Heizer Complaint

ELECTRONICALLY FILED - 2019 Mar 06 9:11 AM - BERKELEY - COMMON PLEAS - CASE#2019CP0800548
STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ) IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS

)
COUNTY OF BERKELEY ) C.A. No.: 2019-CP-08-_____
)
Berkeley County School District, )
)
Plaintiff, ) SUMMONS
) (Jury Trial Demanded)
vs. )
)
Compass Municipal Advisors, First Southwest )
Securities n/k/a Hilltop Securities, Burr & )
Forman, LLP f/k/a the McNair Law Firm, PA, )
Frannie Heizer, Brian Nurick, Michael )
Gallagher, and Brantley Thomas, )
)
Defendants. )
)
YOU ARE HEREBY SUMMONED and required to answer the Complaint in this action, of
which a copy is hereby served upon you, and to serve a copy of your Answer to the said Complaint
to said Plaintiff’s attorneys Joshua S. Whitley, Nicholas C. C. Stewart, and S. Tyler Graves, at their
office located at 126 Seven Farms Drive, Suite 150, Charleston, South Carolina 29492, within thirty
(30) days after the service hereof; exclusive of the day of such service; and if you fail to do so,
judgment by default will be rendered against you for the relief demanded in the Complaint.
Respectfully Submitted,
SMYTH WHITLEY, LLC
s/Joshua S. Whitley
Joshua S. Whitley, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 77824
Nicholas C. C. Stewart, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 102434
S. Tyler Graves, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 103173
126 Seven Farms Drive, Suite 150
Charleston, South Carolina 29492
(843) 606-5635
Counsel for Plaintiff
March 6, 2019
Charleston, South Carolina
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STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ) IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
)
COUNTY OF BERKELEY ) C.A. No.: 2019-CP-08-_____
)
Berkeley County School District, )
)
Plaintiff, ) COMPLAINT
)
vs. )
)
Compass Municipal Advisors, First Southwest )
Securities n/k/a Hilltop Securities, Burr & )
Forman, LLP f/k/a the McNair Law Firm, PA, )
Frannie Heizer, Brian Nurick, Michael )
Gallagher, and Brantley Thomas, )
)
Defendants. )
)
COMES NOW Plaintiff, Berkeley County School District, and for its Complaint against
Defendants, states as follows:
INTRODUCTION
During his tenure as the Chief Financial Officer of the Berkeley County School District
(“BCSD” or the “District”), defendant Brantley Thomas (“Thomas”) used his official position
to enrich himself and others at the expense of the District. Over a period of many years, he engaged
in a pervasive scheme of corruption, in which he embezzled and misappropriated District funds,
demanded and accepted multiple illegal kickbacks, and exposed the District to exorbitant fees and
losses that have cost the taxpayers of Berkeley County millions of dollars. Thomas successfully
concealed his illegal activities from the District for years, and it was not until February of 2017, when
the FBI met with District officials to inform them that Thomas was under investigation, that they
came to light.
A South Carolina grand jury handed down a Superseding Indictment for Embezzlement (Ten
Counts) in violation of S.C. Code Ann. § 16-13-210, and Forgery (One Count) in violation of S.C.
Code Ann. § 16-13-10, against Thomas on October 17, 2017. On November 15, 2017, a South
Carolina grand jury handed down a four-count Indictment charging Thomas with embezzlement in
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violation of S.C. Code Ann. § 16-13-210. On June 28, 2018, a South Carolina grand jury handed
down another indictment against Thomas, including thirteen counts of embezzlement in violation of
S.C. Code Ann. § 16-13-10 and one count of forgery in violation of S.C. Code Ann. § 16-13-10. On
December 7, 2017, the United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina issued an Information
in which it charged Thomas with ten counts of Wire Fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1343 and
1346. Thomas has entered pleas of guilty to all of the federal charges against him. Many of the
charges against Thomas arose out of his dealings with his co-defendants herein.
Of course, Thomas could not accomplish, and successfully conceal, such an elaborate scheme
of corruption alone. As Judge Sporkin famously asked during the Savings and Loan Crisis of the
1980s, “where were the professionals [accountants and lawyers] . . . when these clearly improper
transactions were being consummated? Why didn't any of them speak up or disassociate themselves
from the transactions?" Lincoln Sav. & Loan Ass'n. v. Wall, 743 F. Supp. 901, 920 (D.D.C. 1990).
Here, the question is “where were the District’s financial advisors and legal counsel?” The answer is
that they were actively and closely associated with Thomas and benefitted from recurring
and lucrative business and fees. These professionals knew that Thomas commingled revenues and
accounts, which were required to be segregated under both general accounting principles and debt
limit requirements of the South Carolina Constitution. The confusion and commingling disallowed
any oversight by the School Board, which allowed Thomas unfettered discretion to engage in his
corrupt activities. These professional advisors, charged with duties of loyalty and good faith, should
have served as a firewall to shield the District from Thomas’ corruption. Instead, they abandoned
their fiduciary duties in exchange for access to millions of dollars in public funds for their personal
gain, all at the expense of the District and the taxpayers of Berkeley County.
Through this action, the District seeks compensatory, treble, and punitive damages for the
tortious activities of these fiduciaries and Thomas, as alleged herein.
PARTIES
1. Plaintiff, Berkeley County School District (“BCSD” or the “District”), is a body politic and
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corporate located in Berkeley County, South Carolina, which is authorized to sue pursuant to S.C.
Code § 59-17-10.
2. Defendant Brantley Thomas (“Thomas”) beginning in 1992, was the Comptroller for the
District. In 2001, Thomas was named Director of Finance for the District. He became the Chief
Financial Officer of the District in 2008. Thomas’ employment was terminated by the District on
February 6, 2017 due to “conduct that was seriously prejudicial to the District, including, but not
limited to, unprofessional conduct, gross neglect of duty, or gross inefficiency.” At the time of his
termination, Thomas was receiving a full District salary in excess of $130,000 per year, plus full
retirement benefits as a working retiree. Upon information and belief, Thomas is a resident of
Berkeley County, South Carolina.
3. Defendant Compass Municipal Advisors, LLC (“Compass”) is a company organized and
doing business in the State of South Carolina, including the County of Berkeley, which had, at times
material to this Complaint, the majority of the market share of the school district municipal public
financial advising work in the State of South Carolina, and served as the financial advisor to the
District beginning in November 2014.
4. Defendant First Southwest Securities n/k/a Hilltop Securities (“First Southwest”) is one of the
nation’s largest municipal advisors and is where defendants Brian Nurick and Michael Gallagher were
formerly employed at times relevant to this Complaint. First Southwest served as the financial advisor
to the District from January 2012 through November 2014, and Nurick and Gallagher were both
employed by First Southwest during that period.
5. Defendant Brian Nurick (“Nurick”) is now, and has been a partner and principal in Compass
since November 2014, and serves as its managing director. From January 2012 through November
13, 2014, Nurick was employed by First Southwest. Prior to joining First Southwest, Nurick was
employed by Ross, Sinclaire & Associates, Inc. (“Ross Sinclaire”). Nurick conducts business
throughout the state of South Carolina, including Berkeley County.
6. Defendant Michael Gallagher (“Gallagher”) is now, and has been a partner and principal in
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Compass, since November 14, 2014, and serves as a director of Compass. Gallagher is also the former
brother-in-law of Defendant Thomas. From January 2012 through November 2014, Gallagher was a
partner in Defendant First Southwest n/k/a Hilltop. Like Nurick, Gallagher was employed by Ross
Sinclaire before joining First Southwest. Upon information and belief, Gallagher is a resident of
Berkeley County and conducts business throughout the state of South Carolina, including Berkeley
County.
7. Defendants Compass, Nurick, Gallagher, First Southwest, and Hilltop are referred to herein
collectively as the “Financial Advisor Defendants.”
8. Defendant Frannie Heizer (“Heizer”") is a partner and attorney at the Burr & Forman, LLP
f/k/a McNair Law Firm, PA. Upon information and belief, Heizer is a resident of Richland County
and conducts business throughout the state of South Carolina, including Berkeley County.
9. Defendant Burr & Forman, LLP f/k/a McNair Law Firm, PA (“Burr & Forman”) is a for-
profit law firm with offices throughout the State of South Carolina and conducts business in the State
of South Carolina, including the County of Berkeley.
10. Heizer and Burr & Forman are referred to herein together as the “Bond Counsel Defendants.”
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
11. This Court has subject matter and personal jurisdiction over the Defendants pursuant to S.C.
Const. Ann. Art. V & 11 and S.C. Code Ann. § 36-2-803, and venue is proper in this Court pursuant
to S.C. Code Ann. § 15-7-30, because the causes of action alleged herein arose in Berkeley County.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
12. Over the course of his tenure, Thomas oversaw all of the District’s accounts, inter alia, its
General Fund (which amounted to $260 million in the last year before his termination); its Fund
Balance (which amounted to $50 million in the last year before his termination); its Equipment Bond
(which amounted to $58 million in proceeds before his termination), and $100,000,000.00 in voter-
approved bond proceeds.
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13. On Sunday, February 5, 2017, Wells Fargo Bank, the financial institution for the District,
contacted the District and requested a meeting between BCSD officials and legal counsel and
representatives of Wells Fargo and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
14. On February 6, 2017, attorneys for the District, along with the Berkeley County School Board
Chair Sally Wofford, Vice Chair Mac McQuillin, and Superintendent Brenda Blackburn met with
Wells Fargo and the FBI, at which time they were informed of an investigation into criminal
misconduct by Thomas. Based on the information provided by Wells Fargo and the FBI, Thomas was
terminated on February 6, 2017.
15. Since that time, the District has unearthed and unraveled a complex and multi-faceted web of
fraud, corruption, conspiracy, and professional negligence, as explained below, involving all of the
Defendants named herein that was successfully concealed from the District for years.
VIOLATION OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA ETHICS ACT – CONFLICT OF INTEREST BASED ON

THE FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THOMAS AND DEFENDANT GALLAGHER
16. On or before 2006, Thomas caused the District to engage Ross Sinclaire as the District’s
financial advisor. At that time, Gallagher, Thomas’ brother-in-law, was employed by Ross Sinclaire.
17. In 2012, Thomas caused the District to engage First Southwest as the District’s financial
advisor, where Gallagher was employed.
18. On November 14, 2014, Nurick and Gallagher incorporated Compass in South Carolina.
Thereafter, pursuant to an “Agreement for Municipal Advisory Services” dated January 11, 2015 (the
“1/15 Agreement”), which was endorsed by Thomas and Nurick, Compass became the Municipal
Advisor for the BCSD. Exhibit A.
19. On April 7, 2016, the District and Compass entered into a second “Agreement for Municipal
Advisory Services” (the “4/16 Agreement”), which purported to update and replace the 1/15
Agreement. The 4/16 Agreement was signed on behalf of the District by Thomas alone, for the
provision of Compass’s services as municipal advisor. Exhibit B.
20. Nurick and Gallagher were employed by each of the foregoing entities while they served as
the District’s financial advisor.

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21. Compass advertises on its website that it “serves as a fiduciary, guiding each client through
their financial goals and objectives while positioning them for continued success through strategic
long term capital planning.” It claims further that, “[o]ur status as an independent municipal advisory
firm strategically positions us to secure optimal financial outcomes, without restrictions or conflicts
of interest.” http://www.compassmuni.com (emphasis added).
22. Compass also states on its website that “[c]onsistent with certain regulatory authorities,
Compass hereby discloses that such contingent and/or transactional compensation present a conflict
of interest, because it may cause Compass to recommend a transaction that is unnecessary or in a size
that be larger than is necessary. This conflict of interest will not impair Compass' ability to render
unbiased and competent advice or to fulfill its fiduciary duty.”
23. In the “Conflict of Interest” disclosures in the 1/15 Agreement, Compass represents as
follows:
As of the date hereof, the Municipal Advisor represents that it has no known material
conflicts of interest, based on the exercise of reasonable diligence. However, in
connection with the issuance of any Bond and pursuant to Section III, the Municipal
Advisor may receive compensation for the services enumerated herein, which
compensation contingent upon the successful closing of a transaction or is based on
the size of a transaction. Consistent with the requirements of certain regulatory
authorities, the Municipal Advisor hereby discloses that such contingent and/or
transactional compensation may present a conflict of interest, because it may cause the
Municipal Advisor to recommend a transaction that is unnecessary or in a size that be
[sic] larger than is necessary.
Exhibit A, p. 5.
24. The hiring of Ross Sinclaire, First Southwest, and Compass violated the State Ethics Act, S.C.
Code Ann. § 8-13-700, which provides in part that, “[n]o public official, public member, or public
employee may knowingly use his official office, membership, or employment to obtain an economic
interest for himself, a family member, an individual with whom he is associated, or a business with
which he is associated.” S.C. Code Ann. § 8-13-700(A).
25. The Financial Advisor Defendants were fully aware of Gallagher’s familial relationship with
Thomas and that Thomas, in engaging the services of the Financial Advisor Defendants, was using
his official office to obtain an economic interest for himself and the Financial Advisor Defendants
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that was in violation of the State Ethics Act.
26. All Defendants were aware of the conflict of interest and failed to advise the Board.
27. The Financial Advisor Defendants attempted to conceal the familial relationship between
Thomas and Gallagher by using Nurick to make all public presentations and outward associations
instead of Gallagher.
28. When Mac McQuillin, a member of the District’s Board of Trustees, questioned the potential
conflict of interest created by the familial relationship between Gallagher and Thomas, he was assured
that Thomas and his brother-in-law did not work together.
29. Even if Gallagher and Thomas did not work together, Gallagher financially benefited from all
transactions with the District, which was a direct violation of S.C. Code Ann. § 8-13-700.
30. Further, Gallagher did interact with Thomas through the South Carolina Association of
Governmental Organizations (hereinafter “SCAGO”) – a group created by the Financial Advisor
Defendants - and it was Gallagher who hand-delivered to Thomas the rebate checks that Thomas
embezzled, as discussed further infra.
BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY IN THE SETTING OF BOND COUNSEL’S FEES
31. In the Bond Counsel Defendant’s engagement letter accompanying the Resolution for the
issuance of $198,000,000 in general obligation bonds after the referendum, the Bond Counsel
Defendants stated, “Our fee as Bond Counsel, excluding disbursements, will be based upon the scale
provided by the financial advisor.” Exhibit C (Engagement letter dated January 8, 2013).
32. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants owed a fiduciary duty to
the District, which was breached by placing the Financial Advisor Defendant in the position of agent
for the District in the setting of the Bond Counsel Defendants’ fee.
33. The determination of the amount of the Bond Counsel Defendants’ fee should have been a
matter between Bond Counsel Defendants and its client, the District. Setting the legal fee based on a
scale provided by the Financial Advisor Defendants, and not an agreement between the District and
the Bond Counsel Defendants, created a conflict of interest and a breach of the fiduciary duties owed
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by the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants to the District.
CREATION OF SCAGO FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHARGING EXCESSIVE FEES
34. Nurick and Gallagher created SCAGO and marketed it as an organization with the main
objective of promoting financing and investment opportunities to benefit South Carolina's Public
School Districts.
35. The Financial Advisor Defendants represented to the District that membership in SCAGO
would save the District costs related to bond issuance and interest.
36. Specifically, the Financial Advisor Defendants represented that school districts, including the
BCSD, would save bond counsel fees, municipal advisor fees, and other costs of issuance of debt if
each member pooled and shared in the cost of one issuance through their membership in SCAGO.
37. Interest would be saved, according to the Financial Advisor Defendants, due to the
aggregation of the needs of the member districts to make a larger offering, which would, ostensibly,
result in a lower interest rate for all members.
38. Due to the relative size of the District, as compared to the smaller size of the vast majority of
other member districts, the District did not realize lower interest rates through membership in SCAGO
as represented by the Financial Advisor Defendants; for the smaller districts, however, having the
District as a member of SCAGO was beneficial.
39. The Financial Advisor Defendants knew that the District would not enjoy any savings in cost
or interest as a result of its membership in SCAGO, but they sought and depended upon the District’s
membership in SCAGO to advance their financial interests and client development. In fact, the
Financial Advisor Defendants used Thomas as a spokesperson to convince other school districts
across the State to become members of SCAGO.
40. Furthermore, the Financial Advisor Defendants’ representation that the District’s membership
in SCAGO would save the District costs was false because Compass charged more costs to the pooled
services than was appropriate for such transactions.
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EXCESSIVE ISSUANCES OF INSTALLMENT PURCHASE REVENUE BONDS TO CHURN
FINANCIAL ADVISOR AND LEGAL FEES
41. As the District’s financial advisors and bond counsel, the Financial Advisor Defendants and
Bond Counsel Defendants worked with the District multiple times a year on debt issuances and
advised the District on how and when to issue debt.
42. In order to maximize the District’s debt capacity, the District issued installment purchase
revenue (IPR) bonds that are then paid bi-yearly (on June 1 and December 1), with General Obligation
(GO) bonds.
43. Instead of issuing one GO bond a year to be able to make the IPR Bond payments on June 1st
and December 1st, the Financial Advisor Defendants advised that the District (and other South
Carolina school districts) should issue multiple GO bonds per year, and then caused such multiple
issuances. This action was reckless and imprudent in light of the then-current interest rates. The real
purpose for the multiple issuances was to allow the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond
Counsel Defendants to collect increased advisor and bond counsel fees.
44. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants used their relationship with
Thomas to cause multiple issuances, the chief purpose of which was to generate fees that benefitted
the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants. There was no benefit to the
District in issuing multiple bonds per year in the then-current tax environment, and neither the
Financial Advisor Defendants nor the Bond Counsel Defendants disclosed this to the Board or
provided any analysis concerning the need for multiple issuances. The only benefit of issuing
multiple general obligation bonds was to the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel
Defendants, as it permitted them to charge additional fees.
THE SCAGO TAN PROGRAM, CONCEALMENT OF THOMAS’

MISAPPROPRIATION OF FUNDS
45. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Thomas caused the District to participate in a TAN
program through SCAGO that the BCSD did not need and that ultimately resulted in excessive costs
and fees to the District and Thomas’ embezzlement of TAN rebate checks.
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46. Under South Carolina law, school districts “are authorized and empowered to incur general
obligation debt in anticipation of the collection of ad valorem taxes (tax anticipation notes). Tax
anticipation notes shall be expressed to mature not later than ninety days from the date as of which
such taxes may be paid without penalty.” S.C. Code Ann. § 11-27-50; S.C. Const. art. X, § 15 (7).
47. Thus, South Carolina school districts may incur short-term debt in anticipation of tax
collections to remedy cash flow shortfalls during a fiscal year.
48. Under federal tax law, in order to receive a TAN, a governmental entity must show a cash
flow deficit projected during the upcoming year and certify the same. 26 U.S.C. § 148(f)(3)(B)(iii).
49. The School Board of Trustees for the District relied on the expertise of the Financial Advisor
Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants in their determination that the District qualified for, and
needed to issue, TANs.
50. Thomas, with the assistance and knowledge of the Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond
Counsel Defendants, devised a scheme to make it appear that the District had a cash flow deficit, and
therefore qualified for TANs, when it actually did not.
51. All Defendants knew that the District had $25 million available in an investment account that
could have been used at all times for cash flow purposes, and, in fact, was used by Thomas for cash
flow purposes. Hence, the District never needed to issue a TAN.
52. The Defendants devised an investment policy disallowing the use of investment proceeds to
ostensibly force the need for the TAN. Assuming arguendo that not using investment funds was
appropriate, the District still did not need to participate robustly in the TAN program.
THE TAN REBATE SCHEME
53. Through the TAN program, SCAGO issued rebate checks to the District. Those checks,
however, were written to the District in care of Gallagher, a principal in SCAGO and Compass, and
also Thomas’ brother-in-law. Gallagher obtained possession of those checks and hand-delivered
them to Thomas, who then converted them to cashier’s checks and deposited the funds in his personal
account. In this way, Thomas was able to embezzle TAN rebate checks in the amount of $22,994.68,
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$49,422.25, and $59,104.49 from the District. Exhibit D (Check from Regions SCAGO TAN 2014
Sinking Fund dated April 28, 2015 ($22,994.68); email chain between Joshua Pack of Regions Bank
and Thomas; Wells Fargo receipt for deposit of $22,000.00; check from Thomas to himself for
$22,000.00 dated May 5, 2015); Exhibit E (Check from Regions SCAGO TAN 2013 Sinking Fund
dated April 25, 2014 ($49,422.25); Exhibit F (Check from Regions SCAGO TAN 2015 dated April
26, 2016 ($59,104.49); email from Thomas to Angie at Wells Fargo regarding cashier’s checks
totaling $59,104.49).
54. It is inappropriate for a financial advisor to handle any checks on behalf of his or her school
district. Financial advisors should be part of a conversation where trustees and others, including
officers within the school district, dictate how checks are handled, but there should be no opportunity
for financial advisors to ever handle checks on behalf of a school district.
55. Nevertheless, the Financial Advisor Defendants arranged for rebate checks of participating
SCAGO counties to be handled by Nurick and Gallagher and other Compass employees so that they
could ceremoniously present checks, upon information and belief, to participating counties, so that
their clients would believe they were doing something for them, even though it was the members’
own money.
56. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants thereby participated in,
aided, abetted, and enabled Thomas’ embezzlement of the TAN rebate checks received as a result of
the District’s participation in the TAN program.
COMMINGLING OF FUNDS AND OVERSPENDING
57. The District has certain operating and capital funds and accounts that are intended to meet
different needs and must be kept segregated in separate accounts and not commingled.
58. The District maintains a General Fund, which is the fund into which tax receipts are deposited,
and from which most of the District’s general operating expenses are paid. During the year prior to
Thomas’ termination, the General Fund amounted to $260 million.
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59. The District also maintains a Fund Balance. During the year prior to Thomas’ termination,
the Fund Balance amounted to $53 million.
60. In addition, the District may issue general obligation bonds, but the debt that a school district
may incur is constitutionally limited by Article X, section 15 of the South Carolina Constitution,
which provides in pertinent part, "the governing body of any school district may incur general
obligation debt in an amount not exceeding eight percent of the assessed value of all taxable property
of such school district subject to the provisions of subsection (3) of this section and upon such terms
and conditions as the General Assembly may prescribe." S.C. Const. art. X, § 15(6). If the school
district intends to exceed this constitutionally-limited amount, a majority of the voters in the school
district must provide otherwise by referendum. S.C. Const. art. X, § 15(5).
61. In November 2012, a majority of the voters in the District approved the “Yes 4 Schools”
referendum, pursuant to which the District was permitted to issue $198 million in bonds.
62. The District may also issue bonds for equipment (include heating and air conditioning,
technology, or kitchen equipment). The 2012 referendum, however, did not include equipment, so
the District issued an Equipment Bond in the amount of $53 million, which funds could only be used
for those items and not commingled.
63. In 2013, on the advice of the Financial Advisor Defendants, the District issued the first $100
million in debt on the referendum.
64. Although all of the foregoing bonds, accounts, and funds are required to be kept separate,
Thomas engaged in fraudulent handling of cost overruns during the construction projects approved
by the Yes 4 Schools referendum.
65. During 2014, $1.4 million of the bond referendum construction fund was transferred to the
District’s Fund Balance. The account that the funds were transferred into was unrelated to the
investment accounts that held the funds for the bond referendum projects.
66. Subsequently, the $1.4 million was transferred from the aforementioned Fund Balance to the
General Fund. Ultimately, this left the bond referendum construction fund $1.4 million short, which
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had to be replaced from the District’s Fund Balance. Exhibit G ($1.4M Transfer from the
Referendum Fund to the General Fund).
67. The District’s Fund Balance sustained a loss of $7.2 million as a result of Thomas’ fraudulent
activities. Thomas concealed construction cost overruns on the construction projects included in the
voter-authorized $198 million referendum by “borrowing” approximately $35 million — or 68
percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance, plus $11.8 million from
the Equipment Fund, without the knowledge or approval of district officials or board members.
68. By the time Thomas was terminated, Thomas had spent nearly $150 million towards projects
to be funded by the voter-authorized $198 million referendum. Ultimately, and to date, Thomas’
fraudulent activities left the building fund tens of millions of dollars short, which had to be replaced
from the District’s Fund Balance and by issuing additional 8-percent debt to cover the cost overruns.
Exhibit H ($11.8M Equipment Bond Fund Balance Improperly Transferred to General Fund (1 of 2
(Calculation) and 2 of 2 (Claim Letters/Support)).
69. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants knew that Thomas had spent
much more than the $100 million that had been issued in 2013 and that he was spending away the
District’s Fund Balance and Equipment Funds, but did not alert the District. (Exhibit I – February
8, 2016 Memo from Burr & Forman to Thomas concerning overruns (“I understand that the
renovation of Old Berkeley High School is now approximately $3,000,000 over budget and there are
not sufficient funds to complete the project.”); Exhibit J –November 29, 2016 email from Nurick to
Thomas (“Brantley, looking at balances at Regions is [sic] seems you are blowing through your bond
proceeds. Do you know when you need the balance of the referendum?”).
70. The Defendants, as fiduciaries of the District, should have advised the Board that Thomas’
expenditures had exceeded the debt issuance of $100 million, and that it was time to issue the
remaining $98 million. Instead, Defendants knowingly allowed Thomas to deplete the Fund Balance
and the Equipment Funds without advising the Board of his activities.
71. In order to avoid a major downgrading of the District’s financial ratings, the District had to
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expeditiously issue debt to reimburse the above inappropriate expenditures.
HIGHER INTEREST RATES DUE TO THE NEED TO ISSUE TAXABLE BONDS
72. Under federal law, an issuer may adopt a reimbursement resolution, or statement of official
intent, allowing it to reimburse itself for expenditures made before issuance of tax-exempt debt. 26
CFR § 1.150-2.
73. The Regulation requires that the issuer make a prior declaration of its official intent to
reimburse itself for such prior expenditures out of the proceeds of a subsequently issued borrowing
no later than 60 days after payment of the original expenditure, that the borrowing occur and the
reimbursement allocation be made from the proceeds of such borrowing within eighteen months of
the payment of the expenditure or, if longer, within eighteen months of the date the project is placed
in service, but in no event more than three years after the date the original expenditure was paid and
that the expenditure must either be a capital expenditure, or a cost of issuance of the obligation. 26
CFR 1.150-2.
74. Thus, under federal tax law, an issuer may not generally reimburse itself with proceeds of tax-
exempt bonds for expenditures made more than 60 days prior to the issuer adopting an official intent.
75. The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants knew, within 60 days of
Thomas’ original expenditures for the construction projects included in the $198 million referendum,
that he had exceeded the initial debt issuance of $100 million. Exhibit I (Heizer memorandum to
Thomas dated February 8, 2016); Exhibit J (November 29, 2016 email from Nurick to Thomas, with
carbon copy to Defendant Heizer).
76. Despite their knowledge, neither the Financial Advisor Defendants nor the Bond Counsel
Defendants alerted the District that a reimbursement resolution, or any other mechanism or step, was
necessary to prevent the issuance of the remaining $98 million as taxable bonds. Had the District
been so informed, it could have executed a resolution, or taken other necessary steps, in time to ensure
that the remaining debt was issued as tax-exempt.
77. As a result, on May 18, 2017, when the District issued the final $98 million installment of
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general obligation bonds from the county’s 2012 Yes 4 Schools campaign, $30.8 million of the $98
million bond sale was issued as taxable bonds, which was made necessary due to the concealed cost
overruns and misappropriation of funds and the lack of an effective reimbursement resolution.
78. The issuance of taxable bonds was required because Thomas used the Fund Balance for capital
projects without an effective reimbursement resolution or other mechanism, all of which was known
by the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants well in advance of the
deadline for the adoption of a reimbursement resolution or the taking of any additional step that would
have avoided the taxable issuance.
79. The Bond Counsel Defendants and the Financial Advisor Defendants knew or should have
known that a reimbursement resolution, or some other mechanism, was required under federal tax
law to allow the debt to remain tax-exempt. See Exhibit K (Memorandum from Frannie Heizer dated
April 25, 2017 regarding Issues Regarding Reimbursements from Proceeds of $98,000,000 General
Obligation Bond Issue).
80. The issuance of $30.8 million in taxable bonds resulted in more than $1 million in higher
interest rate costs and a loss of bond premium of $3-5 million on the same.
VIOLATION OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA ETHICS ACT –EXTRAVAGANT JUNKETS,

SCHOLARSHIPS, AND SPONSORSHIPS
81. The Financial Advisor Defendants, through SCAGO, also inappropriately charged the District
for unnecessary and extravagant junkets, including trips to New York City, by passing the costs of
those trips to the taxpayers of Berkeley County and other districts.
82. The Financial Advisor Defendants interviewed bank executives for issuance of bonds in New
York City, when it was more appropriate to do so in Charlotte, NC, where the banks were actually
located. To conduct those interviews, the Financial Advisor Defendants booked expensive hotel
rooms, first class airfare, meals, and Broadway Shows, and then added those costs to the issuances
funded by the school districts.
83. SCAGO also used the school districts’ money to become a large sponsor of the South Carolina
15
Association of School Administrators and the South Carolina Association of School Business
Officers, which cost taxpayers $25,000 per year. These sponsorships did nothing more than promote
Defendants’ financial interests.
84. The Financial Advisor Defendants, through SCAGO, used similar tactics to award
scholarships to the children of the financial officers of participating counties on an annual basis. These
arrangements clearly indicate a kickback scheme and, at a minimum, a misuse of resources of the
taxpaying counties, which were participating in SCAGO for the sole purpose of cutting costs.
85. Defendants, including the Bond Counsel Defendants, were all knowingly a part of the scheme
to fleece the District through excessive fees and costs to further their financial interests at the expense
of the citizens of Berkeley County and similarly situated counties in South Carolina, and all of the
Defendants were in violation of the South Carolina Ethics Act, including, inter alia, S.C. Code § 8-
13-705, which prohibits the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving anything of value to influence
action of public employee, member or official.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE PURCHASE OF 2015 PICKENS COUNTY IPR BOND
86. The Financial Advisor Defendants provided financial advising services to numerous South
Carolina school district and counties, including the BCSD and Pickens County School District.
87. On or about December 1, 2015, upon the advice of the Financial Advisor Defendants, the
District purchased an IPR bond issued on behalf of the Pickens County School District by SCAGO
Educational Facilities Corporation in the principal amount of 3,250,000.00. Compass served as
Financial Advisor and the Bond Counsel Defendants served as bond counsel on the offering. Exhibit
L (Emails and documents relating to Pickens offering).
88. In addition, Thomas served on the Board of the SCAGO Educational Facilities Corporation
at the time of the offering, which was a conflict of interest.
89. As financial advisors for both the District and Pickens County School District, the Financial
Advisor Defendants recommended the sale price to Pickens and advised Thomas to bid on it.
90. The District could have purchased the Pickens County School District bond at a lower price
16
on the open market; however, the Financial Advisor Defendants were artificially setting the price for
both the buyer and the seller, which was a conflict of interest.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE PURCHASE OF OCONEE COUNTY BOND
91. As noted supra, the Financial Advisor Defendants provided financial advising services to
numerous South Carolina school district and counties. This included Oconee County, South Carolina.
92. On or about December 22, 2015, upon the advice of the Financial Advisor Defendants, the
District purchased a general obligation bond issued by Oconee County in the principal amount of
$900,000.00. The Financial Advisor Defendants served as financial advisor, and Bond Counsel
Defendants served as bond counsel for Oconee County on the offering. Exhibit M (Oconee Notice
of Sale). As financial advisors for both the District and Oconee County, the Financial Advisor
Defendants recommended the sale price to Oconee and advised the District to bid on it. Exhibit N
(Nurick email forward dated November 18, 2015).
93. The District could have purchased the Oconee County bond at a lower price on the open
market; however, the Financial Advisor Defendants were artificially setting the price for both the
buyer and the seller without disclosing the conflict of interest.
MULTIPLE KICKBACK SCHEMES
94. In addition and unrelated to their role as financial advisors, the Financial Advisor Defendants
introduced Thomas to vendors who provided kickbacks to Thomas in exchange for District business.
Upon information and belief, the Financial Advisor Defendants introduced Thomas to waste
management vendors, cell phone tower sales companies, and vending machine and IT equipment
vendors, among others.
95. In this way, upon information and belief, Thomas received kickbacks, which included
expensive meals, annual trips to the Kentucky Derby, cigar subscriptions, and Omaha Steak
subscriptions.
17
CAUSES OF ACTION
FOR A FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION

COMMON LAW FRAUD
All Defendants
96. Plaintiff hereby incorporates by reference, as if fully set forth herein, each and every allegation
asserted in the preceding and following paragraphs, including each and every factual and legal
allegation hereinbefore and hereinafter alleged, and hereby re-adopts and re-alleges each such
allegation.
97. Thomas made false representations of material fact to, and fraudulently concealed material
facts from, the District, including, but not limited to, the following:
a. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest created by the engagement of Compass
due to the familial relationship between Thomas and Gallagher, in violation of the State Ethics
Act;
b. Representing to the District that membership in SCAGO, an organization created and
managed by the Financial Advisor Defendants, was of financial benefit to the District, when
in fact Thomas knew that such membership was a financial detriment to the District;
c. Representing to the District that multiple issuances of bonds was a financial benefit to the
District, when he knew that the cost of issuance would outweigh any financial benefit the
District might realize;
d. Representing to the District that the multiple issuances of bonds were a financial benefit to
the District, where the real reason for the excessive issuances was to allow the Financial
Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants to churn fees;
e. Misappropriating and concealing the misappropriation of public funds, including the invasion
of the Fund Balance and spending $150 million on projects to be funded by the $198 million
Yes 4 Schools referendum when only $100 million had been issued, resulting in the need to
issue taxable bonds at a higher interest rate and resulting in a loss to the District of $1 million
in higher interest rate costs and a loss of bond premium of $3-5 million on the same;
18
f. Representing to the District that it needed to participate in the SCAGO TAN program due to
cash flow deficits, and concealing the fact that no cash flow deficit actually existed;
g. Embezzling District funds, concealing his embezzlement, and conspiring and engaging in a
scheme with the Financial Advisor Defendants that allowed him to embezzle said funds;
h. Causing the District’s purchase of a bond from Oconee County in the principal amount of
$900,000, and a bond from the Pickens County School District in the principal amount of
$3,250,000, and concealing from the District that the bonds could have been purchased for
less on the open market, and concealing from the District the Financial Advisors Defendants
and Bond Counsel Defendants’ conflict of interest in representing the interests of both the
District and the issuers in both offerings;
i. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by his service on the Board of
the SCAGO Educational Facilities Corporation (SCAGO-EFC) in December 2015, at the
same time SCAGO-EFC served as the issuer on behalf of the Pickens County School District
of the bond purchased by the District, leaving the District with no one representing its interests
in the transaction with undivided loyalty;
j. Concealing the cost of various junket trips to New York City, where the sole purpose was to
develop the Financial Advisor Defendants’ and Bond Counsel Defendants’ client base,
provide a personal kickback to Thomas and others, and charge the cost back to the taxpayers
of Berkeley County, in violation of S.C. Code § 8-13-705, which prohibits the offering, giving,
soliciting, or receiving anything of value to influence action of public employee, member or
official,
k. Concealing the inappropriate and illegal contracts entered into, and kickbacks he received as
the Chief Financial Officer of the District, which were known by the Financial Advisor
Defendants without the knowledge of the District;
l. Concealing construction cost overruns by “borrowing” approximately $35 million — or 68
percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance, plus $11 million
19
from a fund intended to pay for equipment, without the knowledge or approval of district
officials or board members, which ultimately resulted in the need to issue $31 million in
taxable bonds at a cost to the District of $1 million in lost interest, and a loss of bond premium
in the amount of $3.5 to $5 million.
98. The Financial Advisor Defendants made false representations of material fact to, and
fraudulently concealed material facts from, the District, including, but not limited to, the following:
a. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest created by the engagement of Compass as
the District’s financial advisor, where the relationship created economic benefits for
Gallagher, Thomas’ then brother-in-law, in violation of the State Ethics Act;
in fact the Financial Advisor Defendants knew that such membership was a financial
detriment to the District and only benefited the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond
Counsel Defendants by allowing them to develop their client base and churn and collect
excessive advising and legal fees;
c. Advising the District to issue multiple general obligation bonds per year, and concealing from
the District that the only benefit of such excessive issuances was to the Financial Advisor
Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants by allowing them to churn and collect excessive
advising and legal fees;
d. Representing to the District that it needed to participate in the SCAGO TAN program – despite
their knowledge that the District did not have a cash flow deficit - so that they could churn
and collect excessive advising fees;
e. Participating in a scheme with Thomas and the Bond Counsel Defendants whereby Gallagher
would sign and deliver to Thomas TAN rebate checks from SCAGO intended for the District,
thereby allowing Thomas to embezzle them, and concealing Thomas’ embezzlement from the
District;
20
f. Representing the interests of both District and Oconee County in the District’s purchase of a
$900,000 bond from Oconee County, and the District and Pickens County School District in
the District’s purchase of a bond from Pickens County School District in the principal amount
of $3,250,000, and advising the District to make the purchases, where the District could have
purchased the bonds for less on the open market, and without disclosing the conflict to the
District;
g. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by Thomas’ service on the
Board of the SCAGO Educational Facilities Corporation (SCAGO-EFC) in December 2015,
at the same time SCAGO-EFC served as the issuer on behalf of the Pickens County School
District of the bond purchased by the District, leaving the District with no one representing its
interests with undivided loyalty;
h. Concealing the costs of various junket trips to New York City, the sole purpose of which was
to develop the Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants’ client base and
charge the cost back to the taxpayers of Berkeley County, which were in violation of S.C.
Code § 8-13-705, which prohibits the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving anything of
value to influence action of public employee, member or official;
i. Concealing the inappropriate and illegal contracts entered into, and kickbacks received, by
Thomas, which were known by the Financial Advisor Defendants without the knowledge of
the District;
j. Concealing construction cost overruns resulting in Thomas’ borrowing of approximately $35
million — or 68 percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance
fund, plus $11 million from a fund intended to pay for equipment, without the knowledge or
approval of district officials or board members, which ultimately resulted in the need to issue
$31 million in taxable bonds at a cost to the District of $1 million in lost interest, and a loss
of bond premium in the amount of $3 to $5 million.
99. The Bond Counsel Defendants made false representations and engaged in fraudulent
21
concealment of material facts, including, but not limited to, the following:
Gallagher, Thomas’ then brother-in-law, in violation of the State Ethics Act;
b. Advising the District to issue multiple general obligation bonds per year, and concealing from
c. Representing to the District that it needed to participate in the SCAGO TAN program – despite
and collect excessive legal fees;
d. Participating in a scheme with Thomas and the Financial Advisor Defendants whereby
Gallagher would sign and deliver to Thomas TAN rebate checks from SCAGO intended for
the District, thereby allowing Thomas to embezzle them, and concealing Thomas’
embezzlement from the District;
e. Representing the interests of both the District and Oconee County in the District’s purchase
of a bond in the principal amount of $900,000 from Oconee County, and the District and
Pickens County School District in the District’s purchase of an IPR bond in the principal
amount of $3,250,000, and advising the District to make the purchases, where the District
could have purchased the bonds for less on the open market, and without disclosing the
conflict to the District;
f. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by Thomas’ service on the
22
g. Concealing the costs of various junket trips to New York City, the sole purpose of which was
charge the cost back to the taxpayers of Berkeley County, in violation of S.C. Code § 8-13-
705, which prohibits the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving anything of value to
influence action of public employee, member or official;
h. Concealing construction cost overruns that resulted in Thomas’ “borrowing” of approximately
$35 million — or 68 percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance,
plus $11 million from a fund intended to pay for equipment, without the knowledge or
$31 million in taxable bonds at a cost to the District of $1 million in lost interest and a loss of
bond premium in the amount of $3 to $5 million; and,
i. Concealing from the District that a reimbursement resolution was required to avoid the
issuance of taxable debt, resulting in the issuance of taxable bonds and a loss of $1 million in
higher interest rate costs and a loss of bond premium of $3 to $5 million on the $31 million
offering.
100. Defendants knew that the foregoing material facts were false, or recklessly disregarded their
truth or falsity, or fraudulently concealed the truth from the District, with the intent that their
representations and/or concealments be acted upon.
101. The District had no knowledge of the falsity of the material facts misrepresented and
concealed by Defendants and relied upon them to its detriment and consequent and proximate injury.
102. The damages sustained by the District as a result of fraud perpetrated by Defendants include,
but are not limited to, the following:
a. Fees and costs associated with the excessive issuances of bonds;
b. Loss of funds embezzled by Thomas in the amount of $131,521.42;
c. Interest on the issuance of taxable debt in May of 2017 in the amount of $1 million, and loss
of bond premium in the amount of $3 to $5 million;
23
d. The loss associated with the purchase of a bond in the principal amount of $900,000 from
Oconee County and a bond in the principal amount of $3,250,000 from Pickens County School
District, at an enhanced price where the Financial Advisor and Bond Counsel Defendants
represented both parties in both offerings and failed to disclose their conflict of interest, and
the loss associated with the conflict of interest created by Thomas’ service on the Board of
SCAGO-EFC;
e. The cost of expensive and unnecessary junket trips to New York for the sole purpose of the
Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants’ client development, at the
expense of the taxpayers of Berkeley County and not reported on the SEI and in violation of
S.C. Code § 8-13-705, which prohibits the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving anything
of value to influence action of public employee, member or official;
f. The cost of scholarships to the children of financial officers of the District, charged to the
District, which was a kickback arrangement with SCAGO;
g. The cost of sponsorship of the South Carolina Association of School Administrators and the
South Carolina Association of School Business Officers, in the amount of $25,000 per year,
which provided no benefit to the District and did nothing more than promote the financial
interests of the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants; and
h. The costs associated with the illegal and inappropriate contracts and kickbacks received by
Thomas as the Chief Financial Officer of the District.
103. Each Defendant is jointly and severally liable to the District for all of the acts of common law
fraud alleged herein.
FOR A SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION

CONVERSION
All Defendants
24
allegation.
105. Defendants engaged in an unauthorized assumption and exercise of the right of ownership
over the District funds, including all funds embezzled by Thomas, to the exclusion of the District’s
rights.
106. The Defendants assumed and exercised the right of ownership over funds belonging to District
in the form of TAN rebate checks that Thomas converted between July 2012 and December 2016 to
cashier’s checks, depositing the funds in his personal account, resulting in a loss to the District of
$131,521.42.
107. Defendants are jointly and severally liable to the District for the conversion of the District’s
funds as aforesaid.
FOR A THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION

BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants
allegation.
109. The District imposed a special confidence in the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond
Counsel Defendants so that these Defendants, in equity and good conscience, were bound to act in
good faith and with due regard to the interests of Plaintiff, thereby giving rise to fiduciary
relationships with Plaintiff.
110. As the fiduciaries of the District, the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel
Defendants owed a clear duty to the District of undivided loyalty, absolute faithfulness, and a duty to
exercise due care and diligence with respect to the advice related to and the management of District
funds.
25
111. With the fiduciary relationship assumed by the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond
Counsel Defendants, also came the duties and obligations to keep the District informed of all facts
pertinent to and materially affecting the District’s financial well-being, to avoid conflicts of interest,
to disclose to the District any actual or potential conflicts of interest, and to exercise reasonable care,
diligence, and prudence in the performance of their duties.
112. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants breached their fiduciary
duties to the District, inter alia, in the following ways:
Gallagher, Thomas’ brother-in-law, in violation of the State Ethics Act;
26
District;
District;
g. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by Thomas’ service on the
the District;
j. Concealing construction cost overruns resulting in Thomas’ borrowing of approximately $35
million — or 68 percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance,
27
113. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants acted with imprudence,
negligence, gross negligence, recklessness, willful misconduct, fraudulent intent and bad faith and
thereby breached the fiduciary duties owed to the District proximately causing it to suffer damages,
including, but not limited to:
a. Excessive and unnecessary financial advising and legal fees;
b. Higher interest rates in the amount of $1 million as a result of having to issue taxable bonds
due to Thomas’ mismanagement of the District’s funds, of which all Defendants were aware,
and the failure of the Bond Counsel Defendants to provide a reimbursement resolution;
c. The loss of bond premium in the amount of $3 to $5 million;
d. The loss of $131,521.42 in rebates for the TAN program, which was embezzled by Thomas
and enabled, aided, and abetted by the Financial Advisor Defendants;
e. The loss associated with the purchase of a bond in the principal amount of $900,000 from
represented both parties in both offerings and failed to disclose their conflict of interest as
well as the loss associated with the conflict of interest presented by Thomas’ service on the
Board of SCAGO-EFC in December 2015, so that there was no one representing, with
undivided loyalty, the District’s interests in the District’s purchase of the Pickens County
School District bond;
f. The cost of expensive and unnecessary junket trips to New York for the sole purpose of the
g. The cost of scholarships and sponsorships entered into for the sole purpose of the Financial
Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants’ client development and for the
28
provision of kickbacks to financial employees of the District, at the expense of the taxpayers
of Berkeley County;
h. The cost of sponsorship of the South Carolina Association of School Administrators and the
interests of the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants;
i. The costs associated with the illegal and inappropriate contracts and kickbacks received by
FOR A FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION

AIDING AND ABETTING BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
All Defendants
allegation.
115. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants each owed fiduciary
duties to the District.
116. The Financial Advisor Defendants knowingly participated in the breaches of fiduciary duty
by the Bond Counsel.
117. The Bond Counsel Defendants knowingly participated in the breaches of fiduciary duty by
the Financial Advisor Defendants.
118. As the Chief Financial Officer of the District, Thomas owed a duty to the District to act in
good faith and with due regard to the interests of the District, thereby giving rise to a fiduciary
relationship with the District.
119. As the District’s fiduciary, Thomas owed a clear duty to the District of undivided loyalty,
absolute faithfulness, and a duty to exercise due care and diligence with respect to all financial matters
29
impacting the District.
120. Each Defendant was aware of the fiduciary duties of their co-defendants, and were aware that
they were violating their fiduciary duties by their participation in the scheme to defraud the District
by churning fees, participation in SCAGO and the TAN program, embezzlement of TAN rebate
checks, taking junket trips to New York that were not reported on SEI, and funding scholarships and
sponsorships for the sole purpose of client development.
121. Nevertheless, each Defendant knowingly provided substantial assistance to, and participated
in, the conduct of their co-defendants that constituted violations of these fiduciary duties.
122. As a direct and proximate result of the Defendants’ aiding and abetting of the breaches of
fiduciary duties of their co-defendants herein, the District incurred the following damages:
due to Thomas’ mismanagement of District funds, of which all Defendants were aware, and
the failure of the Bond Counsel Defendants to provide a reimbursement resolution or other
mechanism to avoid the issuance of taxable debt;
represented both parties in both offerings and failed to disclose their conflict of interest; and
the loss associated with the concealment of the conflict of interest presented by Thomas’
service on the Board of SCAGO-EFC in the Pickens County School District offering, leaving
the District without anyone representing its interests with undivided loyalty in the transaction;
30
of Berkeley County;
interests of the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants;
i. The costs associated with the illegal and inappropriate contracts and kickbacks received by
123. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants are jointly and severally
liable to the District for aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty.
FOR A FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION

NEGLIGENCE
The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants
allegation.
125. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants owed a duty of due care
to the District to exercise that degree of skill normally expected advisors performing financial
advisory services and attorneys performing legal services for municipal clients.
31
126. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants, in performing financial
advisor services and legal services for the District, failed to exercise the degree of care, skill, and
competence exercised by competent members of their professions, as follows:
District;
32
District;
g. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by his service on the Board of
the District;
j. Concealing from the District that a reimbursement resolution, or some other mechanism, was
required to avoid the issuance of taxable debt, resulting in the issuance of taxable bonds and
a loss of $1 million in interest on a $31 million offering.
k. Concealing construction cost overruns resulting in Thomas’ borrowing of approximately $35
million — or 68 percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance,
127. As a direct and proximate result of the negligence of the Financial Advisor Defendants and
33
Bond Counsel Defendants, the District suffered, inter alia, the following damages:
the failure of the Bond Counsel Defendants to provide a reimbursement resolution or other
mechanism to avoid the issuance of taxable debt;
represented both parties in both offerings and failed to disclose their conflict of interest;
of Berkeley County;
interests of the Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants.
34
FOR A SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION
CIVIL CONSPIRACY
All Defendants
allegation.
129. All Defendants herein combined for the purpose of injuring the District, and caused it special
damage.
130. The Financial Advisor Defendants, in combination with the other defendants, used their
relationship with Thomas to convince other Districts that held Thomas in high regard to use their
financial advising services and to participate in SCAGO.
131. In turn, the Bond Counsel Defendants were given a large market share of the school finance
work to participate with the co-defendants.
132. All of the Defendants were aware that Thomas was using District time and resources to enrich
the Defendants and was using the District to transfer risk of other smaller counties through higher
interest rates by participating in SCAGO.
133. The District suffered special damage as a result of the conspiracy between Defendants in the
form of loss of time and resources that should have been expended on behalf of the District, but which
were instead spent on the generation of business opportunities for the Financial Advisor and Bond
Counsel Defendants with other counties at the expense of the District.
FOR A SEVENTH CAUSE OF ACTION

VIOLATIONS OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA UNFAIR TRADE
PRACTICES ACT, S.C. CODE ANN. § 39-5-20, et seq. (“SCUTPA”)
The Financial Advisor Defendants and Bond Counsel Defendants
35
allegation.
135. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants engaged in unfair and
deceptive acts in the conduct of their trades and commerce, in violation of the South Carolina Unfair
Trade Practices Act, S.C. Code Ann. § 39-5-20 (“SCUTPA”), including the following:
b. Advising the District to issue multiple general obligation bonds per year, and concealing from
c. Representing to the District that it needed to participate in the SCAGO TAN program – despite
and collect excessive legal fees;
d. Participating in a scheme with Thomas whereby Gallagher would sign and deliver to Thomas
TAN rebate checks from SCAGO intended for the District, thereby allowing Thomas to
embezzle them, and concealing Thomas’ embezzlement from the District;
e. Representing the interests of both the District and Oconee County in the District’s purchase
of a $900,000 bond from Oconee County, and the District and Pickens County School District
in the District’s purchase of a $3,250,000 bond from Pickens County School District, and
advising the District to make the purchases, where the District could have purchased the bonds
for less on the open market, and without disclosing the conflict to the District;
f. Concealing from the District the conflict of interest presented by his service on the Board of
36
g. Concealing the costs of various junket trips to New York City, the sole purpose of which was
charge the cost back to the taxpayers of Berkeley County, in violation of S.C. Code § 8-13-
705, which prohibits the offering, giving, soliciting, or receiving anything of value to
influence action of public employee, member or official;
h. Concealing the inappropriate and illegal contracts entered into, and kickbacks received, by
Thomas on behalf of the District, which were known by the Financial Advisor Defendants
without the knowledge of the District;
i. Concealing construction cost overruns that resulted in Thomas’ “borrowing” of approximately
$35 million — or 68 percent of the total amount available — from the District’s Fund Balance,
$31 million in taxable bonds at a cost to the District of $1 million in lost interest and a loss of
bond premium in the amount of $3 to $5 million;
j. Concealing from the District that a reimbursement resolution, or some other mechanism, was
required to avoid the issuance of taxable debt, resulting in the issuance of taxable bonds and
a loss of $1 million in interest on a $31 million offering.
136. Defendants’ actions as aforesaid were immoral, unethical, and oppressive.
137. Plaintiff and Defendants qualify as “persons” for purposes of the SCUTPA.
138. The foregoing unfair or deceptive acts affected the public interest, in particular, the interests
of the taxpayers of Berkeley County.
139. The District suffered monetary or property loss as a result of the Defendants’ unfair or
deceptive act(s) as stated in previously and as follows:
37
the failure of the Bond Counsel Defendants to provide a reimbursement resolution or some
other mechanism to avoid the issuance of taxable debt;
of Berkeley County;
140. Defendants’ violation of the SCUTPA was willful and knowing, thereby subjecting
Defendants to treble damages under South Carolina law. S.C. Code Ann. § 39-5-20; § 39-57-80.
38
141. Plaintiff is also entitled to the payment of its attorneys’ fees and costs associated with this
action.
FOR AN EIGHTH CAUSE OF ACTION

CONSTRUCTIVE TRUST
All Defendants
allegation.
143. Plaintiff was in a confidential and fiduciary relationship with the Financial Advisor
Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants in which Plaintiff reposed special confidence in these
Defendants, so that Defendants, in equity and good conscience, were bound to act in good faith and
with due regard to the interests of the District.
144. The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants acquired funds from the
District through a breach of trust and violations of their fiduciary duties.
145. Through their fraudulent schemes as aforesaid, the Financial Advisor Defendants and the
Bond Counsel Defendants obtained money which does not equitably belong to them and which they
cannot in good conscience retain or withhold from the District, which is beneficially entitled to it.
146. The damages suffered by the District include, but are not limited to, the following:
39
of Berkeley County;
FOR A NINTH CAUSE OF ACTION

UNJUST ENRICHMENT
The Financial Advisor Defendants and the Bond Counsel Defendants
allegation.
148. In connection with the fraudulent scheme as aforesaid, each of the Defendants received
moneys paid by the District, purportedly for, among other things, the provision of professional
40
services. In fact, Defendants knew that, rather than receiving valuable professional services, Plaintiff
was being charged for unnecessary services associated with Defendants’ marketing and client
development efforts.
149. Consequently, Defendants were unjustly enriched at the expense of the District. Defendants
should, therefore, not be entitled to retain any of these moneys and should be required to repay all
fees and other payment so received from the District for the period from 2007 to 2016.
150. Each Defendant is jointly and severally liable to the District for unjust enrichment.
FOR A TENTH CAUSE OF ACTION

BREACH OF CONTRACT
The Financial Advisor Defendants
allegation.
152. On January 11, 2015 and April 7, 2016, the District and Compass entered into an “Agreement
for Municipal Advisory Services” signed on behalf of the District by Thomas alone, for the provision
of Compass’s services as municipal advisor. Exhibits A and B.
153. In the April 7, 2016, which updated and replaced a previous agreement made and entered into
on January 11, 2015, Compass agreed, inter alia, to “determine, analyze and recommend options
regarding a capital needs finance plan which is both financially sound and mindful of the impact on
the Issuer’s taxpayers or rate payers, as applicable;” “evaluate capital funding alternatives, develop
and recommend a financial plan including advice on debt structuring,” “continually monitor the
market to determine if, and when, refinancing of existing debt is favorable and advise the Issuer of
such determination,” “assist in the planning and structuring of bond issues and assist with obtaining
required authorizations, as well as assist the Issuer’s bond counsel (the “Bond Counsel”) in preparing
the bond resolution or ordinance (as applicable),” “provide advice on method of sale and recommend
41
timing of Bonds;” “assist the Issuer in development of a request for proposals or other acceptable
selection method for a finance team and/or an underwriter, as necessary (the “Underwriter”), and
assist in the evaluation of proposal submissions;” “identify tasks, responsibilities, and dates for
completing activities leading up to Bond authorizations and issuances;” “design a debt structure,
provide advice on approach to ratings and conduct rating presentations and appropriate follow-up,”
“advise in the development of debt limits, debt service coverage ratios, reserve funds or other debt
policies, as needed;” “provide advice on tax exempt lease/purchase transaction options or other such
financial matters as may be required by the Issuer,” “perform all other such duties and services
customarily and usually performed by a Municipal Advisor with respect to the services outlined or at
the request of the Issuer,” and “otherwise provide services in the capacity commonly referred to as
Financial Advisor in the industry.” Exhibit B (4/7/16 Agreement for Municipal Advisory Services).
154. Compass breached its responsibilities under the Agreement and its predecessor by advising
the District that multiple issuances of bonds was a financial benefit to the District, without informing
the District that the cost of issuance would outweigh any financial benefit it might realize;
misrepresenting to the District that multiple issuances of bonds was a financial benefit to the District,
where it was not, and where the real reason for the excessive issuances was to churn fees, resulting in
excessive financial advising and legal fees; representing to the District that it needed to participate in
the SCAGO TAN program, even though the District did not have a cash flow deficit; engaging in a
scheme with Thomas that allowed Thomas to embezzle TAN rebate checks in the amount of
$131,521.42; representing the interests of both the District and Oconee County in the District’s
purchase of a $900,000 bond from Oconee County and advising the District to make the purchase;
and representing the interests of both the District and Pickens County in the District’s purchase of a
$3,250,000 bond from Pickens County and advising the District to make the purchase.
155. As a direct and proximate result of the foregoing breaches of contract, the District suffered
damages including, but not limited to, the following:
42
of Berkeley County;
43
JURY DEMAND
Plaintiff hereby requests a jury trial, as a matter of right, on all claims alleged herein.
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff, Berkeley County School District, by counsel, respectfully requests
this Court to enter judgment in its favor against Defendants in the amount of $50,000,000.00, and
trebled damages or other amount to be determined at trial, plus punitive damages, pre-judgment and
post-judgment interest at the maximum rate allowed by law, reasonable attorneys’ fees, Court costs,
and such further relief as the Court deems just.
Respectfully Submitted,
SMYTH WHITLEY, LLC
s/Joshua S. Whitley
Joshua S. Whitley, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 77824
Nicholas C. C. Stewart, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 102434
S. Tyler Graves, Esquire
SC Bar No.: 103173
126 Seven Farms Drive, Suite 150
Charleston, South Carolina 29492
(843) 606-5635
(843) 654-4095
Counsel for Plaintiff, Berkeley County

School District
Charleston, South Carolina

March 6, 2019
44

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ELECTRONICALLY FILED - 2019 Mar 06 9:11 AM - BERKELEY - COMMON PLEAS - CASE#2019CP0800548

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ) IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS

SMYTH WHITLEY, LLC

Counsel for Plaintiff

Defendants, states as follows:

in a pervasive scheme of corruption, in which he embezzled and misappropriated District funds,

tortious activities of these fiduciaries and Thomas, as alleged herein.

Berkeley County, South Carolina.

3. Defendant Compass Municipal Advisors, LLC (“Compass”) is a company organized and

District beginning in November 2014.

employed by First Southwest during that period.

throughout the state of South Carolina, including Berkeley County.

collectively as the “Financial Advisor Defendants.”

of South Carolina, including the County of Berkeley.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

approved bond proceeds.

representatives of Wells Fargo and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

terminated on February 6, 2017.

VIOLATION OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA ETHICS ACT – CONFLICT OF INTEREST BASED ON

advisor, where Gallagher was employed.

Advisor for the BCSD. Exhibit A.

provision of Compass’s services as municipal advisor. Exhibit B.

the District’s financial advisor.

of interest.” http://www.compassmuni.com (emphasis added).

unbiased and competent advice or to fulfill its fiduciary duty.”

which he is associated.” S.C. Code Ann. § 8-13-700(A).

that Thomas and his brother-in-law did not work together.

Governmental Organizations (hereinafter “SCAGO”) – a group created by the Financial Advisor

embezzled, as discussed further infra.

BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY IN THE SETTING OF BOND COUNSEL’S FEES

CREATION OF SCAGO FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHARGING EXCESSIVE FEES

result in a lower interest rate for all members.

District as a member of SCAGO was beneficial.

across the State to become members of SCAGO.

services than was appropriate for such transactions.

advised the District on how and when to issue debt.

Counsel Defendants to collect increased advisor and bond counsel fees.

Defendants, as it permitted them to charge additional fees.

THE SCAGO TAN PROGRAM, CONCEALMENT OF THOMAS’

collections to remedy cash flow shortfalls during a fiscal year.

needed to issue, TANs.

therefore qualified for TANs, when it actually did not.

flow purposes. Hence, the District never needed to issue a TAN.

THE TAN REBATE SCHEME

for financial advisors to ever handle checks on behalf of a school district.

the District’s participation in the TAN program.

COMMINGLING OF FUNDS AND OVERSPENDING

Thomas’ termination, the General Fund amounted to $260 million.

the Fund Balance amounted to $53 million.

district must provide otherwise by referendum. S.C. Const. art. X, § 15(5).

for those items and not commingled.

million in debt on the referendum.

by the Yes 4 Schools referendum.

Referendum Fund to the General Fund).

voter-authorized $198 million referendum by “borrowing” approximately $35 million — or 68

(Calculation) and 2 of 2 (Claim Letters/Support)).

HIGHER INTEREST RATES DUE TO THE NEED TO ISSUE TAXABLE BONDS

carbon copy to Defendant Heizer).

that the remaining debt was issued as tax-exempt.

have avoided the taxable issuance.