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    Ece4009 - Wireless and Mobile Communication Review 2 Group Members Slot 1. 2. 3. Title

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    Project review on making end to end encryption software using AES

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    Ece4009 - Wireless and Mobile Communication Review 2 Group Members Slot 1. 2. 3. Title

    Uploaded by

    dwija
    65 views10 pages
    Project review on making end to end encryption software using AES

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    WMC REVIEW2

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    Project review on making end to end encryption software using AES

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    65 views10 pages

    Ece4009 - Wireless and Mobile Communication Review 2 Group Members Slot 1. 2. 3. Title

    Uploaded by

    dwija
    Project review on making end to end encryption software using AES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    ECE4009 - WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION

    REVIEW 2

    GROUP MEMBERS SLOT


    1. Dwija Vashisht – 16BEC0821 G2+TG2
    2. Abinash Panda - 16BEC0741 L11+L12
    3. Aditya Prasad – 16BEC0860
    TITLE

    “Implementation Of AES In GSM Transmission And Reception”

    ABSTRACT

    The Advanced encryption standard (AES) is an algorithm that


    was formerly considered to be the most popular method for
    private key encryption. AES is still appropriate for moderately
    secured communication. In our project we aim to implement
    AES algorithm for voice data encryption and decryption by
    using Arduino microcontrollers with a GSM module for
    transmission and receiving the encrypted data. The GSM
    speech service is secure up to the point where speech enters
    the core network. However to achieve end-to-end security it is
    desired that the GSM subscriber, not the network operator
    controls the encryption on the speech channel. A new
    approach of encryption at the user-end will be introduced.

    INTRODUCTION

    Mobile phones are used on a daily basis by hundreds of millions


    of users, over radio links. Emerging wireless networks share
    many common characteristics with traditional wire-line
    networks such as public switch telephone/data networks, and
    hence many security issues with the wire-line networks also
    apply to the wireless environment. The GSM system doesn’t
    provide end-to-end security and lacks in provision of traffic
    confidentiality to its subscribers. Anonymity, authentication,
    and confidentiality are the security services which are offered
    by the world’s largest mobile telephony system. Still this
    system is defenseless against many attacks and fails to ensure
    taut safety of the user’s telephone conversations and data
    transfer sessions.

    Confidentiality of transmitted data is achieved by encrypting


    the information flow between the communicating parties. In
    GSM networks, only the radio link between the mobile terminal
    and the base station is encrypted whereas the rest of the
    network transmits data in clear-text. Radio link confidentiality
    in GSM is not sufficient for attaining end-to-end security. As a
    result, a need for investigating mechanisms for implementing
    absolute confidentiality of traffic arises.

    Now days there are many situations to keep voice secret in


    voice communication. This can be achieved by voice
    encryption by using different encryption algorithms. AES-
    Rijndael is suitable on all aspects and future research in
    optimization techniques will definitely make it the de facto
    encryption for resource constrained wireless networks.

    Spread spectrum is a type of modulation that spreads data


    transmission across available frequency band, in excess of
    minimum bandwidth available. Because of its advantages, it is
    used in Code Division Multiple Access systems to assign a
    unique code to every user. Our project aims to simulate the
    CDMA modem using Direct Sequence Spread spectrum.
    A DSSS transmitter will convert an incoming data (bit) stream
    into a symbol stream. Using a digital modulation technique like
    BPSK or QPSK, a transmitter multiplies symbols with a pseudo
    random noise code. This multiplication operation will artificially
    increase used bandwidth based on length of chip sequence. A
    CDMA system will be implemented via these codings. Each
    user over a CDMA system will be assigned a unique PN code
    sequence.
    COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

    NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes firmware


    which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems,
    and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The term
    "NodeMCU" by default refers to the firmware rather than the
    development kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting
    language. It is based on the eLua project, and built on the
    Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266.
    AES FEATURES:

    NIST specified the new advanced encryption standard


    algorithm must be a block cipher capable of handling 128 bit
    blocks, using keys sized at 128, 192, and 256 bits.

    The features of AES are as follows −

    Symmetric key symmetric block cipher

    128-bit data, 128/192/256-bit keys

    Stronger and faster than Triple-DES

    Provide full specification and design details

    Software implementable in C and Java

    ENCRYTION PROCESS:

    1. Byte Substitution (SubBytes)


    2. Shift Rows
    3. Mix Columns
    4. Add roundkey

    DECRYPTION PROCESS:

    The process of decryption of an AES ciphertext is similar to the


    encryption process in the reverse order. Each round consists of
    the four processes conducted in the reverse order:

    1. Add round key


    2. Mix columns
    3. Shift rows
    4. Byte substitution
    PROCEDURE

    Pin Configuration of ESP-8266

    The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full TCP/IP


    stack and microcontroller capability .The chip first came to the
    attention of western makers in August 2014 with the ESP-01
    module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-Thinker. This
    small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi
    network and make simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-
    style commands. However, at the time there was almost no
    English-language documentation on the chip and the
    commands it accepted. The very low price and the fact that
    there were very few external components on the module,
    which suggested that it could eventually be very inexpensive in
    volume, attracted many hackers to explore the module, chip,
    and the software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese
    documentation.

    In this project first, we will write an Arduino code for the AES
    algorithm to encrypt & decrypt the recorded voice signal. Two
    separate codes will be written for the encryption & decryption.
    Here we will take the 128-bit (16 byte) data as a plaintext and
    128-bit key for encryption. The recorded signal will be digitized
    and sampled at a rate of 8000 Hz generally a sampling rate of
    at least 2f. (According to Nyquist criteria).

    AES is a symmetric block cipher that is intended to replace DES


    as the approved standard for a wide range of applications.
    Figure shows the overall structure of the AES encryption
    process. The cipher takes a plaintext block size of 128 bits, or 16
    bytes. The key length can be 16, 24, or 32 bytes (128, 192, or 256
    bits). The algorithm is referred to as AES-128, AES-192, or AES-
    256, depending on the key length. The input to the encryption
    and decryption algorithms is a single 128-bit block.

    This block will be copied into the State array, which will be
    modified at each stage of encryption or decryption. After the
    final stage, State is copied to an output matrix. Similarly, the
    key will be depicted as a square matrix of bytes. This key will be
    then expanded into an array of key schedule words. Each word
    is four bytes, and the total key schedule will be 44 words for the
    128-bit key. The cipher consists of N rounds, where the number
    of rounds will depend on the key length: 10 rounds for a 16-byte
    key, 12 rounds for a 24- byte key and 14 rounds for a 32-byte
    key. The first N-1 rounds will consist of four distinct
    transformation functions: Sub Bytes, Shift Rows, Mix Columns,
    and Add Round Key, which are described subsequently. The
    final round will contain only three transformations, and there
    will be an initial single transformation (Add Round Key) before
    the first round, which can be considered Round 0. Each
    transformation will take one or more 4×4 matrices as input and
    produces a 4×4 matrix as output.

    The transmission channel in the project is will be provided by


    GSM module. A GSM Module is basically a GSM Modem (like
    SIM 900) connected to a PCB with different types of output
    taken from the board – say TTL Output (for Arduino, 8051 and
    other microcontrollers) and RS232 Output to interface directly
    with a PC (personal computer). The board will also have pins or
    provisions to attach mic and speaker, to take out +5V or other
    values of power and ground connections. These types of
    provisions vary with different modules.

    GSM module (SIM900) used in project supports a 900MHz band


    for communication. GSM modules are manufactured by
    different companies. They all have different input power supply
    specs. In this project, the gsm module requires a 12 volts input.
    So, module is feeded using a 12V,1A DC power supply.

    At the receiving end just, reverse process will be used. For the
    decryption each stage is easily reversible. For the Substitute
    Byte, Shift Rows, and Mix Columns stages, an inverse function
    will be used in the decryption algorithm. For the Add Round
    Key stage, the inverse will be achieved by XORing the same
    round key to the block, as with most block ciphers, the
    decryption algorithm will make use of the expanded key in
    reverse order.

    Encryption of Transmission of
    Input Text text using AES Encrypted text
    algorithm using ESP8266

    Reception of
    Further
    Encrypted text
    proccesses.
    using ESP8266
    CURRENT PROGRESS:

    Till now, we have prepared our wireless device for encryption,


    later on we will use the gsm device to decrypt the original
    signal. We have also configured our wireless device in the code.
    REFERENCES:

    [1] Saad Islam and Fatima Ajmal Developing and Implementing


    Encryption Algorithm for Addressing GSM Security Issues,
    International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 978-1-
    4244-5632-1/09 ©2009 IEEE pp 358-361.

    [2] Mandar M. Kulkarni, A. S. Bhide, and Prafulla P.Chaudhari


    Encryption Algorithm Addressing GSM Security Issues- A
    Review, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering
    and Technology (IJLTET) ISSN: 2278-621X Vol. 2 Issue 2 pp 268-
    273 March 2013.

    [3] Cryptography & Network Security, Principles and Practice,


    Fifth edition, Willam Stallings.

    [4]–Advanced Encryption Standard by Example:


    http://www.adamberent.com/documents/AESbyExample.pdf

    [5]– AES Encryption Library for Arduino and Raspberry Pi:


    https://spaniakos.github.io/AES/index.html

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