Assignment # 01: Civil Engineering Disaster Risk Assesment and Evaluation Engr - Dr.Muneeb Ali 28-03-2019

ASSIGNMENT # 01
Project Members
Junaid Tariq DCE 173003
Khan Shahid Kamal Khan DCE 173010
Zeeshan Waheed MCE181008
Department: Civil Engineering
Subject: Disaster Risk Assesment and Evaluation
Submitted To: Engr.Dr.Muneeb Ali
Date: 28-03-2019
Abstract:
The present study explains the various concepts used in disaster
management. The concepts explained include: Disaster, Hazard,
Vulnerability, Capacity, Risk and Disaster Management Cycle. In
addition to the terminologies, the study also seeks to explain various
types of disasters. It also gives a detail of various disasters occurred in
Pakistan (Islamabad) as well their management and mitigation strategies.
The paper also discusses disaster management policy at national level as
well as disaster management and national plans in Pakistan especially
for islamabad.
Keywords: Natural Hazards, Disaster Management, Pakistan
Introduction
Mehmood et al. 2015 published Country report of Pakistan
Due to geo-physical conditions, climatic extremes, and high degrees of
exposure and vulnerability, Pakistan is a disaster-prone country. Pakistan’s
exposure to natural hazards and disasters could be ranked between
moderate to severe.
Pakistan frequently suffers from earthquakes. Northern and Western parts
are particularly vulnerable to earthquakes. The Indus River is known as
flood-prone area especially in July and August. High priority hazards in
terms of their frequency and scale of impact are: earthquakes, flooding,
droughts, wind storms and landslides that have caused widespread
damage and losses in the past.
Khan H , and Khan A ,(2008) investigated Natural hazards and

disaster management in Pakistan
Disaster is a sudden adverse or unfortunate extreme event which causes
great damage to human beings as well as plants and animals. Disasters
occur rapidly, instantaneously and indiscriminately. These extreme
events either natural or man induced exceed the tolerable magnitude
within or beyond certain time limits, make adjustment difficult, result in
catastrophic losses of property and income and life is paralyzed. These
events which occur aggravate natural environmental processes to cause
disasters to human society such as sudden tectonic movements leading
to earthquake and volcanic eruptions, continued dry conditions leading
to prolonged droughts, floods, atmospheric disturbances, collision of
celestial bodies, etc. (Joshi,2008).
The progressive increase in loss of life, property and deleterious effect
on environment due to disasters moved the international community to
look at disaster management in a new perspective, which transcends
international barriers, anticipates possible threats and enables tackling of
disasters from the pre-stage. The last decade (990-1999) was observed
by the International Community as the ‘International Decade for natural
disaster reduction’, a decade dedicated to promoting solutions to reduce
risks from 2 natural hazards.
Thus, disaster occurs only when hazards and vulnerability meet.
Therefore, we need to understand the three major components namely
hazard, vulnerability and capacity with suitable examples to have a basic
Understanding of disaster management.
Rana I , and Routrays J , Investigated Multidimensional Model for

Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in
Pakistan
The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and
develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is
explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic,
physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied
to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in
urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the
Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household
survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on
well defined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment
was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of
spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard
specific indicators.
Siddique M, and Schwarz J , (2012) investigated Multi-hazard approach to
assess vulnerability of the building stock in Pakistan
Pakistan is situated in one of the highest seismic zones of the world,

where northern and south western Pakistan could expect a PGA of 0.4g
or more, with the 1935 Quetta earthquake and the 2005 Kashmir
earthquake the most devastating earthquakes in the country.
Furthermore, recently Pakistan has suffered from severe flood events in
2010 and 2011. Recent experiences in the above mentioned events
emphasize the need for a multi-hazard approach to assess the
vulnerability of typical building types in Pakistan. An effort is made to
generate a new multi-hazard zoning map of Pakistan combining the
earthquake and flood hazards. Damage scenarios are developed for both
earthquake and flood. The damage scenarios indicate the high structural
vulnerability of building stock, mainly due to presence of large
proportion of adobe or mud structures. These results are useful for the
authorities to take necessary actions to mitigate the risk in the future.
Earthquake
Pakistan lies in a seismic belt and therefore suffers from frequent
earthquakes of small magnitudes. Earthquakes normally occur along the
Himalayas, Karakorums and partly Hindu Kush ranges in the north,
Koh-e-Sulaiman range in the west with Chaman fault line along Quetta,
and Mekran fault line along the sea coast. Their occurrence is normally
associated with the dynamics associated with the Indian plate exerting
continuous pressure on the Eurasian land mass.
In 1935 an earthquake of above 6.5 on Richter Scale intensity rocked
Quetta leaving 35,000 dead.
From 1974 to 1990, approximately 5669 people were killed due to
earthquakes in the Northern Areas (NA), NWFP and Balochistan.
There was a significant earthquake that occurred in February 2004, in
NWFP resulting in 24 deaths and over 129,000 people were affected.
Pakistan is known to be vulnerable to a wide array of natural and man
instigated disasters, but October 2005 earthquake was the worst natural
disaster that the nation has experienced in the recent history.
Post October 2005 earthquake studies confirm country’s continued
vulnerability to the hazard in these regions.
WCDR (2005) A Re view of Disaster Management Policies and Systems in Pakistan, Islamabad,
January 2005.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) (2006), Draft National Disaster Management
Framework, pp 14-17.
Pakistan Metrological Department and Norstar Norway, (2006), Seismic hazard analysis for the
Cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, February.

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ASSIGNMENT # 01

Junaid Tariq DCE 173003

Khan Shahid Kamal Khan DCE 173010

Zeeshan Waheed MCE181008

Department: Civil Engineering

Subject: Disaster Risk Assesment and Evaluation

Submitted To: Engr.Dr.Muneeb Ali

Khan H , and Khan A ,(2008) investigated Natural hazards and

Rana I , and Routrays J , Investigated Multidimensional Model for

Pakistan is situated in one of the highest seismic zones of the world,

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