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    Housing: Sem 6 Humanities Prepared by Mary Thomas

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    Harish Gupta
    The document discusses the issue of housing, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that over one fourth of the world's population lacks adequate shelter and lives in extremely unhygienic conditions. In India, more than five decades of planned development has led to a persistent backlog of housing shortages. Common housing problems in India include homelessness, high population density in slums, and lack of basic infrastructure and services. The document also examines different types of housing in India like chawls and slums, as well as government efforts and potential solutions to address the lack of adequate housing.

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    Housing: Sem 6 Humanities Prepared by Mary Thomas

    Uploaded by

    Harish Gupta
    51 views29 pages
    The document discusses the issue of housing, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that over one fourth of the world's population lacks adequate shelter and lives in extremely unhygienic conditions. In India, more than five decades of planned development has led to a persistent backlog of housing shortages. Common housing problems in India include homelessness, high population density in slums, and lack of basic infrastructure and services. The document also examines different types of housing in India like chawls and slums, as well as government efforts and potential solutions to address the lack of adequate housing.

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    Housing

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    The document discusses the issue of housing, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that over one fourth of the world's population lacks adequate shelter and lives in extremely unhygienic conditions. In India, more than five decades of planned development has led to a persistent backlog of housing shortages. Common housing problems in India include homelessness, high population density in slums, and lack of basic infrastructure and services. The document also examines different types of housing in India like chawls and slums, as well as government efforts and potential solutions to address the lack of adequate housing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views29 pages

    Housing: Sem 6 Humanities Prepared by Mary Thomas

    Uploaded by

    Harish Gupta
    The document discusses the issue of housing, particularly in developing countries like India. It notes that over one fourth of the world's population lacks adequate shelter and lives in extremely unhygienic conditions. In India, more than five decades of planned development has led to a persistent backlog of housing shortages. Common housing problems in India include homelessness, high population density in slums, and lack of basic infrastructure and services. The document also examines different types of housing in India like chawls and slums, as well as government efforts and potential solutions to address the lack of adequate housing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    HOUSING

    SEM 6 HUMANITIES
    Prepared by Mary Thomas

    1
    HOUSING
    • Food, clothing and shelter are the three basic necessities for man kind.

    • Well planned housing can increase national productivity and minimise cost of urban
    infrastructure.

    • Housing is a global problem.

    • After food, housing is typically largest item of household expenditure for poor families and
    they prefer locations close to their work to cut down travel expenses.

    • One fourth of world’s population does not have adequate shelter and lives in extremely
    unhygienic conditions.

    • Millions are homeless and billions dwell in unsafe & temporary settlements.

    • Neither the capitalist USA nor the communist Soviet could solve this basic problem.

    • I987 was declared as international year for homeless by UNO to focus attention and evolve
    solution.

    • Poverty, racial segregation are major socio-economic problems facing middle class.

    • Reported that soviet union requires 50 million new flats to solve housing issues.
    • Prepared by Mary Thomas 2
    HOUSING
    • Contribution of housing to GDP was 3561 crores in 1990

    • Housing problems are naturally chronic in developing countries, where

    estimated two third of population are below poverty line.

    • Among democratic countries housing shortage is perhaps the largest in India.

    • More than five decades of planned development has witnessed nothing but a

    backlog of housing shortage in India.

    • In Calcutta an estimated 6 lakh people are homeless or in unhygienic living

    conditions

    • In Mumbai about 1 lakh are homeless.

    • 20- 40% of people are squatters with no legal title(no address).

    • Average number of people living in one house is very high.


    3
    HOUSING
    • Survey of 4000 household in 9 slums in Bombay says 35% households have

    5 to 9 persons crammed into one living room.

    • Largest slum in Asia Dharavi has 4 lakh population including a floating

    population of 1 lakh.

    • Inner part of slums are in very bad condition.

    • One tap for 320 people

    • One toilet for 300 people

    Prepared by Mary Thomas


    4
    TYPES OF HOUSING
    • Street service work, vendors, Pavement dwellings and tent structure.

    • Chawl

    • Squatter housing (shanty town)

    • Informal dwelling,

    • Unplanned housing

    • Homelessness

    • Small mixed use structure

    • Dense mixed use block

    • Colonial era housing (south Bombay)

    • Society housing

    • High rise

    • Bungalow

    • Institutional housing 5
    6
    CHAWLS
    • Chawls were constructed in abundance during the early 1900s, in the textile mill
    areas of Mumbai.

    • Originally worker’s housing that have morphed into vibrant communities.

    • It acts as a socio-cultural fabric and created feeling of community.

    • They are typically 4 to 5 stories tall, with between 8 and 16 tenements on each
    floor. The tenements referred to as kholis, which literally mean 'rooms.'

    • A central staircase services the building and gives access to a long passage which
    runs the length of each floor.

    • The architectural similarity between all chawls are their balcony structures- these
    were created so that people could come out of their houses and interact with each
    other.

    • Prepared by Mary Thomas


    7
    8
    9
    10
    Swadeshi market chawl, Kalbadevi

    11
    12
    MAIN REASONS FOR HOUSING PROBLEMS
    • Urbanization

    • Migration

    • Increasing population

    • High demand of houses

    • Increasing land cost

    • Low income

    • Unemployment

    • Poverty

    • Prepared by Mary Thomas

    13
    14
    ISSUES
    • Homes made out of below average materials
    • High population density
    • Lack of Appropriate Services
    • Residents earn very little income or unemployed
    • Pollution/Contaminated Waters
    • Polluting natural resources

    • Lack of overall infrastructure

    • Public health issues

    • Social issues

    • Economic

    • Sanitation problems

    • Unplanned housing

    • Slums 15
    INFORMAL SETTLEMENT

    SLUM:
    A densely populated usually urban area marked by crowding, run-down
    housing, poverty, and social disorganization.

    UN – Habitat Definition of slum:


    Neglected parts of cities, in which living conditions are appallingly poor

    Prepared by Mary Thomas


    16
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    19
    GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION

    • First five year plan slum demolition policy was there.


    • 5,6.7 five year plans also had programs of environmental improvements of
    slums.
    • Tax incentives, lowered the building standards for using cheaper materials.
    • Relocation and free carpet area of 225 sqm.
    i. Subsidized industrial housing scheme:
    ii. LIG housing schemes:
    iii. Slum clearance and improvement scheme:
    iv. Middle-income group housing scheme:
    vi. Rental housing schemes:
    vi. Land acquisition and development scheme:

    20
    GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION

    • HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation


    • HDFC Housing Development and Finance Corporation
    • NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
    • Housing co operatives
    • MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority(Bombay
    housing board)
    • SRA Slum Rehabilitation Authority

    21
    SOLUTIONS
    Complete demolition of slum is not a good solution. We need to make
    slum more serviceable and provide more amenities.

    • Remove/fix homes in immediate danger of natural risks

    • Lessen density

    • Bring clean water into the area

    • Construct new programs for the residents

    • Develop an economy for the area

    • Make use of the natural resources available

    • Connect the different sections of the area with each other and the rest of the
    city

    22
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    THE ARTIST VILLAGE CBD BELAPUR, BY CORREA

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