Risk Disaster

Risk
 defined as the interaction between a natural
factors are
hazard event (earthquake, flood, storm,
variables
drought, sea level rise) and the vulnerability
that either
of the exposed element or society
aggravate
(UN/ISDR 2004; Wisner et al. 2004)
or mitigate
the effects
of hazards,
affecting
the degree
or scope of
Disasters a disaster.
 are often described as a result of the
combination of:
i. The exposure to a hazard; DISASTER RISK FACTORS
ii. The conditions of vulnerability that I. Physical
are present, and; II. Psychological
iii. Insufficient capacity or measures to III. Socio-cultural
reduce or cope with the potential IV. Economic
negative consequences. V. Political
Exposure VI. Biological risk factors that either affect or
not affect them
 in its core meaning in natural hazard
research refers to entities exposed and Physical Factors
prone to be affected by a hazard event.  would pertain to tangible objects or
Susceptibility infrastructure, like the availability of fire
exits, or the sturdiness of the building, or the
 refers to selected structural characteristics presence or absence of objects that can
of a society and the framework conditions in harm you or help you, etc.
which the social actors face potential natural
hazards and climate phenomena. Psychological factors

Coping and coping capacities  include state of mental capacity and health,
perception of self, etc.
 include the capacities of societies and
exposed elements (such as systems and Socio-cultural factors
institutions) to minimize the negative impact  include religion, social status, traditions,
of natural hazards and climate change perception by society, etc.
through direct action and resources.
Economic factors
Adaptation
 include assets and liabilities, income,
 includes capacities, measures and economic class, etc.
strategies that enable communities to
change in order to address expected Political factors
negative consequences of natural hazards
 include government structure, diplomatic
and climate change.
issues, etc.
Biological factors
 include flora and fauna in environment,
health, diseases, etc.
Impacts of Disasters Disaster
 denotes a serious disruption involving
 Direct
widespread human, material, or
 Indirect
environmental losses and impacts
 Intangible losses on environment and United Nations International Strategy for
society as a whole Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
Direct Losses  the implementing body for the International
Strategy for Disaster Reduction
 Include physical effects such as destruction Disaster risk
and changes that reduce the functionality of  defined as the potential disaster losses in
an individual or structure terms of lives, health status, livelihood,
Indirect Losses and/or assets and services to a particular
community or society.
 Affect society by disrupting or damaging
utility services and local business Natural
NaturalProcesses
Processes
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics
Intangible Losses
Atmospheric
Atmosphericprocesses
processes
 Includes psychological challenges caused Biological accumulation
Biological accumulation
by both direct and intangible losses that Human
Humanactivities
activities
individuals suffer from a disaster
Hazard
 phenomenon or situation that has the
potential to cause disruption or damage to
people, their property, services, and
environment (USGS)
 A dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition that may cause
loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
Disaster
 A serious disruption of the functioning of a
Social Impacts community or a society involving
 Includes housing, health, education, widespread human, material, economic, or
transportation, and political inability environmental losses and impacts which
Physical Impacts exceeds the ability of the affected
 Deaths, Injuries, destruction community or society to cope using its own
Economic Impacts resources.
 Several experts say that the basic structure CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS
of the economy is a major determining Natural Hazards
factor on the degree of vulnerability to  Naturally-occurring physical phenomena
hazards caused either by rapid or slow onset events
Environmental Impacts 1. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
 Disasters create substantial environment  Process or phenomenon of
degradation and ecological imbalance which organic origin or conveyed by
lessens the quality of people's lives biological vectors/ agents,
Psychological Impacts including exposure to
 Intangible pathogenic microorganisms,
toxins and bioactive
substances
 2. GEOLOGICAL HAZARD
 Geological process or
phenomenon Natural
process, originates from the
solid earth- geosphere
3. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARD
 Process or phenomenon of
atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic nature.
Natural process, but involved
with the atmosphere and/or
hydrosphere
Man Made and Technological Hazards
 A hazard originating from technological or
industrial conditions, including accidents,
dangerous procedures, infrastructure
failures, or specific human activities.