Gself

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Psychology of self
- representation of an individual based on his/her experiences.
 Pajares and Schunck
-drawings on cave: serious thought of nonphysical, psychological selves.
 SELF (Predicate):
a. Self-knowledge
b. Self-awareness
c. Self-esteem
d. Self-enhancement
e. Self-regulation
f. Self-presentation
 William James
-distinction between the self as “knower”(pure ego) and the self as “known”(empirical self).
-view the multitudinous aspects of self-functioning.
- Suggested that “the total self of ‘Me’, being as it were duplex” is composed of “partly object
and partly subject”.
- “I” – pure ego; consciousness itself
- “Me” – one of many things that I may be conscious of
- “Me” is composed of three (3) components:
1. Material Self
-things that belong to us or we belong to.
-Ex. Family, clothes, body, money, etc.
2. Social Self
- Our social selves who are in a given situation; people change how they act depending
on the situation.
3. Spiritual Self
- Who we are at our core; more concrete or permanent that material and social self; our
subjective and most intimate self.
- Ex. personality, core values, conscience
Global Versus Differentiated Models
 Self- Esteem
- Term coined by W. James
- It is a person’s overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
 Global Self- Esteem
- Is a personality variable that represents the way people generally feel about themselves.
 State Self- Esteem
- A temporary feelings or momentary emotional reactions to positive and negative events
if we feel good or bad to ourselves during these situations.
 Domain Specific Self- Esteem
- Focused on how people evaluate their abilities and attributes.
Real and Ideal Self Concepts
 Karen Horney
- Feminine Psychology
- Believed that everyone has anxiety
- According to her, person has:
1. Ideal Self
- The self is the possessor of unlimited powers and superlative qualities and is
being developed
2. Actual Self
- One feels despised with everyday life because he/she fails to live up to the
requirements of the ideal self
3. Real Self
- revealed as a person begins to shed the various techniques developed to deal with
basic anxiety and to find ways of resolving conflicts
- not an entity but rather, it is a force that impels growth and self-realization
 Carl Rogers
 Person-Centered Theory
- establish conception of self:
1. Real Self
- includes all aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences perceived in
awareness
- part of ourselves where we feel, think, look, and act involving our self-
image
2. Ideal Self
- revolves around goals and ambitions in life; dynamic
- the idealized image which we develop over time
- includes:
a. what we admire in others
b. what our society promotes
c. what we think are in our best interest
*Wide gap between real and ideal self = incongruence and an unhealthy personality
If the way that I am (Real self) is aligned with the way that I want to be (Ideal Self) = Mental
Well-Being or Peace of Mind
If the way that I am is not aligned with how I want to be = Mental Distress or Anxiety
* The greater the level of incongruence between the real self and the ideal self, the greater the level of
resulting distress
Multiple Versus Unified Selves
 Multiple Selves
-according to K. Green, capacities we carry within us from multiple relationship
-not “discovered” but “created”.
 Unified Selves
-point out in Traditional Psychology.
-well – being comes when our personality dynamics are congruent, cohesive, and consistent.
-connected with selfhood and identity.
True versus False Selves
 Donald W. Winnicott
-distinguished the “true self” from “false self” in human personality.
 True Self
-based on a sense of being in the experiencing body.
-Sense of integrity, of connected wholeness that harks to the early stage.
 False Self
-necessary defensive organization
-survival kit
-caretaker self
-how threatened from managed to survive.
-When the person has to comply with external rules, such as being polite or following social
codes.
-instantly seek to anticipate demands of other to maintain relationship.
 Healthy False Self
-functional
-can be compliant but without the feeling that it has betrayed its true self.
 Unhealthy False Self
-fits in but through a feeling if forced compliance rather than loving adaptation.
 False Selves
-investigated by Heing Kohut (1971)
-identified with external factors at the cost of one’s own autonomous creativity.
The Self as Practice and Agentic

 Social Cognitive Theory
-agentic view of personality
-meaning that humans have the capacity to excise control over their own live.
-People are:
a. Self-regulating
b. Proactive
c. Self-reflective
d. Self-organizing
e. They have the power to influence their own actions to produced desired outcome
f. Act on their environment in a manner that permits growth toward psychological
health
 G. Allport
-allow for proactive behavior
-adequate theory of personality
 Agent self
-known as the executive function that allow for action.
-this is how we make choices and utilize our control in situation and action.
-involves decision making, self – control, taking charge in situation and actively responding.
 Human agency
-active process of exploring, manipulating, and influencing the environment in order to attain
desired outcome.
 Albert Bandura
-the care features of human agency are intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-
reflectiveness.
-leads to self-efficacy
 Self-efficacy
-the belief the they are capable of performing actions that will produce a desired outcome.
-lies in the center of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory.
 Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
-measure of one’s ability to complete goals
-people with high self – efficacy often are eager to accept challenges because they believe they
can overcome them
-people with low self – efficacy may avoid challenges, or believe experiences are more
challenging that they actually are
Saint Louis University
Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science
GSELF 4:30-5:30PM (MWF)
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
De Leon, Jennifer Louisse D.

Dela Peña, Joyce Aleda V.
Mercene, Ederlie Airah E.
Saldaña, Edison L.
Santiago, Karl Chester C.
Submitted to:
Mr. Albert Guinguino
MWF 4:30 – 5:30

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What are the different components of self according to William James?

What are the three components of the self according to Karen Horney?

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

The Self as Practice and Agentic

De Leon, Jennifer Louisse D.

MWF 4:30 – 5:30

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