
* "2. In · cooperation with our .allies, provide a
force structure so flexible that it can cope quickly
Thomas Gates with any form of aggression against the free world.

* "3. Keep our home defenses in a high state of

efficiency.
"4·. Have the reserve strength to meet unfore-
seen emergency demands."
* An important event during the year was the
completion of a report by a committee on pay and
personnel policies created by the Secretary of De-
* fense. The committee was headed by Ralph Cordi-
ner, president of General Electric Company, and
its report was generally referred to as the "Cordi ner
* Report."
The committee, organized in 1956, made a thor-
ough study of the alarmingly high turnover rate

* among personnel of the Inilitary services, a turn-

over that had contributed to wasted manpower,
high operating costs and decreased efficiency. In
mid-year, the Cordiner group came up with some
* proposed solutions.
Essence of the Cordiner proposals was that skill,
talent and responsibility should be recognized with
General Nathan F. Twining * adequate pay, prestige and authority and that per-
formance and contribution, rather than longevity,
would determine rewards.
By year-end, l 8 missiles had attained operational Included in the committee's recommendations
r
status. They included: were proficiency pay increases for airmen with criti-
AR1\1Y: Nike-Ajax and Hawk, surface-to-air; cal skills, retention pay for active duty reserve
Corporal, Redstone, Lacrosse, Little John and officers, and two new pay levels for enlisted men.
Honest John, surface-to-surface. The report was expected to result in an appeal for
NAVY: Sidewinder and Sparrow I, air-to-air; new personnel legislation.
Petrel; air-tu-surface; Regulus, surface-to-surface; At year-end, the Army had 17 divisions, of which
Terrier and Talos, surface-to-air. 14 had been converted to the ne\v "Pentamic" or-
AIR FORCE : Matador, surface-to-surface, and ganizations, nine regimental' ~orpbat teafns, 122
Snark, intercontinental surface-to-surface; Rascal, anti-aircraft battalions and t':\'O · atomic support
a ir-to-surface; Falcon and Genie, air-to-air. commands. The Navy had 1.7 carrier groups, 10
In an address to the nation in November, Presi- anti-submarine squadrons and 49 other combat air
dent Eisenhower laid clown the four current and squadrons. The Air Force had 128 combat wings
f uture goals of the Department of Defense: including missile units and a total of about 25,000
"Our milita ry defen ses have been largely re- a ircraft, roughly half of them jets.

166
 AIR FORCE

. . J 957 h a d special meaning. pleted tl'\e specatcular flight in slightl y more than
For the \.Ir Force, . . £ the acti-
d 1 50th a noi ·er at o 45 hours.
A ugust 1 marke t l e . . the Signal Corps,
f. r'ation ection Jll • In May, a Boeing B-47 demonstrated for the
vation o . a.n a\ I . Ch ·le- De Forrest
a three-Inan unit· · uncler C '-Lptain ai ~ .
valved Into first time tl1.e ability of a multi-engine jet bomber
'Chand ler whtch. · 11a If a. centur e
111. to deliver nuclear weapons by means of the Lo,.
\.ltitucle Bombing System.
wday's 128-wing force. I AimiversaTy and to
To commem01· a te its Cole en . · e its founc-1 • In the same month, as pan of the Air Force
s adueved s1nc participation in the 350th Anniversary Celebration
demonstrate the pro. gres < - I seTies of specia l
. g the Air Force nm a )'e·u-' onrr"' ere the fol- at Jamestown, Virginia, six North \merican F-lOOC
In , the e events ,.,
even ts · Nota ble among jet fighters of Tactical Air Command flew non-stop .
from England to James town. Three of the plan
lowing: . I " in which three Boe-
"OIJeration Powerfltg 1.t, aro und the continued tl1eir flight to Los Angeles for the Ionge::
• fl non-stop ' non-stop single-engine flight on record.
J.tl.g· B-52 jet bombers ew . fl. ·l t they com-
. January. R e I ue le d Jn JO"' 1 I
1,.\IOTlcl Ill. • Also in May, Charles A. Lindbergh's f
amed

Boewg
. B-J_?- S twtofo rt·resses move into Strategic Ai·r Command.
solo flight from New York to Paris was duplicated Tactical Air Command's supersonic reconnaissance
by iVIa jar Robinson Risner in a North American capability, McDonnell F-101 Voodoos flew from
F-lOOF. Risner made the trip in six and one-half Los Angeles to New York, two of them returning
hours, compared with the "Lone Eagle's" 33 and non-stop. Best west-east transcontinental time was
one-half hours. three hours five minutes; best round-trip time was
• In October, the USAF participated in "Avia- six hours 42 minutes.
tion Week" at Buenos Aires, Argentina. Highlight • In "Operation Mobile Zebra," T AC demon-
of the participation was a non-stop "\1Vashington- strated its flexibility by flying Douglas B-66, .Mc-
Buenos Aires flight (and a non-stop return) by Donnell F-101 and North American F-100 aircraft
General Curtis E. LeMay in a Boeing KC-135 jet non-stop from George Air Force Base, California,
tanker. Durirg the week, President Pedro E. to the Philippines.
Aramburo became the first head of state to fly faster • In the final event of the year, the USAF brought
than sound. He joined the "Mach Busters" with a the world's speed record back to the United States
supersonic flight in a USAF North American with a 1207 mile-an-hour officially"timed flight in
F-lOOF. Later in the week, Doctor .Juscelino Kubit- a McDonnell F-101.
schek, President of Brazil, duplicated the Jeat ill
In the ·operational field, Strategic Air Command
the same plane.
continued to m a intain its 24-hour alert system. As
• "Operation Sun R -un," in November, set new
part of a regular training program, SAC units were
transcontinental records. In a demonstration of
constantly rotated around the world-from Cali-
fornia to Okinawa, Texas to England, Africa to
General Thomas S. Pow er climbs out of Convair B-58
Greenland.
supenonic bombeT afleT test flight.
The never-ending SAC re-equipment program
was continued. Convair B-36's were gradually be-
ing phased out of service during the year as Boeing
B-52's rolled off the line to replace them at a 15-
per-month rate. A missile training wing was cre-
ated and guided weapons joined the SAC inventory
for the first tirne when the Bell Rasca l air-to-surface
missile a nd the Northrop Snark surface-to-surface
pilotless bomber were given operational status. In
another major move, the Air Force assigned SAC
responsibility for the intermediate range and inter-
continental ballistic missiles.
Air Force officials, however, stressed the fact that
increasing emphasis on missile weaponry does not
indicate a planned phasing-out of piloted aircraft.
Missiles, they said, would join the inventory as
supplements to, rather than replacements for
manned bombers and fighters.
Tactical Air Command was concentrating a good
deal of its training effort on perfecting the mobiler
striking force concept, in which TAC units are
maintained on a readiness status to fly to any part
of the world to bolster defenses or to support allied
ground forces. World-wide maneuvers, simulating
combat emergencies, demonstrated the ability of
the "composite strike force" to cover great distances
in short order and to continue sustained operations
for extended periods.
Creation of new bases permitted T AC to spread
its strength over a more widely dispersed area. The
command also devoted considerable effort during
the year to a study of the problems connected with
support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
or other allied forces. A major addition to TAC's
future combat strength was provided by an order
for production of the Republic F-105 supersonic
fighter-bomber. TAC relinquished some of its
short-range tactical assignments to the Army, which
will handle these duties with missile units.
Air Defense Command devoted a major portion
of its training effort to check ing out radar opera-
tors, pilots and control center technicians in the
u se of new airplanes and electronic devices. The
radar networks across the northern air frontiers of
the North American continent were expanded and
their operations improved, while a joint U.S.-
Canada unit for northern de£en e wa organized.
M ajor plane types in service included the Boeing
B-<17 and B-52, and the Convair B-36; the North
American F-86 and F-100, Northrop F-89, Lockheed
F-9<1, McDo nnell F-101 and Convair F-102; the
Douglas C-12<1 and C-133, and the Lockheed C-130.
Newer planes scheduled for early service included
the Convair B-58 and F-106, the Lockheed F-104
and Republic F-105. In-service missiles, besides
Rascal and Snark, included the :Martin Matador,
Hughes Falcon and Douglas Gertie. Slated for serv-
ice in 1958 were the Redstone-Chrysler Jupiter and
the Douglas Thor.
Personnel-wise, the rnajor problem continued to
be the turnover of trained personnel. A concerted
campaign to persuade airmen ·with critically needed
skills to re-enlist was initi a ted, while at the same
time standards for re-enlistment ' ·ere tightened in
a move to boost the level of ability. A number of Captain ] ack. Bryant leads London -Los Angeles fiight
measures ·were taken to raise the prestige of the of three North At11.e1·ican F-JOOC's.
non-commissioned officer and n ew Congressional
legislation designed to make ervice careers more Changing missions and new combat techniques
attractive was enacted. resulted in a number of reorgani_zations and ad just-
Top command concern with the rel a tionship be- ments in major commands. Notable alnong these
tween length of service and operational proficiency changes was the inactivation of the Far East Air
was reflected by a new directive requiring aircrew Force.
trainees to ...agree to serve for five instead of three The appointments of Generals Thomas D. "\t\Thite
years. There was a lso a continuing trend to replace and Cux:tis E. LeMay as Chief of St~ ff and Vice
military with civilia n perso nnel wherever poss ible. Chief, respecti,·ely, brought about other top level
N ationai budgetary problems forced two man- personnel changes in the USAF. General Thomas
power cuts during the year. The USAF's assigned S. Power took over Strategic Air C omrnand while
personn el goal for the end of th e fiscal year 1958 General Frank Everest assumed command of Air
was 875,000 : Force units in Europe. General Laurence S. Kuter,
The reserve forces were a l o affected b y red uc- former FEAF commander, went to Pacific Air ·
tions. Ten A ir Force Reserve a nd three Air Na- Force, while General Leon Johnson joined the
tional Guard squadrons wete eliminated. Due to NATO staff under General Lam·is Norstad. Gen-
the development of more advanced radar and com- eral 0. P. Weyland continued to head Tactica l A ir
munications networks, reducing the need for visual Command, General Edwin Ravvlings rema ined a t
observation, the Ground Observer Corps -vvas placed Air Materiel Command and General E a d e Part-
on a stand-by status. Strong support continued, ridge remained in charge of Co ntinental A ir Com-
however, for the Civi l Air P a trol. mand.

169
 ARMY

The Army's year was characterized by a reOl·gan- weapon. Protluction is being handled 'by Chrysler
ization of the divisional structure, introduction of Corpora tion in conjunction with North American
new missiles in both the air defense and ground Aviation's Rocketdyne Division.
support fields and considerable progress in mod- Another wea pon a dded to the Pentamic division
ernizing integral aviation units. arsenal was Little .John, a hea vy artillery rocke t
The major move during the year was the con- which ca n be transported by helicopter. Little
ver sion to th e new "Pentamic" division, d esigned .John is a 12-foot solid propellant rocket w ith a
to "provide flexibility, mobility and control to 12 and a h a l£ inch di ameter.
facilitate command a nd insure effective execution Also introduced to service was Lacrosse, a field
of the wide-ranging, dispersed opera tions required artillery missile designed for tac tical support of
on the modern battlefield." troops in forward combat areas. Lacrosse, produced
T he word "Pentamic" comes from "penta" (five) by The iVIartin Compa ny, u ses a solid propella nt
plus "atomic" and refers to the fac t tha t the ne·w rocket a nd is fired [rom a laun cher on a standard
division h as five m a jor subordin a te forces instead t ru ck.
of the former three, and it also has atomic weapon Placed in production during 1957 was the Dart,
ca p ability. It features increased front-line strength, a sm a ll low-level anti-tank missile.
improved convention a l weapons a nd maximum a ir- The Army Air Defen se Comma nd (ARADCOM)
tra n sportability. The airborne divi sion is com- a lso strengthened its capability. At year-end,
pletely air tra n sportable, the infa ntry division has ARADCOM had Nike battalions protecting 19
a high degree of air transportability. major target complexes in the United Sta tes. Nike
At year-end, the Army had converted 14 of its 17 b a ttalions increased by 25 percent during the year,
divisions to the n ew Pentamic structure. to a strength of L12,000 officers and men.
Firepower for th e n ew divisions was grea tl y in- Pla ns were completed for the early introdu ction
creased by the addition of new mi ssile weaponry. of a new and important air defense weapon, the
During the year , th e first o perationa l R ed stone Nike-Hercules. Hercules h as roughly three times
heavy missile unit was formed . Redstone is a _the range of the earlier Nike-Ajax and in addition
medium r a nge surface-to-surface missile with a tomi c has a tomic capability. It will be operated from the
capab ility. The 69-foo t missi le, d eve lo ped by Arm y same stations now h a ndling Nike-Ajax. Western
Ordnance and R eds tone Arsen a l, is a 200-mile Electric Company a nd Douglas Aircraft Company

T he Cessna L-19, A'1'111 )' Obse rvation jJlane .

 7

B ell' · H-l , H i 1-l rmy 's slnnt!nrcl rcco nn ai.l>nn(t: r ln.» hl'!i(OjJ iL'r:

are the m ajor contractors in volved in Hercules' addition of t\·\ o large m a intenance hangars a nd
production. 256,000 square yard of taxiways, landing p ads a nd
For defense against e nem y bombers at tacking parking a prons. Fiscal year 1958 funds ($7,549,000)
a t lo"' a ltitud e, the Ha'~ k (Homing \.11 th e \ •Vay " ·ere to go principa ll y for en listed b arrack s and
Killer) was ad d ed to the defense s •stem. T h e 17- administra tion buildings.
[oo t, air transportable H a wk employ a radar hom- A m a jor expan sion pro.gran1 was a lso under way
ing sys tem. R ayth eon :M anufacturing Company is at D aviso n \.rm y A ir Field, Fort Belvoir, V irginia .
prime contrac tor for produ tion ' it h Northrop Co n stru ction con sisted of a heliport, complete w ith
\.ircraft, Inc., as major subcontractor. parking aprons, runways, a n opera tions bui lding,
ARADCO M was also conducting te ts of the supply building a nd crash and rescue station. A lso
Ta.vy-developed Talos for po sible future in tradu c-
b eing added were a n ew control tower and a field:
tion to the defe nse system. n1aintenance hangar. The new facility was ex-
L ate in the year A R ADCOM was f urth er pected to b e completed by yea r-end ..
strengthened by the assignment of the .lV Iartin Mis-
In addition, the A rmy was authorized .$20.6-mil-
sile Master to the vVash ington-Baltirnme targe t
lion for improvem ent of aviation facilities a t 18
complex. ·M issile Master is an el ectronic control and
other installations.
coordina tion sys tem designed for op.eration with
air defense missile batteri es. \1\There former ly bat- Aircraft in service included the Cessna L-19 Bird-
teries were controlled and coordina ted by voice Dog, for observation work; the D eH avilland
control fro m a central post, 1I issile 1\!Iaster 1·eceives, (Canada) L-20 Beaver utility plane; the Beech L-23
correl a tes and transmits all information rel a tive to Seminole command aircraft; the DeHavilla nd
an attacking force a nd pre ents it on a TV-like (Canada) UI-A Otter cargo plane ; the Bell H-1 3
picture in simplified ·form . .l\ll issile lVfaster also R a nger observation helicopter; the Sikorsky H-19
assig n s pre-selected targets to each battery so that Chickasaw utility h elicopter; the Verto1 H-21 Shaw-
there w ill be no dupli ca tion of firepower, and each nee transport helicopter; the Hiller H-23 R aven
b attery com~ander h as access to all information observation helicop ter; a nd the Sikorsky H-34 C h oc-
taw light transpot t helicopter. Coming into service
in the sys tem.
T h e Army also continued to increase its a ircraft was the Sikorsk y H -37 :M ojave medium tran sport
support to A R A DCOM a nd at year-end h ad about helicopter.
50 li g ht planes as con trol, courier a nd supply At year-end, the Army had more tha n 5000 av i-
planes for the widely-scattered defense system. a tors on active duty fly ing sta tu s. 0£ the officers,
W ork continued on the programmed expansion more than 50 p ercent were h elicopter qualified and
of the Army Aviation Center a t Fort Rucker, Ala- 30 p ercent h ad instrument ratings . I.n add itio n , the
b ama. O zark Army Air Field was exp anded b y the National Guard h a d 101 5 aviators on flying statu .

171
 No1·th lhne1·ican's F] -'IB Teach ed fl ee t units in ]un e.

NAVY

For the aviation arm of the Navy, 1957 ·was a rna jor ~ac_tors respons_ible for changes in aircraft
year of considerably increased activity both at and m1ss ~l~ pr?ductwn announced in August.
home and abroad. The Suez crisis and other in - These r evtstons mvolved cancellation of a few con-
ternational developments underscored the impo r- tracts and slowdown of delivery schedules in oth ers.
tance of sea-going air power as a m ajor element Keynote of the reductions was the goal of "doing
of the nation's striking power. . l 1ess. " N ew emphasis was therefore given
more ~Vlt_1
P articipation in world events by the Sixth Fleet to buddmg greater force effectiveness and versa-
in the Mediterranean and continued operations ol tility_ through bette~ and more powerful weapons
the Seventh Fleet in the uneasy waters of the west- and Improved te~h-mques for their employment.
ern Pacific raised the tempo of flight activity and In terms of stnkmg power, noticeable gains were
stepped up the r a te of overseas deployment of air realized. Aircraft carrier strength was increased
units well above norma l operating schedules. ,.vhen ~he Sarat_oga joined the Forrestal as a fully
D espi te these increases in activity, naval a ir operatwnal unit of the Atla n tic Fleet. The USS
strength remain ed at a level roughly equivalent Ranger, third ship of the same class, was commis-
to that of the preceding yea r. The operating air- sioned August 10 a nd began operating aircraft in
craft inventory to taled 9600 planes and Navy a nd October. Keel of the USS Constellation was laid
Marine Corps aviation manpower stood at 30,000 in September.
officers and 177,000 enlisted men. Four attack carriers, Kearsarge, Ticonderoga, In-
A t mid-year, a r ealignment of forces was begun, trepid, and Midway, completed angled deck con-
operating schedules were adjusted and procure- version and rejoined the fleet. The seaplane tender
ment programs were revised. In July, the Secre- Albemarle, converted to support the operations of
tary of the Navy disclosed plans to close or reduce large jet seaplanes, was recommissioned in October.
60 naval ac tiviti es w ithin six months, including The Orisk any and Coral Sea went into the yard
eight supporting n aval a ir operation s. Earlier, in in February and April as the last of the World War
June, two a irship patrol squ adron s h ad been d e- II carrier types scheduled for major conversion.
commissioned. In September, the first Barrier P a- And in August, a contract was awarded to the New-
trol Squadron was decommissioned and in the fol- port News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company to
lowing month two air facilities were closed. build an 85,000 ton nuclear powered carrier, her-
Technologi cal adva n ce and in creasin g costs were alding a new era for n ava l aviation.

172
 Capab ility (or attac k a nd defense was a lso in- The No rth \merican FJ-4B, a Fury modified to
creased b) new aircraft ass igned to the operating carry an assortment of bombs externall y, added
force _ Both the Vought FS Crusader and the further punch when it reached fleet units in June.
Grumm a n Fl 1F Tiger completed the Fleet Intro- In February the Grumman TF-lQ, equipped
du ctio n Program in ![arch and were delivered to with the latest electronic countermeasures gear in-
squadro n s. No table was the ass ignment of the FSU cluding jammers, added yet another facet to car-
n o years to the d ay after the fint flight of the ex- rier force versatility. A modification of the cargo-
perimental modeL These supersonic ficrhters mount transport TF-1 to the early warning vVF-2 success-
h eav firepower including 20mm Q"Un , the air-to - full y completed preliminary evaluation in May.
air rni il e Sidew inder, and 2.75 ro ~ k e _ The HR2S-I Sikorsk) assault helicopter, ,., hich

Navy's Chance Vought R egulus II missile .

 earlier had demonstrated its high performance with
new world records in speed and weight lifting, was
assigned to l\!Iarine Corps units in March. An early
warning version of this helicopter, delivered in
May, was placed under test to determine its adapt-
ability to the warning phase of fleet air defense.
Two new utility helicopters, the Bell HUL and
HUS Sikorsky, became operational.
Progress in guided missiles ·w as marked by their
assignment to more ships and squadrons and an
acceleration in their everyday use. By the begin-
ning of the year a full missile arsenal was available
to fleet commanders including Sparrow I, Side-
winder, Terrier, Regulus I, and Petrel. A mile-
stone of missile progress was passed in April when Turkey. And Strike back employed large NATO
the Sperry Farragut Company delivered the last naval and naval air forces for extended operations
Sparrow I on order. Facilities used for its manu- in the Iceland-Norwegian Sea area of the North
facture were immediately turned over for conver- Atlantic. These, and others of similar nature, were
sion to Sparrow III production. practical tests in which the workability of com-
Missiles in the last stages of development such bined plans, doctrine and tactics were explored.
as the surface-to-air Talos and air-to-air Sparrow Through them allied naval forces were ·brought
III, achieved significant objectives in test firings. into closer working relationships and valuable ex-
In the air-to-surface category, Bullpup, a small mis- perience in combined operations was gained.
sile designed for use by carrier and shore based tac- Navy responsibility for a share of continental air
tical support aircraft against such targets as pill- defense was reflected in continued emphasis on
boxes and tanks, showed particular promise. Regu- early warning operations to protect the country
lus II, a supersonic bombardment missile with against attack from the air and from under the
longer range than the presently operational Regu- sea. The Distant Early Warning Line that guards
lus I, set new records in reliability and performance the country against air attack from the north was
as it neared the operational stage ahead of its extended eastward over the Atlantic and westward
scheduled date. over the Pacific by station ships and by long range
The Fleet Ballistic Missile Program was given air patrol flown by Airborne Early Warning Squad-
added impetus in October with award of a new rons: Exercises to test the entire defense system
contract insuring continued development of the and the command relationships it involves were
solid propellant Polaris through fiscal year 1958. conducted in both oceans. Antisubmarine groups
The USS Compass Island, commissioned ·last .De- made up of air, surface, and sub-surface units, also
cember and first ship converted to support the f-leet patrolled the approaches to the coast.
ballistic missile program, operated at sea evaluating Naval air units continued their support of
the precise navigation equipment required for the United States participation in the International
operational employment of Polaris, a 1500-mile Geophysical Year. In the period from July through
range ship-or sub-launched weapon. September, a detachment of Heavy Photographic
On the operating front, naval air elements par- Squadron Sixty-One completed a glaciological sur-
ticipated in fleet exercises in both oceans. In ad- vey in Alaska. In Manitoba, Canada, on the
dition to national exercises, there were several with shores of Hudson Bay, Navy scientists launched a
fleets of the various NATO and SEA TO nations. series of Aerobee-Hi rockets to gather data from
Dawn Breeze II in the Atlantic tested the ability the ionosphere. The first, launche"d in .July, reached
of forces from five nations to protect merchant con- an altitude of 160 miles. In February, at.. the other
voys on the open sea under conditions of atomic end of the earth, VX-6 completed_ its second tour
war. Beacon Hill in the Philippines area, involv- in support of Deepfreeze operations which included
ing the landing of Marines on Luzon, was the larg- a historic landing at the South Pole. In October,
est land-sea-air exercise held in the Far East since the same squadron returned for its third tour in
World War II. Deepwater in the Mediterranean Antarctica with a Skymaster flight · from Christ-
brought together forces from five nations in com- church, New Zealand, delivering Rear Admiral G .
bined assault exercises in the Sara Bay area of J. Dufek, CTF 43, to McMurdo Sound.
174
 Lives and money were saved through significant erate in all weather, ZPG's operating in relays from
progress in aviation safety. An intensive campaign South vVeymouth, :Massachusetts, maintained a con-
launched in 1951 had shown· successive improve· tinuous airborne radar patrol from January 15 to
ments whid1 halved the accident rate in six years. .25 over the North Atlantic in some of the worst
A rate of 3.06 major accidents per 10,000 flight storms experienced in the area in years. In :M arch,
hours achieved in the year ending June 30 was a one of these airships under command of Com-
new all-time lm' for naval aviation. l\tluch of the mander J. R. Hunt, set new world records for dis-
credit for recent gains was attributed to the angled tance and endurance. On a flight from South \.Yey-
carrier deck and wide use of mirror landing sys- mouth "\vhid1 circled the Atlantic Ocean toward
tems for carrier air operations. Portugal, the African Coast and returned to Key
Greater future gains ''ere promised in tests of vVest, Florida, this airship covered 9448 statute
the Automatic Carrier Landing S) stem. Developed miles and remained airborne for 264 hours and
b Bell A ircraft under direction of the Bureau of 12 minutes without refueling.
S~i s and thoroughly tested ashore, this equipment
Heavier-than-air a-aft performed at equally high
wasp ta keJl aboard the Antietam for trials at sea. levels. In March a Douglas A3D Skywarrior bet-
Tl 5 s tem, which works electronically, takes over
le y -ois of t11e p 1ane as It · IS
· b roug h t mto
· tered t"\·\ o transcontinental speed records with
range
t l1.e con tr . . marks of nine hours 32 minutes 59.7 seconds for
a n d b 1111 _. gs it aboard without help from the pilot.
the round trip bet·ween Los Angeles and New
·ght clay period during August, over 50 fully
I n~V. · York, and five hours 13 minutes 49 seconds for the
. c landings were com pletecl aboard the
automa tl . westward leg.
. aDJ. by a specially configured Douglas Sky-
\ nuet h . . T,., 0 of the same carrier attack planes streaked
. Al thoug st1 11 m the development stage,
nwht. 0
·n the mitra tests suggested possi·b·l·
. . . 1 . not
r rues across the Pacific in July in a ne•v mainland-to-
success I
. greater safe ty but also for true all-weather Hawaii time by flying from Moffett Field to Hono-
only f or . capa b"l"I Ity. lulu in <1 hours 45 minutes and in October another
opet:aung . £ .
e r ruargms o · safe ty were also promised by Skywarrior lm' ered the time another 15 ~nutes.
Great . .
a ltitude eJectiOn seat developed by the In June, two FSU Crusaders and two ~-?D Sky-
the lo"v bl" warriors completed an ocean to ocean flrght ~rom
. . In a pu Ic demonstration at Naval Air
Bnush- Ri .
. patuxent ver m August, a live ejection the carrier Bon Homme Richard off San Diego,
Stauon de {rom an F9F-8T flying a t 120 miles per California, to the Saratoga off Jacksonville, Florida,
Was m a d level · It s poss1·b·l· · f · · under four hours e 1apse d time · A transconti-
hour a t g roun f l ·
1. Hres · or savrng rn
. . j}ots ·orcec to JUmp a t low, and usually nental- record 1n· t 11e supersor1 ic rana-e
b
was set in
1.tves ofl ~tudes mak e it . a mos t sio-nificant develorJ- July when an FSU-IP piloted by Major ]. H.
f a ta I , a tl {et"' a nd survtvaJ o-ea r.
o
Glenn USMC crossed the continent from Los Ala-
·n sa ' t>
Inent 1 ircraft of several types again demon- .
mrtos ' '
to New York · 1
1n t ll"ee 11 ours -92 minutes 50.05
.
val a · · "
lN a heir abrhty to perform ·with the world's secon d s, averagrng 79--?- Sl7 miles per hour. MaJor
.
strated r_ }J.ips began the year with impressive Gl enn ,s recorc1 was b 1-oken later in the year, as was
b j\.lfS .
est. In a practrcaJ test of their ability to op- the A3D round-trip mission.
record5·
Th e Samtoga became a fully opemtional unit of A tlantic fleet.
ANI:l
'DEVELOPMENT

NOTE: Space limitations permit touching only the highlights of the great amount of
activity in the area of military research and development. Accounts of other research
projects are included in the individual company sections of the Industry chapter and
in the Aviation Events chapter.

MILITARY
Com.man.de r jack \II o·n-issey, US r,
w ears new Goodrich flight suit .
The dawn of the space age, the maturing of a
number of new missile projects and continuing
requirements for higher performance in manned
aircraft combined to make 1957 a year of bustling
activity in the research and development field.
A barrage of information about Soviet develop-
ments in the area of guided weaponry focused
a ttention upon the United States' most spectacular
answers to the Russian threat-the intermediate
and intercontinental ballistic missiles wh ich reached
firing stage during the year and achieved a con-
siderable degree of success after the early growing
pains.
Two IRB lVI's, the Air Force's Douglas Thor and
the Army's Redstone-Chrysler Jupiter, reached fir-
ing stage by mid-year and after a few initial aborts
reached high degrees of r ange and accuracy capa-
bilities. Late in the year, a Department of Defense
decision was made to place both missiles in produc-
tion for use by the Air Force.
Two early a ttempts to launch the intercontinental
USAF-Convair Atlas also failed, but in December
a short-range "shoot" at the Air Force Missile Test
Center in FloTida was pronounced successful.
' 'Vork progressed on two other important . bal-
listic-type missiles in earlier stages of readiness.
Aerojet-General delivered the first production-type
rocket power plants for the USAF-Martin Titan,
second of the nation's ICBM's, expected to reach
firing status during 1958.
Aerojet-General also conducted a successful test
firing of the largest solid propella nt rocket engine
ever built, the power plant for the Navy's Lock-
heed Polaris FBM (Fleet Ballistic Missile), a weapon
designed for launching from surface vessels or sub-
marines.
In another area of missile research, the Anny

177
 and the Air Force were working on parallel ap- At year-end the test pad had been repa ired and
proaches to the highly important anti-missile mis- another launcher was being readied for a second
sile systems (AMM), designed to detect, monitor try with the small ball. The initial failure had no
and destroy enemy ballistic weapons. The Army effect on the Navy's plans to launch the full-size
project was named Nike-Zeus; the Air Force gave satellite in March.
the code name Wizard to its system. Each project Another space program which enjoyed a greater
involved several companies. degree of success in 1957 was Project Farside, spon-
Among the new missiles which made their debuts sored by the Air Force's Office of Scientific Re-
during the year were the Navy-Chance Vought search. Farside consisted of a four-stage launcher,
Regulus II, an advanced supersonic version of the fired from a balloon, designed to push a I 0-pound
Regulus I already in Navy service; the 16-foot instrumental payload 4000 miles out into space.
Army-Raytheon Hawk, an air defense missile with A series of six Farside vehicles was fired during
nuclear capability designed for use against low September and October at Eniwetok Atoll in the
flying attackers; the Navy-Martin Bullpup, a radar- Pacific. Two of the shots were failures, two more
homing air-to-surface missile; and the Air Force- were partially success ful. The final two launches
Douglas Genie, an air-to-air missile capable of were believed to have at least achieved an approxi-
carrying an atomic warhead. mation of the design altitude, but failure of the
A number of missiles graduated from develop- telemetry transmitters in both cases caused con-
ment to operational status, among them the Army- fusion as to the exact altitude attained. From data
Chrysler Redstone, short-to-medium range surface- available, OSR scientists concluded that the sixth
to-surface missile; the Navy-Bendix Talos, a beam and best "shoot" went at least 2000 miles and prob-
riding air defense missile; and the Air Force's ably the full 4000.
Northrop Snark and Bell Rascal, the former a long Prime contractor for Farside was Aeronutronic
range surface-to-surface weapon, the latter a short
range air-to-surface missile.
One major missile project, the North American Vanguanl, satellite · laun ching TOcket,
d esigned and built by 1VIa1·tin ComjJany.
Navaho long range pilotless bomber, was canceled
in a mid-year economy drive.
There was considerable public interest in a num-
ber of space projects. The clamor following the
successful launchings of two Russian Sputnihi re-
sulted in a Department of Defense decision to per-
mit the Army to go ahead on a separate and paral-
lel project to the Navy-Martin Project Vanguard.
The Army was to use a modified Jupiter C test
missile as its launcher and, instead of Vanguard's
"basketball" type satellite, planned to fire a bullet-
shaped, 30-inch payload weighing about the same
as Vanguard's ball. At year-end, the Army was
modifying the launcher components and preparing
for assembly, with first launching tentatively sched-
uled for MarciL
Meanwhile, work was progressing on Project
Vanguard. After considerable test work on individ-
ual components throughout the year, a "shoot" of
the complete launcher was scheduled for December.
It was not to carry the complete 22-pound instru-
mented satellite, but instead a small six and one-
half inch transmitting balL
The first try to launch this test vehicle ended in
fai lure due to malfunction of an unidentified com-
po.nent of the vehicle's first stage system. It ex-
ploded . and burned on the launching pad at the
Ca pe Canaveral test center.

178
Sys te m s, In c., a subsidia r y of Ford i\lotor Compan . This was the system given the code designation
G en e ra l M ills Co mpa n y was ba lloon contractor v\ S-1 I 7, ,., hich calls for a. reconnaissance satellite.
a nd power was provided b G r a nd Central and \t yea r-end, the Air Force was preparing to let a
T hioko l. contract for at leas t one such system.
La te in th e year, the \ir For ce's Cambridge In the area of m anned exploration of space, ·there
R e ea rch Ce nter r e\ ealed th a t it h ad succe sfully was one project under way during the year-the
fir ed a rtifi cia l m e teorite into p ace. The m eteor- Air Force-North American-N ACA X-1 5 special re-
ites, sm a ll aluminum pell e ts en cased i n a container, sear ch plane, designed to investigate an area from
we r e hurl ed to a n a ltitude of 54 mil e" b an A ero- 40 to I 00 miles above the surface of the Eanh. The
bee rocke t, where th e conta iner was deton a ted and rocket-powered plane ·was under cons truction in
th e accel er a ting pell e ts spra ·eel into pace. Cam· 1957, but few details were released.
bridge scie ntists believed th a t ome o f the p elle ts A number of studies in the aeromedical field
achieved velocities sufficient to escap e from Earth's were under ,., ay. One of the most dra matic vvas a
gr avita tion al pull-a b out 25,000 miles p er hour. hi gh altitude research progra m conducted b y the
The proj ect was unde rtaken as a test of extra- \ir Force's Aero M edical Field L a bora tory a t Hol-
atmospheric density a nd temp er ature. loman A ir Development Center, e,., M exico.
T hrou ghout the yea r, a gr eat m an y orrraniza- To study the physiologica l effects of prolonged
tions we re conductin g studi es on va riou asp ects of high altitude operation and to gain other d a ta, such
space resea r ch , including m oo n r o ke ts, mann ed as cosmic ray effect, the Laboratory's ·Major D a vid
orbital vehicl es, sp ace pl a tforms a nd, in the fi eld Simons ascended to 102,000 feet over M innesota
of p ropulsion, ionic power ( ee N '\ CA) . One su ch (the area in the U. S. where the grea test cosmic
study, more ad va n ced tha n mos t, eemed likel to r adiation is found) , setting a new altitude record
reach h a rdwar e stage in th e no t too d ista n t f uture. for b alloons in the process . Simons stayed aloft for
32 hours.
In a nother t) pe of research, Litton Industries,
Inc., working under Air Force contrac t, built a
vacuum ch amber a nd placed a m an in it a t a simu-
la ted altitude o f 95 mil es. For survival under su ch
n ear-vacuum conditions, Litton also designed and
built a new space suit with a two-way sys tem which
feed s in brea thing oxygen a nd pressuriza tion and
draws out moisture and carbon dioxide. The suit,
m ade of aluminum and rubber, is not co nsidered
flight gear, but it is a forerunner of extra-a tmos-
pheric equipment which will be used in sp ace
explora tion. In addition to aeromedica l research ,
the Litton chamber was also being u sed for testing
missile components under near-vacuum conditions.
Navy personal equipment resear chers designed
a new full pressure high altitude suit for use in
new high performance a ircraft. The suit, built by
B. F. Goodrich Compa ny, protects against loss of
cabin pressure in the stratosphere a nd retains pres-
sure during a bailout. It is also a flo ta tion and
a nti-exposure suit in case of bailout or ditching in
cold "' ater. A similar suit was devised b y the Air
Force.
A t Wright A ir Development Center a nd at Lock -
heed Aircr aft Corpora tion 's Georgi a Division, a n-
other type of aeromedical research was in progress.
This consisted of placing air crew members in a
confined chamber, simula ting a long range aircraft
or space ship cabin, for periods of as long as five
days. Subjects ·w ere studied b y camer a and wired

179
for physiological responses. Goal of these tests was Budget economies caused cancellations of two
to determine the effects of prolonged isolation on major airframe projects, the Republic XF-103 high
crew members and to find out what type of person performance fighter and the Douglas XC-132 super-
was best suited for operations involving such con- size transport.
ditions. \ 'Vork continued toward development of a nu-
Also in progress during the year was research on clear propulsion system for aircraft, but no progress
weightlessness, a phenomenon of space flight, and details were disclosed.
work on sealed environmental space cabins. Both The year savv considerable activity in the field
projects were being conducted by the Air Force's of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. Vertol was
School of Aviation Medicine. Both the Air Force working on a tilt-wing design which started tl·ansi-
and Navy were running centrifuge tests to deter- tion flights late in the year. Hiller completed free
mine man's tolerance and ability to perform under flight wind tunnel tests and neared completion of
conditions of high acceleration and deceleration the prototype model of its X-18 large transport
which will also be encountered in extraterrestrial VTOL, also a tilt-wing design, powered· by two
flight. 4850 horsepower Allison turboprop engines.
In the field of atmospheric aircraft, development Ryan Aeronautical made the first public demon-
work progressed on higher performance modifica- strations of its tail-sitting Vertijet and also rolled
tions of existing operational plane types. New out the Army Vertiplane. The latter, powered by
planes which made their formal debuts during the the Lycoming T53 turboprop engine, features huge
year included the Republic F-105 supersonic fighter wing flaps which deflect propeller slipstream and
bomber, the Convair F-l06A and F-106B inter- provide vertical lift.
ceptors, both Air Force craft, and the Navy's Bell Aircraft Corporation made first flights of its
Chance Vought F8U-2, a higher performing version X-14 jet VTOL, which employs a deflecting tail-
of the Crusader in fleet service. The Army also pipe to divert the thrust flow downward for verti-
introduced a number of light plane types. cal flight. The X-14 is an Air Force project.
A major contract award went to North American The Army conducted a competition for an aerial
Aviation, after a design evaluation, for develop- jeep research vehicle and in July awarded three
ment of a chemically fueled long range Mach 3 contracts for construction of prototypes. Contract
Air Force bomber designated vVS-llOA. North winners were Piasecki Aircraft Corporation, Aero-
American was also working on a new USAF long physics Development Corporation (a subsidiary of
range interceptor project, designated initially Curtiss-Wright Corporation) and Chrysler Corpora-
WS-202A and later YF-108. tion.

Army contmctecl for constntclion of aeTial jeejJs 111 july.

 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS

The research centers of the National Atlvi~ory from its storage space just below the satellite itself.
Committee for Aeronautics in 1957 were engaged The sub-satellite weighs only 0.25 pound and with
in accelerated programs to provide solutions for its container and the nitrogen bottle, weighs only
the many ditlicult problems surrounding develop- 0.69 pound. \Villiam J. O'Sullivan, research scien-
ment of the intermediate- and long-range ballistic tist at the NACA's Langley Aeronautical Labora-
missile. Similarly, the facilities and staff of the tory, deYeloped the sub-satellite which is scheduled
NACA were mar~haled to give all possible assist- to be used in l 958.
ance to seYeral companies in competition for the Respecting the turbojet engine, it was first pre-
design and production of a new, high-performance dicted its maximum speed capabilities would be
bomber. limited to less than a :Mach number of 1, the speed
At the same time, the NACA concentrated on of sound (GOO mph at altitude). Then a Mach
basic problems that can be solved only after years number of 1.5 was thought possible; then 2.5. Now
of intensive effort. In rare instances, such as the a Mach 4 turbojet appears possible. The engine
discovery and development at the NACA's Ames NACA engineers visualize for flight at 2600 mph
Aeronautical Laboratory of the blunt-nose theory would be more compact and far more efficient than
to minimize the missile re-entry heating problem present turbojets. Great care would be requi~·ed
(described in more detail below), a breakthrough in designing the inlet and exhaust ducts, which
is achieved. 1\Iore often, the Yalue of such long- would vary in size and shape with change in speed.
range research lies in the systematic accumulation Because of the high temperature (about 1200°
of new information. In this latter category is the Fahrenheit) resulting from the inlet air being
work begun in 19-Hi at the NACA's Lewis Flight rammed into the engine by the airplane's great
Propulsion Laboratory on high-energy or "exotic" speed, the compressor will be troubled by material
fuels, also described below. problems much more severe than those affecting
NACA support was given to the International today's engines. Recent NACA studies of special
Geophysical Year satellite program. both directly fuels and increased knowledge of combustion-cham-
and indirectly. The direct contribution was devel- ber design indicate that the engine can have shorter
opment of a 30-inch diameter ''sub-satellite" to be and more compact combustion chambers. The
used in measuring the resistance, or drag, experi- fundamental knowledge on which to base the
enced by artificial earth satellites, and by deduc-
design of such an engine is well defined, but con-
tion, the density of the atmosphere at the satellite
struction will be very difficult because of the high
altitudes. Indirect support was primarily in the
temperatures at which it must operate. Among
field of rocket propulsion.
the many details that must be invesigated are high-
The sub-satellite is made of a laminate consisting
of a plastic film 0.00025-inch-thick bonded to alu- temperature lubricants, bearings, and seals.
minum foil 0.0005-inch thick. A small tank of In seeking to attain hypersonic speeds (more
compressed nitrogen, hardly bigger than a lady's than :Mach 5, 3300 mph), the only air-breathing
lipstick, innates the sub-satellite, when it is released engine that might now be considered for the lower

181
 ........
. •.•... .. "'
..... ........
•••••
.... ..... .
••••• ~
~ ..
~

••• • ••
••••
• e e ... f!"~
••ee:~•
•·~--ee
••ere•
••

Scientists chech model zn test section of NA.CA wind tunnel.

h yp ersonic range is the ramjet. Lacking both com- cooling can be accomplished with nununurn losses,
pressor and turbine, and utilizing booster arrange- provided the fuel can be used in the coolant, in
ments for takeoff and climb, this engine type is much the same manner as in the liquid-fuel rocket
inherently simple in its design and working prin- engine. lVI uch research is now being directed to-
ciples. ward evaluation of various cooling methods.
The main problems requiring solution before Converting the energy of the fuel being burned
the ramjet or any altern a te propulsion system will into useful thrust becomes very difficult at hyper-
become satisfactory for hyperso nic flight a re those sonic speeds. The extremely high internal air and
of high temperature. For example, at Mach 5, air combustion temperatures are sufficient to cause the
temperatures rise to about 2000°F on the e ng ine air and the products of combustion to break clown
surfaces; at Mach 7 the air temperatures are abo ut or dissociate. This process ties up large quantities
4000°F. NACA researchers have found extensive of energy, which cannot con tribute to useful thrust

182
,
I
unless the dissociated particles can be recombined
inside the engine.
l\luch research is being devoted to study of the
above-mentioned problem. One of the great diffi-
energy contents. This work has been given in-
creasingly strong support from the armed forces.
In 1957, for the first time, the NACA disclosed its
part in this effort which has included study of
culties has been to build facilities where air can theoretical fuel performance, compounding new
be heated to correspond to the temperatures of the fuels and determining their properties and those
test speeds and then be expanded through nozzles of fuels suggested by others, and tests of the poten-
to reach the desired test speed. The Lewis Labora- tial new fuels in operating engines.
tory now is using a rocket-tunnel, and a pebble-bed Approaches to the problem have been many-
air-heater to provide these conditions. sided. \•\Tork has included investigation of light
Before flight into outer space can become prac- metals as fuels, although the gains would be in
tical. propulsion systems must be studied under higher thrust instead of greater range. This is
conditions likely to be found beyond the earth's because such metals as aluminum and magnesium
atm_ospher~. At extreme altitudes, air-breathing burn to higher temperatures and at higher over-all
engmes will not operate: therefore, space engines fuel-air ratios than hydrocarbons, but do not con-
must be capable of operating in a \·acuum. In tain as much heat energy per pound. Studies were
re-entering the atmosphere, future aircraft will be made of the burning characteristics of the light
exposed to temperatures as high as 30.000°F, "·here metals as solids and as finely suspended particles
the behavior of matter changes. To simulate such in petroleum-base slurries.
conditions, ne\\· high-temperature facilities are be- :Much of the research interest has been centered
ing constructed at the :\1.-\.CA's research centers. upon boron and its compounds. In addition to its
One such facility is the electric-arc tunnel. in high-temperature burning, boron has a high energy
which a high-current discharge occurs in an. arc content per pound and thus is attractive as a means
chamber. \Vhen a working fluid, such as air, is of extending range as well as increasing thrust.
injected into the chamber, it is headed by the arc, In a theoretical study of a ramjet missile flying at
arHl. then is expanded through a nozzle to produce an inital altitude of 60,000 feet and a speed of 2100
a lugh-speed stream at temperatures of 10.000° to miles per hour, it "·as calculated that use of boron
20,000°F, in which re-entry problems are studied. could extend range .J:O percent over that calculated
This apparatus has the advantage that it can be for JP-·1 fuel.
operated at usefully long periods of time at high Early in the NACA work on boron fuels, slurries
speeds and temperatures. of metallic boron and jet fuel \\·ere studied with
~)ne propulsio~1 de~rice that has been suggested disappointing results. A practical solution to the
~or outer-space ft1ght IS the ion jet. If a stream of problem of obtaining high combustion efficiency
IOns, .as in an arc jet, _can be accelerated to high under the difficult conditions of high altitude could
velonty by use of electnc or magnetic fields, a small not be achie,·ed.
amount of thrust will be produced. The ions are The energy content of boron-hydrogen com-
ti_ny bits of matter, carrying electrical charges. pounds, the boron hydrides or boranes, is consid-
1 hey are formed when an electron is added or erably higher than that of boron alone. Further,
removed from an electrically neutral atom or mole- many of these compounds can be prepared in
cule. They constitute most of the weight of the liquid form, and thus are more con\·eniently han-
. and if they can be accelerated to hirrh veloci-
atom, ~ ~
dled in aircraft tanks and fuel systems.
ties, their energy can give useful thru~t in outer Only sm;~Il amounts of boron have been pro-
space, for gradual acceleration to speeds measured duced in the past, but large quantities of boron-
in many thousands of miles an hour. containing salts are available, notably in California.
Petroleum fuels burned in today's jet airplanes Because of the elaborate and difficult processes in
are relatively. cheaJ), JJlentiful, and safe • The enerrr)·
b
their manufacture, liquid boron hydrides have been
content of these hydrocarbon compnunds is . how- priced in the hundreds of dollars per pound in the
ever, limited to about JH,500 Btu per pound. This quantities produced to llate.
fig·urc is too low to saLish'' the maxinHilll ranoc ~
re- NACA research has been aimed at evaluating the
quirements of the military services for high-speed eliccti\·eness of borane compounds over a wide
missiles and airplanes. range of conditions, including, in 195i, limited
Since the end of \Vorld vV;~r II. the NACA and usc in full-scale ramjet and turhojct engines. There
other organizations in this country have hecn arc difficult problems remaining. Boron compounds
sc;~rch i ng for new fuels that would have higher can he quite toxic, and the products of cnmbu·aion

183
 NACA 16-inch mmjet is e levated in Lewis Unitary Plan Wind TunneL

can produce deposits ·w ithin the engine which cut atmosphere, encounters aerodynamic heating of
performance. It may be necessary to modify the great magnitude. So serious and so large are these
borane fuels by chemical means to minimize these problems that success or failure of the entire long-
characteristics. range ballistic missile prog-ram has hinged on their
It is one thing to accomplish satisfactory use of practical solution.
a radically new type of fuel under the precisely In 1957 the NACA disclosed a significant advance
controlled conditions of a laboratory, and some- made at the Ames Laboratory toward eventual solu-
thing perhaps entirely different to achieve similarly tion of the heat problem for missiles. It was the
satisfactory results in actual flight_ In 1957, the new concept, by H. Julian Allen, which called for
latter step was taken in a small way; speeds greater use of blunt-nose cone. This work, essentially
than Mach 3 were recorded in free flight by an completed in 1952 but carefully protected for secur-
experimental full-scale ramjet test missile burning ity, res~lted from an analysis of the fundamental
a boron-compound fuel. Not until the multi- forces acting upon missiles entering the earth's
million-dollar plants now being constructed can atmosphere at high supersonic speeds . Allen found
produce relatively large amounts of the new hjgh- that by blunting the missile nose cone to produce
energy fuels will it be possible to complete the a high press ure drag, it becomes possible to deliver
large-scale research that remains to be done before large quantities of the total heat generated into th e
these fuels can be applied effectively to aircraft air surrounding the missile nose, leaving mu ch
propulsion. smaller amounts to be absorbed by the missile shell.
Development of ballistic missiles capable of span- Another important d evelopment at the Ames
ning intercontinental distances is a matter of great Laboratory was the design and construction of an
national urgency, requiring the investment of hun- entry simulator, in which the varying conditions
dreds of millions of dollars. Without understating of altitude and speed experienced by a missile de-
the difficulty or complexity of such problems _as scending on its target can be accurately simulated.
guidance, structures, or propuls~on, it may be said The work of Dr. A. J. Eggers, Jr., the simulator
with some co nfidence that solutiOns for these prob- uses tiny models whjch can provide accurate h ea t
lems are b eing found as a result of the very great data equivalent to that experienced by missiles
research and development effort b eing made. ranging in size up to a 3-ft.-diameter missile weigh-
F ar differe nt have been the problems posed by ing 5000 pounds.
aerodynamic h ea tin g . The ICBM, moving at many The work at Langley Laboratory on the mis-
thousands of miles per hour as it enters the earth's sile heat problem has included laboratory force and

184
pres ·ure m eas urem e nts on a series of models with A t the other end of the speed scale, the N~~A
va1·io u s degrees of nose bluntness a nd varying angles continued to work on problems of lift, stability
of fl a r ed skin o n the afterbody, a t speeds ranging and control, and structures . that are peculiar to
fr om subsoni c to a ·M ach number a bove 10. Simi- the VTOL and STOL types of aircraft. As wi~ its
l a r stud ies, a t co n iderably higher speed s, h ave been other researches, the NACA distributes findmgs
poss ibl e usin g th e rocke t-propelled model technique from these investigations to both the a ircraft indus-
a t ' 1\ a llo p s I sla nd. try and the military services.
T he axe-j e t was found p a ni cul arl y u seful in During 1957, the Lewis laboratory also did con-
findin g o ut h ow materials react to the extreme siderable work on the problem of turbojet-engine
conditi o ns of a tm ospheri c entry. At the Langley noise. A basic question is ..,, hat causes the greater
l a b or atory, it was u sed to determine uch mat- noi se of the turbojet engine. It might be reason-
te rs as the time l a p se ben' ee n th e prese n ce o f hea t able to suspect that the combustion of fuel at u-e-
a nd the b eginning of melting; the rate of loss ol m endous rates, and the whine of the compressor
surface matet·ia l; chemical interaction b etween the blades could be the principal causes, but actually
metal and th e h o t a ir jet; spa lling du e to thenual these noises are not the prime offenders. The " big
sh ock, and oth er phenomena whi ch mu t b e under- noise" is created outside the engine b y the exhaust
stood in d e ta il. jet as it mixes with the atmosphere. The exhaust
Cooling methods a lso co mm a nded attention. je t and the air do not mix smoothly; hot gas and
Studies a t the Ames a nd Langley lab o ra tories dem- air roll up into irregular swirls and eddies, produc-
o n strated u sefulness in a method of tra n spiration ing fluctu a ting pressures that are radiated as sound
(or sweat) coolin g in whi ch a coolant is forced '"aves.
through a porous outer surface of a missile. A n- A simple "cure" for the jet noise problem would
o ther p oss ible techniqu e ·would empl oy a film of be elimination of the turbulent mix ing, but funda-
liquid or gas which ca n b e spread over the missile m entally there is no way to accomplish this. Ho_w-
s urface so as to absorb h ea t an d a t the sa me tim e e\ er, it is possible to redu ce the strength and size
shield the metal skin from th e in te n se h ea tin g . of the turbulent eddies. Intensive research was
co nducted on various nozzle shapes, some of which
Exp e·r im enlal su fJe·rson ic aiTcmfl model. will lessen the noise substantially by reducing
the peak so und levels at certain frequen cies. Diffi-
culties are encountered in the design of such
nozzles In· keeptng· d rag,· w ei· ;:,o·l1t and en ;:,o·ine per-
· · ·
formance penalties a t a m1mmui u ,.,bile
·• at the. same
time accomplishing the d esired noise redu ctions . .
A b asically different approach to the pro blem IS
to reduce the velocity of the exhaust jet. A small
redu ction in jet velocity will produce a substantial
redu ction in noise. Today's engines, desig ned to
provide the m aximum performance require~uents
of the military services, ca nnot opera te effioently
at lower jet velocities. It would be p ossible to d esig n
n ew engines that would operate efficiently at low
jet velocities and thus with lower noise, but devel-
~pment of such new e ngines required additional
research and would be both costly and time con-
suming.
There is the furth er possibility of combinin g the
noise-reduc tion p o tentia l of special nozzle shapes
with that of the low er je t ve locity. The factors of
cost, thrust losses, and weight ar e of great impor-
tan ce in considering devices that may b e u sed on
th e commercial jet transports. ·Mu ch research is
still necessary to produ ce economica ll y prac tical
noise suppression.

185
 ·C IVIL

-,
...

J.•
- f
.•

· ~
•. --v.. _
AVIATION

THE AIRLINES

As the schedul ed air transport industry ap-

proached its 20th anniversary under the Civil Aero-
naut ics Act of 1938, the year 1957 saw further steps
in the continual growth of the airl ines which has
been accelerat ing since the Korean war. The year
was also one of preparation for the civil jet acre
in the United States. "'
\1\Th ile complete data for the last half of the year
was- not available, there -vvas every indication that
1957 wou ld top the preceding year's all time high .
In 1956, the industry flew nearly 46,000,000 pass-
engers, was responsib le for a 3.5 percent increase
in dornestic intercity passenger traffi c carried by
the nation's commercial transportation ·ys tem, and
handled more than 1,200,000 air freight shipments.
The latter figure represented an increase of more
th a n 1000 percent over ] 94 7.
Some indica tio n of 1957's growth is contai ned Stu.aT t G . Tipton
in the statistics be low: Presiden t, ATA

CONSOLIDATED AIRLINE INDUSTRY SUMMARY, UNITED STATES

(!Jdd 000 to all figu ·res )
First 6 ·M onth s First 6 Months
ITEM 1955 1956 1956 1957
Revenue ton-mil es ------------------------- --------- 3,042,327 3,547,35 1 1,683,361 1,915, 185
Available ton-miles ........................... ----- 5,235,742 6,087,070 2,868,4 15 3,430,618
Ton-rnile load factor % -----------·- ------------- 58.11 58.28 58.69 55.83
lteve nue pass .-mil es ·------- ------------·--- ·--·· ·---- 24,340,431 27,615, 179 13,272,003 15,065,18 1
Avai l. seat-mi les ------------------------------- ----· ·· · - 38,545, 109 43,645,569 20,658,496 24,329,400
Pass. lo ad factor % ---------------------------------- 63.15 63 .27 64.2'1 61.92
Op erating Reve nu es ---------- ---------------------- $ 1,634,712 $ 1,876,055 898,522 $ 1,022,682
Op er a t ing Exp en ses ---------------------------------· $ 1,490.8 '17 $ 1,7'12.3 14 830,140 98 4, 127

187
 Despite the gains, the airlines in 1957 were flation, average out at less per passenger mile than
trapped in what appears to be a period of diminish- in 1938!
ing return. In I956, traflic revenues increased II "To put the matter in the simplest terms: it is
percent over the previous year, but at the same of urgent importance, both for national defense
time net income dropped IO percent. The steady and for service to the public, that the domestic
decline of the profit margin is apparent when one airlines put their jet fleets into operation as soon
notes that, for the I2 months ending September, as possible, and on as large a scale as possible. The
I955, profit amounted to 6.29 cents on the dollar, importance of making these jet fleets operational
while the comparable figure for the I2 months end- transcends any savings of pennies on airline fares
ing in July, I957, was a meager 2.82 cents. that might be possible by curtailing jet orders and
The reasons are simple: everything involved in prolonging the use of older, slower piston-engine
running an airline-wages, parts, fuel, cost of air- aircraft. Since I938 (ares wi II not pay for I958
craft-has gone up, while fares remained the same. aircraft-and clearly they "·ill not-it is incumbent
Airline fares today are actually less than they were upon the Board (charged, as it is, with promoting
nearly 20 years ago, a situation unique among the the improvement of air transportation) to permit
nation's common carriers. A recent study sho·ws adjustment of fares to the levels which will, in
that the average airline fare in I938 was 5.32 cents terms of today's dollar, attract the investment
per passenger mile. In 1957, it averaged 5.28 cents. needed for modern jet aircraft."
In August, 1957, the Civil Aeronautics Board de- The industry's turbine re-equipment program
nied a six percent fare increase sought by seven was massive in proportions. Three times since
of the 12 trunkline carriers, who argued that the 1946 the airlines have undertaken equipment revo-
proposed increase was one of many steps necessary lutions, using more than 80 percent of all funds
to meet the critical financial problems arising out available to the industry in the process.
of the coming jet and turboprop re-equipment pro- At the end of 1957, the industry had committed
grams. itself to the purchase of 502 turbine powered air-
As the Civil Aeronautics Board prepared to re- craft (3·10 of them turbojets) with additional orders
new hearings in the matter of the General Fare in the ofling. The estimated cost of these programs
Investigation, president Stuart G. Tipton issued a topped $3-billion, including the standard 20 per-
statement of position and objectives of the Air cent for parts purchase. This figure doubles the
Transport Association of America. In part, it said: cost of all property owned by the airlines today
"This proceeding comes at a critical time in the after three post-war re-equipment cycles. The $3-
advancement of this nation's air transport indus-
try. The situation demands that the Civil Aero-
nautics Board act with the utmost keenness of per-
ception and consciousness of its responsibilities to
discharge its mandate from Congress to encourage
and develop the air transportation system which
best fulfills the needs of the public-and the na-
tional defense-for service.
"The Airlines today stand on the threshold of
the jet age.
"The first stage of this jet program will require,
by the end of I% !-virtually overnight-that the
domestic airlines more than triple their investment
in flight equipment.
"These financial requirements are, by any realis-
tic terms, staggering. They can be met-particu-
larly with respect to the needed additional pur-
chase of jets-only as airline securities become
more acceptable to investors than is now the case.
This means substantially better earnings, and more
regular dividends, than the airlines have hitherto
found possible at the fare levels permitted by the
Bo<trd-fares which today, after nm decades of in-

188
billion does not even include piston-engined air- (l) the 120 series, carrying from 124 to 150 pass-
craft still on order. Further, the equipment in- engers, cruising speed about 500 miles per hour,
vestmen t, including ground equipment, is expected pov\ ered b y four Pra tt & vVhitney JT3C-4 engines,
to grow to nearl y $5-billion during the next nine w ith nonstop transcontinental and transatlantic
years. r ange; (2) the 220 series, carrying from 124 to 150
Pl a n es involved in the turbine re-equipment pro- passengers, cruising speed 605 miles per hour, pow-
grams for the various scheduled airlines include: ered by four Pratt & "\-\lhitney JT4A-3 engines,
designed for nonstop transcontinental and trans-
TURBOPROPS
atlantic range; and the 32 series powered by four
1. V ickers Viscount, powered b y four Roll s- Pratt & Whitney JT4A-3 engines designed essen-
Royce turboprop engines, capable of carrying 48 tially for intercontinental range.
passengers at a crui sing speed of about 385 miles
2. Dougl as DC-8, two models, domestic and in-
per hour for a maxirnum range of 1500 miles (59
tercontinenta l, both capable of a cruising speed
of these were in servi ce in the S. as of May 15,
ranging from 550 to 600 miles per hour. The do-
1957).
mestic DC-8, powered by four Pratt & Whitney J57
2. Lockheed E lectra, powered by four Allison
engines, ·will carry as many as 144 passengers with a
501 D 13 prop jet engines, capable of carrying 77
range of 3700 miles. The intercontinental version,
to 85 p asse ngers a t a bout 4 15 miles per hour cruis-
powered with the Pratt & ·whitney J75 jet engines,
ing speed for a maximum r ange of about 2200
will be capable of flying 4600 miles nonstop.
miles.
3. The Convair 880, a medium to transconti-
3. Bristol Brita nnia, a lon g-r ange aircra ft pow-
nental range aircraft, capable of carrying from 80
ered b y four Proteus turboprop engines, capable
to about 140 passengers at a cruising speed of 615
of carrying from 92 to 133 passengers a t a cruising
miles per hour, powered with four General Electric
speed of about 400 miles p er hour.
CJ805 engines.
4 . Fairchild F-27 Friendship, power ed b y two
4. Com et, British, capable of carrying 68 to 74
Roll s-R oyce engines, a hi gh w ing <10 p assenger
passengers in the 500- to 550-miles-per-hour cr~i~ing
short- a nd medium-range airliner w ith a cruising
speed in excess of 280 mph. speed range. It will be a medium-distance a1rlmer
powered with four Rolls-Royce jet engines.
TURBOJETS The ability of these jets to produce a irlift is im-
1. The Boeing 707 in three versions, as follo·ws: press ive. For example, a typical big jet airliner
will have a lift capacity of 40,000 pounds-nearly bower for Avia tion Facilities Pl ann ing re leased hi s
twice that of a typical airliner today. As designed report. Edward P. Curtis h a d bee n appointed
for tourist service, it will offer up to 162 seats, as to make a study a nd suggest methods of speeding
compared to the 95 seats available on a large tour- up the research and planning necessary to strike
ist-class plane today. The cruising speed of the the "handcuffs and leg irons" from the country's
turbojet will be as high as 615 miles per hour, as Air Navigation Tra ffic Control System. In his re-
compared with about 350 miles per hour for the port Curtis emphasized the dangers to the nation a l
fastest piston airliners today. The largest turbojets economy and defense of the prese nt inadequate
will have a non-stop intercontinental range. This m a n agement of air space which often required the
combination of size, speed and range sets up a geo- sacrifice of volume to safety. He proposed a con-
metric progression, resulting in an estimated 8 bil- solidation of all Federal Government activity con-
lion ton miles of airline airlift capacity by 1961. cerned with air traffic control a nd navigation into
The preparations that have been, and are being, one independent unit-a new Federal Aviation
made by the airlines, Government agencies, and Agency. He suggested an interim plan to make
AT A for insuring safe, comfortable, fast and re- certain tha t as many improvements as possible
liable operation of the country's large fleet of jet start immediately in advance of comprehensive
airliners ·w hen they go into service will run into Government reorganization and proposed a system
hundreds of thousands of man hours. Among the tha t would allow greater control of more aircraft
subjects that were studied during 1957 and are by ground controllers and increasingly greater use
still under study are proper use of the American of automatic devices to provide accurate informa-
air space, personnel policies, improved handling tion quickly.
of passengers, paying for the jets, operations, main- During 1957, as a part of a positive separation
tenance and ground handling of the new equip- program, the scheduled airlines, working through
ment. ATA and ALPA worked out a plan for full con-
Also under study during the yea r were some of trol of all scheduled airline traffic flying at alti-
the problems that must be coordinated to insure tudes from 9500 feet up within an area bound
the proper handling of large scale movements of by the a irways between Washington, New York
passengers at an air terminal. Among these are a nd Chicago. The procedures effective in this con-
improvements in passenger and baggage flow, trol area, known as the "Golden Triangle," con-
handling of auto traffic and parking, waiting stituted the second step in a long range program
rooms, ticketing and baggage checking areas, out- to provide positive separation of aircraft by air
bound baggage rooms, passenger concourses, board- traffic control facilities on the ground. The first
ing control points and departure rooms, baggage step, in which all a irline flight above 18,000 feet
claim areas, special service room, facilities for in the continental limits of the U. S. have positive
safety, comfort and convenience, utilities and air- separation from each other by filing and operating
line areas to mention but a few. And each of these under instrument flight rules procedures was initi-
items in turn has to be broken clown into many ated earlier.
individual items that require major consideration
At their annual meeting in June the Board of
to insure sa tisfactory service to the traveling pub-
Directors of the Air Transport Association of
lic. And in the case of each item it is necessary
America passed a resolution condemning the policy
to plan for peak operations with attention given
of the State Department in granting additional
to the additional factor that one must recognize a
routes to certain foreign air carriers as destructive
peak will occur within a peak hour.
of a sound United States air transport system and
In 1957 the special assistant to President Eisen-
as unjustifiable under the long-established biparti-
san United States air transport policy and urged
that such grants should be stopped.
During 1957 the Universal Air Travel Plan
under which airline travelers are able to carry a
credit card honored for air transportation by 96
airlines throughout the world reported that more
than 77,000 customers had been added to their
list. This brought the total number of users of
the only world wide credit plan now in operation
by any industry to nearly 800.000.

190
 For many yea rs the scheduled a u- tra11 sport m- The airlines continued to cooperate with the
dustry has been working to simplify international Post Office during 1957 in the experiment to im-
border crossing procedure and paper "ork. Each prove postal service by flying first-class mail on a
yea r h as see n some success, but 1957 saw a stepped- space available basis between certain points. In
up effort to streamline procedures to insure that the first six months of 1957 compared with the
intern ational travel would be accomplished w ith a same period of 1956 this non-priority mail showed
rninimum of restriction in the jet age. a gai n of 7.7 percent and thus hunru·eds of mil-
The yea r 1957 saw the sch eduled airlines calling lions of letters reached their destination on an
aver age of nearly half a day sooner than if they
(or a nevv partnership concep t with the DepaT t-
ment of Defense so as to enable them to make a
greater co ntribution to nation al defense. The co n-
cep t ca lls for a n ina-eased airline caniarre t>
of
military traffic so as to free defense Department
reso urces for other tasks a nd will expand the n a-
tional airlift without cos t to the tax p ayer. This
increased u se of airline facilities would also aid in
increas ing the Civil Reserve A ir Fleet or CRAF
program. Under that CRAF program the airlines
have earmarked for military u se in tirne of emer- h ad moved by surface. The airlines got three-tenths
gency some 320 four-engined planes. The airlin es of a cent out of each three-cent stamp affixed to a
also point out there are more th a n 600 additional first-class mail that '..Vent by air, and the Post Office
four-engined planes in the co mbined a irline fleet got the rest. The airlines were not satisfied that the
which are capable of performing the same kind of payment received is up to the value of the service
vvork. By the start of 1958 this additional airlift provided. But there was no question as to the value
capacity would be enough to more than double the of the experiment as such - particularly since so
capacity of the present fleet. By 1961 the fleets will m an y foreign countries move first-class mail by air
be increased sufficiently to increase the civil airlift whenever air carriage will expedite delivery.
capacity by more th a n fow- times the 1957 firrure The interest of the scheduled airlines in a prox-
. t> '
a1~ d t I1a~ a m aJor part of the a nticipated airlift imity warning and collision avoidance system con-
will be m terms of jet airo-aft, whi ch will start tinued in 1957. During the year, proposals for the
entering the airline fleets in 1959-60. use of infrared techniques for air collision avoid-
In 1~57 the ~yst:m un~er whi ch a passenger ance sys tems and proximity warning systems were
must pick up his ticket within a deadline set b presented to the industry. As the year neared its
the airline exceeded airline expectations both i~ end , following specific proposals for such a system,
1~1aking seats avail_able and acceptance b y the pub- it was evident that an infra-red system ·would be
he. Adopted late m 1956, the ticketing time limit test flown by several of the scheduled airlines.
plan was p art of a three-stage . program d esirrned Due to an increase in the number of bomb
to cope with the no-show problem, which res~lted hoaxes reported, Congress in 1957 changed the
in airliners departing with empty sea ts while a t p ublic law dealing with wilful destruction o£. air-
t~1e same time passengers who wanted those seats craft. The change brought the Federal Enforce·
were un able to buy them. The second stage of the ment agencies into action in case of a bomb hoax
program put a recon.finnation rule into effect in as well as the destru ction of aircraft. In addition,
July of 1957 and la ter in the year added additional the law made bomb hoaxing a criminal offense _
assurance tha t "sold out" flights taking off with punish able by a year in prison, or $1000 .fine, or
empty seats would be elimina ted. penal t p la n both.
was adopted. U nd er this plan, the airline pas en- Through ATA the scheduled airlines estab·.
ger who inco n ve ni en ced fellow passengers b)~ be ing lished an. award program in which any airline em-
a "no-show" h ad to pay a $3 .00 penalty. p loyee who m ateriall y assists a.uthorities in their
A mong the many other effor ts to improve serv- efforts to ap preh end a ho axer ·will be given a ca h
ice was th e commitmen t: of about $25-million in awa rd of up to $1000 depending upon the extent
leases a nd rentals over the n ext I 0 years to insure of the employee's h elp.
continued improvement of passenger reservations An .ATA member hip list and summaq of indi·
and space control. vidual airlines operations follows.

191
 MEMBERSHIP LIST

AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA

(HEADS OF AIR LINES LISTED)

Mr. Howard .J. Korth *Mr. G. W. G. McConachie Mr. E. V. Rickenbacker

President President Chairman of Board &
AAXICO Airlines, Inc. Canadian Pacific Airlines, Ltd. General Manager
P. 0. Box 875 Sea Island Airport Eastern Air Lines, Inc.
Miami International Airport Vancouver AMF, B.C., Canada I 0 Rockefeller Plaza
Branch Mr. J. H. Carmichael New York 20, New York
Miami, Florida President
Capital Ail"lines, Inc. Mr. R. E. Ellis
Mr. Chas. F. Willis President
Washington National Airport
President Washington I, D. C. Ellis Air Lines
Alaska Airlines, Inc. P. 0. Box 1059
2320 Sixth Avenue *Mr. Dionisio Trigo Ketchikan, Alaska
Seattle I, Washington President
Carri bbean Atlantic Airlines, Inc. Mr. Robert W. Prescott
Mr. 0. F. Benecke P. 0. Box 6035 President
Co-l\I anager Loiza Street Station The Flj'ing Tiger Line, Inc.
Alasha Coastal Airlines Santurce, Puerto Rcio Lockheed Air Terminal
2 Marine Way Mr. Keith Kahle Burbank, California
Juneau, Alaska President
Mr. C. A. Myhre
Central Airlines, Inc.
Mr. Leslie 0. Barnes President
Meacham Field
President Frontier Airlines
Fort Worth 7, Texas
Allegheny Airlines, Inc. Stapleton Airfield
Washington National Airport Mr. J olm S. G Ieason Denver 7, Colorado
Washington 1, D. C. President & Treasurer
Chicago HelicojJter Airways, Inc. *Mr. A. D. Lewis
Mr. C. R. Smith 5240 W. 63rd Street President
President Chicago 38, Illinois Hawaiian Airlines Ltd.
American Airlines, Inc. Honolulu International Airport
Mr. Robert F. Six
100 Park Avenue Honolulu 17, Territory of Hawaii
President
New York 17, New York Continental Air Lines, Inc. Mr. Gwin Hicks
Mr. Edmund Converse P. 0. Box 9063 President
President Denver 16, Colorado
Lahe Centml Ai1·lines
Bonanza Air Lines, Inc. Mr. Merle K. Smith Weir Cook Municipal Airport
McCarran Field, P. 0. Box 391 President & General Manager Indianapolis 44, Indiana
Las Vegas, Nevada Cordova AiTlines
P. 0. Box 1499 Mr. C. l\J. Belinn
Mr. C. E. Beard Anchorage, Alaska President
President Mr. C. E. Woolman Los Angeles Airways, Inc.
Braniff International Airways, Inc. Box 45155, Airport Station
President & General :\Tanager
Love Field Los Angeles 45, California
Delta Air Lines, Inc.
Dallas 35, Texas Atlanta Airport "Associate Member

192
 :\£r. Jos. C. :\lackey :\Jr. A. G. Woodley Mr. Frank W. Hulse
President President President
J.Hacht')' Airlines_. Inc. Pacific Northern Airlines Southern Airways) Inc.
}howard County International 1626 Exchange Building 1140 Brown-:\Jarx Building
.\irport Seattle 4, \Vashington Birmingham, Alabama
Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
\I r. Andrew B. Shea :\Jr. John H. Connelly
:\lr. Robert E. Peach President President
President Pan American-Grace Airways. Inc. Southwest Aincays Company
~.\Jollllwk Airlines. Inc. 135 E. -!2nd Street San Francisco International
Oneida County Airport Xew York 17, New York Airport
Utica, New York San Francisco, California
::\Ir. J. T. Trippe
::\IL G. T. Baker President *Mr. \\r. Gordon \1\Toocl
President \'ice President-Traffic
Pan American TVorld Aincays)Inc.
National Airlines) Inc. 135 E. -!2nd Street Trans-Canada Air Lines
3240 N. \V. 27th :henue Room -!22
Xew York 17, New York
~\Jiami 42, Florida In tern a tiona! Aviation Building
::\Ir. T. H. Davis 1080 University Street
:i\Jr. Robert L. Cummings, Jr. President Montreal 3, Quebec, Canada
President Piedmont Airlines
1Vew Yorh Airu•ays) Inc. Smith Reynolds Airport ::\Ir. R. E. ::\IcKaughan
P. 0. Box 426 \Vinston Salem 1, North Carolina President
LaGuardia Airport Station Trans-Texas Aincays
Flushing 71, New York ::\Ir. Robert C. Reeve 1221 Commerce Building
President & Superintendent Houston 2, Texas
:\Ir. Hal N. Carr Operations
President l\Ir. \Varren Lee Pierson
Reeve Aleutian Airways_. Inc.
North Centwl Airlines, Inc. Chairman of the Board
-!20 D Street, Box 559
6201 -34th :henue, South Anchorage, Alaska Trans-TVorld Airlines) Inc.
:\I in neapolis 23, I\ I innesota 806 Connecticut Avenue
Mr. Harold L. Graham, Jr. Washington 6, D. C.
~\I r.
George E. Gardner President
President Mr. \V. A. Patterson
Resort Airlines) Inc.
No1·tlzeast Aidines) Inc. Suite 326 President
Logan International Airport United Air Lines
1346 Connecticut Avenue, N.\V.
5959 s. Cicero Avenue
E. Boston 28, Massachusetts \Vashington 6, D. C.
Chicago 38, Illinois
"\Jr. Raymond I. Petersen Mr. John Paul Riddle
l\Ir. Nick Bez
President & General .:\-tanager President
President
1Vorthenz Consolidated Airlines) Riddle Airlines, Inc.
1Vest Coast Airlines. Inc.
Inc. P. 0. Box 535
Boeing Field
·414 Fourth Avenue Miami International Airport Seattle 8, \ Vashington
1

.Anchorage, Alaska Branch

?\J iami 48, Florida Mr. T. C. Drinkwater
"\Jr. D. \V. 1'\yrop President
J>resident ::\fr. Raymond A. Norden IFestern Air Lines.. Inc.
President ti060 Avion Drive
;Vortlrwest Airlines, Inc.
Seaboard & 1Vestcrn Airlines) Inc. Los Angeles -!5, California
1885 University Avenue
80 Broad Street
St. Paul 1, Minnesota
New York 4, New York l\fr. Sigurd vVien
Mr. Laddie H. D. Hamilton President & General Manag-er
Mr. D. ·w. Reutzel
President 1Yien A laslw Airlines
Chairman of the Board Box (149
Owrk Ai1· Lines) Inc. Stich A im•ays, Inc.
l~ox 6007, Lambert Field Fairbanks ..c\Jaska
P. 0. Box 95,17
St. Louis 21, Missouri Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ".\ssnciate \lL'mher

193
 AMERICAN AIRLINES million expansion of the airline's maintenance a nd
American completed a number of steps in Lts overhaul base at Tulsa, Oklahoma.
jet-age program during 1957. President C. R. Other developments during the year included:
Smith stated that the company's conversion to an A proposal to the Civil Aeronautics Board that
all-turbine fleet would be completed by 1961. U n- the nation's trunk lines not be subsidized.
der the re-equipment program, American planned Recording of the 50,000,000th reservations in-
to buy 15 long range and 15 intermediate range quiry by the l'viagnetic Reservisor, an electronic
jet transports, in addition to 30 long range Boeing device which expedites reservations process ing
707's and 35 medium-range Lockheed Electras. through automation.
Smith stated that American's turbine program Installation of an automatic "telecard" system
was based upon annual earnings of $25-million, for relaying passenger information faster and more
which would require the proposed 15 percent fare accurately between American Airlines' m a jor reser-
increase. vations centers.
The company also completed plans for a $14- Inauguration of a luxury air service-called "The
million terminal at New York International Air- Captain's Flagship"-between New York and Chi-
port, which the airline said "would be built around cago and New York and Detroit.
the passenger and not the airplane." The terminal Expansion of the "Mercury," American's luxury
design features one-level accessibility for passen- first class service, to some 20 of the nation's major
gers, complete protection from the elements and cities.
individual departure lounges with an enclosed tele- Expansion of DC-7 luxury aircoach service-The
scopic passenger corridor between lounge and Royal Coachman-to about 15 major American
plane. cities.
Major items of the AAL year were dedication of Inauguration of four-engined nonstop commuter
a new $1-million stewardess college located midway service on the heavily-traveled Boston-New York-
between Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas; completion Washington routes.
of a nationwide educational program for leading Inauguration of DC-7 "l'viercury" nonstop service
travel agents; and completion of plans for a $20- between St. Louis and New York.

Ame1·ican Airlines jJlans this n ew base at Tulsa, Oklahoma.

 CAPITAL AIRLI:\ES three seconds between inquiry and anS\\'er. At a
later date Capital plans to place more agent sets
Capital Airlines reached a new plateau of prog-
in airport ticket offices and operations.
re.,s in 1957 as the company celebrated its 30th
The company continued its heavy advertising
year of operation and completed the interrration
. 0 with an emphasis on the advantages of Viscount
of 59 jet-prop Viscounts into its fleet of 10?~ aircraft.
flight and used all available media. A particularly
.Although 1957 recorded a heayy gain in passen-
effective direct mailing campaign won Capital its
gers carried by Capital, the year was also character-
eighth national award in 1957.
ited by a correspondingly hean• increase in ex-
In April, Capital celebrated its 30th Anniversary
penses, which forced the airline to defer an order
by re-enacting its first regular mail flight between
of 15 additional Viscounts and l-1 Comet jetliners.
Pittsburgh-Youngstmm-Cleveland. For this purpose
The company's policy during the year was one
the company used the original '\Vaco-9 biplane and
of consolidating and strengthening its route S\'S-
pioneer pilot ::\Ierl l\Ioltrup.
tem and schedules to take full a~lYantarre of its
\'iscount fleet. 'Vith this program there ~:>was also
Operating revenue for the first nine months of
195 7 "·as S69,657 ,723 as compared to $.45,514,822
an attendant expansion of non-Bight equipment.
for the same period of the previous year. How-
. A major asset in the transitional training of
ever, a continuously rising expense level and in-
pilots for the jet-prop aircraft, was the purchase of
creased interest payments combined to record a net
a S200,000 electro-mechanical flight simulator. Pur-
loss of S1,248,86l for the first nine months of 1957.
~h~~sed from Air Trainers Link Ltd., of England,
A total of 2,936,020 passengers was carried dur-
It 1s the first turbo-prop simulator to be used in
ing the first three quarters of last year as compared
the l!nited Sta.tes. Basically an analog computer,
to 2,180,588 for the nine month period of 1956.
the simulator IS a perfect workino- mock-UJJ of a
,,. • 0 Passenger miles flown for the same period last year
tscomH cockpit, capable of reproducing almost
totaled l, ll8,819,910 as compared to 731,988,926
every inflight engine failure or emero-encv likely to
b e encountered. Since the simulator 0 ' for the nine month period of the previous year.
allows the
In addition to Viscounts, the airline ,,·as operat-
release of an actual Viscount from trainincr, it has
ing 20 DC3's, 12 DC4's and 12 Constellations.
been estimated that this training aid savest>Capital
Sl59 for each hour of operation.
CENTRAL AIRLI1~ES
Capit~l's conn~nmications network "·as improved
hy the mstallatwn of a new Sequentiallv Coded In 1957, Central inaugurated service to three
Automatic Transmitter Start system. Often' referred cities: Harrison, Arkansas; Guymon, Oklahoma;
to as . SCATS, the system more than doubled the and Lamar, Colorado. It was the first scheduled
capaCJ ty of the company's teletype cover:we which airline service for each of the cities.
at year's end, cont~ined 18 circuits. It ;roved t~ Guymon and Lamar are located on routes from
be. <~ tremet~dous tune save:, since in the past re- Oklahoma City to Denver, awarded Central by the
cetvmg sets m the ~eld earned every message being Civil Aeronautics Board in 1956. Harrison is on
sent on the Capttal system. This "party line the route from Fort Smith to St. Louis, awarded in
method" required an agent to maintain a c~nstant 1955. Service to all three cities had been held up
vigil for a lull to dispatch any outgoing message. pending completion of necessary airport improve-
Now agents merely cut a tape, feed it in the ma- ments.
chine and walk away. A segment of SC:\TS in the A major personnel change was the promotion of
vVashingtnn headquarters automaticallv seeks out operations manager R. L. vVageneck to vice presi-
stations waiti1'g to transmit and picks UJJ the taped dent in charg-e of operations. 'Vageneck was also
messages. named a director of the company, as were A. S.
The problem of keeping· an up to the minute Aldr=dge, vice president-traffic and sales, and T.
tally of seats available on a system wide basis was Patrick Carr, Texas oilman.
well on the way to being solved as a rewlt of an Central boarded its 500,000th passenger in late
agreement to install a Univac File Computer sys- November. The company also dropped its "'\,Vinged-
tem to be used as a reservations inventory. Ini- C" symbol and replaced it with a more modern de-
tially, Capital planned to install 192 agent sets in sign. At year's end, Central was serving 33 cities
the reservations offices of the company's 12 largest (17 of them exclusively) in Texas, Oklahoma, Ar-
stations. A master unit in Washington will pro- kansas, 1\![issouri, Kansas and Colorado. The com-
vide a nearly instantaneous check on every seat for pany employed 13 aircraft over a route system of
sale on the airline, with a lapse of no more than 3-129 miles.

195
 CIUCAGO HELICOPTER AIRWAYS DELTA AIR Lll'.'ES
CHA completed its first year of passenger service . Delt~ completed its 28th year ~£ passe nger opera-
in November and carried about 9000 passengers twns with new company records In all categories of
during the month, compared with 429 in its first traffic. Available seat miles increased 28 perce nt
month of operation a year earlier. over 1956, and revenue passenger miles rose 20
A highlight of the company's year was inaugura- percent to 1,299,000,000 with a n average load factor
tion of service from Chicago's two major airports- of 58.90.
Midway Airport and O'Hare Field-to the down- Operating revenue~ of $78,596,003 were 18 p e r-
town Loop area. vVith this service, Chicago be- cent above
. the prevwus year, but 01)erat mg · ex-
came one of two U.S. cities receiving scheduled p enses mcreased 23 . .
percent to $72 '
5 10 '
93 <l . 1N'e t
helicopter service in their downto·wn districts. profit of $2 .622-milhon after taxes was equal to
CHA was operating seven-passenger Sikorsky S-55 $2.34 per share.
and 12-passenger Sikorsky S-58 helicopters. On February
. . l, Delta. comp leted the fir st . anni- .
versary o f Its mauguration of service bet \\•een . the
CONTINENTAL AIR LINES South and Southwest and the New York-... ·V .
•· . . v ashmo·-
ton area . Dunng the year, the airlme ex _t>
Continental completed construction at Los An- . . . paneled Its
service pattern over Its entue 10,765-m 1'l
geles International Airport of a maintenance base . D· . e sys tem.
servmg _o 9 states, t 11e Istnct of Co lumb · .
designed specifically for reception and upkeep of . · . Ia and s1x.
Canbbean countnes. Service was oTeatl . "
jet aircraft. The b ase was activated in the spring, b < Y InC1·eased
between Chicago and the resorts of Flor·d 1 <
ahead of completion and was used during the • • a and the
Canbbean, and new flights were added
remainder of the year for maintenance of the com- · PI11·1 adelphia a nd N to Wa sh -
ington, Ba I wnore,
pany's fleet of Dou g las DC-7B's. · ew York
New non-stops went mto operation bet ween H --
The $ 1.25-million base consists of a 42,425 square
ton and New York, as well as bet·wee OLb-
foot hangar with a clear height of 40 feet, a 35,000 . . d A 1 n t1lese key
Northeastern Cities an t anta and ot.1ler .
square foot two-story reinforced concrete structure
centers served by Delta. m aJor
housing the maintenance ships, offices and person-
nel training space and underground storage for Delta pressed appli cations to the c· .
· B oan l wr
nautiCS " new operating · auth . lVIl Aero -
200,000 gallons of aviation fuel. The b ase was onty bet
Dallas and the West Coast, betwee n tl ween
designed primarily for Continental's Boeing 707 . t 11e T w1n
and St. Lou1s, . c·Hies,
· and D le Sour!least
transports which will be delivered in 1959. . . d etroit
The company JOme other maJ· 0 . ·
Continental also completed plans for an engine . . . t carr·
seeking an ultenm Six percent pas 1ers 111
test cell for the Rolls Royce RDA-1 and RDA-8 senger f . .
crease, and when the Board denied tl . . a1 e m-
Dart engines which power the airline's Vickers . . f 1ls In A
filed applicatiOn or a 15 percent fa< te . b oo t ugust,
.
Super Viscount transports. The turbine tra nsports
General Fare Investigation under lle . s ll1 the
were scheduled for delivery startin g March, 1958. an ng
end. at )'ear's
Continental inaugurated its Chicago-Kansas City-
:Moving to meet the expanding · f
Denver-Los Angeles route in April. The carrier . air reigl .
ing needs of the boommg South D 1 . 1t sh1p-
also requested Civil Aeronautics Board authority P . . ' eta I 11 0
inaugura ted all-cargo serv1ce between ctober
to operate a route from D a llas to the West Coast. 13
key cities

Continental Air Lines com jJleted its new base in Los Angeles.
 A Genn an Ponche ts loadecl into a D elta C-46 airfreighter.

of its system. The new all-cargo fleet increased the facilities pending cornpletion of a new municipa l
company's cargo capacity b y more than 600 percent. terminal in early 1960. A $!-million overhaul facil-
In l\ifarch, Delta, in cooperation with Genera 1 ity was begun at Dallas, and similar faci liti es were
Electric Company's Aircraft Gas Turbine Division being contracted for at Newark and Idlevvild. Ex-
in Cincinnati, opened the first airline jet tra ining panded facilities a t Miami and Atlanta were also
school. A coordin a tor of jet planning was named being planned at year's end.
a nd the company engaged a Ne"v "York engineering Delta added flights to New York International
consultant firm to survey its jet requirements, in- Airport during the year for the first time, supple-
cluding location of jet maintenance facilities. Com- menting its services through the Newark Airport.
pany management personnel, upervisors, pilots A new reservations office in greatly expanded quar-
and maintenaqce personnel re ceived s pecia l train- ters was opened in a 1\IIadison Avenue office build-
ing in these courses-conducted a t the firm' s At lanta ing. New ticketing facilities were opened in Chi-
headquarters and elsewhere-to prepare for the cago, Houston and Atlanta .
inauguration of DC-8 service in 1959 and Convair
The company's stock was listed o-;:} the New York
880 service in 1960. Delta h as ordered 10 Convair
Stock Exchange on April 17.
880's and 8 DC-S's, a $ 100-rnillion order.
Coach service was g-reatly expa,1ded during th e
During the year, Delta 's total em plo yment
year over Delta's system, rising to 40 percent of all
n1.ounted p ast 6000 in the 60 cit ies it serves. Ha1f
flights.
of the work force is located .i n Atlanta.
A new $35 0,000 general office building was com- Delta won the National Safety Council's Award
pleted at the Atlanta Airport, the first perma ne11t of Honor for a perfect safety record du:·ing 1956.
building to be constructed there in a decade. A The airline ordered an IBM 305 RAMAC s stem.
$400,000 ternporary con co urse was dedicated at th e to h andle reservations e lectronicall y, an ~\ inau g u-
Atlanta A irport to provide increased passenger r a ted a n equ ipment research program.

197
 Four of Frontier Airlines' DC-3's at Fannington, New i\l[exico.

FRONTIER AIRLINES
Backing up the booming developments in ura ni-
um, natural gas, and oil throughout the seven states
in the Rocky lVIountain South-vVest, Frontier Air-
lines set new company records for passengers, mail,
and air cargo carried throughout its system. During
the 12 months ending September, 1957, Frontier
carried 208,390 passengers which was a 14 percent
increase over the number of passengers flown in
the previous year. This best 12-month period in
Frontier's history saw 56,555,000 revenue passenger
miles chalked up by the airline.
Frontier's fleet of 16 Douglas DC-3's flew over President of Ha waiian Airlines
greets fi.ve millionth fJa ssengeT.
100,000 ton miles of air express, close to 300,000
ton miles of United States mail, and over 700,000
ton miles cf air freight during the same period. the peak summer months and a reciprocal arrange-
In dealings with the Civil Aeronautics Board, ment during the Australian carrier's peak months
Frontier was involved in three service cases which of January and February.
would effect new service over parts of Frontier's Hawaiian received a National Safety Council
present system ar.d could add additional route award for its 623,000,000 passenger miles over a
miles to Frontier's operations. In the Seven States 27 year period without a passenger or crew fatality.
Area Case, Frontier applied for new service into At year's end the airline was operating five Con-
Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Min- vair 340's, five DC-3 Viewmasters, one unconverted
nesota. In the lVIontana Service Case, the company DC-3 and two cargo DC-3's.
asked for additional new service throughout west-
ern lVIontana, central Idaho, and into eastern LOS ANGELES AIRWAYS, INC.
Washington. In the Phoenix Service Case, Frontier LAA added helicopter service to four new Cali-
was awarded two-stop authority for n evv service fornia communities during 1957. In May, service
between Phoenix and Denver. was started between Maywood and Los Angeles
International Airport, with initial schedules calling
HAW AllAN AIRLINES for six flights daily.
In October, H awa iian Airlines carried its five In September, the airline started similar service
millionth passenger. on a five-a-day basis to Whittier and in October a
During the year, the compa ny also completed four flight a day service between the airport and
co nversion of five of its Douglas DC-3's to the ·M onrovia was inaugurated. Final new service for
"View master" con figuration, featuring five foot the year was started to Azusa in November.
seven inch picture windows for better sightseeing The additions brought to 22 the number of sta-
over H awa iian's island routes. tions served by LAA's Sikorsky helicopters. Service
A request for extension of Hawaiian's half-fare to five additional stops was contemplated in the
f a mily plan was gra nted by th e Civil Aeronautics ne ar future.
Board in October. In June, LAA received the National Safety Coun-
·, During the year, a n interchange agreemen t was cil's Award of Honor for a fatality-free record in
effected with Ansette Airways_.o f Australia calling the preceding year. At year end, LAA was operat-
for Hawaiian 's use of An se tte : equipment during ing about 1 15 1schedules daily.

198
 MOHAWK AIRLINES
1 Iohawk ph ys ically extended its service beyond
its previous v.este'rn terminal of Buffalo, New York,
to Erie, Pennsylvania, and Detroit, M ichigan, and
al o northward to Ogdensburg, e"' York, o n the
western end of the St. La" renee Seaway and Power
Development Area.
Moha" k traffic, at the end of the fint nine
months of the year, shm·1ed a 21.7 percent in crease
over the similar period in 1956.
The airline also placed in service the fir t group
of i ts newly-mo dified, 46-pas enger Co n a irs, pro-
viding a l 5 percent increase in sea ting capacity per
transport. The carrier nm· operates l 1 Con ·air
240's a nd 11 Douglas DC3 's.
Construction was begun and ,., ork progressed
during the year on Moha''' k 's new '2.8-million
headquarters and maintenance faci li t· a t Oneida
A a.tional aclds Lockheed Su.pe·r Constellation to fl ee t.
County A irport midway between Ut ica and Rome,
1e"v York. \ 1\ ork was scheduled for completion in

1958. The unu su al canti lever construction v. ill be- NATIONAL AIRLINES
come the ixth structure of it type in the co untry.
National's ne'·' "jet age" h angar at Miami Inter-
It will have two hangars capable of housinrr six
c onva1rs. and also will co nta in a ll hops, operating
b national Airport was completed late in the year
and put into sen ice. The hangar, featuring a self-
personnel , and general offices.
supporting poured concrete cantilever roof, was
Early in 1957, Mohawk began operation of a
designed to hou se six Douglas DC-8 jet aircr aft.
new communicat ions system d esigned for economi-
cal use of equipment, circuits, and employees' time. Deliveries on National's $117 -million expansion
The private line teletypewriter system is known as program started in the fa ll with accep tance of the
the Sequentially Coded Automatic Transmitter first fo ur Lockheed 10"19H Super H Constellations.
Start (SCATS) system. It was developed by AT&T The other three were delivered later and at year
and was adapted for use by the local serv ice airline end were in "Super Club Coach" service between
by Remington R. Taylor, Moha,., k superintendent New York a nd M iami. Also delivered were four
of communications, and his staff. Doug1as DC-7B's.
In the fall, 1\'lfohaw.k began a formal management The eigh t new radar-equipped planes gave Na-
trainee program, designed to attract potential man - tional an increase of 2000 seats daily on its routes
agement talent, from the employee group in par- between Florida and northern cities.
ticular, and to train a n d develop thi talent so the In August, a Civil Aeronautics Board examiner
com p a n y will h ave a continuing source of industry recommended an award to National in the Dallas
or coll ege u-ained personnel. l\lloha"' k h as su ccess- to the West Service Case. If approved by the
full y pursued ;:m inform al development program, Board, National would start service from Dallas to
whereby approxi matel y fi percent of the members Los Angeles and San Francisco. In November,
in the m a nagement group were promoted from another examiner rec01nmencled an award to Na-
basic jobs in Mohawk to their pre er'lt po itions. tional in th e Great Lakes-Southeast Servi ce Case
Mohawk continued its program of leas ing air- which wo uld give the airline new routes bet"1een
craft as flying elec troni c "te t beds." One su ch Chicago and Miami .
p la n e recently · became the fi r t a ircraft to be In Atwust, a new $1.5-mi llion executive and orren-
equipped with :=t comp lete closed- ircuit TV instal- era ! office building "'as opened at Miami Inter-
lation. ]<uture a pplications of thi s ma.y lie in the national A irport.
inflight inspection by pilots of landing gear, wing \!\Tinter Package Vacations to Florida and the
and tail asse.rnblies. Another Mohawk plane was Caribbean increased •12 percent over the previous
u sed to d emo n trate GPL's n ew RAD \.N (Radar year. In April, the company ordered a $ 1-million
Doppl e r Autom at ic Nav.igator) unit, which r eceived Link Electro nic Flight Simu lator for the Lo kh.eed
first airl in e tri als late thi s year. Electra.

199
 In June, Nationa l received the Nationa l Air " inside" route to A laska from Twin Cities and
Council's A ·ward of Honor. other mid-west and eastern points. The a irline had
At year end, National was operating 42 planes, been operating the route since 1947 on temporary
including four each of the Lockheed l0<19H a nd auth9r ity. Permanent authority was also received
Douglas DC-7's and -7B's, eight Douglas DC-6B 's, for the "outside" Alaska route from Seattle to
four Douglas DC-6's, six Convair <HO's and 12 Anchorage. DC-6B service was introduced on the
Convair 340's. On order were six Douglas DC-8 "inside" route, and a permanent certificate was re-
jets and 23 Lockheed Electra turboprops. ce ived for service between the United States and
Tokyo.
NORTHWEST ORIENT AIRLINES Receipt by TvVA of authority to extend its route
structure from India and Ceylon to Man ila made
During th e year the company received first de-
possible a " 12-year dream" of using the combined
liveries on a $55-million new equipment order. The
facilities of the two transcontinental and interna-
equipment delivered cons isted of eight Douglas
DC-7C's and seven Douglas DC-6B's, part of an tional carriers to provide round-the-world service
in cooperation with T\1VA (Northwest's orient
order for 14 DC-7C's and 10 DC-6B's.
flights end in Mani la) . Service was expected to
The deliveries brought to 53 the ~o tal tra nsport
start January l.
aircraft ava ilable to Northwest. The inventory
Among Northvvest's service innovations were
included five DC-3's, 15 DC-4's, 16 DC-6B's, e ight
"Imperial Service," first class luxury air travel fea-
DC-7C's, and nine Boeing 377's. The company vvas
turing complimentary ch ampagne, reserved seating
studying the merits of the Boeing 707-320 and
and other extras; Silver Dollar Coach Service, fea-
Douglas DC-8 jet transports and had ordered 21
turing reserved seats and hot meals; a new "Fly
Pratt & Whitney ]75 turbojet engines for delivery
No·w-Pay Later" plan with an interest rate of two
in 1960.
thirds of one percent per month; and the Bank
Northwest also comple ted, during the year,
Ticket Service Plan in the Twin Cities, whereby
equipment of all its p os t-war, pressurized aircraft
passengers may purchase tickets at their banks to
with Bendix X-Band Radar.
save time. The company also opened a unique
Trans-Pacific DC-7C service between Seattle-
ticket office located in "M inneapolis' Southdale
T aco ma and 1\l[anila, via Tokyo and Okinawa in
Shopping Center.
combination first class and tourist configuration
Negotia tions were continued for construction of
was introduced and at year's end Northwest was
the new $18-mi llion general office and overhaul
operating d a ily Seattle-Tokyo service . The a irlin e
base in Twin Cities. Heavy construction was slated
also completed 10 years of serv ice to the orient and
for the spring of 1958.
received a National Safety Council commendation
for fatal ity-free. operation to that area.
A lso introduced was non-stop DC-7C service be- PACIFIC NORTHERN AIRLINES
twee n New York and Seattle and one-stop (Chi- The year marked the company's 25th year of
cago) service between New York and Portland. The service to A laska (Pacific Northern was founded as
Torthwest Family Plan was extended to include Woodley Airways at Anchorage, A laska, in Apri l,
Saturda-ys. 1932).
A perman ent ce rtificate was received for th e The company was honored during its ann iversary
celebration by an award from the Seattle-King
County Chapter of the National Safety Council ~
Northw est st ewardesses on Hawaiian run.
commending the a irline for 25 years of regular
passenger-carrying operations w ithout a passenger
or crew fatality.
Pacific Northern also successfull y concluded a
17 year quest for permanent cert ification when the
President signed H.R. 4520 granting certificates to
PNA and tvvo other carriers for operation of the
States-Alaska routes.
At year's end, the a irline was operat in g four
Lo ckheed Conste ll ations on the States-Alas ka routes
and tvvo Douglas DC-4's and four Douglas DC-3 's
on the intra-Alaska routes.
 In Octob e1·, Pan A m erican beca·m e th e fi-rst com-
m.eTCial airlin e to op emte a fl ight to th e A nta1·ctic
when a Boein g Stmto ClifJp e·r landed on the ice
at i\lf ci\tfw·do Souncl.

PAN AMERICAN WORLD AIRWAYS

The year 1957, 30th anniversary year for Pan
American \,Yorld Airways, was marked by extension
o[ the company's routes and services, the approval
of plans for an $8-million passenger terminal at
New York International Airport and intensive
preparations for the introduction of jet transports.
One of the more important routes inaugurated
by Pan American during the year was the Polar PAA completed plans for its revolutionary new
Route linking the major cities of the \1\Test Coast passenger terminal at Idlewild, designed to handle
of the United States and the capitals of Europe, a fully loaded 160-passenger airliner every 15
with DC-7C Clippers making the trip in 19 hours. minutes. The terminal, which will be completed
In 1957 Pan American also started nonstop serv- late in 1958, features two major new developments:
ice to Rome and Frankfurt from New York and a cantilever roof extending out over the airplanes
direct service to Rome and Paris from Chicago and to protect passengers from the weather and a
Detroit. Direct service between ew York and streamlined design to speed passengers throl!gh
N assau and New York a nd Bar b ados ·was inaugu- the terminal to their planes without the u sual long
rated and Baghdad, Iraq, was added to the airline's walks and stair climbing.
worldwide routes. On October 28, the 30th anniversary of Pan
In October, Pan American became the first com- American's first flight from Key \1\Test to Havana,
. mercial airline to operate a Hight to the Antarcti c the first American-built jet transport, a Boeing
when a Boeing Strato Clipper landed on the ice at 707 consigned to Pan American, was rolled out at
iVIcl\tJurdo Sound with members of the Navy's Renton, v\Tashington .
Antarctic Mobile Construction Battalion (Sea Bees) Pan American had on order 23 Boeing 707
and some civilian passengers. Stratoliners and Intercontinentals at a cost of ap-
Pan American established a trans-Pacific com- proxirnately $HO-million a nd 21 Douglas DC-S's
merci.al speed record in February w~l~J1 - a DC-7C costing- more than $135-million. It was anticipated
covered -the <1920-mile route between Tokyo and that Pan Ameri can will have jet transports in serv-
Seattle in 14 hours and two minutes. ice by the end of 1958 or early in ] 959.

201
 . ~ systeln for handling air waybills. U nd er the n ew
·· system, know n as "Telebill," a ll informa tion con-
tained on the old sta ndard waybill is electronically
transmitted to the destination a nd to Riddle's m a in
accounting office a t M iami, Florid a. The compa n y
estimates savings in the thous ands of man-hours,
since agents will no longer have to compute each
waybill.
Riddle's 1957 opera tions showed a m a rked in-
crease in pounda ge flown, as the company pro-
ceeded w ith development of new routes in the
mid-west a nd a long the east coas t. Sear s, Roebu ck
Company established an a irlift between its A tlanta
·wa rehouse and 29 cities in Florida. As many as
three Riddle pl a nes a night were moving orders to
ca ta log stores. Florida Fashions, a mail order hou se,
also expanded its flight operations. Orders were
being flown to New York, Chicago, D allas and San
Francisco.
A lso in 1957, Riddle received a 39 percent in-
crease in mileage on its USAF contract for the
Panagra fli es over the Andes. LOGAIR program, airlifting military supplies b e-
tween 31 bases. Fifteen a ircraft and 125 persons
,:Vere engaged in this operation, which had its head-
PANAGRA quarters at l\1acon, Georgia, ·with a sa tellite base
In July, Panagra inaugurated the first regularly a t Dayton, Ohio .
scheduled one-plane all cargo service between the
United States and the west coast of South America. SEABOARD & WESTERN AIRLINES
A highlight of the year w as the compa ny's Seaboard & Western completed l 0 years of con-
25,000th crossing of the Andes, highest mountain tinuous trans-Atlantic all-cargo service in 1957.
range in the \1\T estern Hemisphere, on service be- The decade saw a 500 percent increase in trans-
tween Chile and Argentina. The record for the Atlantic air freight.
greatest number of crossings by a single pilot was
During the past year, Seaboard increas-ed its
achieved by Captain Warren B. Smith, who had a
flight schedule to include daily service in each
total of 1680. P a n agra accumulated its record
direction between the U.S. and western Europe.
number of crossings in 28 yea rs from the start of
Monday through Saturday flights were made with
service between Santiago, Chile, a nd Buenos Aires,
Argentin a, on O ctober 12, 1929. Lockheed Super Constellations and the Sunday
flight with a DC-4.
During the year, P anagra completed installation
of the Bendix RDR-1 radar system on all four Five Lockheed l049H's were added to Seaboard's
engine planes in its passenger fleet. fleet during the year. The inventory also included
In June, the comp any put into effect new South four l049D's, one l049E, three Douglas DC-4's and
A merican excursion fa res which save passengers one Curtiss C-46. During its decade of operation
as much as 30 percent of the regular fare. the company grew from an initial investment to a
publicly-owned company with a net worth of more
than $8.1-million.
RIDDLE AIRLINES
In 1957, Seaboard applied to the Civil Aero-
During 1957, Riddle completed its tra nsport nautics Board for route extensions to Berlin, War-
ca tegory ver sio n of: the Curtiss C-46 . D es ignated saw and Moscow, as well as points in Turkey, Italy,
C-46 R, the Riddle T-ca tegory modifica tion is capa- Lebanon, Iraq, Ira n, Kuwa it, Saudi A rabia, Paki-
ble of carrying a n ex tra ton of p ayloa d a t 230 miles stan and India .
per ' h ou r ·in cruise fli ght. The airline flew a record 7,957,433 ton miles in
To tak e' care of incr easi n g a mounts of a ir freight, sch eduled freight during the first nine months of
the a ll-car go line a lso insta ll ed a new electronic 1957, an increase of 35 percent over the comparabl e

202
period in the preceding year. Estimate for the year and trans-Atlantic routes. In October, J etstreams
wa 12 ruillion ton miles, a lso a new high. "ere placed in service on TvVA's polar route from
Seaboard ap pointed R ailwa Express Agency, Ca lifornia to European capitals. At year-end, TWA
with its 23,000 offices, its general sales age nt for was flying l 649A's on non-stop transcontinental
the .S. British Overseas ,-'"irways Corporation routes, non-stop from. Ne''' York to London, Paris,
ac ted as sales age11t in the nited Kingdon.1, while Frankfurt and Rome, and on the polar route. Serv-
ir Fran ce served in the same capacit in co untries ice bet"een New York a nd Zurich and New York
of th e Frend1 nion a nd Mexico. and Madrid, both non-stop s, was planned for early
1958.
A nother ser vice innova tion was installa tion· of
SLICK AIRWAYS Siesta Sleeper sea ts on first class sections of the
Slick's emp h as is during .1957 was on a n extensive tran sco ntinental Jetstream flights. These seats are
program of research into schedule , method-, routes provided a t no additional cost.
a nd procedures. Ground h andlino- a nd in-transi t T\tV A increased its winter capacity, first class-
b
proceduxes a lso came in for a good deal of study. domestic, by <10 percent over the preceding year.
The "Flying Gu a rdsman" prog ram, providing Trans-Atlantic and intern a tional route cap acity
for personal supervision O\ er cargo loading, off- was increased b y 109 percent.
loading and en route, by a Sli ck cargo handling In 1957, TWA received authorization from the
expert assigned to each flight, was introduced. The Civil Aeronautics Board to extend its interna tion a l
services of the Gu a rdsm an were provided for all routes beyond India and Ceylon to Bangkok ~nd
Slick a ir freight. His supervision extended to Manila. In conjunction with Northwest Onent
checking and expediting paper work. The program
was_ designed as a further safegu ard to shippers Seaboa-rd & Wes ten1 has a. fl ee t of ten Supe1·
agamst short-shipping, over-carrying, damage and
Constellations.
pilferage.
Al1other program stemmin g from the year's re-
rearch was "Sm·fAir." This tied in local and re-
gio ~ a l tru cking firms who h a ndle pick-up and
dehve_ry and helped expedite shipments with a
coord m a ted service under which one call sufficed
t~ move them door-to-door from origin to destina-
tiOn. It gave the shipper the convenience of a one-
responsibility, one-bill operation covering 5000
production and m arket points.
During the year, D . \1\T. R en tzel, who h ad been
ser~ing a~ chairman of the board, agajn assumed
act ive gmdance of the compa ny's policies as presi-
dent, carrying out the duties of both o ffices . A hvin
v\T. Johnson •vas n amed a member of the board of
eli rectors.

TRA.NS WORLD AffiLINES

TvVA's year "vas highlighted b inaug ura tion of
service with the new Lockheed 16·19A "Jetstream,"
64-74 passenger very long range transpor t with a
350 mile per h o ur cruise speed.
Service began in June o n both transcontinental
 . . · a uaur"a te a n e" ·, .a ll ~tandard equiprnent on every p lane . The r a d ar
Anhnes, TvVA planned to 1n ° 1 -world se rvrce Ins t a ll a tton
· was foretnost an1.ong a nun1.b e r of
U -S . flag, a ll r a d ar-; u i d ec, l l "OUlld-t 1.e CO IU pany a dvances regt· sterecl Ill . t l'l e year.
on January I , 1958. base at Mid- Traffic vo lun1.es were well a bove the r eco rd 1 · I
1
Tl1.e airli ne's big nev,r overhau K 1.sas City, 1M.15" of 1956 · . . , .
1n a l Vca terrones except exp1 ess. In A
1. rg 1. 5
. rt ar . u · o ugu st
Continent Interna tional Airpo ' ,t ·, J or::>erauon
. . . to par 1 1 G • • . . ni ted flew 518,500,000 p asse n ger . mil es- rnore
so un, was co1npleted a nd put · Illns at t 1. e ,,$?5-nullwn _ traffi c th a n a n y a irline h a d eve r ea rn ed in a .
1 Stno-l e
durino- the year. Firs t operauo 1 dedi ca tion n1.onth . a
o l ·le forma
base started in the summer, w u Traffi c tota ls for 1957 ( las t three mont! .
·was planned for the spnng · of 19 58 · includ ed u1 e . 'ls e s u-
· . . l 1. aw base . n~a~ed) we re: revenue p asse n .ser md es,_4,903,0oo, oo o -
1\if a Jor compon e nts of t 1. ~ 1 ~ b y 42 0 feet, b e ig ht to n mil es 56,3 0 -1,000; m a d ton . '
1 000
Airfr a m e Overha ul Build 1ng, d rel a ted shops 29, 495, 000 ; exr::> r ess,to n n1i!es, 10,565,000. A ln1. t~ es,
.
I"lo u s1n:s t \·v o complete •a noI aars an . strum e nts, I1y- . . . . . ·b - ceclJn e
I l l ex p1 ess to n 111 Il es reflected 1a or trollb J
. . . Pnt, rn ,
for overhaul of radiO e::j urpm - _ d the Pow e r p ~ ri en ce d b y th e ex r) ress age n cy ea rl y in th es ex-
"tes a n f . · ·. . e Yea r
draulic a nd elec t r ical accesso~ ' tota l area o · Twenty-seve n n evv lour- e n g tne a n cr a[t \ve re .
Plant Overh a ul Building, w1 th a
livere d to U nited in 1957, expa n d in g the fl de-
2 00 000 squ are feet o n n ,..· o floors. $ 12-rnl'11.ron 18 .
6 p lanes. The year-end fl eet con srstec[ oE
. eet t
o
, . . f 0 r its n e'"' ,
TWA also unveil ed p lans . a ! A irpor t . Con- ~C-6A_'s, 37 DC-6B's, 42 D C-6's, 4 7 _D C-7 's a ndfiv:
t erm ' n a l at New , York Int ernauonc . A pi1 , ·1 ' .1958, a nd Co nv a ir 34-0 's . The las t D C-4 wa s Withdrawn f _ 5o
stru ct ion was sch ed ul ed t o start I~uled for c01n p le"
10
sch ed ul es in O cto ber a nd th e comp a n y's fl rn.
ee t b e.
firs t phase of the fac il i t y was. sc~e designed b y Ee_ro ca me a ll-p ressurized.
t ion by micl-19 59. Th e tennrna,' F the av.r ard w m - Th e exteriors of ~ om.e 50 !vi a inlin er s \·v er
s aarinen · ·
and Asso c rates, CI"ea tO I s 0 center,
-
,.,·a 5 ex- •
painted in th e yea r as p ;::n OIr a c on1pany.,"icl Qe l'e-
-
nmg Genera l Mpto r s
R earch
e~ " . J 9(0 . gram, develor::>ecl by R aymon_cl L o~wy Ass ~ Pro_
Loewy, famed industrial de ~ t g n er, prev iollsl Ociates,.
pectecl to b e in fu ll ope!-a ti Oil I ll
devised new sty ling for ·M a inl in er cabins. 1-/ h. acl..
AIR LINES · c r eated a n ew d ecor for tick e t offices a nd n e a l s 0
UNI, TED
-"- . ts $5-milhon
a ir- e,v
1 form s for pilots a nd stewardess es . 1..ll1.i-
U nited Air Lin es co mpleted making rad a r
. N vernber,
borne radar pro gram 1n °
· l b u ildi n g at New Yol-k International A iTjJO l·t
tenntna ·
Kf A's· new
Model o f Tlo- ·
 air-truck service extended the advantages of air
freight transportation to hundreds of communities
which lacked direct air service.
A multi-million dollar expansion of United's
maintenance base got under way in early spring on
a 40-acre site near San Francisco's International
Airport. The construction program, to be com-
pleted in 1958, includes a flight kitchen, an aircraft
"asher, various line maintenance facilities and a
hangar large enough to house two DC-Ts and four
DC-8 jet transports.
$2-million h a ngar, designed to United's speci-
fications b y the Port of Ne''' York Authority, was
begun a t Ne''' ark. Arrangetnents also were com-
pleted with the Port Authority for construction of
a $10-miWon p assenger terminal on a 27-acre site
at N e" York 's International Airport. This build-
ing, the larges t passenger handling facility ever
operated b y United, will be ready for use in 1959.
An " era-Gangplank," developed by Lockheed
A ir Termina ls, Inc., had its first airline testing
when United installed the structure at O'Hare
Racla1· lS standm·d e quipment on nit e d's plan es. In tern a tiona! Airport, Chicago. The so-ca lled
gangplank is a self-powered telescoping span w hich
bridges the gap between the aircraft door and the
second level of the passenger concourse. Travelers
First non stop flights between L os A n geles and are sheltered against the weather and spared the
Oma ha were scheduled b y nited in \.pril, fol- effort of clirnbing stairs.
lo we d in September b y the fir t non top flights United's motorized loading stand represented
b e t wee n New York and Seattlej Tacoma. Nonstop a nother innovation in boarding and deplaning pas-
ser v ice betwee n Detroit-Los Angeles a lso" as intro- sengers. Unlike ordinary stands ·whi ch have to be
duced. Opera tions on the company's n e-v · eas tern shoved and pushed across the ramp, the motorized
route were ina ugurated with fli g hts b etween Bos- versions have two electric motors. One provides
ton-N e'w York a nd New York-Washington. forward or reverse speed of two n1.iles an hour; the
DC-7 Custom Coach ·w as introduced in A pril, other raises or lowers the top of the stairs to the
offering su ch innovations as b ass inets for babies height of the plane door.
a nd mea l service a t nominal cost. Initial service in Two RA1VIAC machines were installed at the
86-passenger DC-7's was between NeY\ York a nd customer service center in the con1.pany's Denver
San Fra n cisco. No n stop Custom Coach flights be- Opera ting Base for more efficient control of sys tem-
tween New York-Los Angeles were added l a ter and wide reservations . At any given time, each RA1VIAC
the ne-v' service a lso b ecame availa ble a t Chicago contains detailed data on approximately 600,000
a nd Bo ton. reservations. Together, the giant IB1VI machines
Shippers in the New England area welcomed the can "memorize" 10,000,000 units of information.
extension of DC-6A Cargoliner ervice in July. Preparing for the jet age, United (llso tested
The all-cargo flights operated fro m B m ton and many other types of new equipment and conducted
H artford-Springfield to Clevel and and Chicago, extensive research to facilita·te the inauguration of
·w here connections were m a de with DC-6. flights to DC-8 jet service in 1959. A closed-circuit television
California. Return trips from the vV ·t Coast system was ordered as an accessory of the DC-8
stopped a t Chi cago and New York en route to electronic flight simulator the compa ny would re-
Boston. ceive from Link Aviation in 1958. Pilots training
Agreements with Consolidated Freightways and in the simulator would see a realistic airport via
North American Van Lines enabled United to offer television projection as the y landed and took off.
new air-truck and air-van servi e. The latter was United closed the yea r with 2 1,000 e mplo , ees at
designed for fast shipment of household good s. The 80 cities on a 14, 000-mile system.

205
 HELICOPTERS
The yea1· 1957 marked increased utilizatio n a nd Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Department o[
acceptance of the h e licopter as a transport vehicle Agriculture a nd the Tennessee Valley Authority
on many fronts-Gove r nment, airline, cominet·cbl, At the loca l level,
. the New York a nd Los Ano· ae 1es.-
corporate and in the export market. police departments a nd the Port of New York i\ .u-
One of the bigges t boosts for the acceptance of thority were u sing h elicopters f?r. traffic survey,_
the helicopter came during 1957 vvhen the vVhite personnel transport and rescue miSSIOns.
House accepted assignment of a helicopter for the Chicago H:licopter _A~rways b ecame the third
President's use in civi defense and short h a ul tra ns- scheduled h e hcopter a1rlme . to provid e airpo tt
. to
portation. H e licopter enthusiasts saw in this 1nove downto,.vn passenger service . Certificated in 19
. d . l . 49·
a tacit admission on the part of those responsible to carry mall an cargo wit J.In a 50-mile r acl i
. . us of
for the Presid ent's safety that the single-engine heli- Chicago, CHA mauguratc: d passenger servi .
. ~ 1n
copter-even under power failure conditions-was November, 1956, carrymg 429 passengers. In 0
as safe a vehicle as the twin and four-engin e planes tober, 1957, the line transported 7885 passeno- c-
over its triangular route-Midway-Chicao·o L aers.
he had been flying. .d . . "' Oot--.
In 1957, Tennessee became the first state to pro- O'Hare-1\tll way- 1)rmgmg the total passe < no·err-
cure a helicopter under the Civil Defense matching transported since November, 1956 through Octob _s.
am Under this program, states buying 1957 to 4<1,276. et.
f un d s pro gr . . Chicago Helicopter Airways' monthly pass
. t and making them available on a stand- . . eno·e-
h e I 1cop ers operatiOn was equal to 37,000 miles per montl1 a t
· t Civil Defense for rescue and local dis-
b y b as1s o . . . one and one-half times around the world ye
0
1:"
enc ies benefit by C1v1l Defense shanng . . , t tl
aster emerg
Tennessee's Highway Patrol now helicopters on the 86 dally passe nger flights 1.~
the cost 50150 · . . never more than 16 mr·1 es f-rom theu- · base of "'-'er- ~
ee helicopters on th1s bas1s. 0
operates th r . tion at Midway Airport. Per·a.-
civilian governmental agencies op-
Among ot1.er l The two other domestic scheduled helico _
. h . ters during 1957 were the U. S.
eraung e 11cop U S Geological Survey, the airlines-Los Angeles Airways, Inc. a nd New ,~ter­
F ores try Service, t I1.e · · -tor- ~

Sikorsky helicojJter creates wave jJatterns as it hovers nea1· water.

Lat e in th e yem·> thre e new world altitude records we1·e set by Capt a in jam es Bowman in a C essna YH-41 Sen eca helicopter.

A irways, Inc.-reported a co ntinuin g increase in Use and acceptance of helicopters in the foreign
their passenger service. For th e first nine months n1.arkets showed a d efinite in cr ease in 1957. U. S.
of 1957, L os A ngeles A irw a-ys recorded a 23 percent exports for the first nine months of 1957 increased
increase in the num.ber of passengers carried cmn- 57 percent in value and 30 percent in units over
p a red to the twel ve rnonths of 1956. New York the same period in 1956. Value of helicopter ex-
Airways, Inc. showed a 25 percent increase in p as- ports during the Janu a ry through Septer:nber period
sengers for the comparable period. was $32.246-million for 179 units compared with
Based on a survey conducted by the H elicopter $20.511-million for 138 in the first nine months of
Council of A l A, more th a n 380 heli copters were 1956. These figures -did not include used or new
being operated by the 89 commercial h eli cop ter helicopters exported by dealers, owners or through
opera tors in North America. Abou t 50 percent of military aid but direct factory shipments only.
these com.pa nies are operating o n e o r two helicop- The milita ry services continued the dominant
ters. The world's l argest operator had 43 heli- user of helicopters during 1957 ; 80 percent went
copters . to the Department of Defense in 1956. However,
Follm·vin g the advent of the fir t co n.1 m ercia1 in the Helicopter Council's specia l report '' Heli-
helicopter i n l9L!6, a handful of p i oneers bega n copters in the Air Traffic Control Sys tem, 1957-
u sing the helicopte r in agricultura l flying in 1947. ·1965," submitted to the Aviation Facilities Pian-
From this modest beginning, a world-·wi de industry ning Group, forerunner of the A irwa-ys l\1oclerniza-
emerged a riel in 1957 comm.ercial h eli copter oper- tion Board, the follovving forecasts ·w ere made : b y
atio ns reached an annual level 1neasurecl in many 1965, helicopter utili za tion w ill b e divided as fol-
millions of dollars. l ows : 4 0 percent will go to the D e p artm en t of
A small but prophetic trend is the incteasing use Defe n se; 27.5 percent .to corporations; 22 .5 percent
of helicopters by priva te corporations . A few yea rs to the com rn ercial users; 8 percent t o the a ir car-
ago, there were but three co rpor a tio ns operating riers and 2 percent t o priv ate o ·w n ers . The corpo-
heli copters in their execu tive a ircr::t ft fl ee t. In 1957 r a te market was thus estima ted to become th e l arg-
there w ere mo re th an 4-0. est u ser of non -mih tary helicopters by 1965 .

207
 Kaman I-I-43B uses its ext enwl
cm·go hook for easy loading.

In the II year period from 1946 to 1957, heli- continued its work vvith the American Society of
copter sales averaged 550-600 units per year. For Planning Officials, the National Association of State
the period 1957-1965, helicopter sales from all Aviation Officials, the Urban Land Institute, the
sources were expected to average 1100 to 1200 Helicopter Association of America (operators) and
annually. other civic groups to bring about needed revisions
To keep pace with this grow th, the Helicopter in many state and local laws to recognize the
Council cited the following requirements in its re- unique flight characteristics of the helicopter and
port to the Aviation Facilities Planning Group: free it from regulations applicable to and suitable
I. Special Civil Air Regulations developed from for fixed wing craft, but unduly restrictive in the
rotary wing performance criteria and tailored helicopter field.
to comply with anticipated usage. Federal recognition of the importa nce of sched-
2. Exclusive low altitude air space, through which uled helicopter passenger operations was a feature
areas all fixed wing flight will be prohibited. of Public Lavv #85-307, passed during 1957, pro-
3. Self-contained navigational systems, acceptable viding Government guaranty of 90 percent of
as to weight and space limitations, based upon equipment loans up to $5-million to air carriers_
hyperbolic engineering concepts. This will enable many of the smaller carriers, fixed
4. Navigational accuracy under flight conditions · wing as well as helicopter, to adequately modernize
now design ated I.F.R., which will permit safe their air carrier fleet. ·
"on-off" h eliport operations without reduction U ncler the terms of the will of the late Lawrence
in acceptance rate. D. Bell, an award in memory of his brother Grover
To meet this future expa nsion in the use of heli - Bell, one of the early pioneers of aviation, was
copters, city-center a nd suburban heliports will b e established. To foster and encourage research and
urgently need ed to permit the full utilizat ion of experimentation in the important a nd relatively
the helicopter as a tra nsport vehicle. To ass ist city new field of heli copter development, an award will
planners in establishing heliports in their com- be m ade annually to the person or persons making
munities, a special H eliport Committee of the H eli- an outstanding co ntribution to h elicopter develop-
copter Council was n amed . The Committee was ment during the preceding calendar year in the
preparing a "Heliport Design Guide" which was United States.
scheduled for distribution early in 1958. The nominations for the award shall be made
In many states today, the helicopter is still ca te- each yea r by the Presidents of the Institute of the
gor ized and regula ted under the Jaws adopted for Aeronautical Sciences and The American H elicop-
"aircraft" in the clays prior to the introdu ct io n of ter Soci e ty and the Chairman of the Helicopter
rotary-w ing flight. The Heli copter Council in 1957 Council oF the AlA.

208
 GENERAL AVIATION
General aviation, defined ' as aU civil a iation individual owners.
with the excep tion of the a irlines, continued its Operationally, business flying during 1957 logged
phenomenal growth throughout 195 7. A t year-end, 5,000,000 hours, 800,000,000 miles and two billion
the act i e general av iation fleet approximated passenger miles.
65,000 units and fiigh ts ''ere being conducted at In recognition of the safety records amassed by
the rate of 10,000,000 annual hour . member organizations, NBAA gave Safety Award
Greatest percentage of the general aviation fleet Certificates to 131 pilots, 43 of whom had flown
continued to be in the single engine category. 1,000,000 miles or more in business aircraft without
About 70 percent of Class I and Class II airo·aft an accident. The remainder had flm, n more than
(large multi-engine and light t\·\ in engine) was used 500,000 miles.
for business tran sportation and another 17 percent Some 15,000 business airo-aft were equipped with
was u sed for charter and air taxi work. :M ore than instruments necessary for Civil Aeronautics Admin-
one-half of the Class III units (single engine, three istration IFR flight. About half of all pilots ·who
or more places) and about one-fourth of the Class hold an air transport certificate were engaged in
IV planes (single engine, one or two places) •vere general aviation flying, largely in the business air-
also used for business transportation. Onl y about craft category. There were 9000 professional pilots
I 0 percent of Class I and II aJld 30 percent of engaged in business flying.
Class III were used for non-business personal pur- Total investment by business plane 0\•\ ners was,
poses. a t year-end, about $800-million. About $500-million
About 43 percent of Class I and II fleet units was spent during the year in direct support of busi-
was owned by companies and about 33 percent ness aircraft operations.
individually owned. The aviation base operation The percentage of acceptance of business aircraft
business maintained the balance for taxi, cargo and by various industry groups was in the following
charter work. order during 1957: manufacturing, contract, con-
There were more than 200,000 pilots flying in struction, wholesale trade, mining, transportation,
the general aviation fleet. communication, public utilities, services, agricul-
Deliveries of utility aircraft during 1957 were ture, forestry and fisheries, and finance and real
estimated by Aircraft Industries Association at estate.
6200 units. This was down slightly from 1956
deliveries, but dollar volume of sales climbed to
about $ 125-million from the preceding year's $100-
million level. A five-year comparison showed a Business aiTcraft display at NBAA convention in D enveL
better reflection of growth. In 1952, 3000 units
valued at $33-million were delivered.
New studies of the growth trend of general avia-
t ion indicated that the fleet will number between
105,000 and 120,000 units b y 197~ and that flying
hours will reach a 25,000,000 annual level in that
year.
At year-end, the business aircraft fleet numbered
some 25,000 aircraft and another 10,000 planes did
some business fl yi ng during the year. The National
Business Aircraft Association reported that the fleet
consisted of 3500 multi-engine aircraft and 21 ,500
single-engine planes, most of whi ch were in th e
four-five place high-performance category. The
trend, however, was away from single-engine
planes.
Ownership of this fleet ·was divided among 10,000
companies who own and operate their own aircraft
as an integral part of their operations, and 10,000

209
GOVERNMENT
AND AVIATION

AIR COORD.INATING COl\DIITTEE Traffic Control and Navigation Panel, approved

Common System operational requirements for
As in previous years, a great deal of the Com- VOR T AC. These requirements establish the di-
mittee's work \\'as generated by United States mem- mensions of VOR TAC airways and system ac-
bership in the International Civil Aviation Or- curacies for both the azimuth and distance-meas-
ganization. During 1957, 13 formal positions for urino- functions as well as minimum performance
b
as many major international technical conferenLes limits for ground and airborne equipment, and
were developed and approved. Positions were also piloting allowance. These limits "·ill _make ~os­
approved with regard to U. S. approval or disap- sible better radio navigation on the a1rways, nn-
proval of amendments to eight of the technical provements in air traffic control, and improved use
annexes to the Chicago Convention. of the nation's airspace.
Two of the ICAO conferences were of special in- Component characteristics for the Common
terest. As a result of the special ICAO North System Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
Atlantic Fixed Services ::\Jeeting held in January, (A TCRBS) were approved, and the system adopted
three "forward scatter" radio stations and a new for application in the United States Common
Atlantic cable will be combined to provide a di- System of air traffic control and navigation.
rect voice and four teletype channels between A proposal by the CAA to provide navigational
Europe and North America. Under a jointly- aid coverage for VFR flight down to 700 feet ab~ve
financed program, the forward scattet- stations will terrain on Victor airways was approved and 111-
be built in Canada, Greenland and Iceland with corpor:-~ted in the Federal Airways Plan for F.Y.
the cable laid between Iceland and Scotland. The 1957-1961. Approval was also g1ven to: a CAA
entire network is to be in operation early in 1960. propos:-~! to incorporate both voice and. _c~de
Another international responsibility of the Com- identification at all federally-owned VOR faohttes;
mittee was to furnish United States positions for publication of a technical descriptim~ of TAC~N
our representatives on the N;\TO Committee on prepared for the ACC by the Racho Tecluucal
European Airspace Coordination (CEAC). Posi- Commission for Aeronautics; acceptance of the·
tions for seven meetings of CEAC were supplied. NBS reports on coverage characteristics and chan-
Domestically, the Committee appnwed a new nel requirements for VOR :-~rHl TACAN in c~m­
National Standard for Taxi\\·ay Lighting and ac- hination; and CAA progress reports on evaluaung
cepted the final report of the Joint Industry/ 111 eans and methods of integrating· air traffic con-
Government Tall Structures Committee (.llGTSC) trol and air defense functions.
which was cre:-~tecl hy the Committee in 1955. This Actions processed in the Committee's Airspace
report represents agreement between the avi:-~tion Panel during I 957 exceeded the 1956 figure by
and broadcast interests on principles, procedures approximately 27 percent. :\feetings held in 1957
and criteria to bo-uide and protect both industries exceedetl the number covered in 1956 by a pproxi-
front the hazards inherent in the erection of very mately '12 percent.
tall antenna towers into the airspace. In 1%7. the Committee's Airport Use Panel,
In the field of :-~ir trallic control and navigation charged with the responsibility of recommending
aid pbnning·. the Committee, through its Air the actions necessary to insure the most feasible

211
development and use of the nation's airports, com- to speed up and simplify clearance of international
pleted the following actions: solved the problems traffic at border crossing points, revised their
in connection with the placing of military air re- regulations and administrative practices and pro-
serve training units at seven different airports; re- cedures resulting in the following actions:
viewed problems involved in the establishment of Re\'isecl and simplified United States immigra-
twenty new municipal airports and thirteen new tion and nationality regulations, to become effec-
military fields; studied the problems in connection tive December I, 1957, relating· to the entry and
with runway improvements at ten different loca- departure oi passengers and air-crewmen; elimi-
tions; and coordinated the three military construc- nated the requirement for presentation of a pas-
tion programs and the Federal-aid Airport Pro- senger manifest by air carriers; reduced the amount
gram_ of information and eliminated two signatures from
In the economic area during 1957, coordination the passenger arrivaljdeparture cards; as to aliens
was effected on four quarterly programs covering 111 direct and continuous transit through the
domestic and foreign civil aviation requirements Unite!d States on a bonded carrier, eliminated the
for priorities in the production of civil transport requirement of a valid passport, substituting there-
aircraft and concurrent spare parts. These pro- for on~y the necessity that the alien have a docu-
grams, developed under the Committee's policy ment establishing his ability to enter some country
providing for equality of treatment for the pro- other than the United States; extended to all
duction of civil transport aircraft "·ith that of countries in the "·orld the waiver of passports and
similar military aircraft, "·ere recommended to the visa requirements and any additional documenta-
Aircraft Production Resources Agency of the De- tion for resident aliens visiting abroad for less than
partment of Defense for implementation by the one year; continued to press for expansion of the
allocation of critical raw material and common present preflight inspection procedures in effect in
components. These recommendations covered the Canada and Bermuda, to include Mexico City,
construction and delivery of 978 multi-engine civil Havana, and Nassau; wai\·ed the fingerprinting
transport aircraft as follm,·s: requirement in the case of certain non-immigrant
aliens.
1957 385
In the legal field, certain IC.AO States believed
1958 255 that clarification of the \1\Tarsa\\· Cmwention was
1959 274 required in order that it might deal adequately
1960 (lst quarter) ·------------ _. 64 with a problem arising from the growing practice
978 of international operators to increase utilization of
their aircraft by hire, charter and interchange ar-
The Committee continued to advise the Export- rangc:ments. The difficulty involved arises from the
Import Bank regarding proposals for financing the fact that it is not clear whether the term "carrier,"
sale of aeronautical equipment exported by United when used in the Convention and the Protocol,
States manufacturers. During 1957, ICAO received refers to the person who contracts with the passen-
the recommendations and conclusions of the Final ger or shipper or to the person who actually per-
Report of the International Airport Charges Con- forms the transportation. During 1957, the Com-
ference held late in 195fi. It was agreed that charg- mittee studied and advised ICAO concerning the
ing systems at international airports must be non- nature and extent of the problem in this country.
discriminatory and should take into account the and prepared United States positions for two ICAO
cost of providing the services and facilities re- legal meetings on the subject which culminated in
quired, as well as the earning capacity of the air- a proposed international convention.
craft or other value accruing to the operator of the In September 1957, the Eleventh Session of the
aircraft from the use of the airport; charges should ICAO Legal Committee was convened at Tokyo,
not be imposed in such a way as to discourage use Japan. In addition to the subject of charter and
of facilities necessary for safety; and the charging hire mentioned above, the Committee prepared a
system should, insofar as possible, be simple and United States position on other agenda items in-
suitable for general application in international cluding the law and jurisdiction applicable to
airports. crimes committed on aircraft in international
The Committee's member agencies of the flights, future course of action regarding an aerial
Facilitation Subcommittee, in keeping with ICAO's collisions convention, and the legal aspects of the
program and in support of United States policy rules for electing representatives to the ICAO

212
Council. The Commiuee also considered and ap- Xortheast, where a large-scale eradication cam-
}-•rm·ed legislation proposed hy the Federal Com- paign was carried out against the gypsy moth.
llllll :ica tions Commission, authorizing the Commis- Grasshoppers, the Mormon cricket, the l\Iediter-
sion to control the installation_, height and location ranean fruit fly, and the Japanese beetle were other
of receiving antenna towers, principal targets. ARS pilots and aircraft flew
_-\t year-et:d the Air Coordinating Committee was 1H,OOO miles in supervising contract spra):ing. In
nmlpo.;ed of members of ele,·en Gu,·ernment Agen- addition, they surveyed almost 28,000 square miles
des having an important imerest in a\·iation. of forest land to assess gypsy-moth damage and
need for control.
Preparations began for eradication of the screw-
AIRW.-\ YS 1\IODEH~iZATIO:\ BOARD
worm, a serious livestock pest, in the southeastern
.\in,·a '"' ~r odern iza tion Board "·as established United States. It was planned to release from the
.\ugust 1·1, 1~15/ to fi:J an urgent need for unifica- air some 50 million screw-"·orm flies a week over
tion of research and de,·elopment effort on the a 50,000-square-mile area, mainly in Florida. Leased
nation's aviation facilitie~. airplanes fitted with automatic dispensers ·will re-
Formation of .-\~[B followed reports to the Presi- lease the insects at an altitude of about 1000 feet.
dent in I ~l51i and I D5 7 by the Rockefeller Commit- ~fating of female flies with sterilized males is
tee, headed by '\ illiam Harding. and the .-\viation
1
expected eventually to exterminate the species.
Facilities Planning group headed by Edward P. A fan-shaped spreader was developed by USDA
Curtis on needs of gro\\·ing l'. S. a\·iation activity. in cooperation "·ith the Texas .-\gricultural Experi-
Recommended to the President was a Special ment Station to distribute granulated insecticides
.·hsistant for Aviation Planning to advise on avia- evenly from aircraft to control the white-fringed
tion matters and prepare draft legislation leading beetle, and possibly a number of other insects.
to a national aviation agency. First move "·as to Another distributor for application of both
appoint Ehmod R. Quesada as Special Assistant granular materials and dusts was developed in co-
and estabishment of A~fB ''"ith three board mem- operation with the Oregon Experiment Station.
bers. Flight tests with the triangular distributor pro-
These are Louis S. Rothschild, Under Secretary of duced no undesirable flight characteristics and re-
Commerce for Transportation, \fakolm A. ~Icln­ duced the amount of drag to approximately that
tne, Under Secretary of the :\ir Force, and produced by a full wingspan undendng spray
Quesada. boom.
A\-IB is intended to bridge the gap between now Aerial spraying of herbicides by commercial
and establishment of a similar technical organiza- planes, to control brush on range land, gave good
tion as part of a joint ci\·il-military aviation agency. results in experimental flights. Land sprayed with
The new agency planning will be presented to 2,4,5-T yielded 3 to 8 times as much forage as did
Congress in 1959, and may be known as the Federal unsprayed vegetation.
Aviation Agency. Other countries benefitted from knowledge of
U. S. techniques in agricultural aviation. A civil
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE aviation representative of the Australian orrovern-
ment spent two months on a USDA-planned tour,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE studying agricultural uses 0f aircraft in the United
States. Visitors from other countries have made
The Agricultural Research Service used both
similar studies in the past.
cnmme,·cially and federally-owned aircraft to com-
hat agricultural pests during 1957, and shared its In Tunisia, USDA pilots in light planes sprayed
"know-how" in agricultural aviation with other 4·0,000 acres with insecticides to control destructive
countries. USDA researchers explored new uses for swarms of locusts (grasshoppers) . Pilots and tech-
aircraft, improved techniques for dispersal of agri- nicians trained hy USDA personnel have helped
cultural chemicals, and weighed some of the special to make other countries of the l\Iiddle East largely
problems of agricultural aviation in the jet age. self-sufficient in insect control by aircraft.
More than ·I Y2 million U. S. acres were treated To prevent transportation of live insect pests on
with insecticides hy aircraft under joint Agricul- aircraft nf the future, scientists explored insects'
tural Research Sen-ice and State contracts during tolerance to heat and cold. If the heat generated
1957. Almost two-thirds nf this acreage was in the hy frictio:1 of supersonic aircraft, or of planes

213
 Agriculture DejJartment reloads " flying boxcm·" with insecticide for aerial spraying.

parked in the sun for long periods, reaches 60 °C. tured activity of the Civil Aeronautics Administra-
(about I40 °F.) for as long as 15 minutes, it will tion during 1957.
kill all insects not protected from it, tests showed. Equipped with a record appropriation of $278,-
Cold of high altitudes was similarly fatal. Insects 425,136 for fiscal 1957 and a five-year program of
in unpressurized and unheated areas of jet fighter improving and equipping the airways, the CA.A
aircraft, except near electronic equipment, were concentrated on purchase and installation of more
dead after 45 to 55 minutes at 26,000 to 45,000 and better airway aids, the planning of airways
feet, and in such areas of jet bombers after 3 hours and air traffic control methods to handle the ex-
at 40,000 feet. pected normal increase in air transportation, and
A plant inspection station was established at the appearance on the airline routes of the new
New York International Airport to afford better and larger jet transports. Midway in the year, the
protection against escape of agricultural pests and advance plan was revised to look six years ahead
to render better service to importers. More than ii1 line with the policy of anticipating aviation's
290,000 .lots of prohibited plants and plant prod- growth continuously in order to have facilities
ucts were intercepted by plant quarantine inspec- ready to serve it.
tors at airports-an increase of a lmost 19 percent The CAA committed $75.7-million for establish-
over the previous year. 0 f the Ill ,000 airplanes ing n ew airway aids in fiscal 1957, and was steadily
inspected on arrival from overseas, 38 percent car- increas ing personnel for installation and operation
ried unauthorized plant materials. Airborne bag- of airways facilities. CAA employment had climbed
gage inspected for contraband plant materi al to- to 21,000 by July I, ·with an indication that it
taled 7,500,000 pieces. would reach 24,000 by the same elate in 1958.
The trend toward export shipment of lives tock The importance and the difficulty of planning
to foreign countries by air rather than by ocean for the future was emphasized by James T. Pyle,
vessel continued, necessitating assignment of addi- Administrator of Civil Aeronautics, when -. he said
tional animal quara ntine inspectors to airports for in a speech, "The most changeable thing in the
in spec ting and testing animals for export. Also world seems to be a civil aviation statistic. \1\Te're
inspected by animal quarantine inspec tors were in a fast league forecasting in an industry that
76,000 a irplanes arriving in foreign commerce. shows such growth as civil aviation."
Report of Edward P. Curtis, Special Assistant to
CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION the President for Aviation Facilities Planning, and
Vigorous planning and buying in the progra rn organization of the interim Airways :Modernization
of modernizing the nation's airways was the fea- Board brought CAA duties into larger focus na-
214
tionally. and had an important efl:ect on the agen- lll de,·elopment of urgently needed airways im-
q \ program of ain,·ay aids improvement and ad- provements such as daylight radar display, and of
v~ulcc planning. aircraft safety methods and equipment. The C.-<\A
Grcm·th of the industry \\·as reflected in the fig- leased a computer from the Canadian Government,
ures by which the CA.-\ measures its workload in which had spent S5.5-million in its development,
operation of the federal ain,·ays. such as landings for Sl a year for 15 years. The computer ,,·ill be
and takeoff operations at the 189 airports where converted to an air traffic control simulator.
the C,\.\ operates the control towers. Against The CAA prepared standards for high speed
~~.O-l5.7g I such operations in 1956, there \\·ere an turnoff taxiways on airports to speed up landings
estimated 25.262,000 in 1957 recorded at C\.-\ tow- and ground handling of aircraft and delved into
ers. Instrument approaches (the part of a flight the difficult problem of better rmm·ay lighting
from "·hen a pilot leaves his en route altitude until with te~ts at \Vashington National Airport and
he starts on his actual landing) have increased Andrews Air Force Base.
rapidly. from -129,37-1 in 1953, to 816,756 in 1956, Ne\\' planes lifted the CAA's airway checking
and an estimated 1,188,000 in 1957. activities to altitudes never before explored. Two
In an effort to keep a finger constantlv on the Martin B-57 jet-po"·ered bombers, loaned to the
pulse of the grm,·ing aviation industrv, ~he Plan- CA.-\ by the Air Force, went into service checking
ning and Development Office was est;tblished. It flight aid signals at 40,000 feet and up, while the
was assigned responsibility for spearheading studies first CA.-\ Convair started its work in the altitudes
of such matters as requirements for civil jet flvino· bet\\·een 10,000 and 20,000 feet.
air trafllc control, airport runway and clesio·I~ r:~
New problems in helicopter operation, including
quirements for jet use, aeromedical factors ~ssoci­
those of traffic control and instrument flight, were
ated with high performance aircraft operations, and
placed under study. The question of safe helicop-
other problems "·hich must be solved for the fu-
ter routes over cities was also being studied.
ture. This office was ordered to work closely with
the Airways Modernization Board, the resear~h and Pilots were given new types of examinations to
development and planning organizations of the qualify for licenses, examinations that teach, as
military departments and other agencies both with- well as test. A study to find out whether beginners
in and outside the Federal Government, to make can be taught elementary instrument flying while
sure that C.-\.-\ needs are known and accomplished. learning to pilot a plane was put in operation.
The C.\A continued its active part in the u. s. Pilots fh-ino-
' 1:>
in from other countries were briefed
te~lmica_l assistance program for friendly nations, by the CAA to ease their way in strange lands and
with this and other international activities con- to increas~ safety on our port-of-entry fields, and
ducted by its reorganized Office of International a "package" of aids to U. S. pilots ferrying planes
Cooperation. Opening of a Central American abroad was made available.
Flight Information Region in Honduras. where the
t~p personnel were all graduates of U. S. training CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
given by the CAA, was a good example of the effec- The year 1957 proved to be a record one for air
ti\·eness of this kind of standardization on "·oriel traffic in U. S. scheduled domestic, overseas and
ain,'ays. foreign operations. The Civil Aeron:-~utics Board
For its own training. the CA.\ enlarged and ex- estimated that more than 50 million p:-tssengers
paneled the Aeronautical Training Center at Okla- would be carried during this period, which repre-
homa City, with that city cooperating in the con- sented an increase of 8.7 percent over 1956. In
stntction of buildings costing ~ome $10-million to the field of air safety 1957 also proved to be an
be used in gi\·ing CAA personnel refresher training outstanding year with less than one passenger fa-
-particularly in jet-pawned planes-and for ini- tality per 100 million passenger miles flown. a rec-
tial training of thousands of personnel in airways ord maintained for the past six years by all U. S.
operations and maintenance work. This Center is scheduled domestic. overseas and foreign operations.
virtually a "University of the Air" with intense em- Durino· 1:>
1957 a number of maJ·Or trunklinc route
phasis on the practical needs of government avia- cases "·ere completed by the Board and substantial
tion organizations. progress was made toward completing a review of
At its other major facility, the Technical Devel- trunkline service in a series of major area pro-
opment Center at Indianapolis, the CAA \\'as deep ccccl i ngs.

215
 Included among major route decisions of the and other points in the Caribbean area.
Board was the Eastern Route Consolidation Case In the Service to Puerto Rico Case. the Board's
which authorized two additional competitive non- third review of air transportation for the Com-
stop services between SL Louis and New York by monwealth o[ Puerto Rico in ll years, the Board
Eastern Air Lines and American Airlines, in addi- authorized Trans Caribbean Airways to be the first
tion to the service provided by Trans \Vorld Air- U. S. supplemental air ctrrier to receive a certifi-
lines_ In the same case the Board authorized com- cate of public conYcnience and necessity authoriz-
petitive nonstop air service between St. Louis and ing the carriage of persons and cargo. Under its
Cincinnati by American, and competitive nonstop certificate the carrier can operate scheduled sen·ice,
air service between Cincinnati and vVashington by without mail pay, between New York and San
Trans vVorld Airlines and competitive nonstop an- ] uan for a five year period.
service between Louisville and \'Vashington by In the same case the Board made Eastern .\ir
American. Lines' temporary New York-San Juan route penna-
Following the signing of the first bilateral an- nent and, by making l\Iiami an intermediate stop
transport agreement between the United States and rather than a terminal point, made it possible for
:\Iexico early in 1957, the Board was able to au- the carrier to provide direct or nonstop service be-
thorize service by American Airlines between Chi- tween San Juan and nearly every major city in the
cago and Mexico City; by Eastern Air Lines be- eastern half of the United States. The Board also
tween New Yorkj\Vashington and Mexico City; authorized Pan American to serve San Juan direct
and by Western Air Lines from Los Angeles to from Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and ''Vash-
Mexico City. To these three new routes now oper- ington, in addition to its present San .Juan-:\ew
;Hed by U. S. air carriers four existing routes were York route.
also formally established under the U. S.-lVIexico The Board renewed the authority of Riddle _-\ir-
Air Agreement: Eastern Air Lines from New Or- lines, an all-cargo carrier, to fly its freight route
leans to Mexico City and the remaining three by between New York or :Miami and San Juan for a
Pan American \Vorld Airways from New Orleans period of five years but denied Riddle's request to
to ::\Ierida, :Mexico, and Guatemala; from Houston- carry passengers and non-subsidy mail on its over-
Brownsville-Tampico to :Mexico City and Tapa- seas route.
chula, :Mexico, and Guatemala; and from Miami l\1any other lesser adjustments were completed
to l.\Ierida and Guatemala. by the Board on the overall route structure for
Thus, the seven routes approved by the :Mexican domestic trunk airlines, U. S. flag air carriers and
Government for U. S. air carriers became opera- local service carriers.
tional. At the same time the Board q.uthorized The Board continued its review of local air serv-
reciprocal service for air carriers selected by the ice throughout the United States and at year-end
::\Iexican Government for service between l\Jexico had eight area proceedings under way which in-
City and WashingtonJNew York; Mexico City-Los volve local air transportation in 44 of the 48 states:
Angeles; Mexico City-New Orleans; l\Iexico City- Northeastern Area Investigation, Piedmont Local
:\Iiami and Mexico City-San Antonio, all via inter- Service Case, Great Lakes Local Service Case, Pa-
mediate points in Mexico. cific Northwest Local Service Case, ·Montana Local
The Board also announced its decision in the Service Case, Seven States Area Local Service Case,
Service to Phoenix Case, approving new trunkline South Central Area Local Service Case and South-
service by vVestern Air Lines between Denver and eastern Area Local Service Case.
San Diego and between Phoenix and Los Angeles Air carrier improvements in 1957 made it possi-
provided such flights originate in Phoenix and ter- ble for the 12 domestic trunk airlines to operate
minate at Portland/Seattle or originate in Seat- without subsidy, although in October Capital Air-
tlejPortland and terminate at Phoenix. lines petitioned the Board for subsidy assistance.
In August the Board authorized the establish- The 13 local air carriers, on the other hand, all
ment of the first mid-Atlantic U. S.-Europe air route required subsidy which in 1957 approximated a
for an American air catTier by authorizing Pan total of $25.5-million. The three certiftcatecl heli-
American to serve l\Jadricl, Spain, as a stop on that copter carriers, all of which the Board had author-
carrier's New York-South Africa route. This new ized for passenger operations, also required a sub-
mid-Atlantic route will link Miami, San Juan, Ma- sidy totaling approximately $5-million for the same
drid and Rome and will provide improved U. S. period. Internationally, the Board found that our
flag carrier service to Europe from Puerto Rico American flag carriers were subsidy free, with the

216
ex eption of o n e earner in the Latin American as an air collision preventive measure for aircraft
a r ea th a t was expected to require $871 ,000. fl ying at high speeds at altitudes where the rate of
The Board's investigation into the overall pas- closure does not provide pilots with adequate time
se nger fare l evel of the 12 domestic trunk airlines, for evasive action.
begun late in 1956, was temporarily deferred early The Board also took action to insure greater
in 1957 wh en seven clom.estic trunkline air carriers safety in connection w ith low altitude air traffic
filed tariffs with the Board proposing a fare in- problems. For the preceding year the Board had
crease of six perce nt. In order to p ass upon this been examining the air traffic separation problem
emergency requ es t, the Boa rd directed its attention of aircraft approaching and leaving major metro-
ro this immediate problem and upon the conclu- politan areas. Consequently, the Board had estab-
sion of a forma l h earing denied the request for the lish ed , in 1956, a High Density Traffic Control
r equested six percent incre ase. Immedia tely there- Zone in the \1\fashington area as a positive experi-
after the Board ordered that the gener al inves tiga- n:lent in air traffic separation. This system required
tion of the passe nger fare level be resumed on an tha t even under visual flight rules all air traffic
exp ::dited basis a nd by November th e case h ad pro- under 3500 feet report to the vVashington Nation-
ceeded to public hea ring b efore a Board examiner. al control tower at a measured distance from the
ew problems concerned w.ith a ir tr affi c control a irport and observe specific n avigation and com-
came to the forefront in 1957 as the U . S. air munications procedures. This experiment proved
u·an sport industry and the Board prepared for the so successful that the Board delega ted authority
adve nt of high a ltitude, hi gh speed jet transports. to the Administra tor of Civi l Aeronautics to estab-
In add ition, the consistent a nd rapid grow th of air lish other High Density Traffic Control Zones over
traffic coupl ed w ith th e greatly increased perform- major metropolitan areas of the nation ~nd at year-
an ce characteristics inhere nt in the newes t type of end this prograrn was now being placed in opera-
piston-engine aircraft in use in 1957 generated in- tio n b y the C AA.
crea sed d em and upon the use of a irsp ace in the
United States.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
C n sequ ently, the Board promulgated n ew air
traffi c rules to provide expanded co ntrol of aircraft The Commission continued its work in regula-
at h igh altitudes a nd provided for the establish- tion and licensing of all non-Government radio
ment of co ntrolled airspace a bove 24,000 feet over facilities. In the aviation field , these included aero-
the continental United States to be known as the nautical en route, aeronautical operational fixed ,
Con tinent al Control Area. \1\Ti thin this area the airdrome control, flight test, fl ying school, aero-
min imum v isibility of flights under visual flight nautical advisory, radio aids to navigation, Civil
rul es was increased to fi ve miles and the minimum Air Patrol, and -all communications equipment and
clearan ces from clouds to 1000 feet vertically and navigation aids aboard private and commercial air-
o ne m.ile horizontall y. This la tter step ·was taken craft of United States registry.

Civ il Acmnautics Bom·d: (left to ·r ight) Hm·ma.r D. D en ny; Ch an Gu.m.ey; j ames R. Dw"fee, Chainnan,·
G . j osep h Minetti; Louis ]. H ector. r /!r :fi ~ ! //.1'1! /!11 /JJ:! 1
 During fiscal 1957, the Commission received ap- All employees of the Service who pilot Service
plications for stations in the aviation services field aircraft must hold Letters of Flight Authority. Dur-
from 26,565 sources. This represented an increase ing fiscal year 1957, 79 employees held such author-
of more than 3000 over the previous year. Appli- ity. These pilots flew more than 12,000 hours and
cations for 1957 were broken down as follows: aero- the territory covered included Alaska, Canada, and
nautical and fixed group, 2076; aircraft group, lVIexico, as ·well as the United States.
20,112; aviation auxiliary group, 182; aviation The maintenance and repair of Service aircraft
radio navigation land, 175; and Civil Air Patrol, operating in the United States was hand led through
4020. There were increases in all categories over commercial shops. In the Territory of Alaska, how-
1956. Largest increase, 1820 applications more ever, where 35 Service a iro-aft were used durino·0

than the previous year, was in the Civil Air Patrol the fiscal year, the Service maintained overhaul
and repair shops of its own .
category.
At year-end, aviation radio authorizations were
approaching 50,000, ·w ith over 62,000 transmitters. FOREST SERVICE
The Commission a lso participated in the work DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
of various interagency coordinating and policy Air support for ground fire-fighters appeared to
groups during the year, including the Air Com·di- be the nevv "wonder drug" of forest fire control in
nating Committee, the International Civil Avia- 1957. Use of new techniques for cascadino- 0
water
tion Organization and the Radio Technical Com- a nd chemicals from the air was effective repeatedl y
missions for Aeronautics. in helping to stop fires that otherwise would have
FCC during 1957 was represented on eight sub- spread to large and costly size.
ordinate components of the Air Coordinating Com- The Forest Service's "smokejumper" corps of
mittee. Working with ICAO, the Commission took parachute-jumping fire-fighters, maintained during
an active part in the preparation of U. S. positions the fire season for service in National Forests of the
for 10 separate international conferences. western States, totaled nearly 300 men. In 1957
With RTCA, the Commission during 1957 par- they made jumps to 116 fires. A n.ew smokejumper
ticipated in special technical subcommittee studies base, with 23 jumpers, w~s set up by the Forest
Service at Redding, California, in 1957. Smoke-
of the following subjects: operational-special serv-
jumper units also were stationed during the fire-
ice communications; implementation of the VHF
danger season at Missoula, Montana; Grangeville,
utilization plan and review of transition period
Idaho City, and McCall, Idaho; Silver City, New
communications requirements; helicopter air navi-
Mexico; Illinois Valley, Oregon; and Winthrop,
gation, communication and traffic control; chan-
Washington.
neling requirements of short-distance navigation
In the Forest Service's and coo!Jeratino·
0 ao·encies'
aid system; and aviation's present and future use 0

of the radio frequency spectrum.

Fores t Service air t. a 11 ~; 1
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
During the fiscal year 1957 the U . S. Fish and
Wildlife Service operated a fleet of 52 aircraft, com-
posed of 30 Pipers (Supercubs, Pacers, and J3C's),
12 Grumman Gooses, 4 Grumman Widgeons, one
Stinson V77, 5 Cessnas (180 and 170), and one
Twin Beechcraft. Seventeen were based in the
con tin en tal United States and 35 in Alaska.
The twin-engined amphibians were used exten-
sively in Alaska for fisheries enforcement patrol,
for freighting materi a ls incident to the establish-
ment of camps in isola ted areas and later servicing
of these camps, and for the transportation of per-
sonnel where other facilities were not available.
They were also used on waterfowl surveys in the
U . S., Canada and Mexico.

218
 p rog ra m to co ntrol outbreaks of forest in ect, air- tion of men and supplies during fire emergencies,
cralt were u eel to a ppl y 1Y2 million gallons of fire detect ion and aerial reconnaissance of going
in ccticicle to 1,479,000 acres of forest land in 1957. fires, supplying remote and inaccessible stations,
Experime nt co ndu cted during the preceding year aerial surve), reseeding or revegetation of burned-
inc! ica ted that insecticide could be rel eased, with -over and denuded areas, surveying and spraying
effe tive results, frorn a higher elevation than had for insect control, and search and rescue.
previou sly been considered feasib le. As a result,
Latest avai lable yearly figures (1956) showed use
some of the insecticide in 1957 was rel eased a t
of fixed-wing aircraft by the Forest Service totaled
about 750 feet above tree tops in tead of the 200
19,595 hours. This included 3064 flights, totaling
to 300 foot height u sed previously. This permitted
4879 hours, by Forest Service airplanes; 8652
the u e of larger aircraft such as the Fairchild C-82,
Douglas DC-3, Convair B-24, fvlartin PB 1, and flights, 14,617 hours, by commercial planes under
Ford Trimotor. Obse rvation ships u sed were Beech- charter or contract; and 61 flights for 99 hours
cr aft, Cessna, and Travelaire. flm., n by military aircraft for the Forest Service.
Use of he I icopters totaled 1950 hours, an increase
In 1957, air tankers were used b y the Forest Serv-
of some 50 percent over the previous year.
ice on a large number of forest fires in the Rocky
tl ountain a nd vVest Coast States. In California
they were ·used also by State foreso· agencies. Nu- POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
m erous reports gave the tankers credit for keeping
fires from reaching la rge size. A number of threat- Use of the domestic airmail service continued to
ening small fires were held down by casca ding increase during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957.
water and chemica ls until ground forces could Preliminary figures indica ted the Post Office De-
reach them to complete control. p artment transported nearly 1,500,000,000 pieces of
Air t2nkers also were used to support ground airmail and air parcel post, weighing almost 95,-
crews on difficult large fires. In the Pacific North- 000,000 pounds. This was an increase of slightly
west, for example, air tankers dropped 800 gallons over 4 percent over the previous year.
of borate "slurry" and wet ·water just ahead of a There was a corresponding increase in the mail-
60-acre fire racing through a dense growth of for- ton-miles performed by air carriers, who received
est. When the "crown " fire hit the treated strips approximately $34,000,000 for transporting airmail,
it dropped to the ground, making it po ·sible for exclusive of any subsidy payments from the Civil
a 75-man ground crew to establish qu ick control. Aeronautics Board.
The F ores t Service u sed aircraft in connection At year-end there were 58 air routes operated by
with the protection and m a nagement of 149 Na- 35 air carriers over 256,041 domestic route miles.
tional Fores ts, located in 39 States, Alaska, and The experiment of transporting first class mail
Pu erto Ri co. Chief uses included the tran sporta- by air was continued during the year with 24 car-
riers servino·
0
205 cities in 31 states and the District
loads with wa t er for foT est fi.r e . of Colurnbia .
The volume of foreign airmail from the United
States, to and from U. S. possessions and territories,
and to and from military post offices in foreign
countries, increased approximately 10 percent over _

I......_ __
I
the previous year.
Foreign flag carriers transporte_9. 11 percent of
the total foreign mail from the United Sta tes to
other countries, except Canada. Mail to C a nada
was divided almost equally between U. S. and
Canadian air carriers. There was no increase in
the volume of m ilitary airmail over the previous
fiscal year.
At the end of 1957 there were 15 United States
flag carriers operating 295,000 route miles from the
continental United States to O\ erseas and inter-
n atio na l points.

219
'.

IN
PRODUCTION

AERO DESIGN & ENGINEERING CO.

BETHANY, OKL.AHO~rA

Aero Commander 680 Super

REMARKS
The five-seven place 680 is basically the same structure as the
560E and is first in its category to use supercharged engines. It
has a 15,000-foot single engine ceiling and is convertible to cargo
in minutes. Oxygen system and three-blade propellers are
standard equipment.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span '14 ft.; Length 35 ft. 5 in.; H eight 14 ft. 9 in.; Empty Weight
4330 lb.; Gross \1\Teight 7000 lb.; Overload Gross Weight 7000 lb .;
Wing Loadi11g 28.8 lb. per sq. ft. ; Power Lo ~~ing 10.3 lb. p er bhp ;
Engines Two L ycoming GS0-'180-B1A-6, 320 hp norm al r a ted , or 340
hp a t 3400 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 223 gal.; Propell er 3-blade Hart-
zell HC-83X20-2 \ j9333C; Wing Area 242 sq. ft. ; Aileron Ar ea 20. 52
sq. ft.; Fl ap Area 32.70 sq. ft. ; Fin A rea 38.20 sq. ft. ; Rudd er Area
15.40 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 33.06 sq. ft .; Eleva tor Area 20.54 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
l'vi aximum Speed 260 mph a t 15,000 ft. ; Sta ll Speed 71 mph ; Rate of
C limb 1625 fpm at Sea L evel; Ser vice Ceiling 25,5 67 ft.; R a nge with
Maximum Payload 1600 mi. ; Range with Maximum l~ uel Load 1600 mi.
REMARKS
The nevv Aero Commander S60E is designed to h elp toclay's
executive meet the ever increasing demand on his time. The
high speed a nd long range performa n ce of this five-seven place
twin-engine executive aircraft make possib le one stop, high
speed coast-to-coast flights, in a single cl ay.

SPECIFICATIONS
Spa n 49.56 ft.; Length 35 ft. 2 in. ; He ight 14 ft. 9 in.; Empty Weigh t
4300 lb. ; Gross ' '\Ie ig ht 6500 lb.; Overload Gross ' '\Ie igh t 6500 l b.; Wing
Loading 24.7 lb . per sq . ft .; Power Loading 10.9 lb. per bhp; Engines
Two Lycoming G0-480-D 1A 260 each hp normal rated, or 275 each hp
at 3400 rp m ta keoff; Fuel Capac ity 223 gal.; Propeller Hartzell 3-blacle;
'Ving Area 25<1 sq. ft.; A ileron Area 20.52 sq. ft.; Flap Area 32.70 sq.
ft. ; Fin Area 38.20 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 15.40 sq. ft. ; Stab ili zer Area
33.06 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 20.54 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 222 mph at Sea Level; Cruise Sp eed 210 mph a t 70
percent hp a t 10,000 ft.; Stall Speed 66 mph; R a te of Climb 1450 fpm a t
Sea Level (2 eng in es); Service Ceiling 22,500 ft. (2 engines); R ange wi th
Maximum Payload 1625 mi. with 30 min. r eserve; Fu el Capacity 223
gal.

Aero Commander 560E

 BEE AVLI\TION ASSO<.:IATES
MONTGOl\U:RY FIELD
SAN DIEGO 11, CALIFORN IA

I
~~

Queen Bee

REMARKS
The four-place Queen Bee carries all fuel in sturdy wing tip
fuel tanks for safety. It features a 43-inch wide cabin with plenty
of head roonL Operating costs are as low as .013 cents per seat
mile based on an average of only two hours flying per day.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 32 ft.; Length 21 ft. 10 in .; Height 7 ft. 7 in.; -Empty W eight
1190 lb. ; vVing Loacli11g 16.5 lb. p er sq . ft.; Power Loading 14.3 lb. per
bhp ; Engine Lycoming 0-3 20-A IA, 150 hp.. normal rates; Fuel Capacity
42 gal. ; Prop ell er Hanzell HC-SZXG-1B; Wing Ar ea 130 sq. ft.; Aile-
ron Area 5.8 sq. ft.; Tail Area 34.3 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Ma."Ximum Speed 160 mph at 150 hp a t 2750 rpm a t Sea L evel ; Cruise
Speed 155 mph at 75 p er ce nt hp at 8000 ft.; L anding Sp eed 55 mph;
R a te of Climb 900 fpm at Sea L evel ; Serv ice Ceiling 15,000 ft.; A bso-
lute Ceiling 19,000 ft. ; R ange with M aximum P ayload 650 mi. ; Ran ge
with M ax imum Fu el Load 650 mi.

223
 BEECH AIRCRAFT CORP.
WICHITA I, KANSAS

Beech T-34 Mentm·

REMARKS
The T-34 Mentor, developed by Beech as a private venture, has
now been adopted as the official primary trainer for the U. S.
Air Force, U. S. Navy, and the air services of Canada,· Chile,
Colombia, El Salvador, and Japan. The Beechcraft T-34B is
the official primary trainer of the U. S. Navy. This airplane is
a modified version of the USAF T-34A also used by the air
se r vices of many foreign nations. First production aircraft deliv-
eries to the N avy began in December, 1954.
SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 32 ft. 10 in .; L e ngth 25 ft. 11 in.; Height 9 ft._ 7 in .; Empty
·w e ight 2246 lb .; Gross W e ight 297 5 lb.; Wing Loading 1675 lb. per
sq. ft. ; Power Lo ading 13.2 lb. per bhp; Engine Continental 0-470-13,
225 hp a t 2600 rpm; Fuel Capacity 50 gal. ; Prop eller Beech constant
speed; G ear tri cycle ; \1\T ing Area 177.6 sq. ft.; Aileron Are-a 11,5 sq.
ft.; Fla p A rea 23.3 sq. ft.; Fin Area 10.39 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 6.5•1
sq. ft.; Stabilize r Area 22.25 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 15 sq. ft.
PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed 187 mph a t 225 hp a t 2600 rpm a t Sea L evel ; Cruise
Sp eed 170 mph at 135 hp at 2300 rpm a t 10,000 ft.; Landing Speed
54 mph; R a te of Climb 1160 fpm at Sea L evel; Service Ceiling 19,500
ft.; Ran ge with M a ximum Pa yload 727 mi. a t 10,000 ft., 60 p erce nt
p owr r.

224
Beechcraft Super 18

REMARKS
The eight-place Super 18 is a- bigger version of the standard
Model 18 which has been a commerCial arid military model since
it ·was first put on the market in 1937. Over 6600 units in mili-
tary and commercial configurations of the :Model 18 series have
been built to date. The current model features external drag
reduction plus many interior improvements.
SPECIFICATIONS
Sp an 49 ft. 8 in.; Length 35 ft. 2y2 in. ; Height· g· ft . . 6 in.; Empty
Weight 6050 lb.; Gross W eight g~foo lb.; Wing Loadin(§, 25.75 lb. per
sq. ft.; Power Loading 10.32 lb. per bhp ; Engines Two Pra tt &
'"7hitney l150 hp at 2300 rpm takeo ff; Fuel Capacity 286 gal.; Propeller
-~
H amilton Standard h ydromatic; G ea r conve"n tional; "Ving Area 361
sq. ft. ; A ilero n Area 17.48 sq. ft. ; Flap Area 28.1 2 sq. ft .; Fin Area
20.08 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 13.50 sq. ft.; Stabilizer 1-\ i'ea 49.58 sq. ft.;
Elevator Area 22 sq. ft.
PERFORMANC£
Maximum Speea 234 mplt at 450 hp at 2300 rpm a t 3300 ft.; Cruise
Speed 215 mph at 300 hp a t 2000 rpm at 10,000 ft. ; L anding Speed
8~ mph; R a te of Climb 1490 fpm at Sea Level a t 8750 lb. gross; Range
w•th Maximum Payload 1626 m1. at 10,000 ft. , 200 hp; ll5 min. r eserve.

225
 REMARKS
The Twin-Bonanza, a six-place executive transport, is equipped
with supercharged engines instead of the high-compression en-
gines used in the Model D50 Twin-Bonanza (also in produc-
tion) . This increase in power provides improved performance.
The gross weight of the Model E50 is increased to 7000 pounds
and there is a 50-gallon increase in fuel capacity.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 45 ft. 3% in.; Length 31 ft. 6Y2 in.; Height 11 ft. 4 in.; Empty
Weight 4440 lb. ; Gross \t\Te ight 7000 lb.; Wing Loading 25.2 lb. per
sq. ft.; Power Loading 10.9 lb. per bhp; Engines Two Supercharged
Lycoming G50-480-ATA6, 320 hp normal rates, or 340 hp at 3400 rpm
takeoff; Fuel Capacity 230 gal. with optional tanks; Propeller Hartzell,
3-blade constant speed-full feathering; Wing Area 277.06 sq. ft.; A ile-
ron Area 13.89 sq. ft.; Flap Area 37.80 sq. ft.; Fin Area 14.25 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 12.77 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 47.25 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
I 7.49 sq . ft. \

PERFORMANCE
Maxim um Speed 240 mph at 320 hp at 3200 rpm at 9000 ft.; Cruise
Speed 228 mph at 248 hp at 2750 rpm at 13,300 ft.; Landing Speed
80 mph ; Rate of Climb 1620 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 24,800
ft.; R a nge with Maximum Payload 1650 mi.

Beech E50 Twin-Bonanza

226
Beech L-23D Liaison Transport

REMARKS
The Army during the year ordered additional quantities of the
L-23D command transport, military version of the Model E50
Twin-Bonanza business plane, extending L-23 production in,to
1959. In October, Beechcraft also began deliveries of rebuilt
L-23 's under a separate contract calling for the remanufacture
of early A and B models to the new Army L-23D configuration.

SPECI'F ICATIONS
Span 45 h. 3.38 in.; Length 31 ft. 6.17 in.; Height 11 ft. 6.5 in.; Empty
Weight 4974 lb.; Gross Weight 7000 lb.; Wing Loading 25.3 lb. per
sq . .ft.; Power' Loading 10.9 lb. per bhp; Engine Lycoming Model Q.
480-1, 320 hp normal rates, or 340 hp at 3400 rpm takeoff; Fuel Ca-
pacity 230 gal.; Propeller Hartzell HC93Z20-2Cjl0151B8; Wing Area
277.06 sq. ft.; Aileron Area 15.51 sq. ft.; Flap Area 37.80 sq. ft.; Fin
A rea 14.25 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 12.77 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 47.25 sq.
ft.; Elevator Area 17.49 sq. ft. {".

PERFORMANCE
Nfaximum Speed 232 mph at 320 hp at 3200 rpm at 9000 ft.; Cruise
Speed 202 mph at :o8 hp at 2600 rpm at 10,000 ft.; Landing Speed
80 mph ; Rate of Chmb 1560 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 26,300
h. ; Absolute Ceiling 28,000 ft.; Range with Maximum. Fuel Load,
1650 mi.

227
 Beechcraft H35 Bonanza

REMARKS
The four-place Bona nza was first flown December 22, 1945. It
holds the lightpla ne non-stop world's distance record of 4957.240
miles. Popular with the business executive, the Bonanza has also
had a successful feederline operational history.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 32 ft. 10 in.; Length 25 ft. 2 in.; Height 6 ft. 6y2 in.; Empty
Weight 1833 lb.; Gross \1\Teight 2900 lb.; Wing Loading 16.3 lb. per
sq. ft.; Power Loading 12 .1 lb. per bhp; Engine (standard) Continen-
tal 0-470-G , 240 hp takeoff; Fuel Capacity· 39 gal. (59 gal. with auxi'l i-
ary tank); Propeller Beech electrically controlled; Gear tricycle, fully
retractabl e ; Wing Area 177.6 sq. ft.; Fin-Stabilizer Area 23.8 sq. ft.;
Rudder-Elevator Area 12 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 206 mph at 240 hp at 2600 rpm at Sea Level; Cruise
Speed 196 mph at 180 hp at 2300 rpm at 5000 ft.; Landing Speed 57
mph; R ate of Climb 1250 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 19,800 ft.;
Maximum. R ange 1170 mi . at 10,000 ft. at 160 mph.

228
 REMARKS
First fio·wn on August 6, 1956, the Travel Air marked Beech-
craft's entry into the four-place, twin-engine business airplane
field. This airplane is noted for its quiet Bight -and operational
economy.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 37 ft. 10 in .; Length 25 ft. 4 in.; Height 9 ft. 6 in.; Empty Weight
4000 lb.; Wing Loading 21.6 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading ll.l lb. per
bhp; Engines Two Lycoming 0-360-A1A, 180 hp normal rates; Fuel
Capacity 112 gal.; Propeller 72 in. Hartzell, hydraulically controlled,
continuously variable pitch , full feathering; \.Ying Area 193.8 sq. ft.;
A ileron Area 11.5 sq. ft.; Flap Area 21.3 sq. ft.; Fin Area 16.97 sq. ft. ;
Rudder Area 6.63 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 27.4 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
15.0 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Ma.x.imum Speed 208 mph at ISO hp at 2700 rpm at Sea Level; Cruise
Speed 200 mph at 135 hp at 2'150 rpm at 7500 ft.; Landing Speed 66
-:;, / ·.:::•
mph ; Rate of Climb 1330 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 19,700 ft.;
Absolute Ceiling 20,900 ft.; Range with Ma.ximum Fuel Load 1400 mi.

Beech Model 95 Tt·avel Air

BELL HELICOPTER CORP.
FORT WORTH, TLXAS

REMARKS
The :Model 47G has hydraulic cyclic boost control as standard
equipment. This is similar to automotive power steering and
greatly improves the flight handling characteristics while reduc-
ing pilot fatigue. Standard equipment includes complete VFR
flight and engine instruments, 28jvoltj 50 amp generator, electric
starter, ground handling wheels, heavy-duty batter, and syn-
chronized elevator. The 47G is shown in the 3-view drawing on
this page.
Another model, the 47H Bellairus two-passenger helicopter, fea-
tures automobile-width seat, ample leg room with foot rest and
cabin sound-proofing. Streamlining of tail boom, fuel tanks,
cabin, and arched skid gear, plus hydraulic boost control, syn-
chronized elevator, and Bell's semi-rigid rotor system combine
to produce a helicopter with exceptional stability and flight
handling characteristics.
The 47G-2 (Army H-13H) model has a Lycoming V0-'135 en-
gine, giving it increased weight, speed, and range. An ideal hot-
weather, high-altitude helicopter, capable of hovering in ground
effect at more than 10,000 feet with maximum gross weight. The
three-place commercial model is ideal for crop-dusting and spray-
ing patrol, and survey, rescue, and mercy missions. The military
employs it for evacuation, observation, reconnaissance, wire-
laying, training, and other duties. Both civilian and military
models are available with a wide assortment of auxiliary kits.

SPECIFICATIONS
Main Rotor Diarneter 35.125 ft.; Anti-torque Rotor Diameter 5 ft.
8.125 in.; Length 27 ft. 4 in.; Empty Weight 1434 lb.; Maximum Gross
Weight 2350 lb.; Engine Franklin 6V4-200-C32.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 86 mph; Cruising Speed 70 mph; Normal Range212
m1.

Bell 47G: H-l3G (Army); HTL-6 (Navy)

 Bell 4.7J Ranger

REMARKS
The Model 47 J Ranger carries a pilot and three passengers. The
commercial Ran ger comes with standard or deluxe passenger
interiors and can be equipped with an internal hoist in a matter
of minutes without use of special tools. The Air Force version,
des~gnate d the H-13], is used by the Presiden t and staff. Navy
models of the Ranger are called the HUL-l and are employed
as utility helicop ters with the fleet.

SPECIFICATIONS
Main Rotor Diameter 37.167 ft.; Anti-torque Rotor Diameter 5 ft. 10
in.; Empty Weight 1615 lb. ; Gross Weight 2800 lb.; Engine Lycoming
V0-435.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 105 mph; Cruising Speed 99 mph; Normal Range
200 mi.

231
BOEING AIRPLANE CO.
SEATTLE ;1.4, WASHINGTON

REMARKS
The Boeing 707 prototype was built as a private venture by
Boeing Airplane Compa n y at a cost of more than $16-million.
It first flew July 15, 1954. A military version of the Boeing 707
Prototype, the KC-135, was ordered into production for the Air
Force as a tanker-transport a month and a half after the initial
flight of the prototype. Satisfied that commercial production
would not interfere with nor delay scheduled delivery of KC-
135's, the Air Force on July 13, 1955, advised the Boeing Com-
pany that there -vv as no objection to its building commercial jet
transports. The Boeing Company then proceeded with its cam-
paign to sell to the airlines of the world advanced commercial
versions of the Boeing 707 Prototype.
Including the prototype, there are five Boeing jet airliners; the
others are the 707-120, the 707-220, the 707-320, and the 707-420.
Weighing in at p1ore than 245,000 pounds as compared with the
prototype's 190,000, the 120 is principally intended for continental
use. The 220 member of the Boeing 707 family is identical in
airframe and body size to the 120, but will be powered by Pratt
& Whitney JT4 turbojet engines, larger and of greater thrust
than the JT3, and will weigh more than 245,000 pounds, fully
loaded.
The 320 and 420 are the Intercontinental 707's, and ·with this a ir-
plane the dimensions change. It's the big boy of the brood,
partially fulfilling the growth potential Boeing designed into
the basic 707 series. 'Weighing more than 295,000 pounds, it
is 8 feet, 5 inches longer overall than the 120 and 220, has 11
feet, 7 inches more wing span and 500 square feet of addition al
wing area. Fuselage diameter, 148 inches, is the same in all
models. Only difference between the 320 and 420 is in the
engines, the former using Pratt & ·w hitney JT L1's and the
l a tter Rolls-Royce Conways.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span I 30 ft.; Length 128 ft.; Height 38 ft. 3 in.; Engines Four Pra tt
& Whitn ey J57, 10,000 lb. thrust.

PERFORMANCE
Cruise Sp eed 550 . 600 mph; Absolute Ceilin g more than 42,000 ft.

Boeing 707 Pt·ototype

 .

Boeing KC-135 Jet Tanker-Transport

REMARKS
The first production model of the KC-135 Stratotanker was
rolled from the Renton, Washington, plant July 18, 1956, and
made its maiden flight August 31, 1956, spending an hour and
19 minute~ in the air-before landing at Boeing Field in Seattle.
KC-135's are now in service with the Air Force and will supplant
the K.C-97 as the A,ir Force's standard multi-purpose aerial re-
fueling tanker-transport. The last of 888 KC-97's built by Boeing_
at Renton was rolled out only moments before the first appear-
ance of the KC-135. The high-speed Flying Boom refueling
equipment with which the KC-135 is equipped was flight-tested
earli er on the Boeing 707 prototype.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 130 ft . 10 in .; Length 136 ft. 3 in.; Sweepback 35 deg.; Height
38 ft. 5 in.; Weight more tha n 250,000 lb.; Engines Four Pratt &
Whitney J57 turbojet, 10,000 lb. thrust class; Gear tricycle, main under-
carriage units, four-wheel u·ucks, dual nose wheels.

PERFORMANCE
Speed more than 600 mph; Ceiling more than 35,000 ft .; Range more
th an 4000 mi.

~33
 Boeing KC-97G Stratofreighter Tanker Transpm·t

REMARKS
Flying boom controls and boom operator's station are mounted
in the plane as a single unit which can be easily removed. In-
ternal fuel tanks are located so that the airplane may also carry
cargo while in the tanker configuration. By removing the pod
and installing cargo doors in its place, the airplane can serve as
a cargo, troop or hospital transport. Chief difference between
G and earlier models is the provision for two droppable wing
tanks and the relocation of internal fuel tanks. Cargo version
carries a maximum of 68,500 pounds of heavy cargo such as
jeeps, trucks, and artillery. Pasenger version carries 130 men,
ambulance model up to 79 litter patients and attendants.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 141 ft. 3 in.; Length 110 ft. 4 in.; Height 38 ft. 3 in. (foldable
tail); Gross Weight 153,000 lb.; Maximum Weight 175,000 lb.; Engines
Four Pratt & Whitney R-4360-59 Wasp Major, 3500 hp at takeoff;
Fuel Capacity 9190 gal.; Propellers Hamilton Standard, four-blade, full
feathering and fully reversible.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 375 mph; Cruising Speed over 300 mph; Service
Ceiling over 35,000 ft.; Range 43,000 mi.

234
 \

.! i!"' l . I ~ I I F Boeing RB-47E Medium Bomber

REMARKS
The first XB-47 flight took place December, 1947, and more
th.an 1200 have been built. The RB-47E differs from the stand-
ard model in having longer nose, more windows ,and air-con-
ditioned camera compartment in place of bomb bay. Crew for
this model is pilot,, copilot riding in tandem, and observer-pho-
tographer. Among the features of the B-47 are the thin flexible
wings which have a dropped appearance on the ground chaNg-
ing to a slight dihedral in flight. A B-47 set a new jet enduranc~
record dur·i ng 1954 with a 21,000 mile flight in 47 hours and
35 minutes with the aid of aerial refueling. Crew: three.

'
SPEC I FICATJONS
"' @ji
. -'l.... .• __jl.JL_
<9
_...__ • Span 116 ft.; Sweepback 35 deg.; Length 107 ft.; Height 28 ft.; Gross
Weight more than 200,000 lb.; Normal Bomb Load more than 20,000 lb.;
Engines Six General Electric ]47, 6000 lb. thrust nonnal rated · Pro-
visions for 33 external ATO un_its, 1000 lb. each and water inj~ction "
sys tems providing 17 percent power increase;· G·ear dual main wheels
in ta ndem with a single outrigger under each inboard pod.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed more than 600 mph; Service Ceiling over 40,000 ft.;
Range more than 3000 mi .
.,··
235
•·
\
REMARKS . ; '·1,
Two experimenta l prototypes of this airplane and a number of
B-52 's continued to undergo Boeing and Air Force test programs
at year end. First initial flight April 15, 1952. Reversing the usual
order, it was ordered in quantity production before the first
flight. Boeing has produced B52A's, B's, and C's at Seattle, \1\Tash-
intgon. It is now building B-52D 's there and at Wichita, Kans as.
First deliveries of B-52's to USAF Strategic Air Command were
made during 1955. The first B-52D w as rolled out of the Boeing
factory at Wichita December 7, 1955.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 185 ft.; Sweepback 35 deg.; Length 156 ft.; H eight 48 ft.; Gross
11\Teight more th an 400,000 lb.; Engin es Eight Pratt & Whitney J57
turbojet, 10,000 lb. thrust class; Gear eight main wheels in tand em with
single ou trigger wh eels n ear win g tips.

PERFORMANCE
Can be describ ed only as "a very-high-speed, long-range heavy bomber
with a service ceil ing over 50,000 feet and sp eed more than 650 mph."

Boeing B-52D Bomber

BRAi~TLY HEUCOPTER CORP.
FRE DE niCK, OKLABO ~JA

B1·antly B-2

REMARKS
Production on the Brantly B-2 helicopter will be s~ t up ih the
near future at Brantly's new production facilities at Frederick.
t .. ~ '-eo

Oklahoma. ,. ~ .,•

SPECIFICATIONS
fvia in Rotor Diameter 23 ft. 8.89 in.; Anti-torque Rotor Diameter
4ft. 3 in.; Length 21 h. 9.1 in.; Height 6 ft: ll.75' in.; Empty Weight
970 lb.; Useful Load 450 lb. ·~

PERFORMANCE
Cruising Speed 90 mph; Maxlmuni Speed ~¥'0 0 mph; Rate 0 E Climb it
Sea L evel 1200 fpm; Rate of Descent in autorotation at Sea L evel 1400
fpm; R ange 270 mi.

237
 CALL AIR
AFTON, WYO~flNG

REMARKS
This low wing land monoplane is built exclusively for agricul-
tural dusting and spraying operations. Cabin canopy is optional
equipment. Rear seat for flagman or loader is standard. It is
available with or without dispersal equipment.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 35 ft. 5!;4 in.; Length 23 ft. 5% in .; Height 7 ft.; Empty Weight
975 lb.; Wing Loading 11.8 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading 14.3 lb.
p er bhp; Engine Lycoming, 150 hp normal rates, or 150 hp at 2700 rpm
takeoff; Fuel Capacity 25 gal.; Propeller Sensenich all-metal M74DM;
Wing Area 180 sq. ft.; Aileron Area I 0.7 sq. ft.; Fin Area 8.6 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 8.8 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 15.8 sq . ft.; Elevator Area
14 sq. ft.

======~==~~ PERFORMANCE
lVIaximum Speed 110 mph a t 150 hp at 2700 rpm at 7000 ft.; Cruise
Speed 100 mph at ll2 hp at 2400 rpm at 7000 ft.; Landing Speed 43
mph; Rate of Climb 1000 fpm at 6000 ft.; Service Ceiling 17,500 ft.;
Range with Iviaxim um Payload 235 mi.

CallAir Model A-4

,
I
I
....-
------

238
CESSNA AIRCRAFT CO.
W JCEIITA 1 4, KAi'\SAS

Cessna L-19E

REMARKS
The L-19 went back into prod1.1ction in June, 1956, with initial
deliveries in July. The L-19, nicknamed "The Bird Dog," was
used during the Korean campaign as a li aison airplane by Army
Field Forces for observation, wire laying, com.municatioNs, and
as an instrument trainer. Current production is being delivered
to the Army where airplane will serve as instrument trainer.
Foreign orders have included both France and Canada. Japanese
have been licensed to build the- L-19 in Japan. First Japanese
production n1odels came off the line in November, 1957.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; L ength 25 ft. 9 in .; Jl-leight 7 f t. 6 in.; Empty Weight
1614 lb. ; G ross \.Yeight 2165 lb.; Wing Load ing IJ.2.4 lb. per sq. ft.;
P ower Loading 10.1 lb. p er bhp ; Engine Con tinental 0-470:15, 190 hp
normal r a ted, or 213 hp at 2600 rp m ta keoff; Fuel Capacity 40 gal.;
P ropeller a ll-metal con sta nt speed; W ing Area 174 sq. ft.; Aileron Area
18.3 sq. ft. ; Flap A rea 21.24· sq. f t. ; Fi n Ar ea 9 sq. ft.; Rudder Area
9.42 (with tab) sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 19.23 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 15.95
(with t a b) sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 116 mph at 80 perc~n t hp at 2300 rpm at 5000 ft.;
Cruise Speed 91.7 knots at 29 hp at 1900 rpm at 5000 ft.; Landing
Speed 49 mph; Rate of Climb 1150 fpm at Sea Level ; Service Ceiling
20,000 ft.; Range a t Cruising Speed with 40 gal. fuel 590 mi.

239
 REMARKS

~
The L-27A is an off-the-shelf version of the Cessna Model 310
and was purchased by the Air Force to meet the need for lovv-
cost and low-maintenance administrative and light cargo trans-
0 0
portation. Air Force purchased 80 of the light twins during 1957.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; Length 26 ft.; Height 10. ft 6 in.; Empty Weight 31'16 lb .';
Gross Weight 4830 lb.; Wing Loading 27.6 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Load·
ing 10.05 lb. per bhp; Engines Two Continental 0-470-M, 240 hp at
2600 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 130 gal.; Propeller Two-bladed Hart-
zell full feathering, constant speed; Wing Area 175 sq. ft.; Aileron Area
13.4 sq. ft.; Flap Area 22.~ sq. ft.; Fin Area 14.08 sq. ft.; Rudder Area
11.78 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Are<~_ 32.15 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 22.1 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
' \
Maximum Speed 230 mph at 240 hp at 2600 rpm at Sea Level; {::ruJse
I Speed 210 mph at 70 percent hp at 2300 rpm at 8000 ft.; Lan0ipg
Speed 95 mph (single-engine go around); Rate of Climb 1590 fpm at
Sea L evel; Service Ceiling 20,000 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 21,300 ft.; R ;mge
with Maximum Fuel Load 1125 st. mi.

, h

~40
REMARKS
The Cessna T-37 A t\\ in-jet u·ainer was developed to fit the needs
of the Air Force for a primary u·ainer to be used in the USAF
pilot training program. The T-37A has side-by-side seating, per-
mitting the seating of instructor next to student instead of
tandem seating. Now in production for the USAF and under-
going final evaluation by a using command at Bainbridge Air
Base, Georgia, Southern Airways' Civilian Contract Primary
Flight SchooL Airplane will gradually be phased into other
civilian contract schools.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 33ft. 10 in.; Len gth 29ft. 3 in. ; H eight 9ft. 4 in. ; Empty \1\ eight
3890.7 lb. ; Gross \•\ eight 6403.3 lb. ; Engines Two J69-T9 Continental,
920 l b. thrust maximum at 22,700 rpm ; Fuel Capacity 309 U. S. gal.;
\ ing r ea 183.9 sq. ft. ; Aileron Area 10.74 sq. ft.; Flap AI"ea 15.10
q. ft.; Fin Area 11.54 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 6.24 sq. ft. ; Stabilizer Area
34.93 q. ft.; Elevator Area 11.64 sq. ft.; Vertical Tail Area 17.78 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
High Sp eed L evel Flight at 30,000 ft. (military power Y2 fuel) 366
kno ts; Cruise Speed normal r a ted power Y2 fuel 35,000 ft. 294 knots;
Cruise Ce iling Y2 fuel 33,400 ft.; Service Ceiling Y2 fuel normal rated
power 36,600 ft.; Range Cruise a t 35,000 ft. at 268 knots (with MIL-C-
50 11A resen es) 700 nautical mi.; Stall Speed Landing Configura tion
(design gross weight) 72 knots; Time to Climb to 35,000 ft. (takeoff
a t d esign gross weight) 31 minutes.

Cessna T-37A Trainer

REMARKS
The all-metal four-place rnodel 182 with "Land-0-Matic" gear
was first introduced to the U. S. market in Ma rch, 1956. The
airplane is designed primarily for businessmen pilots lea rning
to fly. New features include a wider landing gear by fi ve inches.
The cabin has been lowered six inches without sacrificing prop
clearance. Other new features include spring-loaded windows,
new door latch design, new exterior luggage door lock, rede-
signed panel and inside fuel drain. Equipped with Cessna "Para-
Lift" flaps with 10-20-30-LlO degrees. Rear seat can be removed
for cargo weighing more than a qu arter of a ton. Airplane h as
excellent ground handling characteristics.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; Length 26 ft.; Height 8 ft. 6 in.; Empty Weight 1560 lb. ;
Gross Weight 2650 lb .; Vl''ing Loading 15.1 lb. per sq . .ft.; Power Load·
ing 11.5 lb. per bhp; Engine Continental 0-470-L, 230 hp at 2600 rpm ;
Fuel Capacity 65 U. S. gal.; Propeller all-metal constant speed; '"' ing
Area 175 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed at Sea Level 165 mph; Cruise Speed 155 mph; Rate
of Climb 1030 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 19,800 ft.; Range at
Maximum Recommended Cruise Speed 655 mi.

Cessna 182
 Cessna 3IOB

REMARKS

~
Outstanding performance and 213 miles per hour cruise is stand-
ard on this five-place model. Oxygen and 30-gallon auxiliary fuel
0 (j system available as optional equipment. New features include
complete new interior with individual reclining seats as optional,
redesigned functional panel, larger luggage space, and double
retractable step. Wing-tip tanks have 100-gallon capacity.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; Length 27 ft.; Height 10.5 ft.; Empty Weight 2965 lb.;
Gross Weight 4700 lb.; Wing Loading 26.9 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Load-
ing 9.8 lb . p er bhp; Engines Two Continental 0-470-M, 240 hp normal
rated at 2600 rpm; Fuel Capacity 100 gal. carried in wing tip tanks, no
inboard fuel as standard; Propeller constant speed full fea thering ;
G ear tricycle; Wing Area 175 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
I Ma.ximum Speed at Sea Level 232 n1ph; Cruise Speed 213 rnph; Rate
of Climb 1 ~60 fpm; Service Ceiling 20,000 ft.; R a nge with Maximum
P ayload 850 mi.

243
 Cessna 172

REMARKS
The four-place all-metal model 172 was introduced in 1956 with
new "Land-0-Matic" gear to make flying easier primarily for
businessmen learning to fly. The low center of gravity allowed
by the new type gear provides excellent maneuverability, ease of
landing, and ground handling. The all-metal airplane is also
equipped with 'Para-Lift" Raps for greater lift on takeoff runs
and slow, easy descent when landing. More than 2500 have been
manufactured and delivered since the airplane was first intro-
duced.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; L ength 25 ft.; Height 8 ft. 6 in.; Empty Weight 1260 lb.;
Gross Weight 2200 lb.; Wing Loading 12.6 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Load-
ing 15.2 lb. per bhp. Engine Continental 0-300-A (six-cylinder), 145
hp; Fuel Capacity 42 U. S. gal.; Propeller all-metal fixed pitch; Wing
Area 175 sq. ft. '"
PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 135 mph at 145 hp at Sea Level; Cruise Speed 124
mph at maximum recommended cruise, 7500 ft. at 70 percent power;
Rate of Climb 660 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 13,300 ft.; Range
with Maximum P ayload 519 mi. or 4.2 hours at 124 mph true air speed;
Range with Maximum Fuel Load 620 mi. or 6.4 hours with true air
speed of 97 mph.

244
 I. -

Cessna Model 180

REMARKS
Design improvements a nd new feature include external luggage
compartment door, hand-operated parking brake, inside fuel
drain, redesigned instrument panel, and spring-loaded windows.
Castering wheels are standard equipment on th is model. Trim
operates fu ll hori zontal stabilizer. Equipped with Cessna "Para-
Lift" flaps with l 0-20-30-40 degree . This four-p lace model is
available on floats and skiis, and i all metal.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; Length 26 ft.; Heigh t 7 £t. 6 in.; Empty Weight 1555 lb.;
Gross Weigh t 2650 lb.; Wing Loading 15.1 lb. per sq . ft.; Power Load-
ing II.5 lb. per bhp; Engine Continental 0·470-K, 230 hp at 2600 rpm;
Fuel Capacity 65 gal .; Propeller All-Metal constant sp eed; Wing Area
175 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed at Sea Level 170 mph; Cruise Speed 160 mph; Ra te
of Climb 11 30 fpm at Sea Level; Cruising Range 675 mi.; Service Ceil-
ing 21,500 ft.

245
 CHAMPION AIRCRAFT CORP.
OSCEOLA, WISCONSIN

REMARKS
The Traveler is a full-size fully equipped plane, with the same
basic airframe as the Traveler Deluxe including the Sky-Vu
wraparound windshield, Clear-Vu tinted greenhouse and extra-
big side windows. Operating costs less than $3.00 per hour,
including maintenance and allowance for engine overhaul.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 35 ft. 2 in.; Length 21 ft. 8 in .; H eight 7 ft.; Empty Weight
929 lb .; Wing Loading 8.5 lb. p er sq. ft.; Power Loading 16.1 lb. per
bhp; Engine Continental C90-l2F, 90 hp normal rate, or 95 hp a t 2625
rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 26 gal.; Propeller McCauley Metal ; Wing
Area 170.22 sq. ft. ; Aileron Area 16.54 sq. ft.; Fin Area 7.41 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 6.80 sq. ft .; Stabilizer Area 14.08 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
11.92 sq. ft.
---
PERFORMANCE
Maximum speed 135 mph at 95 hp at 2625 rpm at Sea Level; Cruise
Speed 112 mph at 80 percent hp at 2350 rpm at Sea Level; Landing
Speed 40 mph; Rate of Climb 900 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling
15,500 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 19,000 ft.; Range with Maximum Payload
500 mi .; Range with Maximum Fuel Load 500 mi.
The tricycle gear, Tri-Traveler, differs from the Traveler specifications,
listed b elow, with a Height 8 ft. 8 in.; Empty Weight 968 lb.; Gross
Weight 1500 lb.; Useful Load 532 lb. Cruise Speed for the Tri-Traveler
is 108 mph.

Champion Traveler Deluxe

lb>........J.. __
CHANCE VOUGHT AIRCRAFT, INC.
DALLAS, TEXAS

Chance Vought F8U-l Crusader Navy Fighter

REMARKS
The FSU-1 Crusader is in production at Chance Vought Aircraft
at Dallas and is serving ·with fleet squadrons on both coasts.
The F8U-lP, photographic version of the Crusader, set the first
-~
(# 0

supersonic (at-altitude) transcontinental speed record in history

July 16, 1957, when it flew from Los Alamitos, California, to
New York (2445.9 miles) in 202 minutes, 50. seconds, refueling .
three times en route. The high wing fighter completed the Fleet
Introduction Program in J anuary and February, 1957, and the
first Crusader was delivered to a fighter squadron (VF-32 at
Cecil Field, Florida) in March, 1957, exactly two years from the
day the first XF8U- l experimental model made its first flight on
March 25, 1955. Designed for canier operations, the FSU-1 has
a two-position wing. It carries 20 mm. firing cannon and other
armament. Other specifica tions and performance data have not
been released.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 35 ft. 8 in.; Length 54 ft. 2.75 in.; Height 15 ft. 9.1 in.; Engine
Pratt & Whitney ]57.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed above 1000 mph.

247
CONVAUt, A DIVISION OF GENERAL DYNAMICS CORP.
SAN DIEGO 12, CALIFORJ~IA

Convair B-58 Hustler Supersonic Bomber

REMARKS
First flight of the B-58 was December 11, 1956 and it is now in
limited production. ~aster than sound, the B-58 was developed
by Convair for the Air Force as a complete weapon system. The
versatile Hustler carries its strategic striking power in a bullet-
like pod slung beneath the fuselage. By simply changing the
pod, the same airframe can perform a variety of missions: the
pod can carry a bomb, powerful cameras, or electronic counter-
measures equipment. It is virtually an automatic airplane and
requires a crew of but three: pilot, navigator-bombardier, and
defensive systems operator. The B-58 employs the Convair-
pioneered delta wing for speed and stability, even in the thin
air of the stratosphere.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 55 ft .; Length 95 ft.; H eight 30 ft.; Engines Four General
Electric J7 9 turboj e ts with afterburner.

PERFORMANCE
M aximum Speed Supersonic; Servi ce Ceiling above 50,000 ft. '. '

248
 REMARKS
Convair 880 is scheduled for its initial flight in January, 1959
and delivetoy to the airlines starting in 1960. In a first-class ar-
rangement, up to 88 passengers will cruise in comfortable "two-
on-the-a isle" seats at a near-sonic 615 miles per hour. In a coach
arrangement, 109 passengers can be accommodated. Despite its
great speed, the Convair 880 will be able to operate safely and
economically from existing airports in more than 150 American
cities. The 880 will fl y at altitudes from 36,000-40,000 feet, high
above turbulent weather. Its four powerful engines will be com-

cn ·---~4
mercial versions of the same General Electric ]79 turbojets that
drive Convair's B-58 Hustler supersonic bomber. Early custonl-
0 <!X!) ers for the 880 include Trans World Airlines (30); Delta Air
Lines (10) ; Transcontinental (Argentina) (4); and REAL
Aer ov ias (Brazil) (4) .

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 120ft.; Length 129 ft . 4 in.; Height 36 ft .; Empty Weight 82,100
lb .; ' 'Ving Loading 89 lb. per sq. ft.; Engines Four General Electric
CJ805-3; Fuel Capacity 10,800 gal.; Wing Area 2,000 sq. ft.; Combin ed
Vertical Area (Fin and Rudder) 295 sq. ft. ; Combined Horizontal Area
(Stabilizer and Elevator) 395 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Sp eed 61 5 mph at 95 p ercent rpm at 22,000 ft.; Cruise Speed
575 mph at 92 p ercent rpm at 30,000 ft.; L anding Speed 150 mph ; Rate
of Climb 3800 fpro at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 36,000 ft.; R ange with
Maximum P ayload 3250 mi .; R a nge with Maximum Fuel Load 3250 mi.

Convair 880 Commercial J e t Transport

Convair F-l06A Delta Dart
REMARKS
Convair's F-106A Delta Dart evolved from the Convair F-102A
Delta Dagger all-weather, supersonic, jet interceptor design. Both
employ the Convair-pioneered delta or triangular wing platform.
The F-106A _has a more powerful engine-the Pratt & Whit-
ney ]75 turbojet-and is designed to fight at even greater speeds
and altitudes than the F-l02A.
The F-l06A.'s package of guided missile armament-carried in
a bay beneath the fuselage-and electronic fire control system
give this newest interceptor great "kill probability." On com-
mand from the ground controller or pilot, the Hughes MA-l
integrated electronic guidance system directs the F-106A to target
through any kind of weather, clay or night. At the proper in-
stant, the missiles are fired automatically, and the flight control
system breaks off contact with the target and navigates the
plane's return to any of dozens of destinations selected by the
pilot or ground controller. In emergencies, the pilot can over-
ride the automatic flight control system through manual con-
trols.
A two-place version of the F-106A, designated F-106B, is under
development by Convair-San Diego. It will carry the same arma-
ment and fire control system and will be capable of performing
the same missions as the F-106A. It differs externally from the
F-l06A only in forward section of the fuselage, which will pro-
vide two tandem cockpits. F-106B forward fuselage sections are
fabricated at Convair-Fort Worth. After assembly at San Diego,
F-l06A's are flown to Convair's production flight-facility at Palm-
dale, California, for painting and electronic gear installation.
More than $263-million worth of contracts for F-106A's and F-
l-06B ~ s .. have been placed with Convair to ...date " (November I,
1957) by the Air Force. First flight of prototype F-106A: De-
cember 26, 1956; first flight of production model: August 31,
1957. .

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 38 ft. 1.6 in.; Length 70 ft. 8.78 in.; Height 20 ft. 3.32 in.; Engine
Pratt & Whitn ey ]75 turbojet.

PERFORMANCE
All data are classified.

250
REMARKS
Latest in the series of twin-engine Convair transports is the
Model 440 Metropolitan. Tailored to give quiet, safe, and eco-
nomical service over medium and short-range routes, the new
'letropolitan has been purchased by major European scheduled
a irlines, as ''ell as air carriers in the United States. Sound sup-
pression improvements, including new Convair-designed engine
exhaust muffiers, make the Metropolitan passenger cabin ex-
ceptionally comfortable. They may be equipped with weather
mapping nose radar that permits the pilot to "see" bad weather
a nd prominent terrain features as far as 150 miles ahead.

SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 105 ft. 4 in. ; Length 79 ft. 2 in.; Height 28 ft. 1 in.; Empty
'i eight 31 ,305 lb.; Gross 'il\ eight 49 ,100 lb.; Wing Loading 53.3 lb. per
sq. ft.; Power Loading 9.82 lb. per bhp; Engines Two Pratt &
'i•\ hitney R-2800-CB-17, 2500 hp normal rated ; Fuel Capacity 1730 gal. ;
Propeller Hamilton Standard, hyclromatic; ·w ing Area · 920 sq. ft.;
Aileron Area 43.8 sq. ft. ; Flap Area 182.5 sq. ft.; Fin Area 86.2 sq. ft. ;
Rudder Area 41 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 175.4 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 58.6
sq . ft.

PERFORMANCE
Cruise Speed 289 mph; Stalling Speed 86 mph; Rate of Climb 1230
fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 25,000 ft.; Range with Maximum
P ayload 400 mi.; Range with J\IIaximum Fuel Load 2450 mi.

Cotn•air 440 Metropolitan

251
 Convair TF-102A and F-102A Delta Dagger

REMARKS

~~=~=,~
Supersonic F-l02A Delta Dagger jet interceptors and TF-l02A
trainers, now in volume production at Convair-San Diego, are
in operational service with more than 20 Air Defense Command
0 0 fighter-interceptor squadrons from California to New York, ini-
tial deliveries to ADC having begun in May, 1956. _First produc-
tion version was completed in March, 1954. The F-102A elec-
tronic and arm<i'ment improvements make it a lethal weapon in
any kind of weather. After a very short takeoff and rapid climb
to more than 50,000 feet, the F-102A locks onto its target. At
proper instant, the F-l02A's electrof!ic system fires a salvo of
Falcon guided missiles or air-to-air rockets. All fuel and arma-
ment are carried inside to preserve its clean aerodynamic, delta-
wing shape in combat.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 38 ft. I in.; Length 68 ft. 3.3 in.; Height 21 ft. 2.53 in.; Engin e
Pra tt & Whitn ey ] 57-P-23 in 10,000-lb. thrust class.

PERFORMANCE
M aximum Speed Supersonic; Service Ceiling above 50,000 ft.

252
DOMAN HELICOPTERS, INC.
DAl'i"BURY, COl'il\'"ECTICliT

REMARKS
The Doman LZ-5 features a simplified rotor system that is com-
pletely enclosed, self-lubricated, and simple in appearance, fab-
rication, and operation. Blade flapping and drag hinges, damp-
ers, and grease fittings, long employed in conventional rotors,
are completely elimjnated on the Doman. All moving parts, in-
cluding controls, are located within the rotor h ead and protected
from the elements. No post-flight maintenance is required.
Equipped with an eight-cylinder 400 horsepower Lycoming en-
gine, the LZ-5 has a CAA certified o-ross weight of 5200 pounds
and will carry a payload of one ton-a payload gross weight ratio
unmatched by any other helicopter up to 12,000 pounds gross
weight.
SPECIFICATIONS
Length 38 ft.; Height 10 ft. 5 in. ; Empty V\ eight 3250 lb. ; Main Rotor
Diameter 48 ft.; Tail Rotor Diameter 10 ft.; Engine Lycoming S0-
580-AlB, 400 hp at 3300 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 119 gal.
PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed 100 mph; Cruise Speed 81 mph; Range with StandaTd
Fuel Load 486 mi.

Doman LZ-5

253
DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO., INC.
SAl'<IA MONICA, CALIFORNIA

Douglas DC-6B Transport

REMARKS
The DC-6A and DC-6B transports are enlarged versions of the
DC-6's which first flew February 15, 1946. First step in the evo-
lution was the DC-6A Liftmaster first flown on September 29,
1949. This was followed by the DC-6B, first flown February 10,
1951.- Twenty-seven of the world's leading airlines have pur-
chased 270 airplanes of the DC-6B configuration and 12 com-
mercial airlines have ordered more than 44 of the DC~6A cargo
carriers. Commercial sales of the DC-6 are past the 500 mark.
The military has ordered the DC-6A series, designated C-118
by the Air Force and R6D-l by the Navy. Thes-e can be con-
verted to troop transports or hospital planes. 54 to 89 passengers.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 117 ft. 6 in.; Length 106 ft. 6 in.; Height 28 ft. 8 in.; Empty
Weight 58,340 lb.; Gross Weight 107,000 1b. r Wing Loading 73.1 lb.
per sq. ft.; Power Loading 10.7 lb. per bl1p; Engines Four Pratt &
Whitney R-2800-CB-17, 2500 hp normal rated; Fuel Capacity 5512 gal.;
Propeller Hamilton Standard full feathering reversible pitch; Gear
tricycle, two sets of dual-type main wheels; yYing Area 1463 sq. ft.;
Aileron Area 89 sq. ft.; Flap Area 229.4 sq. ft.; Fin Area 93.4 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 49 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 210.9 sq. ft.; Ele~~ tor Area 108.9
sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 360 mph at 1,750 hp at 2300 rp_rn at 18,700 ft.; Cruise
Speed 315 mph at 1200 hp at 2300 rpm at 22,400 ft.; Landing Speed
106 mph; Rate of Climb 1100 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 21,900
ft.; Range with Maximum Payload 3393 mi.; Range with Maximum
Fuel Load 4968 mi.

254
 Douglas DC-7 Transport

REMARKS
The DC-7 is a development of the DC-6 series. The DC-7 is
eight feet longer and h as several teclu1ical improvements. First
DC-7 fli ght was on l'vl ay 18, 1953. It entered airline service six
months later and made possible nonstop transcontinental flights.
The DC-7B is equipped with saddle tanks for greater range.
Third model is the DC-7C with a ten-foot greater wing span,
40-inch longer fuselage. Added fuel carried in the extended
wing root increases operating r ange to 5000 miles with reserves.
Engine modifications provide a tota l of 400 greater climb horse-
power. C arries 64 to 95 passengers.

SPECIFICATIONS

Span I I 7 ft. 6 in .; L ength 108 ft. 11 in.; Height 28 ft. 7 in .; Gro~s

W e ight 126,000 lb.; ' 'Ving Loading 86.2 lb. p er sq. ft.; Power Loading
9.7 lb . p er bhp; Eng ines Four V\Tright R -3350 turbo compound, 3250
hp at takeoff; Fu el Capacity 6478 ga l. ; Propeller H amilton Standard,
fo ur-blade; Gear tricycle, two sets of dual m a in wheels; "Ving Area
1463 sq. ft.; A ilero n Area 85 sq. ft .; Flap Area 229 sq. ft.; Fin Area
101 sq. ft.; Rudder A rea 67 sq. ft .; Stabilizer Area 156 sq. ft.; Elevator
Ar ea 155 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed 412 mph at 2450 hp at 2600 rpm at 22,200 ft .; Cruise
Speed 358 mph a t 1,800 hp at 2; !00 rpm at 23,000 ft. ; Landing Speed
122 mph; R a te of Climb 1673 fpm a t Sea L evel; Service Ceiling 23,300
ft .; Absolute Cei ling 24,400 ft. ; R ange with M ax imum Payload 3565
mi.; R a nge with Maximum Fuel Load 5155 st. mi.
·REMARKS
Success of earlier DC-7 models in domestic U. S. operations led
to development of a larger (I 0-foot greater wing span, 40-inch
longer fuselage) version especially designed for long-range, inter-
continental airline service. This version is capable of fl.ying
nonstop between most cities of Europe and the U. S. Production
of the newest Douglas commercial transport is concurrent with
preceding DC-7 models and airliners of the DC-6 senes.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 127 ft. 6 in.; Length 112 ft. 3 in.; Height 31 ft. 8 in.; Wing Area
including aileron 1637 sq. ft. ; Empty \1\Teight 72,150 lb.; Gross _W ei'ght
143,000 lb.; Wheel Base 39 ft. 6 in.; Powerplant Wright R-3350 com_-_
pound-type EAl; takeoff 3400 bhp each; Propeller Hamilton Standard
four-bladed.

PERFORMANCE
M aximum Speed 405 mph with r a ted power; Cruise Speed 357 mpl~ ; . ,
Landing Speed 116 mph at Sea L evel; R a te of Climb 1050 fpm at
Sea Level ; Service Ceiling 21,600 ft.

Douglas DC-7C Seven Seas Tnms port

 Douglas DC-8 J et Transport

REMARKS
All m ode ls of the DC-8 h ave identical dimensio ns, differing only
in we igh t, resulting from more fuel capacity and structural
accomrnoda tio ns for the added fue l on intercontinental models.
Three power p la nts may be selected: Pra tt & ·whitney JT3C
and JT4 \ for dom es ti c models, a nd JT4 \ a nd Rolls Royce
C o n way for the inter continenta l versio ns. First flight is sched-
ul ed fo r 1arch, 1958; first delivery in November, 1959.

SPECIFICATIONS
pan 139 ft. 9 in.; L eng th 150 ft . 6 in.; Height '12 ft. 4 in.; Empty
\!\' eig ht 118,265 lb. ; T. 0. Gross ·we ight 265,000 lb.; ' 'Ving Loading
96.2 lb . p er q. [ t. ; Engin es F o ur Pratt & ' 'Vhitney JT-3C-6 Turbojet;
Fuel Capacity 17 600 ga l. ; '" ing A: r ea 2'158 sq. ft.; A ileron Ar ea 158.3
~
" ..,
l.l . w ..

sq. [t.; Flap rea 453. 7 sq . ft. ; F in Area 224.6 sq. ft. ; Rudder Area 127. 1
sq . ft. ; Stabilizer Area 392 sq . ft. ; E leva tor Ar ea 167.1 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Max im um Sp eed 586 mph a t m axi mum co ntinuo us thru st at 25,000 ft .;
Crui e Sp eed 566 mp h a t m ax imum cr uise tluust a t 30,000 ft.; Landing
Stall Sp eed 11 6 mph; Rate of Climb a t maximu m gross weigh t 1670
fpm at Sea L evel; Serv ice Ceiling a t max imum gross weight 35,500 ft .;
R a nge w ith M ax imum P ay load 4660 mi .; Absolute R a nge with Ma.x i-
m um Fu el Load 6050 mi.

257
 ~~ -~~=
~
Douglas C-133A Heavy Cargo Transport

REMARKS
The C-l 33A turboprop cargo transport has the ability to h aul a
4 1,700-pound payload 3500 n autical miles, or a 95,000-pouncl
load for distances up to 1500 nauti ca l miles. Ninety-six perce nt
of all ground force military vehicles ca n be hauled fully as-
sembled by the giant pl a ne. Two cargo entrances permit simul-
taneous front-and-rear loading into the 13,000-cubic-foot capacity
cabin which is pressurized to provide a l 0,000-foot cabin altitude
maintainable at an altitude of 35,000 feet. First flight was made
April 23, 1956. The C-l33A, developed for the Mi litary Air
Transport Service, is produced at the Douglas Long Beach Divi-
sion.

SPEC I FJCATJONS
Spa n 179 ft. 8 in .; L ength 157 ft . 6 in.; Height 48 ft. 3 in .; Empty
W eight 114,690 lb.; D es ign W eight 275,000 lb.; Wing Load ing 103 lb.
p er sq. ft. ; Power Loadin g 11 .45 lb . p er ESHP Dry Power; En g ines
Four Pra tt & Whitney T34-P7W, 6000 ESHP Sea L evel; Static dry
at 11 ,000 rpm takeoff; Fu el Capacity 18, ll2 gal.; Propeller Curtiss-
Wright CT735S-Bl00; A ileron Area 142 sq. ft.; Fin Area (including
rudd er balance) 399.5 sq. ft.; Stabil izer Area (including elevator b al-
a nce) 556 .7 sq. ft.; ·w ing Area 2673 sq. ft.; Fl a p Area (without van ~ )
411.5 sq. ft.; Rudd er Area 137.2 sq. ft.; El evator A r ea 244 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 308 kn o ts a t mrp at 200,000 lb. a t 7900 ft.; Cruise
Speed 272 kn o ts a t 99 p er ce nt maximum r a nge at 200,000 lb. at 24,000
ft.; Landing Speed 93 kn ots at 175, 000 ; R ate of Climb 1300 fpm at Sea
Level with mrp at 275,000 lbs.; Service Cei lin g 27,600 ft. at 200,000 lb .
with mrp ; Absolut e Ce ilin g 28 ,700 ft. a t 200,000 lb. with mrp; Range
at D es ign \ 1\Teight with Max imum Payload 1500 . autical mi.; R a n ge
at D es ign We ight with Max imum Fuel Load 3700 na utical mi.

258
REMARKS
The B-66B, a companion model of the RB-66, was built ex-
pressl y for tact ical bombing mi ssions. It is specially designed
to permit a wide selection of bomb combina tions. Even with
full bomb load , the B-66B's efficient power-to-,·\ eight ratio gives
ample r a nge for u·avel far over enemy territory and return.
Equipped for probe-and-drogue method of inflight· refueling,
range of the aircraft is extended indefinitely. First flight made
January 4, 1955; first aircraft delivered to Ai r Force on ·March
16, 1956 . The B-66B is produced a t the Douglas Long Beach
Division.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 72 ft. 6 in. ; Length 75 ft. 2 in .; Height 23 ft . 7 in.; Empty
\Veight '12,549 lb .; Design Gross Weight 78,000 lb .; Overload Gross
Weight 83,000 lb.; ·w ing Loading 100 lb. p er sq. ft.; Power Loading
3.73 lb. p er lb. thrust (takeoff); Engines Two Allison ]71-A- 13, 9700
lb. thrust a t 6100 rpm military r a ted, or 10,200 lb . thrust a t 6175 rpm
tak eoff; Fuel C ap acity 4483 gal.; Gear tricycle; "\t\ling Area 780 sq . ft.;
Aileron Area 32.6 sq. ft. ; Flap Ar ea 108.8 sq. ft. ; Fin Area 129.9 sq. ft.;
Rudder Ar ea 32 .5 sq . ft.; Stabilizer Ar ea ll 4-.8 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
52.2 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
All d ata are classified.

Douglas B-66B Destroyer

 Douglas WB-66 Weathet· Reconnaissance D es troyet•

REMARKS . I
The swept-wing, twin-jet RB-66 is designed in various versions'
to perform numerous specialized reconnaissance missions. Pow-
ered by two Allison .J71 engines slung in pods beneath its wings,
the RB-66 is in the 600-700 mile-per-hour cl ass and can perform
w ell at all altitudes up to 45,000 feet. It was re-engineered from
the basic design of the Douglas A3D . Like the B-66, it is equipped
for inflight refueling. The RB-66B is manufactured at Douglas
Long Beach Division; first flight made June 28, 1954; first aircraft
delivered to Air Force on February 1, 1956. The RB-66C is
produced at the Douglas Tulsa Division; first flight made Octo-
ber 29, 1955; first aircraft delivered to Air Force on May 11,
1956. The WB-66D, a weather reconnaissance aircraft, is pro-
duced at the Douglas Tulsa Division. It carries a five man crew
-pilot, navigator, gunner and two weather equipment operators.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 72 ft. 6 in.; L ength 75 ft. 2 in .; Height 23 ft. 7 in.; Empty
Weight 43,476 lb. ; D es ig n Gross \t\Teight 70,000 lb.; Overload Gross
W e igh t 83,000 lb.; Wing Loading 90 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loadin g
3.43 lb . per lb. thrust (takeoff); Engines Two Allison ]71-A-13, 9700 lb.
thru st at 6100 rpm mil itary r a ted, or 10,200 lb. thrust at 6175 rpm
takeoff; Fuel Capacity 4489 gal.; G ear tricycle ; Wing Area 780 sq. ft.;
Ailero n Area 32.6 sq. ft.; Flap Area 108.8 sq. ft.; Fin Area 129.9 sq. ft.;
Rudd er Area 32 .5 sq. ft.; Stabi lizer Ar ea 114.8 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
52.2 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
All data are classified.

260
 REMARKS
Continuing in accelerated production at Douglas El Segundo
Division, A3D-2 Skywarriors are nmv flying in carrier squadrons
as the Navy's most potent single striking force . The twin-jet
bomber, mightiest ever to operate from an aircraft carrier, first
fie"' October 28, 1952. Rated in the 600-700 mile-per-hour class,
the A3D flies long-range missions above 40,000 feet. Primarily
designed to deliver nuclear weapons, it can also carry a huge
variety of other arm ament on t\o\ el ve bomb bay racks. As recently
announced b y the N avy, two new configura tions of the Skywar-
rior are under development. They are the A3 D-2P, first jet air-
plane de ignecl exclusivel y for pho tographic miss ions, and the
A3 D-2T, fi rst Navy jet bomber trainer. The la tter will carry a
pilot, an instru ctor, and six st udents. Vling r acks ·will carry prac-
tice bombs. Both of these versions will h ave the bomb b ay re-

~
0 0
moved to accornmoclate the special eqttipment, but will retain the
twin-gun insta lla tion in the ta il. On March 21 , 1957, a transcon-
tinental speed record was broken when an A3 D-l completed a
ro und trip from Los Angeles to New York and return in 9 hours
3 1 rninutes 35.4 seconds (I hour 46 Ininutes under the old
record) . Simultaneously, the east-to-·west record was bettered.
This was 5 hours 12 minutes 39.24 seconds, more than ll minutes
faster than the previous Inark. (Both records were later topped.)

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 72 ft. 6 in. ; Len gth 74 ft. 5 in. ; Height 22 ft. 9 in. ; Engine Pratt
& "Whitney J 57. All oth er data are cl ass ified.

PERFORMANCE
0 0 Q All d a ta are cl assified .

Douglas A3D-2 Sk)'WaniOI· Attack Bomber

26.1
 REMARKS
The A4D Skyhawk was designed and built at the Douglas El
Seg{Jndo Division . The first flight was made June 22, 1954, and
fleet deliveries began in mid-1956, following carrier qualifica-
tions. The size of the A4D allowed it to operate from carriers
without folding wings, yet it is capable of carrying out long-range
missions with atom bombs, missiles, bombs, rockets, guns, ami
other weapons. Skyhawks can be refueled from tanker aircraft
and can also be converted into tankers themselves by carrying
external fuel tanks on the wing and the Douglas In-Flight Fuel-
ing Store on the centerline rack. On October 15, 1955, the A4D
se t a new F.A.I. world speed record for the 500-kilometer closed
course with an average speed of 695.163 miles per hour at Ed-
wards Air Force Base, California , bettering the. old record by
more than 45 miles per hour. Skyhawks are. co ntinuing 111 pro-
duction for both the Navy and the Marine Corps.

SPEC I FICA TJONS

Span 27 ft. 6 in .; Leng th 39 ft. 5 in. ; Gross W e ight 15,000 lb .; Engine
V\Tri ght ]65. All o ther specification s classified.

PERFORMANCE
A ll d a ta are classified.

Dougla s A4D-2 Skyhawk Attack Bomber

 Douglas AD-7 Skyraider

REMARKS
In Mar ch , 195 7, the fin a l AD -7 was deli ve red to the Navy. It
vvas the 3180th Skyraider, culmina ting a twelve-year production
sp an at th e Dou g las El Segundo Di vi sion that included fifty
different co nfigura tions . The AD was originally designed to
ca rry a 1000-pound bomb loa d , but improved models eventua lly
carried a 10,000-pound bomb load o n fifteen bomb racks, a
record for single-engine a irpl a nes.
Sk yraiders w ere availa ble in quantity at the outbreak of the
Korea n W ar, and during thi s conflict the AD 's carried the
brunt of the aerial a ttack o n en emy positions from land bases
a nd a ircraft carrier s. C onfig urations built in production quanti-
ties incl ude d ay attack, night a ttack , a nd airborne early warning.
Sin ce 1952 a ircraft carriers have had Skyraiders equipped to
ca rry a tomic b ombs . Rece ntl y, AD -6 and AD-7 models have
been eq uipped to be quickly co nverted into tankers with two
400:g a llon dror5p_a bl e tanks o n w ing r acks and the Douglas
In-F light Fueling StOJ"e, con taini ng 300 addition a l gallons plus
transfer equipment, on th e ce nterline rack.

SPECIFICATIONS
Spa n 50 ft.; L e n g th 39 ft.; Height 15 ft . 8 iH. ; Empty ' 1\Teight 12,094
lb .; Gross ' 'Ve ight 18,000 lb .; Powerpla nt ' 1\Tright R -3350, 2700 hp at
takeoff: a nd 2900 rp m; F u el Cap acity 380 gal. with provisions for two
300-ga l. drop. wing-tip ta nks; Prop ell er Aer o produ cts, four bl ades;
G ea r co n ve n t io n al r e tractable.

PERFORMANCE
All cia ta are classi fi ecl .

263
REMARKS
The F4D-l Skyray is a carrier-based interceptor designed and
built by the El Segundo Division of Douglas and is now in oper-
ation on carriers and l and bases with both the Navy and Marines.
The all-weather Skyray can intercept with missiles, rockets, and
guns, and can also carry the additional fuel required for general-
purpose fighter and ground support missions. On October 3,
1953, the F4D set a worlcl"s official speed record over a three-
kilometer (1.863-mile) course averaging 752.9 miles per hour in
four passes. On October 16, 1953, the same plane averaged
728.110 miles per hour for a 100-kilometer (62.1-mile) course rec-
ord. The Skyray also set a record for a time to climb to 10,000
feet from a standing start at 56 seconds.

SPECIFICATION.S
Span 33 ft. 6 in.; L ength 45 ft. 5 in.; Height 13 ft.; Gross Weight about
20,000 lb.; Engine Pratt & Whitney ]57 with afterburner.

PERFORMANCE
All data are classified.

Douglas F4D-l Skyra.y lnterceptm•

264
REMARKS
First flown April 21, 1956, by Douglas test pilot Bob Rahn. De-
signed for catapult takeoff from all types of aircraft carriers, the
FSD is a multi-purpose airplane and can be utilized as a general
day fighter, all-weather interceptor, or as a fLxed point inter-
ceptor. The FSD closely resembles the F4D-l Skyray, Douglas
fighter interceptor which holds three world speed records and
is now in fleet service. However, the F5D has a thinner ·wing,
finer and longer fuselage, and increased fuel capacity which give
it more speed, longer range, and higher perfonnance than the
F'lD . \.nother distinguishing feature of the Skylancer is its
V-shaped cockpit enclosure. This improved design results in a
substantial increase in speed over the more conventional flat
faced windshield. Extensive use of integrally stiffened "1Ning
skins milled from alurninum alloy plate permits the wings to
double as self-contained fuel tanks, while the craft's sliver-like
fuselage also contains a fuel cell. The Skylancer is currently
undergoing development.

SPECIFICATIONS
Engine Pra tt &: ' •Vhitney ] 57 with afterburner. All other data classi-
fied.

PERFORMANCE
All data a.re classified.

Douglas F5D-l Skylancer Fightet·

265
---

FAJRCIDLD AIRCRAFT DIV.

FAIRCH~LD ENGINE & AIRPLANE CORP.
HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAI'o'l)

REMARKS
The first F-27 will be delive red m the Spring of 1958. Designed
for the medium and short-range requirements of the regional air-
lines, the 40-seat F-27 introduces a number of passe nger comfort
firsts in addition to vibrationless propjet power a nd speed. The
pressurized F-27 is completely a ir conditioned on the ground as
well as in flight. Cabin and cockpit temperatures are controlled
independently. The high-wing configuration, which provides
inherent stability, makes possible faster ground loading and off
loading. The 90" x 70" cargo door is only 43 inches from the
ground-at truck bed height-eliminating the need for special
loading equipment. "Route time" studies show the F-27's oper-
ating costs will be lower than those of comparable twin-engine
aircraft. As a IO to 16-pasenger executive transport, the F-27
offers 300 miles-per-hour speeds, cross-country range, and the
same short takeoff and landing capability as the airline version .
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 95 ft. 2 in.; Length 77 ft. 1.5 in.; Height 27 ft. 6 in.; Empty
Weight 22,237 lb.; Gross Weight 35,700 lb .; Wing Loading 17.3 lb. per
sq. ft.; Power Loading I I .2 lb. per shp; Engine Rolls Royce Dart-
RDa 6jMK51 I, 1600 shp at 14,500 rpm takeoff, or RDa 7 jM K528,
1800 shp at 15,000 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 1320 gal.; Propeller
Rotor, four-blade, constant speed; vVing Area 754 sq. ft.; Aileron Area
37.6 sq. ft.; Total Flap Area 590 sq. ft.; Vertical Tail including dorsal
153 sq. ft.; Rudder Area (aft of hinge line) 33 sq. ft.; Horizontal Tail
Surfaces 172 sq. ft.; Elevator Area (aft of hinge lin e) 34 sq. ft.
PERFORMANCE
(RDa 6jMK511 engine) Cruise Sp eed 280 mph at 13,600 rpm at
20,000 ft.; Rate of Climb 1500 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 32,000
ft.; Range with Maximum Fuel Load 2250 mi.

Fairchild F-27 Passenger Transport

~
1-'27
 Fairchild C-l23B Transport

REMARKS
Normal caTgo load of the C-l23B is 16,000 pounds. It is
equipped with integral hydra ulically operated ramp and cargo
door. Tie down fittings are stressed for 10,000 pounds in any
direction and are spaced on the cargo compartment floor on a
20-inch grid pattern. The C-123B was designed specifically as a
cargo plane and ca n carry 60 fully-equipped troops, and 50 litter
patients.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 110 ft.; Length 76 ft. 3 in.; H eight 34 ft. I in.; Empty Weight
31,620 lb.; ·wing Loading 4<1 lb . p er sq. ft. ; Pow er Loading 10..8 lb. p er
bhp ; Engine R -2800-99W (Pratt & Whitney) 1900 hp normal rates,
or 2500 hp at tjo rpm takeo ff; Fuel Cap acity 2362 gal .; Propeller
Hamilton Standard three-blade ; Wing Area 1223.2 sq. ft.; Aileron
Area 83.2 sq. ft. each; Flap Area 135.2 sq. ft. ; Fin Area 186.7 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 59.2 sq. ft. ; Stabilizer \rea 217.7 sq. ft. ; Elevator Area
127.9 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 208 mph at 1800 hp a t 2600 rpm at 13,000 ft .; Cruise
Speed 186 mph at 1150 hp at 2150 rpm at Sea L evel; Landin g Spee 1
85 mph ; Rate of Climb ll05 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceilino· 29,000
ft.; Ab~o lute Ceiling 30,000 ft.; R a nge with 18,000 lb. paylo~ I 1000
mi.; R a nge with Maximun'l Fuel L oacl 2400 mi.

261
FLETCHER AVIATION CORP.
ROSEMEAD, CALIFORNIA

Fletcher FU-24 Utility

REMARKS
The Fletcher Utility is designed to accommodate a hopper,
spreader, and other equipment required in dusting or fertilizing.
The construction of this plane permits simple installation of
special equipment to meet individual needs. Provisions h ave
been made to install a spray pump that can be belt driven off of
the engine. Also used for hauling machinery a nd equipment,
sea rch and rescue work, transporting work crews and materials,
or as a flying fire watcher. To date 67 have been put in opera-
tion in the New Zealand aerial agricultural program.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 42 ft.; L ength 31 ft. 10 in.; Height 9 ft. 4 in.; Empty Weight
1870 lb .; Wing Loading 11.9 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading 15.5 lb. per
bhp; Eng in e Continental 0 -470-N, 240 hp normal rates; Wing Area
294 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Speed 130 mph; Cruise Speed 110 mph at 75 p ercent normal
r ated power a t Sea L evel; Rate of Climb 745 fpm at Sea Level; Service
Ce iling 17,000 ft. ; R a n ge with M aximum P ayload 410 mi.

268
GOODYEAR AIRCRAFT CORP.
AKRON 15, 0010

REMARKS
In March, the Navy ZPG-2 set a new world record for continuous
flight (more than 300 h ours).

SPECIFICATIONS
Width 75 ft. ; L ength 343 ft. ; H eigh t l OS ft.; Empty ' '' eight 48,000 lb.;
Engin es T 1 o W right R-1 300, 700 hp normal rates, or 800 hp at 2600
rpm takeoff; Fuel Capac it 3220 gal. without a tLx ili ary tan ks; Propeller
Curti sE lectri c; Envelop' o lume 1,000 000 cu. ft. ; Fin \rea (Four) 2070
total sq . ft.; Rudd er . rea (Four) 988 tota l sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed 70 kn o ts; Crui e Speed 50 knots; Rate of Climb
2200 fpm a t Sea L evel.

U.S. NAVY

Goodyear ZPG-2W

269
Goodyear ZS2G-l
REMARKS
Power loading of this ship varies according to heaviness. Land-
ing speed also depends on heaviness; it could be zero at equi-
librium ceilings, depending on atmospheric conditions. Under
standard conditions, ceiling is about 9000 feet. It can be higher
if helium is valved.
SPECIFICATIONS
Width 68 ft.; Length 285 ft.; Height 92 ft.; Empty Weight 29,000 lb.;
Engines Two '1\Tright R-1300-4, 700 hp normal rates, or 800 hp at
2600 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 2300 gal.; Propeller Curtiss Electric;
Envelope Volume 650,000 cu. ft.; Fin Area 653 sq. ft.; Rudder Area
235 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 653 sq. ft. each; Elevator Area 235 sq. ft.
each.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 73 knots; Cruise Speed 50 knots; Rate of Climb 2400
fpm at Sea Level.

270
GRUMMA.i~ AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING CORP.
BETHPAGE, LONG I S LM iU, i\""EW YORK

REMARKS
The FllF-1 Tiaerb
Fiahter
b
(Navy) was the nation's first aircraft
to use the "area rule" or indented fuselage concept. Originally
designated F9F-9. Simplicity of design is evident throughout.
vVings, swept to same degree as Cougars, are extremely thin.
Entire upper and lower wing skins are machined from single
sheets of aluminum alloy. Small portion of wing near the tip
folds clown manually for carrier storage. First flight was made
July 30, 1954. Capable of carrying the most modern external
stores, including air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles. A faster
version, the FllF-lF, powered by a General Electric J79 engine
and afterburner, was developed and flown successfully at Ed-
wards Air Force Base, California, in May, 1956.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 31 ft. 7 in.; Length 40 ft. 10 in.; Height 12 ft. 8 in.; Engine
Wright ]65-vV-6 with afterburner.

PERFORMANCE
A ll data are classified.

Grumman FllF-1 Tiger Fighter

 Grumman S2F-l Tracker

REMARKS
First anti-submarine carrier aircraft combining search and attack
elements in one plane. Carries crew of four. Exceptional single-
engine performance. Can la9-d and take off from smallest car-
riers. Three modifications
r
of S2F-l.
also in production: S2F-2
features enlarged torpedo bay, while TF-1 is a passenger-cargo
trainer-utility version, and WF-2 is early-warning version.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 69 ft. 8 in.; Length 42 ft. 3 in.; Height 16 ft. 3 in.; Engines Two
Wright R-1820-82, 1525 hp takeoff.

PERFORMANCE
All data are classified.

272
REMARKS
T he A lbatross, Grumman's la rgest amphibian, is used by the
Air Force, Navy, and Coas t Guard as a general utility aircraft
apa ble of performing as a hospital plane or for air-sea rescue,
argo, transport or photogra phic du ty. On active service with
ever y A ir Force Rescue Squadron throughout the world. Crew:
6. The SA-16B, a longer-r<mge, fa ter version (pictured), has a
g rea ter wingspan and larger horizontal and vertica l surfaces
th a n the SA-l6A, and is being integrated into Air Force service.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span SO ft. ; L e ng th 61 ft. 4 in .; H ight 24 ft. 5 in.; Engin es T\\o
Wright R-1820-76, 1425 hp takeoff.

PERFORMANCE
Maximun1 Sp eed 277 mph ; Cruise Sp eel 23 0 mph.

Grumman SA-l6B Albatross

J
 Grlllllman F9F-8T Cougar . .,
"
i

REMARKS
The F9F-8T Cougar is a two-seat version of the F9F-8 fighte!·
The "8T" is the Navy's only transonic fighter trainer. In addi-
tion to being ready for service as an operational fighter, the
two-seater permits Navy fliers to make a rapid transition to high
performance fighter aircraft. A photo version of the Cougar, the
F9F-8P, is also in service with the Navy.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 34 ft. 6 in.; L e n g th 48 ft. 6.5 in .; Height 12 ft. 1.2 in .; Engine
Pratt & Whitney J 48-P-8A.

PERFORMANCE
A ll d ata are classified.

274
HELlO AIRCR.J\.FT CORP.
PITTSBURG, KANSAS

REMARKS
This a ll-metal "hel ioplane" combines high speed and long
range economy with stall-proof, slow flight and ultra short field
utility. Takeoff and landing distance over 50-foot obstacle, no
wind, at sea level, at gross weight, is 165 yards. Sea-level takeoff
run, no wind is under 75 yards. The plane has full controllability
down to speeds of 30 miles per hour. Eleven new features of the
Courier are: full span leading-edge slats, high-lift slotted flap, lm -.
drag cantilever wing, geared engine an~ over-size propeller, an
advanced control system, large landing gear, Goodyear castering
wheels, speci"al over-strength cabin and seat structure, new Gris-
wold single-strap seat and chest belt, large baggage compartment
and t>' o large doors, left front and right rear. Airplane is also
· certificated on Edo floats and Federal wheel-ski gear.

SPECIFICATIONS

Span 39 ft.; Length 30 ft.; Height 8 ft. 10 in.; Empty \-\Teight 1880 lb.;
Gross Weight 3000 lb.; Overload Gross Weight 3500 lb. (per CAR 08) ;
Engine L ycoming G0-435-C2B, 240 hp normal rated, or 260 hp ~t
3<100 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 60 gal.; Propeller constant speed·
\Ving Area 231 sq. ft.; Flap Area 74 percent span. '

PERFORMANCE

Maximum Speed 169 mph at 100 percent hp at Sea Level ; Cruise

Speed 160 _mph at 69 percent hp at 8500 ft.; Landing Speed 30 mph;
Rate of Chmb 1300 fpm; Service Ceiling 23,000 ft.; Range with Ma..xi-
mum Fuel Load 800 mi. at ave rage true airspeed 150 lJlph.

·, .. ·
Helio Courier

/
HILLER HELICOPTERS
PALO ALTO , CALIFORNIA

Biller B-23D (Army)

REMARKS
Major improvements of the H-23D over previous models include
1000 hour overhaul life drive system and a 50 horsepower in-
crease (250 horsepower Lycoming V0-435). The advanced com-
mercial UH-l2D-l further improves performance by installation
of the 300 horsepower Lycoming V0-540 engine.

SPECIFICATIONS
Main Rotor Diameter 35 ft.; Anti-torque Rotor Diameter 5 ft. 5 in.;
Height 9 ft. 8 in.; Empty Weight 1789 lb .; Fuselage Length 27 ft. 8 in.;
Useful Load 639 lb .

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 92 mph at Sea Level; Cruise Speed 66 mph at Sea
Level; Rate of Climb 1030 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 12,600 ft.;
Range with Maximum Payload 173 mi .

276
KA1\1AN AIRCRAFT CORP.
BLOOlllFIELD, COl'i'NECTICUT

REMARKS
General utility design can be readily converted to ambulance
version carrying two litter patients and one medical attendant
or an additional ambulatory patient, in addition to the pilot.
The HOK-1 uses the patented Kaman servo-flap for blade con-
u·ol. The triple vertical fins provide directional stability in high
speed flight. Stabilizer controllable from collective pitch control.

SPECIFICATIONS
R o tor Diameter 47 ft. ; L ength 25 ft. ; H eight 11 ft. 10 in.; Engine
Pratt & ' "' hitn ey R-1 340, 600 hp at 2700 rpm.

PERFORMANCE
Ma)drnum Speed 95 knots a t 8000 ft. ; Cruise Speed 5·5 ' knots; Ma.."'<i-
mum R ate of Climb 1300 fpm ; Servi ce Ceiling 18,000 ft.; R a nge with
i'vfa.."'<imum P ayload 220 mi.

Kaman HOK-1 (Air Force H-43A)

LOCKHEED AIRCRAFI' CORP.
BURBANK, CALIFORNIA

REMARKS
The Electra's first flight was scheduled for January 31, 1958. But
production and flight test crews teamed to beat this goal by
a wide margin, and the first Electra was airborne in 1957.
Designed primarily for heavily traveled short-to-medium-range
routes, the Electra is capable of transcontinental nonstop flight.
However, it specia lizes in economical operation on shorter stages,
rapid turnaround time a t intermediate stops, altitude flexibility,
fast block speeds on short and medium range flights. It carries
from 66 to 91 passengers. It is powered by four Allison 501
prop-jet engines developing 3750 horsepower each and Aero-
products 606 four-bladed propellers. Its po,.ver plants are half
the weight of comparable piston engines and fit into nacelles
only half as wide as for reciprocating units. Both cockpit
and cabin feature excellent visibility, independent climate
controls. Test flight program began well before Hight of the
first article, with both Lockheed and Allison Hying the Electra's
power plants on other test vehicles. Eastern Air Lines will put
the Electra in service late in 1958. Other airlines ordering the
Electra include American Airlines, National Air Lines, Braniff
International Airways, Western Air Lines, KLM Royal Dutch
Airlines, Cathay Pacific, PSA-Pacific Southwest Airlines, Garuda
Indonesian Airways, Ansettj ANA, and Aeronaves de Mexico.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 99 ft.; Length 10'1 ft. 6.5 in .; H eight 32 ft. ll in .; Empty Weight
56,000 lb.; Gross ·weight 113,000 lb.; Engines Four Allison 501 -D-13
prop-jet, 3750 hp normal rated; Fuel Capacity 5360 gal.; \Ving Area
I 300 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
l\IJaxj mum Speed 448 mph; Cruise Speed 405 mph ; R a te of Climb
2400 fpm; Service Ceiling 30,000 ft.; Range with Maximum Payload
2360 mi .; Range with Maximum Fu el Load 2830 mi. with r ese rves.

Lockheed Electra
 Lockheed F-104A Stnrfighter

REMARKS
Can climb as fast as it flies straight and level. First downward
ejection seat for a production jet fighter. First production fighter
to incorporate boundary layer control. With BLC Starfighter
can land in Jess distance than any present-day jet fighter. Razor-
thin ·win g of Starfighter are thinner even than those on rocket
research planes. A felt covering over the wing's leading edge
protects ground uewmen ·w hen the pl ane is not flying. Star-
fighter is designed to carry mis iles, rockets or even atomic
bombs. F-104 design described a "the ultima te configuration
for a manned fighter ." Two-seat fighter (F-104B) also in pro-
duction.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 21 ft . 11 in .; L eng th S4 ft. 9 in.; Height 13 ft. 6 in .; Weighs less
than any operational je t com bat plane; Engin e General Electric J79.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum peed Ultrasonic; Service Ceiling upper stratospl1ere.

279
 Lockheed G-l30A Hercules Troop /Cargo Transport

REMARKS
First production aircraft ·were delivered to the Tactical Air
Command in 1956. The first prototype flew at Burbank, Cali-
fornia, in 1954 and the first C-I30A, the prod,u ction version, flew
at Marietta, Georgia, in April, 1955. The C-l~OA's military mis-
sions for the Tactical Air Forces include transport of personnel
and material for delivery by parachute or landing as required.
It can airlift up to 18 tons gross in a cargo c_9mpartment which
has a clear cub age 41 feet by I 0 feet by 9 feet. Up to 92 troops
can be accommodated. As an aerial ambulance, it has provisions
for quick installation of 74 litters. Normal crew is four: pilot,
copilot, systems manager, and navigator.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 132 ft. 6.9 in.; Length 97 ft. 9 in.; Height 38 ft. 9 in.; Empty
Weig ht 58,700 lb.; Wing Loading 71.3 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading
8.3 lb. per eshp; Engines Four Allison T56-A-1A, 3375 eshp norm al
power, or 3750 eshp at takeoff; Fuel Capacity 5080 gal.; Propeller
A eroproducts three blades, 15 ft. di a m ~ t e r; ·wing Area 1745 sq. ft.;
Aileron Area 110 sq. ft.; Flap Area 342 sq . ft.; Fin Area 225 sq. ft.;
Rudder Area 75 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 381 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
155 sq . ft.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Sp eed 360 mph at norm al hp a t 18,000 ft.; Cruise Speed 350
mph a t n o rmal hp a t 25,000 ft. ; Stall Speed 95 mph; Rate of Climb
2300 fpm a t Sea L evel; Service Ceiling 32,000 ft.; Range with 36,900
lb. P ayload 1730 mi.; Range with l'vl ax irnum Fu el Load 2800 mi.

280
REMARKS
Model 10<19H is a cargo-convertible-to-passenger version of the
1049G Super Constellation, with a fuselage specially stressed and
designed for cargo loads up'·' arcls of 20 tons. Easily convertible
to 94 passenger (crew of 9) configuration, with removable cabin
racks, sidewall linings, lavatories, buffet, and other facilities sud1
as reading lights and passenger service equipment.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 123 fl.; Length 113 ft. 7 in. ; H eight 24 ft. 9 in.; Empty ·weight
70,686 lb.; Max imum Gross Takeoff 'Weight 140,000 lb.; Wing Loading
84.8 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading 10.6 lb. per bhp; Engines Four
\•\ right 98STC18EA6, 2860 bhp normal ra ted at Sea Level, or 3400 hp
at 2900 rpm takeoff at Sea Level ; Fuel Capacity 6550 gal.; Propeller
Hamilton Standard <13H60-331; Wing Area 1650 sq. ft.; Aileron Area
99.6 sq. ft.; Flap Area 295.4 sq. ft .; Fin Area 216.8 sq. ft.; Rudder Area
91.2 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 356.8 sq. ft. ; Eleva tor Area 106.8 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 346 mph at 2390 hp at 2600 rpm at 19,400 ft.; Cruise
Speed 327 mph at 1810 hp at 22,600 ft.; Landing Speed 99 mph; Rate
of Climb normal rated power 1685 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling
28,100 ft. at 113,000 lb.; Range with Maximum Payload 2837 mi.;
R a nge with Maximum Fuel Load 4447 mi.

Lockheed 10491:1

281
REMARKS
The l649A Starliner's new wing, designed for maximum speed;
range characteristics, resulted in several long-distance flight rec-
ords: Burbank-Paris, Burbank-Hamburg, Los Angeles-London,
New York-Athens, and London-San Francisco. Fastest California-
Europe time was 16 hours 21 minutes between Burbank a nd
Paris. Carrying 58 to 62 passengers in luxury configuration, or
up to 92 tourist style, the 1649A features extremely low cabin
sound levels because engines are placed farther out on long wing
and propeller tip travel slowed. Provisions are made for wea ther
surveillance; navigational radar to permit avo id ance of turbulent
a1r.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 150 ft.; Length 116 ft. 2 in.; Height 23 ft. 5 in.; Gross \!\Ieigh t
156,000 lb.; Engines Four Wr ight EA-2 R-3 350 turbo-compound, 3400
hp; Fuel Capacity 9600 gal. ; W in g Area 1850 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Speed 372 mph at 18,600 ft.; Cruise Speed 342 mph a t
22,600 ft.; Landing Speed 101 mph; Rate of Climb 1660 fpm a t Sea
Level; Service Ceiling 29,700 ft.; Range with Space Limit 5000 rm. ;
~~~-/
'ri~
I oo' ~ 00 I
Range with Maximum Fuel Load 6320 mi. plus reserves.

Lockheed l649A Starline•·

 Lockheed P2V-7 Ne ptune

REMARKS
The P2V-7 is the la test in the Neptune anti-su bmarine series.
Identifying features are the double-bubble ca nopy, jet pod en-
gines suppleme nting its turbo-compound powerplants, and an
elongated tai l hou sing MAD (magn etic an omaly detector) gear
for locating und erwatei~ craft. A versatile p lane, the Neptune
,can be converted for patrol, mine laying or torpedo bomber
duty. The jet engines, included now on all production pl anes,
can b e u sed when ever desired: for extra power on takeoffs and
extra speed a t a n y time during mission. Lockheed modified
earlier P2V-5 and P 2V-6 airpla nes with j et pods. Foux sk i-

~
eq uipp ed Neptunes were flown b y Navy in Operation Deep-
freeze III a t South Pole.
0 0
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 101 ft. 6 in . with t ip tanks; L eng th 91 ft . 5 in .; Height 29 ft.
'1 in. ; E mpty ·w eight '16,04-6 lb., with jet p od eng in es 49,'156 l b .; Gross
' '\ eight 75,310 l b., wit h j et pods 78,760 lb .; E n g in es Two Wright
R -3350-32W tmbo-compound, 3250 h p, a nd Two ·wes tinghouse J31
e ng in es in pods, 3'100 lb . thrust; P ro p eller Hami lto n Sta nd ard fo ur-
b lad e; '" ing Area 1000 sg. f t.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Speed witho u t pods 34·5 mph ; Ser vice Ceilin g 23,000 ft.
·without pods.

283
 Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star

REMARKS
The T-33 is a development of the F-80 Shooting Star, first stand-
ard jet plane in the military services. It has been in service since
1948 and is now being built for both the Air Force and N_avy
and also several fore~gn powers through the :Mutual Defense
Assistance Pact. T-33's are also being produced by Canadair
Ltd., Montreal, for the Royal Canadian Air Force and Kawasaki
Aircraft, GIFU, for the Japanese Air Self Defense Force. In
addition to being the standard jet trainer in this country, T-33's
have been used to train pilots from Holland, France: Belgium,
Turkey, Greece, Denmark, Norway, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Yugo-
slavia, Nationalist China, Japan, Thailand, Cuba, Colombia,
Venezuela, Peru, Chile, and the Philippines. Crew: 2.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 38 ft. 10.5 in.; Length 37 ft. 8 in.; Height 11 ft. 8 in.; Empty
Weight 8400 lb.; Gross Weight 15,000 lb.; Wing Loading 60.8 lb.
per sq. ft.; Engine Allison J33-35, 5400 lb. thrust at 11,750· rpm a~ Sea
Level; Fuel Capacity 683 gal. including tip tanks.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Spe ed 580 mph; Rate of Climb 5525 fpm; Service Ceiling
45,000 ft.; Range 1345 mi.

284
REMARKS "
The T2V- l is the fLrst U . S. production a irplane with bound a ry
layer co ntrol as standard equipment, a nd the first two-place jet
trainer for pilot tra ining on seagoing a.ircraft carriers. The sea-
go ing T2V-1 , which flies its student-in su·u ctor crew at a 600
mile-per-hour clip but la nds a t o nly 97 miles per hom·, can per-
form a ll the m a neuvers of a sta nda rd Navy fighter. Its boundary
layer co ntrol sys tem b y which compressed air from the engine is
ch an neled into the wing and squirted through tiny holes directed
a t the Ra ps ca uses norma l a iTflow to hu g the control surfaces and
prov id e greater lift as ,,, e ll as improved anti-sta1l performance.
Other nevv feat ures a re a r aised rea r eat to give the "back-seat
driver" fu ll e r v ision; rnovab le slats o n the w ings' leading edge,
for b etter low-speed sta bility; a n anes ting hook for ca rrier la nd-
in gs; a hi gher a nd la rger horizontal stabili zer than on previous
Lockheed jet tra iners; and a simplified cockpit,, ith instruments
whi d1. give t wo readings from one dia l. T2V-l's are now in pro-
duct ion a t Lockheed's California Divis ion , Burba nk, California.

SPECIFICATIONS
Spa n 42 ft. including- 203-ga l. t ip ta nks; L e ng th 38 ft.; Height 13 ft .;
A pprox im a te Gross Takeoff '" e ight 16,400 lb. ; EngiJ1e Allison J33;
Fuel Capacity 760 gal.

PERFORMANCE
Max imum Speed 600 mph; Landing Speed 97 mph; Approximate
Range 900 mi.

Lockheed T2V-l SeaStar

285
 ~
I

Lockheed RC-l2ID Super Constellation

REMARKS
The RC-l2lD, newest version, has added two 600-gallon wingtip
fuel tanks and a 1000-gallon fuselage tank for extra hours aloft.
Fuel capacity on the RC-l21D totals 8750 gallons, 2200 gallons
more than previous models. These high-altitude reconnaissance
aircraft bulge with more than six tons of electronic detection
apparatus. The craft are designed to carry the military se!vices'
most powerful search radar to high altitudes where radar beams
(wh tch cannot bend over the horizon) attain their maximum
efflc tiveness in spotting either surface or air targets. Exact effec-
tive range of the radar was not revealed. RC-l2l's are special
versions of Lockheed's Super Constellation. The Air Force ver-
sion is being used to give air-defense forces extra-early warning
of approaching targets. The WV-2's are used by the Navy to
screen U. S. fleets and provide seaward extensions of the Dew-
line. Two complete flight crews plus a group of electronics
specialists, a total of 31 men in all, make up the flying ship's
complement. WV-3 (weather reconnaissance version) now in
operation with U . S. Navy.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 123 ft.; Len g th 116 ft.; H eight 26 ft.; Empty Weight 81,000 lb. ;
Gross \t\Teight 145,000 lb. (based on claim with two wing tip tanks);
vVing Loading 87 lb. per sq. ft.; Engines Four Wright R-3350-34, 3250
hp takeoff, 2600 hp cruise; Fu el Capacity 8000 plus gal.; Propeller
Hamil ton Standard 6903A three-blad ed 15 ft.; Wing Area 1650 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
1\!Iaximum Speed approximately 300 mph; Cruising Sp eed 200 plus
mph; Landing Speed 105 mph; R ate of Climb 800 fpm; Service Ceiling
20,000 plus ft. ; R a nge w ith Maximum Fuel Load 3500 plus nautical mi.

286
.McDOi""NELL AIRCRAFT CORP.
ST. LOUIS 3. MI SS OURI

REMARKS
T h e F-1 0 l A cLu-rentl y holds the official world's speed record of
1207. 6 miles per hour. (See Av ia tion Events.)
Desig ned to meet A ir Force requirements for a high-perform-
a n ce, strategic fighter, the F-lOL\ (pictured here) has been in
squadron service with the T ac tica l A ir Command since l\IIay,
1957. \ 1\Tith its all-weather r ad a r a nd \ersa tile heavy armament,
the F-1 0 lA can perform the role of a fighter and is designed to
deliver the a tomic bomb at extreme ranges, utilizing its unique
inflight refueling capabilities. It utilizes the "flying boom,"
"probe-drogue, " and buddy tank sys tems of inflight refueling.
1\lfost of the unusually large fuel load which gives the Voodoo
such extrerne range is contained in the fu selage. Provisions have
also been m ade for carrying extra fuel externally. On missions of
shorter r a nge, this large capacity can be utilized to carry a huge
payload of bombs and rockets. Both ·wings and stabilizer are
swept back at an angle of 35 degrees. The wing skin consists
of heavy, tapered, pre-formed sections. Like the other two ver-
sions of the Voodoo, the F-IOl A employs a tricycle landing gear
and hydraulically-operated retractable speed brakes in the aft
fuselage section.
The F-lOlB, newest version of the fighter, successfully completed
its first test flight on March 27, 1957. It is a two-seat interceptor
designed for duty with the USAF's Air Defense Command. Simi-
lar in a ppearance to the F-IOl A, it ·w ill carry a radar observer
and have additional armament and electronic equipment. The
F-lOlB will operate u h der all-wea ther conditions to execute two
primary missions-the identification of unknown aircraft, and
their destruction if they are hostile. In addition to being a long-
range interceptor, the F-lOlB is designed to achieve exceptional
"climb" performance and to operate at extremely high altitudes.
The Voodoo interceptor is capable of inflight refueling by the
"probe-drogue" system.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 40 ft.; Length 67 ft. 5 m. ; H e ig ht 18 ft.; Eng ines Two Pratt &
Whitney J57.
PERFORMANCE
Speed over 1200 mph . All other d a ta classifi ed .

l\fcDonnell F-IOlA Voodoo

 REMARKS
The RF-101 Voodoo photo-reconnaissance plane is a supersonic
photo-recon aircraft and currently holds three transcontinental
speed records. (See Aviation Events.) First squadron deliveries
were made to the Tactical Air Command on May 6, 1957. The
RF-101 closely resembles its fighter counterpart. Slightly lighter
in ·weight, the RF-101 has the same high performance character-
istics as the fighter version of the Voodoo. Its two Pratt & \1\Thit-
ney J57 engines give the Voodoo 20,000 pounds of thrust class,
without afterburning. The RF-101 employs a tricycle landing
gear and hydraulically-operated retractable speed brakes in the
aft fuselage section. The photo reconnaissance Voodoo was de-
veloped through the joint efforts of the Air Force Reconnaissance
Laboratory at Wright Air Development Center and McDonnell
Aircraft.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 40 ft.; Length 69 ft. 3 in.; Height 18 ft.; Engines Two Pratt &
Whitney ]57.

PERFORMANCE
Speed over 1000 mph. All other data classified.

McDonnell RF-101 Voodoo

288
 McDonnell F3H-2 Demon

REMARKS
The McDonnell F3H Demon is a single place, high performance,
general purpose jet fighter for the Navy. It is one of the fastest,
all-weather fighters in fleet operation. The Demon is produced
in three versions-the F3H-2N, F3H-2l\II, and the F3H-2. In
addition to four 20 mm rapid-firing. cannon, this extremely versa-
tile airplane carries unusually ·heavy loads of various external
combinations of missiles, including the Sparrow III and Side-
winder, rockets, bombs, fuel tanks, and miscellaneous stores de-
pending on the nature of the mission. The Demon, which com-
bines interceptor speeds and fighter maneuverability ·with the
payload of an attack bomber, has a 45-deg.ree s·wept wing, de-
signed fo~- supersonic spe;ds, a nd its r adar assures all-weather
a nd night operational ability. The Allison J7l engine which.
powers the F3H provides in excess "of I 0,000 pounds of thru st
without afterburner. The F3H now has been iri opera tiona l
service for nearly two years, and the plane has been enthusi-
astically received by pilots of both Atlantic and P aci fi c fle et
squadrons.

SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 35 ft. 4 in.; L ength 58 ft. II in .; H e ight 14 ft. 7 in .; Empty
' 'Veight 22,133 lb.; Engine .J7l -A-2, 10,000 lb . thrust class ; Fuel C ap acity
1506 gal.; w ·ing Area 519 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
All d a ta a re cla ssified .

21!9
THE MARTIN CO.
BALTIMORE 3, MARYLAND

REMARKS
The !viarlin is an advanced anti-submarine warfare seaplane in
service with Navy patrol squadrons in both Atlantic and Pacific
fleets. Plane carries electronic search and detection gear, includ-
ing a radar scanner in its bow radome and a Magnetic Airborne
Detector unit on its tail assembly. Marlin is the first seaplane
with the "New Look" in hull design, featuring an extended hull
afterbody. Hydroflaps installed on both sides of this afterbody
near the tall T-shaped tail serve as a brake when opened to-
gether, or as a rudder when opened separately. Plane carries a
crew of seven, and a substantial load of depth charges, bombs,
torpedoes, rockets, andjor mines.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 118 ft.; Length 98.9 ft.; Height 3·3 ft.; Hull Width 10 ft.; Gross
'1\Teight over 73,000 lb.; Engines Two Wright R·3350·32'N; Propeller
Hamilton Standard four-blade reversible.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 250 mph; Landing Speed 97 mph; Range 2500 nauti-
cal mi.; Fuel Capacity 3635 gal.; Takeoff Power 3400 bhp.

Martin PSM-2 Marlin

290
 Martin P6M-l SeaMaster

ReMARKS
This Navy attack seaplane features long slender hull with a high
T-shaped tail and twin sets of streamlined engine nacelles atop
swept-back wings. Has ·w ater-tight rotary mine door on which a
variety of weapons, including mines or camera pod, can be in-
stalled interchangea_bly while the plane is .afloat or on its beach-
ing gear. Fixed wing-tip floats provide buoyancy while the plane
is at rest in the · water. Hyclroflaps on both sides of the hull ·
afterbody ac t as a brake when opened together, or as a rudder to
permit short turns 1·v hen ' opened separately_,__ Hinged p a~1el s
extending the full length ai1d width o'f engine nacelles permit
engine changes while afloat.

SPEC.IFICATIONS

-=1f---
' l ~ '
Span I 00 ft.; Length 13'1 ft.; Height 31 ft.; Payload 30,000 lb.; E.-r~gin es
Four Allison ]71 turbojets; ·wing Area 1900 sq. ft.; Vertical '1 di l Area
213 sq. ft.
"
r/

~••
~
, .·J
PERFORMANCE
M a.. <imum Speed over 600 mph; Normal Cruise Altitude 40,000 ft. ;
Unxduelecl Combat R adius 1500 mi.; Gro ss ·w eight 160,000 lb.

291
REMARKS
The B-57B Air Force light bomber differs from earlier versions
in that it has a completely redesigned cockpit and canopy and
has speed brakes on both sides of the fuselage. Primary advan-
tage of the new cockpit is greatly improved visibility for the two
crew members. Seating is a tandem arrangement, with the second
officer directly behind and slightly higher than the pilot. The
speed brakes give more control during low altitude operations
and landing approaches. Included in the armament is a rotary
bomb door which is removable and preloaded before being
replaced in position. Bomb or rockets are carried internally
until release time w hen the door is turned over making the stores
externaL Additional armament includes four 20 mm wing can-
nons or eight .50 caliber machine guns, and rockets or bombs
on wing pylons. Other versions: B-57 A, test vehicles; RB-57,
reconnaissance type; B-57C, has dual controls, otherwise similar
to B-57B; B-57D, high-altitude test bed; B-57£, tow-target air-
plane.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 64 ft.; Length 65 ft. 5 in.; Height 16 ft.; Gross ·weight more than
50,000 lb.; Engines Two Wright ]65-W-5, 7220 lb. thrust.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed more than 600 mph; Serv ice Ceiling more than
45,000 ft.; R a nge more than 2000 mi.

Mm·tin B-57B Light Bomber

MOONEY AlRCRA.FT, INC.
KERRV ILLE , TE.,XA S

REMARKS
This new four-placer attains its high speed and economy of
operation through the utilization of an NACA laminar-flow wing
design and the 150 horsepower Lycoming engine, which is noted
for its low operating cost and low fuel consumption. It has the
advantages of speed, comfort, and economy. The Mark 20A has
a 180 horsepo"' er Lycoming engine which gives an increase in
performance.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 35 ft .; Length 23 ft. 2 in.; Height 8 ft. 4.5 in.; Empty \1\Teight
14 15 lb .; Wing Loading 14. 7 lb. p er sq. ft.; Power Loading 16.3 lb. per
bhp; Engine Lycoming 0-320, 150 hp normal rates, or 150 hp at 2700
rpm takeoff; Fuel Cap acity 50 gal., Propeller Hartzell, constant speed;
\ 1\Ting Area 167 sq. ft.; Aileron Area ll.l sq. ft.; Flap Area 17.2 sq. ft .;
Fin Ar ea 5 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 7.9 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 21.5 sq. ft.;
El eva tor Ar ea 12 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Ma..ximum Speed 171 mph at 150 hp at 2700 rpm at Sea Level; Cruise
Speed 165 mph at 112.5 hp at 2450 rpm at 4900 ft.; Landing Speed
57 mph; Rate of Climb 900 fpm at Sea Level; Service Ceiling 17,200 ft. ;
Absolute Ceiling 20,000 ft. ; Range with Maximum Payload 900 mi. ;
R a nge ·with l\IIaximum Fuel Load 900 mi.

Mooney Mark 20
 NORTH AMERI~AN AVIATION, INC.
LOS ANGELES 45, CALIFORNIA

North Alnel"ican FJ-4-B Fury

REMARKS
The F-lOOD is a fighter-bomber designed for maximum climb,
maneuverability, altitude and speed. Like F-lOOA, which >vas
first put into production in mid-1953, it has 45-degree swept-wing,
uses tail braking parachute, has "solid" stabilizer and large
ventral air brake. -C model differs from -A in that it contains
inflight refueling system, has provision for carrying extra fuel
drop tanks and bombs . -D model has addition of autopilot.
F-lOOD is in production at the Los Angeles plant.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 38 ft.; Length 47 ft .; H eight 16 ft.; Engine Pratt & ·whitney
J57-P2l.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed Supersonic, m level flight; Service Ceiling 50,000 ft.;
Range with Maximum Fuel Load 1000 st. mi.

North American Super Sabre F-IOOF

REMARKS
·while m a intaining the general configuration of the FJ-4A, the
"B" features longitudinal, la teral, and directional improvements
fo r low altitude operations. It retains the 35-degree swept back
v ·ings, h ydraulically operated irreveTSible controls, and artificial
feel for the ailerons and tail section. Outstanding recognition
features are the thin wings and tail, and the dorsal fin fairing
a ft of the canopy. First flight December 3, 1956.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 39 ft. I in.; Length 37 ft. 6 in. ; H eight 12 ft. 8 in .; Maximum
Gross T akeoff W e ight over 26,000 lb.; Engine ·wright J65-16A
a pproximately 7800 lb. thrust.

PERFORMANCE
Ma ximum Speed over 600 knots; Servi ce Ceiling over 45,000 ft.

N01·th American F-lOOD Super Sabre

REMARKS
The latest operational model of the Super Sabre series IS the
supersonie: two-place F-lOOF fighter-bomber. At speeds in excess
of 1000 miles per hour and capable of delivering a bomb ton-
n age greater than ·that carried by a 't\Torld vVar II B-17, the
"F" has the same m aximum climb, maneuverability, altitude and
speed of the single-sea t F-lOOD. All four models of the Super
Sabre are fe a tured with 45 degrees swept-back wings, a solid hori-
zontal stabilizer which is slightly below wilig le vel, ~tnd leading
edge automatic sl a ts. The "D " and "Ff are currently in produc-
tion at the Los Angeles Division.

SPECIFICATIONS
Sp an 39 f t. ; Length 50 ft.; H e ight 16 ft. ; E ng ine Pra tt & Whitney
] 57-P-21 axial flow turbo-j et, excess of 10,000 lb. thrust with after-
burn er.

PERFORMANCE
M ax.imum Sp eel in excess of 1000 mph ; Ser vice Ceilin g over 50,000 ft. ;
R ange with Maximum Paylo ad over 1000 mi.

295
REMARKS
The T2J is designed to provide the fieet -vvith a ta ndem sea t lanJ
or carriercbased jet trainer with appropriately increased perform-
ance and versatility over the primary trainer. It is a straight
wing, tricycle landing gear jet trainer. It features stepped tan-
dem seating with a clamshell canopy for better visibility and
low altitude ejection provisions. Special attention has been paid
to maintenance ease and reliability.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; Length 38 ft. 4 in.; Height 14 ft.; Empty Weight 6500 lb.
(approximately); Wing Load ing 35 lb. per sq. ft.; Engine Westin g-
house ]34-WE-36, 3400 lb. thrust; Fuel Capacity 381 gal. without tip
tanks, 581 gal. with tip tanks; Wing Area 255 sq. ft.; Aileron Area
190 sq. ft.; Flap Area 50 sq. ft.; Fin Area 38 sq. ft.; Total Rudder Area
10.71 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 68 sq. ft.; Eleva tor Area 17.66 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 429 knots at 25,000 ft.; Cruise Speed 362 knots at
34,700 ft.; Landing Speed 67 knots; Rate of Climb 5000 fpm at Sea
Level; Service Ceiling 42,500 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 45,000 ft.; Range
with Maximum Payload 810 n autical mi.; Range with Maximum Fuel
Load 840 n autical mi.

North Antel'ican T2J

296
 NORTHROP AIRCRAFT, INC.
B WTBORl'<~ , CALIFORI'> IA

North•·op l"-8~H Interceptor

REMARKS
High altitude, mid·'~ ing, twin-engined, jet propelled, all-weather
interceptor, manned by crew of two, pilot and radar observer,
seated in tandem in pressurized cockpits enclosed by single jet-
tiso n a ble canopy. Ejection seat are provided for both crew
members. The plane's characteristic "Scm-pion" silhouette is ere·
ated by its up-swept tail assembly. The horizontal stabilizer is
above the engine exhaust and airflow of wing. Both the Falcon-
carrying F-89H and the rocket-armed F-89D airplanes are being
flown around-the-clock by fighter interceptor squadrons of the
Air Defense Command. The F-89H was the first operational
fighter plane to be armed with the Hughes Falcon missiles. It
has been operational at the quadran level since January, 1956.
The new models, F-89], carry MB-1 atomic rockets. First firings
of atomic rockets were accomplished b y the F-89 during the
summer of 1957. ·

SPECIFICATIONS
Span Approximate ly 56 ft.; Length Approximately 53 ft.; Height
Approximately 17 ft.; ·weight over 40,000 lb.; Engines Two Allison
] 35-A-35 turbojet with thrust-augmenting afterburners; L anding Gear

~
tricycle, w ith steerable dual-nose wheel.

D 0
PERFORMANCE
3 t (S
Speed 600 mph class; Altitude over 4·5,000 ft. ; Range over 1000 mi.

' 297
NORTHERN AIRCRAFT, INC.
ALEXANDRIA. lHIN iYESOTA

REMARKS
The Cruisemaster 1s capab le of remarkably short takeoffs and
landings. The fuselage frame is stressed particularly high, re-
gardless of type of fuselage covering. This bridge-type construc-
tion of the tubular fuselage is another Bellanca safety feature.
The spacious luggage compartment is easily accessible and ac-
commodates more than 186 pounds of luggage.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 34 ft. 2 in.; L e ngth 22 ft. 10 % in.; H eight 6 ft. 2.4 in.; Empty
\ Veight 1680 lb.; vYing Loading 16.7 lb . p er sq. ft.; Power Loading
11.7 lb. per bhp ; Engine Continental 0-'170-K, 230 hp normal rates, or
230 hp at 2600 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capa ~ity 54 gal.; Propeller Hartzell
constant speed, McCauley constant speed; vYing Area 161.5 sq. ft.;
Aileron Area 11.77 sq. ft.; Flap Area 16.16 sq . ft.; Fin Area 5.67 sq . ft.;
Rudder Area 6.28 sq. ft .; Stabilizer Area 17.21 sq. ft.; Elevator Area
12.2 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
:Maximum Speed 205 mph at 80 percent hp. at 2450 rpm at 6700 ft. ;
·Cruise Speed 196 mph at 75 percent hp at 2450 rpm at 7500 ft.; Land-
ing Speed 48 mph; Rate of Climb 1,550 fpm at 1500 ft.; Service Ceiling
22,500 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 25,000 ft.; Range with Maximum Payload
:954.5 mi.; R a n ge with Maximum Fuel Load 994 mi. (50 gal.).

Northern Aircraft's Bellanca Cruisemaster

298
PJPER AIRCRAFT CORP. : ':_
LOCK RAVEN, PENNSYLVA.!" iiA

REMARKS
Production continued heavy on the four-place Tri-Pacer during
1957. More than 6000 Tri-Pacers are now being flown in all
parts of the world.
SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 29.3 ft. ; Length 20.6 ft.; Height 8.3 ft.; Empty ·w eight 1100 lb.;
Gross Weight 2000 lb.; Wing Loading 13.5 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Load-
ing 12.5 lb. per bhp; Engine L ycom ing 0-320-B, 160 hp at 2700 rpm
takeoff; Fuel Cap acity 36 gal., extra 8 gal. optional; Propeller Sensenich
metal; Gear tricycle.
PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed Hl mph; Cruise Speed 134 mph at 75 percent pmver
at 7000 ft. ; Landing Sp eed 49 mph; R a te of Climb 800 fpm at Sea
L evel; Service Ceiling 16,500. ft.

Piper PA-22 Td-Pacer

REMARKS
The Comanche is Piper's new high performance, a ll-metal plane
with retractable tricycle landing gear. A dvanced design features
include S'wept rudder, stahiJator, and laminar flow wing sectjon.
Roomy cabin, ample luggage and cargo space, and component
systems designed for ease of maintenance characterize the Co-
manche, which went into volume production la te in 1957.
SPECIFICATIONS
Span 36 ft.; L ength 24 ft. 8 in. ; He igh t 7 ft . 4· in. ; Empty ' t\7:ei.ght
1475 lb. ; Wi ng Loading 14.3 lb . per sq. ft.; P wer Loading 14.2 lb. p er
bhp; Engine Lycom in g ~ 0-360 AlA, 180 hp at 2700 rpm takeoff; Fuel
Capacity 60 gal. ; Prop ell er consta n t speed, con trollable; '"' ing Area
178 sq. ft.
PERFORMANCE
Max imum Speed 167 mpb; Cru ise Speed 160 mph at 75 p ercent p owe r
a t 8000 ft.; L anding Speed 58 mp h ; Ra te o f Climb 910 fpm; Service
Ceiling 18,5 00 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 21,000 ft.; R ange with Ma."Xirnum 0
P ayl oad 92 0 m i. ; R a nge with Maximum Fuel Lo ad llOO mi.

Pipet· Conunt'e h e - PA-24·

299
 Piper PA-18 Supet· Cub

REMARKS
This series includes the 150 horsepower PA-18 "150," the 90
horsepower PA-18 "95," and also includes the PA-18-A agricul-
tural model, available as sprayer, duster or combination. With
gr..oss of 2070 pounds, PA-18-A is equipped with hopper with
capacity of 110 gallons of liquid or 18 cubic feet of dust.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 35 ft. 4 in.; Length 22 ft. 6 in .; H eight 6 ft. 8 in.; Empty Weight
930 lb.; Gross Weight 1750 lb.; Overload Gross Weight 2070 lb. ; Wing
Lo ading 10 l b. per sq. ft.; Power Loading 11.6 lb. per bhp; Engine
P A-18 " 150" Lycoming 0·320 (PA-18 " 95" Continental C90), 150 (90)
hp at 2700 (247 5) rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 36 (18) gal. ; Propeller
Se nse nich; ' tVin g Area 178.5 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed 130 mph; Cruise Sp eed 115 mph at 75 p ercent power
at 7000 ft.; L anding Speed 43 mph with flaps; Rate of Climb 960 fprn
at Sea L evel; Ser vice Ceilin g 19,000 ft.; Absolute Ceilin g 21,300 ft.;
R a nge w ith M aximum Paylo ad 460 mi .

300
REMARKS

·~
The Piper Twin Apache is all-metal design with short takeoff
ch aracter i ti cs and s!m~ landing speed for short field operations.
It i capa ble of maintaining altitude at full gross ,.\ eight on or:e 0 @
e ng in e. The rear seat can be removed in less than two minutes
to provide 80 cubic feet of unobstructed stowage space. The
model ca n be converted into an ambulance plane \·\ ith room for
one stretcher and attendant in the rear seat. The cabin has
been built so that a h atch can be cut in the floor for camera in-
stallation . Flap and landing gear cono-ols a re shaped as an air-
foil a nd wh eel respectivel y for positi e identifica tion. Optional
Apache configurations include a five-passe nger version or in-
stallation of two reclinin!2: airline-type seats in the rear.

SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 37 ft. ; L ength 27.1 ft. ; H eight 9.5 ft.; Engin es Two Lycoming
0- 320 B. 160 hp a t 2700 rpm; Gro s ·w eigh t 3800 lb. ; Empty ·we ight
2230 lb .; U se ful Load 1570 lb. ; Wing L oad ing 18.6 lb. p er sq. ft.;
Power Loading 11.9 lb. p er hp; ·'i'\ ing \rea 204 sq. ft. ; Baggage 200 lb.:
Fuel Capacity 108 gal. with auxiliary ta nks.

PERFORMANCE
Cruise Speed 171 mph at 7000 ft.; Rano·e up to 1260 mi.

Piper P A-23 Twin Apache

REPUBLIC AVIATION CORP.
FARMINGDALE, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK

REMARKS
The Thunderchie£, scheduled for service with the Air Force's
Tactical Air Command, was developed to deliver nuclear weap-
ons and heavier loads of conven tional bombs and rockets at ex-
tremely high speeds over long ranges. The Thunderchie£ has
an area rule "coke bottle" fuselage and specially designed swep t-

~-=c:--~ forward a ir-intake ducts at the wing roots. A ram-a ir intake a t

the base of the vertical fin cools the after-end of the plane.
Radically different "clover leaf" speed brakes form the las t 36
0 0
inches of the fuselage. During braking, these surfaces unfold,
forming a 360-degree wind-brake. A Republic-designed ventral
fin installed on the bottom of the fuselage aft section provides
greater stability at very high speeds. The Thunderchief carries
its weapon load either internally or externally.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 34 ft. II in .; Length 63 ft. in.; H eigh t I9 ft. 8 in.; Engine J75

~
with afterburn er.

PERFORMANCE
D n 0
Maximum Speed Supersoni c.

Republic F-1 05 Thunderchief

 Republic F-84F Thunderslreak refueling RF-84F Thundedlash

REMARKS
The F-84F has a primary mission as fighter-bomber, but its per-
formance and versatility make it adaptable for interception and
escort missions. It is armed with six .50 caliber n1achine guns
and can carry more than 6000 pounds of bombs, rockets, and
napalm. In addition, it is listed as capable of carrying the atomic
bomb. It is in service with USAF commands and the air forces
of NATO nations. The F-84F, the A ir Force's first swept-wing
fighter-bomber, far exceeds performance of previous F-84 n1odels.
It has a one-piece stabilator for greater maneuverability and is
~ quipped for inflight refueling.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 33 ft. 6 in.; L ength <13 ft. 4 in .; H eight 14 ft. 4 in .; Gross ·weight
25,000 lb.; Engin e 'ii\Tright J65-'i•V-3, 7200 lb. thrust.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed more than 650 mph; Service Ceil ing <15,000 ft. ; R a nge
v.rith Ma.ximum P ayload over 2000 mi.

REMARKS
The RF-84F Thunderflash is the first reconnaissance aircraft
~ quipped ·w ith the whole combina tion of standard aerial cam-
t; r '!S plu s the di cing cam era. It is also the first fighter-type air-
craft equipped with the Tri-Me trogon ca mera. The RF-8'1F
was designed to meet requirements for a hi gh speed, high or low
altitud e, day or night photo plane capable of getting vital in-
telligence photos. It · mounts four .50 caliber machine guns to
fight its way to and from the target-if necessary. vVing root
air intakes enable ins tall a tion of a sweeping variety of cameras
trom among 15 clay and night types. The' Thunderflash serves
i n th e U. S. Air Force and the air forces of N ATO n a tions.

SPECIFICATIONS
Sp a n 33 ft . 6 in .; L ength 47 ft . 6 in .; .H eig ht 15 ft.; Engine W right
J65, 7200 lb. thrust.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Sp eed mor e tha n 650 mph; Service C eiling ,over 45,000 ft. ;
Range with Maximum Fu el Load ov_!; ~ 2000 m i. ''

303
SCHWEIZER AIRCRAFT CORP.
ELMIRA, NEW YORK

Schwe izer SGS l-26 Sailplane

REMARK~

The l-2Ef" sailplane is sold in kit form or as a complete unit. It

is a simple-to-fly, stable sailplane that permits soaring even un-
der light thermal conditions. Has excellent quick-turning ability.
The 1-26 can be operated from auto or winch tow and is easy
to tow w ith a light plane.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 40 ft.; L ength 21 ft. 3 in.; Height 7 ft. 2.5 in.; Empty Weight
348 lb .; Gross Weight 575 lb. ; Wing Loading 3.59 lb. per sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE ===f~;;1===
Minimum Sinking Speed 2.60 ft.jsec.; Cruise Speed 77 mph; Placard
Speed 104 mph.

304
SIKORSKY AIRCRAFT DIVISION
UNITED AIRCRAFT CORP.
BRIDGEPORT, CO!I;l'<"ECTICUT

REMARKS
The S-55 has a seating capacity of crew (pilot and copilot), pas-
sengers (commercial-7) (military-10), with alternate cargo ca-
pacity of 340 cubic feet. Military models have Wright R-1300
engine, which is now being offered commercially.

SPECIFICATIONS
Main Rotor Diameter 53 ft.; Tail Rotor Diameter 8 ft. 9 in.; Length
42 ft. 3 in.; Height 13 ft. 4 in.; Empty Weight 4888 lb.; Gross Weight
7200 lb.; Engine Pratt & ·whitney S3H2 with 600 bbp; Fuel Capacity
185 gal.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 112 mph.; Cruise Speed 85 mph; Ma..'<:imum Rate of
Climb at Sea Level 700 fpm; Range 405 st. mi.; Service Ceiling 9800 ft.

Sikorsky S-55C (Commercial): H-19 (Air Force, Army) ;• HRS (Marines); H04S (Navy. Coast Guard)

305
 Sikorsky S-56: H-37A (Army); HR2S-l (Navy)

REMARKS
In production since 1955, the aircraft has been delivered to both
Army and Marine units and carries 36 fully-equipped troops or
equivalent payload in cargo. Loading and unloading may be
achieved through clamshell doors in the nose, a cabin floor hatch
or cargo door located on the right side of the fuselage. A travers-
ing electric hoist with 2000-pound capacity permits easy cargo
shifting in the cabin. Auto-pilot, de-icing and semi-automatic
blade folding equipment are featured, as is retractable landing
gear. Five-bladed main and four-bladed tail rotors are all metal.

SPEC! FJCATJONS
Rotor Diameter 72 ft.; Length 60 ft.; Gross ·weight 28,500 lb.; Engines
Two Pratt & Whitney R-2800, derated to 2100 hp.

PERFORMANCE
Maxir'num Speed 140 mph; Cruise Speed 115 mph; Best Rate of Climb
at Sea Level 1140 fpm.

REMARKS
Specifications and performance data of the HSS-1, Navy version
using a Wright R-1820 engine, are classified.

SPECIFICATIONS
Length 46 ft. 9 in. (Tail Pylon Not Folded); Height 15 ft. 10 in.;
Empty Weight 7560 lb. (With Standard Equipment); Gross Weight
12,700 lb.; Useful Load 5140 lb.; Engine Wright Cyclone C9, 1275 hp
normal rated at 2500 rpm or 1525 hp at 2800 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capac-
ity 290 gal.; Main Rotor Diameter 56 ft.; Tail Wheel 6.00 x 6.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 130 mph at 1275 hp at 2500 rpm at Sea Level; Cruise
Speed 88 ~ h at 2500 rpm; Maximum Rate of Climb 1175 fpm at
Sea Level.

Sikorsky S-58 (Commercial): HSS-1 (Navy);

H-34. (Army); BUS (Marines)
STROUKOFF AIRCRAFT CORP.
WEST TRE.l\"TON, l'<""EW JERSEY

REMARKS
The Stroukoff MS-8-l (USAF YC-134A) is . nearing comple-
tion and is expected to fly in January, 1958. This airplane
is known as a BLC-PANTOBASE Assault Transport. The
Boundary Layer Control System permits this 70,000-pound air-
craft to achieve remarkably short takeoffs and landings. The
Pantobase Landing System permits operation off any unprepared
surface as ·well as ice, snow, water, sand, swamp or tundra. Air
fre ight or military loads can be loaded into the spacious cargo
compartment either thr~ugh the high, wide tail gate ramp and
door system or through a large forward cargo door. The cargo
floor is at truck-bed height. The airplane will transport over
30,000 pounds of cargo on a specially constructed floor that
needs no special reinforcing for heavy concentrated loads. The
new Stroukoff-developed four-wheel tandem main landing gear
gives the airp lane excellent flotation characteristics on soft
ground. The forerunner of this airplane, the YC-134, is now
flying and has exhibited excellent performance. Takeoffs and
land ings under 400 feet have been achieved.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 110 ft.; Length 82 ft. 1 in.; Height 34 ft. 8.5 in.; Empty Weight
37,380 lb.; 'Wing Loading 56.4 lb . per sq. ft.; Power Loading 9.95 lb.
p er bhp; Engines Two 'ii\Tright R-3350-89A, 2600 hp normal rates, or
3500 hp at 2900 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capacity 2016 gal.; Propeller Aero-
products A6'14FN-C2; Wing Area 1234.89 sq. ft.; Ai leron Area 113.58
sq. ft.; Flap Area 217 .6 sq. ft.; Fin Area 267 .5 sq. ft.; Rudder Area 96.6
sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 217 .66 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 127.88 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 285 mph at 16,600 ft.; Cruise Speed 250 mph at
10,000 ft.; Landing Speed under 75 mph; R a te of <;:limb llOO fpm at
Sea Level; Service Ceiling 26,000 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 30,000 ft.; Rang·e
with l\lla.:dmum Payload 600 mi.; Range with M aximum Fuel Load
4750 mi.

JOt
TAYLORCRAFT, INC.
CONWAY, PENNSYLVANlA

Taylorcraft Zephyr 400

REMARKS
This advanced structural design in aircraft manufacturing has
been made possible through the development of molded fiber-
glas, the first all-new aircraft structural material to be perfected
in over 30 years. Wings, fuselage, cowl, doors, seats, gas tanks,
and other structures of the new Taylorcraft models are made
of molded fiberglas. A bridge-type frame of welded steel tubing
together with the fiberglas structure forms a rugged fuselage of
unequalled safety. This same regard for safety has been en-
gineered in the wing and tail structures.

SPECIFICATIONS
Spa ' 34 ft. 8 in.; L ength 24 ft. 4 in .; Height 7 ft. 2 in.; Empty W;ight
1750 lb .; Wing Loading 15.4 lb. per sq. ft.; Power Loading 12.2 lb.
p er bhp; Engine Continental 0-470-J, 225 hp normal rates; Fuel Ca-
p acity 66 gal.; Propeller H artzell constant speed; Wing Area 178.5
sq. ft.; Aileron Area 14.38 sq. ft.; Flap Area 14.3 sq. ft.; Fin Area 9.3 5
sq. ft.; Rudder Area 9.36 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 15.84 sq. ft.; Elevator
Area 13.98 sq . ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 160 mph at 100 p ercent hp at 2550 rpm a t 7500 ft.;
Cruise Speed 150 mph at 70 percent hp at 2450 rpm at 7500 ft.; Land-
ing Speed 60 mph; Rate of Climb 1000 fpm at Sea L evel; Service Ceil-
ing 15,000 ft.; Absolute Ceiling 16,000 ft.; R a nge with M ax imum
Payload 675 mi.; R a nge w ith M aximum Fu el Load 675 mi.

308
TEMCO AIRCRAFT CORP.
D ALL AS, TEXAS

REMARKS
The fint production model of the TT-l primary jet trainer came
off T em co's assembly lines a t D alJas early in September. Con-
tinuous testing of the prototype after it ·won the Navy's competi-
tive evalu a tion tests resulted in several engineering changes.
From the outside, the most apparent of these is the closed posi-
tion of main nose gear doors except ·when the wheel is actually
being r aised or lowered, resulting in cleaner configuration for
takeoffs and landings. The new TT-l also has UHF radio and
autom a tic direction finding equipm ent. lVIore than 35 access
p a n els are provided for easy m ainten ance. The TT-l ·was de-
signed speciftcall y to make a jet pilot out of a student in one
aircra ft-the first one he flies-and gives tr ue jet "feel." It is be-
ing considered by representatives of sever al foreign governments
for u se in their jet pilot training prognms.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 29 ft. 10 in.; Length 30 ft. ; H eight 10 ft. 10 in.; Empty We ight
3139 lb .; Gross We ight <1400 l b.; O verload Gross Weight 4HO lb. ;
vVing Loading 29.4 lb. p er sq . ft. ; Power Loading 4.78 lb . p er bhp ;
Engine Continental ]69-T-2, 920 lb . thrust; Fuel Cap acity 124 gal.;
Wing A rea 150 sq. ft.; A ileron Area 10.4 sq. ft. ; Flap Area 15.65 sq. ft. ;
Fin A r ea 23.5 sq. ft.; Rudder Ar ea 5.32 sq. ft. ; Sta b:Iizer Area 39 sq. ft. ;
Eleva tor Area 11.6 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 286 knots at 100 p ercent rpm at 15,000 ft.; Averag·e
Cruise Speed 234 knots a t 100 percent rpm at 22,3 50 ft.; Landnig Speed
70 to 75 knots; Rate of Climb 1900 fpm a t Sea Level; Service Ceiling
30,000 ft .; Absolute C eiling 32,800 ft.; R an ge with Maximum Fuel
Load 239 nautical mi.

T e mco TT-l Pinto Trainer

 TRECKER AIRCRAFT CORP.
1\fiLWAUKEE, WISCONSIN

Trecket· Gull P-136-L2 Amphibian

REMARKS
Although the present Trecker Corp. has been in full operation
only several months, it has in production the supercharged
Trecker Gull, twin-engine amphibian successor to the Royal
Gull.

SPECIFICATIONS
Span 44ft. 5 in .; L en gth 35 ft. 7 in.; H eight 12 ft. 7 in.; Empty 'Weight
463 0 lb.; Wing Loading 24.5 lb. p er sq. ft.; Power Loading 10.3 lb. per
bhp; Engines T wo Lycoming GS0-480-AlA6, 320 hp normal rates, or
340 hp a 400 rprn tak eoff; F uel Capacity 190 gal.; Propeller Two
Hartzell full-feath erin g, 3-blad e; Wing Area 270 .2 sq. ft .; Ai leron Area
21.3 sq. ft.; Flap Area 28.6 sq. ft.; Fin Area 17.85 sq. ft. ; Rudder Area
12.16 sq. ft.; Stabilizer Area 29.1 sq. ft.; Elevator Area 27 sq. ft.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 208 mph at 320 hp a t 3200 rpm a t 11,000 ft.; Cruise
Speed 184 mp h at 240 hp at 2750 rpm at 12,500 ft.; L anding Speed 82
mph; Rate of Climb 1279 fpm at Sea L evel; Servi ce Ceiling 2!i,400 ft.;
Absolute Ceiling 26,600 ft.; Range with Maximum Payload 55 p erce nt
power 800 mi.; Range with Maximum Fuel L oad 994 mi.

310
VERTOL AIRCRAFf CORP.
liiOHTOl,-, PENNSYLVANIA

REMARKS
A prototype for the \ ertol £14. " a jointly certified by the U. S.
Civil Aeronauti cs \clministnt ion and the Canadian Department
of Tran port in April , 1957. The \ ertol Model 44 transport
helicopter is being offered to indu try in three different versions:
the Model 44A, cargo utility version "hich permits transport of
19 p asse ngers; the Model 44B , a luxuriou airliner capable of
carrying 15 pass-enger ; and the IJ:oclel 44C, £or deluxe executive
tran sport in business and inclustr . It h as a useful load of 5'120
pounds, a o-uising speed of 10 l miles per hour. The tandem
configuration elimin a tes b.alance problems in the placement of
cargo and allows passengers to sit an ywhere in the cabin.

SPECIFICATIONS
Main Rotor Diam eter 44 ft. ; L ength 52 ft. 6 in. ; Height 15 ft. 5 in. ;
Empty Weight 8980 lb. ; U seful Load 5420 lb .; Engine Wright 1820-103,
I
1275 hp normal rates, or 1425 hp a t 2700 rpm takeoff; Fuel Capac ity
300 gal.

PERFORMANCE
MaJ<imum Speed 127 mph; Cruise Speed 101 rnph; Se~;vice Ceiling
10,600 ft.; Range with Maximum Fuel Load 360 statute mi.

Vertol l\lodel 44
 Vertol II-21 Workliorse Transpot·t

REMARKS
The H-21B is the Air Force and RCAF model in this series,
and is similar to the Army H-21C. The fuselage is of all metal
stressed skin, semi-monocoque construction. The cockpit has
side-by-side seating with the pilot on the right and complete hy-
draulic controls. The main entrance door is located on the left
side at the rear of the cabin. H-21D version powered by two
General Electric T58 gas turbines was flown in September, 1957,
and is currently in an extensive flight test program.

SPECIFICATIONS
Roto r Diame ter 44 ft.; Length 52 ft. 6 in.; H eight 16 ft.; Empty
Weight 8500 lb.; Gross Weight 13,300 lb.; Overload Gross Weight
15,200 lb.; Engine Wright R-1820-103, 1425 hp, military; Fuel Capacity
300 gal.; Gear fix ed tricycle.

PERFORMANCE
Maximum Speed 135 mph at Sea Level; Cruise Speed 98 mph at Sea
Level; Rate of Climb IIOO fpm; Service Ceiling 10,000 ft.; Range
over 450 mi.

312
 :: .. :.· ·. .
ENGINES IN PRODUCTION

AEROJET-GENERAL CORPORATION
AZUSA, CALIFOR..l'<IA

• MODEL: l5KS-l000 AIRCRAIT ROCKET ENGINE

Data
T yp e: Solid-propellant rocket.
Specs
Diam eter: 10.30 in. Length: 33.45 in. Empty Weight:
72 lb. L oaded Weight: 144 lb.
Performance
Rating: 1000 lb. thrust, or 400 horsepower, for 15
sees.
Equipment
T h e engine consists of a steel cylinder closed on the
fore end. The ig niter is on the for e end, and the
ex haust n ozzle and pressure r elease diaphragm are on
the aft end. Thrust is tran smitted to the aircraft at-
tachm ent fi tt in gs throu g h two mounting lu gs welded
on the cylinder.
Rema1·ks
T h e ISKS -1000 airc ra ft rocket engin e was orig in ally
d eyeloped as a smo keless J ATO (jet-assisted takeoff
unit) for the Un ited Sta tes Navy, Bu rea u of Aero-
nautics. It is currently the onl y rocket engine cer-
tifica ted by the CAA.

• MODEL: 5KS-4500 JET-ASSISTED TAKEOFF (JA-

TO) UNIT MOTOR
Data
T yp e: Solid-propellant rocket.
Specs
Diameter: 9.38 in. Length: 54.57 in. Etnpty Weight:
123 lb. Loaded ' "' eigh t: 236 lb.
Pe1·forJnance
Rating: 4500 lb. thmst fo r 5 sees.
Equipment
The engine co nsists of a steel cylinder closed on the
fore end. T he ig niter is on the fore end , and the
canted ex h a ust n ozzle a nd t h e p ress ure r elease dia-
phragm a re o n th e aft end . Th ru st is transmitted to
th e a irc raft attachru ent fittings by two m o unting lugs
weld ed o n the cylinder.
R e mm·ks
SKS-4500 uni ts are u sed fo r th e ass isted takeoff o f car-
rier -based aircraft, or wh en eve r hi gh thrust is requ ired
for sho rt durat ion. T h ese ngines are also empl oyed
to propel hi g h- velocity d eceleration sled s.

313
• :JUODEL: AJI0-24 BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINE Et{uipment
Data The engine consists of a steel cylinder closed on the
Type: Liquid hi-propellant rocket, gas or chemically fore end. The igniter and the pressure release dia-
pressurized. phragm are on the fore end and the adjustable nozzle
is on the aft end. The nuzzle may be canted 1o above
Specs the chamber center line to 22° below and 4° to either
Diameter: 15 in. Length: 130 in.
side of the principal plane of adjustment. Thrust is
Equipment transmitted to the attachment fittings by two mount-
Assembly consists of a cylindrical section which con- ing bands installed around the cylinder.
tains the oxidizer, fuel and pressurizing tanks. The
pressure regulator and rocket motor are attached to Remarks
2.2KS-33,000 units may be employed as zero launch
the tank section.
missile boosters or to propel high-velocity test sleds.
Remarks
This powerplant is used to propel the Aerobee high- • MODEL: 40NS-4500 ROCKET ENGINE
altitude sounding rocket in investigations of the upper
atmosphere. Data
Type: Solid-propellant rocket.
Specs
• MODEL: 15NS-250 JET-ASSISTED TAKEOFF (JA-
Diameter: 16.03 in. Length: 152.5 in. overall. Empty
TO) UNIT
Weight: 1382 lb. Loaded Weight: 2380 lb.
Data Performance
Type: Solid-propellant rocket.
Rating: 4500 lb. thrust for a duration of 40 sees.
Specs . Equipment
Diameter: 6 in. Length: 26.6 in overall. Empty We1ght:
The engine consists of a steel cylinder closed on the
21 lb. Loaded Weight: 42 lb.
fore end. The igniter and the pressure release dia-
Performance phragm are on the fore end while the exhaust nozzle
Rating: 250 lb. thrust for duration of 15 sees. Nomi- is on the aft end. Thrust is transmitted to the air-
nal at 60°F. craft attachment fittings by mounting bands installed
Equipment around the cylinder.
The engine consists of a steel cylinder closed ?n the
Remarks
fore ends. The igniter is on the fore end, wh1le the
40NS-4500 units may be employed for assist takeoff
exhaust nozzle and two pressure release diaphragms
of large aircraft.
are on the aft end. Thrust is transmitted to the at-
tachment fittings by two mounting lugs welded on the
cylinder. • MODEL: AJl0-33 BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINE
Remarks Remarks
The 15:-\S-250 "Junior JATO" aircraft rocket engine This triple thrust chamber, liquid propellant, rocket
is currently under development specifically for use as sled powerplant is the most powerful such unit ever
standby rocket power on light aircraft. CAA certifica- developed. It was designed and built for use at the
tion tests are scheduled to be completed early in No- Supersonic Military Air Research Track (Sl\·IART)
vember 1957. AGC photo No. 957-003 shows the unit. at Hurricane Mesa, Utah, to test airplane cockpit
ejection systems for supersonic aircraft. This engine
develops the equivalent of one-half million horse-
• MODEL: 2.2KS-ll,OOO ROCKET ENGINE power during the run, driving the sled at a maximum
Data velocity of 1600 mph with an acceleration of 8-10 g's.
Type: Solid-propellant rocket. The use of multiple thrust chambers makes possible
Specs the high velocities noted above as well as better con-
Diameter: 11.38 in. Length: 52.0 in. overall. Empty trol of the thrust level and consequent wide applica-
Weight: 113 lb. Loaded Weight: 256 lb. tions in the rocket-sled field.
Performance
Rating: 11,000 lb. thrust for a duration of 2.2 sees. • MODEL: AJl0-37 BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINE
Equipment Remarks
The engine is used as the powerplant for the second
The engine consists of a steel cylinder closed on the
stage of the Vanguard, satellite-launching vehicle.
fore end. The igniter and the pressure release dia-
Performance data are classified on this hi-propellant
phragm. are on the fore end, while the exhaust nozzle
liquid rocket engine. The second stage engine drives
is on the aft end. Thrust is transmitted to the at-
the satellite and its third stage from the 40-mile first
tachment fittings by two mounting bands installed
stage burnout altitude to the second stage burnot~t alti-
around the cylinder.
tude of 130 miles. The vehicle then coasts to 1ts or-
Remarks bital altitude where a small amount of residual pro-
2.2KS-ll,OOO units are employed to propel high-velocity pellant is burned to tip the vehicle over to a horizontal
test sleds and may be employed as zero launch missile position. The third stage engine then fires to complete
boosters. the satellite launching mission.

• MODEL: 2.2KS-33,000 ROCKET ENGINE

Data AIRCOOLED MOTORS, INC.
Type: Solid-propellant rocket. SYRACUSE, NEW YORK
Spci'.S
Diameter: 13.42 in. Length: 109.50 in. overall. Empty • MOHEL: FRANKLIN 6AG4-185-Bl2
Weight: 426 lb. Loaded Weight: 838 lb.
Data
Pcrformaitce Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed. CAA
Rating: 33,000 lb. thrust for a duration of 2.2 sees. Type Certificate: 238.

314
 Specs
Length: 40 H in. r ue! Gracie: SO octane. Bore: 4.5
in. Stroke: 3.5 in . Displacemem : 335 cu . in. Com p res-
sio n R a tio: 7.5: l. Dry ·weight: 360 lb . with hub and
accc so ri es. " ' e ight p er hp: l.S6 lb.
Per·formance
Takeoff Power: 1S.5 h p at 3100 rpm. Cr ui se: I 35 bp.
Fuel Consumptio n: .5 1 l b. per hp h r. Oil Co nsump-
tio n : .002 lb.
Equjpm e nt
Carburetor: i\ farvei-Sch eb ler MA4-- or Ben eli:-.: PS5-C.
I g niti on: Dual Scin t ill a. Starter: Delco-Rem y. Gener-
:nor: Delco-Rem y. rue! Pump: AC.

• :! \'IODEL: FRANKLI N 6A4-l65-B 3

D a ta
Type: 6 cylin de r, air -coo led, horizo nta ll y opposed.
CAA T ype Ce rtifi cate : 23S.
Specs
Length: 2iH in . ru e! Gracie: SO octane. Bore: 4.5 in.
Stroke: 3.5 in . Displacement: 335 cu. in. Compres-
sion Ratio : 7:1. Dry ' •Veigh t: 324 lb. with hub and
accessories. We ight per hp: 1.97 lb.
Perforn1ance
Takeoff Power: 165 hp at 2SOO rpm . C rui se: 124 hp
at ' 2200 rpm. Fu el Cons ump tion: .5 lb. per hp hr.
Oil Co nsumption : .002 lb . per hp hr.
Equipm e nt
Carbureto r: Marve l-Schebler MA4-5 or Bencli..:-.: PS5-C.
I gnition: Du al Scintilla S6N2l. Starter : D elco-Rem y.
Gen erator: D e l co-R~my. ruel P ump: AC.

• MODEL: FRANKLIN 6V4-200-C32, C33

Data
Type : 6 cylinder, air-coo led, h orizontall y opposed. A ircooled Fmnh.lin 6V1 -200-C32, en.
CAA Type Certificate: 244.
Specs
Length: 29~ in . r u e! G rade: 9 1 octane. Bore : 4.5 in . • MODEL: FRANKLIN 6A4-150-B3
Stroke: 3.5 in. Displacement: 335 cu . in. Compres-
Data
sio n Ratio : 8.5:1. D ry " ' eig ht: 333 lb. with accessories. T yp e: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, ho.rizontall y opposed .
Weight per hp : 1.66 lb. CAA Type Certificate: 238.
P e rfonnance Specs
Takeoff Power: 200 hp. ruel Consumption: .52 lb. per L ength: 37% in . rue! Grad e: SO octane. Bore: 4.5
hp hr. Oil Consumption: .002 lb. per hp hr. in. Stroke: -3.5 ·in. Displacement: 335 cu . in. Com-
Eqllipme nt pression R at io: 7: I. Dry Weigh t: 321 lb. with hub and
Carbu reto r : Marvel-Schebler MA4-5 or Bendix PS5-C. accessories. 'Weight per hp : 2.14 lb.
I gnitio n : Dual Scintilla S6RN2l. Starter: Delco-Rem y. P e rformance
Genera tor: D elco-Remy. ruel Pump : ' •Veldon. Ta keoff Power: 150 hp at 2600 rpm. Cruise: ll 3 hp
Remarks a t 2350 rpm. Fuel Consumption : .5 lb. per hp hr.
This model was d esigned for helicopter insta llations. Oil Consumption: .002 lb. per hp hr.
Equi}Jrnent
• MODEL: FRANKLIN 6V-335-A, B Carb uretor: iVIarvel -Schebler MA-3SPA. I gn ition: Dual
E isernann LA-6 or Scintill a S6 R N2 1. Starter: D elco-
Data Rem y. Generator: Delco-Remy. F u el Pump : AC.
Type: 6 cylinder, a ir-cooled, hori zo ntaUy opposed ;
210 hp . CAA Type Certificate: 244.
• .MODEL: FRANKLIN 6A-335-A
Specs
Length : 34% in. Fu el Gracie: 91 octane. Bore: 4.5 in. D a ta
Stroke: 3.5 in. Dj splace me nt : 335 cu . in . Com press ion T yp e: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontal ly opposed; 210
Ratio: 8.5 :1. Dry ·weight : 30S lb. W eight p er hp: 1.46 hp.
l b. S}1CCS
Pet·f OI'Ulance L ength: 36% in . Width: 31 H in. D isplacem ent: 335
Takeoff Power: 210 hp. F uel Cons umption: .52 lb. per cu . in. Bore: '1Y2 in. Stroke 3\12 in. Compression
hp hr. Oil Cons ump t ion : .002 lb. per hp hr. R a tio: S.5: l. F u el Grade: 91 octane. Dry ' •Veight.: 30S
lb.
EquiJ11lleJJt
Ca 1·buretor: i\lfa rvel-Sch ebler MA1-5. I g nitio n : Dua l Equjpment
Scintilla S6RN2 1. Starter: D elco-Remy. Gen erato r: Carb uretor: Marvel-Schebler MA1-5. Magnetos: Scin-
Delco-R emy. r u e! Pump: ' •Vcld o n . D es igned for heli - ti lla S6RN2 l. Starter: Delco-Remy 24 volt. Generato r:
cop ter installati o n. Pi erson 24 vo lt, 20 amp.

315

L
 ALLISON DIVISION • MODEL: J33-A-20
GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION Data
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Type: Centrifugal-flow turbojet.
Specs
Length: 105 in. ·width: 48 in. Total W eight: 1800
• MODEL: 50l-Dl3 PROP-JET ENGINE lb. Compressor Stages: dual inlet single. Turbine
Data Stages: l.
Type: Axial-flow propjet. Equipment
Specs Starter: Govt. fum. equip.
Length: 145 in. Width: 27 in. Weight: 1750 lb. Com- Remarks
pressor Stages: 14. Turbine Stages: 4. Cunent production installation 1s 111 Lockheed TV-2
Equipment trainer: Thrust 4600 lb. max. at sea l.evel conditions.
Starter: Airframe-furnished.
Remarks • MODEL: }33-A-37
Current production installation in Lockheed Electra Data
commercial transport; ESHP 3750 at 13,820 rpm, sea Type: Centrifugal-flow turbojet.
level conditions.
Specs
Length: 156 in. Width: 48 in. Total Weight: 1800 lb.
• MODEL: T56-A-lA Compressor Stages: dual inlet single. Turbine Stages:
Data L
Type: Axial-flow propjet. Equipment
Specs Starter: Govt. furn. equip.
Length: 145 in. Width: 27 in. Total Weight: 1645 Remarks
lb. Compressor Stages: 14. Turbine Stages: 4. Current production installation IS 111 :Martin TM-61A
Equipment & C Matador. Thrust 4600 lb. max. at sea level con-
Starter: Govt. fum. equip. ditions.
Remarks
Current production installation is in Lockheed C-1 30A • MODEL: J33-A-l8A
Hercules; ESHP 3730 at 13,820 rpm, sea level con-
Data
ditions. Type: Centrifugal-flow turb9 jet.
Specs .
Pilot inspects Aemproducts Turbo-jJ1·opeller on Allison Length: 94 in. Width: 49 in. Total Weight: 1790 lb.
Compressor Stages: dual inlet single. Turbine Stages:
T56 prop-jet engine. L
Equipment
Starter: Govt. furn. equip.
Remarks
Current production installation is in Chance Vought
Regulus; Thrust 5100 lb. max. at sea level conditions.

• MODEL: }33-A-4-l
Data
Type: Centrifugal-flow turbojet.
Specs
Length: 156 in. Width: 48 in. Weight: 1800 lbs. Com-
pressor Stages: dual inlet single. Turbine Stages: 1.
Equipment
Starter: Govt. furn. equip.
Remarks
Current production installation 1_s 111 Martin TM-61A
and TM-61C Matador missile. Thrust 5200 lb. max.
at sea level conditions.

• MODEL: 171-A-2
Data
Type: Axial-flow turbojet.
Specs
Length : 285 in. Width: 42 in.
Remarks
Current production installation is in McDonnell F3H-
2N D emon.

• MODEL: J7l-A-6
Data
Type: Ax ial -flow turboj et.
Specs
L engt h: 210 in. Width: 42 in.
Rernat·ks
Current installation is in Martin YP-6M Seamaster.
 Specs
Length: 44.6 in. Width: 15.94 in. Total ·weight: 197
lb. Compressor Stages: I. Turbine Stages: 2.
Performance
Rated A ir hp: St'd day 191, 130°F 182. Air Delivery:
St'd day 2.2 lb.jsec. Delivery Pressure: St'd day,
PSIA 52.5. RP M : 35,000.
Equipment
Starter: Electric.
Remarks
Current production insta.Ilation: Used in TC-106
(USAF type M A-l A) u·ailer mounted turbine air
compressor. Also suitable as power plant for pressure-
jet helicopters.

Contznental ] 69-T-9 ttnbojet engzne.

• l\10DEL: J7l-A-l3
CONTINENTAL MOTORS CORPORATION
Data MUSKEGON, UICHIGAN
T ype : Axial-flow turboje t.
Specs • MODEL: 0-470-G
Length: 191 in. Width: 40 in.
Data
Remarks T ype: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Current production insta ll a ti o n is in Douglas B-66 CAA T ype Certificate: 273.
bomber, RB-66 photo reconnaissance and '.VB-66 all-
Specs
weather reconnaissa nce aircraJt. Length: 37.56 in. 'Width: 33.58 in. Displac~ment: ~71
in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stroke: 4.00. Compresswn Ratw:
8.0:1. Fuel Grade: 91 /96. Dry Weight: 466.5 lb.
CONTINENTAL AVIATION & ENGINEERING Performance
Rating: 240 bhp at 2600 rpm, sea level.
CORPORATION
DETROIT, l\IICIDGAN Equipment
Carburetor: Bendix. Magneto: Scintiila. Starter : Del-
• l\10DEL: 352-2 (169-T-9) co-Remy (12 volt). Generator: Delco-Remy (50 amp
12 volt).
Data
Type: Turbojet.
• l\10DEL: 0-4 70-J
Specs
Length: 49.94 in. "Width: 22.32 in . Total '~Ie i ght: 364 Data
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, - horizontall y opposed,
lb. Compressor Stages: I. Turbine Stages: l.
CAA Type Certifica te: 273.
Performance
Takeoff: Thrust (lb.) 920, rpm 22,700, SFC 1.13; Nor- Specs . . I 4~1
Len o-th: 36.03 in. Width: 33.32 111 . D1sp acement: I
mal: Thrust (lb.) 725, rpm 21,000, SFC 1.06. in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression Ratio:
Equipment 7.0:1. Fuel Grade: 80f87 octane. Dry Weight: 415 lb.
Starter: Electric.
Performance
Remarks Rating: 225 hp at 2550 rpm at sea level.
Current - production installation: Cessna T -37 USAF
Equipment . .
Intermediate Tra iner, Temco TT-l Navy Trainer, Carburetor: Marvel. Magneto: Scmtllla. Starter: Delco-
Beech Model 73 Jet l\'f entor. R emy. Generator: D elco-Rem y.
• l\10DEL: 354-10 (J69-T-19B) Remarks
Cunent installation: Taylorcraft.
Data
Type: Turbojet.
• l\10DEL: 0-470-l\1
- S1>ecs
Length: 61.53 in. Width : 22 .32 in. Total Weight: 317 Data .
T ype: 6 ·cylinder, air-cooled, hori zontall y opposed,
lb. Compressor Stages: l. Turbine Stages : l.
CAA Type Certificate : f73.
Pm·fonnance
Takeoff: Thrust : 1060, Sl' C: 1.27, rpm : 21 ,700. Nor-
mal: . Thrust: 860, Sl7C: 1.25, J·pm: 20,500.
Sp~ngth: 43.3 1 in. Width: 33 .56 in. Displacemen t: 471
in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stmke: 4.00 in. Compression R atio-:
Equipment 8.0:1. Fuel Grade: 9l f96 . Dry ·weight: 430 lb.
Starter: Electric.
Perforn1a.nce
Remat·ks Rating: 2'10 hp a t 2600 rpm at sea level.
Current production insta ll atio n: Ryan Q-2 "Firebee"
Equipntmllt
Target Drone.
Carbu retor: Bendix. Magneto: Scintilla. Starter: Del-
• l\'IODEL: 14-1 co-Remy. Generator: D elco-Remy.
Data R em.m·k s
Type: C as Tu rbin e A ir Co mpresso r. Current installation : Cessna Aircraft Model 3.10.

317
 • MODEL: 0-300-A & B Specs
Length: 31.25 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87 octane. Bore:
Data ·1.062 in. Stroke: 3.875 in. Displacement: 200.91 cu. in.
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
CAA Type Certificate: 253. Compression Ratio: 7:1. Dry "'eight: 186 lb.

Specs Per·formauce
Length: 36.38 in. Width: 31.50 in. Displacement: 90 hp at 24i5 rpm at sea level.
301.37 in. Bore: 4.0625 in. Stroke: 3.875 in. Compres- Equipment · · Scintilla.
sion Ratio: 7.0: l. Fuel Grade: 80j87. Dry Weight: Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg. Ignwon:
310.88 lb. Starter: Delco-Remy. Generator: Delco-Remy.
Performance
Rating: 145 hp at 2700 rpm at sea level.
• MODEL: E-185
Data
Equipment Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Carburetor: Marvel. Magneto: Scintilla. C:\:\ Type Certificate: 2·16.
Remarks
Specs . _
Current installation: Cessna Aircraft ;\Iodcl 170 for Length: '16.66 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87 octane. Bore: :>
"A" Series, Model 172 for "B" Series. Both engine in. Stroke: 4 in. Displacement: 471 cu. in. Compresswn
series are identical except provisions for controllable Ratio: 7: l. Dry Weight: 350 lb.
prop.
Per·formance
• MODEL: 0-470-K & L 205 hp at 2600 rpm at sea level.
Data Equipment ..
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg. Igmtwn: Scintilla.
CAA Type Certificate: 273. Starter: Provisions for direct cranking starter. Gen-
erator: Delco-Remy. This engine also available with
Specs
Length: 36.03 in. Width: 33.56 in. Displacement: 471 full AN accessory section.
in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression Ratio: • MODEL: E-225
7.0: l. Fuel Grade: 80j87. Dry Weight: 438 lb.
Data
PerfQrmance Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Rating: 230 hp at 2600 rpm at sea level. CAA Type Certificate: 267.
Equipment Specs
Carburetor: :\farvel. ;\fagneto: Scintilla. Starter: Del- Length: 48.4 in. Fuel Grade: 80 octane. Bore: 5 in.
co-Remy. Generator: Delco-Remy. Stroke: 4 in.
Remarks Pcr·formance
Current installation: Cessna Aircraft Model ISO for 225 hp at 2650 rpm at sea level.
"K" Series and Model 182 for "L" Seriea. Both engines
are identical except for carburetor location. Equipment .
Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg. Ignition: Scint1lla.
• MODEL: A65-8F Starter: Eclipse. Generator: Delco-Remy. This engine
also avaailable with full AN accessory section.
Data
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, • MODEL: 0-470-2
CAA Type Certificate: 205.
Data
Specs Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Length: 30.41 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87 octane. Bore: CA.\ Type Certificate: 281.
3.875 in. Stroke: 3.625 in. Displacement: 171 cu. in.
Specs
Compression Ratio: 6.3:1. Dry Weight: 176 lb.
Length: 37.73 in. Width: 33.62 in. Displacement:
PerfQrmance 471 in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression
6.5 hp at 2300 rpm at sea level. Ratio: 7.0:1. Fuel Grade: l00jl30. Dry Weight: 474 lb.
Equipment Per·formance
Carburetor: Stromberg. Ignition: Eisemann or J. I. Rating: 265 bhp at 2600 rpm at sea level.
Case.
Equipment
Carburetor: Bendix. Magneto: Scintilla.
• MODEL: C85-12F
Data • MODEL: 0-470-13A
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, Data
CAA Type Certificate: 233. Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Specs CAA Type Certificate: 269.
Length: 32 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87 octane. Bore: 4.062 Specs
in. Stroke: 3.625 in. Displacement: 188 cu. in. Com- Length: 40.90 in. "\Vidth: 33.62 in. Displacement: 471
.
presswn ]'... a t.w: G--3·1
· · Dr}' Weight: 186 lb. in. Bore .J.OO in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression Ratio:
Performance 7.0:1. Fuel Grade: SOjlOO. Dry Weight: 415 lh.
85 hp at 2575 rpm. Performance
Equipment . , . Rating: 225 bhp at 2600 rpm at sea level.
Carburetor: BendJx-Strombetg. Ignition: Scintilla. E(!Uipment
Starter: Delco-Remy. Generator: Delco-Remy. Carburetor: Bendix. 1\Jagneto: Scintilla.

• MODEL: C90-12F • lHODEL: 0-4·70-15

Data Data
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, Type: G cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
CAA Type Certificate: 2:l2. CAA Type Certificate: 269.

318
 S p ecs Performance
Length: 4·5.20 in . ' 'Vidth : 33.41 in. Disp lacement: 471 R ating: 250 bhp at 2600 rpm at sea level.
in . Bore 5 .00 in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression R atio: Equipment
7.0: I. Fuel Grade: 80j 87. Dry , ., eight : 405 lb . Carburetor: CMC Injector. i\ 'Iagneto: Scintilla.
Pet·formance
• MODEL: FS0-546
Rating: 213 bhp a t 2600 rpm at sea level.
Data
Equipment Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Carb ure tor: Stromberg. Magneto: Scintilla. CAA Type Certificate: 292.
• 1\fODEL: 0-526 Specs
L ength: 47.69 in. Width: 33.64 in. Displacement: 526
Data in. Bore: 5.123 in. Sll·oke: 4.25 in. Compression Ratio :
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
7.0: 1. Fuel Grade 9l j 96. Dry Weight: 568 lb .
CAA Type Certificate: Pending.
Performance
Specs
Rating: 270 bhp at 3200 rpm at sea level.
Length: 36.03 in. Width: 34.64 in. Displacement: 526
in. Bore: 5.125 in . Stroke: 4.25 in . Compression Ratio: Equipment
7 .0: I. Fuel Grade: 80j 87. Dq• ' 'Vei g ht : 428 lb. Carburetor: Bendi..x. l'viagneto : Scintilla.
Pet·formance • MODEL: GS0-526
Rating: 225 bbp at 2300 q Jm at sea level. Data
Equipment Type: 6 cylinder, ah·-cooled, horizontall y opposed,
Carburetor: Marvel. Magneto: Scintilla. CAA T ype Certificate: Pending.
Specs
• 1\fODEL: G0-526 Length: 52.28 in. '"' idth: 34.68 in. Displacement: 526
Data in . Bore: 5.125 in. Stroke: 4.25 in. Compression Ratio:
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, h orizo ntally opposed , 7.0: 1. Fuel Grade: 9lj96. Dry Weight: 523 lb.
CAA Type Certifica te : P ending.
Pct·formance
Specs R a ting: 320 hp at 3000 rpm at sea level.
Length: '19.12 in. Width: 34.68 in. Displacement : 526
Equipment ,
in. Bore: 5. 125 in. Stroke: 4.25 in. Compression Ratio: Carburetor: Bendi..x. Magneto: Scintilla.
7.0:1. Fuel Grade: 80j87. Dry Weight: 408 lb.
Performance e MODEL: G0-300
Rating: 290 bhp at 3200 rpm at sea level. Data
Equipment r pe : 6 cylinder, air -cooled, hor izontally opposed,
Carburetor: Bendix. Magneto: Scintilla . CA.'\ Type Certificate: Pending.
Specs
• l\'IODEL: 10-470-C Length: 39.12 in. Width: 31.50 in . Displacement: 301
Data in . Bore: 4.0625 in. Stroke: 4.25 in . Compression
Type: 6 cylinder, a ir-cooled , hori zo ntall y oppos ~·c l. R a ti o : 7.31:1. Fuel Grade: 80j87. Dry Weight: 312
CAA Type Certificate: 273. lb.
Specs Pct·formance
Length: 37.56 in . v\Tidth: 33.58 in. Displacem ent: 470 Rating: 175 bhp at 3200 rpm at sea level.
in. Bore: 5.00 in. Stroke: 4.00 in. Compression R~tin: Equipment
8.0: 1. Fuel Grade : 91 j 96. Dry Weight: 432 lb. Carbureto_r: Marvel. Magneto: Sci ntilla.

Cut-away vzew of Fairchild's su p e1·sonic combustion laborato1-y .

 FAIRClllLD ENGINE DIVISION LYCOMING DIVISION
FAIRCffiLD ENGINE & AIRPLANE CORPORATION AVCO l\'IFG. CORPORATION
DEER PARK, LONG ISLA!"'D, NEW YORK STRATFORD, CONl'i'ECTICliT

• MODEL: J-44-R-3 (Fr-IOIE) • MODEL: 0-235-Cl

Data Data
Type: Military inhabited aircraft turbojet (Commer- Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, hori zo ntally opposed,
cial inhabited aircraft turbojet) . 115 hp . CAA Type Certificate: 223 .
Specs Specs
Length: 90 in. Diameter: 22 in. Weight 370 lb. Com- Length: 29:56 in. Fuel Grade: 80 octane. Bore: 4.375
pressor Stages: l mixed flow. Turbine Stages: l. in. Stroke: 3.875 in . Displacement: 233.3 cu. in. Com-
Perfonnance pression Ratio: 6.75: l. Dry '"' eight: 236 lb. with hub
Static Thrust: 1000 lb. Rated rpni.: 15,780. Starter: and accessories. Weight per hp: 2.05 lb.
Compressed air or electric. Perfonnance
T akeoff Power: 115 hp 2800 rpm. Cruise: 86 hp at
• MODEL: J-44-R-208 2350 rpm. Fuel Consumption: .52 lb. per hp hr. Oil
Data Consumption: .012 lb. per hp hr.
T ype: Pilotless aircraft turboj et.
Equipment
Specs
Carburetor: Marvel Schebler MA-3A. Ignition: Dual
Length: 92 in. Diameter: 22 in. Weight: 339 lb. Com- Scintilla S4LN-2l. Starter: Delco-Remy. Generator:
pressor Stages: l mixed flow. Turbine Stages: l. Delco-R emy.
Perfor:mance
Static Thrust: 1000 lb. Rated rpm: 15,780. Starter: • MODEL: 0-290-D2B
Compressed air or electric. Data
• .MODEL: J-44-R-26 Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
direct dri ve, 140 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 229.
Data
T ype: Pilotless aircraft turbojet. Specs
Specs L ength : 29.56. Width: 32.24. Height: 22.81. Bore:
4.875. Stroke: 3.875. Compression Ratio: 7.0: l. Dis-
Length: 92 in. Width: 22 i.n. Total Weight: 365 lb.
Compressor Stages: l. Turbine Stages: 1. placement: 289.0 cu. in . 'Veight: 264 lbs. Fuel Grade:
Equipment 80j87.
Starter: Compressed air or electric SFC 1.35. Performance
Remarks Takeoff Power: 140 hp at 2800. Rated Power: 135 hp
Thrust llOO lb. Rated rpm 16,570. at 2600 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 6 ..3 gal. per hr. at
2250 rpm, economy cruise.
• MODEL: XJ83 Equipm.e nt
Data Carburetor: Marvel-Schebler MA-3FPA. Magnetos:
Type: 2000 lb. thrust class. Scintilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21. Genera tor: Delco-
Remarks R em y 12 vo lt. S:a··t cr: D ::lco-Remy.
A family of J ~3 type, extremely lightweight, high per-
formance e_n gm es, is now under design and develop -
ment for piloted and pilotless aircraft. Geneml Electric T5 8.

GENERAL ELECfRIC COMPANY

AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE DIVISION
CINCINNATI, OHIO

• MODEL: CJ-805-3
Data
~ype: Commer~ial turboj et engine: continuous flow,
sw gle rotor, vanable stators, fixed area jet nozzle.
Specs
Length: 112 in. Width: 37 in . Total Weight: Classified.
Compressor Stages: 17. Turbine Stages : 3.
Remarks
Current production installation: Lockheed F-l04A & B·
patible reverser and suppressor have been d eveloped
,. for the engine. Inlet guide vanes, plus first six stator
stages variable.

• MODEL: J79-GE-l, -3, -3A, -5, -7, -2

Data
Type: Turbojet.
Specs
L ength: 17 ft. approx. Width: 3 ft. approx. Total
Weight: less than 3200 lb. Compressor Stages: 17.
Turbine Stages: 3.
Rem.arks
Current prod uction installation: Lockheed F-l04A & B:
Convair B;58; Chance Vought R egulus II.

320
 • 110DEL: 0-320-AIA • IUODEL: 0-360-AIA
Data Data
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, Type: 4 cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, 180
direct drive, 150 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 274. hp. CAA Type Certificate: 286.
Specs Specs
Length: 29.56. Height: 23.12. Width: 32.24. Bore: Length: 29.56 in. Width: 33.37 in. Height: 24.68 in.
5.125. Stroke: 3.875. Displacement: 319 cu. in. Com- Displacement: 361 cu. in. Bore: .5.125 in. Stroke: 4.375.
pression Ratio: 7.00: I. Weight: 272 lb. Fuel Grade: Compression Ratio: 8.50:1. Fuel Grade: 9If96. Dry
80j87. Weight: 28~ lb.
Performance Equipment
Takeoff and Rated Power: 150 hp at 2700 rpm. Fuel Carburetor: ::\fan•ei-Schebler l\L\4-5. 1\lagnetos: Scin-
Consumption: 8.2 gal. per hr. at 2350 rpm, economy tilla S4LN-20, S4LN-21. Starter: Delco-Remy. Gener-
cruise. ator: Delco-Remy.
Equipment
Carburetor: 1\larvei-Schebler :\IA4SP.-\. Magnetos: • lUODEL: 0-360-AIB
Scintilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21. Generator: Delco- Data
Remy, 12 and 24 volt. Starter: Delco-Remy. Type: 4 cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, 180
hp. CAA Type Certificate: 286.
• lUODEL: 0-320-BIA Specs
Data Length: 29.56 in. Width: 33.37 in. Height: 23.30 in.
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, Displacement: 361 cu. in. Bore: 5.125 in. Stroke: 4.375.
direct drh•e, 160 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 274. Compression Ratio: 8.50:1. Fuel Grade: 9If96. Dry
Specs Weight: 285 lb.
Length: 29.56. Width: 32.24. Height: 23.12. Bore:
Equipment
5.125. Stroke: 3.875. Displacement 319 cu. in. Com- Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg PS-5BD. Magnetos:
pression Ratio: 8.5:1. Fuel Grade: 9lf96. Scintilla S4LN-20, S4LN-21. Starter: Delco-Remy.
Performance Generator: Delco-Remy.
Takeoff and Rated Power: 160 hp at 2700 rpm. Fuel
Consumption: 8.2 gal. per hr. at 2350 rpm, economy • MODEL: 0-360-BIA
cruise. Data
Equipment Type: 4 cylinder, horizontally opposed, air-cooled, 180
Carburetor: 1\Jan•el-Schebler MA4SPA. Magnetos: hp. CAA Type Certificate: 286.
Scintilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21. Generator: Delco-
Specs
Remy, 12 or 24 volt. Starter: Delco-Remy, 12 or 24
Length: 29.56 in. Width: 33.37 in. Height: 24.68 in.
volt. Displacement: 361 cu. in. Bore: 5.125 in. Stroke: 4.375.
Compression Ratio: 7.20:1. Fuel Grade: 80f87.
• MODEL: 0-340-AIA
Data Performance
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, di- Takeoff and Rated Power: 168 hp at 2700 rpm.
rect drive, 170 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 277 · Equipment
Specs Carburetor: Marvel-Scheb1er l\IA4-5. Magnetos: Scin-
Length: 30.09. Width: 32.55. Height: 24.68. Bore: tilla S4LN-20, S4LN-21. Starter: Delco-Remy. Gener-
5.125. Stroke: 4.125. Compression Ratio: 8.5:1. Dis- ator: Delco-Remy.
placement: 340.4 cu. in. Weight: (with starter and
• MODEL: 0-435-A
generator) 278 lb. Fuel Grade: 9IJ96.
Data
Performance Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed.
Takeoff and Rated Power: 170 hp. at 2700 rpm. Fuel
CAA Type Certificate: 228.
Consumption: 8.5 gal. per hr. at 2350 rpm and 65 per-
cent rated power. Specs
Length: 38.10 in. Fuel grade: 80 octane. Bore: 4.875
Equipment ..
Carburetor: l\farvel-Schebler MA4-5. 1\Iagnetos: Scm- in. Stroke: 3.875 in. Displacement: 434 cu. in. Com-
tilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21. Generator: Delco-Remy pression Ratio: 6.5: I. Dry ·weight: 392 lb. with hub
12 volt. Starter: Delco-Remy. and accessories. Weight per hp: 2.06 lb.
Performance
• MODEL: 0-340-BIA Takeoff Power: 190 hp at 2550 rpm. Cruise: 145 hp
Data at 2300 rpm. Fuel Consumption: .52 lb. per hr.
Type: 4 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, di- Oil Consumption: .0012 lb. per hp hr.
rect drive, 170 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 277. Equipment
Specs Carburetor: Marvel-Schebler l\[A4-5. Ignition: Dual
Length: 30.09. Width: 32.55. Height: 24.68. Bore: Scintilla S6LN-50. Starter: Delco-Remy. Generator:
5.125. Stroke: 4.125. Compression Ratio: 7.20:1. Dis- Delco-Remy.
placement: 340.4 cu. in. Weight: (with starter and
generator) 278 lbs. Fuel Grade: 80J87. • MODEL: V0-435-AIC (0-4-35-238)
Performance Data
Takeoff and Rated Power: 168 hp at 2700 rpm. Fuel Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, for
Consumption: 8.5 gal. per hp. at 2350 rpm and 65 per- vertical helicopter installation 260 hp. CAA Type Cer-
cent rated power. tificate: 279.
Equipment Spel.".s
Carburetor: Marvel-Schebler MA4-5. Magnetos: Scin- Height: 34.73. Width: 33.32. Depth: 25.19. Fuel Grade:
tilla S4LN-20 and S4LN-21. Generator: Delco-Remy 80j87. Bore: 4.875. Stroke: 3.875. Displacctnl"nt: 434
12 volt. Starter: Delco-Remy. cu. in. Compression Ratio: 7.3:1. Weight: 3!16 lb.

321
 rpm) . Rated Power: 260 at 3000 rpm. Fuel Consump-
tion. 14-.1 gal. per hr. at 2600 rp m, econom y cruise.
E([Uipment
Ca rburetor: Bendix-Stromberg · PS -5BD. i\fagn etos:
Scintilla S6LN-20, S6LN -2l.

• MODEL: G0-480-DIA
Data
Type: 6 cy lin d er, reduction gea r drive, horizontally
opposed, air-cooled, 295 hp. CAA Type Ce rt ificate:
275.
Specs
Length: 40.59 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87 . Bore: 5. 125 in.
5.125 in. Stroke : 3.875 . Compression Ratio: 7.30:1.
Displacem ent: 479.7 cu. in . ' •Veight: 454 lb. Fuel
Grade: 80/87 .
Perfonnance
Takeoff Power: 275 hp at 3400 rpm (218 prop. rpm).
hp at 3000 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 13.0 gal. per hr.
Lycoming 0-320-B. at rated speed and 60 percent rated power.
Equipment
Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg PS-5BD. l\•lagnetos:
Perforrnance Scintilla S6LN-20 and S6LN-2l.
Takeoff: 260 hp at 3400 rpm. Rated Power: 250 hp
at 3200 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 20.0 gal. per hr. at • MODEL: G0-480-FIA6
80 percent rated power.
Data
Equipment
Type: 6 cylinder, gear drive, horizontally opposed,
Carburetor: Mar vel-Schebler MA4-5 AA. Magnetos:
air-cooled, 275 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 275.
Scintilla S6LN-20 and S6RN-2l. Hand cranking pro-
visions optional. New design crankcase and oil pump, Specs
h ydraulic and fuel pump drives. Length: 40.59 in. Fuel Grade: 80j87. Bore: 5. 125 in.
Stroke: 3.875. Displacement: 479.7. Compression Ratio:
• MODEL:V0-435-AID (0-435-6A) 7.30:1. Weight: 436 lb.
Data Performance
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed, for Takeoff Power: 275 hp at 3400 rpm (218 prop. rpm) .
vert1cal helicopter installation 260 hp. CAA Type Cer- Rated Power: 265 hp at 3100 rpm. Fuel Consumption:
tificate: 279. 14-.0 gal. per hr. at 2600 rpm and 60 percent rated
Specs power.
H eight: 34.73. Width: 33 .32. Depth: 25 .1 9. Fuel Grade: Equipment
80! 8_7. Bore : 4.875. Stroke: 3.875 . Displacement: 434 Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg PS-5BD. Magn etos :
cu. m. Compress ion Ratio: 7.3 :1. Weight: 396 lb. Scintilla S6LN-20 and S6LN-2l.
Performance
Takeoff: 270 hp at 3400 rpm. Rated Power: 250 hp at • MODEL: G0-480-GIB6
3200 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 20.0 gal. per hr. at 80 Data
percent rated power. Type: 6 cylinder, reduction gear drive, horizontally
Equipment opposed, air-cooled, 295 hp. CAA Type Certificate:
C~rb:1retor: Marvel-Schebler MA4-5 AA. Magnetos: 275.
Scmt!lla
. . S6LN-20
. and S6RN -21 . H an d cran k mg
' pro- Specs
VlSlOns optwnal. New design crankcase and oil pump. Length: 40.04. Width: 33.12. Height: 27.46 in. Bore:
• MODEL: G0-435-C2B2 5.125 in. Stroke: 3.875 in. Compression Ratio: 8.70:1.
Data
Displacement: 479.7 cu. in. Weight: 464 lb. Fuel
Grade: 100jl30.
T ype: 6 cylinder, horizontally opposed, geared, air-
Pe1·formance
coloed. CAA T ype Certificat e: 228, 240 hp.
Specs Takeoff Power: 295 hp at 3400 rpm. Rated Power: 280
hp at 3000 rpm. Fuel Consurnption: 13.0 gal. p er hr.
Length:
. .38 .64.
~
Width·
. · 33 · 19- in . D.1sp 1acemen t·. 430.0
111. Bore. 4.8/ 5 m Stroke •· 3 • 8~1 :Jr . c ompresswn
· R atw:
· at rated speed and 60 percent rated power.
•
7. 3:1. Fuel Grad e : 80j87. Dry Weight: 430 lb. Equipment
Equipment Carbureto r: Bendix-Stromberg PS-5BD. Magnetos:
Scintilla, S6LN-20 and S6RN-21.
Carbure tor: Marve l-Scheb ler MA4-5. Magnetos: Scin-
tilla'' S6LN -20, and S6L N -21.
• MODEL: G0-480-G2D6
• MODEL: G0-480-BIA6, -BID Data
Data Type: 6 cylinder, gear drive, horizontally opposed, air-
T yp e : 6 cylind e r, ho rizontall y opposed, air-cooled, gear cooled, 295 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 275.
drive, 270 hp. CA A T yp e Certificate : 275. Specs
Specs Length: 40.59. Width: 33 .12. Bore: 5.125 in. Stroke:
L e ngth: 38 .64 in. Width: 33.12 io. Height: 28.02 in. 3.875 in. Compression Ratio : 8.70: I. DiS[Jlacement:
Bo r e : 5 .125 in. Stroke: 3.875 in. Displacement: 479.7. 479.7 cu . in. Weight: 442 lb. Fu el Grad e : 100jl30.
Compress ion Ratio: 7.3:1. Weight: 432 lb. Fuel Pe1·fo-n nance
C r ade: 80j87. Takeoff Power: 295 hp at 3400 rpm . Rated Power: 285
Perfo-r mance hp at 3100 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 13.5 ga l. p er hr.
T a keoff Powe r: 270 hp at 3400 rpm (2180 prop at rated speed and 60 p ercent rated power.

322
 Equipment • MODEL: S0-580-AlB (0-580-3)
Carburetor: Bendix-Stromberg PS-5BD_ ~Iagnetos:
Data
Scintilla S6L:'-i -20, SGL:\ -2L Type: 8 cylinder, air-cooled, opposed, supercharged,
for horizontal or vertical helicopter installation, 400
• )IODEL: GS0-480-BlA6 hp. G_-\_-\. Type Certificate: 285.
Data Specs
Type: 6 cylinder, horizontally opposed, geared, super- Length: 46_6/_ Width: 33-12. Height: 24.58_ Bore:
charged, 3-lO hp- C:·\A Type Certificate: 28-1. 4.875. Stroke: 3.875. Compression Ratio: 7.3: I. Dis-
Specs placement: 578 cu_ in. Weight: 578 lb. Fuel Grade:
Length: 44_-13_ Height: 29.·10. Width: 33-12. Bore: 100fl30_
5.125- Stroke: 3.875- Displacement: 479.7. Compression Performance
Ratio: 7.3: I. Weight: 498 lb. Fuel Grade: 100fl30. Takeoff Power: 400 hp at 3300 rpm. Rated Power:
Pt•rfornlanec 350 hp at 3000 rpm. Fuel Consumption: 16.5 gal. per
Takeoff Power: 340 hp at 3400 rpm (2180 prop- rpm). hr. at rated speed and SO percent rated power.
Rated Power: 320 hp at 3200 rpm. Fuel Consumption: Equipment
16.0 gal. per hr. at 60 percent rated power at 2600 rpm- Carburetor: Bendix PS-9BDE. :\Iagnetos: Scintilla (2)
E(!Uipment S·!LN-20 and (2) S4R:\f-2L
Carburetor: Bendix PS-7BD. ~Iagnctos: Scintilla S6LN-
20 and S6RK-21. • MODEL: GS0-580-D
Data
• )IODEL: GS0-480-BlB6 (0-480-l) Type: 8 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
Data geared, supercharged_ CA:\ Type Certificate: 256.
Type: 6 cylinder, horizontally opposed, geared, super- Specs
charged, 340 hp. C.·\_.\ Type Certificate: 284_ Length: 57.08 in_ Fuel Grade, 100/130 octane- Bore:
Specs 4.875 in_ Stroke: 3.875 in_ Displacement: 578 cu. in.
Length: 46-22- Height: 33.26. Width: 33.12. Bore: Compression Ratio: 7_30:1. Weight: 610 lb.
5.125. Stroke: 3-875. Displacement: 479.7 cu. in_ Com- Performance
pression Ratio: 7.3: I. Weight: 500 Jb_ Fuel Grade: Takeoff Power: 400 hp- Fuel Consumption: .57 lb_
100fl30_ per bhp per hr.
Perforn1ance
Takeoff Power: 340 hp at 3400 rpm (2180 prop- rpm). • MODEL: -76A & -76B
Rated Power: 320 hp at 3200 rpm_ Fuel Consumption:
Data
16.0 gal. per hr. at 60 percent rated hp and 2600 rpm. Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, 1275
Equipment rated hp.
Carburetor: Bendix PSI-I- 7BD. ~Iagnetos: Scintilla
S6L:\f-20, S6RN-21. Specs
Length: 48.50 in. Height: 54.95 in. dia_ Bore: 6.125 _in_
Stroke: 6.875 in- Displacement: 1820- CompressiOn
• MODEL: GS0-480-BlC6
Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: 100fl30_ Weight: 1380 lb_
Data
Type: 6 cylinder, horizontally opposed, geared, super- Per·fonnance
charged, 340 hp. CAA Type Certificate: 28·L Takeoff Power and Speed: 1425 at 2i00 rpm. Rated
Power and Speed: 1275 at 2500 rpm. Fuel Consump-
Specs
tion: .700 lb- per bhp per hr.
Length: ,j2.18. Height: 22.56. Weight: 33-12. Bore:
5.125. Stroke: 3.875. Displacement: 479_7 cu. in. Com- Equipment
Carburetor: PD12KI8. Magneto: Bosch S9LU-3-
pression Ratio: 7.3: I. Weight 4!17 lb. Grade 100fl30.
Performance
Takeoff Power: 340 hp at 3·100 rpm (2180 prop- rpm). • MODEL: -80
Rated Power: 320 hp at 3200 rpm. Fuel Consumption: Data
16.0 gal. per hr. at 60 percent rated hp and 2600 rpm- Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, 1275
rated hp. CAA Type Certificate: 259.
Equipment
Ca•-buretor: Bendix PSH-7BD. ~Iagnetos: Scintilla Specs • 111.
Length: 48.:>0 · - IIt.· "r.4 •gr" 111-
He1g "~ m_
. <I"1a. B 01·c.· 6 . 1-" .
S6Ll\'-20, S6LN-21.
Stroke: 6.875 in. Displacement: 1820. Compression
Ratio: 6.80:L Fuel Grade: 100fl30. Weight: 1404 lb.
• MODEL:0-540-AlA
Data Per•formnnce
Takeoff Power ami Speed: 1475 bhp at 2800 rpm.
Type: 6 cylinder, air-cooled, horizontally opposed,
direct drive, 265 hp. C:\.\ Type Certificate: 295. Rater Power and Speed: 1275 bhp at 2500. Fuel Con-
sumption: .700 lb. per bhp per hr.
Specs
Length: 37.22. Height: 25.81. Width: 33.37. Bore: Equitnncnt
5.125. Stroke: 4.375- Displacement: 541.5 cu. in. Com- Carburetor: PD12KIS. :\lagneto: Bosch S9LU-3.
pression Ratio: 8.5: I. Weight: 396. Fuel Grade: 91/96.
Per·formance • :MODEL: -82
Takeoff Power: 26.'i hp at 2800 rpm_ Rated Power: 260 Datu
hp at 2700 rpm. Fuel Consmnption: 12 gal. per hr. at Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder. air-rooted, 1275
economy cruise. rated hp. CAA Type Certificate: 2:1!1.
Equipment Specs
Carburetor: MalTcl-Schebler :\LH-5. :'.'fagnetus: Scin- Length: 50.10 in. Height: 55.74 in. dia. Bore: 6.125 in.
tilla S6LN-20, S()I.N-21. Generator: Ddco-Rl'lll)' 12 or Stroke: 6.875 in_ Displacement: 1820. Compression
24 volt_ Starter: Dclco-Remy. Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: ll!ijl-15. Weight: 1469 lb_

323
 Performance • MODEL: -4
Takeolt Power and Speed: 1525 at 2800 rpm. Rated Data
Power and Speed: 1275 at 2500 rpm. Fuel Consump- Type: R-1300, 7 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, 700 bhp
tion: .677 lb. per bhp per hr. rated hp.
Equipment Specs . . _.
Carburetor: PD12K18. ~fagneto: Scintilla Model Length: 48.12 in. Height: 50A5 m. dta. Bore: 6.12" _m.
D9LN-2. Stroke: 6.312 in. Displacement: 1300. Comprcsston
Ratio: 6.20:1. Fuel Grade: 9lf96. Weight: 1092 lb.
Performance
• MODEL: -84 Takeoff Power and Speed: 800 bhp at 2600 rpm. Rated
Data Power and Speed: 700 bhp at 2400 rpm. Fuel Con-
Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, direct sumption: .720 lb. per bhp per hr.
drive, 1275 rated hp. CAA Type Certificate: 259. Equipment
Specs Carburetor: Bendix PD9FI. Magneto: Bosch S7LU-3.
Length: 52.00 in. Height: 55.74 in. dia. Bore: 6.125 in.
Stroke: 6.875 in. Displacement: 1820. Compression
Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: 115jl45. Weight: 1405 lb.
Performance
PRATT & WIDTNEY AIRCRAFr DIV.ISION
Takeoff Power and Speed: 1525 at 2800 rpm. Rated UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
EAST HARTFORD, CO:"'NF£TICUT
Power and Speed: 1275 at 2500 rpm. Fuel Consump-
tion: .677 lb. per bhp per hr.
Equipment • MODEL: TWIN WASP D SERIES, (R-2000)
Carburetor: PD12Rl. Magneto: Scintilla D9LN-2. 39•
Data
from horizontal nose up. Type: 14 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. CAA Type Cer-
tificate: 230.
• MODEL: -86 Specs
Diameter: 49.1 in. Length: 59.66 in. Fuel Grade: 100/
Data 130. Bore: 5.75 in. Stroke: 5.5 in. Displacement: 200'1
Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, direct cu. in. Compression Ratio: 6.5: 1. Dry Weight: Single
drive, 1275 rated hp. CAA Type Certificate: 243. speed, 1585 lb.; two speed, 1605 lb.
Specs Performance
Length: 48.50 in. Height: 54.95 in. dia. Bore: 6.125 in. Takeoff: 1450 at 2700 rpm and 1000 ft. Normal Rated
Stroke: 6.875 in. Displacement: 1820. Compression Power: 1200 hp at 2550 rpm and 5000 ft.
Ratio: 6.80: I. Fuel Grade: 100fl30. Weight: 1385 lb. Equipment
Performance Carburetor: Stromberg PD-12Fl3. Ignition: two Scin-
Takeoff Power and Speed: 1425 at 2700 rpm. Rated tilla SF-14LN-8.
Power and Speed: 1275 at 2500 rpm. Fuel Consump- Remarks
tion: .695 lb. per bhp per hr. Powers Douglas C-54 military transport and the com-
Equipment mercial version, the DC-4.
Carburetor: PD12Kl8. 1\lagneto: Bosch S9LU-3.

• MODEL: DOUBLE WASP CA AND CB SERIES, (R-

• MODEL: -103 2800)
Data Data
Type: R-1820, 9 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, 1275 Type: 18 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. CAA Type Cer-
rated hp. CAA Type Certificate: 243. tificates: 231 and 264.
Specs Specs
Length: 48.50 in. Height: 5-1.95 in. dia. Bore: 6.125 in. Diameter: 52.8 in. Length: 81.40 in. Fuel Grade: 100/
Stroke: 6.875 in. Displacement: 1820. Compression 130 or 108fl35. Bore: 5.75 in. Stroke: 6 in. Displace-
Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: IOOJ130. Weight: 1350 lb. ment: 2804 cu. in. Compression Ratio: 6.75: I. Dry
Performance Weight: Two speed, 2390 lb.; single speed, 2357 lb.
Takeoff Power and Speed: 1425 at 2700 rpm. Rated Performance (CB3)
Power and Speed: 1275 at 2500 rpm. Fuel Consump- Takeoff Power: 2400 hp at 2800 rpm at 4000 ft. with
tion: .700 lb. per bhp per hr.
water injection; 2050 hp at 2700 rpm at 6000 ft. dry.
Equipment Normal Rated Power: 1800 hp at 2600 rpm at 8500 ft.
Carburetor: PDI2Kl9. ~Iagneto: Bosch S9LU-3. Equipment
Carburetor: Stromberg PR-58E5. Ignition: Scintilla
• MODEL: -3 DLN-10 low tension. CB16, same in low, but has maxi-
mum continuous rating in high of I 700 hp.
Data Remarks
Type: R-1300, 7 (radial) cylinder, air-cooled, direct TheCA series includes the -3, -15, and -18 models. The
drive, 700 bhp rated hp. CB series includes the -3, -4, -16 and -17 models. Essen-
Specs tial differences arc in supercharger gear ratios and
Length: 49.68 in. Height: 50.45 in. dia. Bore: 6.125 in. weights. Most other parts are interchangeable. Mili-
Stroke: 6.312 in. Displacement: 1300. Compression tary versions of the Double Wasp power the following
Ratio: 6.20: I. Fnel Grade: 91/96. Weight: I 080 lb. production aircraft: Bell XHSL-1 helicopter, Fairchild
Performance C-123 transport, Convair T -29 trainer, Douglas C-11 SA
Takeoff Power and Speed: 800 bhp at 2600 rpm. Rated cargo, Grumman AF-2S and -2W hunter-killer teams,
Power and Speed: 700 bhp at 2400 rpm. Fuel Con- North American AJ-1 carrier bomber. Commercial
sumption: .700 lb. per bhp per hr. versions power the Convair 240, 340 and 440 transports,
Equipment Douglas DC-6, -6A, and -6B transports and Martin
Carburetor: Bendix PD9Gl. Magneto: Bosch S7LU-3. 2-0-2A and 4-0-4 transports.

324
 • )IODEL: Tl!RBO-WASJ> J48 (JT-i) WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION
AVIATION GAS TURBINE DIVISION
Data KAl'iSAS CITY, ~IISSOURI
Type: Centrifugal-flow turbojet.
S}JCCS
Diameter: 50.50 in. Length: 109.75 in. Compressor: o l\IODEL: J34-WE-36
double-entry, single-stage, centrifugal-flow. "'eight: Data
2080 lb. Fuel: Kerosene, gasoline or special jet fueL Type: Axial-flow turbojet.
Pt•rfonnancl! Specs
Takeoff Power: 7250 lb. thrust. :\lilitary Rating: 7250 Diameter: 27 in. Length: 111.4 in. Height: 34.7 in.
lb. thrust. Normal Rating: 5600 lb. thrust. Cruise Weight: 1207 lb. Compression Ratio: 4.35.
Rating 3750 lb. or 3100 lb. thrust. Performance
Remarks Takeoff Thrust: 3400 lb. at 12,500 rpm. Operating
The J-18 powers the Xavy's Grumman F9F-5 Panther Altitude: 45,000 ft.
and the swept-wing F9F-6 and F9F-8 and the Lockheed Remm·ks
F-94C all-weather interceptor for the Air Force; i\Iar- Cunently used in pods as auxiliary power for Lock-
ccl-Dassault :\JD-J:i2-08 and :\ID--!53. heed P2V-7 Xeptune. An advanced version, the ]34-
'VE-46 will power the North American Aviation T2J
• )IODEL: TURBO-WA~-P PT2G-'l basic trainer.

Data
Type: Axial-flow turboprop. • l\IODEL: YJ81-WE-3
Specs Data
Diameter: 35.75 in. Length: 156.8 in. Compressor: Type: .-\xial-fiow turbojet.
i\Iulti-stagc, axial-flow. Turbine: three-stage, axial-flow. Specs
Weight: 2670 lb. Fuel: JP-4. Length: 58.9 in. Diameter: 15.8 in.
Pe1•formance Performance
Takeoff Power: 6000 hp. Fuel Consumption: 0.63 lb. Thrust: 1740 lb. (S.L.S.). SFC: 1.26. Annular Com-
per hp hr.; SFC 0.630 lb. per ESHP per hr. bustion Chamber-Burning JP4.
Remarks Remarks
This engine powers the Douglas YC-133;\ and C-133.-\, Engine initially designed for use in missiles and drones.
Lockheed C-121 F, Boeing C-97J. The J81 is an Americanized version of the Rolls Royce
RSrj2 Soar.
• 1\IODEL: TURBO-WASP J57 (JT-3)
• l\IODEL: J54-WE-2
Data
Type: Twin-spool, axial-flow turbojet. Data
Remarks Type: Axial-flow turbojet.
Specifications and performance arc still classified other Specs
than that the engine is in the 10,000 lb. thrust class. Length: 120 in. Diameter: 35 in.
It powers the Air Force's Boeing B-52 long-range Performance
bomber, the KC-135, the Northrop S:\I-62, the :\'orth 6000 lb. thrust class.
American F-100, :\IcDonnell F-101, Convair F-10? and Remarks
the Navy's Douglas F4D fighter, the F5D and- A3D Developed as a \Vestinghouse-financed program, ]54
bomber, and Chance_ Vo~g~t F8U-l fighter. The .J57 has completed: 150 hour endurance run; NATTC
also powers the Boemg 101 and Douglas DC-8. The Trenton altitude chamber tests; and initial flight tests.
fighter aircraft are powered by afterburner versions of
the .J57 engine.
WRIGHT AERONAUTICAL DIVISION
• )IODEL: TURBO-WASP Ji5 (JT-4) CURTISS WRIGHT CORPORATION
WOOD-RIDGE, NEW J~RS~\'
Data
Type: Twin-spool, axial-flow turbojet.
e MODEL: R-1300-2A & 2B
Remarks
Specifications and performance remain classified. The Data
.J75 is in the 15,000 lb. thrust class, greatly augmented Type: 7 cylinder, air-cookd, radial.
by afterburner operation. The engine powers the .-\ir Specs
Force's Convair F-!Ofi, Republic F-105; it will power Length: 48.10 in. Width: 50.45 in. Weight: 106i lb.
the Navy's 1\Iartin P6:\f and Chance Vought F8U-3. Displacement: 1300 cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke:
The .JT-4 will power models of the Boeing 70i and 6.312 in. Compression Ratio: 6.2: l. Fuel Grade:
Douglas DC.-8 commercial airliners. The .J75 with 9lf98.
afterburner for fighter aircraft is designed for speeds Performance
up to Mach 2. Takeoff hp: 800 at 2600 rpm. Normal Rated hp: 700
at 2400 rpm up to 5000 ft. 1\Iilitary Rating: 800 at
2600 rpm at 3500 ft. Fuel Consumption: .72 lb. per
• 1\IODEL: TURBO-WASP J52 bhp per hr. Oil Consumption: .025 lb. per bhp per
Data hr. at normal rated power.
Type: Twin--spool, axial-flow turbojet. Equipment
Remm·ks Carburetor: Stromberg PD9Fl. 1\Iagneto: Bosch SF-
Specifications and performance arc classified other than 7LU-2.
that the engine is in the medium range of 7[>00 lb. Remarks
of dry thrust and incorporates many new advances This engine designe<l for blimp and helicopter instal-
in the turbine art. lrttions; also the R-1300-3.

325
• lHODEL: R-1300-3 cu. in. Bore: 6.12:) in. Stroke: 6.875. Compression
Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: ll5jH5. Dry Weight: J.l69
Data
lb.
Type: 7 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Sp~s
Pci·fol"nlance
Takeoff hp: 1525 at 2800 rpm. Military Rating: 1425
Length: 49.68 in. "Width: 50.45 in. Weight: 1080 lb.
at 2700 rpm at 2·100 ft. Normal Rating: 1275 at 2500
Displacement: 1300 cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke:
rpm up to 3500 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .677
6.312 in. Compression Ratio: 6.2: I. Fuel Grade:
lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Con-
9lj96.
sumption: .025 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated
Performance
power.
Takeoff hp: 800 at 2600 rpm. Normal Rated hp: 700
at 2400 rpm. Military Rating: 800 at 2600 rpm at 3500 Equipment
Carburetor: Bendix l'D-l2Kl8. Magnetos: Bendix
ft. Fuel Consumption: .720 lb. per bhp per hr. at
Scintilla D9LN-2.
normal rated power. Oil Consumption: .020 lb. pe1·
bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Rema1·ks
Installation: Grumman S2F. Similar to Commercial
Equipment
Carburetor: Bendix PD9G I. l\lagneto: A mer. Bosch 982C9HE1 which is installed in Hurel-Dubois HD-321
S7LU-3. and HD-323.
Remarks
Current production installation is Sikorsky H-19 heli-
copter. Designed for operation at 39° angle nose-up. • MODEL: R-1820-84
Direct drive. Commercial version 990C7BA1 installed
in Sikorsky S-55. Data
Type: 9 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Specs
• l\IODEL: R-1300-4 Length: 50.07 in. Width: 55.74 in. Displacement: 1820
Data cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.875. Compression
Type: 7 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: 115/145. Dry Weight: 1405
Specs lb.
Length: 48.10 in. Width: 50.70 in. Displacement: 1300 Performance
cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.312. Compression Takeoff hp: 1525 at 2800 rpm. Military Rating: 1425
Ratio: 6.20:1. Fuel Grade: 9lj96. Dry Weight: 1092 at 2700 rpm at 2400 ft. Normal Rating: 1275 at 2500
lb. rpm up to 3500 ft. SpecifiC Fuel Consumption: .677
Performance lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Con-
Takeoff hp: 800 at 2600 rpm. Military Rating: 800 at sumption: .025 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated
2600 rpm at 3500 ft. Normal Rating: 700 at 2400 rpm power.
up to 5000 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .720 lb. per Equipment
bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Consumption: Carburetor: Bendix PD-l2Rl. J\Iagnetos: Bendix Scin-
.025 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. tilla D9LN-2 .
Equipment Remarks
Carburetor: Bendix PD9FI. Magnetos: Bosch S7LU-3. Installation: Sikorsky Helicopter H-34. Commercial
Remarks version 989C9HE1, 2 installed in Sikorsky S-58 Heli·
Installation- Goodyear Blimp ZS2B·l. Increased copter.
strength gears in rear section.
• MODEL: R-1820-88
• MODEL: R-1820-86
Data
Data Type: 9 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Type: 9 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Specs
Sp~s Length: 58.89 in. Width: 55.74 in. Displacement: 1820
Length: ~8.34 in. Width: 55.27 in. Displacement: cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.875. Compression
1_820 cu. _m. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.875. Compres- Ratio: 6.80:1. Fuel Grade: 100/130. Dry Weight: 1560
SIOn Rat1o: 6.80: I. Fuel Grade: 100/130. Dry Weight: lb.
1385 lb. Performance
Performance Takeoff hp: Ei25 at 2800 rpm. Military Rating: 1425
Takeoff hp: 1425 at 2700 rpm. Military Rating: 1425 at 2700 rpm at 2400 ft. Normal Rating: 1275 at 2500
at 2700 rpm at 2000 ft. Normal Rating: 1275 at 2500 rpm up to 3500 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .677
rpm up to 3100 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .693 lb. lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Con-
per b?p per _hr. at normal rated power. Oil Con- sumption: .025 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated
sumption: .02::> lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power.
power. Equipment
Equipment Carburetor: Bendix PD-l2Kl8. ~fagnetos: Bendix Scin-
Carburetor: Bendix PD-12Kl8. i\Iagnetos: Bosch tilla D9LN-2.
S9LU-2. Remarks
Rema1·ks Installation: Goodyear ZPG-3\V Blimp. This engine
Installation: North American T-28B. Commercial ver- has strengthened two-piece nose section with GO,\ prop
sion 987C9HDl installed in Learstar Mark I. shaft spline size.

• MODEL: R-1820-82 • MODEL: R-1820-10:~

Data Data
Type: 9 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Type: 9 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Sp~s Specs
Length: 50.07 in. Width: 55.74 in. Displacement: 1820 Length: 48.35 in. Width: 55.25 in. Displacement: 1820

326
 cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.875. Compression Equipment
Ratio: 6.80: I. Fuel Grade: l00Jl30. Dry Weight: 1362 Carburetor: Bendix PR58S2. :\Iagnetos: Bendix Scin-
lb. tilla DLX-9.
P~·•·fornHtncc Remarks
Takeoff hp: 1-125 at 2700 rpm. :\lilitary Rating: 1425 Installation CP-107 Bristol Britannia for RC.-\F.
at 2700 rpm at 1000 ft. :-.:onnal Rating: 1275 at 2500
rpm up to 3000 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .700 lb. • MODEL: 988TCI8EAI-2 and 3 (TURBO COM-
pet· bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Consump- POUND)
1ion: .025 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power.
Data
Equipment Type: 18 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Carburetor: Bendix PD-l2Kl9. :\Iagnetos: Bosch Specs
S9Ll"-3. Length: 89.53 in. Width: 56.59 in. Weight: 3645 lb.
Rcmm·ks Displacement: 3350 cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke:
Installation: \"enol Helicopter H-21. Commercial ver- 6.312 in. Compression Ratio: 6.7: I. Fuel Grade: ll5/
sion 9iiC9HDl installed in Venol Helicopter PH-42. 145.
Performance
• :\IODEL: R-3350-26WB Takeoff hp: 3-!00 at 2900 rpm. Nom1al Rated hp:
Data 2850 at 2600 rpm. Cruise Rated hp: 1910 at 2400 rpm.
Type: IS cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Fuel Consumption: .6-!5 lb. per bhp per hr. at 2800
Specs
rpm.. Oil Consumption: .022 lb. per bhp per hr.
Length: 80.81 in. Width: 5:i.62 in. Weight: 2953 lb. Equipment
Displacement: 3350 cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: Carburetor: Bendix PR58S2. ~lagnetos: Bendix Scin-
6.312 in. Compression Ratio: 6.7:1. Fuel Grade: 115/ tilla DLN-9.
H5. Remarks
Reduction gear ratio of EA-1 and 3 is 0.4375:1; EA-2
Performance ~ .·•
reduction gear ratio is 0.355: I. Installation: EA-1 '
Takeoff hp: 2iOO at 2900 rpm. :\!ilitary Rating: 2700
in Douglas DC-7C, EA-2 Lockheed 16-!9, EA-3 Lock-
at 2900 rpm at 3700 ft. :1\"onnal Rated hp: 2300 at
2600 rpm up to 6200 ft. Fuel Consumption: .720 lb. heed 1049 G and H.
per bhp per hr. Oil consumption: .030 lb. per bhp
per hr. at normal rated power. • :tuODEL: J65-W-l6
Equipment Data
Carburetor: PR58Ul. :\Iagneto: Scintilla DLN-9. Type: Axial-flow turbojet.
Remarks Specs
Installation: Douglas AD7. Length: 112.80 in. Width: 37.5 in. Total Weight: 2742
max. lb. Compt·essor Stages: 13 of 29.375. Turbine
• MODEL: R-3350-32W (TURBO COMPOUND) Stages: 2 of 30.5 in.
Pcrforn1ance
Data
Maximum Thrust: 7700 at 8300 rpm. Normal Rated
Type: 18 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Thrust: 6780 at 8070 rpm. 75 percent Normal Thrust:
Specs
5080 at 7510 rpm.
Length: 91.80 in. Width: 56.59 in. Displacement: 3350
Remarks
cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.312. Compression Current production installation of ,·arious ]65 models
Ratio: 6.70: I. Fuel Grade: 115/145. Dry Weight: include Republic F84-F and RFS-!-F; North American
3521 lb.
FJ-3 and 4; Douglas A4D; and Martin B-57.
Performance
Takeoff hp: 3700 at 2900 rpm. :\filitary Rating: 3420
at 2900 rpm at 2400 ft. Kormal Rating: 2850 at 2600 • 1\'IODEL: J65-W-l8
rpm up to 4100 ft. Specific Fuel Consumption: .660 lb. Data
per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Oil Consump- Type: Axial-flow turbojet.
tion: .022 lb. per bhp per hr. at normal rated power. Specs
Equipment Length: 182 in. Width: 36.25 in. Total Weight: 3425
Carburetor: Bendix I'R58S2. :\lagnetos: Bendix Scin- lb. Compressor Stages: 13 of 29.373. Turbine Stages:
tilla DL::-.J-9. 2 of 30.5 in.
Remarks Remarks
Installation: Lockheed P2V-5-7, l\Iartin P5l\l-2. l\Iili- Current production installation: Grumman FllF-1.
tary \"ersion of the earlier models Turbo Compound This engine is equipped with afterburner.
are installed in R7Ul, C-ll9, C and RC-121, WVI, 2
and 3. • :MODEL: 988TCI8EA4-5 & 6 (TURBO COl\IPOUND)
Data
• MODEL: 98ITCI8EAI (TURBO COMPOUND) Type: 18 cylinder, air-cooled, radial.
Data· Specs
Type: 18 cylinder, air-cooled, radial. Length: 89.53 in. Width: 56.59 in. Displacement: 3350
Specs Cll. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.312. Compression
Length: 89.53 in. \Vidth: 56.59 in. Displacement: 3350 Ratio: 6.7: I. Fuel Grade: ll5jl4:i. Dry Weight: 3675
cu. in. Bore: 6.125 in. Stroke: 6.312. Compression lb.
Ratio: 6.70: I. Fuel Grade: ll5Jl45. Dry Weight: 3651 Equipment
lb. Carburetor: Bendix l'R58S2. :\lagnetos: Bendix Scin-
Perforn1ance tilla DLN -9.
Takeoff hp: 3700 at 2!JOO rpm. Normal Rated hp: 2850 Remarks
at 2600 rpm. Cruise Rated hp: 1910 at 2400 rpm. Fuel Reduction gear ratio of EA-5 is 0.355:1; EA-4 ami 6
Consumption: .645 lb. per bhp per hr. Oil Consump- reduction gear ratio is 0.4375: I. Installation: EA-4 in
tion: .022 lb. per bhp per hr. Douglas DC-7C, EA-6 in Lockheed lO·l9G am! H.

327
 MISSILES

·"
In the short space of six years, the guided missile grew from a $21-million research program to a
massive $2-billion budget item. In 1957, the missile blossomed into full maturity as some new types
reached operational status, newer ones started their test programs and orders went out for development
of even more modern we 3 ponry. In a number of cases, the cloak of secrecy was lifted for the first
time. This section of the Aircraft Year Book is an explanatory display of all the missiles, drones and
test vehicles whose external configurations were cleared for release by the Department of Defense.

328
 SURFACE TO SURFACE

HONEST JOHN
Built by Douglas Aircraft Company, Honest John is designed for Army
tactical use in providing close fire support for ground operations. A
free-flight rocket having no electronic controls, the missile has a range
equivalent to that of medium-to-long-range artillery. It is fired from a
highly mobile self-propelled launcher and can carry either a standard
high-explosive or an atomic warhead. Status: operational.

329
 LITTLE JOHN
Designed and developed by Redstone Arsenal, the
Army's Little John is an artillery-type rocket, to
be used for short-range troop support. About 12
feet long and 12 and one-half inches in diameter,
it is of smaller caliber than its teammate Honest
John. Transportable by helicopter it is intended
. for use b y Army airborne divi sions. Status: opera-
tional.

REGULUS 1
Launchable from submarines, surface ships or shore
bases, the Chance Vought Regulus is 3L! feet 4
inches long. With a speed in the transonic area, it
has a range of abylft 500 miles. Trait_:J.ing and
ta rget drone versions are equipped with landing
gear which has permitted hundreds of recoveries.
Power plant is Allison J33 turbojet. Status: opera-
tional.

CORPORAL
Powered by liquid propellant, Corporal is a short range
Army artillery rocket 46 feet long and 30 inches in diam-
eter. It weighs 11,000 pounds. Radio-guided, Corporal
follows a ballistic trajectory to its target. Missile and its
takeoff pedestal are built by Firestone Tire and Rubber
Company. Status: operational.
REGULUS II
vVith a r ange more than double that of its predecessor, Regulus I, the Navy Regulus
II has a speed capability of more than twi ce the speed of sound. About 57 feet long,
it h as a "ing sp an of 20 feet. Po~vered by a General Electric ]79 turbojet engine, it
h as a ceiling of better than 50,000 feet. A nudear-powered submarine designed to
launch Regulus II-USS H alibut-is under construction. :Missile manufacturer is
Chance Vought A iru·aft. Status: in production.

MATADOR
An Air Force missile of the pilotless bomber variety, the 1viartin M atador is con-
trolled electronically in flight by ground personnel. Designed for medium range
operations, it is powered by a single Allison ]33 with rocket boost. Speed is over
650 miles per hour. Early mod~l, the TM-61, is 39.6 feet long and has a 28.7 wing
span. A more ad van ced model, TM-76, is longer (44 feet) but has shorter (22.9 feet)
wmg span. One of the earliest missiles to join tactical units, TM-61 has been m
operational service since 1951. TM-76 went into production in the fall of 1957.
 DART (left)
Jointly developed by the Army's Redstone
Arsenal and Aerophysics Development Cor-
poration, D art is a simple but effective
a nti-tank weapon capable of smashing th e
heaviest kno·wn armor. As compared with
recoilless rifles and tank guns, Dart offers
increased effective range, greater accuracy
and a greater probability of a first round
hit. It is launched from a light-wei<Yht
"
launcher. Power is supplied by a smokeless
rocket. Status: operational.

L A C R 0 S S E ( r i g,h t )
Built by The Martin Company, La-
crosse fits into the Army spectrum o£
artillery missiles in a range category
between Little John and Honest
John. Highly mobile, it can penetrate
even very thick concrete and is de-
signed to replace heavy artillery in
strikes against strong points delaying
ground advances. Power is supplied
by a Thiokol solid fuel rocket motor
and guidance system is manufactured
by Federal Telecommunications Lab-
oratory. Lacrosse is about 20 feet in
length. Production is handled by
Martin's Orlando, Florida, facility.
Status: operational.

"332
REDSTONE (right)
Providing fu·epower for the
fi5ld Army and the Heavy Mis-
sile Commands, a Redstone
can deliver a nuclear warhead
at a range of 200 miles. About
69 feet tall and five feet in
diameter, the weapon is pow-
ered b y a 75,000 pound thrust
rocket engine built by North
American Avia tion's Rocket-
dyne Division. Developed by
Army Ordnance and Redstone
Arsenal, Redstone is produced
by Chrysler Corporation. Ford
Instrument Company pro-
vides the inertial guidance
sys tem. Status: operational.

SNARK (left)
The Air Force's first missile
with an intercontinental ca-
pability, the Northrop Snark
successfully completed a flight
of more than 5000 miles dur-
ing its 1957 test program and
during the same year joined
units of Stxa tegic Air Com-
mand. A Pra tt & Whitney
]57 tur boj et engine po wers it
'- f

a t supersonic sp eeds. Snark

measures 69 feet in length
and 15 fee t in height, and its
sweptback wings span 42 feet.
Status: operational.
 JUPITER (below)

A cornpanion weapo n to T hor, Jupiter was

developed by Redstone A rsenal, with produc-
tion h andl ed by Chrysler Corporation. Its
Rocketdyne power plant is almost identical
to tha t of Thor and range and p erformance
are rou ghly the same. Like Thor, Jupiter was
fired su ccessfully several times in 1957 and
late in the year was ordered into production.
Status: advanced development and initial pro-
duction.

THOR (above)

Developed by Douglas Aircraft Company and

a number of affiliated con trac tors under Air
Force sponsorship, Thor is one of two Amer-
ican intermediate range ballistic missiles
which reached firing status during 1957. Pow-
er plant is supplied by North American Avia-
tion's Rocketdyne Division. Schedul~;d for
u se by American and other NATO forces,
Thor was ordered into production late in
1957, although i ts test firing program was in
an early stage. Status: advanced development
and i ni tial production.

334
ATLAS
The big brother of th e surface-to-s mface missile family, Atlas
is A m erica's first iqtercontinental balli tic missil~. Its three-unit
rocket propulsion sys tem, built b y Rocketdyn e, blasts it to a
p o int in space with the h elp of an inertial guidance system and
the missile continues without power in a ballistic trajectory to
its target, which could be as much as 5500 miles distant. Atlas
represents the combin ed effort of a great number of contractors,
und er the general supervision of the Air Force a nd the prime
contractor, Convair Division of General Dynamics Corpora tion.
Initial test firin gs were cond ucted a t Cape Canaveral in the
latter months of 1957. Status: pilot production and advanced
d evelopment.

335
SURFACE TO AIR

NIKE-AJAX

One of the first missiles to see operational service, Nike-Aj ax is

now guarding a great number of cities and target complexes
throughout the continental United States, and is gradually being
deployed overseas. Developed for th~ Army by Douglas Aircraft
Company, Nike-Ajax is about 20 feet long and one foot in diameter.
Launched at an 85 degree angle, Nike-Ajax gets its initial propul-
sion from a booster rocket which falls off on burn-out. Two sets
of fins provide guidance of individual missiles and the Martin
Missile Master coordinates the tracking and firing operations of
several batteries in the same area. Nike, named after the Greek
goddess of victory, was initiated as long ago as 1945 as a study
project and prototype development. First firings were made in
1946. Status: operational.

336
 )

TERRIER
A supersonic a nti-aircraft missile weighing 1100 pounds, Terrier is built for
the N avy a nd Marine Corps by Convair Division of General Dynamics Cor-
poration. Allegany Ballistics Labora tories provides a solid propellant rocket
for power. Guided missile cruisers like the USS Boston and USS Canberra
carry the Terrier on twin two-missile launchers installed on the after deck.
For Marine Corps use, it is fiTed hom a mobile launcher. Terrier · is ·15 feet
long and 14 inches in diameter. It has the radar beam-rider type of guidance.
Status: operational.

TALOS (right)
A longer-ranging anti-aircraft missile of super-
sonic speed, Talos is a Navy Bureau of Ord·
n a nce missile. Prime contrac tor is Bendix
Products Missile Division, while McDonnell
Aircraft Corporation h andles both airframe
and power plant manufacture. Power is sup-
plied by a ramjet en gine, with a solid propel-
lant booster to provide initial momentum.
Also under development is T alos L, a ground
l aunched vers ion. Sta tu s of T alos : ope rational.
NIKE-HERCULES

Longer, heavier and more than double the diameter o£ Nike-Ajax, the Army's Nike-
Hercules is a major development in air de fense missilery in that it carries a nuclear
warhead. Known as Nike-B during its development stage, it is manufactured by Douglas
Aircraft Company, with ground guidance and contro l and missile guidance equipment
being handled b y Western Electric Company. Nike-Hercules employs a solid propellant
booster plus a solid propellant sustainer. I t is scheduled for early introduction (1958)
to air defense service, and will be integrated into existing Nike batteries w ith only sli ght
modification to the launching sites. Statu : final test.
Designed to fill a gap in the air defense missile sys-
tem not covered by other weapons, H awk will be
used primarily against low flying aircraft. The mis-
sile, which h as a solid fuel engine developed by
Thiokol Chemical Corpora tion, is 17 feet long and
14 inches in diameter. Production is handled by
R ay theon lVIanufacturing Company. Primarily an
Army missile, Hawk w ill also be u sed b y the
M arine Corps. Status: operational.

BOMARC
A pilotless intercep tor, th e Boein g IM-99 Bomarc
is d esig n ed to opera te at r a nges well beyond the
defen se perimeter of the sm aller weapons like
Nike a nd H aw k. Forty-seven fee t four inches long,
it weighs about 15,000 pounds a nd h as a super-
sonic speed capability. Power is supplied by an
Aeroj et booster, liquid fueled , plus a p air of ram-
jets built by Marqu ardt which take over after
initi al boost. Status: in produ ction.

339
AIR TO SURFACE

" .

--
PETREL

Shown here mounted under the wings of a Lockheed P2V-6B patrol bomber,
th~ Navy Petrel is designed primarily for use against enemy ships. It is
lau n ched beyond the effective r a nge of the target ship's defensive armament
for p t_otection of the launching bomber and its crew. Guidance is electronic
.and · power plant is a 1000 pound thrust Fairchild J44 turbojet. Petrel is
a bout 24 feet long and weighs close to two tons. Fairchild's Guided Missiles
Division produced the weapon. Status: operational , but out of production.

340
RASCAL
Latest addition to the A ir Force Strategic Air Command striking power is the
Bell R ascal, an air-launched pilotless bomber. Rascal is carried by "mother"
plane close to a targe t but outside the enemy's anti-aircraft defenses, from which '
point it continues on its own guidance. \ 'Veapon is 34 feet long and four feet
in diameter. Bell Aircraft Corporation builds airframe, rocket power plant and
guidance sys tem. Status: operational.

BULLPUP
Designed to provide Navy light a ttack aircraft w ith grea ter firepower against
pill boxes, ta nks, truck co n vo ys, bridges, ships a nd other tactical ta rgets, Bullpup
is launched outside the range of enemy high-volume ground fire. Built by The
l\.fartin Company, the missile is about 11 feet lo:1g and ·weighs less than 600
pounds. Status: in development.
AIR TO AIR

FALCON CAR-10 (left)

Built by Hughes Aircraft Company, the
GAR-lD Falcon is a supersonic guided
aircraft rocket with a high "kill" capa-
bility against enemy aircraft. About six
feet long, it weighs slightly more than
100 pounds and can be carried in quan-
tity by USAF interceptors, mounted
either under the wings or in pod instal-
lations. R adar-guided, it has a solid
propellant power unit. Status: opera-
tional.

FALCON CAR-2A (right)

Major difference between GAR-2A and
its predecessor Falcon is the guidance
unit, which senses at a distance of miles
the infrared radia tion thrown out by
invading aircraft and homes on it.
GAR-2A is ?ix and one-half feet long
and weighs about 120 pounds. It is in
production at Hughes' Tucson, Arizona,
plant. Status: operational.

342
SPARROW
Developed by the Navy Bureau of AeTonautics and Sperry Gyroscope Company, Sparrow I is
guided by signa ls from the launching aircraft which deflect the missile's stub wi ngs. About
12 feet long, it weighs 300 pounds. Power is an Aerojet-Genera l solid fuel rocket. Produc-
tion is h and led b y Sperry Farragut Company in Bristol, Tennessee. Status: operational.

SPARROW Ill
An advanced ai r defense weapon, Spa rrow III is an improved version of Sparrow I. It was
developed for use by Navy interceptor-type aircraft b y Raytheon i\!Ianufacturing Company.
The missing Sparrow II, not pictured , is a Douglas experimenta l weapon . Status of Sparrmv
III: development.

' .

343

I
. I
,
j_
CEN IE
A weapon which provides tremendously increase 1 fir epower to the A ir Force's a ir defense system
is the Douglas Genie, pictured above as it was bunched from a Northrop F-89J interceptor in a
Jul y, 1957, test over Nevada. Genie is the first a ir to -air wea pon equipped w ith a nuclea r warhead.
Status: operational.

SIDEWINDER
The Sidewinder is pictured below m a Grumman F9F mount. Built by Philco, the Sidewinder
h as a General Eiectric infrared guidance system which detects and homes on radiation fr6m target.
It is nine feet long; has a range of 18,000 feet ani a speed of J\IIach 2.5. Status: operational.
 I

EARTH SATELLITE VEHICLES

VANGUARD
U.S. participation m the International Geophysical Year included twu
earth satellite programs. The first, Project Vanguard, is a three-stage
launching unit built by The Martin Company in conjunction with several
other contractors, under the supervision of the Office of Naval Research.
Vanguard is 72 feet long and weighs ll tons fueled for takeoff. Propulsion
is provided by a General Electric liquid-propellant rocket engine in the first
stage, an Aerojet-General second stage rocket and a third stage manu-
factured by Grand Central Rocket Company.

345
JUPITER C
In a post-Sputnik decision to speed American efforts to put a sate llite in space,
the Defense Department assigned a second program to the Army Ballisic Missi le
Agency late in 1957. Redstone Arsenal's selection for the la unching vehicle was
a Jupiter C test vehicle, originally designed for upper a tmosphere a nd re-entry
research. At year-end modification of the components was under way. Final
configuration of the launcher was to be somewhat different in the nose cone
area from the Jupiter C pictured below. First Army satellite launchings were
expected in early 1958.
 DRONES, TARGETS, SURVEILLANCE

Q-5
Used as an Air Force target mi sile, the supersonic Q-5 has a grow1d control led guid-
ance system. It is 39 feet long, h as a diame cer of 20 inches and a wing span of 10 feet.
Powered by a ramjet engine, it weighs about 7600 pounds. Parachute recovery sys-
tem is provided. Q-5 was developed by Lo ckheed's Missi le Systerns Division. Status:
in development.

HIGH SPEED DRONE

For use by Army intelligence forces 111 the field, Fairchild Aircraft Division's surveil-
lance drone is design"ecl to provide information on enemy movements. Company has
received a $12-m illion contract for initial test and produ ction of the vehicle. Status:
in development.
 S D-1
Radioplane, a Division of Northrop Aircraft, Inc., designed and develop~ d
this propeller-driven surveillance drone for the Army. SD-1, which is radio-
controlled and flies at 185 mile~ per hour, carries photographic, television
or sensory equipment. Length is 13 feet four inches.

XQ-4
Another Radioplane development is the XQ-4 target drone, designed for
evaluation of Air Force air defense systems. About 33 feet long and 20
inches in diameter, it has supersonic speed. Control is by radar and power
is turbojet. XQ-4 is air launched.

RP-76
An Army project to be used as a target for surface-to-air missiles, RP-76
was also Radioplane-developed. Length is nine feet eight inches, wing
span is five feet and speed is Mach .90. Radio-controlled, it has a solid-
p ropellant rocket motor. RP-76 is also air-launched.
 RP-770
Radioplane's RP-77D is an Army target and surveillance drone. Radio-controlled,
it is powered by a Boeing 502-lOF turb::>prop engine. Fired from a zero-length
ground launcher, it is 14 feet nine inches long and has a wing span of 15 feet. Para-
chute recovery system is provided. Under consideration is a plan to use a modified
version of RP-77D as a laun cher for the RP-76 rocket target.

OQ-19
Designed to serve as a target for
surface-to-air missiles or anti-air-
craft guns, OQ-1 9 is an Army proj-
ect developed by Radioplane. A
four-cylin~er reciprocating engine
provides povver. Twelve feet three
inches long with a wing span of I 1
feet six inches, OQ-19 is radio-
controlled.

349
XKDB-1
A remote-controlled target drone,
XKDB-I flew as high as 38,500 feet
in I957 tests at the Naval Air Missile
Test Center, Point Mugu, California.
Ground launched, it is designed for
surface and airborne weapons systems
evaluation and training. Beech Air-
craft Corporation handles production.

Q-2 FIREBEE
The "Firebee" spans II feet, is I7 feet
three inches long and weighs empty
IIOO pounds. A target drone, it is
powered by a Continental ]69 engine
of 1000 pounds thrust. Top speed is
600 miles per hour and ceiling is
53,000 feet. Q-2 is built by Ryan
Aeronautical Company.

350
SD- 3
Built by Republic Aviation Corpora tion, the SD-3 is an Army combat surveillance
drone equipped with photography, radar and infrared devices with interchangeable
nose cones. Designed for all-wea ther u se, the drone is zero-length launched using
JATO and is recoverable. Work is under way on an advanced version for the Army
Signal Corps.

XKDT-1
For air-to-air target use by Navy pilots, Temco
Aircraft Corpora tion deve.loped this low-cost,
expendable drone, shown at left just prior to
destruction by missile. About 12 feet long with
a 59 inch span, XKDT-1 emits- flares to make
visual tracking possible and also .signals "near
misses" during its target runs at transonic speeds
a nd altitudes of about 50,000 feet.

351
TEST VEHICLES

X-7
Designed as a test bed for ramjet en-
gines, the X-7 was built by Lockheed
Aircraft Corporation's Missile Systems
Division. Of supersonic speed, it can be
ground launched or air dropped and has
a parachute recovery system to permit
repeated flights of the same vehicle. For
guidance it has a ground control system.
A single ramjet provides power. Status:
test.

X -1 7
A space research vehicle designed
to hurtle into space at very high
velocities and explore friction tem-
peratures on re-entry into the at-
mosphere, the X-17, built by Lock-
heed Missile Systems Division,
proved a valuable tool in ballistic
missile nose cone research. An Air
Force vehicle, it is 40 feet long and
consists of three stages, the first
powered by a single large rocket,
the second by a cluster of three
Recruit rockets and the third by a
single Recruit. Thiokol Chemical
Corporation provides the solid pro-
p ellant rockets.

352
 TERRAPIN (below)
Built to obtain data for use m development of
space vehicles, Terrapin is a joint project of Re-
public Aviation Corporation and the University of
Maryland. An extremely lighn~ eight vehicle, it
carries an instrument package weighing about six
pounds. I_t is a two-stage rocket about 15 feet long
a nd weighs 244 pounds. Power is a solid propellant
rocket. Status : test.

AEROPHYSICS HTV (above)

To explore the therrnal barrier, the Air Force
sponsored Aerophysics Development Corporation's
HTV (Hypersonic Test Vehicle) which can fly at
a speed of 7000 feet per second and reach that
speed in just two seconds. HTV is a 10-foot tWo-
stage vehicle powered b y ll so lid propellan~ rockets,
seve n ' in the first stage. Status: test.

353
1784, January 16---A irborne troops proposed by Benja- 1845, September 18--Rufus Porter proposes steam air-
min Fra nkJin in reporting on the first balloon as- ship line, New York-California, to carry goldseek-
cents. ers at $100 a trip. Stock sales unsatisfactory. His
1849 booklet illustrates a jet-propeller passenger
1784, July 17-First U . S. b alloon flight in Peter Carnes' rocket..
captive balloon, Baltimore, l'vid.
1859, July !-World record balloon trip, 809 miles, St.
1784, November 30--First asce nt by an American Louis to Henderson, N.Y., by John "'' ise and three
a broad, by Dr. John J efferi es, physician, with companions.
French ae ron aut Bla nd1ard, at London. On Janu-
a ry 7, 1785, they make the first Channel crossing 1859, August 16--Airmail carried by John Wise in bal-
by a ir. loon flight from Lafayette to Crawfordsville, Ind.

1793, January 9-Balloon flight by J ean Pierre Blan- 1860, August 21-Capt.. E. B. Hunt, Corps of Engineers,
chard from Philadelphia, P a., to Woodbury, N. ]. U.S.A., advocates balloon telegraphy.
(Letter from George ·washington carried on this
flight.) 1860, October 13-Successful aerial photos taken by
William Black from a balloon, Boston, Mass.
1837, September 18--First parachute demonstration in
America when John ' •Vise drops animals from a 1861, June 10-Military flight b y James Allen, first
balloon a t Philadelphia. Rhode Island State Militia, in balloon over ''\Tash-
ington, D. C.
1838, August 11-John vVise safely lands with his para-
chuted balloon at E as ton, Pa. 1861, June 18--Balloon telegraph demonstrated by T.
S. C. Lowe. · (Message to Abraham Lincoln.)
1840, September 8--Col. John H . Sherburne urges Sec-
retary of '"'ar to use night balloons to locate 1861, June 22-24-Military reconnaissance by T. S. C.
Seminoles. Lowe and Army officers from balloon using tele-
graph, over Arlington and Falls Church, Va. Mili-
1842, October 22-John Wise proposes to ca pture Vera tary air observation continues into 1863.
Cruz by air .
1861, August 3-Civilian aeronaut La Mountain in-
1844, October 16--America's first air p atent to Muzio augurates aircraft carrier operations with his war
Muzzi on direction of balloons. balloon. Lowe follows.

PmfessoT T. S. C. Lowe, foTegmund, pTepm·es telegraph

to report aerial obsemation dw·ing Civil War.
 1883, March 17-First of a series of g lider fli gh ts by
John Jose ph Mo ntgome r y, Otay, Cal.

1885, Januat·y 7-Russell T h aye r, C . E., a gr ad u a te of

'"' es t Poin t, urges o n Secretary of ' 'Var Rob ert T.
Lincoln a compressed-air a irship of his d esig n. No
ac tion.

One of john i\IIon tgomery's gliclen of the 1880's. 1887, January 30-Thomas E. B a ldwin makes his first
p ar achute jump at Sa n Francisco.

1861, September 24-Air Ar tillery adjustment from

1886, July- ''"· E . Irish , publish er of Aero naut ical
L owe's Army b alloon n ear Washington.
World, proposes b alloon radio.
1861, November 7-H elicop ter proposed for Union
Army. After experiments, a machine is partly built 1887-America n al t itude r ecord m ad e b y a eron a ut
be fore A ppom a t tox ends the proj ect. Moore and Prof. H. A . Hazen of U. S. Sig n a l Ser v-
ice, at St. Loui s; 15,400 fee t, in ball oo n of St. L o uis
Post DisjJatch.
1862, March 9-,1\Tar helicopter bomber d es ign ed and
urged b y William C. Powers of M obile, Ala .
1890, July 31-During th e month, L. Gathma nn , of
1866, May 25-Solomon Andrews' airship man e uvers Chicago, explod es a sh ell a t high altitude in atte mpt
over New York with 4 p asse n ger s. to produce r a in.

1873, October 7-Unsu ccessful tra n s-Atlantic flight b y 1890, October !-Presiden t H a rriso n app r oves legisla-
W. H . Donaldson, A lfred F ord a nd George A. Lunt tion creatin g the '"'eather Burea u a nd r ees ta blish-
in balloon , Gmphic, from Brooklyn, N. Y., to New ing the Signal Corps which is charged with coll ec-
Canaan, Conn. tion a nd transmission of information , among oth er
duties. :Milita ry aero n autics is the n cons ider ed as
1877-Prof. William H. Pickering, H arvard University, among su ch m ea ns, a nd Army aeron autics is revived .
begins experiments with model h elicopters. In 1903
·a rabbit is sen t aloft. 1892, Octobet· 10-Balloo n section is b ein g organ ized
with each telegra ph train b y Chi ef Sign a l Officer,
1880-Thomas A . Edison co nducts helicopter ex p eri- General A . W. Greely, who anticipa tes military a ir-
ments for J a mes Gordon B ennett. ships a nd airpla n es.

Himm Maxim's flying machine of 1895 never got off the gro und.
 Lang ley AeTodTome Number 5, 1896,

1892, November 5-vVingless ae ria l torp edo sugges ted Fort Myer site for barrac ks, officer quarters, admin-
by Prof. A. F. Zahm . istration building and a balloon house to concen-
trate Sign ar Corps schools at one point.
1893, Augu s t 1-4-lnternation al Conference on Aerial
Navigation held a t Chicago; O ctave Chanute, Chair- 1901, September 1-Simon Newcomb, Ph.D., LL.D .,
man ; Dr. A. F. Zahm, Secretary . writes in M cC lu·res for September: " The first suc-
cessful flyer will be the h a ndiwork of a watchmaker
1893, October· 9-The Chi e f Signal Officer, G e n eral and will carry nothing heavier than an insect."
Greely r eports the purd1ase of a Lachambre balloon In Decemb er, R ear Admiral Melville, USN says
for the Signa l Corps balloon section. First asce nts in the No1·t h A ·m e-rican R eview: "A calm survey ...
since the war are maJe a t th e Chicago expositio n leads the e ng in eer to pronounce a ll ~o nfid e nt~
from October 31, l 893 . prophecies at this time for futur e success as who ll y
unwa r ranted , if not absurd ."
1896, Apl'il 29-First Am erica n wi nd tu nn el begins op-
e ra tion a t i\II.I.T.
1902, S e pte mbe r 15-A . .l?.,eo Stevens sa ils his airsh: p
1896, May· 6-Steam-powered airpla ne model flown by Pegasus over lVIa nh a ttan Beach in a r ace with Ed-
Samu el Langley, Wash ington , D. C. ward C. Boyce in the l a tter's Santos Dumont a ir-
ship .
1898, Apdl 29- \Na r and Navy D e partments exa min e
Langley's work, app rove, a nd Boa rd o f Ordn a n ce 1903, l\'lm·ch 23-·0rville a nd \1Vilbur W right appl y for ,.,
a nd Fortifica tion mak•es two allotment:s of .$25,000 patent o n their flyin g machine. (Patent i sued Ma
each to build his a irpL:tn e. 22, 1906.)

1898, D ecember· 22-The Secretary of \ '\Tar app roves a 1903, D ecembe t· 8-Samu el La ng! y's flying rnachin e,

3 57
I
~---··--~-----~--~~·~~----~-------------------------------------------~-----~-------~~------~~--~~--~~~~--~~~-------~

Wright Brothers' Kitty Hawk m fint fiight, December 17, 1903.

piloted by Charles Manly, plunges in the Potomac 1906, March-French and British visit '\<\~'right brothers
and is wrecked on its second test, Washington, D. C. at Dayton.

1903, Dece:rnber 17--First sustained controllable flight 1906, September 30-First Bennett international bal-
of powered heavier-than-air machine by Orville and loon race won by Lt. F. P. Lahm-Paris to England.
Wilbur Wright, Kitty Hawk, N. C.
1906, Decemhe·r 1-8-Second indoor air exhibition of
1.904, August 3--Circuit flight in airship (Curtiss motor) Aero Club of America.
by Capt. Thomas S. Baldwin at Oakland, Cal.
1907, June 8-Building devoted exclusively to aero-
1904--Wright brothers make 104 flights, covering 20 nautics dedicated at Jamestown (Va.) Exposition.
miles . British representative visits the Wrights in
November. 1907, August !-Aeronautical Division established,
Army Office of Chief Signal Officer.
1905, January 18--Wright brothers open negotiations
with U. S. War Department for disposition of their 1907, September 2-Walter Wellman airship .(lmerica
invention. Correspondence is had through 1907. fails in polar attempt.

1905, April 29-Daniel Maloney begins series of glides 1907, September 30-0rnithopter of H. C. Gammeter,
with Montgomery glider, taking off from captive multigraph inventor, lifts temporarily.
balloon. Later killed.
1907, October 1-Aerial Experiment A§sociation formed
1905, AuglLSt 5--Charles K. Hamilton begins series of by Dr. A. Graham Bell, F. W. Baldwin, J. A. D.
kite flights, towed by cars and boats. McCurdy, Glenn H. Curtiss and Thomas E. Sel-
fridge.
1905, Sept~mber 26-0ctober 5--Wright brothers make
1907, October 3--Record altitude of 23,110 feet by U.S.
55 flights, the longest being 24 miles in 38 min. 3
vVeather Bureau meteorological kite.
sec . .,...Frank S. Lahm, in France, obtains report on
Wrights' flying from Ohio relative. French remain
1907, October 18-Air bombing prohibition signed at
skeptical. In October the French government Is
n egotiating along with British. second Hague conkrence.

1907, October 21-Second Bennett internat ional bal-

1905-Lt. Frank P. Lahm becomes first Army balloon loon race, St. Louis, won by Oscar Erbsloh of Ger-
pilot. many. Airship races are held Oct. 22-23.

1906, January 13-20-First indoor aero expos ition, N ew 1907, October 28-29-lnternational Aeronautic Con-
York. gress held in New York.
 ATmy's fint airplan e was a Wright T ype B.

7, October 28--Aclmiral C. 1 1. Chester urges a nti- 1 908, l\Iay 13-Balloon radio r eception demonstrated
190 submarine airships a nd shipboard airpla nes at In-
by Signal Corps .
ternational Aeornautic Congress.
1908, l\Iay 31-G. H. Curtiss Manufacturing Company
7, Dece mbe r 6-:-Seven-m i ~1 ut~ towed flight from announces pla n es for sale.
190 J110tor boa t tug m Dr. B ell s kne, flown by L t. T. E.
s elfridge. 19 08, Jun e 10-Ae ron a utical Society formed in Ne,
York a nd Morris Park A irfield shortly obtained_:
December 16-Chief Signal Officer advertises for first of kind in U .S.
1907~irship bids, r esulting in purchase of Baldwin air-

ship- 1908 ' J nne 2 0-A nthony radio-conu-olled a irsh ip model

d em ons trated.
December 23-Chief Signal Officer ad venises for
190 7 '. _ lane bids, after visit of Wrights. 1908Gl Jul Y 4- S ct.e,1~ltfic
.
a llP AmeTican Trophy award ed
kilenn H. _Cur_us~ fo~ fir~t public fli ght of one
February 10-First A rmy p lane contract signed ometer cucmt In Ius bipla n e, june Bua-, Han
1908 • Si<mal Corps wi th ' .Yr ight brothers. (Other mondsport, N. Y. "' l-
b )' tr;cts signed with A . M. Herring a nd J. F.
con
scott.) 1908FlJ u 1Y ~ 7-Fn·st
. . orclmance
a 1r . p assed b y Kissim1n
a., With registration and regulation. ee
1\fa•·ch 12-First Aeri al Experiment As~oci at ion ' s
1908, e R ed Wing flown by F . W. Baldwm. Later
}a n ' ' ' 1908 ' Au
d. gust 8-Demonstr a tion fli g hts under Fr
P ee other machines flv.
t 11r ' ;~\~cate c~mtrol b egin n ear LeMans, France€n~h
1\faY 6-18--W right brothen r en ew fl ying prelimi- . 1 ur "Vnght, continuing thro twh D ecembe ' Y
mg a nu I n b e r o f as to undin o- r ecords-
"' Tra · r ·, mak-
1 908, to d elivery of A rm y a irpla n e. C h arles F urn as
stucl ents folio \~S.
, "' · mmg of
11 a r )' . . \
. first a irpla n e passenger.
iS
1908, July 31-A . ,
first . . t_tgust 8- -He nn Farman of Fra nce
First plane fat ality, Se ptem be-r 17, 1908. exlubitiOn a irpla n e flights in U .S. mak es

1908, Au u .
g st 22--Fust Army Baldwin a irsh ip a c ep ted.

1908' septmub 17 F"

Corps Lt ~~ - - •ns t pla n e fa ta lity, killin g Signal
ing Or .1·1 lon:as E._ Selfridge and severely . .
V I e Wnght 111 d 1" 111Jur-
p 1ane For t " ·1 ' e Ivery of first A rm)' a J· t·-
' •v yer, Va.

359
 Sc zen tific Am.e1·ican trofJh y awarded to Glenn Ctatiss.

Glenn Ctatiss fl ying at M on is Penh Race Tra ck, N.Y., 1909.

- __ ..,.,.,

1908, December 28-M a tthew B. Sellers makes several 1909, August 28-After instruction by Glenn H . Curtiss
flights with 7 hp quadroplane. and subsequent practice in the machin e contracted
by the Aeronautical Soci ety, Charles F. ' 1\Till a rd
1909, Januar-y 22-Commercial a irpla ne, bu ilt by Glenn gives his first exhibition a t Sca rsborough Beach,
Curtiss, sold to Ae ronautic Soci e ty of New York. Toronto-America's ftrst ex hibition pilot. His ex-
hibitions continue over several years.
1909, April 16-28-v\Tilbur Vhight d elivers a n a irpl a ne
in I taly and teaches pupils. 1909, September 7-0ctobet· 15- A t Berlin, Orville
V\Tright makes flights under German contract, with
more records.
1909, June 10-Presid en t Taft presen ts Aero Club of
America meda l to vVright broth ers . Con gr essional
medal presen ted at a celebration at Dayton, June 1909, September 30-Inception of ' '\/right-Curtiss p a t-
17-18. ent litigation.

1909, June 26-Gl enn H. Curtiss demonstrates at the 1909, September 30-Emile Berliner describes a pro -
Aero n a utica l Society's m ee t, Morris P ark, New York, posed guided missile.
the machine ordered Janu a ry 22. Further flights are
made at the Society's meet July 5, before removal 1909, October 3-At Zurich, Switzerland, E. ' 'V. Mix
of the m achine to Mineola a nd the instruction of wins the Bennett International balloon race the
m e mber Charl es F. Willard. second time for America.
-
1909, July 17-Curtiss flie s 52 mins. in longes t U.S. 1909, October 4-v\Tilbur '"' right makes sensational
flight except ' Vrights and wins Scien tific American flight, Governors Island to Grant's Tomb and re-
trophy for second time. On this success in th e turn. Glenn H. Curtiss makes a short flight Sept.
Mineola fli gh ts the Aero Club of America n ames 29 and Oct. 3.
him as America 's entry in the B e nn e tt inte rn a tion a l
race. 1909, Octobet· 7-Glenn H. Curtiss flies his first exhibi-
tion at St. Louis. Chicago is next. The same
1 909, August 22-29-Gl e nn H. Curtiss wins first Ben- month, Charles K. H amilton and Otto Brodie learn
n e tt internatio n al airplane r ace and other events o f to fly, follow ed by others. An exhibition company
first I nte rn ation a l Flying Mee t, Rheims, Fra nce. is form ed and Curtiss returns to his developm e nt
Speed: 45 .7 mph. work.

1909, August 25-First A r my airfield leased a t College 1909, Octohe·r 8-November 5-,F irst Arrny av ;ato rs taug;J:lt
Park, Mel. to fly by Wilbur Wright, C o ll ege P ark , Mel.: Lt.

360
 1910, Jun e 30-Dummy bomb d emonstra t;on made
b y Glenn H. Curtiss to Arm y and Navy officers.
Gle nn L. 111 a rt in's first factory was an abandon ed chu rch
in Santa Ana, Ca li[on1.ia. 1910, August 4-Pl ane-ground radio demonsu-a ted b y
E . N . Pickerill.

1910, A ugu st 8-Tricycle landing gear installed by Lt.

B. D. Foulois on Arm y ·w right at San A ntonio.

1910, A ugus t 27-A ir-land plane radio used by J. A. D .

McC urd y, Sh eepsh ead Bay, N. Y.

1910, September 2-First American woma n pilot solos:

Bl ancl1e Stuart Scot t. First exhibition at Fort
\1\fayn e, O ct. 22.

1910, October 8-10-Form er Pres id ent Theodore Roose-

velt is flo wn at St. Louis exhibition by Arch Hoxsey.

191.0., October 1 4 - 1 6 - \,Vellman airship, A1ne1·ica_,. aba n -

dons t ra n s -Aclantic trip after some 8 00 n:llles.

1910, Octobe r 22-31-Second Benn ett internation al air-

pl a n e ra ce wo n by C. G. \ 1Vhite '(Bl erio t) at 61 mp~1
during Belmont P ark meet wh ere numerous r ecords
are made .

Cu1·tiss fl ight, Albany-New Ymh , 1910.

Fra nk P. Lal1m , Lt. Frederic E. Humphreys, and
Lt. B. D. Foul ois.

1909, Nove mbe 1· 27-A nti-a ircr ai t fir ings beg in at Sanely
Hook by Ordn a n ce D ep artment.

1909, November 22-The ~Wri ght Co . formed with $1,-

000,000 capi tal. In 1914, Orville Wright buys the
company back. On Oct. 13, 191 5, a sy ndicate buys
the company a nd adds the Simpl e." Co. In 1916 it
b ecomes th e ~W ri ght-Ma r tin Co.

1910, Janu ary 10-20-First flying mee t h eld at Los

Angeles; Louis Paulhan, of France, the star per-
form er.

1910, May 29-Record flight from Albany to New York

by Glenn Curtiss, 142 .50 mi. in 2 hr., 50 min.

1910, March 25- \ ,Vright patem condemna tion urged

by \ Villi am M . Page, a ttorney for C. F. Bishop,
1

president, Aero Club of America.

1910, June 13-C harles K. Hamiltori fl ies New York-

Phil adelphi a and r eturn for N. Y. Times and Phila-
d elphia Public L edger and $10,000 prize-149.5
miles in flying tim e 3 hr. 27 m in .; elapsed time, 6
hi'. 57 min .

1910, June 13-18-First show of Wright exhibition

tea m, Indianapolis, Ind., where v~a~t~r Brookins is
star an d m ake n ew records. ExlubJttons by single
pilots or groups continue about the country until
the Wright exhibitio n business is disco ntinued in
Nov. 1911.
 1910, November 14-First battleship takeoff by Eugene
Ely from U.S.S. Bimtingham in Hampton Roads,
Va.

1910-Night flights by Walter R. Brookins (Montgom-

ery, Ala., Apr. 18) and Charles Hamilton (Camp
Dickenson, Nashville, Tenn., June 21-26).

19ll, January 7-Didier Masson flies Los Angeles-San

Bernardino to deliver Times newspapers. Mail and
papers delivered Feb. 17 by Freel J. Wiseman.

19ll, January 7-25-Dive bombing, aerial photography,

airplane radio demonstrated by Army officers in
San Francisco meet.

19ll, January 27-28--Lieut. T. G. Ellyson, U.S.N., is

first U.S. naval aviator when he takes his Curtiss
off at San Diego during Curtiss exhibitions.

19ll, January 30-J. A. D. McCurdy attempts Key

West-Havana flight but lands in water ten miles
short and is rescued by Navy destroyer. In 1913
Domingo Rosillo makes the entire distance.

1911, February 17-Curtiss flies tractor seaplane from

North Island to cruiser Pennsylvania. Plane hoisted
on board and return flight later made.

19ll, March 3-Lt. B. D. Foulois and P. 0. Parmalee fly

record cross-country Laredo-Eagle Pass, Tex., I 06
mi. in 2 hr. 10 min. in Wright plane loaned Army
Former President Theodore Roosevelt is flown by R . J. Collier. Messages dropped en route, radio
at St. Louis exhibition by Arch Hoxsey, 1910. received and sent.

Eugene Ely makes first flight from deck of a ship, U.S.S. Eugene Ely lands jJlane on deck of a warship for first ti'me.
Birmingham, November 14, 1910.

362
1911, March 13-Capt. ·w. Irving Chambers, U.S.N.,
is assign ed the Bureau of Navigation to devote ex-
clusive efforts to n aval aeronautics.

1911, March 31-About this elate Missomi National

Gu a rd Sig nal Corps establishes air section and mem-
bers ta ught flight and b allooning.

1911, May 8---First Navy airplane ordered, Curtiss Tri- Lt. T. G. Ellyson is fint naval aviator.
ad, amphibian. By July the three 1911 planes of
the Navy are delive red-Curtiss A-1, A-2; ·wright
B-1. 1911, July 31-During the month, Frank E. Boland be-
gins flying his tailless, allegedly non-infringing air-
1911, :May 13-Lie uts. H. H. (Ha p) Arnold and Thom- plane.
as D eW itt (Tommy) Milling com plete flying train-
ing at ·wright School: 7th and 8th Army pilots. 1911, August 5-Lincoln Beachy wins over Eugene Ely
and Hugh Robinson in New York-Philadelphia race
1911, June 7-Li eut. John P . Kelley, iVIed. R es. Corps, for Gimbel $5000 purse. Elapsed time: 1 hr. 50
assigned Army Sd1ool at College Park-first U. 5. min. 18 sec.; one stop for fuel.
air medical officer.
1911, August 14-25-Harry N. Atwood flies St. Louis-
1911, June &--Connecticut state au· regul a tion IS first New York, 1155 miles by route; longest cross-coun-
state air law. try flight to this date.

1911, June 21-Short-lived Aeronautical Manufacturers 19ll, August 20-,1\Torlcl altitude record set at 11,642
Ass'n. incorporated; Ernest L. Jones, president. ft. by Lincoln Beachy in Curtiss biplane.
1911, June 30-July 11-Boston-vVashington flown by
1911, September 4-Earle L. Ovington (Bleriot-Gnome
Harry N. Atwood. Charles K. Hamilton flies with
70) 'vins over Lieut. T. D. Milling (Burgess-Wright-
him most of way-longest continuous air journey
Wright 30) in 160-mile tri-state race during Boston
to this date.
meet, in 3 hr. 6 min. 22 sec.
1911, July ·1 -Third Bennett plane race won for U. S.
by Charles T. Weyman (Nieuport-Gnome 100) at 19ll, September 7-Lt. T. G. Ellyson, U.S.N., demon-
78 mph. strates shipboard launching by taking off from
aerial cable at Hammondsport, N. Y.

1911, September 17-Novemb~r 5-Transcontinental

flight by Calbraith P. Rodgers from New York to
Pasadena, Calif.-3,390 mi., 49 days.

19ll, September 23-30-Earle L. Ovington appointed

Airmail Pilot No. 1, flying mail from Nassau Boule-
vard to Mineola, L. I., N. Y.

1911, September 30-Lt. H. H. Arnold is "stunt man"

for the lead in pioneer air movies at Nassau Boule-
vard meet where Army pilots compete.

1911, October 9-Demonstration of Tarbox automatic

pilot made before officers at College Park. Other
similar inventions follow. -
\
1911, October 10-Bombsighting and dropping device
demonstrated by Riley Scott, College Park, Mel.

19ll, October 19-February 12, 1912-Eas tbouncl trans-

continental flight of Robert G. Fowler (Wright B),
Los Angeles-Pablo Beach, Fla., 2520 mi . in 116 clays.

19ll, October 24-0rville '1\Tright makes soariug record

of 9 min. 45 sec. at Kitty Hawk.

1912, Feht·uary 12-Fra nk T. Coffyn takes automatic

movie aerials over New York harbor.

363
 Pilot Dick D epew at contmls of em·ly Cw·tiss jntshe1· model.

Glenn L. Martin (right) in front of 1913 Martin Model T.

1912, February 17-First pilot physical exam publish ed 1912, July 2-Va niman a irship Akron crashes off At-
by U. S. Army. lantic City in renewed trans-Atlantic attempt.

1912, March !-Attached type parachute jump by Bert 1912, July 31-Pla ne launched from sea wall by cata-
Berry hom Benoist push er plane, St. Louis. pult, Navy Lt. T. G. Ellyson in Curtiss AH-3.

1912, April 16-First U. ·s. lice nsed woman pilot, Har-

riet Quimby, flies English Channel. (K illed at Bos- 1912, Augus t 12-First Army tractor plane, Burgess, re-
ton Aviation Mee, July I.) ceived; flown by Lts. H. H. Arnold and Roy C.
Kirtland from Marblehead, Mass.
1912, May 24-Pa ul P eck m akes American duration
r ecord o f 4- hr. 23 min . 5 sec. in biplane with Ber-
lin er G yro engine. 1912, Oetober 6-In night flight, Lt. ]. H . Towers,
U.S.N., (Curtiss A-2) makes world seaplane duration
record, 6 hr. 10 min. 35 sec. at Annapolis; American
1912, May 30-Death of W ilbur Wri ght by typhoid.
record for any plane.
1912, June 7-8-Mach in e gun fired from Wright bi-
plane by Cap t. Charles D eFor es t Chandler, College 1912, October 8-F irst Navy physical exam for pilots
Park, Mel. published by Bureau of Medicin e a nd Surgery.

364
 J 912, Oetuht•t· 9-First competition for :.\Iackay Trophy 1913, December 31--0n·ille \Vright demonstrates auto-
wun by Lt. H. H. Arnold. matic pilot; awarded Collier Trophy.

I 912, :\owrniH·r .'i-13-First U. S. airplane artillery ad- 1914, Januar~· 1-First scheduled airline begins opera-
justment, Ft. Riley, Kans., Lt. H. H. Arnold and tions with Benoist flying boat between St. Peters-
••b'icrn~r Lt. Follett Bradley. burg and Tampa, Fla.; Tony Jannus, pilot.

1912, :\on·rnhl'r 6-Dt•ccmbcr 15-Antony Jannus (Be- 1914, January 31-During the month firn U. S. Navy
noist sea plane Roberts 2-cycle I 00 h p) flies Omaha- air station established at Pensacola, following tem-
;\ew Orleans, with mail and merchandi,e. carrying porary camps at San Diego and .-\nnapolis, l9ll-
pa,sengns at stops en route-1835 mi .. living time: l9l2.
3 I hr. ·13 min.
1914, Februar~· I i-Seaplanes and flying boats classed
1913, J:muar:r 13-l\lardt 31-.-\ir parcel post flight, Bos- as "\'essels" by the Department of Commerce and
ton-Kcw York, by Harry :.\I. Jones (Wright B). the license Ko. I is issued to Antony Jannus.

1913, Februm·y 11-J ames Hay bill in Congress inaugu- 1914-, Februm·~· 24-.-\rmy Board condemns all pusher
rates the project of a separate air service. type airplanes.

1913, Febru:n·~· 13-Langley Field Aerodynamical Lab- 1914, April 15-Electric self starter fitted to Anzani
oratory project inaugurated. 200-hp engine of Collier flying boat.

1913, A1n-il 27-First cross-Isthmus flight by Robert G. 1914, June 23-Curtiss' '·Vanamaker trans-Atlantic fly-
Fowler ami cameraman R. A. Duhem, Panama-Cris- ing boat tested. '·Vith outbreak of 'Vorld 'Var I the
tobal. Publication of story and pictures results in project is abandoned.
arrest.
1914, July 2-Lawrence Sperry "·ins French 'Var Dept.
1913, I\lay 10-Didier :.\Iasson and bomber Dean attack prize for "stable airplane" flown by early automatic
i\Iexican federal gunboats in Guayamas Bay. .\ pilot over Seine River in Paris.
number of other Americans fly for Villa in this and
subsequent years. 1914. Jul~· 18-;\\·iation Section of Signal Corps cre-
ated by Congress, authorizing 60 officers and stu-
1913, I\Ja~· 28-Lt. T. D. :.\filling and Lt. W. C. Sher- dents and 260 enlisted men.
man make 2-man duration and distance record of
·l hr. 22 min. and 220 miles (Burgess tractor-Re- 1914, Deet•mber 1-16-Two-way plane-ground radio
nault 70), Texas City-San Antonio. demonstrated by Lt. H. A. Dargue and Lt. J. 0.
l\Iauborgne, :.\Ianila, P. I.
1913, l\Iay 30-About this date is instituted :.\LI.T.'s
aerodynamics course under Asst. Naval Constructor 1915, lUarch 3-National .Advisory Committee for Aero-
Jerome C. Hunsaker. nautics established by ·congress.

1913, June 20-First Naval aviator killed when Ensign 1915, l'Uay 14-Contract l~t. for first Navy airship D-1
,V. D. Billingsley is thrown from seaplane. to Connecticut Airc~aft Co. In July is contracted a
floating airship shed.
1913, July 19-Sky writing initiated by Milton J. Bry-
ant over Seattle. 1915, June 22-Wisconsin State Forester, E. M. Griffith,
flown by Jack Vilas, in first air forest patrol.
1913, October 12-Eighth Bennett international bal-
loon race won for U. S. for fourth time at Paris by
1915, September 17-J oseph Dolgos of Philadelphia
R. H. Upson and R. A. D. Preston, landing in Eng-
demonstrates air incendiary bombs.
land.

1913, Nowmbt•r 27-First exhibition loop by Lincoln 1916, February 9-Cpl. A. D. Smith (l\Iartin S-Hall
Beachy in Curtiss biplane, Coronado, Cal. Scott 125) makes world seaplane duration record of
8 hr. 42 min.
1913, December 4-Tactical Air Unit, First Aero Squad-
ron, set up as provisional organinttion, San Diego, 1916, February 12-Invitation for bids on airmail
Cal. issued by Post Office in l\Jassachusetts and Alaska.

1913, Dec•~mbcr 12-,,Vright pilot Oscar Brindley re- 1916, 1\larch 15-First Aero Squadron, under command
ports at San Diego as Army's first civilian instruc- of Capt. B. D. Foulois, begins operations at Colum-
tor. Scores of others subsequently employed through bus, N. l\1., with Gen. Pershing's Punitive Expedi-
1918. tion.

365

.... ---·
1916, April 5-The Governors Island Training Corps S. C., is 131, including regular and r eserve. Of
organized by Philip A. Caroll. these, 112 are airplane pilots or student pilots. En-
listed strength is given variously from 1087-1800.
1916, April I4--A power-driven turret is proposed with- At armistice the figures are: total officers, 20,708
out result by Col. F. P. Cobham. (pilots and student pilots, 12,449) ; enlisted, 174, 31 5.
Airplane strength, "less than 300." Produced in
1916, June 3-National Defense Act increases strength U. S., Apr. 6, 1917-Nov. I, 1919 : 13,894; received
of Aviation S. C. from 60 to 148 officers over 5-year from Allies, 5,229; total: 19,123.
period. President may fix increase of enlisted men
from old figure of 260. 19I7, l\lay 10--Arra ngements made for eight ground
schools for theoretical training Reserve officer can-
19I6, June 18--U. S. aviator H. Clyde Balsley shot didates . .
down. (Member of Lafayette Escadrille, flying for·
France.) 19I7, !\'lay 16---Aircraft Production Board created. Su-
p erseded by the Aircraft Board Oct. l. Dissolved
19I6, August 29-First U. S. Coast Guard Aviation Di- May 19, 1919.
vision organized.
19I7, l\lay 23-French Premrer Rrbot asks U.S. to
19I6, October 2-Allocation airship development to furnish. 5,000 pilots, 50,000 mechanics, 4,500 planes
Army or Navy raised by Chief Signal Officer. Rigids for active service by spring 1918.
later assigned Navy.
1917, l\lay 29-Liberty engine proj ect in augurated. An
1916, November 2-Chicago-New York commercial air- 8-cylinder Liberty is flown in an L.W.F., July 25.
mail line asked by Glenn Muffiy. Sponsored by The 12-cylinder production Liberty follows in De-
New York Times, Victor Carlstrom flies mail dem- cember.
onstration, November 2-3.
1917, June 1-Barlow robot bomber urged. Armistice
1916, Nov ~mber I4-More than 60 civilians are sent to ends project.
Curtiss contract school at Newport News, Va., begin-
ning this date and before Apr. 6, 1917. Others are 19I7, July 13-Fiske torpedo plane tested with dummy
sent to Curtiss school at Miami. Gen. Mitchell missile. Experiments continue.
learns to fly here at this period.

1916, November I8-20--Group National Guard cross-

county flight under Capt. R. C. Bolling from New Curtiss' ·w anamaker trans-Atlantic flying boat.
York to Princeton, N. J. and return. On December
30, another is made to Philadelphia.

1916, November I9-20-Ruth Law flies her 1914 Curtiss

pusher Chicago-New York, with 2 stops en route,
for new cross-country record.

1916, December 17-To this date the Aero Club of

~erica has certified 636 airplane pilots. In addi-
tiOn are many other pilots who have never flown
for the Aero Club certificate. On Dec. 31, the Army
h as graduated 122 pilots since 1909.

1916, December IS-Non-exclusive licenses are offered

by -Wright-Martin Aircraft Corp. on royalty basis.
T erms are considered prohibitory and in 1917 Con-
gress appropriates $1,000,000 to acquire basic pat-
e ~ts . Solution is the cross-license agreement of the
Arrcraft Manufac turers Association.

1917, February 13-Cap t. Fra ncis T. Evans, U.S.M.C.,

loops and spins a seaplane at Pensacola.

19 1 7, Fe bt·uary IS-Aircraft Ma nufacturers Association

comple tes organization.

19I 7, April 6----U. S. declar es war on Germa ny.

19 17, Apdl 6----0fficial strength of th e Aviation Section,

366
l9l7, July 24----First great U. S. a i.r appropriation, $640,- 1917, October 18--McCook Field established as Signal
000,000. Act also provides for increase in organiza- Corps Exp ~ rimental Laboratory.
t ion of Aviatio n Section, S. C.
1917, October IS--Avia tion Medical Research Board
1917, July 27-Sea·etary of Navy authorizes a Naval established by Signal Corps.
A ircra ft Factory at Philadelphia.
1917, November 15-J. Newton \ '\lilliams' helicopter
1917, July 27-First British DH·4 arrives to be the first proposal results in recommendation of N.A.C.A. for
Ameri ca n service plane put into production, with Government prize of $20,000, not accomplished.
Liberty engin e. First Amer·i ca n DH-4 completed is
flown O ct. 29 by civilian tes t pilot H. M. Rinehart. 1917, November 21-Robot bomber demonstrated to
Army and Navy officers.
1917, August 5-0rigin al First Aero Squadron leaves
Columbus, N.M . for overseas under Maj. Ralph 1917, November 27-Brig. Gen. B. D. Foulois made
Royce.
Chief of Air Service, AEF.

1917, August 13-First AEF squaclro n program calls for

89 wings a nd 508 squadron . On e wi ng equals six 1917-Gen. William Mitchell claimed as first officer to
fly over enemy lines.
sq uadrons (5 a irplanes, 2 ba lloons). A brigade com-
prises two or more wings.
1918, January 19-U. S. School of Aviation Medicine
1917, Septe mber 5-Bristol fighter project started . Con- begins operations under Signal Corps Maj. William
d emned July 20, 1918, after 27 planes are built. H. Wilmer, Hazelhurst Field, Mineola, L. I., N. Y.

1917, September 22-Montgomery heirs su e ·w right- 1918, February 28--Uncler President \!\Tilson's proclama-
Martin Aircraft Corp. for infringement. Suit with- tion, licenses are required for civilian pilots or own-
drawn June 6, 1921. Suit of same elate against U. S. ers; more than 800 are issued.
is dismissed M ay 28, 1928.
1918, March 8--l\1Iaj. Edward C. Schneider and Maj.
1917, October !&-Airplane to airpla ne radiophone James L. Whitney, in simulated altitude flight,
co n ve rsa tion is demonstrated . reach artificial altitude of 34,000 ft. in 24 min. at
Signal Corps, Mineola, N. Y. laboratory.

1918, March 11-First D .S.C. awarded Army air service

p ersonnel goes to Lt. Paul Baer of 103rd Squadron
for his performance this date.

I918, March I4----Two pilots of First Pursuit Group

(95th Squadron) go on patrol.

1918, May 9-Flight Surgeons are organized at flying

fields.

I918, Ma y ll-U. S.-built DH-4 Liberty planes received

by AEF. -

I9I8, May IS-Congress establish es Air Mail Flyer's

M ed al of Honor. First award is to M. F. Freeburg,
1932.

I9I8, 1\'lay IS-Regular airm ail service flown by Army

betwee n New York and Washington, D . C.

I918, May 20-Anny aerona utics sever ed from Signa1

Corps; two departments created: Bureau of Military
Aeronautics and Bureau of A ircr aft Production.

I9I8, June 26-A trans-Atlantic flio-ht is urrrecl b)' Gen.

\t\T1"11 1am
" "
L. Kenly, Director M ilitary b
Aeronautics as
"most n ecessary." On A ug ust 8, R oy N. Francis is
assigned to stud y project. Experiments cont inue to
1919 wh en Navy's NC4 makes the flight.
1918, July 4-Plm to distribute tons of propaganda by 1919, Janu:u·y 21-30-.\nny second transcontinental
balloon over Germany this day fails attainment. flight; Major T. C. 1\l:Jr:auley (DH-1 Liberty), Ft.
Previously extended experiments had been con- \Vorth-San Diego-1\!iami-Ft. \Vorth. Repeated in
ducted and contracts let. April.

1918, August 2-First DH Liberty patrol by I 35th Aero 1919, January 24--At Issoudun, France, lst Lt. Tl'lllple
Squadron. I\ f. Joyce (Morane) makes 300 consecutive loops.

1918, August 17-First Martin bomber flown at Cleve- 1919, l\Im·ch 3-U. S.-Canada airmail flown by Edward
land by Thomas Eric Springer. Hubbard in Boeing seaplane, Type C.

1918, September 7-First U. S. demonstration of troop 1919, April 26-Lt. Comdr. H. B. Grow, U.S.:\. in FSL
transport by air. flying boat makes non-stop endurance record: 20
hr. l 0 min.
1918, September 12-13-Greatest air concentration of
history at St. Mihiel under Gen. ·william l\Iitchell 1919, Apt·il 28-Leslie L. Irving makes first free type
-1481 planes. manually operated airplane parachute jump over
McCook Field. (See 9jlGjl8.)
1918, September 16-German attached type parachutes
being in use at least as early as May 1, 1918, the 1919, .iHay 8-31-Trans-Atlantic crossing by Lt. Albert
AEF cables need and suggests Floyd Smith, test C. Read and crew from Rockaway Beach, N. Y., to
pilot, prosecute development. Smith develops tree Plymouth, England, in NC-1, 53 hr. 58 min.
type 'chute. Leslie L. Irving makes first free jump
Apr. 28, 1919. 1919, l\Iay 14--Navy airship C-5 makes American non-
stop record of 25 hr. 50 min., l\Jontauk Pt., L. I. to
1918, September 18-Altitude of 28,899 ft. reached by St. Johns, N.F.
Maj. R. W. Schroeder.
1919, !Hay 18-In first trans-Atlantic takeoff, H. C.
1918, September 25-First Congressional Medal of Hawker and l\IcKenzie Grieve alight in ocean 1200
Honor awarded for air activity voted lst Lt. Ed- miles and Hy2 hours out with engine trouble.
ward V. Rickenbacker of 94th Aero Squadron. Rescued.

1918, September 26--First phase of Meuse-Argonne at- 1919, l\lay 19-First award of DFC made to !vi;Sgt.
tack. Ralph ,V. Bottriell for first jump by Army person-
nel with free-type 'chute.
1918, September 28-Pilotless airplane maneuvered
from another airplane by radio, after some months 1919, June 1-First organized and sustained forest fire
of experiment. Various automatic pilots and radio patrol inaugurated at Rockwell.
controllers tried over the years.
1919, June 14--First non-stop Atlantic crossing by Capt.
1918, October 2-First successful flights of Army's John Alcock and Lt. A. W. Brown (Vickers-2 Rolls
guided missile. Its prototype had been flown by 375) St. Johns to Clifden, Ireland: 1890 mi. in 16
H. M. Rinehart in July, substituting for the explo- hr. 12 min.
sive load and the automatic controls.
1919, June 28--Treaty of peace with Germany signed
1918, October 3-Flight refueling demonstrated by Lt. at Versailles.
Godfrey L. Cabot, U.S.N.R., continuing into 1920.
1919, July !-Aerial fish patrols inaugurated at San
1918, October 12-Use of oxygen tanks ordered all Diego by Comdr. E. W. Spencer, Jr., U.S.N.
pilots over German lines.
1919, July 2-6--First airship ocean crossing, British
1918, October 25-Charles E. Hughes reports on his
R-31, E: F_ortune, Scotland, to Mitchel Field, N. Y.,
investigation of dishonesty in aircraft production.
3270 m1. m 108 hr. 12 min.; Lt. Comdr. L. Lans-
d,owne,. u_.s.N. on board. Return made July 9-12,
1918, November ll-Arrnistice signed.
Col. William M. Hensley, representing Air Service.
1918, December 4--First Army transcontinental flight
made by Major Albert D. Smith's group of JN4 1919, August 14-Airmail from Aeromarine Hying boat
to White Star liner, Adriatic.
planes, San Diego-Jacksonville-New York-San Diego.
Major Smith's plane alone completes the full round
trip. 1919, August 27-29-New York-Toronto race of military
and civilian pilots.
1919, January 2-Maj. Gen. Charles T. 1\Tenohcr be-
comes Director of Air Service. 1919, August 28-Scplembct· 19-LaW.'>Oil "air liner," 26-

368
 passenger, twin Liberty biplane, makes demonstra- 24 contestants finish, 13 others start but do not
tion trip :\Iilwaukee-\Vashington via Chicago, New finish.
York and other cities. It returns Sept. 25-Nov. 6.
1920, December 13-14-Ka'1" balloon of Lts. L. A.
1919, September· 1-Dive bombing demonstrated about Kleer, \.Valter Hinton and S. A. Farrell land be-
this date at Aberdeen Proving Ground. yond l\Ioose Factory, Ont., after 25 hours, 852 miles
from start at Rockaway, N. Y.
1919, September 16--Flood relief provided by four
JX4D's from Corpus Christi to stranded inhabitants. 1921, Februat·y 18-First U. S. airplane parachute es-
cape by C. C. Eversole, airmail pilot.
1919, Se11tember 18-Roland Rohlfs (Curtiss triplane-
KI2 Curtiss 400) makes world altitude record of 31,- 1921, February 22-23-Night airmail flown by Jack
420 ft. Knight from North Platte, Neb., to Chicago, Ill.

1919, October 8-31-Army transcontinental reliability 1921, February 24-Lt. \\-. D. Coney completes trans-
and endurance test New York-San Francisco and re- continental flight, San Diego-Jacksonville, 2180 mi.
turn. Forty-four compete westbound; 15 eastbound. in 22 hr. 27 min.; 57 hr. 24 min. elapsed time.
Ten planes make round u·ip.
1921, lUarch 23-Lt. A. G. Hamilton drops 23,700 ft.
1919, Octohl'r 30-Reversible pitch propeller tested at by parachute, Chanute Field.
McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio.
1921, June 21-Navy F5L planes sink German sub U-
1919, NoYember 12-Jtme, 1920-Six N'a,·y F-5L's cruise 117 in demonstration.
Kew York to \Vest Indies and return, covering 12,-
731 nautical miles. · 1921, Jul~· 18-21-Sinking of captured German cruiser~
Franhfurt, and battleship, Ostfriesland, by U. S.
1920-l\Joon eclipse observed by Lts. J. H. Tilton and bombs proves vulnerability of naval craft to aerial
\•V. H. Cushing of Rockaway Nan! air station from attack.
height of some three miles.
1921, August 10-NaYy Bureau of Aeronautics formed
1920, Fcbrum·~· 27-\\'orld altitude record of 33,113 with Rear Admiral \V. A. l\Ioffett as Chief.
feet set by 1\Iaj. R. \•\'. Schroeder (Le Pere-Liberty).
1921, September 28-New world altitude record of 34,-
1920, l\larch 29-April 22-:\Iarine Corps group flight 508 ft. set by Lt. J. A. Macready.
\·Vashington-San Domingo and return, 4842 miles.
1921, No,•ember 5-Bert Acosta (Curtiss Navy-Cl2 Cur-
1920, June 7-Lt. John H. \'\Tilson makes unofficial tiss 400) wins Pulitzer race at 176.7 mph.
world parachute jump record of 19,800 ft.
1921, NoYember 12-Refueling in air: Earl S. Daugh-
1920, June 4-Army Reorganization Bill approved, cre- erty transfers Wesley Aiay with can of gasoline from
ating Air Service in Army. wing of another plane.

1920, July 7-FP-SL Navy seaplane flown by radio com- 1921, NoYember 15-Italian airship Roma makes initial
pass from Hampton Roads, Va., to U.S.S. Ohio, at ascent in U. S. at Langley Field.
sea.
1921, December !-Helium airship, Navy dirigible C-7,.
1920, July IS-October 20-New York-Alaska flight; flown from Hampton Roads, Va. to \'Vashington,.
Capt. St. Clair Street, 1st Lt. Clifford Nutt, 2nd Lts. D. C.
Ross C. Kirkpatrick, Eric H. Nelson and C. E.
Crumrine, Sgts. James Long and Joseph E. English, 1921, December 29-\·\'orld endurance record of 26 hr.
Capt. Howard Douglas, advance officer; Mitchel
IS min. 35 sec. made at Roosevelt Field by Edw.
Field, N. Y., to Nome and return.
Stinson and Lloyd Bertaud (CJL6 BMW 185).

1920, Septembet• 8-Transcontinental mail route, com-

bination plane-train, New York-Chicago-San Fran- 1922, J~nmuy !-:-Underwriters Laboratories starts regis-
cisco, completed. tratiOn of aircraft for benefit of insurance com-
panies.
1920, November 1-U. S. international passenger service
started by Aeromarine \Vest Indies Airways between 1922, January !-Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce
Key \Vest, Fla., and Havana, Cuba. organized, New York, with I. M. Uppercu, presi-
dent.
1920, November 25-lst Lt. C. C. Moseley (Verville-
Packard 600) wins first Pulitzer race at 156.54 mph; 1922, :February 21--Airship Roma destroyed.

369·

t'.,_
1922, March 20-Airplane carrier U.S.S. Langley, com- Thomas Buck Hine during naval bomiJmg maneu-
missioned at Norfolk, Va. vers, Cape Hatteras, N. C.

1922, June 16--Helicopter demonstrated by Henry Ber- 1923, SeiJtember 5-Langley Field bombers sink naval
liner, \Vashington, D. C. vessels New jersey and Virginia.

1922, Jul~- 14--Aeromarine Airways starts Detroit-Cleve- 1923, October 6--Lt. A. S. \Villiams, U.S.N. wins Pu-
land flying boat service. litzer race (Curtiss R2CI-DI2 Curtiss 460) at 2•13.68
mph.
1922, August 5-7-Lt. Clayton Bissell completes first
model airway flight, vVashington-Dayton-\.Yashing- 1923, October 25-27-Barling bomber makes series
ton. weight-carrying records with greatest weight 3000
kg.; duration, altitude records, 1 hr. 19 min. I 1.8
1922, August 16--Sperry airway light beacon demon- sec., 5,344 ft.
stration, McCook Field.
1923, November 4--Lt. A . .J. Williams, U.S.N. (Curtiss
1922, September 4-5-Transcontinental speed flight by R2C1-D12A Curtiss 500) makes world speed record
Lt. James H. Doolittle, Pablo Beach, Fla.-San Fran- 266.59 mph.
cisco, Cal., in 22 hr. 35 min. elapsed time.
1923, December 18-For )100,000 the Christmas Aero-
1922, September 14-23-Trancontinental Army airship plane Co. assigns its aileron patent to U. S. Gov-
flight with Maj. H. A. Straus commanding crew of ernment.
Capt. G. \V. McEntire and others, from Langley
Field, Va. to Arcadia, Cal.
1924, January 16--Navy airship Shenandoah tears loose
from mast in storm and rides it out during the
1922, October 5-6--World endurance record, 35 hr. 18 night.
min. 30 sec., Rockwell Field, by Lts. ]. A. Macready
and 0. G. Kelly (Fokker T2 Liberty 375). 1924, February 21-Alaskan airmail flown by Carl B.
Eielson from Fairbanks to McGrath.
1922, October 14--Lt. R. L. Maughan wins Pulitzer
race at 206 mph (Army Curtiss-Dl2-Curtiss 375). 1924, February 22-Lt. .J. A. i\Jacready (Lepere-super-
charged Liberty 400) reaches 41,000 ft. indicated
1922, October 18-\.Yorld speed record of 222.97 mph altitude.
set by Brig. Gen. \.Yilliam Mitchell in Curtiss racer.
1924, A1wil 6-SeiJlember 28-Round-the-world flight by
1922, October 23-American Propeller Co. demonstrates Lts. Smith, Nelson, Arnold, and Harding, Seattle to
reversible propeller at Rolling Field. Seattle, 26,4'15 miles, 175 days (368 hours flying
time).
1922, December 18-Army's De Rothezat helicopter
makes first successful flight, I min. 42 sec., Dayton, 1924, June 2-Lt. James T. Neely and storm-riding
Ohio. meteorologist Dr. C. L. Meisinger, vVeather Bureau,
killed by lightning in balloon near Monticello, Ill.
1923, :\larch 29-Lt. R. L. Maug-han makes world speed
record 236.58 mph (Curtiss R6-Curtiss 465), Dayton, 1924-, Ju1y I -Through transcon ti nen tal airmail service
Ohio. begun by U. S. Post Office.

1923, Ap•·il 16-17-World duration-distance records 1924, October 4--Lt. H. H. Mills wins Pulitzer trophy
by Lts . .J. A. l\1acready and 0. G. Kelly (Fokker T2 (Verville Sperry-Curtiss HC Dl2A) at 216.55 mph.
Liberty 375), 36 hr. 4 min. 34 sec., 2516.55 miles.
1924, October 7-25-N avy airship Shenandoah makes
1923, May 2-3-Cross-country non-stop flight by Lts. record cross-county cruise over 7080 miles in 235 hr.
J. A. Macready and Oakley G. Kelly in Fokker T-2, 01 min. Air hours total of '122 hr. 23 min. includes
from New York to San Diego, 2,520 miles in 26 hr. time moored.
50 min. 3 sec.
1924, October 12-15-U. S. Navy's German airship Z/0
1923, August 27-28-Lts. L. H. Smith and J. P. Richter (Los Angeles) makes fourth aircraft Atlantic cross-
(DH-1£ Liberty 400) made world duration-distance ing, Friedrichshafen-Lakehurst, in delivery under
refueled records: 3293.26 miles, 37 hr. 15 min. 14.8 reparations.
sec.; Rockwell Field.
1924, October 29-Fog dispersal by electrifted silica and
1923, SeiJlf•mbcr 5-Smoke screen demonstrated by sand demonstrated at Rolling Field.

370
 American AiTlines' fle et of planes in 1930 totals six.

1925, January 29-Eclipse pictures a nd astronomic data 1925, October 12-Lt. Cyrus Bettis wins 6th P ~litzer
secured a t high altitudes by Air Service pilots. race (Curtiss R3Cl-Vl 400 Curtiss 61~) at 248.97
mph.
1925, February 2-Kelly Bill signed by President Cool-
idge authorizing private contract air transport of 1925, October 26-Lt. J. H. Doolittle wins 8th interna-
mail. tional Schneider Seaplane Trophy race in first con-
test in America (Curtiss R3C2-VI 400 Curtiss 619)
1925, March 1-San Diego Airline service started b y at 232.57 mph.
R yan Airlines, Inc.-first daily scl1eduled service on
all-season basis. 1925, December 17-Gen. William Mitchell found
guilty of violating 96ili Article of War; had risked
1925, April 7-Navy carrier Saratoga launched. insubordination by demanding unrestricted use of
air power. Sentenced five years suspension of rank,
pay and command. Resigned.
1925, May 21-July 6-Amundsen-Ellsworth polar flight.
1926, January 18-A $2,500,000 air promotion fund es-
1925, July 15-Dr. A. Hamilton Rice Expedition, first
tablished by Daniel Guggenheim.
to employ pl an es in exploration, returns from
Am azo n; Lt. 'Walter Hinton, pilot, in Curtiss Sea-
1926, January 29-Lt. J. A. Macready (XCOSA-Liberty
gull.
400) makes American altitude record: 38,704 ft.
1925, August !-Survey flight of P acific Air Transport
flown b y T. Claude Ryan and Vern Gorst in first 1926, February ll-Strip bombing tests made a t Kelly
R ya n M-1 mail plane. Field.

1926, April 16-First cotton dusting plane purcl1ased

1.9 25, August 4-22-MacMillan polar exped ition with
by Department of Agriculture.
N avy assistance.
1926, April 30--Capt. G. H. Wilkins and Lt. Carl B.
1925, August 5-Seven American pilots 1 ave Paris to
Eielson complete third round trip Fairbanks-Pt.
fly for tl1e French in the Riff campaign in Africa.
Barrow-Fairbanks.
Others follow to a total of I 7 pilots, 5 observers.

1926, May 8-9-Flight over North l Pole by Richard

1925, August 31-September 8-In Tavy's attempted San
Byrd, n aviga tor, and Floyd Bennett, pilot, in Fok-
Fra ncisco-Honolulu flight, Commander John Rod-
gers and crew (PN9-2 Packard 500 flying boat) ker monoplane.
alight short of m ark, m aking non-stop cross-country
seaplane record of 1,84 1 miles. 1926, May 20--Air Commerce Act (Bingham-Parker
Bill) signed by President Coolidge; Aeronautics
1925, September 3-Navy dirigible, Shena11doah, col- Branch, D ep artment of Commerce, established.
lapsed in storm over Ava, 0., killing 14 of 43 on
board. 1926, May 30-Benn ett interna tional b al.l oon race,
Brussels, brought to America b y th e win of W. T.
1925, September 12-Morrow Bo ard appointed by Van Orman and \ •V. W. Morton in Goodyear III
Pres ident Coolidge. (Laid down U. S. a ir policy.) balloon. Cap t. H . C. Gray, A ir Service, second.
371
1926, July 2-Army Air Service renamed Army Air race, Dearborn, l\I ich., won by E. ]. Hill arc! and A.
Corps. G. Schlosser with 7'15 miles; I 5 contest:Jnts.

1926, July 2-First reforesting by airplane. Hawaii. 1927, October 12-\Vright Field dedicated.

1926 July 14---Armstrong seadrome model demon- 1928, Fcbrum·y 3-December 28-Lt. H. A. Sutton con-
;trated at \Vilmington, Del. to Air Service. ducts a series of spin tests; awarded M:1ckay Trophy.

1926, August 18-1\Jetal-clad airship contract let at not 1928, l\Im·ch 1-9-Transcontinenlal amphibian flight by
over $300,000. Army Lt. Bumie R. Dallas and civilian Beckwith
Havens in Loening.
1926, August 25-JN trammg plane dropped by para-
chute, San Diego Nan! Air Station. 1928, March 28-30-Edw. A. Stinson and George 1-Iold-
ennan (Stinson-\Vright 200) make endurance record
of 53 hr. 36 min. 30 sec.
1926 September 15-Pacific Air Transport begins op-
~ration of contract air mail service with Ryan 1\I-1
monoplanes between Los Angeles and Seattle. 1928, April 12-13-First non-stop westbound North At-
lantic airplane crossing made by Baron G. von
Huenefeld, Capt. Hermann Koehl and l\Jaj. James
1926, December 7-Airway beacon erected by Aero-
Fitzmaurice (Junker-Junker 280 j31 0 metal cabin
nautics Branch, Department of Commerce, on
land monoplane) from Baldonncl, Ireland to
Chicago-Dallas route.
Greenly Island, N.F., 2,070 miles in 37 hours.

1927, Mm·ch 9-American balloon altitude record of 1928, April 15-21-First eastbound Arctic crossing
28,508 ft. made by Capt. H. C. Gray. made by Capt. G. H. Wilkins and Lt. C. B. Eielson
(Lockheecl-\Vright 225) Pt. Barrow-Green Harbor,
1927, April 12-New American duration record of Clar- Spitzbergen, 2,200 miles, 20 hr. 20 111111.
ence D. Chamberlin and B. B. Acosta (Bellanca-15
·wright 200) 51 hr. 11 min. 25 sec. 1928, lUay 24-Gen. Umberto's airship is over the Pole
in trip from Spitzbergen. It is wrecked l\-Iay 25,
1927, May 4---Record balloon altitude attempt by Capt. with loss of lives of crew and rescuers.
H. C. Gray, 42,470 ft.
1928, May 31-Jnne 8-First U. S.-Australian flight, by
1927, l\lay 15-19-Greatest concentration since_ \Vorld Capt. C. Kingsford-Smith, Capt. C. T. P. Ulm, H.
vVar I (109 planes) in maneuvers under Bng. Gen. VV. Lyon and James \'Varner (P7 Fokker-3 vVright
J. E. Fechet. 200) Oakland-Brisbane, 7,410 miles; 83 hr. 19 min.

1928, June ll-12-1\[exico-\Vashington flight by Capt.

1927, May 20-21-Non-stop trans-Atlantic so~o flight Emilio Carranza (Bryan-Wright 200).
by Charles A. Lindbergh, New York-Pans, 3,610
miles, 33 hr. 30 min. (13th aircraft to make com-
pleted crossing.) 1928, June 17-18-First woman to fly Atlantic, Amelia
Earhart with \,Vilmer Stultz, pilot, from Trepassey
Bay, N.F., to Burryport, England, in trimotored Fok-
1927, May 25-0utside loop demonstrated by Lt. James ker, 2, 14 0 miles, 20 hr., 40 min.
H. Doolittle.
1928, July 30-31-Twenty-second Bennett international
1927, June 4---First nonstop flight to Germany, Clar- balloon race, Detroit, won by Capt. W. E. Kepner
ence D. Chamberlin and passenger (Bellanca-15 and Lt. \V. 0. Fareckson; 460 miles, 43 hr.
Wright 200), 3,911 miles, 43 hr. 49 min. 33 sec.
1928, September 1 9-First Diesel engine to power
1927, July 25-World airplane altitude record by Lt. heavier-than-air craft; designed by I. M. \Voolson,
C. C. Champion, U. S. N. (Wright-P & W 425 manufactured by Packard Motor Car Co.; flight-
supercharged) 38,484 ft. tested at Utica, Mich.

1928, October 19-Parachute troop demonstration at

1927, August 16-17-A. C. Goebel and Lt. vV. V. Davis, Brooks Field.
U. S. N. (Travelair-15 Wright 200) win Dole Oak-
land-Honolulu race. One team finishes. Two teams
lost. 1928, November 11-First Antarctic flight made by Lt.
C. B. Eielson and Sir Hubert Wilkins (Lockheed-
Wright 22). Other flights subsequently.
1927, September l-Air express operations begun by
American Railway Express and major airlines.
1928, November 23-Decemher 30-New York-Girardot,
Colombia, flight by Capt. Benjamin Mendez, 4,600
1927, September IO-Bennett international balloon miles.

372
 Famous Winnie Mae on display at N atio nal A iT Museum.

1928, December 19-A utogiro fli g ht by H a rold F. Pit- 1929, September 24-Demonstration by Lt. James H.
ca irn, Pitca irn Field , \1\lillow Grove, P a . Doolittle r esults in Guggenheim report blind fl ying
solution.
1929, Januat')' 1-7-Refu elin g enduTa n ce r ecord se t by
Maj. C arl Spaatz a nd Ca pt. Ira C. E a ker , Lt. El- 1929, October 21--,-A ir Ambulance Serv ice organized by ~
wood R . Quesada, Lt. Harry A. H alve rso n , Sj Sgt. Colonial Flyin'g Service and Scully ' '\Talton Ambu-
Ro y ·w. Hooe in 150 hr., 40 mi n. , 51 sec. lance Co., New York.

1929, April 3-Floyd Smith tra p-doo r p a rachu te d emon- 1929-Benne tt international balloon r ace won b y ' '"· T.
stra ted. Van Orman and aide, 341 miles, 9 contestants.

1929, April 30-l ack Ba rstow m ak es dura tio n glider 1930, Mat·ch 15-Glider, piloted by Capt. Frank H awks,
record of 15 hr. 13 min. at P o in t -L orna, Calif. r eleased from seapla ne, Port '"'ashington, N. Y.

1929, June 28-29- Round tra ns Wl} tin en tal . flight by 1930, April 6-Transcontinental glider iq. tow, piloted
C apt. Frank IVI. Hawks (Lockheed-P &: W) in 40 hr. by Capt. Fra nk H awks; San Diego~ to New York;
4 min. 32 sec. Capt. E. G. H arp er r ep ea ts the p er- 2,860 miles in 36 hr., 47 min.
{
forman ce Jul y ll-26. (

1930, May 20-DiTigible-l a unchecl Vought observa tion

1929, July 13-30-\1\Torld e ndura n e r ecord of 420 hr. pla ne, flown by Lt. Comdr. Charles A. Nicholson
17 min. by Forrest O'Brie n a nd Dale J ackson from U.S.S. Los A ngeles to U.S.S. Sa·ratoga, L ak e-
(Curtiss Robin-Curtiss 70). hurst, N.J . ·

1929, July 18-20-N. Y.-Alaska flight by C apt. Russ G. 1930, June 4-N ew world altitude r ecord of 38,560 ft.
Hoyt. Return flight ends at Edmonton, after cover- se t by Navy Lt. A pollo Soucek, Anacostia, Mel.
ing 6,000 rniles out of 8,469 itinerary.
1930, June ll-July 4-\1\Torlcl endlll·a nce reco.rcl of 553
1929, August 5-6-Group transcontin ental flight of 9 hr. 41 min. 30 sec. established by J ohn and Ke nn e th
Keyston e bomb ers under ·Major Hugh .J. Knerr. Hunter (Stinson-Wright 200).

373
1930, July 21-August 17-Refueling endurance record
raised to 647 hr., 28 min. by Forrest O'Brien and
Dale Jackson in a Curtiss Robin, St. Louis, Mo.

1930, July 22-German air mail plane catapulted 250

miles out en route to New York; 198 such sqip-shore
flights 1929-1938.

1930, September !-Bennett international balloon race

again won for U.S. by W. T. Van Orman and aide,
542 miles.

1931, February 14-19-Lts. W. W. Lite, Clement Mc-

Mullen fly New York-Buenos Aires, 6,870 miles, 5
days, 5 hours elapsed time; 52:15:00 flying.

1931, March 30-Airplane-airship mail transfer at Scott

Field.

1931, April 10-Airship sub-cloud observation car dem-

onstration by Lt. W. J. Paul.

1931, May 25-28-\1\Torld endurance record, non-re-

fueled, set by Walter E. Lees and F. A. Brossi, Bel-
lanca, Packard Diesel 225 hp; 85 hr., 32 min., 38
sec., Jacksonville, Fla.

1.931, May 14-28-Transcontinental autogiro flight by

John M. Miller, from Philadelphia to San Diego.
Will Rogers (left) and Wiley Post.
1931, June Lt--Rocket glider flown by William G. Swan;
remained aloft for 30 min. with 10 rockets, Atlantic
City, N.J.
1932, Muy 20-21-Amelia Earhart solos across Atlantic,
1931, June 23-July !-World flight by Wiley Post and St. Johns, New Brunswick to Londonderry, Ireland,
in V\Tasp-powered Lockheed Vega.
Harold Gatty (Lockheed-PW 550), New York-
Harbor Grace-Berlin- Moscow- Irkutsk- Khabarovsk-
Solomon Beach-Fairbanks-Edmonton-Cleveland-New 1932, August 25-First woman to complete non-s top
York, in 14 hours. 8 days 16 hours, 16,500 miles. transcontinental flight, Amelia Earhart, Los Angeles
to Newark.
1931, July 25-26-Glider duration record of 16 hr. 38
min. by 2nd Lt. John C. Crain, Honolulu.
1932, December !-Teletypewriter weather map service
inaugurated by Department of Commerce.
1931, October 3-5-Trans-Pacific non-stop airplane
flight by Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon, Sam-
ushiro Beach, Japan, to Wenatchee, Wash. 1933, Junuury 19-Rocket guided by sound waves from
enemy aircraft proposed.
1931, October 3-5-Herndon and Pangborn (Bellanca-
PW 420) left New York July 28 on world trip and
1933, January 23-Steam airplane project launched by
had reached Japan Aug. 6, abandoning attempt to Great Lakes Aircraft and General Electric Co. Later
better Post-Gatty record.
Besley brothers fly their steam airplane.

1931, October 6-9-Navy bomber tests on U.S.S. Pitts-

burgh in Chesapeake Bay. 1933, April 4-Navy dirigible, Akron, crashes into sea,
killing 73; Comdr. Herbert V. Wiley, commanding.
1931, Novembet· 3-Dirigible, Akron, carried record
number of 207 persons in flight over New York and 1933, May 3-26-Airborne troop logistics part of West
Philadelphia. Coast maneuvers, with 283 aircraft.

1931, December 17-18-Glider duration r ecord of 21 1933, July 15-22...,--Solo round-the-world flight by Wiley
hr. 34 min. by Lt. Wm. A. Cocke, Honolulu. Post in Lockheed Vega monoplane, Winnie Mae, in
7 days, 18 hr., 49 min.
1932, May 9-First solo blind flight, by Capt. Albert F.
H ege nberger, Wright Field, Dayton, 0. 1933, Septembet· 4-World speed record for land planes

374
 set a t 304.98 mph b y J ames R. Wed ell in Wasp- 1935, November 21-December 5-Antarctic flights re-
p owered vVedell-v\ illi ams r acer. newed by Ellsworth and Kenyon (Northrop-PW
600).
1933, November 20-21-V\ orld balloo n altitude record
set a t 6 1,23 7 ft. b y Lt. Comdr. T. G. ' "' · Settle and 1935, November 22-29-Trans-Pacific airmail flight by
Maj. C . L. Fordney over Akro n, 0. Capt. Edwin C. Musick, Pan American Airways,
from San Francisco to Honolulu, Midway Island,
1934, January lO-ll-Longes t n o n-s top over-wa ter mass ' '\Take Island, Guam and Manila, in Martin China
flight compl eted by six. P2Y-l Navy fl ying boats Clipper.
und er command of Lt. Comdr. Kn eller McGinnis,
San Fra ncisco to H o nolulu. 1936, June 7-Ail-insu·ument transcontinental flight by
Maj. Ira C. Eaker, between New York and Los
1934, February 9-Pos tm as ter General F arley cancels An geles.
certain m a il contracts. A i.r Corps fli es th e mai.l Feb.
19-Ma r. 10; Mar. 19-May 5. 1936, September 10-0etober 20-Regular trans-Atlantic
fl yi ng boat serv ice by D eutsd1e Lufthansa. (Domier
1934, June 12-Howell commiss ion to study airmail act twin Diesel engine 600.) Continued in 1937 and
a nd report on all ph ases of avia tion by Feb. l , 1935. 1938.

1934, December 31-vVa r Dep artment a nn oun ces in- 1936, September-Trans-A tlantic round-trip flight by
struction governing GHQ Air Force organization Henry (Dick) Merrill and Harry Richman. New
a nd op era tion. York to London and return.

1935, January 3-A ntarctic flight by Ellsworth and 1937, l\fay 6-German dirigible, H inden bU1·g, burned
Kenyon (Northrop-PW 600). on mooring, killing 36, Lakehurst, N. J.

1935, F e bruary 12-Navy dirigible, Nia con, crashes into 1937, l\fay 20-July 3-Amelia Earhart Putnam and Fred
sea, killing 2. Noon an lost in P acific in round-the-world attempt.

1935, June 12-August 14-,,Vash ington-Alask a-, Nashing- 1937, June 25-Non-stop u·a nscontinental amphibian
ton flight (Douglas Amphibian-2 ' '\ asps) in test of flight b y Richard A rd1bold in PBY-1, Catalina, from
practica bility of such flight with standard equip- San Diego to New York.
ment a nd as a n y ordinary fli ght. C apt. Hez Mc-
Cl ell an a nd crew of two . 1937, July 3-Septemher 3-Regular trans-A tlantic serv-
ice test by Pan American Airways. Imperial Ainvays
1935.' August 15-Will Rogers a nd W iley Post killed also similarly operate July 5-Aug. 2 and continue in
In take-off crash n ear Point Barrow, Alaska. 1938.

1935, Noventber 11-Balloon altitude r ecord of 72,394 1937, August 12-In joint coast defense exercise, Navy
ft. by Capt. 0. A. A nderson and Capt. Alb ert Ste- patrol pl anes locate target ship Utah 300 miles off
ve n s. San Francisco; Air Corps planes attack.

B ell Ai1·crafl's X P- ·g Ai1"Qcomet is fint U.S. jet plane.

375
1937, August 23-\Vholly automatic landings made, 1940, July 1-.-\ir Safety Board abolished with its func-
"first in history," at Wright Field by Capt. Carl J. tions delegated to the Civil .-\eronautics Board.
Crane with 2 passengers; awarded DFC. Civil Aeronautics Administration transferred to
Department of Commerce.
1938, February 26-Government acquires monopoly on
helium by purchasing production facilities at Dex- 194·0, September 23-House committee asks SSO miiiion
ter, Kan. for airport development, in S500 million program;
S·IO million voted.
1938, April 22-Capt. E. V. Rickenbacker purchases
Eastern Air Lines from North American Aviation, 1941, March 17-~Iihraukee renames its airport as Gen-
Inc., for S3,500,000. eral i\I itch ell Field.

1938, June 23-Civil Aeronautics Authority with five 194·1, April 15-First olficiaiiy-recorded rotor helicopter
members, an administrator, and a three-man Safety flight in western hemisphere, Vought-Sikorsky VS-
Board, created under Civil Aeronautics Act signed 300..-\, piloted by Igor I. Sikorsky; flight time, I hr.,
by President. This supersedes Aeronautics Branch, 5 min., 1'1.5 sec., Stratford, Conn.
Department of Commerce.
1941, May-Barrage balloon defense transferred from
1938, July 10-14-Howard Hughes and crew of four Air Corps to Coast Artillery.
fly short northern course around world in 3 days,
19 hr., 8 min. 1941, June 5-Ferry Command, for delivery of planes
to Britain, organized by Army Air Corps.
1938, July 17-18-Douglas (Wrong-Way) Corrigan flies
from New York to Ireland in nine-year-old Curtiss 194·1, June 20-Army Air Force, compnsmg office of
Robin. Chief of Air Corps and Air Force Combat Com-
mand, created.
1938, August lO-ll-First Berlin-:\Tew York nonstop
flight by Capt. Alfred Henke and crew (Focke-Wulf 1941, June-First woman to ferry bomber across At-
Condor 200), 4,577 miles, 24 hr. 51 min. lantic, Jacqueline Cochran, Canada to British Isles.

1938, August 22-Civil Aeronautics Act becomes effec- 1941, Septembe•• 5-Mass trans-Pacific flight of heavy
tive. bombers completed by nine Army B-17 Flying
Fortres~es.

1939, February 4-6-Langley Field-Santiago Red Cross

flight by Major C. V. Haynes in XB bomber with 194·1, December 7-Pearl Harbor.
medicinal supplies.
1942, _April 8-First flight of Ferry Command over
1939, March 5-:Kon-stop airmail system by pick-up Himalayan "Hump" made by Lt. Col. 'Villiam D.
demonstrated by Norman Rintoul and Victor Yesu- Old, between Assam, India and Kunming, China.
lantes in Stinson Reliant planes, Coatesville, Pa.
1942, April 18-First bombing attack on Japanese main-
1939, April 3-The National Defense Act, providing l~nd by 16 B-25 Mitchell bombers from Navy car-
for aerial rearmament, signed by President Roose- ~Ier, Hornet; Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle command-
mg.
velt.

194·2, M:ay 4-9-Battle of Coral Sea.

1939, April 17-Inclined runways for assisted takeoff
studied by Air Corps Board.
1942, June 20--Ferry Command redesignated Air Trans-
port Command under Maj, Gen. Harold L. George.
1939, June 27-Bill authorizing Civilian Pilot Training
Program signed by President.
1942, June 3-7-Battle of :Midway.

1939, July 6-Army Air Corps adopts monoplane type

1942, _June. 17-AAF tow planes successfully pick up
for primary training for first time by ordering
gliders m tests at Wright Field.
quantity of Ryan PT-16 military trainers.

194·2, _August 17-First official bombing raid of Eighth

1939, Septemher 1-3-Germany invades Poland. Eng- A1r Force, 12 Flying Fortresses, Brig. Gen. Ira C.
land and France declare war on Germany. Eaker commanding, Rouen, France.

1940, March 26-U. S. commercial airlines complete a 1942, September-Fifty American Eagle squadron pilots,
full year of flying without a fatal accident or serious RAF, all Americans, transferred to Eighth Air Force.
injury to a passenger or crew member. (Fourth Fighter Group.)

376
 Atomic bomb ~s d-rojJjJed on H i-roshima fmm Enola Gay.

194-2, October 1-F irst U .S. j et pla ne built a nd flown by 1945, Septembe r 28-0ctober 4-Round-tlle-world air
R o b ert M . Sta nl ey; B ell AiTaco rn e t ,' P-59 ), M m oc service b egun by Air Transport Command , Douglas
Dry L a ke, Cal. C-54E, Globester, 9 p asse ngers, 23, 147 miles in
149 hr., 49 min.
194-2, October 2-First n o n-stop cro s-co unu-y fli ght of
a fi g hter a irpla n e. J ack 'Woo1am fli es B ell P-39 1946, J anttaiT 26--Jet-propelled P-80, flown by Col.
from March Fi eld , Calif., to Bollin g F ield , 'i•\ as h. W illi am H. Council!, se ts non-stop transcontinental
record of 4 hr., 13 min., 26 sec., between Long
194.3, l\'lm·ch 1-4-Battle o f Bism a rck Sea. Beach, Cal., a nd New York.

194.3, l\larch 19-Lt. Ge n. H e nry H. An1old, command- 1946, l\'Iareh 12-First commercial helicopter license
ing ge n eral of th e AAF, adva n eed to full £om-s tar oTa nted by Civil Aeronautics Administration for
ge n eral, the first in a ir hi sto ry. "Bell 2-place Model 4,..,/.

194·3, June 24-\1\iorld's lo ngest p a rachute drop, 40,200 .194.6, J\'Im·ch 22--First American-built rocket to escape
ft. , m ad e by L t. Col. \ 1\T. R. Lovelace at Eplu-ata, ea rth's amwsphere, reaches 50-mile h eight. Con-
\ 1\T as h. stru cted b y D o uglas.

194-3, June 1~-First gr o und victo r by a ir power wh e n .1946, July 21-The McDonn ell XFH-1 Phantom is first
P ante ll en a, Italy, surre nders un con ditio n ally to U. S. j et to operate from carrier, U.S .S. Fmnhlin D.
Lt. G e n_. Ca rl. Spaa tz. First case in histo ry of a
Roosevelt.
well-fortifi ed c rtad el b eing d efea ted wit110ut a id o f
gr o und forc es .
1946, August 6--Two B-17 r adio-co ntrolled bombers
with stand-by crews, fly non-stop, Hilo, H awa ii, to
194·3, October -·· world's lo n ges t fr eight lin e opel1ed by
M uroc L ake, Cal.
C a pt. J. L. Oke nfus a nd crew o f fi ve in 28,000-mil e
round-trip fli ght, Ohio to Indi a.
.1947, Februm-y 28-Lt. Col. Robt. E. Thacker and Lt.
John M. Arc!, in a North Ame rica n F-82 (Rolls
1944., June-A rm y A ir Force r each es p ea k with 78,757 Royce V-1650) fly longest known flight by fighter
aircraft. aircraft, Honolulu to N. Y., 4,968 mil es in 14 hr.
31 min. 50 sec.
1944, June 7-D eli ve r y o f R yan FR-1 Fire baii fighters
to U. S. N avy m arks first Nav y je t airplan es a nd 1947, Jn.ly 18-A ir P oli cy Commission establish ed by
world's first composite ::tircraft u iu o- je t a nd pisto n Pres ide nt.
e ng in es.

1947, July 26--Arm y-Na vy i\Ylerger Bill signed by Pres i-

1945, l\'lay 8-\Var in E urope ends. d ent, m a king D epartme nt of the Air Force co-equ al
with Army a nd Navy, and crea ting D epa.rtme nt o f
1945, Augus t 6--A.to mi c bomb d ropped on Hiroshima D efense .
from B-29, Enola Gay, under co mm a nd of Col. Paul
W. Tibbets, Jr. 1947, Octobet· 14-First faster-tha n-so und flight by C ap t.
Charles E. Yeager in r ocket-powered Air Fo rce
194.5, August 14-Jap a n's surrender e nds \ •Vorld vVar II. r esearch plane, Bell XS-1 , b etters 760 mph. (No t
announ ced officially until June 10, 1948 .)
194.5, October 3-E nsig n J a ke C. West of Nav y VF·66
Squadroi1 m a kes first j e t la nding aboard a n a ircra ft .194•8, June 18--A ir paxcel post system esta blish ed by
ca rrie r. Co ngress; to begin Sept . l .

377
1948, June 26--Berlin .-\irlift begins "Operation Vit- I 950, J anum·y 3-.J acqucline Cochran sets new official
tles" with Douglas C--!7's carrying 80 tons of supplies F.A.I. 500 kilometer closed course record flying a
the first day. During first five months, Airlift tops North American F-51 (Packard-built i\ferlin VI650)
cargo volume of all U.S. airlines by flying 93,000,000 at 444 mph.
ton-miles.
I950, January 22-Paul Mantz sets new transconti-
1948, September 15-U. S. Air Force recaptures world nental record flying a North American F-51 i\Ius-
speed record with North American F-86 jet fighter tang (Allison) from Burbank, Calif. to La Guardia
traveling 670.981 mph, flown by Maj. Richard L. Field, N. Y. in 'l hr. 52 min. 58 sec.
Johnson.
I950, February 9-Navy Lockheed P2V Neptune
1948-Northrop's YB-49 Flying Wing, first eight-jet (Wright 3350) patrol bomber completes 5, !56 mile
bomber in the U. S. Air Force, makes longest jet- flight in 25 hr. 57 min.
propelled flight on record of approximately 3,400
miles at average speed of 382 mph. 1950, !\larch 3I-Ana Louisa Branger, flying a Piper
Cub Special powered by a Continental C-90-SF
1949, January 7-Air Force announces a new unofficial engine, sets official new lightplane international
climbing speed record set by the Bell X-1 at Muroc altitude record of 24,504 feet.
Air Force Base with Capt. Charles E. Yeager at the
controls, climbing more than 13,000 ft. per min.,
I950, September 5-North American Aviation an-
compared with 8-10,000 ft. per min. for jet planes.
nounces successful completion of tests at Edwards
AFB in which heavy bombs were dropped for first
1949, January 14-Capt. William Odom, flying a spe- time at speeds over 500 mph with a B-45 Tornado
cially modified Beechcraft Bonanza, sets a new light- (GE-J47).
plane distance record, crossing from Honolulu to
Oakland, Calif. 1950, September 22-Col. David C. Schilling and Lt.
Col. William D. Ritchie fly London-New York non-
1949, February 7-Eastern Air Lines reports new trans- stop with three in-flight rcfuelings in two Republic
continental speed record for transport aircraft set F-84E (Alli~on J-35A-17) jet fighters. (Schilling
February 5 by new-type Lockheed Constellation on completed flight; Ritchie bailed out over Newfound-
delivery flight from Los Angeles to La Guardia Field land and was later rescued by helicopter.)
in 6 hr. 17 min. 39-2j5 sec.
1950, Novembm· 10-A Lockheed F-80 shoots down a
1949, February 8-Boeing XB-47 jet bomber sets cross- Russian-built MiG-15 in first jet aerial combat,
Korea.
country speed record to Andrews Field, "\Vashington,
D. C. from i\Joses Lake, \Vash. in 3 hr. 46 min.
I 95I, January I 7-Convair RB-36D reconnaissance
bomber makes 51 hr. 20 min. non-stop flight without
1949, March 2-Air Force completes the first nonstop refueling.
round-the-world flight in history, as a Boeing B-50
bomber, Lucky Lady II, lands at Carswell AFB,
Ft. Worth, Tex. at 9:30 CST, after a 94-hour trip; I 951, Febt·u~ry 2-First successful air-to-air refueling of
piloted by Capt. James Gallagher, assisted by a crew a U. S. jet bomber is carried out by a North Ameri-
of 13, the B-50 flew a total of 23,452 miles at an can RB-45C Tornado and a Boeing KB-29P tanker
at Edwards AFB, Calif.
average speed of 249 mph. Four refueling contacts
were made with B-29 tankers.
195I, April 24-Piper Super Cub, piloted bv Mrs. Ana
Louisa Branger, sets an international altitude record
1949, March 8-New world distance record for light
of 26,820 feet in the minus 1,103-pound category.
planes set by Capt. William Odom in a Beechcraft
Bonanza, flying 5,273 miles from Honolulu to
Teterboro, N. J., in 36 hr. 2 min. I95I, May I5-Max Conrad sets non-stop light.plane
record in Piper Pacer (125 hp Lycoming), crossin()'
the country in 23 hr. 4 min. 31 sec. .,
I 949, May 3-The Martin Viking, 45-ft. research rocket,
is fired successfully at White Sands Proving Ground,
Las Cruces, N. M., reaching an altitude of 51~~ I95I, ~ugust 8-Navy's Martin Viking VII sets new
miles and a speed of 2,250 mph. al~Itude record for single stage missiles, flying 135
miles up from White Sands Proving Ground, N. 1\L,
reaching a top speed of 4,100 mph.
1949, May 6--Sikorsky S-52-1 helicopter sets new inter-
national speed record of 122.75 mph. I951, August I8-North American F-86A Sabrejet,
piloted by Col. Keith K. Compton, flies from Ed-
I949, October 3-Navy jet-rocket special research plane, wards AFB, Calif., to Detroit, Mich., in 3 hr. 27
the Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket, reaches a top speed min. 5(} sec. at an average speed of 553.761 mph.
of slightly over 700 mph at an altitude of 25,000 ft.
in test flight at Muroc, Calif. I 952, January 2-A Sikorsky I-1- I 9 helicopter completes

378
 1,800-mile fli ght from G rea t Falls, Mont., to L add 1953, October 3-LCdr. James B. Verdin establishes new
AFB, Fa irba nks, Alaska, in fi ve days-probably the world speed record of 753.4 mph in Douglas XF4D-1
longest flight ever m ad e by rotary wing craft. Skyray, Navy carrier fighter.

1952, March 18-Two R ep ublic F-84 Thunderjets land 1953, October 20--TvVA Lockheed Super Constellation
in Ne ubib erg, Germany, after a 2,800-mile flight completes first sd1eduled nonstop transcontinental
without r efueling-believed to be the longes t sus- passenger trip from Los Angeles to New York in
ta in ed jet fighter flight in history. The jets crossed 8 hr. 17 min.
seven countries, averaged 585 mph, and we re in the
air 4 hr. 48 min. 1953, October 29-North American YF-100 Super Sabre
establishes new world's speed record of 754.98 mph,
piloted by Lt. Col. F. K. Everest.
1952, April 30-For th e first time in aVJatwn history,
air p assenger-miles (10,679,281 ,000) in 1951 exceed ed
the to tal passenger-miles traveled in Pullm an cars 1953, December 12-Maj. Charles E. Yeager, USAF
(I 0,22'1,7 14, 000). pilot, establishes n ew world speed record of more
than 1650 mph in the Bell X-1A.
1952, l\fay 10-Transco ntin e ntal lightp lane r ecord is
1954, January 5-Air National Guard Col. Willard W.
set b y Max Conrad in a Piper Pacer, traveling from
Millikan sets New York-Washington speed mark of
Los A ngeles to New Yo rk (2,46 1 m i.) non-stop in
24 minutes in North American F-86F.
24 hr. 54 min.

1954, March !-Peak is r ead1ed in number of U. S.

1952, August I -Two Sikorsky H-19 helicopter s com- airports: 6,760.
plete first trans-Atla ntic h elicopter crossing and
break non-stop distance r ecord for rotary wing a ir-
1954, l\larch 29-American Airlines DC-7 sets official
cra ft.
Los Angeles-New York commercial speed record:
6 hrs. 10 mins.
1952, September 17-0fficial world 's lo ng-distan ce, non-
stop h elicopter r ecord established b y Elton Smith 1954, May 24--M artin Viking II, single stage rocket,
in Bell Model 47D-l fl ying from Fort 'Worth, Texas, sets altitude r ecord soaring 158 miles high (834,240
to Wheatfield, N.Y. (Niagara Falls, N .Y., airport), feet) at 4300 mph. at ' 1\Thite Sands Proving Ground,
a dista nce of 1,2 17.1 4 miles in 12 hours 57 minutes. New Mexico.

1952, Novembe r 19-New record set by North Amer ica n 1954, May 25-Goodyear ZPG-2 non-rigid airship sets
F-86D (GE J-47 GE-17) Sabrejet, piloted by Capt. n ew record for flight without refueling, landing at
]. Slade Nash, fl ying at 699.92 mp h. (Previous world Key ' '\Test, Fla., a fter 200 hrs. 4 ruins. in the air.
speed record-670.981 mph.)
1954, Augu.st 21-New altitude r ecord of 90,000 feet
!953, January 26---Ch an ce Vought A ircraft completes set in rocket-powered Bell X-lA by Major Arthur
final F4U Corsair, bringing to an end the longes t Murray, USAF, at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
production record of a ny airpl ane ever built.
1954, August 27-Adm. DeWitt C. Ramsey, president
1953, :May IS--J acquelin e Cochran Odium flies a t record of Aircraft Industries Association, reports that U. S.
sp eed o f 652.337 mph over a 100 km. course, in a aircraft manufac turers are now building 900 to 1,000
Canadair F-86 swept-wing Sabre. military plan es per month.

Capt. Char les 1 ea.ge·r fli es B ell XS- 1 f aste.,- than sound.
 Boeing XB-47 jet bomber sets cross-country Teco-rd, 1949.

1955, Febt·uary 16-Longest non-stop flight by a jet 1956, July 23-Rocket-powered Bell X-2 sets new speed
fighter-bomb er-2,390 miles-mad e by R e public record of 1,900 miles an hour, flown by Lt. Col.
F-84-F fron:! George AFB in California to Langley Frank K. Everest, USAF.
AFB, Virginia. Speed averaged 605 mph.
1956, August 10-McDonnell XV-1 convertiplane sets
1955, March 9-Republic's F-84F Thunderstreak sets a unofficial speed record for helicopters of 200 mph.
new official transcontine ntal speed record, flying
2,445 miles non-stop from Los Angeles to New York 1956, August ll-Vertol H-2IC h elicopte r sets new
in 3 hrs. 44 mins. world record for distance in a closed circu it with-
out payload by flying 1,199.07 mi. non-stop in II
1955, May 24-A North American F-86 sets two trans- hrs. 58 min.
continental r ecords: (l) as first aircr aft to cross the
U. S. round trip in daylight and (2) by flying east- 1956, September 5-Chance Vought FSU-I captures
west leg in 5 hrs., 27 mins., 37 sees., breaking previ- Thompson Trophy for Navy by flying 1015.428 mph
ous record. to establish new national speed record.

1955, August l-vVhite House announces that U. S. 1956, September 7-Capt. Iven C. Kincheloe, USAF,
plans to launch a small unmanned satellite about sets new altitude record of I26,200 feet in Bell X-2.
the size of a basketball sometime after July, 1957.
Satellite will circle earth at altitudes between 200
a nd 300 m iles. 1956, September 27-Bell X-2 sets n ew speed record of
2,148 miles an hour, crashes at Edw;nds Air Force
Base, Calif. Pilot was Capt. lVIilburn G. Apt, USAF.
1955, August 17-Republic's Thund ers treak sets a n ew
world's non-stop jet fighter distance record of 5,118
mi. from ·London, England, to Texas. 1956, October 11-NACA discloses that four-stage re-
search rockets, fired in connection with develop-
1955, August 20-North American F-lOOC sets the first ment of the ICBi\II and the North American X-15,
supersonic world speed record of 822.135 mph, 70 have hit speeds of 6864 mph or Mach 10.4.
miles faster than th e previous r ecord set in 1953.
1956, November 2-D efense Department discloses that
1955, Octobet· IS-Douglas A-:JD Skyhawk sets a n ew Navy's first guided missile cruiser, the Boston, will
closed course world speed record of 695.163 mph. be dispa tched to Mediterranean to join U.S . Sixth
Fleet.
1956, April 2-Air Force reportedly fir es an a ir-brea th-
ing g uided missile (Northrop SM-62 Snark) a dis- 1956, November 13-North American F-107 reach es
tance b etween 1,500 a nd. 5,000 miles from Patrick Mach 2 speed in flights a t Edwards Air Force Rase,
Air Force Base, Fla. Calif.

380
1956, l\"owmber 27-Eight B-52's break tl1e jet bomber's to determine human reactions in space flight; Maj.
record by staying aloft an estimated 32~~ hours, David Simons, sealed in a pressurized capsule, stays
covering 17,000 miles. aloft for 32 hrs.

1957, Januar~· 18-Three of five B-52 jet bombers land 1957, October 10-Following Russia's launching of first
in Calif., culminating the first nonstop jet flight earth satellite (Sputnik) on Oct. 4, President Eisen-
around the world. The 2·1,325-mile flight is accom- hower announces that the U. S. will attempt to
plished in ·15 hr. 20 min., slao;hing by one-half the launch a four-pound "test" satellite in December.
previous record.
1957, October 22-The Jupiter, Army's intermediate-
1957, J~muar~· 28-Lockheed YC-121F Constellation sets range ballistic missile, flies its prescribed course and
new west-to-east record of 4 hr. ·11 min. lands in pre-selected target area.

1957, Fcbrtuu·y 19-Fit·st hovering flight of Bell X-14 1957, October 22-Air Force reports sending rocket at
jet-powered VTOL at :'\iagara Falls. :'\.Y., airport. least 1,000 miles and perhaps 4,000 miles above the
earth at Eniwetok Atoll in Operation Far Side.
1957, March 12-Boeing 707 Stratolinel". America's first
jet airliner, spans continent in record-breaking 1957, l\"m·ember 1-GAl\I-63 Rascal air-to-surface guided
flight of 3 hr. ·18 min. missile officially becomes operational with Strategic
Air Command at Pinecastle AFB, Fla.
1957, i'Um·ch 15-Goochear Aircraft Co.'s :\'an ZPG-2
blimp sets new wm:ld records for continuo~ts flight 1957, November 13-Boeing KC-135, piloted by Gen.
(over 300 hr.) and distance (R,OOO mi.) Curtis Lel\Iay, sets new distance nonstop record,
fh•ing 6 350 miles from '\'estover AFB, ~lass. to
1957, March 24--l\"avy Douglas :\3D twin jet attack B'uenos 'Aires; the KC-l35's return trip sets new
bomber cracks two speed records. flying round-trip, speed record, Buenos Aires-,Vashington, D. C., over
Los Angeles-New York in 9 hr. 3!> min. 48 sec. for 5,200 miles in ll hr. 5 min.
one mark, and cast-west in 5 hi". 14 min. 58 sec.
1957, November 27-Air Force l\IcDonnell Voodoo jets
1957, July 16--Chance Vought FSU-1 Crusader, piloted shatter three transcontinental speed records: Los
by .Maj. John Glenn. Jr., USl\IC, sets new coast-to- Angeles to l\"e\\· York and back: 6 hr. 42 min. 6
coast record, flying from Calif. to :\'.Y. in 3 hr. sec.; east-west, 3 hr. 34 min. 8 sec.; west-east, 3 hr.
23 min. 5 min. 39.2 sec.

1957, An:tust 12-F3D makes first fulh·-automatic land- 1957, December 6-Vanguard yehicle fails in attempt
ing ab~ard an aircraft carrier, U.s.s·. Antietam, using to launch first U.S. satellite.
Bell Aircraft all-weather automatic landing system.
1957, December 12-l\IcDonnell F-IOlA, piloted by
1957, Augu~t 20-A manned balloon sets new altitude l\Ia j. Adrian Drew, captures world speed record for
record of over 100,000 ft. during .·\ir Force project Air Force by flying 1207.6 mph.

381
 DAY BY DAY

Cessna's Model 310 wins AiT FoTce

competition foT twin-engine fJlane_
 JANUARY
• January 2
Cessna Aircraft Co.'s Model 310 wins Air Force
competition for a light twin-engine administrative li aison
and cargo plane.

• January 3
Air Force and Navy award $3.235-billion in con-
tracts for aircraft, missiles, drones and related produc.
tion facilities during first four months of fiscal 1957.
James R. Durfee is d esignated to sen•e again as
Civil Aeronautics Board chairman for 1957.

• January 8
Brooklyn Dodgers (later Los Angeles), with pur-
chase of Convair 44 0, are first rna jor league baseball
team to purchase airplane for transportation of team.

• January 9
Navy awards $27-million contract to Bendix Avia-
tion Corp. for Talos anti-aircraft guided missile.
Lockl1eed Aircraft Corp. holds airframe responsibil-
ity for Polaris mid-range ballistic missile, Navy discloses,
with Aerojet-General developing the propulsion unit
and General El ectric and IVI ass. Inst. of Tech. working
guidance system.
Kollsman Instrument Corp. receives $26-million
conu·act for new-type automatic astro compass.

cHRONOLOGY • January 10
Allison Div., GMC, receives $20-million Air Mate-
riel Command contract for ]71 ei1gines for F3H aircraft.
New in-flight refueling system, permitting refueling
at speeds in excess of 350 knots and altitudes up to
40,000 feet, is announced jointly by McDo.nnell Aircraft
Corp. and Beech Aircraft Corp.
Aircraft industry remains nation's top employer
with 839,4 00 workers in October, Bureau of Labor
Statistics reports.

• January 11
First flight of Hiller Helicopters' XROE-1, one-man
collapsible rotorcycle, is announced by Navy-

• Janua·r y 14
Publishing rights to AIRCRAFT YEAR BooK ai1d
AVIATION FACTS AND FIGURES, both official publications
of the Aircraft Industries Association, are aequired from
Lincoln Press, Inc. by American viation Publicatio ns,
Inc.

• January 16
Radioplane Co. starts deliveries of XKD4R-l target
drones to Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu,
Cal if.

Radioplane Co. staTts delive-ries of

XKD4R -1 ta1·get d1'0nes in ]amw1y.

383
• January 17 off from L a Guardia Airport (N.Y.) killing 20 of 101
Presiden t Eisenhower requests S38.5-b illion for de- p ersons aboard.
fense in record peacetime budget; new budget would Air Force awards B ell Aircraft Corp. S22-nci llion
cut Air Force by nine wings to 128 wings and would contract for further research and development of Rascal
include $6.2-billion in new money for aircraft and S2.6- a ir-to-ground rocket missile.
billion for missiles.
• February 4
• January 18 First Boeing K.C-135 jet tanker is delivered to Air
Three of five B-52 jet bombers land in Calif., cul- Force for testing.
North American X-10 pilotless research vehicle
minating the first nonstop jet flight around the world.
The 24,325-mile flight was accomplished in 45 hr. 20 fli ght tests concluded; operations begin on XSM-64
Navaho ramjet missile.
min., slashing by one-half tl1e previous record set by a
B-50 in 1949.
• February 5

• January 21 Civil Aero nautics Board orders tha t, effective Feb.

20, all test flights, civil and military, be made over op en
New Navy helicopter trainer, designated I-ITL-7,
water or sparsely settled areas approved by the Ci vil
will be developed and produced by Bell with first Ae ronautics Administrator.
delivery slated for late 1957.
Cessna delivers first five T-37 twin-jet train ers to
• February 6
Air Force.
A new two-man helicopter, Model 269, designed by Special Senate Armed Services Subcommittee task
Aircraft Div. of Hughes Tool Co., undergoes flight tests force, h ead ed by Sen. Stu art Symington (D.Mo.), will
in Calif. probe aircraft procurement, maintenance, operations,
training and training facilities.
Aircraft Industries Association r eports that utility
• January 28
ai rcraft exports rose .~5 -million in 1956.
Lockheed YC-l2IF Constellation sets new west-to·
east record of 4 hr. 4 1 m in., averaging 490 mph over the • February 7
2340-mile route, eclipsing 195'1 mark of 6 hr. I 0 min. set
by American Airlines DC-7. Ryan Ae ron autical Co.'s XQ-2B Firebee jet target
drone missile (powered by a Contin ental J69-T-l9A jet
engine) sets n ew altitude and endurance records by soar-
• January 30 ing to 53,000 ft. and remaining in the a ir o n remote
Sikorsky HSS anti-submarine helicopter (powered control for I hr. '14 Y2 min.
by a GE T58 gas turbine en gine) flies for first time. Ryan receives $5.25-million orders from Air Force
and Navy for Firebee.

• January 31 • February 8
DC-7B and F-89D collide over southern California.
Kaman Aircraft Corp.'s HU2K-l (single rotor heli·
copter) wins Navy design competition.
FEBRUARY • February 11
Brig. Gen . Dale 0. Smith is named chief of the
• February 1
U.S. l'vfilitary and Assistance Advisory Group in Saudi
Northeast Airlines DC-6A crashes shortly- after take- Arab ia and comdr. of the 2nd Air Div. at Dhahran.

Air FOTce a.wm·ds Bell contract for further development of Rascal air-to-ground rochet missile.
• Fe brunry 12
A IA r e po r ts tha t utility aircraft unit a nd dollar
vo l ume was up -2 p ercent in 1956 ove r 1955.

• F e bnwry 15
A ir F orce awa rds $1.5-mill io n d evelop ment co nu·ac t
to Hill er Heli co pters, In c. fo r X-18 tilt-wing r esearch
a ircra ft using two A lliso n T 40 turboprop eng in es.

• F e bruary 18
Gugge nh eim fo unda ti o n g ives $250 000 for Aviatio n
H ea lth a nd Sa fety ce nter a t H a rva rd.
Genna ! Na th an T w ining su cceeds A dmiml A TthuT
Radfo-rd as C h ainn an of jo int Chie fs of Staff.
• February 19
First hovering fli g ht of Bell X -1 4 je t-powered
VTOL. N ickerson , Jr., ch arged with gtvmg newsmen secret
documents dealing with ballistic missile development.
• February 20 (In June, Col. N ickerson pleads guilty to 15 counts of
breaching security regulations and receives ! fine, a
Fi ve a irlin es to d a te indica te th ey will ask CAB
reprim a nd a nd reassignment to a non-security post.)
for a six p erce nt increase in far es.

• February 21 • March 11
Produ ction of Ae ro Commander 560-E, powered by
First nucl ear air-to-a ir rock et is now ava il a ble in
two L yconcing 295-hp engines, is announced by Aero
A ir Defense Comm a nd , D efe nse Secreta ry ·w ilso n a n-
D es ign a nd En gineering Co.
noun ces.
Boeing 707 Stra toliner, America's first jet airliner,
spans continent i n r ecord-breaki_ng flight of 3 hr. 48
• February 26 min., from Seattl e, ·w ash. to Balumore, lVId.
D efe nse Secr etary Cha rles \!\Tilso n merges the Office
of Engineering and Office of R esear ch and D evel opment • March 13
into single n ew Office of R esearch a nd Engineering
Con va ir wins Navy d esign competttwn for r adically
h ead ed by Ass t. D efen se Secre tary Fra nk N ewbuTy. adva nced anti-subm arin e warfare fl ying-boat.
Navy ZPG-2 blimp, built by Goodyear Aircraft Co.,
• February 27 se ts new world r~co rcl s for continuous fli ght (over 300
Air Force awards productio n sup port contract for hr.) and dista nce (8000 mi.).
n ew T-38 supersonic tra in er to N orthrop Aircraft, Inc.
• March 21
• February 28 Distinguish ed Service Medal 1s presented to Dr.
Jerome Hunsacker by NACA.
A completely a utomatic all-we<t ther landing sys tem
is successfully d emonstra ted b y B ell Aircra ft Co.
• March 22
First photogra phs of R e public F-1 05 Thunderchief,
!\'lARCH new supersonic fight er-bomb er, are officially rele ased.

• March 1 • March 24

The supersonic R e publi c F-105 is. chosen .by A ir N ew L ycoming T 55, a 1650 horsepower turbine-
Force as "nex t genera tio n " fighter-b omber for T actical prop eller powerpla nt we ighin g a bout 60,0 lbs., is un-
A ir Comm and. veiled.
Asst. D efense Secretary Fra1\ k Newbury states aim
of n ew Office of Resea rch and Engineering is to sp end
• March 4
more on r esearch and less on d efense.
Pl a ns for co nstructio n o f a $5-million electronic N avy D o uglas A 3D twin-jet a ttack b omber cracks
control center in N ew York city for h a ndling passen ger two sp eed rec~rcl s_ fl ying round-trip Los Angeles-N ew
reservations and in fo rm a tio n ser vices is announced by York m 9 hr. 3!:! nun. 48 sec. fo r o n e m ark and eas t- wes t
Eastern A ir Lin es. in 5 hr. 14 min. 58 sec.
Grumm a n A ircra ft Co. announces su ccessful flight
of carrier-based \ ,VF-2 early wa rning a ircra ft. • March 26
l~irs t L ~cros~ e surface- to-surface guided missile cornes
• March 6 off production lm e, accordin g to Martin Co.-Army Ord-
Army ord ers ge n eral court m ar tial for Col. John nan ce jo int a nnoun cem ent.

38•5
 McDonnell F-JOJB Voodoo mahes first flight in Ajnil-

• March 27 of more than 9000 mph in firings at Patrick AFB.

President Eisenhower nominates Gen. Nathan Combined sales of nation's 12 leading airframe
Twining to succeed Adm. Arthur Radford as Chairman manufacturers in 1956 amounted to $5.637-billion, 9
of Joint Chiefs of Staff; Donald Quarles, Air Force percent over 1955 level and just $129-million short of
Secretary, is named as Deputy Defense Secretary; James World \Var II peak, according to AlA report.
H. Douglas replaces Quarles in Air Force post.
• April 25
• March 28 More than $15.1-billion was expended by Dept. of
Boeing Airplane Co. announces development of Defense for military electronics during period 1950
Model 717, a medium-range jet transport. through 1956, according to computation by Radio-Elec-
tronics-Television Manufacturers Assn.
APRIL
• April 1 MAY
U.S. aircraft exports in 1956 exceeded $!-billion for
first time since 1946, AlA reports. • May 6
William M. Holaday is named Special Asst. to
• April 3 Secretary of Defense for Guided Missiles, replacing Eger
Over $52-million for 334 airport projects - in 46 V. Murphree.
projects in 46 states is allocated in fiscal Federal-Aid
Airport Program. • Mary 9
General Electric Co. gets $58.5-million Navy con-
• April 5 tract to develop new 2600-shp turbopropjturboshaft
Gen. Curtis LeMay is named Air Force Vice Chief engine; General Electric is also chosen to develop ad-
of Staff to succeed Gen. Thomas \Vhite who moves into vanced turbojet engine for Air Force long-range inter-
the N urn her I spot. ceptor and WS-110 chemical bomber.
McDonnell Aircraft Corp. reports its F-IOlA as
• April 8 having gross weight of 49,000 lbs., altitude capability of
55,000 ft., and top speed in excess of 1100 mph.
McDonnell F-101B Voodoo, powered by advanced
Rear Adm. James S. Russell will become Chief of
version of P&W J 57 engine, makes first flight.
Staff of Atlantic Fleet. ;
New in-flight refueling system, developed by North
American Aviation, Inc. and Flight Refueling, Inc., is
successfully tested over Mojave Desert. • May 13
American Helicopter Society honors late Capt.
• April 11 Wayne W. Eggert, Air Force, (formerly helicopter test
Air Force-Ryan X-13 Vertijet, jet-powered vertical pilot) wiht the Dr. Alexander Klemin Award. Other
takeoff and landing research airplane, makes first verti- honors go to Robert Suggs (Kossler Award), Jean Ross
cal-horizontal flights . Howard and S. Paul Johnston (honorary fellowships).

• April 15 • May 15

Martin receives $24-million Navy contract to mod- Air Force and Pratt & Whitney jointly announce
ernize 80 P5M-1 Marlin anti-submarine seaplanes. ~ayne W. Eggert, Air Force (former helicopter test
pilot) with the Dr. Alexander Klemin Award. Other
• April 24 in the free world."
Special Presidential Aide Edward P. Curtis recom-
Lockheed X-17 research rocket sets new speed record mends independent Federal Aviation Agency to ab-
386
 sorb C\A, and assume safety regulatory, investigatory flight, and obtain data on man's ability to endure at
and enforcement powers of CAB. high altitudes.

• .ll fl.'" 16
• June 3
.'-."orth American Aviation, Inc. wins Air Force de- Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc. gets S35-million Navy
sign competition for new long-range manned intercep- contract for continued development of FSU-3 fighter,
tor.
successor to FSU-1 Crusader.
Boeing Airplane Co. receives .·\ir Force production Helio Aircraft Corp. announces first details of its
comract for its Bomarc Il\1-99 interceptor missile; Eo- Strata-Courier, a high altitude, photographic design
marc is revealed to have a range capacity "permitting powered by a 340 hp Lycoming engine and reportedly
it to shoot down enemy airuaft at a far greater distance rated to operate at altitudes exceeding 30,000 ft. at full
than any other missile presently in use in air defense."
payload.
• Jlay 20
• ]une 4
Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp. is winner of
Navy BuAer competition for high perfmmance observa- ',Yestinghouse Gas Turbine Div. unveils its J54
tion aircraft for Army and :.Iarine Corps. 6000 lb. thrust jet engine.

• May 21 • June 5
North American F-100 Sabre, piloted by l\laj. Rob- Army announces successful firing of Jupiter mid-
inson Risner, flies Lindbergh's transatlantic route in 6 range ballistic missile to approximately 1,500 mi., limit
hr. 40 min. (as compared to 330! hr.). of its designed range; the vehicle attained an altitude
of 250 to 300 miles.
• Ma~· 22
General Electric Co. unveils its J79 turbojet engine • June 11
stating that "it produces more thrust per pound of en- Richard C. Horner is nominated by ·white House
gine weight than any other large jet engine in produc- as Asst. Air Force Secretary for Research & Develop-
tion today." ment; l\lr. Horner has been acting asst. since early 1956.
Curtiss-,Vright announces its TJ38 high perform.
ance, low noise level, 2-spool, triple jet powerplant de-
• June 12
signed specifically for commercial airline use and de-
veloped jointly by Curtiss-"Wright & Bristol Aeroplane Army announces first details of the Hawk, new
Co., Ltd. of England. ground-to-air missile "designed to reinforce the low al-
titude capability of our air defenses." Raytheon Mfg.
• May 23 Co. is named as prime contractor for entire weapon
system.
Harry J. Allen, chief of NACA Ames Aero. Lab.,
receives NACA's Distinguished Service Medal for dis-
covel)' five years ago of blunt-shaped nose cone for • June 14
ballistic missiles. Lt. Gen. Elwood Quesada (USAF, Ret.) succeeds
Edward P. Curtis as special Presidential Aide for avia-
• May 27 tion facilities.
General Electric Co. introduces its CJ805 jet en-
gine, describing it as a "powerful engine that is light and • June 17
also efficient."
Formation of the International Council of the Aero-
nautical Sciences is officially announced.
• May 28
l\Iartin Co. announces development of portable jet • June 19
engine muller said to be capable of reducing jet engine
noise at a point within 500 ft. of an aircraft to a level Lt. Col. Frank K. Everest receives 1957 Octave
no greater than encountered within a radius of 5 mi. Chanute Award for "outstanding contributions to the
from the aircraft. development of rocket-powered flight test techniques."
Navy & l\lartin Co. announces new air-to-surface,
missile, the Bullpup, currently undergoing Navy evalu- • June 26
ation.
Kaman Aircraft Co. wins Air Force design compe-
tition for new crash rescue helicopter.
JUNE
• Jrme 27
• June 2
Air Force & Hell Aircraft Corp. release details of
A huge plastic balloon carries Air Fore~ Capt. J. ',y· Bell's X-14, newest jet-powered VTOL. Powered by
Kittinger, Jr. to 96,000 ft., where he rem~med for tw_o Armstrong-Siddely jet engines, the X- H takes off verti-
hours, to set a new record for manned lighter-than-an cally in a conventional horizontal position.

387
 NoTth AmeTican's Nava ho missile pm-
g1mn is cancelled by AiT Fo Tce in july.

JULY

• July 1
Ethyl Corp. reports d evelo pm ent of n ew a nti-knock
additive, AK-33, for av iation gasolin e which ups fuel's
power 20 p ercent.

• July 3
Dr. D. P. Barnard is sworn in as D eputy Ass t. Sec-
re tary of Defense for Research a nd Engrg., a post prev i-
ously filled by Frank Newbury.

• July 5
1958 Defen se Dept. Appropriations Bill p asses Sen-
a te providing $6.1 26-million for Air Force a ircraft and
related equipment, and $ 1.912-million for Navy.

• July 8
:Maj. Gen. D avid H. Baker retires as Director of
Procurement and Production for Air Force Air Materiel
Command, effective July 31.

• July 11
Convair disclosed that its B-58 Hustler h as a top
speed of ove r 1200 mph.
North American's Navaho missile program is can-
celled by Air Force; the company estimates this will re-
sult in reduction of 15,600 employees from its payroll.

• July 12
Fairchild gets Army Signal Corps $ 12-million con-
tract for r esearch, development & manufacture of n ew
high-speed surveillance drones.

• July 16
A Chance Vought F8U-1 Crusatle r, piloted by Maj.
John Glenn, Jr., USMC, sets n ew coast-to-coast trans-
con tin ental record, flying from Calif. to N. Y., a distance
of 2460 mi. in 3 hr. 23 min.; average flight speed: 760
mph.

• July 18
.. D efense Secretary Charles W'ilson orders cuts 111
mdttary manpower and slowdown in contract awards 111
effort to curb military spending.
Hebert Investigations Subcommittee launches its
probe of aircraft engine industry.

J • July .19

Northrop F-89 J fires air-to-air atomic r ocket in

Nevada.
 Con vaiT discloses that its B-58 Hu stle-r
has a top sjJeecl of ove1· 1200 mph.

• July 22
Fourtee n a irlines o n A tla ntic r o ute show 27.5 p er-
ce nt increase in p asse n gers in first si..-x months of 195 7 as
comp ared to the same 1956 p eriod.
D efen se Secretary \1\lilso n acce pts Coolidge Commit-
tee recomm endation ca lling for end of military effon s
to cl assify info rma tion a bo ut equipmen t which ca nn o t
b e h eld sea·e t because of ge n eral public access ibility. Tm.ining veTsion of Convai-r's F-1 02 .

• July 23
Republi c Av iation Corp. annou n ces d evelopm ent
of a low-cost " buddy" refueling sy tem for superso nic
j et fi ghters.

• July 28
R epublic's n ew F-105B superso ni c fig hter-bomber
has first public showin g.
A n ew' record for the Bendix Troph Race is se t
by Capt- Kenne th D . Ch a nd ler , flying a ~q m· ai r . F- 102
d elta-winged pl a ne from C hicago to Washm o·ton 111 less
th an 55 min .; ave rage sp eed : 670.053 mph.

• July 30
Kam a n · A ira·af t Co r p. co ndu cts world 's first pilot-
less h eli copter fli ght at Bloomfield, Co nn.

AUGUST
• AugrLst 1
Air Fo rce must reduce its fi scal 1958 spending es ti-
m a te by a littl e over $ !-billion to stay within $38- billion
D efense sp ending ce iling, A ir Force Secretar y ] ames
Douglas sta tes .

389
 Neil H. McElroy Charles E. Wilson

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

• August 8 man reactions in space flight; Maj. David Simons, sealed

in a pressurized capsule, stays aloft for 32 hr.
CAB turns down request by seven airlines for six
percent emergency fare increase.
Neil H. McElroy, president of Procter & Gamble, is • August 22
named by President Eisenhower to succeed Charles Wil- Navy reduces its fiscal 1958 plane procurement from
son as Defense Secretary. 1220 new airplanes to 1025. Slated for purchase are:
Douglas A3D and A4D, North American A3J, McDon-
nell F3H, Grumman WF, Sikorsky HSS, HR2S, HUS,
• August . 12
and Kaman HU2K-l, Lockheed T2V, North American
Development of a lightweight, low-cost airborne T2J, Grumman F9F-8T, and a small quantity of Chance
weather radar for Air Force administrative aircraft is Vought Regulus II.
announced by ARDC and the west coast div. of RCA.
First production models of Air Force's ASN-7 all-
weather robot navigator, developed jointly with Ford SEPTEMBER
Instrument Co., is slated for delivery within several
months.
Lt. Col. Frank E. Everest, Air Force, is designated to • September 4
receive the 1957 Harmon International Trophy for Out- American Airlines is selected by CAB as U. S. car-
standing Aviator, and Malcolm D. Ross and Lt. Comdr. rier to operate Chicago-Mexico City service under new
Morton L. Lewis, USN, will receive the Outstanding air agreement with Mexico.
Aeronaut (lighter-than-air pilot) award. Lockheed's 10-passenger J etStar utility transport
F-3-D makes first fully automatic landing aboard completes a 34-minute maiden flight at Edwards AFB,
aircraft carrier U.S.S. Antietam in Gulf of Mexico using Calif. just 241 days after start of engineering design.
Bell Aircraft all-weather automatic landing system.
• September 9
• August 13 As result of military spending cutback, Air Force
Air Force callS upon its contractors, except those en- plans to buy slightly less than 1000 new aircraft in fiscal
gaged in ballistic missile development, to reduce employ- '58, as compared with 1515 planes originally slated for
ment five percent by Oct. 31; similar cut will be made purchase.
in Air Force civilian personnel.
• September 12

• August 15 Passengers carried on scheduled services of member

airlines of the International Air Transport Assn. in-
Eastern Air Lines is authorized by CAB to provide creased 188.4 percent between 1949 and 1956, accord-
first U. S.-fiag nonstop service from New York and Wash- ing to IAT A report just released.
ing ton to Mexico City.

• September 16
• August 20 Air Force activates headquarters of first Ballistic
A manned b alloon sets new altitude record of over Missile Div. at Cooke AFB, Lompoc, Calif., under the
100,000 ft. during Air Force project to determine hu- command of Col. William A. Sheppard.

390
• Sept.ember 18 flight-test stage; the drone missile is ramjet powered
and reportedly travels at more than twice the speed of
A ir Force announces that its first intercontinental
sound.
guided missile squadron will be organized for opera-
tional use by end of year.
• October 11
• September 30 Arthur E. Raymond, v.p. engrg., Douglas Aircraft
Co. receives 1957 Daniel Guggenheim Medal "for nota-
Lockheed X-7 ramjet missile establishes three new
ble acl1ievements in the advancement of aeronautics."
speed r ecords: fastest speed for any r amjet powered
miss ile; fas test speed for any ground controlled missile;
and fastes t speed for any recoverable missile. • October 22
First completely integrated missile sys tem, the TM- Defense Secretary Neil McElroy orders service sec-
76 Matador ' .Veapons System, is presented to Air Force retaries to submit weekly reports to him on their missile
Developm ental Engineering Inspection team by The programs.
Martin Co. The Jupiter, Army's intermediate-range ballistic mis-
sile, flies its prescribed course and lands in pre-selected
OCTOBER target area.

• October 4 • October 24
Russia launcl1es first earth satellite; the 184 pound Navy successfully launches its Vanguard test vehicle
Sputnik attains orbital velocity of 5 mi. per second. at Patrick AFB; it was the third of the, Vanguard tests
and consisted of an actual first stage powered by a 27 ,-
• October 7 000 lb. General Electric engine, but only dummy second
Igor Sikorsky receives Annual Meritorious Award and third stages.
of National Business Aircraft Association in recognition
of his pioneering in: multi-engine aircraft, transocean • October 25
flying-boats and helicopters. Donald W. Douglas, Jr. is elected president of
Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc., succeeding his father, Don-
• October 10 ald Douglas, Sr., who remains chairman of the board
President Eisenhower annou11ces that the U. S. will and chief executive officer.
attempt to launch a four-pound "test" satellite in De- Air Force Thor IRBM is launched successfully at
cember. Patrick AFB, being its third straight successful launcl1-
Lockheed Aircraft Corp. and Air Force release first ing; Defense Dept. reports successful test of Bomarc
details of new Q-5 supersonic target missile now in the interceptor missile.

Ai1· Force Enginening T eam Te ceives bTiefing on Mm·tin's TM-,76 Matador Weapons System.

391
• October 27 • N01·ember 25
Air Force reports sending rocket at least 1000 miles Senate Preparedness Subcommittee launches sweep-
and perhaps 4000 miles above the earth at Eniwetok ing probe of U.S. missile and satellite programs by sum-
Atoll in Operation Far Side. moning a galaxy of scientists lor opening clay's public
testimony.
• October 28 Lockheed Aircraft Corp. recei,·es Air Force contract
to make studies of a reconnaissance satellite which may
Boeing Airplane Co. rolls out first production 707
jet transport which is expected to fly in December. be built and launched in the early 1960s.
Total employment in aircraft industry will drop .-\ir Force announces that artificial meteors were
from peak of 909,100 in April '57 to about 800,000 launched successfully sometime in October at speeds up
monthly aYerage, according to American Aviation to ·10,000 mph, or about 15,000 mph abo,·e the earth's
DAILY survey. escape velocity.
Air Force announces GAJ-d-63 Rascal air-to-surface
guided missile has hit 3000-foot diameter target on last • November 27
four launches. Jupiter and Thor intermediate-range ballistic mis-
siles arc ordered into production by Defense Secretary
McElrov.
Air' Force :McDonnell Voodoo jets shatter three
NOVEMBER
transcontinental speed records by flying from Los An-
• November 1 geles to New York and back in 6 hr. 42 min. 6 sec.
The time from New York to Los Angeles was 3 hr. 3'1
GAM-63 Rascal air-to-surface guided missile officially min. 8 sec.; the \\'Cst-cast record was 3 hr. 5 min. 39.2 sec.
becomes operational with Strategic Air Command at
Pinecastle Air Force Base, Fla.

• November 7 DECEMBER
Capital Airlines files with CAB for subsidy pay- • December 6
ments which would amount to owr S3-million for the Vanguard vehicle fails in attempt to launch first
remainder of 1957. U. S. satellite.
President Eisenhower appoints l\Iass. Inst. of Tech. Lockheed Electra makes first successful flight.
president James R. Killian, Jr. as Special Assistant to
the President for Science and Technolog-y. • Dece.mber 12

• November 12 McDonnell F-IOlA, piloted by Maj. Adrian Drew,

captures world speed record for Air Force by flying
Defense Secretary Neil H. l'vicEJroy orders Army to 1207.6 mph.
prepare to launch an earth satellite; a modified Jupiter-C
test vehicle will be used. · • December 16

• November 13 Senator Stuart Symington is named 1957 winner of

Wright Brother Memorial Trophy.
Boein? KC-135, piloted by Gen. Curtis LeMay,
sets new distance nonstop record, flying 6350 miles from • December 18
vVestover AFB, Mass., to Buenos Aires; the KC-135's
return trip sets new speed record, Buenos Aires-vVash- First successful firing of Air Force-Convair Atlas
ington, D. C., over 5200 miles in II hr. 5 min. intercontinental ballistics missile is revealed by Defense
Department.
• November 14
• Dt•ctmriJer 20
Chance Vo~gh t Regulus II com pletcs success[ ul Production model Boeing· 707 makes first flight.
rocket-boosted flight rest by Navy.
Flight S~fet~ Foundation, Inc. presents awards to • December 24
Edward P. Curtis and George H. Tryon III for dis-
tinguished service in achieving safer utilization of air- North American Aviation, Inc. wins competitiOn
craft. for WS-llOA chemical bomber, a plane capable of speeds
in excess of 2000 miles per hours at altitudes in excess
• Norember 20 of 70,000 feet.
Chance Vought receives $200-million Navy contract
Vertol 105 twin-turbine powered helicopter, using for production of F8U-2, and continued production of
two Lycoming T-53B's, flies for first time. F8U-l.

• No~·ember 22 • DPcemlu>r 31
American Rocket Society names five l !:!57 award Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corp. wins Navy
winners: Thomas F. Dixon, Capt. Levering Smith competition for attack aircraft.
(USN), Capt. Grayson Merrill (USN, ret.), Krafft A. Air Force takes delivery of first production Bomarc,
Ehricke, and William 1-J. Pickering. area defense missile.

392
 OFFICIAL RECORDS

The Federation ..-\eronautique lnternationale, Paris, France, better known

as the FAl, currently composed of the ::\ational Aero Clubs of forty-five nations,
is the governing body of the world for ollicial aircraft records and sporting
aviation contests. The F.-\I "·as organized in Paris in October, 1905, by repre-
sentatives from Belgium, France. Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Switzer-
land, and the United States. Represeming the F.-\I in the United States is the
National Aeronautic Association, organized in 1922.

The rules for all official world and world "class" aircraft records are proposed
initially by the various ~ational .-\ero Clubs 'rho are members of FAI. Later,
they are evaluated bv• the International Sr)ortino-
0
Aviation Commission of FAI
and then submitted, for final approval, to the delegates of the many national
Aero Clubs who attend each annual FAI conference. Developed over a period
of fifty-two years, the rules are markedly complete. All attempts to establish
oflicial aircraft records must meet identical FAI standards.

FAI-l\"AA rules have these goals: (l) an equal opportunity to every com-
petitor, (2) competent. unbiased judging, and (3) scientifically accurate recording.

The l\"ational Aeronautic Association. representing the FAI in the United

States, not only supen-ises the establishment of oHicial \Vorlcl and \Vorld "Class"
Records in our nation, but accords its stamp of approval also on aircraft per-
fonuances which have a special national interest, such as aircraft speeds between
cities.

OFFICIAL RECORDS ESTABLISHED IN U. S. DURING 1957

WORLD RECORDS ':'LOS ANGELES TO NEW YORK _____________________________ 749.950 mph

___________________________ I 0 I ,486 Feet Capt. Ray \V. Schrecengost, Jr., USAF, United
*ALTITUDE, WITHOUT LOAD
States, l\IcDouncll RF-IOIC Voodoo, 2 Pratt &
l\laj. Dal'id G. Simom, US_\ F, l'nitccl States. \Vhitncy .J57-P-I!I turbojet engines, NoYember
AF-\VRI-1 balloon of :1,000,000 cubic feet, takeoff 27, I !l:Ji.
ncar Crosby. :\linnesota, _\ugmt HI, 1~1')7. landing
near Frederick, South Dakota .. \ngnst 20. I !l:,;. '''LOS ANGELES TO NEW YORK_ ----------------------------765.690 mph
Capt. Robert J. 1\.ilpatrick. USAF, United States,
*MAXIMUM SPEED OVER A STRAIGHTAWAY COURSE :\lcDonnell RF-101 C \'oodoo, 2 Pratt & Whitney
(UNRESTRICTED ALTITUDE) 1207.6 mph .J57-l'-13 turbojet engines, No1·ember 27, 1957.
l\faj. Adrian E. Drew. l_TS:\F, t'nited States.
l\lcDonnell F-IOlA Voodoo, 2 l'ratt and \Vhitne\' ''LOS ANGELES TO NEW YORK ______________________________ 781.741 mph
]57 turbojet engines, Ed\\'ards, California. De- Lt. Gustal' B. 1\.latt, US.\F, United States, l\lc-
cember 12, 1957. Donnell RF-1 01 C Voodoo, 2 Pratt & \\'hitncv
.J.li-P-El turbojet engines, November 27, 1957.

WORLD "CLASS" RECORDS NEW YORK TO LOS ANGELES __________________ .469.383 mph
Comdr. Dale V. Cox, US:-.1, and Crew; United
LOS ANGELES TO NEW YORK ________ ---- ... 723.517 mph
States, Douglas _.un Skywarrior, 2 Prall & \\1hit-
Maj. John H. Clenn, USl\IC, United Stale~. ney .J57 turbojet engines, l\larch 21-22, 19.'17
Chance \'ought l'!:llJ Crusader, Pratt & \\'hitney (Gl\IT). Elapsed time: 5 hours, 12 minutes,
.J:li turbojet engine, .July Hi, 19:ii. 39.2'! seconds .

393
*NEW YORK TO LOS ANGELES _____________________ 607.818 mph Capt. Howard T. Dries, USAF and 1st Lt. L. E.
Capt. Ray W. Schrecengost, Jr., USAF, United Carter, USAF, navigators; crew of nine and
States, McDonnell RF-IOIC Voodoo, 2 Pratt & eight passengers, Boeing KC-135 Tanker, 4 Pratt
Whitney ]57-P-13 turbojet engines, November & Whitney J57-P-13W turbojet engines, from
27, 1957. Ezeiza Airport, Buenos Aires, Argentina to
Washington National Airport, ·washington,
*NEW YORK TO LOS ANGELES ____________________ 677.726 mph D. C., November 13, 1957.
Capt. Robert M. Sweet, USAF, United States, DISTANCE IN A STRAIGHT LINE {Light Landplanes,
McDonnell RF-IOIC Voodoo, 2 Pratt & Whitney 4th Category) ----------------------------------------------- .. 1504.74 mlies
]57-P-13 turbojet engines, November 27. 1957.
~Iiss Jerrie Cobb, United States, Aero Com-
LOS ANGELES-NEW YORK-LOS ANGELES _________ 513.496 mph mander 560E, 2 Lycoming 295 hp engines, gross
Comdr. Dale V. Cox, USN, and Crew; United weight 6117 pounds, from Guatemala City to
States, Douglas A3D Skywarrior, 2 Pratt & Whit- Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1\Iay 25, 1957.
ney ]57 turbojet engines, March 21-22, 1957 ALTITUDE, WITHOUT LOAD {Light Landplanes, 4th
(GMT). Elapsed time: 9 hours, 31 minutes, 35.4
seconds. Category) --------------------------------------------- 30,361 feet
Miss Jerrie Cobb, United States, Aero Com-
*LOS ANGELES-NEW YORK-LOS ANGELES ___________ 671.445 mph mander 680-S, 2 Lycoming GS0-480-AIA-6 en-
Capt. Ray W. Schrecengost, Jr., USAF, United gines, gross weight 6613 pounds, Tulakes Air-
States, McDonnell RF-IOIC Voodoo, 2 Pratt & port, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, July 5, 1957.
·whitney ]57-P-13 turbojet engines, November
27, 1957.
GLIDERS
*LOS ANGELES-NEW YORK-LOS ANGELES ____ 721.853 mph
Capt. Robert M. Sweet, USAF, United States, SPEED FOR 200 KILOMETERS OVER A TRIANGULAR
McDonnell RF-IOIC Voodoo, 2 Pratt & Whitney COURSE ------------------------------------------------------55.02 mph
]57-P-13 turbojet engines, November 27, 1957. Paul E. Bikle, United States, Schweizer SGS 123 E
Sailplane, E1 l\lirage-Lud1ow-Daggett Airport-El
*DISTANCE IN A STRAIGHT LINE WITHOUT REFUEL-
Mirage, California, August 18, 1957.
ING {Turbojet Aircraftl-------------------------------6325 miles
Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, USAF, Capt. Charles L.
Gandy, Jr., USAF, Capt. Ernest E. Bradley, Jr., NATIONAL <U. S.l RECORDS
USAF, Capt. Frank L. Wright, USAF, pilots;
Capt. Howard T. Dries, USAF and 1st Lt. L. E. WRIGHTSTOWN, NEW JERSEY TO PARIS,
Carter, USAF, navigators; crew of eleven and FRANCE ----------------------------------------555.350 mpm
three passengers, Boeing KC-135 Tanker, 4 Pratt Maj. Robinson Risner, USAF, United States,
& Whitney J57-P43W turbojet engines, from North American F-100F, Pratt & Whitney ]57
Westover AFB, Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts to turbojet engine, May 21, 1957. Elapsed time: 6
Ezeiza Airport, Buenos Aires, Argentina, via hours, 37 minutes, 45.8 seconds.
Fortaleza, Brazil, November 11-12, 1957.
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA TO HOUSTON,
*BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA TO WASHINGTON, D.C. TEXAS ____ -----------------------------------------------------------------3 32.3 73 mph
COURSE RECORD -------------------------------------------------..469 mph
Lee McBride and Jack McKee, pilots; Delta Air
Gen. Curtis E. Ld1ay, USAF, Capt. Charles L. Lines Douglas DC-7B, 4 Wright DA4 turbo com-
Gandy, Jr., USAF, Capt. Ernest E. Bradley, Jr., pound engines, August 14, 1957. Elapsed time:
USAF, Capt. Frank L. Wright, USAF, pilots; 4 hours, 10 minutes, 56.4 seconds.

•Records not yet officially documented nor homologated by Federation Aeronautique Internationale.

394
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
This list of a·uiatio11 books published in the United States in
1957 was compiled by Arthur G. Renstrom, Library of Congress.

AIRPORTS AND AIRWAYS U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADl\lll\ISTRATION

Eleventh Annual Report of Operations Under the
AIRPORT DEVELOPlUENT Al\D OPERATIO:\ CON· Federal Airport Act, 1956. Washington, Depart-
FERE~CE ment of Commerce. 30p. $.40
l\limnes of the Ninth Annual :\Ieeting, Syracuse,
:'\cw York, October 16, 1956. Albany, State of New U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AD:.\liNISTRATION
York, Department of Commerce. 102p. Federal Airway Plan, Fiscal Years 1957-1962. Wash-
ington, Department of Commerce. 70p. $1.00
AVIATION 'W"EEK AIRPORT AND BUSI:\ESS FLYI!\'G
DIRECTORY
U.S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION
25th Annual ed. Xew York, McGraw-Hill Book National Airport Plan for 1957. 'Vashington, De-
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GENERAL AVIATION FACILITIES PLAN:\1:\G GROUP

General Aviation Facilities Requirements Survey; a U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION
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the Budget. 85p. United States Army, United States Navy, United
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TION FACILITIES; A PLAN BY THE SYSTEl\IS ENGI·
NEERING TEAl\1 OF THE OFFICE OF AVIATION FA-
CILITIES PLANNING, THE WHITE HOUSE, l\IAY 1957 U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION
'Vashington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 64p. $.40 United States Standard Flight Inspection 1\Ianual.
December 1956. \Vashington, U. S. Govt. Print.
NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AVIATION FACILI- Off., I956. 247p. $2.50
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PORT OF NEW YORK AUTHORITY. AVIATION DE-
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Guide to Air Shipping Via Port of New York Au- U. S. CONGRESS. BOUSE. COl\11\IITTEE ON INTER-
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Accelerated Modernization of the U. S. Air Traffic 12, 1957. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. I28p.
Control and Navigation System. 'Vashington, U. S.
Govt. Print. Off. 107p. $1.75 U, S. CONGRESS. BOUSE. COl\11\HTTEE ON INTER-
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U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADl\'IINISTRATION Airways Modernization Board. Hearings . . . 85th
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Gm·t. Print. Off. 68p. $.50
U. S. CONGRESS. SENATE. COl\llUITTEE ON AP-
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Off. SOp. $.50 Hearings before a Special Subcommittee, 85th Con-
gress, 1st Session. \Vashington, U. S. Govt. Print.
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'Vashington, Department of Commerce. 76p. $1.50 39p. $.50

395
 AIRSHIPS A SY!HPOSIUl\1 ON ECOLOGY OF AIR THAi\SI'ORT,
HELD AT LOS ANGELES, CALIFORi\IA, DECEi\IBER
KIRSCHNER, EDWIN J. 7, 1956.
The Zeppelin in the Atomic Age; the Past, Present Proceedings. Los Angeles, Institute of Transporta-
and Future of the Rigid Lighter-Than-Air Aircraft. tion and Traflic Engineering, Unh-crsity of Cali-
Urbana, Iii., University of Illinois Press. 80 p. 83.50 fornia. !.lOp.

TOLAND, JOH~ THURSTON, ALBERT P.

Ships in the Sky; the Story of the Great Dirigibles. "Looking Ahead!" London: 1919. New York, 1\ew-
New York, Henry Holt. 352p. $4-.95 comen Society in l'\orth America, 1956. 28p.

COMMERCIAL AVIATION U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADl\IINISTRATIOi\

AERONAUTICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Air Commerce Trafiic Pattern, Calendar Year 1!156.
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cial Air Freight on Military Resen·e Airlift. Pre- $.50
pared for the Director of Development Planning,
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quarters, U. S. Air Force. Cambridge, l\-Iass., The Air Commerce Tralfic Pattern, Fiscal Year 1957.
Foundation, 1956. 2 v. (v. 2, Technical Appendices) November 1957. \Vashington, Department of Com-
merce. 36p. 8.50
ALTSCHUL, SELIG
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines; a Study and Appraisal. U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADl.\IINISTRATIOi\
New York, Aviation Advisory Service. 82p. 1960-1965-1970. Civil Aviation and Federal Airways
Forecasts. December 1956. \Vashington, Depart-
BREWER, STANLEY H. ment of Commerce. 69p. S. 75
Vision in Air Cargo. Seattle, Bureau of Business
Research, College of Business Administration, Uni- U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
versity of Washington. 4Ip. (Its Occasional Paper Annual Report for the Fiscal Year 1956. \•Vashing-
No.5) ton, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 42p. $.55

KIMBALL, FREDERIC U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD

Helicopter Service Requirements of Pennsylvania. Competition Among Domestic Air Carriers, March
Prepared March 1957 for the Pennsylvania Aero- 1-14, 1956. \\Tashington, Research Department, Air
nautics Commission. Harrisburg State Airport, New Transport Association of America. 5 v. $55.00
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U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
KNIGHT, CLAYTON Competition Among Domestic Air Carriers, Septem-
Air Disasters! New York, Greenberg: Publisher. ber 17-30, 1956. vVashington, Research Department,
$3.95 Air Transportation Association of America. 5 v.
$55.00
PORT OF NEW YORK AUTHORITY. AVIATION DE-
PARTl\IENT U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
Forecast of the United States Domestic Air Passen- Economic Decisions of the Civil Aeronautics Board,
ger Market, 1965-1975. New York, The Authority. January-June 1952. Vol. 15. Washington, U. S.
102p. Govt. Print. Off. 1224p. $4.00

PORT OF NEW YORK AUTHORITY. AVIATION DE- U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD

PARTMENT Origination-Destination Airline Revenue Passenger
New York's Dome,tic Air Travelers, Summer 1956. Survey, March 1-14, 1956. vVashington, Airline
Report of a Survey Conducted in Collaboration with Finance and Accounting Conference, Air Transport
the Domestic Scheduled Airlines. New York, The Association of America. 4 v. $25.00
Authority. 83p.

U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD

ROLE OF AIRFREIGHT IN PHYSICAL DISTRIBU- Origination-Destination Airline Revenue Passenger
TION Survey, September 17-30, 1956. Washington, Airline
Cambridge, Mass., Division of Research, Graduate
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versity, 1956. 180p. $2.:i0

U. S. CONGRESS. HOUSE. COMMITTEE ON GOV-

STUART, JOHN ERNMENT OPERATIONS
Air Travel Comes of Age. New York, Public Affairs Federal Role in Aviation. Hearings . . . June 25-
Committee, I ~J56. 28p. (Public Affairs Pamphlet .July 20, 1956. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off.
No. 114A) $.25 l118p.

396
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STATE AND FO.REIGN CO.l\11\IE.RCE Aeroplanes and Aero Engines. From the Original
Air Safety. Hearings . . . 85th Congress, 1st Ses- Cut Away Drawings; Reprinted from Aeroplane.
sion, on Safety and Air Policy, February 6 and 8, 4th eel. New York, Philosophical Library, 1956. 12
1957. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 169p. fold. charts. S(i.OO

U. S. CONG.RESS. HOUSE. CO.l\Il\UTIEE ON INTE.R- DANIEL & FLORENCE GUGGENHEIM AVIATION

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. . . 85th Congress, 1st Session, on H. R. 4520 and Safety. Sixth Annual Supplement. New York, Los
H. R. 5926, May 3, 1957. Washington, U. S. Govt. Angeles, The Daniel & Florence Guggenheim Avia-
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Monopoly Problems in Regulated Industries. Hear- THOMAS F. CONNOLLY.
ings before Subcommittee No. 5. Part I. Airlines. Airplane Aerodynamics. 2nd eel. New York, Pitman
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U. S. CONG.RESS. SENATE. COMMITTEE ON GOV- DONOVAN, A. F. and H. R. LAWRENCE, eds.

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Northeast Airlines Stock. Hearings . . . 85th Con- Press. 859p. (High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet
gress, lst Session, May l-21, 1957. Washington, U. Propulsion. Vol. 7) S1 7.50
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FREUDENTHAL, ALFRED l\1., ed.

U.S. CONG.RESS. SENATE. COMMITTEE ON INTER- Fatigue in Aircraft Structures. Proceedings of the
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Hearings ... 85th Congress, lst Session, on S. 17 53 8-9, 1957. Phoenix, Ariz., AiResearch Manufacturing
and H. R. 5822, August 16, 1957. Washington, U.S. Division, Garrett Corporation. 76p.
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STATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE Missiles, Turbines and Nuclear Reactors. New
Study of Operation of Civil Aeronautics Ar]ministra- York, McGraw-Hill Book Company. 247p. (Mc-
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ary 4-May 28, 1956. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. $7.50
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INSTITUTE OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES
1957 First Award Papers; lAS Student Branch
DESIGN Paper Competition. New York, The Institute. l25p.
AVIATION AGE .RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK KELLER, GEORGE R.
Vol. l, 1957-58. New York, Conover-Mast Publica- Aircraft Hydraulic Design. Edited by Allan E. Mor-
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BERINATI, VINCENT J. l\IALLAN, LLOYD

Space as a Factor in Aircraft Design; Dissertation.
A Day in the Life of a Supersonic Project Officer.
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NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AERONAUTICAL ELEC-

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High-Speed Aerodynamics (Compressible Flow). Proceedings. Dayton, Ohio, P. 0. Box 621, Far
Translated from the Roumanian. New York, Per- Hills Branch, National Conference on Aeronautical
gamon Press. 710p. $15 .. 00 Electronics. 409p. $4-.00

398
 UNDER ONE ROOF:-- FR4ME,· BRAIN
AND MUSCLE FOR A MISSILE
Whatever the missile problem-frame, brain, muscle GUIDANCE-Development and production of ad-
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onstrated ability to design, develop and produce as for guidance of supersonic missiles, advanced type
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AIRFRAME- Complete development_: aerodynamic The automatic stabilization and control system for
and s y stems design, testing, field servicing and the Firebee is also designed and produced by Ryan.
quantity manufacturing-of the Ryan Firebee jet
PROPULSION-Manufacture of powerful liquid
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by the Air Force, Navy, Army and RCAF. Research Ramjet combustion chambers for Air Force ground-
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From basic design to full production Ryan can be relied upon to do the job well

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399
OWER, ERNEST L. and J. L. NA YLER 1\IARSHALL, l\lARGUERITE 1\1.
High-Speed Flight- New York, Philosophical Li- Nurse with \Vings. New York, Bantam Books. 150p.
brary. 227p. 810.00 (Bantam Book 1575) 8.25

SAE AERONAUTICAL DRAFTING MANUAL SCOTT, ROBERT L.

7th eeL New York, Society of Automotive Engi- Look of the Eagle. New York, Ace Books. 253p.
neers. I v. 85.00 (Ace Double Novel Book) S.35

U. S. NATIONAL ADVISORY COl\11\IITTEE FOR STILES, BERT

AERONAUTICS Serenade to the Big Bini. New York, Ballantine
Forty-First 1:\Jlnual Report- 1955 Administrative Books. 150p. (Ballantine book 216) S.35
Report, Inc~uding Technical Reports Nos. 1210 to
1253. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 1377p. STUBBS, HARRY C.
89.00 From Outer Space, by Hal Clement [pseud.J New
FICTION York, Avon Publications. 158p. 8.35

ANDERSON, POUL TAYLOR, WARD

Planet of No Return; Star Guard; by Norton Andr~ Roll Back the Sky; a Novel. . New York, Popular
[pseud.J New York, AceBooks. 319p. (Ace Double Library. 381 p. 8.50
Book, D 199) $.35
VERNE, JULES
BEATY, DAVID :f: ·- • · Ofi on a Comet. New York, Ace Books. 8.35
Proving Flight. New York, William .r.r~ib~& }~~-
314p. • 81!75 WALDEN, AMELIA E.
Flight. into :Morning. New York, Appleton, Cen-
BROWN. FREDERIC ttiry, Crofts. 310p. 83.95
_Rog~e in Space. New York, E. P. Dutton &: Co. ·"L,
314p. $2.75·:' FLYING· .. S,AUCERS
./',
' CONSTANCE, ARTHUR
CASTLE, JEFFERY
· Vanguard to Venus. ··• The Inexplicable Sky. New York, Citadel P1ess.
New York, Dodd, Mead &
Company. 212p. 288p. 83.95
$3.00
DAVIDSON, LEON
CATTO, !\fAX _ :1 Flying Saucers; an Analysis of the Air Force Proj-
Gold in the Sky. :'\ew York, \Villiam Morrow & ect Blue Book Special Report No. H. 'Vith an Ap-
Co. 294p. 83.75 pendix Consisting of a Photo-Offset Copy of the
Full Text of the Air Force Project Blue Book Spe-
GARVER, RONALD G. cial Report No. 14, Dated May 5, 1955 and Some
The Saucer People. Boston, :\Jcador. J'3~i~~ ,;$3.00 of the Important Tables and Figures from that Re-
port. 'J\Ihite Plains, N. Y., The Author, G·l Pros-
GREENBERG, lUARTIN, ed. pect St. 83p. $1.00
l\Ien Against the Stars. Introduction by "'illy Ley.
New York, Pyramid Books. 191 p. $.35 GIBBONS, GAVIN
They Rode 111 Space Ships. New York, Citadel
GROVE, WALT Press. 188p. $3.50
The \Vings of Eagles. Greenwich, Conn., Fawcett
Publications. 205p. (Gold l\Iedal Giant S649) JESSUP, MORRIS K.
$.35 The Expanding Case for the UFO. ~ew York, Cita-
del Press. 253p. $3.50
JENKINS, WILLIAM: F.
Operation Outer Space, by ;\lurray Leinster .'\IICHIE, ARCHIBALD R.
[pseud.J New York, New American Library. 160p. Flying Saucers. New York, Vanguard Press. 70p.
(Signet Book Sl346) $.35 82.00

LANDON, JOSEPH :\IlLLER, 1\'IAX B.

Bomber Crew. New York, Avon Publications. 19lp. Flying Saucers, Fact of Fiction? Los Angeles, Trend
$.35 Books. 128p. (Trend Book 145) $.75

LICHTMAN, WILLIA:\1 NORKIN, ISRAEL

Between the Star and the Cross. New York, Citadel Saucer Diary. New York, Pageant Press. 137p.
Preo;s. 285p. $3.50 $3.00

LONG, FRANK B. and ALFRED E. VAN VOGT POSIN, DANIEL

Space Station One; Empire of the Atom. New Flying Saucers, Space Travel and Atomic Energy.
York, Ace Books. 318p. (Ace Double Book, D2·12) Chicago, The Author, 5'127 Greenwood A\'e. 45p.
$.35 82.00

400
Vertol44 The petroleum industry has a new tool, the Vertol44 helicopter.
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(

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MORTON,PENNSYLVANI~
RUPPELT, EDWARD J. HUMPHRIES, JOHN
The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. New Rockets and Guided Mis~iles. With a Foreword
York, Ace Books, 1956. 318p. $.35 by A. D. Baxter. 2d (Corrected) Impression. New
York, The .Macmillan Company. 231 p. $6.00
STRINGFELLOW, LEONARD H.
Inside Saucer Post ... 0 Blue ... 3-0 Blue; Crifo U. S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. LEGISLATIVE REF-
Views the Status Quo, a Saucer Report. Cincinnati, ERENCE SERVICE
0, The Author. 94p. Guided Missiles in Foreign Countries. Prepared
for the Committee on Armed Services, United
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I956jl957 ed. New York, Street & Smith Publica- HISTORY
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BABINGTON-SMITH, CONSTANCE
Air Spy; the Story of Photo-Intelligence in \Vorld
MARSH, FRANKLIN W. War II. New York, Harper & Brothers. 266p. $4.00
Flying High. Washington, Public Affairs Press. $2.50
CAIDIN, MARTIN
NATIONAL AVIATION EDUCATION COUNCIL Air Force; a Pictorial History of American Air-
Social Studies Teaching Aids for a Stronger, Amer- power in Cooperation with the U. S. Air Force.
ica. Washington, The Council. ~00 New York, Rinehart & Co., Inc. 232p. $10.00

NEAL, HARRY E. DAY, BETH F.

Pathfinders, U. S. A.; Your Career on Land, Sea Glacier Pilot; the Story of Bob Reeve and the Fly-
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$3.50 York, Henry Holt. 348p. $4.50

ROBERTS, JOSEPH B. and PAULL. BRIAND, eds. DENMARK. ROYAL DANISH MINISTRY FOR FOR-
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TEXAS AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COL.
LEGE. ENGINEERING ;.EXPERIMENT STATION
Handbook on Aeri~l Application in Agriculture. FLIGHT, A PICTORIAL HISTORY OF AVIATION, by
the Editors of Year
Colleg~::. Station, Texas, Short Course Office, Texas
2d ed. Los Angeles, Year, Inc. 250p. $10.00
A & M College, 1956. l16p. $2.50
GALLAND, ADOLF
U.S. AIR COORDINATING COMMITTEE The First and the Last; the Rise and Fall of the
1956 Annual Report to the President. Washing- German Fighter Force, 1938-1945. Translated by
ton, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. SOp. Mervyn Saville. New York, Ballantine Books. 284p.
$.50
U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION
U. S. Active Civil Aircraft by State and County. GIBBS-SMITH, CHARLES H.
January l, 1957. Washington, Department of Com- The History of Flying. New York, Cambridge Uni-
merce. SOp. $1.00 versity Press. 32p. $. 75

U. S. AVIATION TODAY GOLDBERG, ALFRED, ed,

4th eel. Washington, National Aviation Education A History of the United States Air Force, 1907-
Council. 94p. $.35 1957. Princeton, N. J., D. Van Nosu·and Company,
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GUIDED MISSILES GREEN, WILLIAM

BERGAUST, ERIK Famous Fighters of the Second World War. Illus-
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Sons. 4Sp. $2.00 House. I 27p. $3.95

JOHNSON, JAMES E.
BOWMAN, NORMAN J,
Wing Leader. Foreword by Douglas Bader. New
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ADDRESS ---- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --

SAGINAW STEERING GEAR DIV., GENERAL MOTOR S CORP., SAGINAW, MICH. CITY- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - ZONE: _____ STA TE:_____________

4.0 3
OKUl\IIYA, MASATAKE and JIRO HORIKOSIII ASII\IOV, ISAAC
Zero! vVith Martin Caidin. New York, Ballantine Lucky Starr and the Moons of Jupiter, by Paul
Books. 30lp. (Ballantine War Books, F20l) 8.50 French [pseucl.] Illustrated by Albert Orbaan.
Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday &.: Company. 192p.
PAYNE, L. G. S. 82.75
Air Dates. New York, Drederick A. Praegcr. 565p.
87.50 BEELAND, LEE and ROBERT \YELLS
Space Satellite; the Story of the Man-Made .l\Joon.
RAWNSLEY, C. F. and ROBERT WRIGHT Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. 89p. 82.95
Night Fighter. Foreword by John Cunningham.
New York, Henry Holt. 382p. 84·.50 BUADLEY, DUANE
Cappy anc! the Jet Engine. Illustrated by Alice
REYNOLDS, QUENTIN Cosgrove. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott. Hlp.
They Fought for the Sky; the Dramatic Story of 82.95
the First vVar in the Air. New York, Rinehart and
Company. 304p. $3.95 BHANLEY, FRANKLIN I\1.
Exploring by Satellite; the Story of Project Van-
SAKAI, SABURO guard. Illustrated by Helmut K. \Vimmer. New
Samurai; with Martin Caiclin and Fred Saito. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell. ·10p. 83.00
York, E. P. Dutton. 382p. 84·.95
BROOKS, WALTER R.
SCAMEHORN, HOWARD L. Freddy and the Flying Saucer Plans. Illustrated by
Balloons to Jets. Chicago, He my Regncry Com- Kurt \-Viese. New York, Alfred A. Knopf. 243p.
pany. 271 p. 85.00 S3.00

,.'-·
SLESSOR, SIR JOHN C. COOMBS, CHAULES I.
The Central Blue; Autobiography. New York, Prae- Rockets, :Missiles and Moom. N e"iv York, \-Villiam
ger. 709p. $7.50 Morrow &: Co. 256p. $3.75

STARK, CHARLES R., Jr. CORSON, HAZEL W.

The Bering Sea Eagle. Caldwell, Idaho, Caxton Peter and the Moon Trip. Pictures by Berthold
Printers. l70p. $5.00 Tiedemann. Chicago, Benefic Press. 96p. (Her
Space Travel Books) $1.68
STEWART, JAMES T., cd.
Airpower; the Decisive Force in Korea. Princeton, DEL REY, LESTER
N.J., D. Van Nostrand. 318p. 86.50 Rockets Through Space; the Story of Man's Prepa-
ration to Ex}JlQre the Universe. Illustrated by
WISCONSIN. STATE AERONAUTICS COMMISSION James Heugh. Philadelphia, John C. vVinston Com-
A Decade of Progress in Aviation in \Visconsin. pany. l27p. (Science Fact Book) $3.95
1946-1956; a Progress Report Published and Sub-
mitted to \Valter ]. Kohler, Governor. ..\I adison, EAMES, GENEVIEVE T.
Wis., The Commission, 1956. 'l7p. Flying Roundup. Illustrated by Lorence F. Bjork-
lund. New York, Julian Messner, Inc. 190p. $2.95
WOLFF, LEON
Low Level .l\Iission. Introduction by John R. Kane. ENGEMAN, JACK
Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday & Company. 2'10p. U. S. Air Force Academy; the Life of a Cadet. New
$4.~0 York, Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co., Inc. 128p. $3.50

JUVENILE FLOHERTY, JOHN J.

Aviation from the Ground Up. Rev. eel. Philadel-
ADLER, IRVING phia, J. B. Lippincott. 160p. (His Career Books
Man-..\Iade Moons; the Earth Satellites and vVhat
for Teen-Agers) $3.00
They Will Tell Us. Illustrated by Ruth Adler.
New York, John Day Company. 128p. $2.95
GOUVY, GERTRUDE
Moonflight; a Science-Fiction Fantasy for Young
AHNSTROM, D. N. Readers Who \Viii Be Young in Heart Forever.
The Complete Book of Jets and Rockets. Cleve- New York, Greenwich Book Publishers, 1956. SSp.
land, World Publishing Company. 159p. $4.95 $2.00

ARKELL, BASIL and JOHN W. It. TAYLOR GREENE, CARLA

Helicopters Work Like This. With Illustrations IJy I Want to be a Pilot. Illusi.ratcd by Richard Gates.
Frederick G. Cook. New York, Roy Publishers. 62p. Chicago, Children's Press. 32p. (I Want. to be
$2.50 Series) $2.00

404
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of experience
in making precision-
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Systems • Optical Systems and Components • Test Instruments for Aeronautical and
Industrial Laboratories • Motors and Synchros • Instruments for Simulated Flight
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Automatic Astrocompass • Doppler Computation Systems

Send for Illustrated Product List covering all Kollsman Products.

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405
GREENE, CARLA 1\IONTGOl\IERY, RUTHERFORD G.
A Trip in a Plane. New York, Lantern Press. 58p. Tom Pittman, USAF, by AI Aver) ami Everilt
$2.00 Proctor [pseuds.J New York, Duell, Sloan and
Pearce. I59p. $3.00
HAMBLETON, JACK
Wings Over Labrador. New York, Longmans, Green NEURATI-1, MARIE
and Company. 167p. $3.00 New \Vonders in Flying. New York, Lothrop, Lee
& Shepard Company, Inc. 36p. 82.00
HALACY, D. S., Jr.
High Challenge. New York, The :Macmillan Com- NOURSE, ALAN E.
~~~~- ~~ Rocket to Limbo. New York, David 1\.JcKay Com·
pany. I90p. $3.00
HOARE, ROBERT J.
Wings Over the Atlantic. Newton Centre, Mass., RIGBY, WALLACE
Charles T. Bransford. 160p. $3.00 The Model Book of Flying Clippers. New York,
Grosset & Dunlap. lOp. 81.50
HONOUR, ALAN
Ten l\Iiles High, Two Miles Deep; the Adventures RYDBERG, ERNIE
of the Piccards. New York, Whittlesey House. 192p. Conquer the \.Yinds. New York, Longmans, Green
$3.00 and Company. l53p. $2.75

HYDE, MARGARET 0. STINE, HARRY G.

Exploring the Earth and Space; the Story of the Rocket Power and Space Flight. New York, Henry
I. G. Y. New York, Whittlesey House. 160p. $2.75 Holt. 182p. $3.75

LAl\IORISSE, ALBERT STORCH, FLORENCE

The Red Balloon. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleda~
Santa's Rocket Sled. Illustrated by Elizabeth
& Company. 48p. $2.95 \.Yebbe. New York, Rand McNally. (A Rand
McNally Elf Book, 568) 30p. $.25
LAMPMAN, EVELYN S.
Rusty's Space Ship. lllustrated by Bernard Krig
stein. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday & Company. TAYLOR, JOHN
Great Moments in Flying. New York, Roy Pub-
240p. $2.95
lishers. 128p. (Great Moments Series) $2.50
LEISK, DAVID J.
Harold's Trip to the Sky, by Crockett Johnson UNGERER, TOMI
[pseud. J New York, Harper & Brothers. 64p. $1.50 The Mellops Go Flying. New York, Harper &
Brothers. 32p. $2.00; Library eel. $2.75
LENT, HENRY B.
Flight Overseas. New York, The l'vfacmillan Com- WILLIAMS, JAY and RAYMOND ABRASI-IKIN
pany. 175p. $3.00 Danny Dunn and the Anti-Gravity Paint. Illus-
trated by Ezra Jack Keats. New York, Whittlesey
LEWELLEN, JOHN B. House, 1956. 156p. $2.75
Earth Satellite; Man's First True Space Adventure.
Foreword by John P. Hagen; Illustrated by Ida LAW
Scheib. New York, Alfred A. Knopf. 59p. $2.25
HAMILTON, SAM R.
Civil Air Regulations in Plain English for All Pilots.
LEY, WILLY Minneapolis, T. S. Denison & Co., 1956. 95p.
Man-Made Satellites. Illustrated by J olm Polgren. $3.00
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Guild Press. 43p. (Adventures
in Space, I) $1.00
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
IHEiffiENS, HAROLD E. ASHKOUTI, JOSEPH
Aircraft in Flight. William E. Rowland, Art Di- Aircraft Mechanic's Pocket Manual. 5th ed. New
rector. Washington, Civil Air Patrol, 1956. 58p. York, Pitman Publishing Company. I v. $3.75

MEHRENS, HAROLD E. CONWAY, H. G.

Power for Aircraft. William E. Rowland, Art Di- Aircraft Hydraulics. New York, The Macmillan
rector. Washington, Civil Air P~rtrol, 1956. 58p. Company. 2 v. $16.00

MONTGOMERY, RUTHERFORD G. U. S. BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS (NAVY DEPT.)

.Jets Away! By AI Avery and Everitt Proctor Aviation Electrician's Mate's Manual, AE. Wash-
[pseuds.] New York, Dodd, Mead & Company. 179p. ington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1956. 494p. (NAV-
$3.00 AER 00-SOT-59) $3.00

406
Package design provides optimum operation, minimum As one of the largest manufacturers devoted exclusively
weight and maximum reliability by eliminating a major to aircraft hydraulic accessorie_s, STRATO POWER is
hydraulic problem . , . interconnection of dissimilar already volume producing many components at the rate
units. Design matching and manifolding of all com- of thousands per month. By combining these installation-
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Your package comes as a unit, tests as a unit and works
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Package design by STRATOPOWER offers one source Yorl< Air Brake Company at the STRATOPOWER Sales
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WATERTOWN DIVISION
THE NEW YORK AIR BRAKE COMPANY
3323 Grove Street, Dallas 35, Texas
P,,Q. Box 3 I 8, Bellevue, Washington

407
 U. S. BUREAU 0}' NAVAL PERSONNEL KNIGHT, CLAYTON
Airman. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 474p. Lifeline in the Sky; tlH.: Story of the U. S. ..\Iilirary
(Its Navy Training Courses. NAVPERS 10307) Air Transport Service. New York, \Villiam ..\lor-
$1.75 row & Company. 2!i'l p. Sli.OO

U. S. BUREAU OF NAVAL PERSONNEL 1\IORENUS, RICHARD

AYiation Electronics Technician l & C. ·washing- Dew Line; Distant Early \Varning, the ..\lirade ol.
ton, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 833p. (Its Navy Train- New York, Rand l\IcNally K: Company. 18-lp. S 3.95
ing Courses. NAVPERS 10318) $3.00
NATIONAL RESEAUCH COUNCIL. DIVISIO:\ OF Al'i-
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE THROI'OLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY
Advanced Electronic Circuits, ANjGSG-T2 Trainer; Symposium on Air Force Engineering Personnel
Instructor's Guide. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. and Training Research, No\'ember 14-16, 1!155,
Off. 385p. (Air Force ·Manual AFM 52-22) \'Vashington, D. C. \'Vashington, The Council, 1!156.
316p. (National Academy of Science-National Re-
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE search Council Publication 'l5!i) S'l.OO
Advanced Electronic Circuits, AN jGSG-T2 Trainer;
Student's Guide. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. U. S. BUREAU OF AERONAUTICS (NAVY DEPT.)
Off. I97p. (Air Force j\fanual ADI 52-21) Steam Catapult, Its History and Operation. \Vash-
ington, U. S. Govt. Print. OIL 6-Jp. (N.-\V.\ER
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE 00-80T-6Y)
Fundamentals of Electronics. 'Washington, U. S.
Govt. Print. Off. 564p. (Air Force Manual AFl\1 U. S. CONGUESS. HOUSE. COJHJHITTEE ON APPRO-
101-8) $4.00 PUIATIONS
Department of the Air Force Appropriations for
1!)58. Hearings . . . 85th Congress, Ist Session.
ZWENG, CHARLES A.
Aircraft and Engine Mechanic's Manual; a Guide ·washington, U. S. Go\'L Print. Ofl. 926p.
to CAA Ratings. Including Aircraft Inspection Au-
thorization. 18th rev. ed. North Hollywood, Calif., U. S. CONGRESS. SENATE. COJ\11\IITTEE ON
Pan American Navigation Service. 39 I p. $5.00 ARMED SERVICES
Airpower. Report of the Subcommittee on Air
Force, 84th Congre,.s, Together with Minority Vie"·s,
MEDICINE January 2!i, 1957. \Vashington, U. S. Govt. Print.
Off. l28p. 8.35
MAYCOCK, ROBERT
Doctors in the ,\ir. New York, Thomas Y. Nelson.
J45p. $3.75 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
Air Force Register, January l, 1957. \Vashington,
U. S. Govt. Print. Ofi. 6!J7p. $3.75
MILITARY AERONAUTICS
U. S. NATIONAL GUAUD BUREAU
AIR FORCE DRILL AND RELATED TRAINING Air National Guard Register, January I, 1957.
2cl eel. Harrisburg, Pa., Military Service Publishin6
\'\'ashington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. 306p.
Company. 352p. $2.50

WIER, ESTER and DOUOTHY COFFIN IIICKEY

THE AIR OFFICER'S GUIDE; A READY-REFERENCE The Answer Book on Air Force Social Custom-;.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MILITARY INFORMATION PER- Illustrated by Grace W. Harrison. Harrisburg, Pa.,
TINENT TO COMMISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE Military Service Publishing Company. I 32p. $:{.00
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
lOth eel. Harrisburg, Pa., Military Service Publish-
ing Company. 482p. $5.00 MODEL BUILDING
DEAN, WILLIAM A.
THE AIRMAN'S HANDBOOK; A READY REFERENCE Eagle Book of Balsa Models. New York, Sport
OF HELPFUL INFORMATION AND COUNSEL FOU Shelf. 64p. $2.50
ALL AIRMEN OF THE UNITED STATES AIR FOUCE
8th eel. ] uly 1957. Harrisburg, Pa., l\1 iii tary Service
Publishing Company. 495p. $3.00 GILMORE, H. H.
Model Planes for Beginners. Rev. eel. New York,
Harper & Brothers. 96p. $2.25
HOW TO GET AHEAD IN THE AIR FOUCE; USEFUL
ADVICE AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOU THE
AMBITIOUS AIRMAN WHO DESIRES TO TAKE AD- PHOTOGRAPHY
VANTAGE OF THE MANY OPPORTUNITIES FOU AD-
VANCEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FOUCE MAP AND AERIAL PHOTO READING
Harrisburg, Pa., Military Service Publishing Com- 5th eel. Harrisburg, Pa., Military Service Publishing
pany. 203p. $2.00 Company. I 77p. $2.75

408
 MAJOR AIRCRAFT
COMPONENT
PROGRAMS
Final assembly of military aircraft fuselage sections
manufactured at Rohr. AT ROHR
Several years ago Rohr launched extensive research pro-
grams that have led to development and quantity manu-
facture of brazed stainless steel honeycomb sandwich
structure. Through the development of proper heat
treating and brazing techniques, light weight panels of
great strength and high heat resistance have been suc-
cessfully produced. Other very important structure pro-
grams include high strength steel weldments and metal
bonded panels.
Red hot flop .track, one of the mot"or weld men t s manu f acture d b y
Rohr, IS shown coming out of o salt both heat treat.
Currently Rohr builds over 30,000 different aircraft
parts, many of which go into the building of large
fuselage sections, flap tracks, horizontal stabilizers and
elevatOrs and other major components in addition tO
power packages. Among the leading military and com-
mercial planes for which Rohr builds power packages
are : B-52 Bomber, C-130 Transport, KC-135 Jet Tanker,
Convair 440, Douglas D~-7, and Lockheed Super G
Constellation.

Also under way at Rohr are large programs for the pro-
duction of power packages for great, new Jet Airliners
···The Boeing 707, The Convair 880, and The Lockheed
loy-up room of the Hi-Temp Sandwich Structure deportment where
stainless steel honeycomb core is assembled. Electra Prop jet. Rohr has become famous as the W odd's
Largest Producer of Ready-To-Install Power Packages
for Airplanes.

The KC-135, Jet Tanker, used by the Air Force to refuel bomber Main Plant and Headquarters: Chula y· . .
aircraft has Rohr-built power packages and other components. Plant : Riverside, Californi~sta, Cal•forn•o.
Assembly Plants: Auburn, Washington; Winder, Georgia.

409
PHOTOGRAl\lMETRY AND AERIAL SURVEYS; A ZWENG, CHARLES A. and ALLAN C. ZWE:\G
SYMPOSIUM Radio and Instrument Flying; a Guide to the In-
Presented at the 30th Annual l'vieeting, January 7- strument Rating, Including Typical Cross-Country
ll, 1957. Washington, Highway Research Board. 'Vritten Examination. 16th rev. eel. North Holly-
62p. (Highway Research Board Bulletin 157) $1.00 wood, Calif., Pan American Navigation Service.
33Ip. 85.00
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
Basic Photography. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print.
POWER PLANTS
Off. 19lp. (Air Force Manual AFM 95-l) $2.00
CASAl\IASSA, JACK V. and RALPH D. BENT
PILOTING Jet Aircraft Power Systems. 2d ed. New York, Mc-
Graw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 329p. 86.50
GREINKE, HELEN L.
Private Pilot Cross-Country Questions. Blooming- INTERNATIONAL JET ENGINE OVERHAUL SYl\1-
ton, Ill., Hangar Flying. 39p. POSIUl\1, 1ST, EVENDALE, OHIO, NOVEMBER 14-16,
1956
GROVER, JOHN H. H. Proceedings. Cincinnati, Aircraft Gas Turbine Di-
Radio Aids to Air Navigation. Foreword by Peter vision, General Electric Company, 1956. Ill p.
Masefield. New York, Philosophical Library. 138p.
$6.00 MORGAN, HOWARD E.
Turbojet Fundamentals. Santa Monica, Calif.,
HOYT, JOHN R. Douglas Aircraft Co., 1956. 87p.
Safety After Solo; How to Fly 10,000 Hours. 2d
rev. ed. North Hollywood, Calif. Pan American 1956 AIRCRAFT SPARK PLUG AND IGNITION COi\'-
FERENCE REPORT, TOLEDO, OHIO, OCTOBER 2-4,
Navigation Service. 364p. $4.75
1956
Toledo, Ohio, Champion Spark Plug Company,
SMITH, FRANK K. 1956. lllp.
Week-End Pilot. Introduction by Gill Robb Wil-
son. New York, Random House. 242p. $3.75 THIRD TURBINE-POWERED AIR TRANSPORTATION
l\IEETING, SAN DIEGO, AUGUST 1956
TAYLOR, GEORGE F. Proceedings. New York, Institute of the Aeronauti-
Aeronautical Meteorology; a Study Guide to be Used cal Sciences, 1956. 114p. $6.00
with USAFI Course MC701 or CC701. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J.; Published for the U. S. Armed Forces U. S. MUNITIONS BOARD. AIRCRAFT COMMITTEE.
Institute by Prentice-Hall. 136p. (USAFI Study SUBCOMMITTEE ON AIR FORCE-NAVY-CIVIL AIR-
Guide, MC 701.1) CRAFT DESIGN CRITERIA
Aircraft Propeller Handbook. September 1956.
U. S. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. 39Ip. $2.25
Reduction Tables for Air Navigation. Vol. 1 (Se- WILKINSON, PAUL H.
lected Stars) Epoch 1960.0. Washington, U. S. Govt. Aircraft Engines of the World, 1957. 15th ed. Wash-
Print. Off. 322p. (Its H. 0. Publication No. 249) ington, D. C., The Author, 734 15th St., N.W. 320p.
$2.25
$15.00
VAN SICKLE, NEIL D., ed.
Modem Airmanship. Princeton, N.J., D. Van Nos- REFERENCE WORKS
trand. 862p. $9.75
AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING CATALOG
Thirteenth 1957 edition. Editor: Beverly A. Dodge.
WEEMS, PHILIP VAN HORN and CHARLES A. New York, Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences.
ZWENG 358p. $7.50
Instrument Flying. 6th rev. ed. Annapolis, Md.,
Weems System of Navigation and North Hollywood, AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING INDEX, 1954
Calif., Pan American Navigation Service. 309p. New York, Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences.
$6.00 148p. $5.00

ZWENG, CHARLES A. AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING INDEX, 1955

Flight Engineers Manual," with Typical Multiple- New York, Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences,
Choice Questions and Answers for the Flight Engi· I 956. l65p. $5.00
neer Examination. 4th rev. ed. North Hollywood,
THE AIRCRAFT YEAR BOOK 1956
Calif., Pan American Navigation Service, 1956. Official Publication of the Aircraft Industries As-
W4p. $5.00 sociation of America, Inc. Thirty-eighth Annual ed.
Washington, Lincoln Press, Inc. 484p. $6.00
ZWENG, CHARLES A. and JOHN DOHM
Flying the Omnirange; a Pilot's Guide to the Om- AVIATION FACTS AND FIGURES 1957
nidirectional Radio Range, Distance Measuring Edited by Ben S. Lee. Official Publication of the
Equipment and the Course-Line Computer. 4th ed. Aircraft Industries Association of America, Inc.
North Hollywood, Calif., Pan American Navigation Washington, American Aviation Publications. 120p.
Service. 153p. $4.00 $1.00

410
 KEY TO
FORGINGS SHOWN:
1. Missile Ring Splice ...
Aluminum -54 lbs.
20 inches
2. Missile Rib •..
Titanium- 95 lbs.
98.50 inches
3. Missile Fin ..•
Aluminum 8 lbs.
30 inches
4. Accumulator ...
Aluminum- 282 lbs.
30 inches
5. Spar Fin .••
Aluminum- 65 lbs.

In the Jet - Missile - Rocket Age, dependable

forgings by Wyman-Gordon are meeting the chal-
lenge of progress. Whether for Defense or in the-in-
terest of Satellite Science, there is no substitute for
Wyman-Gordon quality, experience and know-how.

411
BECKFORD, L. L. WOH.LD AVIATION DIRECTORY
An ABC of Aeronautics. New York, Pitman Puh- Vol. 18, Nos. 1 and ~- Spring-Summer and Fall-
Iishing Co. 11·1 p. 83.93 \\'inter EL>7. \\'ashington, American .-\viation Pub-
lications, Inc. ~ v. 89.00 per i~suc
BILLIMOVICH, ANDY
Jets and :Missiles; Complete Pictorial and Specifica-
ROTOR AIRCRAFT
tions of the \'\'orld's Newest Jet Aircraft, Rockets
and Missiles. Los Angdes, Trend Books. 128p. AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY
. $.75 Proceeding~; of the Thirteenth Annual National
Forum, \Vashing-ton, May 8-11, 1957. New York,
GREEN, WILLIAM and GERALD POLLINGER The Society. I 3~lp. 87.50
The Observer's Book of Aircraft; Describing One
Hundred and Seventy-Five Aircraft. 1957 eel. Fore- STEPNIEWSKI, WIESLA W Z.
word by Peter Masefield. New ·York, Frederick Introduction to Helicopter .-\erodynamics. Rev. eel.
\Varne & Co. 287p. (Observer's Pocket Series) . Incorporating "Typical Helicopter Performance Cal-
. . 81.25 . culations." Morton, Pa., Rotorcraft Publishing
{:ommittee, Box 55. ~57p. 84.50
GREEN, WILLIAM and GERALD POLLINGER
The \Vorld's Fighting Pl,anes, 2d ·al1d completely
rev. eel. Garden City, 1\'. Y., Ha1iover· House, 1956. SATELLITES
240p. 83.50
BEH.GAUST. ERIK and WILLIAl\1 BELLER
JANE'S ALL THE WORLD'S AIRCRAFT, 1957-58 ell. Satellit~! Foreword by Professor Hermann Oberth.
Compiled and Edited· by Leonard Bridgeman. New New York, Bantam Books. 17fip. 8.35
York, McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1 v. 830.00
CAIDIN, MARTIN
THE SPACE ENCYCLOPEDIA; A GUIDE TO AS- Vang-uard; the Story of the First i\lan-i\Iade Satel-
TRONOMY AND SPACE RESEARCH lite. New York, E. P. Dutton & Co. 288p. 83.95
New York, E. P. Dutton & Co. 287p. $6.95
CLARKE, ARTHUR C.
TAYLOR, JOHN W. R •. The Making of a i\[oun; the Story of the Earth
Aircraft Annual. New York, Philosophical Library. Satellite Program. New York, Harper & Brothers.
92p. . $6.00 205p. 83.50

U. S. AIR TECHNICAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER STINE, G. HARRY

Russian-English ·Glossary; Aeronautical and ~Iiscel­ Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority,
laneous Terms. \'\!right-Patterson Air Force Base, by Lee Correy [pseud.] New York, Ace Books.
Ohio, 1956. 1 v. I !J I p. (Ace Book, D-23~1) $.35
U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS ADMINISTRATION
Statistical Handbook of Civil Aviation, 1957. \Vash- SPACE FLIGHT
ington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off. I 35p. $.60
THE AGE OF SPACE; PROCEEDINGS OF A NON-
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY. ARI\IY LIBRARY TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON l\IISSILES, ROCKETS,
Guided Missiles, Rockets, and Artificial Satellites, AND SPACE TRAVEL-AND THEIR IMPACT ON
Including Project Vanguard; a Selected List of OUR TIMES, MAY 16, 1957.
Titles. \Vasli.ington, Army Library. 153p. (Its Spe- Birn1ihgham, AhL, Southern Research Institute. 43p.
cial Bibliography, 1\'o. II)
AMERICAN ASTRONAUTICAL SOCIETY
U. S. ENGINEER SCHOOL. LIBRARY ProceediiJgs, · fhird Annual ·Meeting, December 6-
Guided Missiles and Rockets, 19,16-1956. Fort Bel- 7, 1956. New York, The Society. 177p .
. ·.
voir, Engineer School Library. 50p.
KRIEGEH, F. J. ..
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. PUBLIC A Casebook on Soviet Astronautics. Santa Monica,
DOCUMENTS DIVISION Calif., The Rand Corporation, 195G. 244 p. (U. S.
Aviation, Civil Aviation, NaYal Aviation, Air Force, Air Force Project Rand Research Memorandum
National Advisory. Committee for Aeronautics Re- RM-1760)
ports. August 1957. 8th eel. vVashington, U. S.
Govt. Print. Off. 30p. (Its Price Li't PL Series 79) LEY, WILLY
Rockets, Missiles and Space Travel. Rev. and enl.
U. S. NATIONAL ADVISORY COMJ\'IITTEE FOH ed. New York, The Viking Press. 528p. $6.75
AERONAUTICS
Index of NACA Technical Publications for June l\IULLER, WOLFGANG
195!J-.June 1956. Washington, The Committee. ~Ian Among the Stars. New York, Criterion Books.
222p. 307p. $4.95

U. S. NATIONAL ADVISORY (;OMMITTEE FOR OBERTJI, HERMANN

AERONAUTICS Man into Space; New Projects for Rocket and Space
Index of NACA Technical Publications for July Trawl. Translated by G. P. H. Freville. New
I%6-.Junc J9!J7. Washinr;ton, The Committee. 2fi5p. York, Harper & Brothers. 2'1Gp. $4·.50

412
 INDEX
191; membership list, 192-193
:\ircooled ~lotors, Inc., 314-315
:\irct·aft carriers, 141, I 72; landing systems, 56, 87, 175
Acce>sories and parts manufacturing industry, 1:13-163 Aircraft Industries Association, 4; Helicopter Council,
Actuators, l·H 207-208; statistics, 83, 209, 38!, 385, 386
:\elkins, Edna, 45 Aircraft manufacwdng industry, 4, II, 82-163
Aero Design and Engineering Co., 85, 221-222; Aero Aircraft Radio Corporation, 133-134
Commander 560E, 85, 222, 3l:l5; Aero Commander Aircmft Year Book, 4, II, 383
680 Super, 85, 221; RL-26D, 85 AiResearch :\\·iation Service Company, 144
Aerobee (mcket) , 119 Airline Pilots Association, 190
Aembee-Hi (rocket), 119, 174, 314 Airlines, II, 18, 187-205; General Fare Investigation,
.-\erodynamic heating, 184 l8S, 196, 217; jet transports, 26-27, 29, IS8, 278;
Aerojet-General Corp., 88, ll9, 313-314, 345; booster local service, 216; operating expenses, ISS; statistics,
engine, AJI0-24, 31-l; AJI0-33, 314; AJI0-37, 3l.J; 1S7, 389, 390; subsidy, I94, 216-217, 392
JATO motor 5KS-4500, 313; l5NS-250, 3l.J; rocket Airports, 2I 1-212; books, 395
engine 2.2KS-li,OOO, 3H; 2.2KS-33,000, 314; 15KS- .·\irships, 109, 269-270; records, I5, 269, 3S5
l000, 313; 40:'\S-4500, 3H Alaska, 2IS, 219
Aerojet-General Nucleonics, 119 Albemarle, USS, I 72
Aeronca l\fanufacwring Corporation, 133 Aldddge, A. S., 195
Aemneutronic Systems, Inc., I 78-179 Allegany Ballistic Laboratory, 337
Aerophysics De\·clopment Corporation, 3Y, 123, ISO, Allen, Harry J., 184, 387
332, 353 Allison Div., General l\lotors Corp., 120-121, 316-317;
Afterburners, I 9 J33 turbojet, 121; J33-A-20, 3I6; J33-A-24, 121;
Agricultural Research Service, 213-214 J33-A-3i, 121, 316; J33-A-41, 12I, 316; Jil turbojet,
Agriculture, Department of, 213-21-1 260, 383; Jii-A-2, I2l, 3I6; T56 propjet, 121;
Air cat·go, see Cargo T56-A-l.-\, 316; T56-A-i, 121; 501-DI3, 32, 316;
Air conditioning, 145 501-DI5, 121; model 550, 121
Air Coordinating Committee, 211-213, 218 Aluminum Company of America, 134-135
Air Force, 82, 166, 167-169; Aero l\ledical Field Labo- Aluminum products, 12·1, 134-135
ratory, 179; Air Defense Command, 28, 16~1, 252, .-\merican Airlines, 194, 216, 390
297; .\ir Force Reserve, 169; Air ~lateriel Com- American A viat ion Daily, 392
mand, ll5, Hi9; Air Research and Development American Aviation Publications, Inc., ll, 383
Command, 89; Cambridge Research Center, I 79; Amedcan Helicopter Society, 22, 386
Civil Air Patrol, 169; Continental Air Command, 1\merican Rocket Society, 94, 392
169; Gmund Observer Corps, 169; ~fissile Test American Society of Planning Officials, 20S
Center, 94, 177; Office of Scientific Research. 49, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, 181, 184, 185
178; School of Aviation l\Iedicine, 180; Strategic Ansette Airways, I98
Air Command, 47, 89, 168, 236; Tactical Air Com- Antarctic, 201
mand, 29, 96, I I I, 167, }()8, 280, 287, 28l:l, ~102; Anti-missile missile systems, 141, I78
'Vright :\ir De,·eiopment Center, 136, 138, 179, Anti-submarine aircraft, 283, 290
288; Golden Anniversary, 167; missiles, 166, 177; ARADCOM, I71, 172
research and developmem, 179, 180 Aramburo, Pres. Pedro E., 16S
Air Force Associ at ion, 25, ·15 Army aviation, 166, 170-1 il; Air Defense Command,
Air France, I 22. 203 170; Aviation Center, 91, 171; Field Forces, 2:19;
Air freight, St'l~ Cargo :\fational Guard, 171; Signal Corps, II I, l3S, 139,
Air Navigation Trallk Control Systt·m, J!JO .167; Signal Engineering Laboratodes, 9!l; missiles,
Air power, see l\lilitary aviation 4S, 52, 166, I 70, 177; "pentomic division," I iO;
Air tranic control. 211, 214, 217 research and development, 178
Air Trallic Control ami Navigation Panel, 211 Arnold, l\lrs. H. H., 45
Air Trainers Link Ltd., I 95 Arnold, H. H., Award, 25
Air Transport Association of America, 187, 188, 190, .-\rtilirial earth satellites, sa Satellites

413
 Artillerie-Inrichtingen, 98 Bibliography, 395-,112
Astronautics Award, 94 Bikle, Paul E., 39'1
Atomic Energy Commission, 86, 126 13irma ::\lanufacturing Corp., 88
Automatic flight control systems, 135, 149, 151, 157 Blunt-nose cone theory, 181, 184
Avco ::\Ianufacturing Corp., Lycoming Div., 129, 320- Boeing Airplane Co., 88-90, 232-236; B-47, 89, 235;
324 B-50, 38·1; B-52, 13, 88, 38·1; B-52A, 236; B-52B,
Avco Research Laboratory, 57 236; B-52C, 236; B-52D, 236; KC-97, 233; KC-97G,
Aviation events, 12-59 13, 234; KC-135 Jet Tanker-Transport, 18, 88, 89,
Aviation Facts and Figures, 383 232, 233, 384, 392, 394; RB-47E, 235; model 707
"Aviation l\Ian of the Year," 25 Jet Stratoliner, 14, 26, 88, 89, 232, 385, 392; 707-
Awards and trophies, 20-25 120, 232; 707-220, 232; 707-320, 232; 707-·120, 232;
717 jet transport, 386; 720 short-to-medium range
jet transport, 88; Bomarc (missile) 50, 88, 387,
3!11; model 502-llB gas turbine, 89, 90; XB-47,
235; XB-52, 89
B G Corporation, 135
Bon Homme Richard, USS, 175
Badenoch, B. W., 160
Books, 395-412
Baker, Maj. Gen. David H., 388
Boron fuels, 119, 183
Baker, G. T., 192
Boston, USS, 337
Balchen, CoL Bernt, 45
Boundary layer control, 98, 115, 285
Balloon records, 15, 21, 179, 387, 393
Bowman, Capt. James, 207
Barnard, Dr. D. P., 388
Bradley, Capt. Ernest E., Jr., 394
Barnes, Leslie 0., 192
Brantly Helicopter Corp., 90, 237
Beacon Hill exercise, 174
Brewer, Frank G., Trophy, 24
Beard, C. E., 192
Bristol Aerplane Co., 122, 387
Bee Aviation Associates, 223
British Overseas Airways Corporation, 203
Beech Acceptance Corporation, Inc., 86
Brooklyn Dodgers, 383
Beech Aircraft Corporation, 85-86, 224-229; D50 Twin
Bryant, Capt. Jack, 169
Bonanza, 85, 226; E50 Twin Bonanza, 85, 86, 226;
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 383
H35 Bonanza, 228; L-23 transport, 86; L-23A, 227;
Bureau of Standards, 157
L-23B, 227; L-23D, 227; model 18, 225; model 73
Business aircraft, 209
Jet Mentor, 85; model 95 Travel Air, 85, 229;
Super 18, 85; T-34 Mentor, 85, 224; T-34A, 224;
T-34B, 86; model 1013 reconnaissance drone, 86;
XKDB-1 Dart target aircraft, 86, 350
jc
Beechcraft Research and Development Corporation, 86 Callair, 238
Belinn, C. M., 192 Canadair Aircraft, 284
Bell, Grover, 208 Canadian Car Company, Limited, 85
Bell, Lawrence D., 208 Canberra, USS, 337
Bell, Lawrence D., Research Center, 88 Capacitors, 128
Bell Aircraft Corporation, 87-88, 230-231; model 47G, Capital Airlines, 195, 216, 392
230; 47G-2, 230; 47H Bellairus, 230; 47J Ranger, Cargo, 190-191, 202, 203
231; H-l3G, 230; H-l3H, 230; H-l3J, 35, 231; H-40, Cargo aircraft, 98, 104, 115, 258, 280, 281
37; HTL-6, 230; HTL-7, 384; HUL-l, 231; X-1, Carmichael, J- H., 192
42; X-lB, 87; X-IE, 87; X-2, 21, 23; X-5, 87; X-H, Carr, Hal N., 193
3.1), 87, 180, 385, 387; XP-59 Airacomet, 43; XV-3 Carr, T. Patrick, 195
Convertiplane, 88; G,-\.::\-I-63 Rascal (missile), 47, Carter, Lt. L. E., 394
87, 384, 392; carrier landing system, 56, 87, 385, Central Airlines, 195
390 Cessna Aircraft Co., 90-91, 239-245; L-19 Bird Dog, 91,
Bell Helicopter Corporation, 88, 137 239; L-19E, 239; L-27A, 240; model 172, 91, 244;
Bellanca, 298 model 175, 91; model 180, 91, 245; model 182, 91,
Bendix Aviation Corporation, 20, 135-141, 383; Eclipse- 242; model 310, 90, 240, 246, 383; model 310B, 90,
Pioneer Div., 135-137; Hamilton Div., 137; Mont- 91, 243; T-37, 90, 91, 384; T-37A, 241; YH-41
rose Div., 137; Pacific Div., 137-138; Pioneer Cen- helicopter, 91, 207
tral Div., 138-139; Products Div., 139, 337; Radio Champion Aircraft Corp., 246
Div., 137-140; Red Bank Div., 140-141; Scintilla Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc., 92, 247; F8U Crusader,
Div., 141; Skinner Div., 141; Systems Div., 141 92, 387, 393; F8U-l, 16-17, 92, 247, 388; F8U-IP,
Bendix Trophy Race, 20, 389 247; F8U-2, 92, 180; F8U-3, 387; XF8U-l, 92, 247;
Benecke, 0. F., 192 Regulus I (missile), 52, 92, 330, 331; Regulus II.
Bez, Nick, 193 52, 92, 331' 390, 392

414
415
IN DE X

Chandler, Capt. Charles De Forrest, I 67 Continental A ir Lines, 196

Chandler, Capt. Kenneth D., 20, 389 Continental Av iation and Engin ee ring Co rporation,
Chanute, Octave, Award, 21, 387 121, 317
Chennault, Gen. Claire L., 45 Continental Mo tors Corp., 2'15, 317- 319
Chicago Convention, 211 Convair, Division of Ge ne ral D ynamics Corpora ti o n ,
Chicago Helicopter Airways, Inc., 115, 196, 206 92-95, 248-252; B-58 Hustl er, 28, 30, 92, 93-94, 248,
Chronology, 1957 clay by clay, 382-392; United States 388, 389; F-102, 20; F-102A D elta Dagger, 92, 93, 94,
chronology, 354-381 250, 252; F-106A Delta Dart, 92, 93, 180, 250;
Chrysler Corp., 39, 180; Jupiter (missile), 54, 33'1, 387, F-106B, 93, 94, 180, 250; lVfetropolitan 440 tran s·
391, 392; Redstone (missile), 48, 166, 170, 333 port, 9'1, 251; mod e l 880 je tlin er, 27, 30, 93, 94,
Civil Aeronautics Administration, 211, 21 '1·215, 387 2'!9; Atlas (missile), 5'1, 9'1, 126, 177, 335 ; T errier
Civil Aeronautics Board, 21 5-217, 384, 385, 387, 390 (missile), 93, 1 I 9, 166, 337
Civil Air Patrol, 218 Co nverse, Edmund, I 92
Civil Reserve Air Fleet, I 91 Cook, Orval R., 4
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Compan y, 14 1 Coolidge Committee, 389
Coast Guard, 273, 305 Cooling, I 85
Cobb, Miss Jerrie, 394 Coral Sea, USS, 172
Cochran, Jacqueline, 45 Cordiner, Ralph, 166
Coggan, B. F., 95 "Corcliner Report," I 66
Collier, Trophy, 24 Cox, Comdr. Dale V., 393, 394
Collisions, 384 Cummings, Robert L., Jr., 193
Commercial aviation, see Airlines Curon, 122
Committee on European Airspace Coordination, 211 Curtis, Edward P., 25, 190, 214-215, 386, 387, 392
Campania Cubana de Aviacion, 89 Curtiss--W right Corp., 122; ·wright Aeronautical Divi-
Compass Island, USS, 174 sion, 325-327
Computers, 102, 109, 135-136, 143, 149, 159, 162, 195
Conant, Frederick W., 96
Congress, 384, 388, 392
Connelly, John H., 193 Davis, T. H., 193
Consolidated Freightways, 205 Dawn Breeze II exercise, 174
Constellation, U SS, 172 Deepwater exercise, I 74

4 16
 .,

Ford Instrument provides the systems

Navigational Syste.ms and Computers Exhaust Temperature Indicator~

Cruise Controls Sensing Systems for Traffic Control

Guidance Systems Drone Controls
Missile Launching and Control Computers Computing Timers for Aerial Photography
Computer and Control Components Plotting Equipment

FORD INSTRUMENT CO.

DIVISION OF SPERRY RAND CORPORATION
31-10 Thomson Avenue, Long Island City 1, New York
Beverly Hills, Calif. Dayton, Ohio

. - n on FICo's aero and missile products and capabilities, write to Dept. PR at Forcl lns}rument Co
For rntorma 11 0 - •
4ll
IN DE X

Defense, Department of, 84, 165-166 Export-Import Bank, 212

Delta Air Lines, 196-197 Extrusion presses, 123, I 42
Delta-wing aircraft, 28, 93, 248, 250, 252
Dempsey, J. R., 94
Denny, Harmar D., 217
Diefenderfer, William E., 146
IF
Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation, 97-99, 266-
Dixon, Thomas F., 392 267, 388; C-123 Provider, 97; C-123B, 267; F-27
Doman Helicopters, Inc., 9:), 253 passenger transport, 27, 97, 266; Turboboxcar,
Douglas, Donald, Sr., 391 97-98; Goose weapons system, 97; l\1-224-1 "Fledg-
Douglas, Donald W., Jr., 96, 391 ling," 98; ;'\L\-1 survival rille, 99; Peu·cl (missile) ,
Douglas, James H., 67, 165, 386, 389 166, 340; surveillance drone, 347
Douglas Aircraft Co., 9:j-96, 254-265; .-\3D Skywarrior, Fairchild Engine Div., I'airchild Engine & Airplane
16-17, 96, 260, 385, 393, 394; A3D-2, 96, 261; Corp., 123-124, 369-370
A3D-2P; 261; A3D-1, 261; A4D Skyhawk, 96, 262; Fairey Aviation Company, Limited, 110
A4D-2, 96, 262; A4D-3, 96; AD-6. 263; AD-7, 263; Farnsworth Electronics Company, 147
B-66 Destroyer, 96; B-66B, 259; C-ll8 Liftmaster, Federal Aid Airport Program, 386
254; C-132, 96; C-133, 96; C-133A, 258; DC-6, 95, Federal Aviation Agency, I 90, 386
235; DC-6A, 95, 254; DC-6B, 95, 254; DC-7, 95, Federal Communication Commission, 217-218
255, 256; DC-7B, 95, 255, 394; DC-7C Seven Seas, Federal Telecommunication Laboratories, 147, 332
95, 255; 256; DC-8 Jet Transport, 26, 96, 257; F4D Federal Telephone and Radio Company, 147
Skyray, 96, 264; F4D-l, 264, 265; F5D, 96, 265; Federal Aeronautique Internationale, 393
F5D-l Skylancer Fighter, 265; R6D-l, 254; RB-66, Ferguson, M. P., 20
259, 260; RB-66B, 260; RB-66C, 260; WB-66 Fiction books, 400
Weather Reconnaissance Destroyer, 260; \VB-66D, Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, 330
96; Corporal (missile), 116, 330; Genie (missile), Firsts, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 43, 47, 31, 86, 96.
51, 96, 166, 344; Honest John (missile), 96, 166, 261, 279, 285
329, 332; ~ike (missile), 96; Nike Ajax (missile), Fish and Wildlife Service, 218
166, 336; Nike Hercules (missile) , 52, 96, 338; Fletcher Aviation Corp., I 00, 268
Thor (missile), 54, 96, 126, 177, 334, 391, 392; Flight Refueling, Inc., 386
XC-132, 180 Flight Safety Foundation, 392
Dow Chemical Company, 142 Flight simulators, 195
Drew, Maj. Adrian E., 19, 25, 106, 392, 393 Flight Support, Inc., 153
Dries, Capt. Howard T., 394 Florida Fashions, 202
Drinkwater, T. C., 193 Flying Platform, 101
Dufek, Rear .-\tim. G. T.. 174 Fokker Aircraft Company, 97
Durfee, James R., 213, 217, 38!1 Ford Instrument Company, 143, 390
Ford Motor Co., 179
l'orest Service, 218-219
Forrestal, USS, 172
Eaker, Gen. Ira C., 96 Franklin engines, 314-315
Early-warning radar system, 57, 174 Frontier Airlines, I 98
Earth satellites, see Satellites Fuel gages, 151-152, 155
Eastern Air Lines, 94, 216, 385 Fuels, 141, 181, 388
Eggers, Dr. A. J., .Jr., 184
Eggert, Capt. Wayne W., 22, 386
Ehricke, Krafft, 94, 392
Eisenhower, !'res. Dwight D., 34, 35, 384. 386, 390, Gabreski, Col. Francis S., 45
391, 392 Gallagher, Maj. James B., 45
Ejection seal systems, 58, 59, 279 Gandy, Capt. Charles L., .Jr., 394
Electric Auto-Lite Company, 124 Gardner, George E., 193
ElcCLronic nplipmcnt, !J~l, !Uti, It::, 1~/, J-:ti Garrett Corporation, 143-144
Ellis, R. E., 192 Gales, Thomas S., 165, 166
Engine manufaclllring industry, 30-33. 119-132, 313- General aviation, 11, 209
327, 388 General Dynamics Corporation, Convair Division, 92-
Entry simulator, 184 95, 248-252
Ethyl Corp., 3H8 General Electric Company, 124-128, 320, 386; C.J-805,
Everest, Lt. Col. !'rank E., 21. 3H7, 390 30, 124, 249, 320, 387; J47-17, 125; .J47-33, 125;
Exhaust temperature indicator, 143 .J79, 30, 124, 128, 248, 320, 387; .J85, 125; T58, 115,
''l~xptdition Dcepfreeze," 113 125, 312, 320; X 405 rocket engine, 125

418
 e 111easure of tomorrow. • •
An airplane powered by a Curtiss-Wright engine has flown so
fast that a noon take-off in New York would land it in
California at 10:20 A.M. same day-turning back the clock!
A Curtiss-Wright nuclear gauge measures the thickness
of fast moving sheet marterials during production-
without touching them.
Curtiss-Wright produces a heat-registering paint for
recording the temperatures of working parts in action.
The fields of Curtiss-Wright activity are continually
broadening, and now indude products for nearly every
major industry ... products of imaginative engineering in
electronics, atomic power, plastics, metallurgy, ultrasonics,
aviation ... products of Curtiss-Wright. research that
~evelopm~ntsfrom the modern research laborato~
raes of Curtiss-Wright serve many industries today continually take the measure of tomorrow. ~
-lay the groundwork for future achievements.

Research by . CURTISS·WRIDHT II
CORPORATION • WOOD-RIDGE, N. J·.
Divisions and Subsidiaries of Curtiss-Wright Corporation:
WRIGIIT AEIIONAUTICAL DJ\' I .S ION fTt: .
Pn ocES! I NG on·r stol\', Buffalo, jy o~ d -R u/g e , N . ) . • Pnot·t: LJ.Eil On·r s i ON, Caldwell, N. 1: • CunoN Dn••s•o;, Que ~amw , Pa. • ELECTRONIC! DrVI.!ION, Carlstadt, N. 1. • METAL S
, . os NC'zo }'ork N Y. • C · }, • S I' EC J,\l.TI ES Dn• 1 sro~ . Wood -Ridge , N. }. • UTICA 01\'15101"0, Uu cn, Mzch. • Soutn D ~:: No UrnsiON, South Bend lnd • E
U 1\ l ~ l . ' ' ' ' ALDW W . • • XrOn'r
On·J !ION , Qu eh otllw , Pa . & Clift on F~L JHCIIT Dn·r siON , Caldw ell, N. } . & N orth Hollyw ood, Calif .. • AEIIO I' II\' SICS DE\' E.I.OI'Ml:N~ COIII'ORATION. Santa Bnrbanl , Calif . • R ESt>ARCII
. I'I AHQU F.TTE r-.·I ET AL Pnoo t; cTs Ol\' l s/ . • 1. • IND USTHL\1. AND SC IENTU· Ic Pnout:cTS Dn' ISIO:"\ , Prmceton, N. 1. • Ct:nTiss-WntGHT E t.: ROP .- \, N . Y., A msterd am, Th e Neth erlands
ON, Cl e vel and, 0. • CANAD IAN C u nnss-W' niGHT LTo., Ook r;i/lc, Ontario , Ctm ada • Pn01~ ULSION Rt::SF.ARCII Coni'OH ,\TION. Santa Barbara , Cali).

419
INDEX

General J\'fills, Inc., 179

General Motors Corp .. Allison Div., 120-121, 316-317
General Motors Research Center, 20't
Halibut, USS, 92
General Precision Laboratori es, Inc., 199
Hamilton , Laddie H. D., 193
Gira!·d, Peter F., 1 12 Hamilton Standard Div., U nited A ircra[t Corp., 144-
Gleason, John S., 192
146
•
Glenn, Maj . John , Jr., 16, 17, 393
Harmon Inte rnational Trophy, 21, 390
Glenn L. Martin Company, 10'1
Harvard Av iation Health and Safety Center, 385
Gliders, 304, records, 394
Hawaiian A irlines, 198
Gluhareff, Michael E., 11 4
Hector, Lou is J ., 217
" Golden Triangle," 190
H elicop ter Assoc iatio n of A meri ca, 208
Goodrich, B. F., Compan y, 179
Helicopters, 3'1-41 , 206-208; A lou e t te , Ill; Bell , 34-35 ,
Goodyear Aircraft Corp., 100, 269-270, 385
37; Brantl y, 90, 237; Cessna, 91 , 207; Doman , 95,
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, 15
253; Hiller, 38, 39, 101, 385 ; Hughes, 102; Kaman,
Government and aviation, 210-219
36, 102-103, 277; Piasecki, 39, 110; Sikorsk y, 11 4-
Graham, Harold L., Jr., 193 ll 5, 305-306; Vertol, 38, 40, 117-118; comme rci a l
Grand Central Rocket Company, 179, 345
use, 190, 198, 206-207; records , 207
Grumman Aiq:raft _Engineering Corp., 101 , 271-274;
Helio Ai rcraft Corp., 275, 387
F9F-6 Cougar, 101; F9F-8, 101; F9F-8P, 274; F9F-
Heliports, 101 , 208
8T, 101, 274; F11F-1 Tiger, 101, 271; FIIF-lF, 271;
Heli-Rotor, 99
Gulfstream turbo-prop executive transport, 101;
Helium wind tunnel, 87
Mohawk, 101; S2F-l Tracker, 272; S2F-2, 272; Hertz Corporation, 91
SA-16A Albatross, 272; SA-l6B, 101, 273; TF-1 Hicks, Gwin, 192
Trader, 272, 273; vVF-2 Tracer, !OJ, 272, 385
High-temperature research , 112, 127, 156, 161 , 181
Guggenheim, Daniel, Medal, 22, 96, 391 Hiller Helico pters, 101; H-23D, 101, 276; U H-12D-I,
Guggenheim Foundation, 385 276; X-18 Propelloplane, 38, 101, 180, 385;
Guided -Missiles, see Missiles XROE-1 Rotorcycle, 39, 101 , 383; Flying Platform,
Gurney, Chan, 217 101; 12-C, 101
Gyrodyne Company, 39 Holaday, \'ITilliam M., 386

Rivets are furnished in all alloys of aluminum, steel, monel, stain-

less steel, copper, brass and other alloys. All head styles. are
available and complete facilities for furnishing any finish desored.
Ask lor Aircraft Rivet Booklet 519
NATIONAL RIVET & MFC. COMPANY

420
FTL ... pioneer in
RADIO NAVIGATION, AIR COMMUNICATIONS
and TRAFFIC CONTROL· SYSTEMS
••• ready to meet the needs of all-weather
flying as it moves into the Jet Age
Federal Telecommunication Laboratories-principal U.S. research and devel·
opment center of International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation-has
long been identified with the pioneering of outstanding electronic aids to world·
wide aviation. FTL engineering has created or contributed substantially to such
important systems as:
Loran ... Consolan ... VHF Airport Radio Direction Finders . , . Four-course
Radio Ranges ... Low Approach Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) , , , GCA
(Ground Controlled Approach) ... Navaglobe ... Navarho .. , VOR ... DME
... Tacan (Tactical Air Navigation) -now incorporated in the U.S. common
civil air navigation system, Vortac · · · Tacan Automatic Reporting and Data
Link, for faster air traffic control · · · and Narcast, for continuous in-flight
weather reports.
So !a~·reaching has been the influence of FTL achievements on the progress
of av1atlon that every 30 seconds-somewhere on the globe-an aircraft makes
a low approach and lands with the aid of systems that reflect FTL's wide expe·
rience in aeronautical electronics.
GUIDED MISSILES: Since 1950, FTL, in cooperation with other IT&T
system companies, has participated in America's missile program on a steadily
expanding scale. . . . · --..
This unique combination of ~acihties h~s played an important role in the
development of the airborne guidance eqmpment for Talos and Terrier ... a
new design of the control system for Rascal · · · the entire computing «round
air and tracking system for L acrosse · · · d le com_mumcations
. 'b
network that feeds'
information to the ICBM, the Atlas : .. launching and firing controls, test and
check-out equipment for Bomarc · · · ~u-to-ground communications for the econd
stage of the IGY satdlite. Research IS also under way on missiles of tom~rrow!

Federal Tele~ommuliication _laboratories

500 Washington Avenue • Nutley, New Jersey

A Division of I NT E R N AT I 0 N A L ·T E L E p H 0 N E AN D T E L E G R A pH c0 R p 0 RAT I 0 N
421
I N D E X

Horne, C. F., 95 Kelly, Col. Oakley G., ·15

Horner, Richard C., 387 Kendall, Da\·id W., 213
Howard, J can Ross, 38G Kenney, Gen. George C., 45
Hughes Aircraft Company, I 02; Falcon (missile), 102, Kerr, I.t. Comdr. 1'. \V., 29
166, 252, 342; GAR ID (missile), 102; GAR 2A, Killian, James R., Jr., 3!l2
102; model 269 helicopter, 102 Kilpatrick, Capt. Robert J., 393
Hughes Tool Company, ·II, 93, 102, 250, 384 Kincheloe, Capt. Iven C., 23
Hulse, Frank W., 193 Kindelberger, James, 45
H~1nsaker,
Dr. Jerome C., 385 Kittinger, Capt. J. W., Jr., 15, 387
Hunt, Comdr. J. R., 175 Klatt, Lt. Gustav B., 17, 106, 3!J<l
Hydraulic equipment, 126, 137, 138, 146, 1:">2·153, 15!l, Klemin, Dr. Alexander, Award, 22, 38G
!GO Koehler Aircraft Products Company, Division of New
Hydroflaps, 290 Britain :\lachine Corporation, 149
Hypersonic Test Vehicle, 353 Kollsman Instrument Corporation, H!J-150, 383
Korth, Howard J ., 192
Kosslcr Award, 22
Kubitschek, Dr. Juscelino, I68
Kuter, Gen. Laurence S., 169
ICAO, 212·213
Independent Airlines Association, l I 5
Insect control, 213-214, 219
Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences, 25
Instrument panel, 96, 134
LaFarlette, Lt. Dennis R., 45
International Air Transport Association, 390
Lahm, Brig. Gen. Frank P., 45
International Airport Charges Conference, 212
Lake Erie Engineering Corp., 88
International Civil Aviation Organization, 212-213, 218
Land-Air, Inc., 150
International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 387
Landing aids, 56, 98, I 09, I 37
International Geophysical Year, 4, I 19, 174, 181, 345
"Land-0-1\Iatic" gear, 242, 244
International Telephone & Telegraph Corporation, 147
Landry, George A., 213
Intrepid, uSS, 172
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, 181, 185
Ion propulsion, l 08, 183
Law books, 406
Lear, Inc., 150-151
Lear, S. ,\., I5l
Lear Electronic GmbH, I51

J abara, Lt. Col. James, 45 Lee, Robert E., 213

"Jet wing" concept, 98 LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 18, 20, 165, 169, 386, 392, 394
Johnson, Alwin W., 203 Lewis, A. D., 192
Johnson, Gen. Leon, 169 Lewis, Lt. Comdr. Morton L., 21, 390
Johnston, S. Paul, 386 Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratories, 181
Joint Industry /Government Tall Structures Commit- Life rafts, I 44
tee, 211 Lightfoot, Ralph B., li4
Jude, George F., 25 Lindbergh, Charles, 44, 96, 167-168
Juvenile books, 404, 406 Link, Edwin A., 24
Link Aviation, Inc., 24
Link 1-'oundation, 24
Liq u idometer Corporation, 151-152
Litton Industries, Inc., 51, 179
Kahle, Keith, 192 Lockheed Air Terminals, Inc., 205
Kaiser Aircraft & Electronics Division, Kaiser Indus- Lockheed Aircraft Corp., I03-I04, 278-286; C-130A
tries Corporation, I 48 Hercules, 104, 280; Electra airliner, 27, 32, 103,
Kaman Aircraft Corp., 36, I 02- I 03, 277, 384, 387, 389; 278; F-80 Shooting Star, 284; F-104A Starfighter,
H-43A, 103; H-43B, 103; HOK-1, 102, 103; HUK-1, 103-104, 279; F-104B, 279; Jet Star, 29, 104, 390;
103; HU2K-I, 102 P2V-5, 283; P2V-6, 283; P2V-7, 104, 283; RC-121,
Karman, Dr. Theodore von, 45 286; RC-121D, 286; Super Constellation 1049G,
Kawasaki Aircraft, GIFU, 284 286; 1049H, 281; 1649A, 104, 282; T-33, 104, 284;
Kearns, Charles M., Jr., 146 T2V-l Sea Star, 285; WV-2 radar picket plane,
Kearsarge, USS, 172 286; WV -3, 286; YC-121 F Constellation, 14, 384;
Keating, Stephan F., 152 X
~

-I (test vehicle), 353; X-1 7 (test vehicle), 48,

Kelleu. Aircraft Corp., 114 :153, 386; Polaris (missile), 54, 104, 119, 126, 177,
Kellogg Switchboard and Supply Company, I47 383; Q-5 (missile target), 47, 347, 391.

422
 MAIN FUEL CONTROL SYSTEMS
·cECO was the first to r><;::nbine
several normally separate fuel sys-
tem components into one "uni-
tized package". Representative of
this philosophy is the new Small
·E ngine Fuel Control series for
target drones and missiles. Some
models in this series, even though
they incorporate integral fuel

contributing pumps, actually weigh less than

8 lbs.

to superb AFTERBURNER FUEL CONTROLS

CECO's basic afterburner fuel con-
trol is a regulator of the by-pass

a-ircraft type. It operates on a constant

metering head across a variable
orifice whose size is regu.lated by
the air flow paramet~r. Throttle

performance modulation is available by provid-

ing for manual variations in either
metering head or orifice size.

SERVOMECHANISMS
Mechanisms of utmost sensitivity
are r~uired to record frequently
changmg pressures and tempera-
Aircraft and aircraft engine tures, and to translate them into
accessory products minute adjustments in mechanical
motion. Tolerances between crit-
THE TARGET . ical mating parts, held to .00004"
in m~ of CECO's hydraulic
Intricate, vastly capable mech- mechanisms, assure maximum per-
anisms of uniform dependa- formance.
bility and unusual quality

THE SOURCE
CHANDLER-EVANS
Represented here are just a few of the
k.o AIRCRAn FUEL PUMPS
Presently in design or production
are both single and dual-element
high-pre:;;sur~, gear-type pumps:
some with mtegral centrifugal
boo_sters. These C~CO pumps are
many CECO products which are air- designed to entram the. entering
borne with the latest and finest military fluid between the teeth and carry
_it to the discharge port, with in-
and commercial aircraft. termeshing teeth to give positive
displacement. Close tolerance
For detailed infon:Y!a!i~n on CECO techniques give them high vol-
ducts and fac1hhes, contact l!metric efficiency over a wide
pro nea rest Chandler-Evans Field
~~ud S a les Engineering offi ce. range of discharge pressures.

William B. Gurney, 7046 Hollywood

-wEST COAST Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif. AIRCRAFT WATER PUMPS
George Brown, 506 Second Ave., <;Eqo·s high-pr~ssure, watet-in-
seattle 4, Wash. Jecho~ pump mcorporating a
Kenneth Moan, 2600 Far Hills Blvd., ~oost Impeller can operate at low.
MID-WEST Dayton 19, Ohio - mlet pressure. It _develops the
Robert Storrs, Chandler-Evans, West thr?-st augm~ntation necessary
EAST COAST Hartford l, Conn. d~rm~ ta~e-off of some multi-en-
g~ne Jet _aircraft and can be com-
b!ned With a CECO water-injec-
CHANDLER-EVANS ~Ion regulator to provide an
Integra ted unit.

.•••
WEST HARTFORD l,
CONNECTICUT PROTEK·PLUGS
Protek-Plugs were developed b
9Eqo originally to prevent rusl
m airc~aft engines during storage.
Essentially containers for si,l ica
/"CECO gel, they are new used in iNstru-
ments, electronic equipment
~SYSTEMS pumps, cameras and guns- ever;
CONTROLS
m1der actual operating conditions.
423
 1 ;-.: D E X

L oewy, Ra ymond, Associa tes, 204 i'v lackay T ro ph y, 23

LOC A IR program, 202 Mac key, J os. C., 193
L os A ngeles Ai rwa ys, 198, 206-207 Mac ready, Co l. J o hn , •15
L ycorning Div. , A' co Manu f:act uring Co rp ., 129, 320- !\-£ann , T ho ma s C. , 213
324; 0 -320-13, 129, 322; T-53, 129 ; T -5313, •lO; T -55, i\i a rin c Cor ps avia t io n , 16, 101 , 172, 174, 337, 388
33, 129, 385 Ma rqu ardt Aircraft Co., 88, 130, 339
,\ lartin Co mpa n y, 104- 106, 290-292; 13-57A, 292; 13-5713,
292; B-:i 7C, 292; B-57D, 292; 13-57£, 101, 105, 292;
P5M Marlin, 104, 105; P5M -l, 386; P5 !'vl-2, 290;
P6M Sea Master, 105, 106; P6M-l , 291; R13-57,
McBride, Lee, 394
292; 13ullpup (mi ssile) , 104, 166, 341, 387 ; L ac rosse
iVI cCart h y, Charles J., 24
(mi ssil e), 104, 166, 332, 385; TM -6 1 :M a tador
McCo nachi e, C . W. C ., 192
(mi ssil e), 53, 105, 166, 3[ll ; TM-6 1A, 105; T l'vi-6113,
i\1cD :mnell A ircraft Corporation, 106-107, 287-289;
105; TM -61C, 105; TM , 54; T itan (mi ssile), 54,
"F3H D emo n , 289; F3H-2, 289; F3H-2M, 289;
I 04, 119, 177 ; Missile M.aster, 104; Vanguard (satel-
F3H-2N, 289; F4H-l , 107; F-101.'\. Voodoo, 19, 2:),
ite), 55, 104, 105, 119, 178, 345-346, 392
106, 107, 287 , 386, 392, 393; F-101J3, 107, 286, 28 7;
Martin-International, JOG
RF-101 , 16-17, 106, 107, 288; Rf-101 C, 393, 304;
Massachusetts Institute of Tec hnol ogy, 383, 392
Talos (m issil e), 107, 126, 127, 166, 337 , 383
Medical research, 179-180
McElro y, Ne il H., 84, 165, 390, 39 1, 392
Merrill, Ca p t. Grayson, 392
McKaughan, R . E. , 193
Meta l fuels, 183
McK ee, Jack, 394
JV[e xico, 216
t\ 1idway, USS, 172
'Military Air T ran spo rt Service, 96, 258
Military av iati on , 164-175; Air Force, 167-169; Army,
170-171; Dept. of Defense, 165-166; Navy, 172-175
Milling, Ge n . T ho mas D., 4·5
Minetti, G. J ose ph , 217
i\Iiniaturization, 102, 152, 155 , 1:)7
M inn eapo lis-Hon eywell, 152
i\.Iissiles, 4, I I, 46-54, 328-353; Asroc, 152; Atlas, 51, 91,
126, 177, 335; 13omarc, 50, 11 9, 339, 387; BullpuJ) ,
178 , 34 1, 387; Co rporal , 166, 330; Dart, 50, 123,
332; falcon, 102, 165, 252, 342; Ge nie, 5 1, 96, 166,
314; Hawk, 11 9, 166, 339, 387; H o nest John, 96 ,
166, 329, 332; Jupit er, 54, 334, 387, 391, 392;
Jupiter-C, 178, 346, 392; Lacrosse, 166, 332, 385;
Little J o hn , 166, 330, 332; Matado r, 53, 166, 331;
Nava ho, 108, 178, 348, 388; Ni ke, 96; Nike-Ajax,
166, 336; N ike-1-lercules, :)2 , 96, 338; Petrel, 16G,
340; Polaris, 54, 104, 119, 126, 177, 383; Rascal,
Manufacturers of: 166, 178, 31 1, 384, 392; R edsto ne, 48, 166, 177, 178,
333; Regulus, 166, 173; R egulu s I, 330, 331; R;gu-
Seamless and Welded and Drawn Stainless Steel
lu s II, 52, 331; Sidewinder, 16, 166, 314; Snark,
Tubing ( .008" to 1" OD), Mechanical, Capillary, 47, 1 I 0, 119, 166, 178, 333; Sparrow, 119; Sparrow
Hyp.odermic and Aircraft Grade, Nickel and I, 119; Sparrow II, 119, 343; Sparrow III, 343 ;
Nickel Alloy Tubing (up to .625" OD) I Tubular ' Talos, 107, 126, 127, 166, 337, 383; Terrier, 93, 119,
Fabricated Parts, Glass-to-Metal Sealing Alloys, I 66 , 337; T hor, 54, 96, J 26, 177, 331, 391, 392;
Clad Metals and Composite Wires, Platinum Titan, 54, 104, 119, 177; Vanguard, 55, 101, 105 ,
Group Metals and Chemicals. Catalogs on Re- 119, 178, 345 -346, 392; a ir to air, 342-344; Wag
quest. Tail, 152; air to surface, 340-341; surface to sur-
face, 329-339 ; su rv ei !lance drones, 347-349, 351;
STA I NLESS STEEL PRODUCTS DIVISION
II",~, target missiles, 347-35 1; test vehicles, 352-353

~~~
'~·~'
.
:{,,,J8 }~ J 8IS H0p &C0•
Malvern, Pennsylvania
Platinum Works

Tel.: Malvern 3100.

Mohawk Airlin es, 199
i'v[oltrup, Me r!, 195
!\'l oon ey Air craft, Inc., 293
i'v[o rr isse y, Co mdr. Ja ck, 177
M urphee, Eger, 386
Mutua l D efe nse Assista nce Prog ram, 101 , 284
Myhre, C. A., 192

424
precis
. i 0 n_ b I J et aircraft compressor blade produced by tire Aviation, Divisions of
ades for 11 •
Super lght propulsion
pan alloy blades, buckets and van
the eAtsfor rotating and static assembliees-precision com- the special alloy .metals that g0 into thes~ and ot~er
also VIation Divisions of Kelsey-Ha;;-arKe products of products demanding high tensile strength w the high
Produces through its own vacuum s. It" elsey-Hayes temperature field. Kelsey-Hayes Company, GeNeral

kEL ey:=H'AVes
~
Automotive ' Aviat·ron and Agricultural Parts • Harad Tools for Industry and Home
17
T PLANTS:
D. . . Detroit
) D and Jack 8011 • M'tch.; Los Anoelcs · llfcKeespori Pa. ; Sprtnuftcld,
· · · (Speco B ·t·otston
Ohto · · ); Utaca,
· . Drop Fo rgo <1'.:
N.Y. (UI·tca
00 1 tvtsr.on ; avenport, lo ·wa (Farm I1nplcm e ui and Wheel i:Hoi.aion); Philadelphia, Pa. (Heint z Divisio11); JVi r&daor, Ont., Ca.11ada .

425
 Nickerson, Col. John, 1l85
Noise suppression, 89, 185, 387
NORAD defense system, 88 .
Napier, D. & Sons, Ltd., 119 1\'orden, Raymond A., 193
Norstad, Gen. Lanris, 169
l\"ational Advisory Committee for .\eronautics, 87, 181-
185 North American Aviation, Inc., 107-109, 29·1-295; A3J,
I 08; F-8G Sabre Jet, I 08; F-8fiD, I 08; F -86L, I 08;
National Aeronautic Association, 393
F-100, 387; F-100.-\, 29-t; F-IOOC, 2!H; F-lOOD, 108,
:\'a tiona! Airlines, 199-200
29·1, 295; F-IOOF, 108, 294, 29!i; F-107, 108; F.f--1.\,
l\"ational Association of State Aviation Officials, 208
296; FJ-4B Fury Jet, 108, 2!J·I, 295; T-28, 108;
~ational Business ,\ircraft Association, 391
T2J, 108, 29fi; T2J-I, 296; WS-110 strategic bomb-
:'\a tiona! Safety Council awards, 197, 198, 200
er, 107; WS-IIOA, 180; \VS-202:\ interceptor, 180;
~ational Science Foundation, IOfi

:\'ational \Vater Lift Company, 141 X-10 (missile), 38·1; X-l!i, 107, 108, 131. 1/!1;
Navaho (missile) , 10_8, 178, 38·1, 388; YF-1 08, I 07,
::\'aval Air \lissile Test Center, 350, 383
:\'aval Air Turbine Test Center, 132 180
~orth American \'an Lines, 205
~ ava1 aviation, 165, 166, 172- l 75; Bureau of Aero-

nautics, 129, 162; Bureau of Ships, 162; Office of :'1/orth Atlantic Treaty Organization, 168, 17·1, 303, 33·1
l\'aval Research, 38; missiles, 166, 174; research :'-lortheast Airlines, 384
Northern Aircraft, Inc., 298
and de\'elopment, 178
Northrop Aircraft, Inc., 109-110, 297; F-89J, 51, 388;
:\'a\'al Industrial Reser\'e Ordnance Plant, 95, 161
T-38 supersonic jet trainer, II 0, 385; Hawk (mis-
:\'elson, Gen. Erik, 45
sile), subcontract, 110; S:\f-62 Snark (missile),
Neumeyer, \Villiam E., 213
·17, 110, 11!1. lfi6, 178, 333; Radioplane Companv,
New Britain \lachine Corporation, Koehler Aircraft
log, 383
Products Company, 149
Northrop International, 109
:-.lew York Air Brake Company, 152-153 Northwest Orient Airlines, 200
New York Airways, 115, 206-207 :\'orton, Garrison, 213
~ewbury, Frank, 385, 388 :'1/nclear-powered aircraft, 126
~ewport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, :\' Ul\11 LL, 109
172 :\'yrop, D. '"-· 193

MECH-AID RIVET SET

RETAINER SPRINGS
are standard or optional equipment on every aircraft
pneumatic rivet hammer manufactured in the United
States-and are used exclusively in 80% of the major
aircraft plants. The only retainer endorsed by all
Safety Engineers. Price only 30c each.

Note: New Location

MECH-AIDS
345 SUNRISE CIRCLE
Vista, California

426
 HERE'S HOW

CPT• WL
FITS INTO TODAY'S AIRCRAFT AND MISSILES PICTURE

AIRCRAFT AIR.CRAFT & MISSIL

LANDING GEAR FLIGHT CONTROL.

Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electro-

GROUND SUPPORT Mechanical Actuators & Controls

Launching Towers Fluid Servo Mechanisms

Test Stands & Components

Portable & Shipboard Hydraulic & Pneumatic Valves.

Launchers Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves

Ground Transport & Mechanical Devices

Lift Equipment Pumping Devices

On-Site Services Pressure Regulators

'

Cleveland Pneumatic has developed and built more landing gear

for more aircraft than any other manufacturer. And now CPT, through
its two Divisions, offers proven know-how and outstanding
facilities for these important phases of your aircraft and missiles projects:

TING, PROTOTYPE, QUANTITY PRODUCTION SINGlE-CONTRACT RESPONSIBiliTY FOR All GROUND

DESIGN, TES oNTROL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS SUPPORT EQUIPMENT AND ON-SITE SERVICES
OF FLIGHT C

427
 jo Project Bullet, 17
Project Farside, 49, 132, 178-179, :1!!2
"Project l\Iagnct," I I 3
Old, l\Iaj. Gen. Archie, Jr., 13
Project Vanguard, 5:), 104, lO:i, 11!1, 178, :1-15-3-lG, 392
Olin l\Iathieson Chemical Corporation, 132
Propeller manufacturing industry, 1·1·1-l·lti
Operation Deepfreeze III, 283
Propulsion Research Corporation, 12:1
Operation Fire '\"all, 19
Puerto Rico, 2lli, 219
"Operation Hourglass," 120
Pyle, James T., 21·1
"Operation l\fobile Zebra," 106, 168
"Operation Powerflight," 167
"Operation Sun Run," 106, 168
Ordnance Engineering Corporation, 119
Oregon Experiment Station, 213 Quarles, Donald .-\., W:i, 386
Oriskany, USS, 172 Quesada, Lt. Gen. Elwood, 387
O'Sullivan, William J., 181

RADAN, 199
PacAero Engineering Corporation, 153-l:H Radar equipment, 137, 139, 140, 154, 1!!7, ](il, 162, 390
Pacific Ainnotive Corporation, 153-154 Radford, Adm. Arthur ,V., 165, 385, 38G
Pacific 1\orthern Airlines, 200 Radio Corporation of .-\merica, 154-l:i5, 390
Pan American "'orld .\irways, 26, 88, 201, 216 Radio-Electronics-Television l\Ianufaclllrers Assn., 386
Panagra, 202 Radio stations, 211
Pantobased aircraft, 115 Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, 211. 218
"Para-Lift" flaps, 242, 244 Radioplane Company, 109, 383; OQ-19 target, 349;
Partridge, Gen. Earle, 169 Rl'-76, 348; RP-77D, 349; XQ-4, !1·18
Pans industry, see Accessories and parts manufacturing Rahn, Robert 0., 265
industry Railway Express Agency, 203
Patterson, \\'. :\., 193 R.\l\IAC machines, 20!!
Peach, Robert E., 192 Ram jet engines, 88, 130, 181-182, 18·1
Pennsylvania State University, 122 Ramo-\Vooldrige Corpora 1ion, 159
PE~:--;Y, 141 Ranger, USS, 172
Petersen, Raymond I., 193 Rappaport, Percy, 213
Petroleum Helicopters, 22 Rawlings, Gen. Edwin, 169
Philco Corporation, 46, 166, 3-14 Raymond, .\rthur E., 22, 96, 391
Phillips Petroleum Company, I 05 Raytheon l\Ianufacturing Company, 110, 171, 34:1, 387
Piasecki .-\ircraft Corporation, 39; "aerial jeep," 39, Reaction i\Iotors, Inc., 131-132
110, 180; '"Sea Bat," 110 RE.\L .-\erovias, 94, 249
Pickering, William H., 392 REC0:\11', 109
Pierson, Warren Lee, 193 Records, 13-19, 42, 106, 261, 394-395; national (U.S.),
Pioneer Aircraft Leasing Corp., 154 394; world "class," 393-394
Piper Aircraft Corp., 110-111, 300-301; 1'.\-18 Super Redstone Arsenal, 332, 333, 346
Cuh, Ill, JIOO; 1',\-18.\, Ill, 300; 1'.\-22 Tri-Paccr, Reen~. Robert C., I !J3

ll I, 299; 1'.\.-23 Twin Apache, I I I, 301; PA-2·1 Refueling in flight, 86, 383, 386
Comanche, I I I, 299 Rent-a-plane service, !JI
Piper Aircraft Development Center, I l I Rentzel, D. W., 193, 203
Plastic materials, 99 Republic Aviation Corp., lll-Jl2, 303; F-84F Thunder-
Port of :--;ew York Authority, 20!! streak 112, 303; F-10:) Thunderchicf, 29, I I I, 180,
l'ost Oflice Department, 219 302, 385; F-IO!iB, Ill, 389; RF-84F Thunderflash,
Power, Gen. Thomas S., I G8, I o9 303; XF-103, IHO; .-\louelte helicopter, Ill; Terra-
Power plants, SFe Engines pin (rocket) , 353; SD-3 surveillance drone, 351
Pratt & 'Vhitney Aircraft Div., Cnitecl Aircraft Corp., Research and development, 176-185
130-131, 324-325; .J48 wrbojet, 325; .J!i2, 131, 325; Rhines, Thomas B., 146
_p7, 33, 1!!0, 32!!; Ji''i, 33, 93, 130, 3Hii; .JT-3, 130, RIAS, Inc., 106
32ii; .JT-3C. 2!!7; .JT-·1, 130, 32:i; .JT-4.\, 2ii7; Ribboncon:, 99
R-21!00, 324; T34 turboprop, J31; T:)7, 131 Rieken hacker, E. V., 4:i, I 92
Prescott, Robert \V., 192 Riddle, John Paul, I93
Princeton University, 87 Riddle Airlines, 202, 216
Procter & Gamble, 390 Rifles, !JH
"Projett A R(J\>V.\," ll 3 Risner, Maj. Robinson, 44, 168, 394

428
For Navy Jnissilernen ... a"bird"in the hand
His h an ds hold the firepower of an entire Beet packed These are America's ready-to-go missiles ... engineer-
into one guided missile- an awesome "bird" that ing triumphs that mean accurate, deliverable power
carries a nucl ea r warhead. It is Chance Vought's for your Nuclear Navy. They are being produced by
R egu.l1.1s II, a supersonic missile that will join the Navy Chance Vought- pioneer U. S. missile-maker with an
to give the U. S. unmatched missile striking power. unequaled backlog of working knowledge in the
No promise for tomorrow, it is available today. development of surface-to-surface missile systems.
R egulus II is the big brother of R egulus I , the Navy
missile with a 3-) ear hitch. A Fleet veteran, R egul·u s I
has proved its uncanny accuracy and re markable relia-
bility in more than 650 launchings. INCORPORATED· DALLAS. TEXAS

429
 Robertson, Reuben, 165 Sherwin , S. B ., 146
Roe, A . V., Canada Ltd ., 122 Shock tube, 57
Rohr A ircraft Corporation, 155 Short, Dewey, 2 13
Rolls-Royce engines, 11 5, 232, 2!i7 Siedel, E. George, 213
Ross, Malcolm D., 21, 390 Sikorsky, Igor I., I 14, 391
Rothschild., Louis S., 213 Sikorsk y A ircraft Div., United A ircraft Corp., 114- 11 5,
\ "'
Rotor-._aircraft books, 412 206, 305-306; H- 19, 305; H-34, 306; I-I-37A, 11 5,
Rotorcycle, 39, 101, 383 306; H04S, 305; HRS, 305; HR2S, 305; HR2S-I,
Russell, Rear Adm . J ames S., 24, 386 306; HSS, 115, 384; I-ISS-1, 306; HUS, 306; S-55,
Russia, 55, 178, 391 305; S-55C, ll'l, 305; S-56, 1l'l, 306; S-58, I 14, ll5,
. Ryan Aeronautical Co., 112-114; X-13 Vertijet, 35, 11 2, 306
113, 386; Vertip1ane, 41, 112, 180; Q-2 Fi rebee Simmonds Aerocessories, Inc. , 155- I 56
target drone, 112-113, 11 8, 350, 384 Simons, Maj . Da vid, 15, 179, 390, 393
Sims, Tur_ner A ., Jr., 146

js Sinclair Refining Company, 1!i3

Six, Robert F., 192
Saarinen, Eero, and Associates, 204 Slick Airways, 203
Sailplanes, 304 Smith, C. R., 192, 194
Salon International de l'Aeronautique, 117, 124 Smith, Brig. Gen . Dale 0 .. 384
SARAH, 155 Smith, Capt. Levering, 392
Saratoga, USS, 172 Stuith, Merle K. , 192
Saudi Arabia, 384 Sm ith, Ca p t. vVarren B ., 202
SCATS system, 195 Society of A utomotive Engin eers, 25
Schrecengost, Capt. Ray W ., 393, 394 Solar A ircraft Company, 156
Schweizer Aircraft Corp., 304, 394 Sound suppression, 89, I 85, 387
Southern Ai rwa ys, 90, 24 1
Seaboard & ~Western A irlines, 202 -203
Spaatz, Gen . Carl A., 45
Sears, Roebuck Company, 202
Space research, I 79
Sharp, Dudley C., 213 Spark plugs, 135
Sharp, Dr. Edward R. , 25 Sperry, Lawrence A ., Award, 25
Shea, Andrew B., 193 Sperry Farragu t Company, 143, 343
Sheppard, Col. William A., 390 Spe_rry Gyroscope Company, 25, 157- 158, 166, 343

i\IRCRAFT
FINISHES .
Butyrate Dope ~ Clear Nitrate Dope • Thinner • Colored
Butyrate Dopes • Colored Nitrate Dopes • Rejuvenator •
Aircraft Lacquers • Retarder • Baking Primer •
Aircraft (SG) Enamels • Zinc Chromate Primer
"Government Specification Finishes"
Any finishing problems? . . . Write-

.R andolph PRODUCTS COMPANY

CARLSTADT, NEW JERSEY
llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllll~

430
Sperry Rand Corporation, Ford Instrument Company, Cnited .\irnaft Corporation, Hamilton Standard Div.,
l-l3, \'ickers Incorporated, 160-161 144-146; Pratt & '\"hitney .\ircraft Div., 130-131,
Spra~mat, 154 324-325; Sikorsky Aircraft Div., 114-115, 305, 306
Sputnik (satellite), 4, 118, 391 Cniversal Air Travel Plan, 190
State Department, 190 Cniversity of )Iaryland, 112, 353
Stauffer Chemical Company, 119 l"rban Land Institute, 208
Stauffer-Aerojet Company, 119 Ctica-Bend Corp., 50, 123
Stepper :\lotors Corporation, 150 Ctility aircraft, see General aviation
Strikeback exercise, 11-l
Stmuko!I .-\ircraft Corp., 115, 307; :\IS-8-1, 307; YC-13-l,
115, 301; YC-13·1.-\, 301
Sub-satellite, 181
VARIG, 89
lv
Sud Aviation, Ill
Vertical rising aircraft, 35, 41, Si, 98, 110, 112, 117-118
Suggs, Robert, 22
Vertol Aircraft Company (Canada), Ltd., 117
Sundstrand A,·iation Division, Sundstrand Machine
Vertol Airc1·aft Corp., 38, 111-118; H-21, 40, 117, 312;
Tool Company, 159
H-2IB, 312; H-21C, 312; H-21D, 117, 312; model
Sweet, Capt. Robert, I i, 106, 394
44, Ili, 311; ·H.-\., 117, 311; HB, 117, 311; 44C, 117,
Swept-wing ain:ra[t, 294, 295, 303
311; model 76 VTOL, lli-118; model 105, 392
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., 56
Vickers Incorporated, Di,·ision of Sperry Rand, 160-161
Symington, Sen. Stuart, 24, 45
Vortac, 147

IT
Tacan, 1-li
jw
W545, 161
Taylor, Remington R., 199 Wageneck, R. L., 195
Taylorcraft, Inc., 308 Wallops Island Pilotless Aircraft Research Station, 185
'"Tciebill," 202 \Varsaw Convention, 212
Temco Aircraft Cor[J., I Hi, 309,· TT . 1 Pinto, 2!.1, llli, \\"eick, Fred E., 111
309; XKDT-1 drone, :151
\lielding techniques, 99, 113-114
Tennessee, 206
'Vest Coast .-\irlines, 97
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, 213
\Vestern .-\ir Lines, 216
Thiokol CI tcmtca
. 1 Corporatwn,
. -9 132, li9, 339
:J-,
\ \7 estern Electric Company, 52, 57, 338
Thomas, Charles S., 165
Westinghouse Electric Corp., 132, 161-163, 325; J!H-
Thontpson Products, Inc., 159-160
WE, 132, 325; J54 turbojet, 31, 132, 325, 387:
Thompson Trophy, 19, 25
YJ81-WE, 325
Tibbets, Col. Paul, 45
Weyland, Gen. Otto P., 45
Ticonderoga, USS, I i2
White, Gen. Thomas D., 45, 165, 169, 386
Tipton, Stuart G., lSi, 188
Tires, 98 Wicn, Sigurd, 193
\\Tillgoos, Andrew, Turbine Laboratory, 130
Titanium, 89
Willis, Chas. F., 192
~ittel, MjSgt. Horst, 45
Wilson, Charles E., 165, 385, 388, 389, 390
1 rans Caribbean Airways, 216
Tra 115 Wortd \irlines 104 203-204 "lti Wind tunnels, 87, 88, 90, 92, 108, 109, 112
·I·ra · ' ' '- \Vood, \\r. Gordon, 193
nscontinental 9-1
\ \ 7oodley, .-\. G., 193
rrecke
• 1· ·-urcraft
'· ' CoqJ., 310
Tngo • n·IOlllsio,
. \Voodley Airways, 200
192
\Voolman, C. E., 192
Trippe, J. T., 193
Wright, Capt. l 1rank L., 394
Tryon, George H., lll, 392
\.Yright Aeronautical Division, Curtiss-Corporation, 122,
Tunner, Gen. 'Villiam H., 45
325-327; J65 turbojet, 122, 32i; R-1300 radial, 325;
Turbojets, 181, 189
R-1820 radial, 326; R-3350 radial, 327; TJ38
Turbonator, 126
Zephyr turbojet, 31, 122, 387; Turbo Compound,
_T urboprops, 189
rurner R 45 122. 327
i'w· . • oscoe, 'Vright Brothers Memorial Dinner, 24
llllng, Gen. Nathan I~ .• 45, 165, 166, 385, 386
\Vright Brothers l\Ien10rial Trophy, 24
'Vyman-Gordon Company, 163

lu
Unitary wind tunnel plan, 184 lv
United Air Lines, RS, 204-205 Yeager, Maj. Charles E., ·l5

431
 ADVERTISERS INDEX

Aero jet-General Corp. --------------------------------------------·- . RO

Aircraft Radio Corp. ---------------------------------------------------- ______ .. _____________ ... _____ ..... ------------- 77
AiResearch Mfg. Co., Div. of The Garrett Corp. _ ........ ___________ --------------- -------------- -··- 75
Allison Dh·., General ~Iotors Corp. --------------------· ------ ---------······-···- ..... ------------------------------ 2
Avco lVIfg. Corp.-------------------------------------------------··---------------------------------····-------------------------- 7!1
Crosley Div. ------------------------------------------·-------·- ·-------- ------------· ------··· · -- -···· ·· -- ----------------- 3!17
Bell Aircraft Corp. ---------------------------------------------- ---- ·····----------------·- 60
Bendix Aviation Corp. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .. ___ --------------------- fi2, 63
Products Div. --------------------------------------------------- ·------------------------------------------------------···•----- 73
]. Bishop & Co., Platinum Works
Stainless Steel Products Div. --------------------------------------------------------------··------ --------- --------
Boeing Airplane Co. ---------------------------------,..,..------------- ___________________ -------------------· .. -------------- 68
.,-
Chance Vought Aircraft, Inc. ------------------------------- .... -----------------·-------------- ------------------------- ·129
Chandler-Evans ---------------------------------------------------- ... ---------------------------- ..... ----.------------------------ 4 23
Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co., The --------------. ···-------··· -------·---------·-· --------- -------------------- ·127
Continental Aviation & Engineering Corp. -------------------------. ______ ----------------------- ------------- 70
Continental i\I otors Corp. ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---- ----------------
Convair, a Division of General Dynamics Corp. ---------- --------- -------------- --------------- --·-------- 6-1
Curtiss-Wright Corp. --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------------------- -119
Fairchild Engine & Airplane Corp. ------------------------------------------------------------------·------------------- 5, 10
Federal Telecommunication Laboratories, Div. of International Telephone &
Telegraph Corp. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -121
Ford Instrument Co., Div., Sperry Rand Corp. ------------------------------------------------------------------ -117
GENEX, Inc. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ·116
Grumman Aricraft Engineering Corp. ---------------------------------------------------- ----------·---------------- -1 Ei
Kelsey-Hayes Co. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -12 !i
Kollsman Instrument Corp., Sub-Standard Coil Products Co., Inc. ------------------------------ ·105
Lockheed Aircraft Corp. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------- 71
Martin Co., The ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------·Back CoYer
McDonnell Aircraft Corp. -----------------------·-------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- 78
J\f ech-Aids ---------------------------------------------------------------------- _·------------- __________________ _____________ ___________ ·126
National Rivet & Mfg. Co. --------------------------------· ---- -------- -- ----- ·····-----·------------------------------ ·!20
New York Air Brake Co., The VVatertown Di\'. ------- --·------------ --- ... ----·------------- -:107
N onh American Aviation, Inc. ------------------------------ ---·------------- ·--------------- ----· ------------------------ G7
Northrop Aircraft, In c. ------------------------------------------- -------------------------· ------------------ ----- ---------- ---- 76
Randolph Products Co. -------------------------------------------- ----------- --------------------------- ---------- -------- 430
Republic Aviation Corp. ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ------------------ --- ------- 74
Rohr Aircraft Corp. -------------------------------------------------------------. _________ -------------· ________ ___ ·---- ________ _ 409
Ryan Aeronautical Co. --------------------------------------------------------- ·----------------------- --- ·------ ·-· ·····-------- 399
Saginaw Steering Ge·ar, n·IV.-G enera I "·I 1v. o t ors C 01-p. ---------------------------·------ ________________ _ 403
Simmonds Aerocessories, 1nc. -----------------------------------------· ___________________ ... ___ ···---·-------------------- 65
Sperry Gyroscope Co., Div. of Sperry Rand Corp. ------ ----------- --- ---- ---- ----- --- - ------ ----- 69
M. Steinthal & Co., Inc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _______ _ (j I
rrcn1CO Aircraft Corp. ------------------------------·-------- --------------------- ------------------------------ ------- -------- 81
united Aircraft Corp. ----------------· ------------------------------------------ ·-----------------------------------------· -··--- (i(:i

Vertol Aircraft Corp. -------------·--- __________ ---·---------------------- _____________________________ . ·-----------------··----- -:101

Watertown Division, The New York Air Brake Co. _________ ------------- --------·- ----------·· -------- 407
Wyman-(;ordon Co. -----------------·-·····---·· ------·----------------------- __ ---------------------·--------- __ _ ·III

432
.. ''

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