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    2T1: The Discrete Fourier: Transform (1 of 2)

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    ZenPhi
    This document provides an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). It defines the DFT equation which transforms a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It explains that the DFT uses complex exponentials and shows examples of complex exponentials for different frequency indexes when N=4. It also demonstrates how to calculate the scalar product in the DFT, providing an example calculation.

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    2T1: The Discrete Fourier: Transform (1 of 2)

    Uploaded by

    ZenPhi
    32 views10 pages
    This document provides an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). It defines the DFT equation which transforms a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It explains that the DFT uses complex exponentials and shows examples of complex exponentials for different frequency indexes when N=4. It also demonstrates how to calculate the scalar product in the DFT, providing an example calculation.

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    DFT-1

    Original Title

    2T1-DFT-1

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    This document provides an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). It defines the DFT equation which transforms a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It explains that the DFT uses complex exponentials and shows examples of complex exponentials for different frequency indexes when N=4. It also demonstrates how to calculate the scalar product in the DFT, providing an example calculation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    32 views10 pages

    2T1: The Discrete Fourier: Transform (1 of 2)

    Uploaded by

    ZenPhi
    This document provides an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). It defines the DFT equation which transforms a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. It explains that the DFT uses complex exponentials and shows examples of complex exponentials for different frequency indexes when N=4. It also demonstrates how to calculate the scalar product in the DFT, providing an example calculation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as odp, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    2T1: The Discrete Fourier

    Transform (1 of 2)

    Xavier Serra
    Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona
    Index

    ● DFT equation
    ● Complex exponentials in the DFT
    ● Scalar product in the DFT
    Discrete Fourier Transform
    N −1
    X [ k ]= ∑ x [n]e− j 2 π kn / N k =0,... , N −1
    n=0

    n : discrete time index (normalized time, T =1)


    k : discrete frequency index
    ω k =2 π k / N : frequency in radians per second
    f k = f s k / N : frequency in Hz ( f s : sampling rate)
    DFT: complex exponentials

    s*k =e− j 2 π kn/ N =cos(2 π kn/ N )− j sin (2 π kn / N )

    for N =4, thus for n=0,1,2,3 ; k =0,1,2,3

    s*0=cos(2 π×0×n/ 4)− j sin (2 π×0×n/ 4)=[1,1,1,1]


    s*1=cos(2 π×1×n/ 4)− j sin(2 π×1×n/ 4)=[1,− j ,−1, j ]
    s*2=cos(2 π×2×n/ 4)− j sin (2 π×2×n/ 4)=[1,−1,1,−1]
    s*3=cos(2 π×3×n/ 4)− j sin (2 π×3×n/ 4)=[1, j ,−1,− j ]
    DFT: complex exponentials
    DFT: scalar product
    N −1 N −1
    ⟨ x , s k ⟩= ∑ x [n] s k [n]= ∑ x [n]e
    * − j 2 π kn/ N

    n=0 n=0

    Example:
    x [ n]=[1,−1,1,−1] ; N =4

    ⟨ x , s0 ⟩=1×1+(−1)×1+1×1+(−1)×1=0
    ⟨ x , s1 ⟩=1×1+(−1)×(− j)+1×(−1)+(−1)× j=0
    ⟨ x , s 2 ⟩=1×1+(−1)×(−1)+1×1+(−1)×(−1)=4
    ⟨ x , s3 ⟩=1×1+(−1)× j+1×(−1)+(−1)×(− j)=0
    DFT: scalar product
    References and credits

    ● More information in:


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_Fourier_transform
    ● Reference on the mathematics of the DFT from Julius O.
    Smith: https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/mdft/
    ● Sounds from:
    http://www.freesound.org/people/xserra/packs/13038
    ● Slides released under CC Attribution-Noncommercial-
    Share Alike license and code under Affero GPL license;
    available from https://github.com/MTG/sms-tools
    2T1: The Discrete Fourier
    Transform (1 of 2)

    Xavier Serra
    Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona

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