Lyceum of The Philippines University Cavite

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE
Understanding the Role of National Housing Authority’s
Resettlement Projects in Trece Martires City
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences
Lyceum of the Philippines University
General Trias City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Arts in Foreign Service
Patrick Geniu C. Yabut
April 25, 2018
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction
A. Background of the Study……………………………………………………....2
B. Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………...11
C. Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework……………….……………..11
Chapter 2: Methodology
A. Research Design…………………………………………………………........15
B. Locale…………………………………………………………………………16
C. Description of Participants…………………………………………………....16
D. Instrumentation………………………………………………………………..17
E. Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………..17
F. Data Analysis………………………………………………………………….20
Chapter 3: Results and Discussions
A. SOTP #1……………………………………………………………………….22
B. SOTP #2……………………………………………………………………….26
Chapter 4: Summary and Conclusions…………………………………………….......32
Chapter 5: Recommendations……………………………………………………….…34
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………....35

I
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
A. Background of the Study
“Shelter is a basic and indispensable need for society to be productive and stable.
The provision of adequate shelter will enhance and support national economic and social
development. Housing serves as a catalyst for overall economic activity.” – Former
President Corazon C. Aquino
According to Ballesteros & Egana (2012) the National Housing Authority (NHA)
is the sole central government agency mandated to engage in direct shelter production for
the lowest 30% of income earners. In line with this mandate, the NHA implements five
housing development programs, which are: resettlement, slum upgrading, sites and
services, core housing and medium rise housing (MRBs). However, the resettlement
program has been implemented with doubtful performance as there have been complaints
on the lack of livelihood opportunities and deficient basic services (power, water) in
resettlement sites. With this, some families abandoned or sell their rights and return back
to the city to squat though such resettlement programs are implemented primarily as a
necessary condition for the infrastructure program of government as well as a stepping
stone for marginalized people to make a better living.
Moreover, it is believed that the housing sector is one of the cornerstones of a
growing economy and is used by economists in most developed countries as a clear

1
measurement of economic performance. As such, according to Villar (2016), the impact
of a growing housing sector is good indicator of a growing economy; as building decent
homes and communities is strongly linked to creating economic value for the families
living in them, and that focusing on housing development is the first step in generating
economic development in rural and urban areas.
National Housing Authority
The National Housing Authority (NHA) is a national agency mandated to engage
in housing production for low income families and the one who undertakes housing
development while estate management/ building maintenance shall be undertaken either
by LGUs, NGOs, or homeowners' associations. In addition, it also covers implementation
of alternative in-city project schemes proposed by program stakeholders and off-city
resettlement where in-city project plans are not feasible.
Overview of NHA Resettlement Program
The NHA classifies its housing programs as follows:
1. Resettlement program - involves the acquisition and development of large tracts
of raw land to generate serviced lots and/or housing units for families displaced
from sites earmarked for government infrastructure projects and those occupying
danger areas such as waterways, esteros, and railroad tracks.

2
2. Slum upgrading program - an on-site housing development program where
NHA acquire occupied lands and provides on-site improvement through
introduction of roads or alleys and basic services such as water and power. Land
tenure issue is resolved through sale of homelots to bonafide occupants.
3. Sites and Services - involves the development of raw land into service homelots
to serve as catchment area for informal settlements. The intent is to help families
acquire housing on an incremental basis. This program can be tied up with
resettlement program.
4. Completed/Core Housing - this program provides service lots with core housing
specifically targeted to low-salaried government and private sector employees.
The projects are implemented under joint venture arrangement with private sector
or LGUs.
5. Medium rise Housing - an in-city housing program that entails the construction
of two - to five-storey buildings utilizing funds allocated under Republic Act No.
7835 or the Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Financing Act of 1994
(CISFA). The units are made available under lease or lease to own arrangements.
Standard unit cost is about P485, 000 to P 580,000 for a 4-storey and 5-storey
building, respectively. This amount excludes the cost of land. Lease rates per
month range from P 750 to P 4,000, more or less.

3
Laws and Provisions Supporting Resettlement Programs in the Philippines
RA 7279, The Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, was enacted to (1)
uplift the conditions of the underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in
resettlement areas by making available to them decent housing at affordable cost, basic
services, and employment opportunities; (2) provide for the rational use and development
of urban land; (3) reduction in urban dysfunctions, particularly those that adversely affect
public health, safety and ecology; and (4) adopt workable policies to regulate and direct
urban growth and expansion towards a dispersed urban net and more balanced urban-
rural interdependence among other laudable purposes (Ramos, 2012).
Under PD 757 dated July 31, 1975, NHA was tasked to develop and implement a
comprehensive and integrated housing program which shall embrace, among others,
housing development and resettlement, sources and schemes of financing, and delineation
of government and private sector participation.
Under EO 90 dated December 17, 1986, NHA was mandated as the sole national
government agency to engage in shelter production focusing on the housing needs of the
lowest 30% of the urban population.
Under RA 7835 (CISFA) dated December 8, 1994, NHA was tasked with the
implementation of the following components of the National Shelter Program - the

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Resettlement Program, Medium Rise Public and Private Housing, Cost Recoverable
Programs and the Local Housing Program.
Under EO 195 dated December 31, 1999, NHA was mandated to focus on
socialized housing through the development and implementation of a comprehensive and
integrated housing development and resettlement; fast tracking the determination and
development of government lands suitable for housing; and ensuring the sustainability of
socialized housing funds by improving its collection efficiency, among others.
Aside from site development and land cost, resettlement programs are provided
housing support subsidy. Housing support refers to all other expenses over and above site
development and housing cost. This expenditure component is non-recoverable and is
part of the subsidy component for resettlement in addition to the housing price subsidy
and interest subsidy on the housing loan. This includes utilities expense which is the
amount paid by the NHA to install power and water utilities in the area either by
provision of deep wells or power generators or as advance payment to utility companies
to facilitate individual household connections.
Moreover, an important housing support component for the resettlement program
is livelihood assistance. Livelihood assistance is unique to the resettlement program and
is justified in support of the displacement or dislocation of families. The livelihood
expenditure includes only the capital outlay for construction of livelihood facilities

5
usually consisting of livelihood center, tricycle, jeepney or transport shed and/or market
“talipapa” center.
Thus, the present study is focused on determining, understanding and further
examining the role of the National Housing Authority’s Resettlement Programs towards
the betterment of the life of low-earning and marginalized individuals/families at
TreceMartires City, Cavite.
National Housing Authority’s Resettlement Projects in TreceMartires City
The NHA, in partnership with the Provincial Government of Cavite, provides
low-cost and socialized housing in the province (“Cavite Ecological Profile”, 2018).
Table 1. STATUS OF KKTV/SV2, CAVITE HOUSING PROJECTS
As of April 4, 2018
Project/Location Place of Origin Status/Remarks
1. Sunshine Ville 1 Displaced Families from Pasay,
Makati, Mandaluyong,
Brgy. Cabuco, TMC Physically Completed
Parañaque, Manila, Taguig
(Waterways in Manila, Fire
Victims, & Affected of
Government Infrastructure
Project).
2. Sunshine Ville 2 Displaced Families from Pasay,
Brgy. Cabuco, TMC 82.00% Completed

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Project).
3. San Francisco Villagio Displaced Families from Pasay,
Brgy. Lallana, TMC Physically Completed
Project).
4. Southville 2 Ph. 3 & 4 Displaced Families from Pasay,
Makati, Mandaluyong, Physically Completed

Brgy. Aguado, TMC
Parañaque, Manila, Taguig Ph. 3 – 1,500
Ph. 4 – 1,000
Project).
5. Southville 2 Ph. 5 Displaced Families from Pasay,
Project).
6. Summer Homes Displaced Families from Pasay, Excess units are for the
Makati, Mandaluyong, completion of SV2 Ph. 3, 4

7
Brgy. Cabuco, TMC Parañaque, Manila, Taguig &5

Project).
7. Summer Ville Displaced Families from Pasay,
Project).
8. Golden Horizon Homes Displaced Families from Pasay,
Brgy. Hugo Perez, TMC Physically Completed
Project).
Sources: National Housing Authority, 2018
Scope and Limitation
The present study is focused on determining, examining and further
understanding the role of National Housing Authority’s resettlement projects by means of
enumerating the proposed alternatives to make these resettlement housing programs more
viable and suited to the different social and living conditions of its stakeholders,
recommending measures to be taken to ensure a much organized relocation process in the

8
future. Moreover, another focus of the study is the roles of NHA with regards to its
resettlement sites, structures, projects, and programs supporting its recipients.
Also, the study is limited to the housing situation in TreceMartires City in Cavite:
Golden Horizon Homes, Sunshine Ville 1, and Southville 2 – Phase 3 – the only ones
which are physically completed and spearheaded both by the LGU of TreceMartires City
and the NHA.
Moreover, this study is conducted primarily for the purpose of understanding and
does not purport to be an exhaustive introspection into demography or urban planning,
nor into the detailed economic or financial aspects of the housing programs, but it gives
an overview of the schemes available to encourage mutual cooperation and development
between the government, the private sector and the informal settlers.
Statement of the Problem
Primarily, this study revealed the understanding the role of National Housing
Authority Resettlement Projects in TreceMartires City.
Specifically, the following inquiries that the study answered:
1. What are the various advantages and disadvantages with regards to being a
recipient of certain resettlement projects by the NHA?
2. What are the roles of National Housing Authority in developing the socio-
economic living of their relocatees?

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C. Theoretical Background
Social Contract Theory
Generally, social contract theorists advance the view that the state or, more
precisely, civil society is the product of a contract, a covenant, an agreement, or a
compact.3 Its earliest recognizably modern form dates back to Thomas Hobbes and
continues through John Locke, Baruch Spinoza, Samuel Pufendorf, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau (and others) to Immanuel Kant; whilst John Rawls stands out among its
contemporary proponents, not only for resurrecting it from the disrepute into which it fell
after Kant but, perhaps more importantly, for incorporating into it some key elements for
its adaptation to the contemporary requirements of the state and citizenship.
Contractarianism and Contractualism are often generally used as synonymous terms for
social contract theories, the central idea of which is that ‘the legitimacy of the state and/or
the principles of sound justice derive their legitimacy from a societal agreement or social
contract.’
Locke’s “contract of government” presupposes that the people had earlier given
their mutual consent to the formation of society. And, then, as members of society, they
later chose their rulers to form their government, each party having specific duties and

10
obligations. The rulers hold power on fiduciary grounds and are accountable to the
people.
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Advantages and Better

disadvantages with Interview understanding of
regards to being a Method the role of the
recipient of certain resettlement
resettlement projects projects of NHA
by the NHA with regards to
improving the life
situation of its
stakeholders
The study utilized the Input-Process-Output (I-P-O) model in order to properly
show the conceptual backbone of the research. As illustrated in Figure 1, inputs are

11
needed in order to achieve the desired result or output. As such, several processes are
needed to be done by utilizing or maximizing the inputs given in order to arrive at the
expected output; thus, the output of the study is measurable and deliverable that will be
used to conclude these undertakings.
The input needed for this research is composed of data about the advantages and
disadvantages with regards to being a recipient of certain resettlement projects by the
NHA.
Moreover, the process involved the conducting of interview session to the
respondents followed by its transcription and analysis. In addition, the researcher also
used numerous supporting data obtained from various related literatures and studies.
At the end of this research, it is expected that this may lead in better
understanding the role of the resettlement projects of NHA with regards to improving the
life situation of its stakeholders.
Significance of the Study
The result of the study would be beneficial to the following:
Resettlement Stakeholders. The findings of the study would be beneficial for
them as they will be able to let the National Housing Authority (NHA) to be aware of
their present life situation upon being a recipient of an offer to move to resettlement areas
provided by the agency and with this certain actions could be taken in consideration to
address such identified issues.

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National Housing Authority (NHA). The findings of the study can be beneficial
for them as having a clear picture of how their resettlement projects are benefitting its
target stakeholders, they can be able to improve their projects in the future as well as
efficiently address identified issues.
Researcher. The study will give an opportunity to the researcher to explore new
knowledge, ideas, and concepts.
Students and Future Researchers. The study will serve as an additional source of
information or reference to those who would wish to conduct a more comprehensive and in-
depth study of the topic indicated.
CHAPTER 2
Methodology
This chapter presents the research methodology that was utilized in obtaining,
analyzing, and interpreting the data of the study. It includes the research design, research
respondents, data gathering instruments and the statistical tools employed in the
interpretation of data.
A. Research Design
The study utilized the descriptive method of research. As widely accepted, the
descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study that involved adequate and accurate
interpretation of findings (Bermudo, 2010). Descriptive research design is used for some

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definite purpose. It is focused on explanation of characteristics of a certain group like
age, gender, income, education, and occupation. The technique that was used under
descriptive research design was the interview method which is commonly used to explore
opinions according to respondents that can represent a whole population. In terms of
approach, the study employed the qualitative approach which is focused on obtaining
non-numerical findings used with the interview method.
B. Locale
The location of the study is in TreceMartirez City, Cavite covering three (3)
physically completed resettlement projects of National Housing Authority. The conduct
of the study covered from March 2018 to May 2018. Dealing with housing projects, it
also involved the responsible entity which is the National Housing Authority. The NHA
supports and provides housing needs of the homeless, and is dealing with migrating them
locally.
C. Description of Respondents
Purposive sampling was used in this study so that the researcher could make use
of all the data efficiently. This involved identifying and selecting individuals or groups of
individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon
of interest (Cresswell& Plano Clark, 2011). The respondents were selected based on the
judgment of who has best qualify in answering the specific questions of the research.

14
Best qualifiers were respondents who actually often experienced the despoiled of the said
factors affecting them in their study. Although the samples for qualitative inquiry are
generally assumed to be selected purposefully to yield cases that are “information rich”
(Patton, 2001). Respondents are those who are involved in the housing programs like the
Presidents/Acting Presidents or of Homeowners Association: Mr. Juan S. Pantila II
(Sunshine Ville), Joselito Villanueva (South Ville 2), and George Noel Velasco (San
Francesco Villagio); LGU of TreceMartires City’s Local Housing Officer and City
Assessor, Mr. Noel Panganiban and National Housing Authority’s Division Manager-A
for the region of Cavite, Engr. Dante Angulo.
D. Instrumentation
The researcher designed an interview schedule as one of the data collection
instrument for this study. Questions relating to methodology and material for housing
programs, its effectiveness on the local government of the given locale as well as possible
strategies and factors that is adopted to enhance were asked during the interview
schedule. Another instrument are documents, which were obtained from the books,
articles, journals, theses, and dissertation and the Web.
Open-ended questions are used to give the respondents the opportunity to give
their responses and suggestions. The questionnaire prepared by the researcher was
developed by reading reference materials and related to the functions and system of
National Housing Authority Resettlement Projects in TreceMartires City. Questions are

15
also differentiated to each respondents (HOA Presidents/Representatives, LGU and
NHA) for the answers to be more specific.
E. Data Gathering Procedure
For this study, there were two sources of data: primary source using the
information gathered through interview, and the secondary data source from books,
journals, researches and internet sources. The survey data are collected within Local
Government Unit concerning planning and strategies of TreceMartirez City, National
Housing Authority and Homeowner Associations established from the recipients of
resettlement programs. The secondary source was utilized in presenting the review of
related literature and studies which were obtained from the books, articles, journals,
theses, and dissertation and the Web.
Prior to data collection, permission to conduct the study are secured from the
Municipality of TreceMartirez City, National Housing Authority, Thesis Panelist and
Research Adviser. A letter describing the purpose of the study, the importance of the
subject’s participation and an assurance of confidentiality was presented to each target
participant.
The handling of questionnaire is done personally by the researcher and facilitated
by the retrieval of responses. This procedure also enabled the researcher to conduct
interview at the same time consecutively. The researcher collected the answered

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interview questions. Furthermore, the researcher asked for archival documents from the
respective office and organization related to the study to support the secondary source of
data in the study.
The researcher took data from the spoken text (structured, unstructured, or
narrative interviews) to written form for analysis. Typically this is handled through de-
identifying the participants and transcribing the data, and is considered the first step in
analysis. The accuracy of the transcription plays a role in determining the accuracy of the
data that are analyzed and with what degree of dependability. Analysis begins after
reviewing the first interview to examine whether participants are responding to the
research question related to your area of interest, or whether the interview guide needs
refining. As each interview is completed, the researcher examines its content to determine
what has been learned and what still needs to be discovered or needs elaboration. Moving
from raw interviews to evidence-based interpretations requires preparing transcripts so
they will be ready to code. Before moving directing to analysis (or coding), it is
important to recognize the task of handling the qualitative research data.
In the validation process of this study, copies of the research questions was given
to thesis adviser and instructors related to the field of study. These went through the
research questions carefully to ascertain the appropriateness and adequacy of the
instrument. However other useful observations and suggestions by the advisers were
modified, and the corrections were made. Questionnaires was given to the participants

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before the scheduled interview for them to prepare and construct precise and accurate
information needed to fill in this study.
F. Data Analysis
Figure 2. Interim Analysis
Data-Gathering
(Interviews)
Corroboration and Transcription (Coding
validation (Cross- and Developing
reference) Category System)
Summary and
Organization
(Enumeration)
The process to scrutinize the study utilized interim analysis. It continues until the
process or topic the researcher is interested in is understood. Researcher transcribe the
data; that is they type the text from interviews, memos, observational notes into word
processing documents. After the transcription, the next step in data analysis is the Coding
and Developing of Category Systems. It is where transcribed data are carefully read, line
by line, and divided into meaningful analytical units. Coding is defined as marking the
segments of data with symbols, descriptive words, or category names. Whenever the
researcher finds a meaningful segment of text in a transcript, assigning of code or
categorizing of name exists to signify the particular segment. After coding the data, the

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next step is to summarize and organize it. The researcher need to continue to refine and
revise the codes. This next major step of summarizing and organizing results includes
such processes as enumeration, diagramming, and searching for relationships in the data.
A final component of the stages will be the corroboration and validation the results. It is
essential to corroborate and validate the result throughout the process in order to present
trustworthy results to the readers (Inductivo, 2014).

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CHAPTER 3
Results and Discussions
This chapter presents the analyzed and interpreted findings based on the specific
problems that were formulated at the beginning of the study.
Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages with Regards to Residing at Resettlement Area

by the National Housing Authority (NHA)
Respondent Advantages and Disadvantages

Respondent #1 Having their own home
Golden Horizon Homes “Yung advantage ponungnapunta kami
ditosaano, naawardanpo kami ng NHA,
unang-unameron ka
nangmasasabingsarilingbahay…” (see T#3
312-313)
Difficulty of Hospitalization
“Example poyungsa benefits of
hospitalization. Bagamatmerontayong Health
Center, merontayongnaka-anopodiyansa
Health…” (see T#3 321-322)
Being able to attend skills training

“Meronpo, meronpoyung TESDA. Ngayonpo
may on-going training, kung mapapansinniyo.
Kahitngayonpomaiikotnatin ang area, on-

20
going po ang facial make-up, yung pastry

andiyanpo. Yung mganakaraanpo,
yungmganauna, yung welder, welding, yung
tire settings…” (see T#3 370-373)
Respondent #2 Having their own home

Sunshine Ville “Nungnilipat kami ditoyunnganagkaroon
kami ng sarlinganosarlinganoditosarling
unit…” (see T#4 439-440)
Difficulty in Traveling from Home to

Workplace
“Pero sapamumuhaymahirapkasi ang
trabahonasa Maynila…” (see T#4 440-443)
Able to attend skills training

“Meronnamanpoyungmga Livelihood
training, May mga training posamga Scalp
holding mgaganoon, mga cook making
mgaganoon…” (see T#4 448-449)
Respondent #3 Starting a New Life at a New place

Southville 2 “Sa ngayon ang advantage
kasinadyannangayonyung school-
kahitnamedyokulangpasiyasa school
buildings, makakapagumpisana kami ng
disentengpamumuhaysadisentengtirahan at

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sadisentengkomunidad…” (see T#5 535-538)
Lack of enough classrooms

“Wala pa rin, kulang pa rin kami ng
classrooms. Nadagdaganna kami ng
mgateachers classroom nalangtalaga…” (see
T#5 566-568)
Having help for seeking local and

international jobs
“At ang hanapbuhay, bukasnabukas ang
PESO ng Trece eh, gumagawatalagasila ng
paraannameronkamingmapa abroad, local,
patinarin ang TESDA…” (see T#5 622-624)
Still lack of enough jobs and livelihood

programs
“Siguroyungkalagayansahanapbuhay o
pinanggagalingan ng panggastossaarawaraw
may problema pa din dyan…” (see T#5 660-
661)
Based from the table above, there are a number of advantages and disadvantages
experienced by the respondents since they became a recipient of residing within the
resettlement areas provided by the National Housing Authority (NHA). It can be seen that
some of them stated that certain advantages of being relocated to such area is that now,

22
they can already own a place in which they can call their “own” – for according to the
respondents, nowadays, it is primarily important to have one’s own house and lot as this
is the place where they no longer have to sleep worriedly at night, thinking that their
home will be taken away from them.
Moreover, the respondents also considered being able to attend skills training
programs an advantage as this can help them to find a more suitable and good-paying job
that can enable them to earn and provide more for their family.
On the other hand, some of the disadvantages experienced by the respondents is
that the difficulty of hospitalization as some health centers in the resettlement area do not
have enough medical equipment and medical supplies to support elderly and sick people.
In addition, the respondents also indicated the lack of enough classrooms to be a
disadvantage, lack of job opportunities and difficulty of traveling from their home to
place of work and stated that it is far better if the relocation sites are just built within their
original residential area rather than totally transferring them to another far-off and traffic-
prone area.

23
TreceMartires City as a relocation site
TreceMartiresCity has been chosen for its accessibility to Metro Manila which is
the primary source of income of the ISFs before being transferred and it is open during
the selection of sites (see T2#206-208), and the Local Government Unit itself accepted it
as part of support to the mandamus law given to the NHA to clean and relocate residents
of the riverside of Metro Manila, evacuating those in danger zones, riversides and
homeless (see T1#6-26). According to NHA, they identify and select resettlement sites
based on the list provided by their accredited developers or sites identified by the LGUs.
Site acceptability (upon endorsement of community and local committees) is evaluated
by the NHA based on a terms of reference (TOR) that requires conformity with
environmental standards and the subdivision standards. However, there are no criteria on
accessibility of site to employment centers or employment availability in the area. Neither
are there criteria on access to existing social facilities. One possible reason for this is that
the resettlement program is designed to address this concern through construction of
social facilities (schools, health centers) as well as livelihood facilities/programs.
Whether these livelihood and social interventions have resulted in employment or
improved welfare cannot be determined from the information available and thus would
require further study (Ballesteros & Egana, 2012).Answered by the three (3) HOA
Presidents/Representatives from physically completed projects that choosing the site is
not enforced to them by the agency, they are also provided option to choose which they

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wanted to be relocated. Accessibility and commercialism were the reasons given by most
of the residents (see T#3 279).
Role of Resettlement Project of National Housing Authority
Based from the conducted interview with three (3) Home Owner’s Association
Presidents of Golden Horizon Homes, South Ville 2 and Sunshine Ville, it can be
extracted from their responses that they viewed the role of this resettlement project as
another start of their life since most of them came from “squatters” area.
According to Respondent #1, “Opo, mas okay. Kasi yungditotalagamedyo,
talagangpatagposiya. At tsakayung access sa city ho, malapitlang din…”(see T#3 295)
stating that the relocation site that was given to them favours most of the residents as it is
near key point areas within the City, and thus making travel from their home to the
municipal hall and other key areas much easier and convenient.
Another is that such resettlement project had been given them a chance to seek
help in order to be provided with a source of income or livelihood program, as such,
according to respondent #2 “Meronnamannungnakaraanmerongaling national
napililangnaaprobahanlangnayungbinigaynapumasalaynamgaanonilaanotawagdoonyun
gnagcomplylang dun saanonilakasi may mgabinabanapaninda para sa sari-sari store
worth P6,000 or P5,000 atayunmgaganunhindilahat pili lang…”(see T#4 457-458)
which indicates that some sort of help are being provided for them in order for the
residents to have a business of their own within their own homes.

25
On the other hand, although most of the respondents viewed this project to be of
big help, others considered to be the other way around, “Maganda din ang ano ng NHA
naalisin ka doonsaisangmiserablengbuhay, pero ng inalisnila kami roon, parang
pinutolnilalahat ng kung anongmeron…”(see T#5 524-525) according to respondent #3,
pointing out the various difficulties they faced upon their relocation to the site. As such,
he also indicated the inadequacies that these projects still have to work on such (see T#5
507-510).
All in all, it can be indicated that although there are a number of advantages stated
0by the respondents, there are also some disadvantages that the NHA should continually
work into.
Roles of National Housing Authority in developing the socio-economic living of their
relocatees
The NHA General Manager Atty. Chito M. Cruz stated that "Through these
various livelihood programs, we are enhancing the access of project beneficiaries to
economic opportunities, therefore helping them become more self-reliant and productive
members of their communities." The NHA through its Livelihood Development
Department (LDD) headed by Eve Equipaje, has released its accomplishment report as of
March 2013 on the Livelihood and Affordability Enhancement Programs (LAEP) for the
relocated families in Northrail and Southrail Resettlement Project sites.

26
The Authority also facilitated the conduct of job fairs at the NHA resettlement
sites in partnership with the Public Employment Service Office (PESO), Local
Government Units (LGUs), and other agencies such as the Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI), Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Cooperative
Development Authority (CDA), and Department of Agriculture thereby generating
17,074 jobs.
In coordination with some financial institutions, the NHA facilitated 18,440
relocatees with capital assistance for the operationalization of various micro businesses. It
also implemented different livelihood programs enrolled under the Community Based
Employment Program (CBEP) of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).
Through skills training cum production and employment seminars, access to credit
assistance, job referral, and placement, the NHA was able to generate income and
employment for 12, 926 beneficiaries since 2011 when the CBEP started. And, to address
the immediate needs of the beneficiaries and provide job services to the community, the
Authority provided technical assistance to the newly-created twenty-six (26) cooperatives
with CDA. It created 73 work/production guilds and associations with a total of 2,788
beneficiaries. These stemmed from the "Green Jobs in Socialized Housing Project" of the
International Labor Organization, NHA, and CocoTech.
The agency also assisted 5,193 home-based producers to enhance their
capabilities and potential to become successful entrepreneurs. This will increase their
opportunities towards generation of employment and income. Ten of these home-based

27
entrepreneurs have participated in the UnladBuhay Project of the NHA in partnership
with Ayala Land, Inc. They were given the opportunity to exhibit and market their
products for four months at the TriNoMa, Quezon City.
Further, 26 Livelihood Productivity and Training Centers were operated in 21
resettlement sites in Northville and Southville in partnership with Non-Government
Organizations (NGOs) and LGUs benefitting 23,000 relocated families. Meanwhile, the
ImpokPabahay Program (IPP), a savings and financial literacy program, likewise helped
some 6,483 saver-enrollees with a total amount of PhP 7 million saved and paid back to
the Authority (NHA, 2016). Livelihood assistance is unique to the resettlement program
and is justified in support of the displacement or dislocation of families. The livelihood
expenditure includes only the capital outlay for construction of livelihood facilities
usually consisting of livelihood center, tricycle, jeepney or transport shed and/or market
“talipapa” center (Ballesteros & Egana, 2012).

28
Table 3. Socioeconomic Conditions in Selected Resettlement Sites
Resettlement Project
Feature
South Ville 2 Golden Horizon Sunshine Ville 1
Homes
Distance from original Off City, 63.9 km Off City, 61.9 km Off City, 51.7 km
settlement (km)
Number of relocated 1,748 4,549 5,030

families
Access to water Available but lacked Available piped water Available but lacked
piped water piped water
Access to electricity Available and Available and Available and

accessible accessible accessible
Employment/Livelihood Thriving Community Household continued Household continued

Opportunities with their current with their current
occupation. Relocation occupation. Relocation
did not affect did not affect
livelihood. livelihood.
Access to Public Schools from Schools from Schools from

Schools elementary to tertiary elementary to tertiary elementary to tertiary
level are adequately level are adequately level are adequately
provided provided provided
Access to transportation Accessible to main Accessible to main Accessible to main

roads and public roads and public roads and public
transportations. transportations. transportations.
Housing condition & Improved from light Improved from light Improved from light
shelter environment materials to concrete. materials to concrete. materials to concrete.
Better sewerage, Better sewerage, Better sewerage,
ventilation, & garbage ventilation, & garbage ventilation, & garbage
disposal system. disposal system. disposal system.
LGU Assistance Substantial = allocates Substantial = allocates Substantial = allocates

10% of budget for 10% of budget for 10% of budget for
resettlement resettlement resettlement
infrastructure. infrastructure. infrastructure.
Source: National Housing Authority, 2018

29
Chapter 4
Summary and Conclusion
The resettlement policy in the project is developed with an objective of providing
long-term sustainable solution to the problem of informal settlers and in consultation with
the affected community.
Table 4. Impact of the Resettlement Program on the Socio-Economic Conditions of the
Relocated Households
Positive Impact Negative Impact
 Failure to utilize skills acquired from

 Ownership of housing units livelihood trainings due to lack of
 Security of tenure capital and equipment or materials
 More peaceful, cleaner & greener  Lack of employment opportunities but
communities increase in expenses
 Enjoyment of community facilities  Some facilities are not fully
 Enhanced leadership & operational
entrepreneurial skills  Continuation of illegal activities such
 Improved familial & community as gambling, stealing, drinking
relationships alcohol, dropping out of school
 Job placement for some
It is pursued as a joint undertaking between the LGUs and NHA in terms of
shared resources and expertise. The LGU contributes the land and is the lead implementer
with overall responsibility in the selection of beneficiaries and in the operation and
management of the resettlement sites. On the other hand, NHA contribute funds for the
development of site and housing construction and provide technical expertise for the

30
preparation of project plans and formulation of policies and guidelines for
implementation of resettlement projects. As the resettlement site increase beyond 3,000
beneficiaries, the requirement for social and livelihood facilities also rises. The key
advantage of this scheme is that it compels LGUs to undertake its role of local housing
manager.
The resettlement program while used as a scheme to address informal settlements
in infrastructure projects and in danger areas is also a program meant to improve housing
conditions and the welfare of informal settlers. The objective of a resettlement is not to
simply evacuate or clear areas for development or disaster reduction but to contribute to
solving the housing problem in the country. For efficiency and effectiveness, resettlement
approach should ensure that the project benefits are long-term.
To conclude, National Housing Authority as providing a new life the recipients of
the program focuses not only in providing them a new shelter but to also assist them in
the continuation of their living through various livelihood and social welfare projects.
The presence of both skilled and unskilled workers as well as white collar and blue-collar
jobs within the vicinity is needed for a community to thrive. Socioeconomic differences
provide opportunities for livelihood.

31
Chapter 5
Recommendation
Beyond, there is a need to compel LGU of TreceMartires City and others to take
greater responsibility for shelter in the locality. Advatages are proposed: (1) LGU stake
greater responsibility in land use planning and in ensuring land allocation for socialized
housing. This would address the land availability constraint attributed to incremental
housing. (2) NHA can disengage itself from resettlement programs and focus on
community development, both for pre and post resettlement, collection and loan
recovery, and monitoring and evaluation of projects.
The need for NHA in venture with the LGU to develop its monitoring and
evaluation system cannot be overemphasized. A strong and diligent monitoring system
must be enforced to preclude the possibility of “professional squatting”, a phenomenon
widespread as an alternative but illegitimate source of income for these housing
beneficiaries, who go back to their original squatting location while renting out the new
relocation house give to them.
The ultimate solution lies in the overall planning rather than the piecemeal
engineering of resettlement schemes.
For future researchers, this study directs that different researches has to be done or
considered before developing resettlement: Political, Marketing, Financial, Engineering,
and Environmental and other aspects for the betterment of the Housing Projects.

32
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35

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What is the thesis about?

What is the thesis about?

What housing programs does the National Housing Authority implement?

What housing programs does the National Housing Authority implement?

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE

Understanding the Role of National Housing Authority’s

Resettlement Projects in Trece Martires City

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences

Lyceum of the Philippines University

General Trias City

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Foreign Service

Patrick Geniu C. Yabut

April 25, 2018

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

A. Background of the Study……………………………………………………....2

B. Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………...11

C. Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework……………….……………..11

E. Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………………………..17

Chapter 3: Results and Discussions

Chapter 4: Summary and Conclusions…………………………………………….......32

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

A. Background of the Study

development. Housing serves as a catalyst for overall economic activity.” – Former

President Corazon C. Aquino

necessary condition for the infrastructure program of government as well as a stepping

stone for marginalized people to make a better living.

Moreover, it is believed that the housing sector is one of the cornerstones of a

growing economy and is used by economists in most developed countries as a clear

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

measurement of economic performance. As such, according to Villar (2016), the impact

of a growing housing sector is good indicator of a growing economy; as building decent

economic development in rural and urban areas.

National Housing Authority

The National Housing Authority (NHA) is a national agency mandated to engage

development while estate management/ building maintenance shall be undertaken either

by LGUs, NGOs, or homeowners' associations. In addition, it also covers implementation

of alternative in-city project schemes proposed by program stakeholders and off-city

resettlement where in-city project plans are not feasible.

Overview of NHA Resettlement Program

The NHA classifies its housing programs as follows:

1. Resettlement program - involves the acquisition and development of large tracts

danger areas such as waterways, esteros, and railroad tracks.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

2. Slum upgrading program - an on-site housing development program where

NHA acquire occupied lands and provides on-site improvement through

tenure issue is resolved through sale of homelots to bonafide occupants.

acquire housing on an incremental basis. This program can be tied up with

specifically targeted to low-salaried government and private sector employees.

7835 or the Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Financing Act of 1994

month range from P 750 to P 4,000, more or less.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Laws and Provisions Supporting Resettlement Programs in the Philippines

rural interdependence among other laudable purposes (Ramos, 2012).

of government and private sector participation.

lowest 30% of the urban population.

implementation of the following components of the National Shelter Program - the

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES