Triple Point Cells PDF

realizing ITS-90
Isotech’s Millennium Collection

of Products for the Primary
Temperature Laboratory
2004 Edition
temperature calibration equipment & services

The company The Hyperion
is always R Calibration
willing to give Bath comprises a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
technical advice and assistance where
appropriate. pyrometers. An important
Equally because of the program of continual
factor is
CONTENTS
that its operation range includes ambient temperature.
The temperature of the cavity can be set to within 0.1°C at any point from -10°C to +80°C.
development and improvement, we reserve The Jarrett-Isotech Range of Water Triple Point Cells 5
the right to amend or alter characteristics
Thisprior
and design without elegant,
notice. modern-styled range has been designed to work
Water Triplefrom
PointaIce
series of Maker
Mantle Peltier modules,
7
This publicationwhich can beonly.
used
either to heat or to cool a metal block. In conjunction with a specially
is for information
Water
programmed microprocessor-based controller it offers Triple Point
a unique Maintenance
concept Bath sources.
in calibration 8
Sostmann-Isotech Gallium Cell 9
With this bath, a temperature above, below or at ambient temperature can be set and this
temperature will be maintained whether the source needs to be The
cooled or heated.
Gallium Apparatus 11
Mercury Triple Point Apparatus 12
Quartz encased higher temperature fixed point cells 14
Model No 982
Sealed & Open Fixed Point Cells 15
The Case
thermometer withHeight
size (approx) a helical
300mm
Nitrogen Boiling Point Apparatus 18
scale Width 265mm Depth 180mm
Cavity size thermometer
50mm diameter,
was 150mm deep Argon Triple Point 20
T he sealed liquid-in-glass
invented by none less than
Weight 10kg
of Tuscany around 1654.
the Grand Duke
Carbon Dioxide Triple Point 21
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C (with an ambient
of 20°C)
The Duke’s glass blower, Mariani, was Dual Furnaces 23
apparently a consummate
Emissivityworkman.
Greater Some
thanof .995
the things he left behind were of unimaginable Heat Pipe Furnaces 24
perfection. We canStability
concur when±0.1°C
we look at the
beautiful instrument with a helical scale, still Low Temperature Furnace 25
Power 200w
preserved at Florence, although it
is scarcely a meteorological Uniformity ± 0.5°C.
Medium Temperature Furnace 26
instrument, as the Academy well
knew, saying that it was Accuracy 3 Zone High Temperature Furnace 27
made rather “for a caprice Between indicated and
actual temperature Annealing Furnace 28
(per una bizarria)...than to Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
deduce the just and agrees with National
Standards to better than 50mm Cavity Diameter Meyers Thermometer 29
infallible proportions of
heat and cold.” ±2°C. 0.995 Emissivity, Compact
Model 670 Standard Thermometer 30
Options
1. Set of 4 orifice A New Silver Point Thermometer 32
For more
plates to information on
restrict cavity
the historydiameter
aperture of the to
thermometers the20mm
readeror
is True Temperature Indicator 3 (T.T.I.3) 36
40mm, 30mm,
referred to:- 10mm. Laboratory Matrix Scanner 38
‘A History of the 2. Probe 935-14-16
Thermometer and Its Use in Standard Resistors 40
Meteorology’ by W. E. Knowles
Middleton (The Johns Hopkins
3. Carry Case Standard Resistor Maintenance Bath 41
Press, Baltimore, Maryland).
PC Communications 42
How to Order
Model 982 Hyperion R Daedalus Program 43
Please state supply voltage and options required
Model 1600 Standard Thermocouple 44
Platinum/Gold Thermocouple 45
Products in this catalogue are all Compliant

one/2
Introduction: for the Primary Laboratory
Benefit from Isotech’s Millennium range of products for the Primary or Fixed Point Laboratories
Primary Laboratory. The Primary Laboratory requires the finest equipment
Since 1954 Metrology products now made by Isothermal available (to claim to have the cheapest Primary Laboratory is
Technology Limited have been satisfying the highest demands an unworthy boast and self-condemnation).
of science, research and industry. The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) splits the
From the water triple point cells of Jarrett Instrument temperature range from -200ºC to +1000ºC into as many as 7
Company (now Jarrett-Isotech) to the sealed fixed point cells ranges. A free ITS-90 wall chart is available by contacting
designed and developed by Henry Sostmann in the 1970’s Isotech.
(now Isotech products) they have given the very best results Standard thermometers for the Primary Laboratory are
available and have a well deserved enviable reputation. specially selected to be used within individual narrow
For the year 2000 we have reviewed our range of products to temperature spans and to have optimised stability over their
ensure that it will continue to offer our customers the finest working ranges. After 5 years of continuous research, and by
products available. adopting the very latest materials, we have developed a new
generation of thermometers designed to give stabilities and
reproducibilities better than ever before.
Benefit from our commitment to the highest standards of
supervision by UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation The indicating instrument must also be the best available, and
Service). after considerable research, we have selected an outstanding
automatic instrument. It is the most modern version of a
We have become a Primary Laboratory ourselves realizing the bridge designed at the National Research Council in Canada;
International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) but we are and has a resolution of 0.1nanodegrees Celsius. This bridge
still subject to the discipline imposed by UKAS, one of the lies at the cutting edge of technology. The T. T. I. 3 as we call
world’s leading accreditation authorities. it is described fully in the text which follows.
We can therefore completely endorse all the items shown in
this manual as being the very best available, and meeting the TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, A.C. OR D.C?
rigorous scrutiny of the highest accreditation authorities.
For the accurate measurement of platinum resistance
thermometers the original bridges were D.C. (Direct Current).
Benefit from our wide choice of products. However small unwanted voltages within the bridge gave an
offset or error. To overcome this problem the D.C. was
To realize all, or part of ITS-90 one needs to measure ratios
manually reversed and the mean value of the measurement
and resistances to sub-millikelvin level (1mK can be equated
was recorded.
to 1ppm accuracy) and select from ITS-90 the range of
temperatures to be realized. To help, we have prepared a Later, A.C. (Alternating Current) of relatively low frequency
chart which details the fixed points and the ITS-90 calibration was introduced to overcome D.C. bridge problems. However,
ranges. even low frequencies introduce inductive and capacitive
errors, together constituting a quadrative component, which
This, Databook 1, details our Millennium products required to
increases as temperature rises and can cause significant error.
establish a Primary Temperature Calibration Laboratory to the
highest standards available. Beginning with the apparatus and The latest bridges to be introduced combine the finest D.C.
ITS-90 fixed points the databook continues with the reference measurement techniques with automatic, but slow, switching
thermometers and thermocouples needed, followed by the and automatic averaging of the results, and give the best
instruments and fixed resistors. advantages of both techniques. Isotech’s T.T.I.2 and T.T.I.3 are
both based on the latest automatically switched, D.C.
techniques.
Benefit from our Journal of Thermometry
The key decision to be made when deciding on the design of
To provide knowledge of how to organize a Primary a Primary Laboratory is the number, type and design of ITS-90
Laboratory and use the products purchased a set of Isotech fixed point cells and apparatus.
Journals of Thermometry provides all the information needed.
You can benefit from our vast experience of providing cells
Details can be found in Databook 5.
and apparatus to Primary and National Laboratories all over
the world. We describe on the following pages the cells and
apparatus required in order of importance.
www.isotech.co.uk/primary
one/3
The Hyperion R Calibration Bath comprises a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature.
This elegant, modern-styled range has been designed to work from a series of Peltier modules,
which can be used either to heat or to cool a metal block. In conjunction with a specially
programmed microprocessor-based controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
temperature will be maintained whether the source needs to be cooled or heated.
Model No 982
Case size (approx) Height 300mm
Width 265mm Depth 180mm
Cavity size 50mm diameter, 150mm deep
Weight 10kg Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C (with an ambient 50mm Cavity Diameter
of 20°C) 0.995 Emissivity, Compact
Emissivity Greater than .995
Stability ±0.1°C
Power 200w
Uniformity ± 0.5°C.
Accuracy Between indicated and actual
temperature agrees with National
Standards to better than ±2°C.
Options
1. Set of 4 orifice plates to restrict cavity aperture diameter
to 40mm, 30mm, 20mm or 10mm.
2. Probe 935-14-16
3. Carry Case
How to Order
Model 982 Hyperion R
one/4
Isotech Metrology Instruments for the Millennium
The Jarrett-Isotech Range of Water Triple Point Cells
Why the Jarrett-Isotech Cell is the best standard. For optimal realisations we use, and recommend the type
The Jarrett-Isotech range of Water Triple Point Cells is unique. A11.
Unique in being in production for over 45 years. Unique in Isotech offers the following range of Cells, the A11 and B11
having 12 steps in the water purification process. are the preferred models. You can purchase the cells with a
certificate of conformity, or preferably a UKAS certification to
Unique in having the most comprehensive evaluations ever an uncertainty of ±0.000075ºC (1 sigma).
made on Water Triple Point Cells performed on it.
Isotech’s unique K.T. Water triple point cell.
One assumes that every Water Triple Point Cell, no matter
from which source will be the same. Reverting to the very first designs of water triple point cells,
Isotech produce a cell with Isotopic Analysis, a McLeod guage
This is not so. Each manufacturer employs his own design of to asses any trapped air and an attached flask where the cell’s
distillation plant to produce the pure water that goes into the water can be transferred and redistilled.
Cell, and cleans the Cell in different ways.
By accounting for these sources of uncertainty we claim that
The Jarrett Instrument Company and in particular its this cell represents the ultimate reference for these requiring
proprietor James L. Cross devoted 45 years with no other cells as close to ITS-90 as possible.
product in his range, to the understanding and perfection of
the Water Triple Point Cell. Please ask for a copy of a comprehensive report describing
the cell, its operation and performance.
As improvements became possible, or research showed that
additional precautions were necessary, additional steps were
placed in the distillation process until, for the past 20 or more
years the design as it is currently produced has been available
as the World’s Temperature Standard.
In 1980 a full evaluation of over 20 Jarrett Cells was
undertaken and the results showed the high reproducibility of
the Jarrett production over a very long period of time.
It will keep its value for between 10 and 20 years, no other
manufacture has sufficient data to justify this claim.
In 1997 the late Henry Sostmann wrote a report summarising
a number of important International and National
Comparisons on Water Triple Point Cells. The Jarrett-Isotech
Cells in many cases formed the reference to which other cells
were compared, and in the other intercomparisons our cells
were always the best. Before you choose a water triple point
cell ask for a copy of Henry’s summary report.
Three fundamentally different designs of Cells are available
from Isotech, the type A Cell design with a McLeod gauge
which enables the vacuum to be assessed, or the type B in
which the reentrant tube is longer and hence sticks out of the
apparatus and our unique K. T. cell.
one/5
The Jarrett-Isotech
Triple Point of Water Cells: Physical Features
Type A cells (fig 1) were designed by Dr. H. F. Stimson at NBS. Type B cells (fig 2) were designed at NRC of Canada. The
A tubular glass extension at the top of the cells serves as a thermometer well extends 100mm above the top of the cell.
convenient handle for lifting and carrying the cell, as a hook Heat transfer to the ice mantle may be essentially eliminated
for supporting it in an ice bath, and as an indicator of partial by keeping these cells packed in ice to the top of the well
pressure of air in the cell. extension, or by immersing them sufficiently in a Water Triple
Point Maintenance bath.
E
E F
H
A
A
B
C
B
C
D
D
Standard Nominal Dimensions in Millimetres

or Special Model
(ST/SP) Fig No. A* B C D E F G H
ST 1 A-11 11
317 348 51 104 14 93 70
SP 1 A-13 13
ST 2 B-11 11
SP 2 B-13 13
SP 2 B-16 16 317 348 64 100
SP 2 B-19 19
SP 2 B-22 22
* precision bore tubing
Manufactured at Ohio, USA by Isothermal Technology Limited. Pine Grove, Southport PR9 9AG, England
one/6
452 Water Triple Point
Ice Mantle Maker
INTRODUCTION
Are you fed up with cold wet hands, and hours of frustration when you produce an ice mantle in your Triple
Point Cell?
Change your life and try the Isotech Ice Mantle Maker.
We developed it, like so many of our products, for our own use in our UKAS facility. It is so easy that we
actually want to make more mantles. The days of dreading making ice mantles are gone with the Ice Mantle
Maker.
It works by using a specially designed anti-gravity heat-pipe. The heat-pipe exits the cell and exchanges
the heat in a small container filled with carbon dioxide or preferably liquid nitrogen.
Because of the low temperature gradient along the heat-pipe the ice mantle is formed close to 0ºC, and
so beautiful strain free mantles are formed.
The mantle maker works equally well when you wish to increase the thickness of ice at the bottom of the
cell. By keeping only a cc of alcohol in the cell the heat transfer is focused around the bottom of the cell.
BACKGROUND
In 1969 John Evans of N.B.S. America described a method of heat removal and ice mantle growth in a
water triple point cell. His materials, liquids, etc. were adequate at the time and the idea has been
considered as a novelty since.
Now, Isotech have brought the liquids and technology right up to date to effectively solve the problem of
trouble free and strain free fast ice mantle manufacture.
ICE BRIDGE PREVENTION COLLAR

In developing the heat pipe Ice Mantle Maker we worried that an ice bridge can form across the top of the
cell.
We therefore developed a clever collar that sits around the cell and prevents ice formation at the
water/vapour interface.
We include this free with the Mantle Maker provided you inform us of the cell diameter with the order.
Weight 250g
Typical time 20 to 30 minutes using a Jarrett-Isotech
to create a mantle A11 Water Triple Point Cell.*
* Longer or shorter times for larger or smaller cells.

Options
Additional Ice Bridge Prevention Collar
How to order
452 Ice Mantle Maker and one ice bridge prevention collar
Please specify A) Cell Type or
B) Outside diameter of Water Triple Point Cell (mm)
C) Depth from shoulder of Cell to water level (mm)
one/7
Water Triple Point
Maintenance Bath
0.01ºC The
The Isotech Model
Hyperion R 18233 Water Bath
Calibration Triple comprises
Point Maintenance Bath is not
a blackbody an adaptation
cavity of general-purpose
for calibration of radiation
commercial equipment, but is specifically designed to maintain and safeguard 1 to 4
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature. Water Triple Point
Cells, for the calibration of thermometers on the International Temperature Scale of 1990.
ItThe
willtemperature of thetriple
maintain the water cavity canfor
point belong
set periods
to within
of 0.1°C at any
time (many point from
months, -10°C to +80°C.
with occasional attention) so
that this fundamental fixed point of thermometry is continuously available.
Itwhich
will ensure the used
can be integrity of thetocells
either heatagainst
or tocatastrophic freezing,
cool a metal which
block. In can break the with
conjunction glass envelope.
a specially
programmed
1. The case ofmicroprocessor-based controller it offers
the bath is made of special-quality a unique concept
double-skinned laminatedinwood
calibration sources.
for best thermal
resistance and stability.
2. Cooling is accomplished by efficient solid-state Peltier chilling modules, powered so that the rate of
temperature change is very small.
3. Two safety circuits are provided to prevent cell breakage by excessive ice formation. The controls can
be set to a resolution of better than 0.001°C. If control fails in such a mode that the Peltier chillers are full
on, a warning light is lit to give the operator 20 minutes in which to take appropriate action. If no action is
taken, the apparatus is automatically switched off and the cells are allowed to warm slowly.
4. Passive safety is provided by the physics of ice. If the Peltier chillers become too cold, the first ice which
forms is on the water tank surfaces directly in contact with the chillers, effectively inhibiting further rapid
transfer of freezing to the bath water.
5. A specific stirring rate of bath fluid is provided by bubble agitation which prevents the water from
stratifying.
6. The bath is manufactured to the strict requirements of BS 5750 and ISO 9000. Each finished bath
becomes part of the Isotech UKAS working calibration Laboratory for two weeks or more, during which use
the control
Model No 982and alarm circuits are set and checked for optimum performance. It is released only when
Isotech is entirely satisfied with its performance.
The bath has a long and successful history and is relied on by many National Laboratories throughout the
world. This history of successful use is one of the most important reasons for choosing Isothermals’
products.
7.Weight
Recent 10kg
design changes mean that the bath Low Temperature
will Radiation
work in higher Pyrometer
ambient Primaryand,
temperatures Source
if a chiller
module
Temperature range fails,
-10°Cit to
can be replaced
80.0°C (with easily.
an ambient 50mm Cavity Diameter
Model No ITL-M-18233
Emissivity Greater than .995 No Ice required, Automatic, Vibration free,
Temperature Range +0.01ºC±0.3ºC Electrical noise free, Solid state cooling, Double safety circuits
Stability ±0.1°C
Accuracy ±0.001ºC
Power 200w
±0.0001ºC in Cell
Uniformity
Ambient Limits ± 0.5°C.
18°C to 28ºC
Accuracy
Time to temperature Between indicated and actual
na
Power 150W typical,
Standards 100-130
to better or ±2°C.
than 208-240VAC*
50/60Hz (*field changeable)
Options
Dimensions
1. Set of 4 orifice plates toHeight
restrict910mm
cavity aperture diameter
to 40mm, 30mm, 20mm orWidth 10mm. 635mm
Depth 710mm
2. Probe 935-14-16
Weight 66kgs
3. Carry Case
Options
How to
Triple Order
Point of Water Cells (see page one/6)
Model
How to982 Hyperion R
order
ITL-M-18233 Water Triple Point Maintenance Bath
Please specify which type of cells will be used so that we can supply
the correct cell holder.
one/8
Sostmann-Isotech
Gallium Cell
INTRODUCTION cell, and intercompared cells with National Standards.

Second only to the Water Triple Point and in many ways, The result of these investigations have left us satisfied
because of its ease of use and purity, superior to it, is the that Henry’s original design of cell needed no changes to
Gallium Melt Point. At 29.7646ºC this is a very meet the requirements of “optimal realisations” - the
convenient temperature. Its existence on the ITS-90 highest standard so far defined.
Temperature Scale is due almost entirely to the efforts of Henry’s Melting Point Apparatus has been changed a
one man, the late Henry Sostmann. little by fitting a timer to enable the Gallium Point to be
Henry, and a small team of dedicated metrologists automatically available every day of the year.
created commercially available and user friendly versions You will find this ITS-90 Fixed Point the very best that
of the fixed points required to calibrate the highest exists. Some of its performance and other features are
quality standard thermometers from the Triple Point of
described overleaf.
Mercury to the Silver Point. It is no exaggeration to say
that modern Fixed Point thermometry would not exist as Our Gallium design is so good that if you prefer to put
we know it without Henry. the Cell into a glass tube so that you can control the gas
and its pressure, if you prefer a 2 week, or longer,
In 1988 his adopted company Yellow Springs
Incorporated decided to sell off the Metrology Division, plateau length, if you prefer liquid baths, if you want a
and Isotech was fortunate enough to become the housing for more than one Gallium Cell:
custodian of these wonderful products. Henry continued Isotech can supply the following accessories:
to work as a consultant for Isotech until his untimely
• Re-sealable Glass Holder
death in 1999.
• 915 Bath for One Cell
The Gallium Cell and Apparatus epitomises his efforts in
metrology and in recognition of his work we asked and • Gallium Maintenance Bath for up to Five Cells
got his permission to call it the Sostmann-Isotech
Gallium Cell.
TRANSPORTATION
Henry presented a paper in which he described the
history of thermometry and the development of the Gallium Fixed Point Cells cannot legally be hand carried
Gallium Cell and his other Sealed Fixed Points. Please on aeroplanes. They must be packed in dry ice for air
ask for a free copy. freight and shipped in accordance to IATA specifications.
Following Henry’s original work, recently Isotech have The design of the Sostmann-Isotech Gallium Cell is
fully reconsidered his design for the Millennium. We ideally suited to this method of transportation and for 20
have upgraded the purity of the Gallium, compared 10 years over 600 of our Gallium Cells have been
and more recently 20 year old cells with a newly made transported to all parts of the globe without damage.
Features:
• 20 years of deliveries world-wide without a breakage
• 99.999,999% purity. Yes 8N! For a slope-free plateau.
• A new Gallium plateau every day, all day, forever.
Switch it on and forget it!
• Long term stability.
After 10 years our Cell is still within 40µK of our newly made
Reference Cell, audited to within 0.000030ºC of our Nation’s
Standard Cell, and within 0.000,031ºC of Italy’s National
Standard.
• Reproductibility day to day of ±0.000,025ºC.
• Elapsed time indicator tells where you are on the plateau.
• 250mm immersion.
• No maintenance.
• No attention required.
• No liquids.
• UKAS certification available relating the Cell to ITS-90.
one/9
The Perfect Gallium Point
for the new Millennium
Melt 1 pyrometers.
Day1 An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature.
0.000025K 1hr
0.25mK
1.1810343
programmed microprocessor-based controller it offers a unique concept in 1.1810342
Melt 2 Day2
0.000025K 1hr
0.25mK
1.1810343
1.1810342 1.1810342
Model No 982
Case
Shown onsize
the(approx) Height 300mm
same scale Melt 3 Day3
0.000025K 1hr
0.25mK
1 2 3 4
of 20°C) 1.1810343
0.995 Emissivity, Compact 1.1810342
Stability ±0.1°C
1 Value of 10 years old Cell
2 Value of N.P.L.’sPower
Cell 200w
3 Value of I.M.G.C.’s Cell
4 Value of Cell open for over 3 years
Accuracy Between indicated and actual Gallium Maintenance Bath 915 Parallel Tube Liquid Bath
temperature agrees with National (For up to Five Cells)
Re-sealable Glass Holder (For One Cell)
Options
2. Probe 935-14-16
3. Carry Case
How to Order
one/10
The Gallium Apparatus
29.7646ºC
Model 17402B Gallium Apparatus is not an adaptation from general purpose equipment, but is designed
specifically to realize and maintain the Gallium Cell on the melt plateau, for calibration of thermometers on
the International Temperature Scale of 1990.
The Cell will realize the melt plateau of gallium (29.7646°C). It is furnished with a certificate of verification
or optionally full UKAS calibration can be provided at extra cost.
The apparatus will permit the gallium to melt coaxially over 12 to 16 hours. It is uniquely designed to also
freeze the cell from the bottom up, which eliminates the danger of damage due to the expansion of gallium
during freezing.
1. The Cell contains about 0.5 kg of electronic grade gallium, 99.999999% pure. The gallium is contained
within a resilient inner housing, which safely allows its solidus expansion, surrounded by an aluminium
sleeve for longitudinal uniformity of temperature.
2. Since the melting temperature of pure gallium is a recognized constant of nature (and a defining Fixed
Point of ITS-90) recertification is normally never required.
3. Model 17401 Gallium Cell may be used, without the thermal environment provided by Model 17402B
Gallium Apparatus, in a well controlled bath (see Databook 2). However, the advantages of automatic
operation, convenience and cell protection, recommend the use of the Model 17402B environment in most
cases.
4. No external connections other than power are required.
5. A completely automatic electronic control system provides a precise means for realization and
maintenance of the plateau. The Apparatus can be turned on by a timer an hour before the laboratory day
begins, the plateau utilized throughout the working day and the system recycled overnight. A thermal sink
is provided which forces the gallium to refreeze upwards from the bottom (gallium expands when it freezes,
requiring a specific freeze orientation to avoid rupturing the cell).
6. Confidence is a major requirement in a standard. The Isothermal Gallium Cell and Apparatus have a long
(20 year) history and have been successfully used in most
National and Primary Laboratories world-wide. This is one
Model ITL-M-17401 cell
of the main reasons for choosing the Isothermal Cell and ITL-M-17402B cell apparatus
Apparatus.
Temperature Range 29.7646ºC
7. The Cell and Apparatus are manufactured to the strict
Accuracy Refer to page 15
requirements of BS 5750 and ISO 9000. Each finished unit
becomes part of the Isotech UKAS working Calibration Ambient Limits 15ºC to 28ºC
Laboratory for two weeks or more, during which use the Cycle Time With cell at 20ºC, time to plateau is 1
control circuits are set and checked for optimum hour maximum. Recycling, including
performance. It is released only when Isotech is entirely freezing the cell is typically 3 to 4 hours
satisfied with its performance. Plateau Duration Not less than 12 hours under specified
ambient conditions; 16 hours typical
Power 75 Watts typical 100-130 or
208-240VAC* 50/60Hz
* field Changeable
tercomparison
Dimensions Height 429mm
An International in Width 259mm
Gallium Cell and Depth 181mm
between our open
reed within 10
NISTs standard ag
Weight 7kg
uncertainty of
micro Kelvins. Our
cate is now the How to order
Gallium Cell certifi Model ITL-M-17402B
e USA.
smallest outside th Gallium Apparatus (without cell)
Please specify voltage required.
Model ITL-M-17401
Gallium Cell
one/11
Mercury Triple
Point Apparatus
INTRODUCTION
-38.8344ºC
pyrometers.
At -38.8344ºCAn
theimportant factor
Mercury Triple is that
Point its operation
is probably range
the third most includes
importantambient temperature.
Fixed Point of ITS-90.
The
The embodiment
temperatureof of the
the Mercury
cavity canTriple Point
be set to was originally
within 0.1°C at developed
any pointinfrom
America-10°Cwith a very close
to +80°C.
cooperation between Henry Sostmann and Dr. Furukawa of N. B. S. (now NIST) over twenty years ago. The
physical size, materials
This elegant, and metal
modern-styled purityhas
range arebeen
identical to this to
designed original
workdesign.
from a The
seriesMercury is distilled
of Peltier four
modules,
times
whichleaving
can be impurities of 10 toto15heat
used either partsorpertobillion.
coolThe cells made
a metal by Isotech
block. still use the
In conjunction original
with design,
a specially
purity and supplier
programmed of Mercury.
microprocessor-based controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
In International Intercomparisons the cells made by Isotech have always been within the National
With this bath,
Laboratories a temperature
uncertainty above,
of calibration below
and with overor20atyears
ambient temperature
of successful can be the
use throughout set world
and this
the
cell embodies the finest traditions of production and use. Recently Dr. Furukawa opened some of his
original cells which are over 20 years old, and the Mercury was still above 99.99995% pure. A reflection of
the long term performance of the design.
In purchasing the Isotech Mercury Triple Point Cell you will join an elite group of satisfied users who have
been using the cell for up to 20 years.
Model No 982
The Mercury Triple Point Cell is normally used on its Melt Curve, although it will also give very good results
whilst it is freezing.
Henry Sostmann and his team designed a cryostat to Freeze and Melt the cell which is now described.
Weight 10kg
Mercury Apparatus
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C (with an ambient
This apparatus
of 20°C)is ideal
and user friendly meeting all normal requirements. There is however a document
describing “Optimal Realizations” and also occasions where very long plateaus are desired. For these
special applications we have another piece of apparatus called the 915 ‘Neptune’ Bath which will give week
Stability
long ±0.1°CThe 915 is described fully in Databook 2.
plateaus.
Power 200w
Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source

50mm Cavity Diameter
0.995 Emissivity, Compact
Model No ITL-M-17724 Cell

ITL-M-17725 Apparatus
Temperature Range -36°C to -42°C
Accuracy Refer to page 15
Ambient Limits 18ºC to 28ºC
Plateau Duration 8-12 hour Plateau
Power 750W typical.
208-240 VAC, 50/60Hz
Width 600mm
Depth 560mm
Weight 96kg
How to order
ITL-M-17724 Cell
ITL-M-17725 Mercury Triple Point Apparatus
one/12
Iso-technical note
Accuracy
The accuracy of an ITS-90 Fixed Point can be defined in a number of ways. Its association to the ideal ITS-90 defined
temperature can be calculated by knowing the impurities in the fixed point metal, and calculating the effect on the
temperature by using Raoult’s law.
Such a calculation would typically give an association of -0.02mK for a Mercury Cell of 7N purity (99.99999% pure).
It is more important to measure the performance of the Cell in its Apparatus. This is done by slowly melting and
freezing the cell and measuring the slopes using thermometers and bridges. Rules exist that permit the association to
the ITS-90 temperature to be calculated from the slopes.
The uncertainties of this measurement must include bridge, thermometer and apparatus. Inevitably the measurements
increase the uncertainties.
Traceability
If a cell is to have legal status it must also be intercompared to other Primary Standards with International traceability.
This introduces additional uncertainties.
Uncertainties
A cell made with 7N pure metal may realize the ITS-90 temperature to within -0.02mK, but excepting the calculation,
once thermometers and apparatus are brought into use to measure the melt and freeze characteristics of the cell,
uncertainties are introduced much larger than the calculated association.
Uncertainties represent the ability to measure the Cell that has been produced.
Confidence
A strict procedure must be followed and repeated a number of times, the results are combined statistically to obtain
mean values and standard deviations, uncertainties thus calculated are to a 63% confidence level (1 Sigma). It is normal
to report results to a 95% confidence level by doubling the uncertainties (2 Sigma).
UKAS
Isotech, uniquely, can issue a UKAS certificate with each cell. Our UKAS procedures, traceability and surveillance are
the strictest in the world.
Our uncertainties are very small, for mercury our I sigma combined uncertainties are 0.00025ºC (250 micro-degrees
Celsius). You will not find better accuracy and traceability than with a UKAS certified Isotech Fixed Point Cell,
recognized world-wide as the best.
To learn more about accuracies, uncertainties and ITS-90 Fixed Points ask for Databook 5 or visit our web site at
one/13
Quartz encased higher temperature fixed point cells
to the highest standards ever defined
Optimal Realizations
The Hyperion R Calibration Bath comprises Theadocument
blackbody titled “Optimal
cavity Realizations”oftells
for calibration us that
radiation
CCT/96-8 apyrometers. An important
document issued by the factor
CCT is in that
1996its operation
these Fixed range includes
Points must beambient
contained temperature.
in quartz in such a
describes a set of constraints and procedures which way that the internal pressure of argon can be measured
The temperature
would produce of therealizations
the most accurate cavity can be set to and
of the within 0.1°C at any point from -10°C to +80°C.
adjusted to I bar at the freeze point.
ITS-90 in the world.
This elegant, modern-styled range has beenItdesigned to work
also specifies that from
Cells ahaving
series6Nof (99.9999%)
Peltier modules,
purity
During two years
whichwhen
can Isotech was either
be used upgrading its Primary
to heat or to cool a metalITS-90
will realize block.with
In conjunction with a asspecially
typical depressions tabled
Laboratory in preperation microprocessor-based
programmed for a new accreditation controller
from it offers a unique concept
above. Further that the useableindepth
calibration
below sources.
the metal
UKAS. We created a laboratory in which we realized the
ITS-90 temperature scale in terms described in “Optimal surface of the cell should be at least 20cm.
Realizations”.
temperature will be maintained whether theHavingsource studied
needs tothese and other
be cooled requirements of the
or heated.
So when the term optimal realization is used in this document, Isotech developed and can offer you fixed
databook it is to be understood that the cell or apparatus points conforming to the ideals of optimal realizations.
conforms to the highest possible standards.
Furthermore the metal purity is guaranteed to be
Those interested in optimally realizing ITS-90 should 99.99995% (6N5) or above, halving the offsets listed. We
consult the document CCT/96-8 and Isotech’s Journal of
are therefore offering embodiments of higher accuracy
Thermometry 10.1.
than ever before available commercially.
The Water Triple Point Cell and Apparatus, the Gallium
Melt Point Cell and Apparatus and the Mercury Triple In fact if you have a special need we can offer purities of
Point Cell already described meet the requirements of 6N8, 7N, or even for gallium 8N purity.
Optimal Realizations. Optimal Realizations are transportable and are assembled
Above gallium, ITS-90 requires:- on site into one of two designs (see figures 1 and 2).
Indium 156.5985ºC -0.5mK typical 6N purity Additionally they can be supplied with UKAS certification
Tin Model No 982
231.9280ºC -0.3mK typical 6N purity for proven traceability.
ZincCase size (approx) Height-0.5mK
419.5270ºC 300mm typical 6N purity A vacuum and pure gas supply is required to protect the
Width 660.3230ºC
Aluminium 265mm Depth-0.7mK
180mm typical 6N purity Cells from contamination. Isotech can supply a complete
Silver Cavity size 50mm-1.1mK
961.7800ºC diameter, 150mm
typicaldeep
6N purity system, please request details.
Fig of
1 20°C) 0.995 Emissivity, Compact
Stability ±0.1°C
Power 200w
Options
Fig 2
2. Probe 935-14-16
3. Carry Case
How to Order
one/14
Sealed & Open
Fixed Point Cells 1084.62ºC
to
156.5985ºC
Sealed Cells
First developed during the 1970’s by Henry Sostmann these cells meet all the requirements of science and
industry for Fixed Point Realizations of ITS-90.
The cells now offered by Isotech have been increased in purity and length to conform to the idealized
requirements of optimal realizations except that we have sealed in 1 atmosphere of 6N pure argon at the
freeze temperature for you. Sealed optimal realizations of ITS-90 are made from metal exceeding 6N5
purity and have a useable depth below the metal surface of more than 200mm. They come complete with
Inconel basket, a carry case and the necessary heat shunts and reflectors to enable them to fit into our
apparatus.
Sealed cells must be hand carried. UKAS certification is also available for sealed cells (see Databook 5).
Lastly we can still offer our standard sealed cell with guaranteed 6N purity while stocks last.
Features of Isotech Optimal Realisations (sealed or open cells)
Purity (1) Typical Depression (2) Well depth below (3) Variation with
from ITS-90 (mK) metal surface (mm) Depth (mK/metre) Pressure (mK/bar)
Mercury 7N 0.02 200 7.1 5.4
TP. H20 n/a 0.04 290 -0.73 -7.5
Ga 8N 0.01 260 -1.2 -2.0
In 6N5 0.25 200 3.3 4.9
Sn 6N5 0.15 200 2.2 3.3
Zn 6N5 0.25 200 2.7 4.3
Al 6N5 0.35 200 1.6 7.0
Ag 6N5 0.55 200 5.4 6.0
Cu 6N5 1.0 200 2.6 3.3
(1) Analysis by emission spectograph. Results in ppm wt (6N5 0.5ppm)
(2) Assuming the law of Dilute Solutions (ref CCT/96-8. P6)
(3) Minimum values All Cells are intended for use in, and are dimensionally compatible,
with the appropriate Isotech furnaces.
Cells of International Acceptance Diameter typically 50mm
99.99995% purity, ITS-90 Fixed Points Length (sealed cell) typically 275mm excluding sealing tip
Length (open cell)
Fact: Indium, Tin, Lead, Zinc 520mm to underneath of flange
UKAS
Isotech is the only Antimony, Aluminium, 610mm to underneath of flange
ited to certify
Laboratory accred Silver, Copper
Fixed Point Cells *Thermometer Below metal surface 200mm

immersion
*N.B. clients often confuse the immersion in the cell with the total
immersion.
over which length the temperature gradient should be less then 1ºC
if the apparatus is operated properly.
Weight 2.5kg or less, depending on metal
How to order
ITL-M-17668 Indium 156.5985°C
ITL-M-17669 Tin 231.928°C
ITL-M-17670 Lead (secondary) 327.462°C
ITL-M-17671 Zinc 419.527°C
ITL-M-18204 Antimony (secondary) 630.63°C
ITL-M-17672 Aluminium 660.323°C
ITL-M-17673 Silver 961.78°C
ITL-M-17674 Copper 1084.62°C
Quote model no and then add S for Sealed Cell or 0 for Open Cell.
Sealed Cells will be supplied if no additional instructions are given.
Other metals to special order.
one/15
Sealed & Open
Fixed Point Cells
Isotech UltraThePure-Metal
HyperionFreezing Point Cells are
R Calibration designed
Bath comprises a blackbody
reciprocal cavity accepted
agreement for calibration
at most of radiation
National
specifically topyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature.Isotech
realize the liquid-solid equilibrium temperatures Laboratories, is furnished with each cell, alternatively
of certain high-purity metal elements, for calibration of is uniquely UKAS accredited to verify the cells. A
thermometers at the
The ITS-90 Fixedof
temperature Points. comprehensive
the cavity can be set to within 0.1°C at Manual and Tutorial
any point from is-10°C
also supplied.
to +80°C.
Defining points of the ITS-90 include the freezing points of During the 1970’s Mr. Sostmann and a dedicated team of
pure metals asThis elegant,
shown modern-styled
in the table range has beentechnologists
in the Specifications. designed todeveloped
work from a series
a unique of of
range Peltier
Fixed modules,
Point Cells
which can be used either to heat
1. Cells are available as Sealed or Open Cells. All Cells or to cool
that awere
metal block.
sealed In
from conjunction
atmospheric with a specially
contamination. He
programmed microprocessor-based controllerundertook
it offersinternational
a unique inter-comparisons
concept in and his sources.
calibration first results
contain the thermometric metals in graphite crucibles,
were published in 1972.
surrounded by an envelope of pure fused quartz. Sealed Cells
are completelyWith this in
enclosed bath, a and
quartz temperature
filled with anabove, below
inert gas, As or at ambient
part of the OIML temperature
committee canMr.beSostmann
set and this was
which assumes temperature
a pressure ofwill
one be maintained
standard whether
atmosphere at thethe instrumental
source needs to be cooled
in introducing or new
these heated.
designs and a new
freeze point. Sealed Cells are consequently protected against point Gallium onto the scale which was eventually to become
contamination and the influence of ambient pressure. Open ITS-90.
Cells include a gas port. A proper atmosphere must be As part of the Yellow Springs company Mr. Sostmann’s Cells,
supplied with suitable gas-handling and purification together with specially developed apparatus designed only to
equipment. Unless circumstances are unusual, Isotech provide the best possible environment for the cells and
recommends Sealed Cells for all calibration laboratories. thermometers that accompanied the Cells were distributed,
2. All Cells are equipped with a re-entrant well for the tested and accepted world-wide and when in 1988 Yellow
insertion of a Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer. Springs decided to sell this division of the company to
The well’s inside diameter is 8mm. The depth is sufficient to Isotech, Henry followed and became a consultant in the
avoid stem losses in the thermometer being calibrated when transfer of the methods of manufacture, ensuring that none
used in conjunction with Isotech apparatus. of the science or skills were lost.
3. Sealed Cells are supplied with an Inconel Cell Holder, Following H. Sostmann’s traditions, Isotech have continued to
which is used to (a) contain the Cell (b) accommodate develop and improve the range by being able to issue an
insulation above the Cell (c) allow lifting the Cell from the Internationally traceable UKAS certificate with each cell.
Model No 982
furnace (which must be done with tin, in realizing the In 1994 Mr. Sostmann was presented with Americas highest
equilibrium) metrology award for his outstanding contribution and
Widthof
4. The mass 265mm Depth 180mm
metal contained in the cell varies from 0.5kg devotion to temperature metrology.
(aluminium)Cavity
to 1.5kg
size (silver). The volume
50mm diameter, of metal
150mm deep is the same When you purchase an Isotech Sealed Freeze Cell you are not
in all cells. just purchasing a kilo of metal inside a graphite crucible
Weight 10kg Low sealed
Temperature
5. Sealed Cells must be regarded as fragile and cannot endure within aRadiation Pyrometer
quartz shell, Primarythe
you are getting Source
fruits of 20 to
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C (with an ambient 50mm30 Cavity
years ofDiameter
experience and learning of not only how to make
the risks of commercialoftransportation.
20°C) Isotech recommends
such0.995 Emissivity,
an artifact Compact
without introducing contamination but an
that they be hand-carried from the factory, or from Leico
Emissivity Greater than .995 Internationally accepted embodiment of an ITS-90 fixed
Industries Inc in New York, where they are usually in stock.
point, which has been fully evaluated in the premier UKAS
Pick-up in England will provide
Stability ±0.1°C an opportunity for a visit to the
laboratory.
Isotech Laboratory and some training in the use of Cells.
Power 200w
As pedigree you can rest assured that over 600 other
6. Open Cells may be shipped by common carrier, as a kit of
Uniformity ± 0.5°C. laboratories throughout the world are also relying on the
components to be assembled by the user. Assembly
Accuracy Between indicated and actual same make of Sealed Fixed Point cell.
instructions are provided.
temperature agrees with National One disadvantage of any sealed item is that unless you can
7. Confidence is the main requirement
Standards to betterfrom
than a±2°C.
Cell purchased
fit a pressure gauge to it, you do not know whether the seal
commercially. Isothermal’s cells have been in production for
Options is still good.
more than 20 years and are successfully in use in National and
Primary An innovation, suggested by Phil Metz is that we can now
to 40mm,Laboratories
30mm, 20mm or world-wide.
10mm.
energise the gas inside the cell and check that there is no leak.
A
2. Cell's performance is uniquely described only in conjunction
Probe 935-14-16
with the apparatus used to create and maintain the freeze This development has removed the last concern about
3. Carry Case Isotech’s Sealed Cells.
plateau. Isothermal's Cells and apparatus have been
evaluated successfully by a number of National Laboratories.
All results
How to Order have been within the National Laboratories
Free accessories: nel
Model 982 Hyperion
uncertainty R
at the respective fixed points. lls include an Inco
Please state supply voltage and options required Isotech Sealed Ce pplied free
rry case su
The long and successful history of our Cells and apparatus Cell Holder and ca 3 cera m ic
with 2 or
and the confidence this fact brings, is the main advantage in of charge, together at inum foil -
aving Pl
selecting Isothermal’s product. ‘bricks’ and interle iniu m an d
the Alum
8. A certificate of verification, traceable to NPL and by recommended for
t mea su rements
Silver poin
one/16
Traceability
"Traceability" is the ability to show an unbroken chain of relationships between a measurement and a
calibration by an ultimate authority, usually one’s own National Laboratory, or a recognized fundamental
constant of nature. The Fixed Points of the ITS-90, which are realized by means of the equipment discussed
in this section, are fundamental constants of nature and satisfy any requirement for traceability to accepted
values of natural constants.
It is often convenient (and, where auditors are unfamiliar with the Scale, necessary) to establish, as well,
traceability to calibration by a legal authority. Isotech is an accredited Laboratory of the British UKAS
system, and can, uniquely, UKAS certify its Fixed Point Cells.
Through a system of international documents of metrological equivalence, Isotech’s measurements and
certificates are legally traceable to a number of other National Laboratories. A document entitled "The
Recognition of Equivalence of the National Standards of the U.K. and the U.S.A. for the Measurement of
Temperature" (copy on request) became effective on October 14, 1986, and establishes traceability from
Isotech’s UKAS certificates to NIST. In addition, NPL has negotiated agreements with National Calibration
Services in a number of other countries, with the same end result of traceability. These countries, the
National Organizations, and the effective year are shown in the table below.
Realization. traceability and mutual recognitions.

CCT/96-8 says:
Purpose of an International Temperature Scale.
The purpose of an International Temperature Scale is to specify Internationally agreed procedures and
practical thermometers that enable laboratories to independently realize the scale and/or to independently
determine highly reproducible values of temperature, closely approximating the thermodynamic
temperature but more easily and accurately measured, such that the disagreement among measured
temperature values obtained from independent realizations or determinations is small compared to the
uncertainty of the thermodynamic values.
This is realization.
To work Nationally or Internationally the realization needs traceability, this is ideally achieved by
accompanying the Cell with a UKAS certificate. The UKAS procedure follows the ideals laid out in CCT/96-
8.
A series of International agreements means that a certificate issued in one country is, by mutual recognition
accepted in another. A partial list is presented below.
Traceability of Measurements on a National and International Basis

COUNTRY ACCREDITING BODY DATE OF EQUIVALENCE AGREEMENT
Australia NATA 1985
Germany DKD 1981
France BNM, RNE 1988
Hong Kong HOKLAS 1989
Italy SIT 1982
The Netherlands NKO 1988
New Zealand Telarc 1985
Sweden SMO 1988
Switzerland SCS 1989
United States NIST 1986
UKAS calibration certificates issued by Isotech are legally traceable to National Standards in the Nations listed.
one/17
Nitrogen
Boiling Point Apparatus
The
The Isotech Nitrogen
Hyperion Boiling Point
R Calibration Apparatus
Bath is designed
comprises specifically
a blackbody to realize
cavity and maintain
for calibration of the liquid-
radiation
-185.8468ºC
or
vapour equilibrium
pyrometers. (boiling point)
An important factor of nitrogen
is that or argon,range
its operation for the calibration
includes of thermometers
ambient temperature.on the
-195.798ºC International Temperature Scale of 1990.
The Boiling
The temperature of the cavity
Point Apparatus can be set to
is self-contained within
and 0.1°C atbyany
refrigerated point
liquid from -10°C
nitrogen to argon,
or liquid +80°C.which
must be supplied by the user. Either liquid is suitable for the purpose. Liquid nitrogen is generally less
costly and more readily available than liquid argon. The Apparatus does not require electrical power for its
operation.
The Boiling Point Apparatus will maintain the liquid-vapour equilibrium of nitrogen (-195.798°C) or of argon
(-185.8468°C) indefinitely,
With this bath, provided above,
a temperature boiled-off gas isor
below replenished.
at ambient temperature can be set and this
temperature
ITS-90 specifieswill
thebe maintained
triple whether
point of argon the source
(-189.3442°C) as needs
the lowto beofcooled
end or heated.
the long-stem Standard Platinum
Resistance Thermometer range. As a practical matter, realization of this triple point is a costly (in
equipment and time) and complicated process.
Most laboratories will choose to calibrate this end of the platinum range by comparison of the
thermometer under test with a thermometer of known calibration. National Laboratories themselves will
invariably calibrate thermometers submitted to them by comparison, realising the actual argon triple point
only infrequently for calibration of their own reference thermometers. The
National Physical Laboratory of England makes this statement:
“Most thermometers (submitted for calibration) will involve N.B.:
t apparatus may be
measurements (by) ... comparison with NPL standards in a bath of The Nitrogen poin ease
th liquid argon. Pl
liquid nitrogen (about -196°C)” adapted for use wi .
for details
contact the factory
Model 18205 Comparator is designed for precisely such
comparison calibration. It comprises a stainless steel dewar, an
innerNo
Model equalizing
982 block having wells for 3 thermometers, top connections for filling and monitoring the level
of liquid coolant, a pressure safety blow-off and a manifold which may be used to thermally tie the
thermometers under test to the equalizing block with helium gas (optional).
Since the slopes (dR/dT) of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers are very similar at any
Cavity size
50mm diameter, 150mm deep
temperature, calibration uncertainties not larger than 0.002K can be obtained at a small fraction of the cost
ofWeight 10kg calibration.
an absolute Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
Boiling point of Liquid Nitrogen, -195.798ºC
High Accuracy ±0.002K, Handbook/Tutorial supplied
Stability ±0.1°C
Model No ITL-M-18205 Self-contained, Bench mounted
Power 200w
Temperature Range -185°C or -196°C
Accuracy ±0.002ºC
Uncertainties The temperature distrbution across the
copper block is less than 2mK.
To this must be added the uncertainty
Options issued with the calibration certificate
1. Set of 4 orifice plates tofrom thecavity
restrict National Laboratory.
aperture diameter
to 40mm, 30mm, 20mm orExtra 10mm. uncertainties will also exist if
dissimilar probes are compared.
2. Probe 935-14-16
Power na
3. Carry Case
Dimensions Below flange 430mm
Diameter below flange 127mm
How to Order Flange diameter 165mm
Weight 14kgs
How to order
ITL-M-18205 Nitrogen Boiling Point Apparatus
one/18
Nitrogen
Boiling Point Apparatus
Note:
Our Nitrogen Boiling Point Apparatus works at the Nitrogen boiling point because it is sealed from the
atmosphere.
Much simpler and cheaper is apparatus open to the atmosphere, whose contents continually collect liquid
oxygen from the atmosphere, and hence the boiling point is ill-defined and can vary between, that of liquid
Nitrogen towards that of liquid Oxygen.
See Databook 2 for details.
one/19
Argon Triple Point
The Argon
The Hyperion
Triple RPoint
Calibration Bath
is an ITS-90 fixedcomprises
point. a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
Our simple-to-use Argon Triple Point Apparatus is based on work done by John Ancsin of NRC.
-189.3442ºC
Not yet fully evaluated, our Argon Triple Point will appear in the next issue of Databook 1.
Model No 982
Stability ±0.1°C
Power 200w
Options
2. Probe 935-14-16
3. Carry Case
How to Order
one/20
Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell
If you need to cover the Military ambient temperature range you
need to measure from -55ºC to +125ºC.
The official ITS-90 fixed point closest to -55ºC is the Mercury Triple
Point at -38.8344ºC, some 16ºC above -55ºC.
-56.558ºC
The Carbon Dioxide Triple Point at -56.558ºC is much closer to
-55ºC, and below it.
Using 6N pure Carbon Dioxide uncertainties approaching ±0.1mK

can be realised.
lsotech’s Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell can be conditioned in

the 814 Bench Mounted Circulating Liquid Bath used with a two
stage chiller (refer to databook two) and can calibrate sensors up
to 8mm in diameter.
Key Features
● ITS-90 Secondary Point

● Close to Military Ambient minimum
temperature of -55ºC
● Accurate to ±0.001ºC
● Absolute Temperature Calibration
● Proven design
Model No. Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell

Temperature -56.558ºC
Range
Re-entrant Well 8mm diameter
440mm total depth
240mm immersion in cell
Suitable Apparatus 814 Bench Mounted Circulating
Liquid Bath with 2 Stage Chiller
(Refer to Pages 11 - 13, databook 2)
Diameter 55mm
width (incl. valve) 115mm
Weight 1kg
How to Order Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell
one/21
Furnaces
for the Primary Laboratory
The Hyperion
Apparatus to meltRand
Calibration
freeze the Bath comprises
fixed points a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
of ITS-90.
To get the best performance from the cells requires the best quality apparatus. We have, over the years,
produced many models
The temperature of thetocavity
satsify
canparticular
be set tocustomer requirements,
within 0.1°C eachfrom
at any point has -10°C
its own
to benefits
+80°C. and
temperature range.
Considering first our very best apparatus, these are a range of 3 products we call dual furnaces. Based on
a concept by Dr. Piero Marcarino of IMGC, Italy. The dual furnace is designed to have two independently
controllable furnaces. One, a simple furnace to pre-warm and anneal the thermometers being calibrated.
The
Withsecond, a heat-pipe
this bath, to perfectly
a temperature meltbelow
above, and freeze
or at the cell into
ambient which the thermometers
temperature can be set and will this
be
immersed.
These are the apparatus in my own Primary Laboratory and once you use them nothing else will do,
because they handle both the fixed point, and the thermometer’s ideal thermal path.
For those laboratories who already have furnaces for pre-warming and annealing thermometers we offer a
range of 3 heat-pipe furnaces. The dual furnaces and heat-pipe furnaces all meet the requirements of
“Optimal Realizations”.
A more economic solution to melting and freezing cells is by using three zones of heating. We offer two
three zone furnaces. These will also meet the requirements of “Optimal Realizations”.
Lastly, we have two single zone furnaces offering economic solutions to annealing and lower temperature
fixed points, the following pages detail these options.
Other products, originally designed for comparison calibration can be adapted to freeze and melt fixed
pointNo
Model cells,982
these are described fully in Databook 2.
Case sizePlateau
(approx) Height 300mm
lengths
CCT/96-8 says that a plateau length of 10 or more hours is suitable for optimal realizations.
NIST in America
Weight 10kg like to work with long plateaus whereas according to our UKAS procedure we should
calibrate an SPRT 2 or 3 times using a new plateau each time.
of 20°C)
If our apparatus is good, which it is then the length of 0.995 Emissivity,
plateau Compact
is dictated mainly by how close the set point
Emissivity Greater is
of the apparatus than
to .995
the fixed point we are realizing.
Stability ±0.1°C
Plateau lengths at the silver point of over 70 hours (3 days) have been achieved using our furnaces. From
Power 200w
a practical point we normally work with one working day long plateaus, remelting the cell overnight ready
for a new ±
Uniformity freeze
0.5°C. the next day.
Note: Standards to better than ±2°C.
Options For increased safety our High
Furnaccavity
re restrict erate
es opaperture
ratuto
1. Set of 4 orifice
Tempe
to 40mm, 30mm,m20mm
fro
plates
11 0V or
AC .
10mm.
diameter
rth leakage
To maintain low ea
2. Probe 935-14-16
0VAC -
3. Carry Case curren
ts, 230VAC and 11
Tran rmers
sfo
110VAC Isolating
are available
How to Order
one/22
Dual Furnaces
1090ºC
to
156.5985ºC
Using standard platinum resistance thermometers presents many problems due to strain and
contamination, which can too easily be introduced into the thermometer during thermal cycling.
Because such problems have been only partially understood, little published information or apparatus is
available for the safe-handling of these sophisticated devices.
At Isotech, we feel that enough information exists for us to propose a new apparatus specifically designed,
not only to create and maintain the Fixed Points of ITS-90, but also to pre- and post-condition the
thermometers to be calibrated. Thus we have incorporated a second furnace which, because of its unique
design, will safely (and without contamination) pre- and post-condition the thermometers.
To complete the apparatus, a further pre-warming tube (with a temperature approximately equal to that of
the heat-pipe) made of a unique and gas-tight material, is provided, together with a storage rack for 4
thermometers.
Method of operation
The cell is melted in an essentially gradient-free heat-pipe. When melting is complete, the heat-pipe
temperature is readjusted to be 0.5ºC below the freeze temperature of the cell. A cold rod intrduced into
the cell’s re-entrant tube initiates the freeze, to give a plateau that will last for between 12 and 24 hours.
The thermometers are removed from their storage rack and placed in the pre-conditioning furnace. The
furnace is slowly heated to the Cell temperature.
The thermometers are protected from contamination by a slow air flux around them.
One by one the thermometers are transferred into the cell for 20 to 30 minutes for calibration and thence
back to the conditioning furnace.
When all the thermometers have been calibrated, the conditioning furnace is slowly cooled back to 400ºC
whence the thermometers can safely be removed into room temperature.
And our thanks to Dr P. Marcarino of IMGC Italy for his permission to develop the idea.
Performance Essentially gradient-free heat-pipes

provide the ideal apparatus for fixed
point calibration and give the perfect
profile within the fixed point cell. The
addition of the second furnace with its
Model 17707 for Indium and Tin Fixed Point Cells air-flow enables thermometers to be
17706 for Zinc, Aluminium and Silver Fixed easily and safely calibrated. A
Point Cells comprehensive handbook accompanies
17705 for Aluminium, Silver and Copper each delivery.
Fixed Point Cells
Comparison calibration A temperature-equalising block is
Dimensions Height 960mm available for comparison calibration
(excluding holding rack) purpose.
Width 600mm Options
Depth 560mm
420-02-15 Inconel Equalizing block (17705 + 17706)
Control The heat-pipe and the thermometer 425-02-07 Aluminium Equalizing block (17707)
conditioning furnaces are controlled
independently to a resolution of 0.1ºC 824-01-00 Fan Assembly (to cool the thermometer handle)
425-06-01 Gantry (holder for thermometer)
Communications Included as standard, see page 42 for details
935-19-43 230v/110v Transformer
Over-temperature Provided on each furnace with 935-19-48 110v/110v Transformer
Protection independent sensor
How to order
Supply 110VAC, 3kw, 50/60Hz CTE ITL-M-17707 Low Temperature Dual Furnace
(230VAC and 110VAC to 110VAC Isolating
Transformers are available) ITL-M-17706 High Temperature Dual Furnace
(Model 17707 available 108 - 115 or 208 - 240 VAC) ITL-M-17705 Very High Temperature Dual Furnace
one/23
Heat Pipe
Furnaces
1090ºC
to
125ºC
The Hyperion
Heatpipes R the
provide Calibration Bath for
ideal conditions comprises a blackbody
the creation cavityoffor
and maintenance calibration
freeze of ITS-90.
points from radiation
pyrometers.
1. The furnaceAn important
core factor is that itsstress-free
is an especially-designed operationisothermal
range includes ambient
heat pipe, whichtemperature.
provides a very low
thermal gradient along the core working length. The furnace heater is of the parallel-tube design used at
NIST.
2. Theelegant,
This heat pipe is designed sorange
modern-styled that the
hasinner
beenwall is not subject
designed to thermal
to work from a expansion stressesmodules,
series of Peltier from the
outer
whichwallcanbefore
be usedthe heat pipe
either toreaches
heat orconduction
to cool atemperature.
metal block.TheInworking fluid is with
conjunction permanently and
a specially
safely sealed within
programmed the plasma-arc-welded
microprocessor-based enclosure.
controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
3. Three temperature ranges are available
Low Temperature 125ºC to 250ºC 17702W Water
High Temperature 400ºC to 1000ºC 17702P Potassium
Very High Temperature 500ºC to 1090ºC 17702S Sodium
Connections are provided for a water supply of 0.5 to 1 litre per minute to cool the top of the apparatus
(not on 17702W). Water supply and waste connections may be ordinary garden hose. Use without cooling
is not recommended above 700ºC.
4. An advanced proportional electronic control system controls the furnace temperature. The control may
be self-calibrated using Freeze Point Cells as references. Two entirely independent over-temperature safety
circuits are provided. The active safety is a second (off-on) control circuit driven by a second thermocouple.
The passive safety is a fusible link in the main power supply.
Model ITL-M-17702W (Water)

Low Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
ITL-M-17702P (Potassium)
Model No High Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
982
ITL-M-17702S (Sodium)
Very High Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
Width 265mm
Temperature Range Depth 180mm
Low Temperature
125ºC to 250°C
High Temperature
Weight 400ºC to 1000ºC
10kg Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
Very High Temperature
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C
500ºC to 1090ºC (with an ambient 50mm Cavity Diameter
Accuracy see page15 for details
Control ±0.1ºC Resolution
Stability ±0.1°C Gradient free
Communications Included as standard, see page 42 for details freezing and
Power 200w
Supply 110VAC, 3kw, 50/60Hz CTE melting of
Uniformity ± 0.5°C. and 110VAC to 110VAC Isolating
(230VAC In, Sn, Zn, Al,
Accuracy Transformers
Between are available)
indicated and actual Ag, Cu
Dimensions temperature
Height 960mm agrees with National
Width 600mm
Options Depth 560mm
1. Set of 4 orificeWeight
plates to115kg
restrict cavity aperture diameter
Options
2. Probe 935-14-16
411-01-11B Annealing Adaptor
410-02-18 Aluminium Equalizing Block (17702W)
3. Carry Case
420-02-15 Inconel Equalizing Block (17702P + 177025)
422-00-00 Special Blackbody Source with Gimbles
824-01-00 Fan Assembly (to cool the thermometer handle)
How to Order
935-19-43 230/110v Transformer
How to order
ITL-M-17702W (Water) Low Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
ITL-M-17702P (Potassium) High Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
ITL-M-17702S (Sodium) Very High Temperature Heat Pipe Furnace
one/24
Low Temperature
Furnace 17701
500ºC
to
50ºC
The Isotech Low Temperature Fixed Point Furnace is designed specifically to realize and maintain the freeze
plateaux of Isotech Indium, Tin and Zinc Fixed Point Cells, for calibration of thermometers on the
International Temperature Scale of 1990.
The Low Temperature Furnace is a single-zone furnace.
The recommended procedure for establishing a freeze plateau requires operator attention until the plateau
is realized. Following that, the Model 17701 Furnace will maintain the indium or the tin plateau, essentially
automatically, for a period of 10 to 12 hours and the zinc plateau for 6 to 8 hours.
1. The furnace core, into which the freeze-point cell is inserted, is of aluminium alloy, which provides a very
low thermal gradient along the core length. The main furnace heater is of the parallel-tube design as used
at NIST. A pre-warming tube is provided.
2. An advanced proportioning electronic control system regulates furnace temperature, using a platinum
resistance thermometer as sensing element. The control may be calibrated in-situ using Freeze Point Cells
as references.
Two entirely independent over-temperature safety devices are included. A dedicated (on-off) over-
temperature control circuit provides active safety. A fusible link in the main power circuit provides passive
safety.
3. The Low Temperature Furnace is completely self-contained, castor mounted and requires no external
supplies (except power).
Fixed Points of: Indium 156.5985ºC, Tin 231.928ºC, and

Zinc 419.527ºC, 6 to 12 Hours Plateau
Annealing Adaptor, Active and Passive Safety Circuits
photgraph of annealing adaptor
Model ITL-M-17701
Temperature Range 50ºC to 500°C
Accuracy see page 15 for details
Control 0.1ºC Resolution
Communications Included as standard, see page 42
for details
Power 1.5kW, 108-130 or 208-240VAC, 50/60Hz
Width 600mm
Depth 560mm
Weight 115kg
Options
411-01-11 Annealing Adaptor
824-01-00 Fan Assembly
How to order
ITL-M-17701
Please specify voltage required
one/25
Medium Temperature
Furnace 17703
700ºC
to
50ºC
The Isotech
The Hyperion R Calibration
Medium TemperatureBath comprises
Furnace a blackbody
is designed cavity
specifically for calibration
to realize of the
and maintain radiation
freeze
pyrometers.
plateaux An important
of Isotech factor
Indium, Tin, Zinc isand
that its operation
Aluminium Cells, range
for theincludes ambient
calibration temperature.
of thermometers on ITS-90.
It can also be used with an insert, as an annealing facility of the highest order for SPRT’s or as a comparison
The temperature
calibration facility. of the cavity can be set to within 0.1°C at any point from -10°C to +80°C.
a.
ThisThe Mediummodern-styled
elegant, Temperature Furnace
range will
hasoperate between 50°C
been designed and from
to work 700°C.a series of Peltier modules,
which
b. The can be Temperature
Medium used either Furnace
to heatis or to cool
operated bya3 metal block.
controllers in a In conjunctionconfiguration
master/slaves with a specially
which
enables
programmedsmall temperature differences tocontroller
microprocessor-based be achieved along the
it offers Furnace.
a unique This isin
concept important when
calibration freezing
sources.
cells, since the assumption made is that Cells freeze in concentric shells. This is true only if there is a small
With this bath,
temperature a temperature
gradient above,
along the furnace. below
The or atresolution
controller ambientis temperature
0.1°C. can be set and this
temperature
c. will be maintained
The recommended procedure forwhether the source
establishing needs
a freeze to be
plateau cooled
requires or heated.
operator attention until the
plateau is realized. Following that, the Furnace will maintain the plateau essentially automatically for a
period of 10 to 20 hours, (longer if the heat flux from the Cell minimised).
Fixed Points of: Indium 156.5985ºC, Tin

Model No 982
231.928ºC, Zinc 419.527ºC, and Aluminium
Case size (approx) Height 300mm 660.323ºC 10 to 20 Hour Plateau, Annealing
Width 265mm Depth 180mm Adaptor, Active and Passive Safety Circuits,
Cavity size 50mm diameter, 150mm deep Equalizing Block for Comparison Calibration
Weight
Model 10kg
ITL-M-17703 Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
Temperature Range
Temperature range -10°Cto
50ºC to700°C
80.0°C (with an ambient 50mm Cavity Diameter
Stability ±0.1°C
Power 200w
for details
Uniformity
Power ± 0.5°C.
3kW, 108-130 or 208-240 VAC, 50/60Hz
Accuracy
Dimensions Between
Height indicated and actual
960mm
temperature
Width 600mmagrees with National
Standards
Depth 560mmto better than ±2°C.
Options Weight 115g
Options
2. Probe 935-14-16
410-02-14 Aluminium Bronze Equalizing Block
3. Carry Case
824-01-00 Fan Assembly (to cool the thermometer handle)
411-01-01B Annealing Adaptor
How to Order
Modelto982
How Hyperion R
order
ITL-M-17703
Medium Temperature Furnace
one/26
3 Zone High Temperature Furnace
Model 465
1200ºC
to
200ºC
Introduction
The recent addition to our long-established range of metrology furnaces offers an alternative for those who
prefer 3 Zone furnaces to Heat-Pipe technology.
The 3 Zones create a control volume of constant temperature within the furnace in which High Temperature
Fixed Points such as Aluminium, Silver and Copper can be frozen and melted.
Because High Temperature thermometers can be easily contaminated by metallic vapours, great care has
been taken to eliminate the use of metals throughout the calibration volume.
The cell holder is made of Alumina.
For Comparison Calibration
A ceramic equalizing block is available comprising a closed ended tube, Alumina tubes to house the
sensors being compared and Alumina powder to act as an equalizing media.
Operation
The sensor for the main controller is a mineral insulated type N thermocouple which has been found to be
more stable than the type R thermocouple (see Ancsin Metrologia).
In addition two slave controllers compensate for any temperature gradient along the furnace by eliminating
any temperature difference that they sense.
Connections are provided for a water supply of 0.5 to 1 litre per minute to cool the top of the apparatus.
Water supply and waste connections may be ordinary garden hose. Use without cooling is not
recommended above 700ºC.
This 3 Zone Furnace can be used for the realizations of the Tin, Zinc, Aluminium, Silver, Gold and Copper
points, or with an optional equalizing block used for annealing or comparison calibration.
Long plateaus from Fixed Point Cells

Self-Tuning controller optimizes each Fixed Points
performace
3 zones controlled to compensate for end loss to give a
perfect profile Model No 465
Temperature Range 200°C to 1200°C
for details
Supply 110VAC, 3kw, 50/60Hz CTE
(230VAC and 110VAC to 110VAC
Isolating Transformers are available)
Width 600mm
Depth 560mm
Weight 115kg
Options
465-04-00 Cell holder assembly
465-02-06 Ceramic Equalizing Block
935-19-43 230/110v Transformer
How to order
465 3 Zone Metrological Furnace
one/27
Annealing Furnace
Model 414
1000ºC
to
ambient
The
The Annealing
Hyperion Furnace, model 414,
R Calibration Bathiscomprises
designed toa heat, anneal cavity
blackbody and cool
for SPRT’s (Standard
calibration Platinum
of radiation
Resistance Thermometers) prior to calibration. The temperature range of the Furnace
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature.- from ambient to
1000ºC enables all types of SPRT’s to be annealed.
The of
One temperature
the duties ofofa the cavity can
calibration be setmanager
laboratory to withinis 0.1°C at any
to ensure thatpoint from -10°C
the SPRT’s used into +80°C.
the Laboratory
are fully annealed and still within specification.
Just
which using
canthe
bethermometers
used either within
to heattheorlaboratory
to cool will cause block.
a metal work-hardening to take with
In conjunction placeawithin the
specially
platinum
programmedcoil ofmicroprocessor-based
the SPRT. controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
Therefore regular annealing is required to ensure the SPRT’s are in an ideal condition.
In 1990 the new temperature scale ITS-90 specified the use of SPRT’s up to the Silver point (961.78ºC). At
these temperatures quartz is very porous and in reducing atmospheres the SPRT’s can quickly become
contaminated.
The Isotech Annealing Furnace offers a safe solution for those who wish to anneal SPRT’s up to 1000ºC.
To prevent contamination at high temperatures a constant flux of pre-heated air passes the SPRT’s being
annealed.
A comprehensive handbook accompanies the Furnace.
This Furnace is installed simply and requires no maintenance.
Model No 982
Cavity size 50mm diameter, 150mm deep Maintenance Free Use. Available with programmable
Weight 10kg controller with communications
Designed to pre-warm and anneal Standard Platinum
of 20°C) Resistance Thermometers
Model No
Emissivity 414
Greater than .995
Temperature Range
Stability Ambient
±0.1°C to 1000°C
Control
Power 0.1ºC
200w Resolution
Communications
Uniformity Included
± 0.5°C. as standard, see page 42
for details
Supply 110VAC, 3kw,agrees
temperature 50/60Hz CTE
with National
(230VAC
Standardsand
to 110VAC to 110VAC
better than ±2°C.
Isolating Transformers are available)
Options
Dimensions
1. Set of 4 orifice plates toHeight
restrict800mm
cavity aperture diameter
to 40mm, 30mm, 20mm orWidth 10mm. 400mm
Depth 620mm
2. Probe 935-14-16
Weight 40kg
3. Carry Case
Options
How to Order 230/110v Transformer
935-19-43
Model 982 Hyperion
935-19-48 R
110v/110v Transformer
How to order
414 Annealing Furnace
one/28
Meyers
Thermometer
450ºC
(500ºC
for
annealing)
In Isotech’s “Realizing ITS-90” collection of products we have tried to build respectfully on those
foundations that were already in place - more specifically those products of Henry Sostmann and Jim Cross. to
-200ºC
There is another product that we strongly believe deserves inclusion in our collection, the Standard
Platinum Resistance Thermometer of C. H. Meyers. This product is currently in production at YSI Inc.in Ohio
and we have arranged with them that their SPRT be included in Databook 1.
This thermometer is the direct descendent of those developed by C. H. Meyers at the NBS in the early
1930’s. Meyers’ paper, Coiled Filament Platinum Resistance Thermometers, is reprinted in the Isotech
Journal of Thermometry along with an informative introduction by Henry Sostmann.
Meyers produced some number of these as a home business and then it was transferred to Leeds and
Northrup. L&N produced them for many years. In early 1981, the product was acquired by YSI and
transferred by Henry Sostmann. In this transfer every effort was made to preserve its history and excellent
performance. The goal was to change nothing. Nearly 20 years later, it indeed appears that this was
successful.
This thermometer was the ideal interpolation device for the IPTS-68, however the ITS-90 offers
temperature ranges where the mica construction of these thermometers is not suitable. It can give
excellent performance over the range Argon through Zinc.
There are two forms of the YSI SPRT. In one, the 8163, the sensor element consists of a bifilar coiled coil
of platinum. The 8167 consists of a simple bifilar solenoid type coil of platinum. In this design the platinum
wire is all very close to the inside surface of the quartz tube giving a shorter time constant. In actual use,
there is virtually no difference in performance, the choice is only one of personal preference.
As a result of the evolution of calibration requirements, due in part to ITS-90, YSI introduced another model
of each type with a sheath length of 560mm in addition to those with the traditional 470mm length. These
longer types with the model number suffixed L, are otherwise identical.
Two Types of Thermometers
ITL 8163 and 8167 SPRTs are designed for measurements from -200 to +500ºC. Both have protection tubes of
fused quartz. The only difference between them is the time constant: 6 seconds for the ITL 8163, 3.5 seconds
for the 8167. Your preference is the only basis for the choice.
We supply each thermometer with a protective case for 8163 8163L 8167 8167L
storage and shipping. RTPW and WGA are also included. Useable range -200ºC to +500ºC
Calibration Reports Calibration range -196ºC to +420ºC
With each SPRT, you may order a UKAS calibration report, Ro 25.5Ω
relating temperature to resistance. Standard calibration Sheath material Quartz
ranges are listed in Databook 5.
Filled with dry air
Time constant* 6 secs 3.5 secs
Length under handle 470mm 560mm 470mm 560mm
Immersion 7” min to 14” max
Sensing length 33mm
Lead wires 4 lead flexible copper cable
2.4m long with gold plated connector lugs
* to 63% of final value in water moving at 1fps
How to order
ITL-M-8163
ITL-M-8163L
ITL-M-8167
ITL-M-1867L
With or without UKAS Calibration
State range - see Databook 5
one/29
Standard Thermometer
Model 670
670ºC
to This
The isHyperion
the first new thermometer,
R Calibration aftercomprises
Bath the introduction of ITS-90,
a blackbody to befor
cavity specifically designed
calibration to give
of radiation
-200ºC optimum
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature. lead
performance up to the aluminium point. Its construction permits the four internal platinum
wires to expand and contract in the same manner as those of silver-point thermometers. The all-quartz
The temperature
construction of the of the cavity can gives
support-members be setthetomost
within 0.1°C
stable at any point
performance withfrom -10°C
minimal to and
drift, +80°C.
a unique
platinum radiation shield prevents heat radiating up the inside of the sheath. The temperature range and
This elegant,
design modern-styled
of this new unit means range
that wehas been
offer 25.5Ωdesigned
(Ro). Theto construction,
work from aincluding
series ofthePeltier
coiledmodules,
sensing
which can
element, be used
heat-shunt either
baffles andtolight
heat or to cool
scattering a metal
barriers, createsblock. In conjunction
a thermometer with a specially
of unsurpassed stability.
programmed
Because the 670microprocessor-based controllerrange
goes beyond the temperature it offers a unique
of oxide concept
growth to the in calibration
level at which sources.
the oxide
dissociates, the 670 is filled conventionally with argon containing 10% oxygen.
A 2-metre length of low thermal emf, high temperature, screened cable is connected in the handle, via a
strain-relieving transition, to the all pure-platinum construction of the thermometer. Gold-plated U-shaped
terminals complete the cable construction, and the 670 is delivered in an elegant soft lined carry-case of
our own design.
A 670 is delivered only after a stabilising process which is complete when the reproducibility of RTPW is
within 0.0005°C after excursions to the extremes of its temperature range. Values of RTPW and WGA are
routinely provided with the 670.
The 670 can be supplied with RTPW and WGA only or with full UKAS calibration. "With calibration" means
that you will get an Internationally accepted Fixed Point calibration.
For best accuracy, recommended maximum measuring currents for the 670 is 1mA although up to 10 times
this current should not permanently damage the standard.
A comprehensive handbook and tutorial will help you get the very best performance and stability from your
670.
The thermometer
Model No 982 has a standard length of 650mm.
Model No 670/25.5
Stability ±0.1°C
Temperature Range
Power -200°C
200w to 670°C
Resistance Value (ºC) 25.5Ω
Uniformity Ro
± 0.5°C.
Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer
Resistance Ratio WBetween
Accuracy GA>1.11807 indicated and actual
astemperature
required by agrees
ITS-90 with National
Sensitivity 0.1Ω/ºC
Options
Long term drift from 0.001ºC/year
to 40mm, 30mm,
Calibration 20mm or
(UKAS) 10mm.
Water T.P., Tin F.P., Zinc F.P., Aluminium
F.P. with print-out of temperature at
2. Probe 935-14-16
W-intervals of 0.01. Please see Databook 5
3. Carry Case
See T.T.I. 2 and T.T.I. 3 for suitable readout instrument.
How
How to Order
order
Model
Model 670/25.5
982 Hyperion R
State
Please“with
stateUKAS Calibration”
supply voltage andoroptions
“without UKAS Calibration”.
required
Refer to Databook 5 for temperature ranges.
In default of information you will be supplied with a 670/25.5
without calibration
one/30
Standard Thermometer
Model 670
N.B. Please note that

if the sheath
becomes broken it
is not possible to re
seal it; however, if -
it is possible to rem
the broken fragmen ove
ts, another sheath
be supplied to fit ov can
er the internal parts
provided that thes ,
e have not been
damaged or contam
inated. Use should
then be restricted
to 0ºC and above
SPRT’s
Having selected the finest cells and apparatus these must be matched by the finest SPRT’s. With nearly thirty years
experience of manufacturing platinum resistance thermometers for science and industry it is not surprising that we have
developed the finest standard thermometers.
Two models offer outstanding performance and are the preferred standards at Isotech’s Primary Laboratory. These are
the 670/25 and the 96178/0.25 thermometers. Extensive evaluations have been written about the thermometers which
are available free of charge.
The benefits to your laboratory are increased stability, longer life with better performance and less contamination.
one/31
A New Silver Point
Thermometer 96178
1000ºC
to
0ºC The Hyperion
Isotech R Calibration
has produced Bath
over 200 high comprisesthermometers
temperature a blackbody cavity
which havefor
beencalibration of radiation
sold world-wide for use
up
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature. more
to the silver point. As a consequence of our pre-delivery testing alone we have probably made
silver point calibrations than anyone else in the world.
Theone
No temperature of theall
fully appreciates cavity can be set to
the mechanisms at within 0.1°C
work when a at
coilany pointplatinum
of pure from -10°C
wire to +80°C.
inside a quartz
envelope is taken to 1000°C and back. However, endless hours of study at National and International level,
plus our own significant work at Isotech, have enabled us to design, build and test a superior Silver-Point
which can beThis,
Thermometer. used
weeither
feel, is to heat or contribution
a significant to cool a metal block.
to better high In conjunction
temperature with a specially
calibration.
First, the 96178 can breathe, a valve in the handle can be opened to allow oxygen depleted or moist air to
escape
With thisfrombath,
insideathe sheath and replacement
temperature above, below by fresh
or atairambient
containing 20% oxygen.can
temperature Thebe
valve
setis and
normally
this
opened at elevated temperatures and closed to prevent moisture ingress before water triple point
measurements are performed.
Second, the 96178 is the only thermometer ever designed with platinum heat radiation shields built into the
sheath, to prevent heat radiating up inside the sheath.
Third, a new ultra pure quartz, developed for the semiconductor industry at a cost of between 20 and 30
million pounds, has been adopted for use in the construction of the 96178. This new thermometer
exemplifies our commitment to achieve the highest possible quality and minimum of contamination.
How the thermometer is handled is most important for its stability and a purchaser will receive a
comprehensive manual and tutorial with each 96178.
Under some circumstances, provided the interior of the thermometer is undamaged we can replace the
outer quartz sheath. Please consult us if a replacement is required.
To exploit fully the accuracy of the 96178, a user will need a furnace for warming and annealing the
thermometer as well as one to house the silver-point/aluminum-point cells.
A Dual
Model No Calibration
982 Furnace from Isotech combines these two features together with all the special
accessories and handling
know-how we have discovered. See page 23

Model No 96178
Temperature Range 0°C to 1000°C
Resistance Value (ºC) 0.25Ω (others to special request)
Resistance Ratio W
ofGA>1.11807
20°C) 0.995 Emissivity, Compact
Length
Emissivity 650mm
Greater than .995
Diameter
Stability 7.5mm
±0.1°C
Drift during use Power 200w
a. Smallest When taken to 970ºC slowly over 1 to 2 hours and
cooled slowly again (overnight) to 450ºC, the
triple point
Accuracy of waterindicated
Between resistance willactual
and repeat to
better than a temperature
temperature equivalent
agrees of 0.0005ºC.
with National
b. Largest Standards
When thermally to better
shocked from than ±2°C.
970ºC to 20ºC the
triple point of water resistance will increase by a
Options
temperature-equivalent of up to 35mK; this is
mostly recoverable upon annealing at 650ºC for a
few hours and then cooling slowly (overnight) to
2. Probe 935-14-16 450ºC.
Long term drift Most changes occur during heating and cooling. If
3. Carry Case
this process is done carefully, long term stabilities
of a few mK per year can be expected, with
reproducibility at the silver point of 3 to 5 mK.
How to Order
How tostate
Please order
supply voltage and options required
Model 96178/0.25
Then state “with UKAS calibration” or “without UKAS calibration”.
Refer to Databook 5 for temperature ranges
one/32
A New Silver Point
Thermometer 96178
Isotech Note
Why choose 0.25Ω for HTSPRT’s?
Note1: It is necessary to make the former on which the platinum is wound of high-purity quartz. Even quartz does not
provide absolute isolation at the high temperature end of the range. The former, or mandrel, is thus a shunt resistance
across the platinum winding, and because of the uncertainty of the contacts between platinum and quartz, it is
uncertain and unstable in magnitude. The practicable solution is to reduce the element resistance so that the shunt
resistance produces a smaller network effect. For example, for a 25.5Ω thermometer, suppose that the shunt resistance
were 20 MΩ. Then the network resistance is 25.499967Ω. But we require measurement assurance of better than 1 part
per million, so this won’t do, even if the shunt were a constant (calibratable) value, which it is not. For a 0.25Ω
thermometer, a 20 MΩ shunt gives a network resistance of 0.24999997Ω, which is tolerable. The cost, and there is a
cost, is increased difficulty on the electrical measurement side, particularly in the face of noise, which is present at high
temperatures.
Note2: Gases, like Iron, Chromium, Nickel under reducing conditions, can penetrate the quartz sheath and poison the
platinum.
It is necessary to purchase not only the 96178, but items such as the Dual Furnace to ensure that your high temperature
thermometer does not become contaminated.
Only Isotech offers a comprehensive solution to the measurement and use High Temperature Thermometry.
Note3: Our know-how and expertise in the field of High Temperature thermometry has been written down and is
available in the Isotech Journal of Thermometry. See Databook 5.
one/33
Model No 982
Stability ±0.1°C
Power 200w
Options
2. Probe 935-14-16
3. Carry Case
How to Order
one/34
Bridges and resistors
for the Primary Laboratory
With cells, apparatus and thermometers of the highest quality. A Primary Laboratory only requires the finest
bridges and resistors.
In Isotech’s Primary Laboratory we are fortunate enough to have two of the finest bridges available. The
Measurements International 6010 and the A.S.L. F18. Each has its own merits. However, for our most
accurate intercomparisons, where differences of temperature of I or 2 microdegrees can be measured. We
find the software/hardware combination of the Measurements International Bridge our preferred choice:
A limited edition has been made especially for us and our customers, called the T.T.l.3 (True Temperature
Indicator 3). It conveniently has its connections on the front panel.
With the T.T.l.3 and its automatic software program we can measure temperature differences of 1 or 2µK.
Ask for our free technical document describing our special measuring technique, surpassing even UKAS
requirements.
To enable such small measurements, very accurate resistors are required and they need to be maintained
at a very stable temperature. This section of the databook describes the main features of bridge resistors
and maintenance bath.
one/35
True Temperature
Indicator 3 (T.T.I. 3)
962ºC
to
-259ºC
This
The isHyperion
our mostRsophisticated
Calibration instrument.
Bath comprises a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
pyrometers. An important factor
This automated bridge is made for is that itsMeasurements
us by operation range includes ambient
International temperature.
of Canada. Isotech call it
the
The T.T.I. 3. It is the
temperature of solution
the cavitytocan
sub-millikelvin measurement
be set to within problems.
0.1°C at any In co-operation
point from with the
-10°C to +80°C.
National Research Council in Ottawa, this design has been tested and approved to the highest
This elegant,
standards. Usedmodern-styled
in conjunctionrange
withhas
twobeen designed
or more of ourtostandard
work from a series
PRT’s of Peltier
this bridge modules,
is capable of
which
the mostcan be used either
demanding to heat or to cool a metal block. In conjunction with a specially
measurements.
programmed microprocessor-based
Thermometers are described on pages controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
29 to 33.
With
A this Matrix
20-way bath, aScanner
temperature
and fullabove, below
software or at
control ambient with
is available temperature can be set and this
this indicator.
temperature will be maintained whether theThe source needs to be cooled or heated.
only changes made for us by this supplier is the
repositioning of the terminals to the front panel for
Accuracy <0.05 PPM
ease of use.
Linearity <0.01 PPM Stand alone operation or IEEE-488 bus controllable
Resolution 0.001 PPM of Full Scale Auto balancing measurements to nine significant
Stability <0.02 PPM/Year digits
Measurement Range 1.5 to 1 Ratio Microprocessor controlled self calibration
Lead Connections True Four Terminal
Measurement Time <20 Seconds to Full Balance
Filter Selection 0.5s, 1.0s, 3s, None
Thermometers 0.25, 2.5, 25.5, 100 Ohms
StandardModel No
Resistor 982to 1000 Ohms
0.1
Range
Sensor
Width Current
265mm Reversed
Depth 180mmDC (Frequency: 2 to 1000
seconds), Resolution 16 bits, Ranges
Cavity size 50mm
2µA, diameter,
20µA, 200µA,150mm
2mA, deep
20mA, 200mA
FS √2 & 1/√2 of any value, Accuracy Stand alone operation or IEEE-488 bus controllable
Weight 10kg Low Temperature Radiation PyrometertoPrimary Source digits
100 PPM, Temperature Coefficient 5 Auto balancing measurements nine significant
Temperature range PPM/ºC,
-10°C to Output
80.0°C Impedance: Infinite
(with an ambient 50mm Linearity
Cavity Diameter
of 0.02ppm or better
Noise <2nV Measurement range from 0.001 ohms to 10 kilohms
Insulation resistance >1011 (typically 1012)
Stability ±0.1°C
Temperature 0
Coefficient
Power 200w
IEEE488Uniformity
Interface Yes
± 0.5°C.
General Accuracy Between indicated and actual
Thermometer temperature
Four Terminalagrees with
Front or National
Rear Panel
Connections: Standards tofor
Connections better than standard
external ±2°C.
Options resistor and sensor connections.
1. SetBalancing
of 4 orifice plates toAutomatic
Modes: restrict cavity aperture
via Front diameter
Panel Push Buttons
to 40mm, 30mm, 20mm or&10mm. IEEE488
2. Probe 935-14-16
Power 110/120/220/240 Vac 50/60 Hz 40 VA
3. Carry Case
Warm-up-time No Warm Up
Ambient Temperature 10ºC to 35ºC
How to Order Size 266mm x 451mm x 306mm
Weight
Please state supply voltage22.7
andKg
options required
An Enhanced accuracy TT13H.A. is available with accuracy
<0.02ppm. Please contact Isotech for details
one/36
True Temperature
Indicator 3 (T.T.I. 3)
AUTOMATED RESISTANCE THERMOMETER BRIDGE SYSTEM:

APPLICATIONS ELIMINATES THERMOCOUPLE EFFECTS
Calibration of resistance standards Model T.T.I 3 eliminates thermocouple effects sometimes
Calibration of resistance boxes generated during DC measurements. A generator reversal
technique is used to effectively cancel out any errors
Calibration of platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) created by thermal voltages that may appear during
measurements. Generator reversal rates from 4 to 1000
THE T.T.I 3 RESISTANCE BRIDGE seconds can be selected in 1 second intervals. The DC
generator reversal rate also eliminates the quadrature
Improvements on the basic principle of the Direct Current
component normally associated with AC resistance bridges.
Comparator are the basis for Measurements
International’s Model T.T.I.3 self-balancing
resistance/thermometer bridge. Used as a stand alone OPERATION
bridge for ratio measurements or controlled over the Menu driven firmware for the T.T.I 3 bridge is displayed
IEEE-488 interface bus for measuring resistance and on the front panel LCD display. Menus control all of the
temperature, the Model T.T.I 3 was designed to decrease measurement parameters using the function and
the workload of calibration personnel while increasing numerical buttons located directly below the display.
throughput with better uncertainties. Setup parameters include selecting: generator current
The Model T.T.I 3 meets the laboratory requirements of (Ix) through the PRT or standard resistor, generator
scaling between the certified 1 ohm standard resistor and reversal rate (settling time). A measurement sequence is
10 kilohm standard resistors. With a measurement range then initiated by selecting the measurement function,
of 0.001 ohm to 10 kilohms and a resolution of ±0.01 either continuous or a set number of measurements.
ppm of full scale, it covers the entire range of Platinum There are no other adjustments required. The Model T.T.I
Resistance Thermometers (PRT). Temperature 3 will measure the ratio of two resistors, or with the
measurements are further enhanced by the √2 and 1/√2 addition of a Model 4220A Matrix Scanner up to 20
times the test currents. Test currents are selectable from resistors can be measured in a single run.
0.1mA to 100 mA in 0.001mA steps. Through automatic
self-calibration, ratios to nine significant digits with
linearity deviations of less than 0.01ppm can be achieved.
T.T.I.3 + APPROPRIATE S.P.R.T.

ISOTECH UKAS 2 SIGMA UNCERTAINTIES
N.B. Smaller uncertainties may be obtainable
from some National Laboratories.
Microprocessor controlled self calibration A. L.C.D. display

Measurement uncertainty <0.2ppm of full scale B. Channel 1
<0.05mK for a 25.5ohm thermometer C. Keypad for local operation
D. Channel 2
one/37
Laboratory
Matrix Scanner
The Hyperion
LOW R Calibration Bath comprises a blackbody cavity for calibration of radiation
THERMAL DESIGN
pyrometers. AnInternational’s
Measurements important factor is that
Model its operation
4220A range includes
utilises ultra-sensitive ambient
high temperature.
efficiency polarized relay
technology to deliver an automated low thermal matrix scanner. The relays used are 2 coil latching type,
The temperature
requiring of millisecond
only a short the cavity can
pulsebe
toset to within
activate 0.1°C at
to eliminate any
self pointinfrom
heating -10°CThe
the relay. to +80°C.
relay boards
are thermally isolated to maintain thermal equilibrium in the switching area.
The
whichModel
can4220A has aeither
be used total ofto80heat
inputs
orand
to 8cool
outputs. For resistor
a metal block. applications it willwith
In conjunction handle up to 20
a specially
four terminal resistors
programmed and 40 two terminal
microprocessor-based connections
controller it offersfora voltage applications.
unique concept Connections
in calibration to the
sources.
resistors and measuring apparatus are made at the back of the scanner. Provisions have also been made
for
Withconnecting theashields
this bath, of the resistors.
temperature above, below or at ambient temperature can be set and this
temperature
True will Matrix
four terminal be maintained
Scanner whether the source needs to be cooled or heated.
20-four terminal inputs
40-two terminal inputs
Front panel or bus operation
Model No 982
Thermals in the nanovolt region
OPERATION
Number of inputs The Model 4220A provides an easy means for
Model No 4220A 2-terminal = 40 channels intercomparing resistors, standard cells or 10 volt
4-terminal = 20 channels references. The relays selecting the rear panel input
Model No 4210A 2-terminal = 20 channels terminals are activated by front panel push-buttons or by
4-terminal = 10 channels commands sent over the IEEE-488 interface bus. The rear
Thermoelectric <100 nanovolts maximum
panel inputs are selected by pressing the channel desired
Potentials typically 50-70 nanovolts and then the A or B button. The corresponding LED will be
illuminated.
Error Contribution <20 nanovolts
Bus Input 24 pin IEEE-488 connector
Several protection circuits are built into the 4220A. The
corresponding LED is driven directly from a separate
Relay Contact Rating Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer
contact on the relay. Only one setPrimary Source
of relays can be
Max switching power 60W, 125 VA
Max switching Voltage 220V DC, 250 V AC 50mm Cavity
activated Diameter
at any one time. It is necessary to open the
Max switching current 2A AC, DC closed0.995 Emissivity,
set before Compact
another can be activated on the same
Max carrying current 2A AC, DC side.
Contact Resistance <0.02 ohms
Expected Life Mechanical 5 x 107
Electrical at 1A 30V DC 5 x 105
APPLICATIONS
Power 120/240V, 50/60Hz, 40VA Resistance calibrations
Rear Panel Connections Low thermal tellurium copper Thermometry scanner
MIL binding posts
Low thermal voltage measurement
Switch Outputs Low thermal tellurium copper
MIL binding posts
Display Two LED displays indicating open circuit
(flashing) and input select (solid)
on both A and B inputs
Control Front panel local control
IEEE-488 remote control
Width 451mm True four terminal Matrix Scanner
Depth 306mm 20 x four terminal inputs
40 x two terminal inputs
How to order Front panel or bus operation
Model 4220A or 4210A Matrix Scanner Thermals in the nanovolt region
one/38
Laboratory
Matrix Scanner
A: Indicators for selected ‘A’ channel

B: Indicators for selected ‘B’ channel
C: Power on/off switch
D: Local (manual) channel select
one/39
Standard Resistors
20ºC Eventually all resistance

The Hyperion thermometry
R Calibration Bathrefers back to one
comprises or more fixed
a blackbody resistors.
cavity These are aof
for calibration keyradiation
element
in any laboratory which measures temperature. The resistors need to be very stable with
pyrometers. An important factor is that its operation range includes ambient temperature.time, temperature
and transportation, and they need to have negligible inductance and capacitance.
The temperature
They of the
also need to have cavity
a long andcan be set history
successful to within 0.1°C at any point from -10°C to +80°C.
of use.
Wilkins and Swan
This elegant, at our National
modern-styled Physical
range hasLaboratory (N.P.L.)to
been designed developed
work froma resistor
a seriesdesign flexible
of Peltier enough
modules,
to allowcan
which windings with various
be used resistance
either to heat orvalues to beamade
to cool metalavailable
block. and stable enoughwith
In conjunction to bea accepted
specially
world-wide
programmed as resistance standards. Particularly
microprocessor-based important
controller it offersisathat the AC/DC
unique conceptcharacteristics aresources.
in calibration the same
up to about 1000 Hz.
Withdesign
This this bath, a temperature
has been above,
licensed to H. Tinsleybelow
& Co.orwho
at have
ambient
beentemperature canhave
producing (and be made
set and this
further
temperature will be maintained whether
improvements to) this product since 1970. the source needs to be cooled or heated.
Isotech are pleased to be able to offer this design of resistor made for us by Tinsley with 1 of 2 calibration
possibilities:
UKAS with an uncertainty of ±0.3ppm. Refer to Databook 5 for details.
NPL with an uncertainty of ±0.1 ppm (dependant on Ohmic value).
See page 41 for a suitable enclosure for your resistors.
TYPE S.R.A. Values 1, 10, 25 and 100 ohms

TYPE S.R.B. Values 1000, 10,000 ohms
Calibrated accuracy 0.3ppm (see UKAS schedule, Databook 5)
Accuracy of adjustment
Model No ±20ppm
982
Case size Stability
(approx) 2ppm/year (0.5ppm/year to special order)
Height 300mm
Temperature coefficient
Width 265mm 2ppm/ºC
Depth 180mm
of resistance 0.5ppm to special order
Recommended 10 milliwatts
Weight
dissipation 10kg Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
Temperature
Maximum range
dissipation 1-10°C
watt to 80.0°C (with an ambient 50mm Cavity Diameter
Approximate load 6ppm/watt
Emissivity
coefficient Greater than .995
A.C./D.C.Stability
transfer ±0.1°Cfor values 10Ω, 25Ω, 100Ω, 1kΩ
1ppm
error at 1kHz 5ppm for 1Ω and 10kΩ
Power 200w
Construction Uniformity ± 0.5°C.
Element
Accuracy Strain free,indicated
Between immersed andin actual
dry oil
(No. 4 Kerosene)
Top panel Standards
Bakelite withto PTFE
betterinserts
than ±2°C.
Options and engraved lettering
1. SetTerminal
of 4 orifice plates to0BA
- Current restrict cavity aperture diameter
copper
Terminal - Potential 4BA copper
2. Probe 935-14-16
Earth 6BA brass
3. Carry Case
Dimensions Container 114 x 76mm diameter
Overall 140 x 83mm diameter
How to Order Weight 680 grammes
How to order
Standard Resistor S.R.
Please specify type, resistance value and calibration option
one/40
Standard Resistor
Maintenance Bath
Dew
point to
As a result of many years development, Isothermal are now able to offer a temperature controlled Standard 40ºC
Resistor Maintenance Bath. Using Peltier heating/cooling modules, temperatures 20°C either side of
ambient temperature may be set to a resolution 0.01°C.
Stability and temperature differences total less than ±0.015K when measured directly in the oil of the bath
and ±0.003K when measured inside a Fixed Standard Resistor.
The bath will house several Resistors depending on their size and is ideal for measuring the temperature
coefficients of Fixed Resistors, as well as maintaining them at a selected temperature.
The oil used in the bath is very special, it has to be very high resistance and very low viscosity. Wrong choice
of oil will cause larger temperature gradients and may cause the motor to burn out.
Internal support assembly
Wide Temperature Range, ±0.005K stability

and gradients ±0.01ºC setting resolution,
Sensitivity to ambient 4.8mK/K
Model No 455
Temperature Range Dew point to 400C
Accuracy ±0.005ºC stability and gradients
Control 0.01°C Resolution
Power 15w typical,
100-130 or 208-240VAC*, 50/60Hz
* field changeable

Width 635mm
Depth 710mm
Weight 66kgs
Options
932-19-72 35 litres of special oil
How to order
455 Standard Resistor Maintenance Bath
Please specify number and type of Resistors
one/41
PC Communications
Furnace Support Software

The Hyperion
The furnaces includeRa communication
Calibration Bath port
comprises a blackbody
and a PC Connectivity cavitywhich
Package, for
calibration of radiation pyrometers.
includes the cal NotePad software and an An
important
interface leadfactor
that isis that its operation
connected to PC’s
range includes ambient temperature.
RS232 port. The software for Windows
95/98 allows the furnace
The temperature of thetemperature
cavity can beto beset
monitored and changed from the
to within 0.1°C at any point from -10°C PC, the
furnace
to +80°C. can be set to ramp between two
temperatures or temperatures can be
This elegant,tomodern-styled
programmed change with time. rangeA has
re-
been designed to work from a series
scaleable chart recorder display shows the of
Peltier modules, which can
furnace controller temperature and be used
either to heat or to cool a metal block.
optionally an external indicator, including
In conjunction with a specially
the True Temperature Indicator 2 (TTI 2),
programmed microprocessor-based
can be connected to allow the cell
controller it offers a unique concept in
Model No 982 temperature to be monitored. (see Databook 2
Case size (approx) Height 300mm for details)
WidthWith
265mmthisDepth
IEEE-488
bath, a temperature above, below or at ambient temperature can be set and this
180mm
Cavity size
50mm diameter, 150mm deep
Isotech recommends a serial interface for use with the calibration baths as this is the most cost-effective
route and10kg
Weight is supported by Isotech software. Where furnaces have to be controlled by IEEE-488 it is
Temperature range to
possible -10°C
usetoan
80.0°C (with an ambient
external intelligent interface that converts the RS232 to the IEEE bus. Using this route
of 20°C)
the user will need to write their own software to communicate with the furnace. A suitable converter can
be provided pre-tested and with the necessary connecting leads. An application note is available on
Stability ±0.1°C
request.
Power 200w
T.T.I.3 Software Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source
The TTI3 software is a Windows based facility 50mm Cavity
which Diameter
provides a dynamic screen output in the form of a
continuously updated
temperature graph
agrees
0.995 Emissivity,
as measurements proceed. The Typical
with National
Compact
Graphical User Interface allows
measurements to be performed easily.
Options
Data
1. Set of 4 orifice fortoup
plates to 40
restrict standard
cavity resistors or SPRT’s can be stored allowing output
aperture diameter to be presented in either
to 40mm, 30mm, ohms
20mm orordegrees
10mm. C, F or K, with a resolution of up to 11 decimal places.
2. Probe 935-14-16
A typical measurement run
3. Carry Case eliminates the first few
measurements, where self
How to Order heating can occur, then the mean
of those left, along with the
standard deviation at 95%
confidence are calculated. The
data gathered can then be either
output to printer or saved to disc
for import to other packages like
Excel for further processing.
one/42
ITS-90 Software
The purpose of a Primary Laboratory is to calibrate Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRT’s). The
thermometers are placed into each fixed point in turn and the resistances are recorded.
These resistances need to be substituted into a set of polynominals specified in ITS-90 which eventually prints out a
resistance/temperature table enabling the sprt to be specified at any temperature within the range of intent.
Developed for our own use and now available commercially, the Daedalus program is described below.
Daedalus Program
An MS-DOS Computer Program for interpolation of ITS-90
Daedalus 1.1(P) is an MS-DOS compatible software MS DOS compatible with most computers
3.5" disk size, Comprehensive manual supplied
programme for interpolating and printing or displaying a
platinum resistance thermometer table on ITS-90. Any of OUTPUT
the 11 ranges of the Scale may be chosen, within the limits Display to Screen/Printer(S/P): S Temperature Scale(C/F/K): C
of -259.3467°C and 961.78°C. Arbitrary ranges may also DATA ENTRY

Enter Coefficients/Cal.Data (C/D): D Load Data/Manual/Save Data
be chosen. The required input is resistance measured at File Name (full path): (L/M/S): M
the fixed points of the Scale or user selected temperature PLOT PARAMETERS
values prescribed for the chosen range. Output may be to Plot (1=T vs W, 2=T vs R, 3=W vs T, 4=R vs T): 1
Start Value: End Value: Interval:
screen or to most printers compatible with IBM MS-DOS
EQUATIONS
machines or clones, with either temperature, resistance or Equations below 0°C (1-11): 4 Equations above 0°C (1-11): 7
1: -259.3467°C to 0.01 °C 5: 0.0°C to 961.78°C
resistance-ratio as the independent variable. 2: -248.5939°C to 0.01° C 6: 0.0°C to 660.323 °C
Temperature values may be chosen in °C, °F or K. 3: -218.7916°C to 0.01°C 7: 0.0°C to 419.527°C
4: -189.3442 C to 0.01ºC 8: 0.0 C to 231.928 C
9: 0.0°C to 156.5985°C
10: 0.0°C to 29.7646°C
The program is supplied on a single 3.5" disk. 11: -38.8344°C to 29.7646°C
A comprehensive manual is included. F1 = Options Correct F5 = QUIT program F10 = Clear
Data Entry screen 1
CERTIFICATE OF CALIBRATION
PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER OUTPUT TO SCREEN TEMP SCALE CELSIUS
SERIAL NO: 141127/1
EQUATIONS 2,5
TEMPERATURE °C R(T90) INCREMENT CALIBRATION POINTS
-50.0000 80.2912 0.3975
-49.0000 80.6887 0.3974 Initial R(0.01)__________________
-48.0000 81.0861 0.3973
Temp 1: -259.3467 R(1)________ R(0.01)________
-47.0000 81.4834 0.3971 Temp 2: -248.5939 R(2)________ R(0.01)________
-46.0000 81.8805 0.3970 Temp 3: -218.7916 R(3)________ R(0.01)________
Temp 4: -189.3442 R(4)________ R(0.01)________
-45.0000 82.2775 0.3969 Temp 5: - 38.8344 R(5)________ R(0.01)________
-44.0000 82.6744 0.3967 Temp 6: 231.928 R(6)________ R(0.01)________
Temp 7: 419.527 R(7)________ R(0.01)________
-43.0000 83.0711 0.3966 Temp 8: 660.323 R(8)________ R(0.01)________
-42.0000 83.4677 0.3965 Temp 9: 961.78 R(9)________ R(0.01)________
-41.0000 83.8641 0.3963
Data Entry screen 2
Examples of the MS-DOS ‘Daedalus’ Program Entry Screens.

This broad range of calbration temperatures would be
inappropriate for any single thermometer
one/43
Thermocouples in the Primary Laboratory
Thermocouples are no longer a part of the ITS-90 scale. However they are so important to industry that every Primary Laboratory
should consider having a thermocouple calibration system.
Isotech offers a selection of fine thermocouples designed specifically for the Primary Laboratory.
Standard Thermocouple
Model 1600
1600ºC
to ThisIsothermal
elegant, modern-styled
The range of Thermocouple range has
Standards are been designed
the result to work from
of 5 years development. a series
The type ofstandards
R and S Peltierwill
modules,
cover the
0ºC
which
range can
from 0°C be used either to heat or to cool a metal block. In conjunction with a specially
to 1600°C.
programmed
The thermocouplesmicroprocessor-based
are complete as follows: controller it offers a unique concept in calibration sources.
The measuring assembly comprises a 7mm x 300mm or 600mm gas tight 99.7% recrystallized alumina sheath inside which is a 2.5mm
With this
diameter twin bath, a holding
bore tube temperature above, below or at ambient temperature can be set and this
the thermocouple.
temperature
The will beismaintained
inner 2.5mm assembly removable sincewhether the source
some calibration needs
laboratories toaccept
will only be cooled
fine boreor heated.
tubed thermocouples and some
applications require fine bore tubing.
1.7 metres of covered noble metal thermocouple wire connect the measuring sheath to the reference sheath which is a 4.5mm x
250mm stainless steel sheath suitable for referencing in a Zeref 0°C reference system (see data book 4 page 14). Two thermo
electrically free multistrand copper wires (teflon coated) connect the thermocouple to the voltage measuring device.
The thermocouple
Model No 982 material is continuous from the hot or measuring junction to the cold, or referencing junction. The thermocouple
is complete with an attractive carrying case.
CALIBRATION
The 1600 is supplied with a certificate giving the error between the ideal value and the actual emf of the thermocouple at the gold
Cavity
point.size 50mm
For types R diameter, 150mm deepmanufacturing tolerances are small and, therefore, the use of a standard reference table is
and S thermocouples,
particularly apt. A few calibration points, only, are required to determine the (small) differences between the characteristics of an
Weight 10kg
individual thermocouple and the standard reference table. As an example of consistency, 48 thermocouples calibrated at NPL, had
a standard
Temperature range deviation
-10°C to of the differences
80.0°C (withfrom the reference table value at the gold point (11, 364µV) of only 7µV, equivalent to about
an ambient
0.5°C.
Model No 1600 Thermocouple characteristics are sufficiently smooth to allow interpolation of

deviations from the reference table to be carried out over fairly wide
Hot Sheath 0°C to 1600°C (R or S) temperature spans without introducing unacceptable errors. Isotech can
Temperature Range offer a 4-point UKAS calibration for temperatures up to 1100°C (supplied as
standard), a 6 point UKAS calibration up to 1300°C with the option of a table
Emf Vs Temperature According to relevant document
of millivolts to degrees Celsius in 10°C steps or, alternatively, arrange for an
Response Time 5 mintues NPL calibration for temperatures up to 1600°C.
Hot Junction see diagram Please contact Isotech to obtain current prices for calibration.
Dimensions
50mm Cavity Diameter
Connecting Cable see diagram
Cold Junction 250mm long x 4.5 diameter
Copper Extension Wires 2000mm Type R & S Standard Thermocouple, Model 1600,
Immersion 100mm min. Premium grade wire, gas tight assembly,
Case Dimensions Height 65mm No intermediate junctions, Reference junctions fit into Zeref
Width 710mm
Depth 165mm
Gross Weight 900g
Feature Removeable inner assembly
The standard thermocouple described can be supplied in the

following noble metal combinations
TYPE R: Platinum vs Platinum 13% Rhodium
TYPE S: Platinum vs Platinum 10% Rhodium
How to order
Model 1600 R/300
Model 1600 R/600
Model 1600 S/300
Model 1600 R/600
Specify either Type R or S.
UKAS calibration is included - see Databook 5
one/44
Platinum/Gold
Thermocouple
1000ºC
to
0ºC
Since 1995 Isotech have been producing various designs of special Pt/Au, Pt/Pd, Pd/Au thermocouples for
researchers. From our experience we can now offer the most popular of these, the Pt/Au thermocouple in
a standard form.
All wires are 99.999+% pure and are fully annealed according to the recommendations of McLaren
Assembly also follows his prescriptions which have never been bettered.
After final assembly and annealing the Pt/Au thermocouples will conform to the reference function derived
by Burns within ±0.05ºC.
For smaller uncertainties we calibrate the thermocouple at the Tin, Zinc, Aluminium and Silver Fixed Points.
The associated uncertainties being Zinc±2.5mK, Aluminium±4mK and Silver ±6mK (1 sigma). The
reproducibility of the thermocouples is less than ±0.05ºC.
We achieve these results because:
1. All materials are selected for their purity and high quality.
2. All parts are pre-aged and annealed prior to construction.
3. The construction allows for differential expansion of the Gold and the Platinum by having a coil of
platinum bridge the two thermo elements at their measuring junction.
4. There are no joins between the measuring and reference junctions.
5. The reference junction is also researched and we use thermally pure copper wire of selected diameter
which has been pre-annealed in inert gas to maintain the accuracy of the measuring junction.
6. The reference junction needs to be placed in an accurate reference system such as a Water Triple Point
Cell or an Isotech Zeref.
7. An article describing in detail the construction, handling and operation of the thermocouple is provided
free with each unit.
Economic alternative to HTSPRT’s

Temperature Range 0ºC to 1000ºC
Construction allows for differential expansion
Accuracy of ±0.05ºC over the whole temperature range Sheath materials
Measuring Junction Quartz
Reference Junction Stainless Steel
Thermo-element Purities
Platinum 99.999% Pure
Gold 99.999% Pure
Calibration less than 0.015ºC
Uncertainties with fixed points (refer to text)
Stability ±0.05ºC
Dimensions Refer to drawing
Carrying Case Included as standard
How to order
Model type Pt/Au Thermocouple
Including emf vs. temperature traceable calibration certificate and
carrying case
one/45
ISOTECH’S Au/Pt thermocouple conforms to the reference function and uncertainties listed below
For more information see “Gold Versus Platinum Thermocouples: performance data and an ITS-90 based reference function”. G.W.
Burns et al. American Institute of Physics.
The new reference function for Au/Pt thermocouples is of the form:
9
E=p(t90) = ∑ai(t90)i
º i=1 Equation ②
where t90 is in degrees Celsius and E is the emf in microvolts. The coefficients of Eq. (2) for the range 0ºC to 1000ºC are given in
Table II. The random component of uncertainty for p(t90), where p(t90) is data from two typical thermocouples fitted with a 9th degree
polynominal by the method of least squares, is calculated using Working-Hotelling confidence bands. The upper and lower 95%
confidence bands at temperature th are p(th)±v(th), where
V (th) = √9F 0.95

(9,995)Sh
Equation ➀
the critical value F0.95 (9,995) = 1.89 is the upper 95 percent point of the F distribution with 9 and 995 degrees of freedom, and sh is
the standard deviation of p(th) at temperature th. The Working-Hotelling bands are appropriate for unlimited use of the reference
function. Representative values are shown in table 1. Values of E and the first and second derivatives of E with respect to t90
computed from Eq. (2) at selected values of t90 are given in Table III.
Table I
Random uncertainties (µV) for p(t ) from 95% Working - Hotelling Confidence bands.
90
t90 / ºC P(t90) V(t90)

0 0.00 0.00
100 777.90 0.02
200 1845.08 0.02
300 3141.77 0.02
400 4633.43 0.02
500 6300.95 0.02
Model No 982
600 8135.10 0.01
Case size (approx) 700 300mm
Height 10132.25 0.02
800 12290.89 0.02
Width 265mm 900 180mm
Depth 14609.31 0.02
1000 17085.31 0.04
Temperature range -10°C to 80.0°C (with an ambient Table
50mm II Cavity Diameter
of 20°C)
Coefficients for Au/Pt thermocouple reference function for the range
0.995 Emissivity, 0ºC to 1000ºC
Compact
Stability ±0.1°Ca1 6.03619861 a5 -4.24206193 x 10-11
a 1.93672974 x 10-2 a6 4.56927038 x 10-14
Power 200w 2
a3 -2.22998614 x 10-5 a7 -3.39430259 x 10-17
Uniformity a4
± 0.5°C. 3.28711859 x 10-8 a8 1.42981590 x 10-20
a9 -2.51672787 x 10-24
Table III
Options
Values
1. Set of E and
of 4 orifice the
plates tofirst andcavity
restrict second derivatives
aperture of E with respect to t90 computed from equation (2) at selected values of t90
diameter
2. Probe 935-14-16
t90 / ºC EµV dE/dt90µV/ºC d2E/dt290,nV/ºC2
3. Carry Case 0.00 0.00 6.036 38.73
0.01 0.06 6.037 38.73
29.7646 196.26 7.133 35.08
156.5985 1350.94 10.861 24.90
How to Order 231.928 2236.18 12.599 21.46
419.527 4945.63 16.157 17.27
630.615
Please state supply 8729.30
voltage and options required 19.658 16.24
660.323 9320.44 20.139 16.20
961.78 16120.49 24.945 15.65
1000.00 17085.31 25.543 15.64
one/46
Since the reference given by Eq. (2) is not well suited for calculating values of temperature from values of emf, two inverse functions
are included here for that purpose. These inverse functions give values of temperature that agree with values obtained from the
reference function to at least ±5mºC, where the emf (E) is given in microvolts. Equation (3) gives the form of an inverse function for
the Au/Pt thermocouple for the temperature and emf ranges, 0ºC to 209ºC and 0µV to 1953µV. The coefficients for Eq. (3) are given
in Table IV.
8
t90 = ∑bi(E)i
i=1 Equation ➂
Table IV
Table IV. Coefficients of the inverse function, Eq. (3), for the Au/Pt thermocouple for the range 0ºC to 209ºC.
b1 1.6543903 x 10-1 b5 4.8495536 x 10-14

b2 -8.4098835 x 10-5 b6 -2.0138760 x 10-17
b3 8.4166132 x 10-8 b7 4.7475626 x 10-21
b4 -7.5174691 x 10-11 b8 -4.7973082 x 10-25
Equation (4) gives the form of an inverse function for the Au/Pt thermocouple for the temperature and emf ranges, 209ºC to 1000ºC
and 1953µV to 17085µV. The coefficients for Eq. (4) are given in Table V.
11
t90 = ∑bi((E - 9645)/7620)i
i=0 Equation ➃
Table V
Table V. Coefficients of the inverse function, Eq. (4), for the Au/Pt thermocouple for the range 209ºC to 1000ºC.
b0 6.763360 x 102 b6 -3.385575

b1 3.735504 x 102 b7 3.853735
b2 -5.537363 x 101 b8 1.178891
b3 1.701900 x 101 b9 -2.702558
b4 -6.098761 b10 -1.686158
b5 2.457162 b11 1.876968
To get the most accurate results from thermocouples a 0ºC reference and a very high quality digital voltmeter are required.
For the very smallest uncertainties from our Platinum/Gold thermocouple we recommend that the cold junction be a Water Triple
Point Cell. See page 5.
Alternatively the Automatic Zeref apparatus is nearly as good (see Databook 4).
Free accessories for your Primary Laboratory

When you purchase your Primary Laboratory from Isotech we will provide you with a complete set of 20 Journals of Thermometry
in a 2 volume gold and maroon presentation set free of charge, together with other accessories that will make your Primary
Laboratory run easily and smoothly.
Training
Isotech offers the widest choice of educational packages available.
For a full list of our services consult Databook 5.
one/47
databookoneRealising ITS-90 Includes:
• Fixed Point Cells
• Primary Apparatus
• Thermometers
• Instruments & Software
databooktwo
Secondary Laboratory Equipment
Includes:
• Slim Cells
• Secondary Apparatus
• Thermometers
databookthree
Industrial Laboratory Equipment
Includes:
• Metal Block Baths
• Furnaces
• Thermometers
databookfour
Blackbody & Thermocouple Referencing
Includes:
• Blackbody Cells
• Blackbody Cavities
• Blackbody Furnaces
• Thermocouple Referencing
databookfive
Calibration Services & Information
Includes:
• U.K.A.S. Calibration
• Journal of Thermometry
• Video Courses
• Training Courses
Please send me the following databooks:
databookone
Name: Fax Back Form
Address: Fax: +44 (0) 1704 544799
databooktwo
Tel:
databookthree
databookfour Fax:
databookfive Postcode: Email:
Isothermal Technology Limited, Pine Grove, Southport, Merseyside, PR9 9AG, England
Telephone: +44 (0) 1704 543830 Fax: +44 (0) 1704 544799 E-mail: [email protected] Web-site: www.isotech.co.uk

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realizing ITS-90

Isotech’s Millennium Collection

temperature calibration equipment & services

Products in this catalogue are all Compliant

Standard Nominal Dimensions in Millimetres

ICE BRIDGE PREVENTION COLLAR

* Longer or shorter times for larger or smaller cells.

INTRODUCTION cell, and intercompared cells with National Standards.

Low Temperature Radiation Pyrometer Primary Source

Model No ITL-M-17724 Cell

This introduces additional uncertainties.

Fixed Point Cells *Thermometer Below metal surface 200mm

Realization. traceability and mutual recognitions.

Traceability of Measurements on a National and International Basis

Using 6N pure Carbon Dioxide uncertainties approaching ±0.1mK

lsotech’s Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell can be conditioned in

● ITS-90 Secondary Point

Model No. Carbon Dioxide Triple Point Cell

Performance Essentially gradient-free heat-pipes

Model ITL-M-17702W (Water)

Fixed Points of: Indium 156.5985ºC, Tin 231.928ºC, and

Fixed Points of: Indium 156.5985ºC, Tin

Long plateaus from Fixed Point Cells

N.B. Please note that

Width 265mm Depth 180mm

AUTOMATED RESISTANCE THERMOMETER BRIDGE SYSTEM:

T.T.I.3 + APPROPRIATE S.P.R.T.

Microprocessor controlled self calibration A. L.C.D. display

A: Indicators for selected ‘A’ channel

20ºC Eventually all resistance

TYPE S.R.A. Values 1, 10, 25 and 100 ohms

Internal support assembly

Wide Temperature Range, ±0.005K stability

Dimensions Height 910mm

Furnace Support Software

of -259.3467°C and 961.78°C. Arbitrary ranges may also DATA ENTRY

A comprehensive manual is included. F1 = Options Correct F5 = QUIT program F10 = Clear

Data Entry screen 1

Data Entry screen 2

Examples of the MS-DOS ‘Daedalus’ Program Entry Screens.

Model No 1600 Thermocouple characteristics are sufficiently smooth to allow interpolation of

The standard thermocouple described can be supplied in the

We achieve these results because:

2. All parts are pre-aged and annealed prior to construction.

4. There are no joins between the measuring and reference junctions.

Economic alternative to HTSPRT’s

V (th) = √9F 0.95

t90 / ºC P(t90) V(t90)

b1 1.6543903 x 10-1 b5 4.8495536 x 10-14

b0 6.763360 x 102 b6 -3.385575

Free accessories for your Primary Laboratory

Please send me the following databooks:

databookfive Postcode: Email:

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