Anatomy Comprehensive Exam Review Questions
Anatomy Comprehensive Exam Review Questions
Anatomy Comprehensive Exam Review Questions
11. >>> 15. The part of the male reproductive tract which
12. Describe the posterior auricular artery. carries only semen within the prostate gland
• Arises from the posterior surface of the external
carotid artery just above the digastric posterior - Ejaculatory duct
belly.
• Ascends superficial to the styloid process and 16. Primary Sex organ:
deep to the parotid gland and ends between the
mastoid process and the external acoustic Male- Testis; Female- Ovary
meatus.
• Gives rise to stylomastoid, auricular, and occipital 17. Site of sperm maturation.
branches. Epididymis
- Perineal Body
➢ The renal arteries arise at the level of the IV • Puborectalis: the thicker, narrower, medial
disc between the L1 and L2 vertebrae
➢ The longer right renal artery passes
posteriorto the IVC.
➢ Each artery divides close to the hilum into
five segmental arteries that are end arteries
Segmental Arteries:
1. The superior (apical) segment is
supplied by the superior (apical)
segmental artery
2. The antero-superior segment supplied
by the anterosuperior segmental
3. The antero-inferior segment supplied by
antero-inferior segmental arteries part of the levatorani, consisting of muscle
4. The inferior segment is supplied by the fibers that are continuous between the
inferior segmental artery. posterior aspects of the bodies of the right
5. The posterior segmental artery, which
and left pubic bones. It forms a U-shaped
originates from a continuation of the
muscular sling (puborectal sling) that
posterior branch of the renal artery,
supplies the posterior segment of the passes posterior to the anorectal junction,
kidney. bounding the urogenital hiatus. This part
Renal Veins: plays a major role in maintaining fecal
• Renal veins drain each kidney and unite in a continence
variable fashion to form the right and left
renal veins
• Renal veins lie anterior to the right and left
renal arteries
• The longer left renal vein receives the left
suprarenal vein, the left gonadal (testicular
or ovarian) vein, and a communication with
44. What are the anterior lateral abdominal wall muscles?
• Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)-main area of termination: eye; wholly sensory; branches:Frontal n- largest,
Nasociliary- intermediate, Lacrimal n
• Maxillary nerve (CN V2)-main area of termination: maxilla; wholly sensory; branches:zygomaticofacial n
+zygomaticotemporal n
• Sensory component of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)-main area of termination: mandible; inferior and largest
division; branches:Auriculotemoralbr; buccal br; mental br
Segmental Arteries:
• The superior (apical) segment is supplied by the superior (apical) segmental artery
• The antero-superior segment supplied by the anterosuperior segmental
• The antero-inferior segment supplied by antero-inferior segmental arteries
• The inferior segment is supplied by the inferior segmental artery.
• The posterior segmental artery, which originates from a continuation of the posterior branch of
the renal artery, supplies the posterior segment of the kidney.
Renal Veins:
• Renal veins drain each kidney and unite in a variable fashion to form the right and left renal veins
• Renal veins lie anterior to the right and left renal arteries
• The longer left renal vein receives the left suprarenal vein, the left gonadal (testicular or ovarian) vein,
and a communication with the ascending lumbarvein; it then traverses the acute angle between the
SMA anteriorly and the aorta posteriorly.
• Each renal vein drains into the IVC.
57. 7 to 9 Intercostal muscles
67. This ligament consist of strong • → avascular necrosis of the femoral head
triangular band of fibers, which spring • “Fractures of the femoral neck interfere with
from the ischium below and behind the or completely interrupt the blood supply from
acetabulum and blends with the the root of the femoral neck to the femoral
circular fibers of the capsule head. The scant blood flow along the small
- ISCHIOCAPSULAR LIGAMENT or BAND/ artery that accompanies the round ligament
may be insufficient to sustain the viability of
LIGAMENT OF BERTIN
the femoral head, and ischemic necrosis
gradually takes place.”
68. This consists of strong, flattened
fibers, which cross the acetabular
notch, and convert it into a foramen
through which the nutrient vessel enter
the joint
Ligamentumteresfemoris
• Base attached by two bands, one
into either side of the acetabular
notch, and between these bony
attachments it blends with the
transverse ligament.
71. Describe the ulno-carpal joint a fall on the outstretched hand in a young
adult makes one suspicious of a fractured
Ulno-carpal joint scaphoid. (Source: SNELL)
• End of ulna separated from triquetral and • Scaphoid fractures are classified according
lunate by triangular fibrocartilage that acts to the severity of displacement--or how far
as shock absorber the pieces of bone have moved out of their
• Abduction/adduction (radial/ulnar normal position:
deviation):
o 15 degrees abduction – lunate o Non-displaced fracture. In this type
makes contact with articular disk of fracture, the bone fragments line
o 45 degreed adduction – triquetrum up correctly.
makes contact with articular disk o Displaced fracture. In this type of
fracture, the bone fragments have
• Flexion/extension (170 degrees) through moved out of their normal position.
lunate-capitate axis There may be gaps between the
• Circumduction pieces of bone or fragments may
• Support: ulnar collateral ligament – ulnar overlap each other.
styloid to triquetrum, ulnar carpal ligament
– on palmar side
76. This carpal bone is related to the
triangular cartilage
92. Read on the scarpa’s triangle • aka Adductor Canal/ Subsartorial Canal/
Canal of Guyton
Femoral triangle (Scarpa’s triangle) • aponeurotic tunnel
• A subfascial formation, triangular
• middle third of thigh
landmark
• Appears as a triangular depression Course:
inferior to the inguinal ligament
when the thigh is flexed, abducted, • Femoral Triangle (apex) → Adductor
and laterally rotated. hiatus (opening of adductor magnus)
• Bounded: • between: anterior + medial compartment
o Superiorly: inguinal ligament of thigh
(thickened inferior margin of
external oblique aponeurosis); Boundaries:
forms base of femoral triangle
o Medially: lateral border of • Anterolaterally- Vastus medialis
adductor longus • Posterior- Adductor longus + magnus
o Laterally: medial border of • Covered by: strong aponeurosis (from
sartorius muscle Vastus medialis→ Adductor longus +
It also has a floor and a roof magnus)
o Roof: fascia lata • Medially + roof- Sartorius
o Base: pectineus, iliopsoas, and
adductor longus muscles Contents:
- The adductor muscle group of the thigh is also called medial compartment of the thigh. There are five
muscles in this group: gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor
magnus.
Recall:
• a long, strap-like muscle and is the most medial muscle of the thigh
• the most superficial of the adductor group and the weakest member
• the only one of the group to cross the knee joint as well as the hip joint
• The gracilis joins with two other two-joint muscles from the other two compartments (the sartoriusand
semitendinosus muscles). They have a common tendinous insertion, the pes anserinus(L., goose’s
foot),
• Proximal Attachment: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
• Distal Attachment: Superior part of medial surface of tibia.(pes anserinus)
• Innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)
• Action: Adducts thigh; flexes leg; helps rotate leg medially
Abductor DigitiMinimi
OpponensDigitiMinimi
110. WHAT ARE FIBROUS SLIPS, COVERED BY SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE TRANSMIT BLOOD VESSELS TO
THE FLEXOR TENDONS