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    Digitalsignaturevmp

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    Anumod Pattari
    Digital signatures provide authentication of electronic documents and messages in the same way physical signatures authenticate paper documents. They use public key cryptography where a private key is used to encrypt a digital signature and a corresponding public key is used to decrypt and verify the signature. This ensures the message was not altered and authenticates the sender. Some advantages of digital signatures are they are faster and more cost efficient than physical signatures, help prevent alteration of documents, and make it easy to share signed documents electronically. However, digital signatures also have limitations like needing secure private keys and being unable to provide non-repudiation on their own.

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    Digitalsignaturevmp

    Uploaded by

    Anumod Pattari
    31 views9 pages
    Digital signatures provide authentication of electronic documents and messages in the same way physical signatures authenticate paper documents. They use public key cryptography where a private key is used to encrypt a digital signature and a corresponding public key is used to decrypt and verify the signature. This ensures the message was not altered and authenticates the sender. Some advantages of digital signatures are they are faster and more cost efficient than physical signatures, help prevent alteration of documents, and make it easy to share signed documents electronically. However, digital signatures also have limitations like needing secure private keys and being unable to provide non-repudiation on their own.

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    Digital signatures provide authentication of electronic documents and messages in the same way physical signatures authenticate paper documents. They use public key cryptography where a private key is used to encrypt a digital signature and a corresponding public key is used to decrypt and verify the signature. This ensures the message was not altered and authenticates the sender. Some advantages of digital signatures are they are faster and more cost efficient than physical signatures, help prevent alteration of documents, and make it easy to share signed documents electronically. However, digital signatures also have limitations like needing secure private keys and being unable to provide non-repudiation on their own.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views9 pages

    Digitalsignaturevmp

    Uploaded by

    Anumod Pattari
    Digital signatures provide authentication of electronic documents and messages in the same way physical signatures authenticate paper documents. They use public key cryptography where a private key is used to encrypt a digital signature and a corresponding public key is used to decrypt and verify the signature. This ensures the message was not altered and authenticates the sender. Some advantages of digital signatures are they are faster and more cost efficient than physical signatures, help prevent alteration of documents, and make it easy to share signed documents electronically. However, digital signatures also have limitations like needing secure private keys and being unable to provide non-repudiation on their own.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    DIGITAL SIGNATURES

    Digital signatures are used to authenticate the


    identity of the sender. It is like signing a
    message in electronic form. A digital signature
    is a protocol that produces the same effect as
    a real signature. It is a mark that only the
    sender can make and other people can easily
    recognize that it belongs to the sender.
    PDF documents are used to share all kinds of
    information, including that of a confidential
    nature or with a legal value, like a contract. In
    order to ensure that a document has not been
    modified by someone other than its author,
    and to verify that the author is who we expect
    and not somebody else, digital signatures are
    necessary.
    Digital signatures are often used to implement
    electronic signatures, which includes any
    electronic data that carries the intent of a
    signature, but not all electronic signatures use
    digital signatures. Digital seals and signatures
    are equivalent to handwritten signatures and
    stamped seals.

    Advantages of digital signatures v/s handwritten


    signatures

    The crucial difference of the handwritten


    signature is that the electronic signature
    Da(m) is intimately connected with the
    message, whereas the handwritten signature
    is added to the message and always looks the
    same and that's why is easy to forge. As a
    consequence no one can alter the signed
    message Da(m) and trying to make it seem as
    if the signature is by the real person. For, if
    Da(m) is altered at all, then the application of
    the public key Ea to the altered signed
    message Da(m)" yields a clear text which will
    appear totally random. Sending documents
    digitally is faster and more cost-efficient.
    Digital signing software is easy to use and
    cost-effective.
    E-documents dramatically reduce the risk of
    being stolen, damaged, intercepted, lost,
    destroyed, altered, or read by unwanted eyes.
    One of the benefits of electronic signature
    software is it’s designed to seamlessly
    integrate with other applications, so you can
    use it to sign different kinds of documents in
    various formats.
    Digital signatures make it easy to close a sale
    on the spot, turn around contracts faster, and
    finalize documents that require signatures
    from multiple parties.
    Disadvantage using digital signatures

    Once an entire signature is published by the


    signer, anyone can verify it. But moreover
    once the signature has been verified,
    (assuming that this is an originally signed
    document with no copies after being signed)
    no one else may verify the signature.
    One obvious solution to this would be to
    make copies of the signed document.
    Another solution could turn the problem of
    digital signature into an advantage. Using
    digital signatures we can specify who will
    verify the signature exclusively:
    The private key must be kept in a secured
    manner. Although digital signature provides
    authenticity, it does not ensure secrecy of the
    data.
    To provide the secrecy, some other technique
    such as encryption and decryption needs to
    be used.
    The process of generation and verification of
    digital signature requires considerable
    amount of time.
    When the digital signature is not verified by
    the public key, then the receiver simply marks
    the message as invalid but he does not know
    whether the message was corrupted or the
    false private key was used.
    Digital signature creation
    The creation of a Digital Signature is a
    complex mathematical process. However as
    the complexities of the process are computed
    by the computer, applying a Digital Signature
    is no more difficult that creating a
    handwritten one.
    Digital signatures are based on public key
    cryptography, also known as asymmetric
    cryptography. Using a public key algorithm,
    such as RSA, one can generate two keys that
    are mathematically linked: one private and
    one public.
    Digital signatures work because public key
    cryptography depends on two mutually
    authenticating cryptographic keys. The
    individual who is creating the digital signature
    uses their own private key to encrypt
    signature-related data; the only way to
    decrypt that data is with the signer's public
    key. This is how digital signatures are
    authenticated.
    MAC (Message
    Authentication Code

    A message authentication code (MAC), or tag,


    is a security code that is typed in by the user
    of a computer to access accounts or portals.
    This code is attached to the message or
    request sent by the user. Message
    authentication codes (MACs) attached to the
    message must be recognized by the receiving
    system in order to grant the user access.
    Message authentication codes (MACs) are
    commonly used in electronic funds transfers
    (EFTs) to maintain information integrity. They
    confirm that a message is authentic; that it
    really does come, in other words, from the
    stated sender, and hasn’t undergone any
    changes en route. A verifier who also
    possesses the key can use it to identify
    changes to the content of the message in
    question.
    A message authentication code (MAC)
    (sometimes also known as keyed hash)
    protects against message forgery by anyone
    who doesn't know the secret key (shared by
    sender and receiver).
    This means that the receiver can forge any
    message – thus we have both integrity and
    authentication (as long as the receiver doesn't
    have a split personality), but not non-
    repudiation.
    Also an attacker could replay earlier messages
    authenticated with the same key, so a
    protocol should take measures against this .
    (Also, in case of a two-sided conversation,
    make sure that either both sides have
    different keys, or by another way make sure
    that messages from one side can't sent back
    by an attacker to this side.)
    Limitations of MAC

    * Establishment of Shared Secret.


    * Inability to Provide Non-Repudiation.

    submitted by: Vishnu MP


    PCS051824

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