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    Orifice Meter: How Does It Work?

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    zubi13
    An orifice meter uses an orifice plate with a precisely cut hole to create a pressure drop as fluid passes through it. As fluid velocity increases through the smaller hole area, pressure decreases. This pressure difference is measured and can be used to calculate flow rate. Orifice plates are thin, precisely machined disks that are easy to duplicate, making orifice meters a standard flow measurement device when calibrated properly. Provided construction matches standards, no further calibration is needed.

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    Orifice Meter: How Does It Work?

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    zubi13
    495 views4 pages
    An orifice meter uses an orifice plate with a precisely cut hole to create a pressure drop as fluid passes through it. As fluid velocity increases through the smaller hole area, pressure decreases. This pressure difference is measured and can be used to calculate flow rate. Orifice plates are thin, precisely machined disks that are easy to duplicate, making orifice meters a standard flow measurement device when calibrated properly. Provided construction matches standards, no further calibration is needed.

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    Orifice Meter

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    An orifice meter uses an orifice plate with a precisely cut hole to create a pressure drop as fluid passes through it. As fluid velocity increases through the smaller hole area, pressure decreases. This pressure difference is measured and can be used to calculate flow rate. Orifice plates are thin, precisely machined disks that are easy to duplicate, making orifice meters a standard flow measurement device when calibrated properly. Provided construction matches standards, no further calibration is needed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    495 views4 pages

    Orifice Meter: How Does It Work?

    Uploaded by

    zubi13
    An orifice meter uses an orifice plate with a precisely cut hole to create a pressure drop as fluid passes through it. As fluid velocity increases through the smaller hole area, pressure decreases. This pressure difference is measured and can be used to calculate flow rate. Orifice plates are thin, precisely machined disks that are easy to duplicate, making orifice meters a standard flow measurement device when calibrated properly. Provided construction matches standards, no further calibration is needed.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Orifice meter

    An orifice meter is a conduit and a restriction to creat pressure drop. Orifice plates are flat plates
    1/16   to   1/4   inch   thick.In order to use any of these devices for measurement it is necessary to
    empirically calibrate them. That is, pass a known volume through the meter and note the reading
    in order to provide a standard for measuring other quantities. Due to the ease of duplicating and
    the simple construction, the thin sharp edged orifice has been adopted as a standard and
    extensive calibration work has been done so that it is widely accepted as a standard means of
    measuring fluids. Provided the standard mechanics of construction are followed no further
    calibration is required. An orifice in a pipeline with a manometer for measuring the drop in
    pressure (differential) as the fluid passes through the orifice. The minimum cross sectional area
    of the jet is known as the “vena contracta.”

    How does it work?


    As the fluid approaches the orifice the pressure increases slightly and then drops suddenly as the
    orifice is passed. It continues to drop until the “vena contracta” is reached and then gradually
    increases until at approximately 5 to 8 diameters downstream a maximum pressure point is
    reached that will be lower than the pressure upstream of the orifice. The decrease in pressure as
    the fluid passes thru the orifice is a result of the increased velocity of the gas passing through the
    reduced area of the orifice. When the velocity decreases as the fluid leaves the orifice the
    pressure increases and tends to return to its original level. All of the pressure loss is not
    recovered because of friction and turbulence losses in the stream. The pressure drop across the
    orifice increases when the rate of flow increases.
    When there is no flow there is no differential. The differential pressure is proportional to the
    square of the velocity, it therefore follows that if all other factors remain constant, then the
    differential is proportional to the square of the rate of flow.

     ORIFICE GAS FLOW EQUATION:-

    Qv = 218.527*Cd*Ev*Y1*(d2)*[Tb/Pb]*[(Pf1*Zb*hw)/(Gr*Zf1*Tf)]0.5 (3-6)
    Where
    Cd = Orifice plate coefficient of discharge
    d = Orifice plate bore diameter calculated at flowing temperature (Tf) - in.
    Gr = Real gas relative density (specify gravity)
    hw = Orifice differential pressure in inches of water at 60 degF
    Ev = Velocity of approach factor
    Pb = Base pressure - psia
    Pf1 = Flowing pressure (upstream tap - psia
    Qv = Standard volume flow rate - SCF/hr.
    Tb = Base temperature - degR
    Tf = Flowing temperature - degR
    Y2 = Expansion factor (downstream tap)
    Zb = Compressibility at base conditions (Pb,Tb)
    Zf1 = Compressibility (upstream flowing conditions - Pf1, Tf)

    1.Concentric Square Edge Orifice Plate 


    The concentric square edge orifice plates we offer are most commonly used devices for flow
    measurement of clean liquids, gases and low velocity vapor flows. These plates have a sharp,
    square edged hole bored in a flat thin plate with or without bevel at the outlet depending on size
    & usage. They are widely used for restricting flows and dropping pressures.

    2.Segmental Orifice Plate 


    These segmental orifice plates we offer are most useful where there are substantial entrained
    water or air and also if there are suspension in the fluids. This avoids build up in front of the
    orifice plate. The orifice hole is placed at the bottom for gas service and top for liquids.

    3.Eccentric Orifice Plate 


    These eccentric orifice plates we offer are most useful where there are substantial entrained
    water or air and also if there are suspension in the fluids. This avoids build up in front of the
    orifice plate. The orifice hole is placed at the bottom for gas service and top for liquids.
    4.Conical entrance orifice plates:-
    These conical entrance orifice plates are used for low Reynolds number (generally below 10,000) and
    give more constant or predictable discharge coefficient. At lower reynolds numbers, the discharge
    coefficient of square edge orifice plate may change by as much as 30%. These are more usable for
    viscous service.

    5.Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate :-

    These Quadrant Edge Orifice Plate are used for low


    reynolds number and give more constant discharge
    coefficient. At lower reynolds numbers, the discharge
    coefficient of square edge orifice plate may change by 30%.

    Advantage of Orifice Meter Measurement:-

    Flow can be accurately determined without the need for actual fluid flow calibration. Well
    established procedures convert the differential pressure into flow rate, using empirically derived
    coefficients. These coefficients are based on accurately measurable dimensions of the orifice
    plate and pipe diameters as in standards, combined with easily measurable characteristics of the
    fluid, rather than on fluidflow calibrations.
    With the exception of the orifice meter, almost all flow meters require a fluid flow calibration at
    flow and temperature conditions closely approximating service operation in order to establish
    accuracy.
    In addition to not requiring direct fluid flow calibration, orifice meters are simple, rugged,
    widely
    accepted, reliable and relatively inexpensive.
    No moving parts!

    Disadvantages:-
     Permanent pressure loss
     Clogging
     Square root characteristic
     Changing characteristics
     High Accuracy required

    References:-

     INSTRUMENTATION REFERENCE BOOK By WALT BOYES


      Instrumentation for process measurement and control by Norman A. Anderson
     Engineering Experiment Station bulletin Issue 77

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