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    Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What Is, Application & Example

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    De' Lufias
    Fuzzy logic is a technique that allows for approximate reasoning and accounts for uncertainties between binary values of true and false. It works by assigning membership degrees to linguistic variables like "hot" or "cold" rather than crisp values. Fuzzy logic was first introduced in 1965 and has been applied in various fields like control theory and AI. It imitates human decision making that considers degrees of membership rather than absolute values. Example applications of fuzzy logic include anti-lock brakes, automatic transmissions, cruise control, and more.

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    Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What Is, Application & Example

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    De' Lufias
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    Fuzzy logic is a technique that allows for approximate reasoning and accounts for uncertainties between binary values of true and false. It works by assigning membership degrees to linguistic variables like "hot" or "cold" rather than crisp values. Fuzzy logic was first introduced in 1965 and has been applied in various fields like control theory and AI. It imitates human decision making that considers degrees of membership rather than absolute values. Example applications of fuzzy logic include anti-lock brakes, automatic transmissions, cruise control, and more.

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    Fuzzy Logic

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    Artificial Intelligence

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    Fuzzy logic is a technique that allows for approximate reasoning and accounts for uncertainties between binary values of true and false. It works by assigning membership degrees to linguistic variables like "hot" or "cold" rather than crisp values. Fuzzy logic was first introduced in 1965 and has been applied in various fields like control theory and AI. It imitates human decision making that considers degrees of membership rather than absolute values. Example applications of fuzzy logic include anti-lock brakes, automatic transmissions, cruise control, and more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    99 views7 pages

    Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What Is, Application & Example

    Uploaded by

    De' Lufias
    Fuzzy logic is a technique that allows for approximate reasoning and accounts for uncertainties between binary values of true and false. It works by assigning membership degrees to linguistic variables like "hot" or "cold" rather than crisp values. Fuzzy logic was first introduced in 1965 and has been applied in various fields like control theory and AI. It imitates human decision making that considers degrees of membership rather than absolute values. Example applications of fuzzy logic include anti-lock brakes, automatic transmissions, cruise control, and more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    Fuzzy Logic Tutorial: What is, Application &

    Example
    What Is Fuzzy Logic?
    The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague. In real life, we
    may come across a situation where we can't decide whether the statement is true
    or false. At that time, fuzzy logic offers very valuable flexibility for reasoning. We
    can also consider the uncertainties of any situation.

    Fuzzy logic helps to solve a problem after considering all available data. Then it
    takes the best possible decision for the given the input. The FL method imitates
    the way of decision making in a human which consider all the possibilities
    between digital values T and F.

    In this tutorial, you will learn

     What Is Fuzzy Logic?


     History of Fuzzy Logic
     Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic
     When not to use fuzzy logic
     Fuzzy Logic Architecture
     Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability
     Crisp vs. Fuzzy
     Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory
     Fuzzy Logic Examples
     Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic
     Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System
     Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems

    History of Fuzzy Logic


    Although, the concept of fuzzy logic had been studied since the 1920's. The term
    fuzzy logic was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of UC Berkeley in
    California. He observed that conventional computer logic was not capable of
    manipulating data representing subjective or unclear human ideas.

    Fuzzy logic has been applied to various fields, from control theory to AI. It was
    designed to allow the computer to determine the distinctions among data which is
    neither true nor false. Something similar to the process of human reasoning. Like
    Little dark, Some brightness, etc.

    Characteristics of Fuzzy Logic

    1|Page
    Here, are some important characteristics of fuzzy logic:

     Flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique


     Helps you to mimic the logic of human thought
     Logic may have two values which represent two possible solutions
     Highly suitable method for uncertain or approximate reasoning
     Fuzzy logic views inference as a process of propagating elastic constraints
     Fuzzy logic allows you to build nonlinear functions of arbitrary complexity.
     Fuzzy logic should be built with the complete guidance of experts

    When not to use fuzzy logic


    However, fuzzy logic is never a cure for all. Therefore, it is equally important to
    understand that where we should not use fuzzy logic.

    Here, are certain situations when you better not use Fuzzy Logic:

     If you don't find it convenient to map an input space to an output space


     Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense
     Many controllers can do the fine job without the use of fuzzy logic

    Fuzzy Logic Architecture

    Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts as shown in the diagram:

    Rule Base:

    It contains all the rules and the if-then conditions offered by the experts to control
    the decision-making system. The recent update in fuzzy theory provides various
    methods for the design and tuning of fuzzy controllers. This updates significantly
    reduce the number of the fuzzy set of rules.

    2|Page
    Fuzzification:

    Fuzzification step helps to convert inputs. It allows you to convert, crisp numbers
    into fuzzy sets. Crisp inputs measured by sensors and passed into the control
    system for further processing. Like Room temperature, pressure, etc.

    Inference Engine:

    It helps you to determines the degree of match between fuzzy input and the rules.
    Based on the % match, it determines which rules need implment according to the
    given input field. After this, the applied rules are combined to develop the control
    actions.

    Defuzzification:

    At last the Defuzzification process is performed to convert the fuzzy sets into a
    crisp value. There are many types of techniques available, so you need to select
    it which is best suited when it is used with an expert system.

    Fuzzy Logic vs. Probability


    Fuzzy Logic Probability

    Fuzzy: Tom's degree of membership Probability: There is a 90% chance that Tom is
    within the set of old people is 0.90. old.

    Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a Probability is a mathematical model of


    mathematical basis on the model of the ignorance.
    vagueness phenomenon.

    Crisp vs. Fuzzy


    Crisp Fuzzy

    It has strict boundary T or F Fuzzy boundary with a degree of membership

    Some crisp time set can be fuzzy It can't be crisp

    3|Page
    True/False {0,1} Membership values on [0,1]

    In Crisp logic law of Excluded Middle In the fuzzy logic law of Excluded Middle and
    and Non- Contradiction may or may not Non- Contradiction hold
    hold

    Classical Set vs. Fuzzy set Theory


    Classical Set Fuzzy Set Theory

    Classes of objects with sharp Classes of objects do not have sharp boundaries.
    boundaries.

    A classical set is defined by crisp A fuzzy set always has ambiguous boundaries, i.e.,
    boundaries, i.e., there is clarity about there may be uncertainty about the location of the
    the location of the set boundaries. set boundaries.

    Widely used in digital system design Used only in fuzzy controllers.

    Fuzzy Logic Examples


    See the below-given diagram. It shows that in fuzzy systems, the values are
    denoted by a 0 to 1 number. In this example, 1.0 means absolute truth and 0.0
    means absolute falseness.

    4|Page
    Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic
    The Blow given table shows how famous companies using fuzzy logic in their
    products.

    Product Company Fuzzy Logic

    Anti-lock brakes Nissan Use fuzzy logic to controls


    brakes in hazardous cases
    depend on car speed,
    acceleration, wheel speed, and
    acceleration

    Auto NOK/Nissan Fuzzy logic is used to control


    transmission the fuel injection and ignition
    based on throttle setting,
    cooling water temperature,
    RPM, etc.

    Auto engine Honda, Nissan Use to select geat based on


    engine load, driving style, and
    road conditions.

    Copy machine Canon Using for adjusting drum


    voltage based on picture
    density, humidity, and
    temperature.

    Cruise control Nissan, Isuzu, Use it to adjusts throttle setting


    Mitsubishi to set car speed and
    acceleration

    Dishwasher Matsushita Use for adjusting the cleaning


    cycle, rinse and wash strategies
    based depend upon the number
    of dishes and the amount of
    food served on the dishes.

    5|Page
    Elevator control Fujitec, Mitsubishi Use it to reduce waiting for
    Electric, Toshiba time-based on passenger traffic

    Golf diagnostic Maruman Golf Selects golf club based on


    system golfer's swing and physique.

    Fitness Omron Fuzzy rules implied by them to


    management check the fitness of their
    employees.

    Kiln control Nippon Steel Mixes cement

    Microwave oven Mitsubishi Chemical Sets lunes power and cooking


    strategy

    Palmtop Hitachi, Sharp, Sanyo, Recognizes handwritten Kanji


    computer Toshiba characters

    Plasma etching Mitsubishi Electric Sets etch time and strategy

    Advantages of Fuzzy Logic System


     The structure of Fuzzy Logic Systems is easy and understandable
     Fuzzy logic is widely used for commercial and practical purposes
     It helps you to control machines and consumer products
     It may not offer accurate reasoning, but the only acceptable reasoning
     It helps you to deal with the uncertainty in engineering
     Mostly robust as no precise inputs required
     It can be programmed to in the situation when feedback sensor stops
    working
     It can easily be modified to improve or alter system performance
     inexpensive sensors can be used which helps you to keep the overall
    system cost and complexity low
     It provides a most effective solution to complex issues

    Disadvantages of Fuzzy Logic Systems


     Fuzzy logic is not always accurate, so The results are perceived based on
    assumption, so it may not be widely accepted.

    6|Page
     Fuzzy systems don't have the capability of machine learning as-well-as
    neural network type pattern recognition
     Validation and Verification of a fuzzy knowledge-based system needs
    extensive testing with hardware
     Setting exact, fuzzy rules and, membership functions is a difficult task
     Some fuzzy time logic is confused with probability theory and the terms

    Summary
     The term fuzzy mean things which are not very clear or vague
     The term fuzzy logic was first used with 1965 by Lotfi Zadeh a professor of
    UC Berkeley in California
     Fuzzy logic is a flexible and easy to implement machine learning technique
     Fuzzy logic should not be used when you can use common sense
     Fuzzy Logic architecture has four main parts 1) Rule Basse 2)
    Fuzzification 3) Inference Engine 4) Defuzzification
     Fuzzy logic takes truth degrees as a mathematical basis on the model of
    the vagueness while probability is a mathematical model of ignorance
     Crisp set has strict boundary T or F while Fuzzy boundary with a degree of
    membership
     A classical set is widely used in digital system design while fuzzy set Used
    only in fuzzy controllers
     Auto transmission, Fitness management, Golf diagnostic system,
    Dishwasher, Copy machine are some applications areas of fuzzy logic
     Fuzzy logic helps you to control machines and consumer products

    7|Page

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