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    Chapter 5

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    This document summarizes key aspects of transient heat transfer analysis from Chapter 5. It discusses the lumped capacitance method, which assumes negligible temperature variation within a solid. It presents the governing equation for transient heat transfer and conditions for valid use of lumped analysis. Spatial effects for non-lumped systems are also addressed, including exact and approximate solutions for plane walls and radial systems with convection.

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    Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    qusay
    120 views15 pages
    This document summarizes key aspects of transient heat transfer analysis from Chapter 5. It discusses the lumped capacitance method, which assumes negligible temperature variation within a solid. It presents the governing equation for transient heat transfer and conditions for valid use of lumped analysis. Spatial effects for non-lumped systems are also addressed, including exact and approximate solutions for plane walls and radial systems with convection.

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    This document summarizes key aspects of transient heat transfer analysis from Chapter 5. It discusses the lumped capacitance method, which assumes negligible temperature variation within a solid. It presents the governing equation for transient heat transfer and conditions for valid use of lumped analysis. Spatial effects for non-lumped systems are also addressed, including exact and approximate solutions for plane walls and radial systems with convection.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    120 views15 pages

    Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    qusay
    This document summarizes key aspects of transient heat transfer analysis from Chapter 5. It discusses the lumped capacitance method, which assumes negligible temperature variation within a solid. It presents the governing equation for transient heat transfer and conditions for valid use of lumped analysis. Spatial effects for non-lumped systems are also addressed, including exact and approximate solutions for plane walls and radial systems with convection.

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    of 15

    Heat Transfer

    DM23815

    Chapter 5. Transient Conduction

    Eunseop Yeom
    [email protected]

    School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University


    5. Introduction
    We recognize that many heat transfer problems are time dependent. Such unsteady,
    or transient, problems typically arise when the boundary conditions of a system are
    changed. For example, if the surface temperature of a system is altered, the
    temperature at each point in the system will also begin to change. The changes will
    continue to occur until a steady-state temperature distribution is reached. Such time
    dependent effects occur in many industrial heating and cooling processes.

     Lumped system analysis(집중용량법)

    The variation of the interior temperature with position is negligible at all times
    during a heat transfer process.

    Copper ball (lumped system) Roast beef


    2
    5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method

    Applying energy balance to the control volume, this requirement takes the form

    (Energy Gain by Liquid = Energy Loss by a Solid Body)

    Introducing the temperature difference

    3 Continue
    5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method
    Separating variables and integrating from the initial condition, for which t = 0 and T(0)
    = Ti (θi = Ti – T∞) , we then obtain

    Arranging

    Thermal time constant τt

    Rt is the resistance to convection heat transfer


    Ct is the lumped thermal capacitance of the solid

    4
    5.1 The Lumped Capacitance Method
    The total energy transfer Q occurring up to some time t,

     hAs 
     hAs 
     t dθ  hAs   t
     ρVc 
    θ  θi e  ρVc   θi   t e
    dt  ρVc 

    t
     hAs 
     t   τt 
      θi hAs e  ρVc 
    dt   ρVcθi e t  1
    0
     

    5
    5.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method
    • Lumped Capacitance Method is certainly the simplest and most convenient method
    that can be used to solve transient heating and cooling problems. It is important to
    determine under what conditions it may be used with reasonable accuracy.
    The surface energy balance

    • Note especially the conditions corresponding to Bi  0. This implies that the resistance to
    conduction within the solid is much less than the resistance to convection across the fluid
    boundary layer.
    • If the following condition is satisfied, the error associated with using the lumped system analysis
    is small, where.

    Characteristic Length
    6
    5.2 Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method

    Fourier number is a dimensionless time Thermal diffusivity(열확산율)

    7
    5.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis

     Radiation Only

    Limiting result for Tsur = 0


    (radiation to deep space)

    8
    5.3 General Lumped Capacitance Analysis
     Negligible Radiation

    Although Equation may be solved by asumming its homogeneous and particular solutions,
    an alternative approach is to eliminate the nonhomogeneity by introducing the transformation

    9
    5.4 Spatial Effects
    For not small Biot number, temperature gradients within the medium are no longer negligible.

    With no internal generation and the assumption of constant thermal conductivity

    Initial condition and two boundary conditions

    θ T  T
      
    *

    θi Ti  T
    10 Continue
    5.4 Spatial Effects
    Dimensionless parameters

    The heat equation

     2 θ* 1  θ*

     x /L
    2 2
    α  t/L2

    Initial and boundary conditions

     θ* 1 *
     hθ 1,t  Bi
     x/L k/L

    11
    5.5 The Plane Wall with Convection
     Exact Solution

     Approximate Solution
    For values of Fo > 0.2, the infinite series solution, Exact Solution can be approximated by the
    first term of the series.

     Total Energy Transfer

    12
    5.6 Radial Systems with Convection
     Exact Solution
    Infinite Cylinder

     Approximate Solution
    For values of Fo > 0.2, the infinite series solution, Exact Solution can be approximated by the
    first term of the series.

     Total Energy Transfer

    13
    5.6 Radial Systems with Convection
     Exact Solution
    Sphere

     Approximate Solution
    For values of Fo > 0.2, the infinite series solution, Exact Solution can be approximated by the
    first term of the series.

     Total Energy Transfer

    14
    5.6 Radial Systems with Convection
    TABLE 5.1 Coefficients used in the one-term approximation to
    the series solutions for transient one-dimensional conduction
    B.4 Bessel Functions of the First Kind

    15

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