B.2 Gas Constants and Standard Gas Conditions B.2.1 U G C

Appendix B 355
B.2 GAS CONSTANTS AND STANDARD GAS

CONDITIONS
B.2.1 UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANTS
Metric/SI Units
8.31441 J/(mol-K)
1.98719 cal/(mol-K)
82.0568 cm3-atm/(mol-K)
62.3633 L-mm/(mol-K)
0.0820568 L-atm/(mol-K)
8.31441 m3-Pa/(mol-K)
8.31441 × 10−5 m3-bar/(mol-K)
0.0831441 L-bar/(mol-K)
Engineering and Mixed Units
1.98585 Btu/(lb-mol-°R)
0.730235 atm-ft3/(lb-mol-°R)
0.739911 bar-ft3/(lb-mol-°R)
1545.34 ft-lbf/(lb-mol-°R)
10.7315 psi ft3/(lb-mol-°R)
B.2.2 STANDARD GAS CONDITIONS

Gas volumes given are for ideal gas only.
1. Normal: continental and scientific applications
0°C, 1.01325 bar, gas volume = 22.4136 m3/kg-mol
32°F, 14.696 psia, gas volume = 359.031 ft3/lb-mol
(Nm3 based upon these conditions)
2. Standard (scf): U.S. engineering applications
15.5556°C, 1.01325 bar, gas volume = 23.6900 m3/kg-mol
60°F, 14.696 psia, gas volume = 379.49 ft3/lb-mol
(scf = standard cubic foot based upon these conditions)
3. Standard: API 2564, SI 15°C, 101.325 kPa, gas volume = 23.6444
m3/kg-mol (Sm3 based upon these conditions)
B.3 THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL

PROPERTY DATA
B.3.1 TABLE OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF PURE FLUIDS
Table B.1 provides some of the most useful physical constants for fluids encoun-
tered in natural gas processing. For additional properties the reader should consult
GPA Standard 2145-03 (2005). The standard includes a number of notes
regarding the data and data sources.
© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

TABLE B.1
Physical Properties of Compounds Typically Seen in Gas Processing
Component Methane Ethane Propane Isobutane n-Butane Isopentane n-Pentane
Molar mass 16.042 30.069 44.096 58.122 58.122 72.149 72.149

Boiling Point, °F (K) −258.67 (111.67) −127.48 (184.55) −43.72 (231.08) 11.08 (261.53) 31.09 (272.64) 82.11 (300.99) 96.98 (309.25)
Freezing Point ,°F (K) −296.45 (90.68) −297.04 (90.35) −305.73 (85.52) −255.3 (113.54) −217.05 (134.79) −255.8 (113.26) −201.5 (143.43)
Vapor Pressure at 100 °F 5000 (350) a 800 (55)a 188.69 (13.699) 72.484 (5.3012) 51.683 (3.7936) 20.456 (1.5136) 15.558 (1.1556)
(313.15K), psia (bar)
Density of liquid
Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

Relative to water 0.3a 0.35643 0.50738 0.56295 0.58408 0.6246 0.63113
Density, lb/gal (kg/m3) 2.5 (300)a 2.9716 (358) 4.2301 (507.67) 4.6934 (563.07) 4.8696 (584.14) 5.2074 (624.54) 5.2618 (631.05)
Density of ideal gas

Relative density, air = 1.0 0.55397 1.0383 1.5227 2.0071 2.0071 2.4914 2.4914
Density lb/1000 ft3 (kg/m3) 42.274 (0.67848) 79.237 (1.2717) 116.2 (1.8649) 153.16 (2.4581) 153.16 (2.4581) 190.12 (3.0514) 190.12 (3.0514)
Volume of liquid
gal/lb-mol (cm3/mol) 6.417 (53.475) a 10.119 (83.992) 10.424 (86.859) 12.384 (103.22) 11.936 (99.501) 13.855 (115.52) 13.712 (114.33)
Critical conditions
Temperature, °F (K) −116.66 (190.56) 89.924 (305.33) 205.92 (369.77) 274.41 (407.82) 305.546 (425.12) 368.98 (460.36) 385.75 (469.68)
Pressure, psia (bar) 667 (45.99) 706.6 (48.72) 615.5 (42.44) 527.9 (36.40) 550.9 (37.98) 490.4 (33.81) 488.8 (33.70)
356

Gross heating value, ideal reaction
Fuel as liquid Btu/lb, 22181 (51.594) 21490 (49.988) 21080 (49.033) 21136 (49.165) 20891 (48.594) 20923 (48.669)
(MJ/kg)
Fuel as liquid, Btu/gal 65914 (18471) 90905 (25377) 98935 (27609) 102926 (28719) 108789 (30349) 110094 (30712)
(MJ/m3)
fuel as ideal gas, Btu/lb 23892 (55.576) 22334 (51.952) 21654 (50.37) 21232 (49.389) 21300 (49.547) 21044 (48.95) 21085 (49.046)
(MJ/kg)
Fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft3 1010 (37.707) 1769.7 (66.067) 2516.2 (93.936) 3252 (121.4) 3262.4 (121.79) 4000.9 (149.36) 4008.7 (149.66)
(MJ/m3)
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 59730 66369 91599 99652 103724 109584 110946
Net heating value, ideal reaction, fuel as ideal gas

3 3
Btu/ft , (MJ/m ) 909 (33.949) 1619 (60.429) 2315 (86.419) 3000 (112.01) 3011 (112.4) 3699 (138.09) 3707 (138.38)
Heat of vaporization at 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar)

Btu/lb, kJ/kg 219.8 (511.3) 210.3 (489.2) 183.4 (426.7) 157.2 (365.6) 166.3 (386.9) 147.7 (343.7) 154.4 (359.2)
Flammability limits at 100 F, 14.696 psia (313.15K, 1.01325 bar) in air, vol%
Lower limit 5 2.9 2 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.4
Upper limit 15 13 9.5 8.5 9 8 8.3
a
hypothetical value because liquid does not exist at stated condition
(continued)
Appendix B
357
TABLE B.1 (Continued)
Component n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane n-Nonane n-Decane Carbon Dioxide
Molar mass 86.175 100.202 114.229 128.255 142.282 44.01

Boiling point, °F (K) 155.72 (341.88) 209.13 (371.56) 258.21 (398.82) 303.4 (423.93) 345.4 (447.26) −109.12 (194.75)
Vapor pressure at 100°F 4.961 (37.3) 1.62 (12.336) 0.5366 (4.1403) 0.17 (1.3488) 0.0616 (0.4876)
(313.15K), psia (bar)
Density of liquid
Relative to water 0.66405 (0.66448) 0.68819 (0.6886) 0.70698 (0.70737) 0.72186 (0.72224) 0.73406 (0.73442) 0.82203 (0.82195)

3
Density, lb/gal (kg/m ) 5.5363 (663.89) 5.7375 (687.98) 5.8942 (706.73) 6.0183 (721.59) 6.12 (733.76) 6.8534 (821.22)
Density of Ideal Gas

Relative density, air = 1.0 2.9758 3.4601 3.9445 4.4289 4.9132 1.5197
Density lb/1,000 ft3 (kg/m3) 227.09 (3.6446) 264.05 (4.2378) 301.01 (4.831) 337.97 (5.4242) 374.93 (6.0174) 115.97 (1.8613)
Volume of liquid
gal/lb-mol (cm3/mol) 15.566 (129.8) 17.464 (145.65) 19.38 (161.63) 21.311 (177.74) 23.249 (193.91) 6.4216 (53.59)
Critical conditions
Temperature, °F (K) 453.83 (507.5) 512.87 (540.3) 564.22 (568.8) 610.8 (594.7) 652.2 (617.7) 87.8 (304.1)
Pressure, psia (bar) 436.9 (3012) 396.8 (2736) 360.7 (2487) 330.7 (2280) 304.6 (2100) 1070 (7377)
358

Appendix B
Fuel as liquid Btu/lb, (MJ/kg) 20783 (48.343) 20680 (48.104) 20601 (47.92) 20543 (47.785) 20494 (47.671)
Fuel as liquid, Btu/gal (MJ/m3) 115060 (32094) 118654 (33095) 121428 (33866) 123634 (34481) 125424 (34979)
fuel as ideal gas, Btu/lb (MJ/kg) 20944 (48.717) 20839 (48.474) 20760 (48.289) 20701 (48.153) 20652 (48.038)
Fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft3 (MJ/m3) 4756 (177.55) 5502.5 (205.42) 6248.9 (233.29) 6996.4 (261.19) 7743 (289.06)
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 115951 119565 122363 124585 126388

Btu/ft3, (MJ/m3) 4404 (164.4) 5100 (190.39) 5796 (216.37) 6493 (242.4) 7190 (268.39)

Btu/lbm, kJ/kg 144.1 (335.1) 136.7 (318.1) 130 (302.4) 124.4 (289.3) 119.3 (277.6) 246.5 (573.3)
Flammability limits at 100F, 14.696 psia (313.15 K, 1.01325 bar) in air, vol%
Lower limit 1.1 1 0.8 0.7 0.7
Upper limit 7.7 7 6.5 5.6 5.4
(continued)
359
Component Hydrogen Sulfide Nitrogen Oxygen Helium Air Water
Molar mass 34.082 28.013 31.999 4.0026 28.959 18.0153

Boiling Point, °F (K) −76.52 (212.86) −320.43 (77.355) −297.33 −452.06 (4.23) −317.64 (78.903) 211.95
(90.188) (373.124)
Freezing Point ,°F (K) −121.81 (187.7) −346 (63.151) −361.82 −455.75 (2.177) 32
(54.361) (273.15)
Vapor Pressure at 100 °F 395.55 (28.67) 0.95051

(313.15K), psia (bar) (0.073849)

Density of liquid
Relative to water 0.80269 (0.80015) 0.80687 (0.8068) 1.1423 (1.1422) 0.87603 1.0
(0.87596)
Density, lb/gal (kg/m3) 6.6922 (799.4) 6.727 (806.1) 9.5236 (1141.2) 7.3036 (875.2) 8.3372
(999.103)
Density of gas
Relative density, air = 1.0 1.1769 0.9673 1.105 0.1382 1.0 0.6221
Density lb/1000 ft3 (kg/m3) 89.811 (1.4414) 73.819 (1.1847) 84.322 (1.3533) 10.547 (0.1693) 76.311 (1.2247) 47.473
(0.76191)
Volume of liquid
gal/lb-mol (cm3/mol) 5.0928 (42.63) 4.1643 (34.752) 3.36 (28.04) 3.965 (33.09) 2.1608
(18.031)
360

Appendix B
Critical conditions
Temperature, °F (K) 212.8 (373.6) −232.53 (126.19) −181.43 −450.32 (5.195) −220.97 (132.61) 705.1
(154.58) (647.1)
Pressure, psia (bar) 1306.5 (90.08) 492.5 (33.96) 731.4 (50.43) 33.0 (2.275) 551.9 (38.05) 3200.1 (22.064)

Fuel as liquid Btu/lb, 6897 (12825)
(MJ/kg)
Fuel as liquid, Btu/gal 46156 (16.042)
(MJ/m3)
Fuel as ideal gas, Btu/lb 7093.8 (16.501)
(MJ/kg)
Fuel as ideal gas Btu/ft3 637.11 (23.785)
(MJ/m3)
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas 47473

3 3
Btu/ft , (MJ/m ) 586.8 (21.91)

Btu/lb, kJ/kg 234.4 (545.3) 85.63 (199.2) 91.6 (213.1) 8.922 (20.75) 86.81 (201.9) 970.12 (2256.5)
Flammability limits at 100°F, 14.696 psia (313.15K, 1.01325 bar) in air, vol%
Lower limit 4.3
Upper limit 45.5
Unless stated otherwise, pressure-dependent properties are given at 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar); temperature-dependent properties are given at 60°F (15°C); temperature-
dependent and pressure-dependent properties are given at 60°F (15°C) and 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar). Source: GPA (2005).
361
362 Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing
B.3.2 TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS

Tables B.2 to B.11 provide constants for equations to calculate physical properties
as a function of temperature. Pressure effect is not considered and liquid
properties are given at the vapor pressure of the fluid (saturation boundary). The
tables include the applicable temperature range and the esti-mated quality of the
prediction. They also include equation numbers for which the coefficients apply.
Table B.12 lists the equations. These data were made available by courtesy of the
Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR,2005), an Industry Technology
Alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), from the
DIPPR 801 database, 2005 edition (www.aiche.org/DIPPR). The coefficients
were regressed from critically reviewed data. The tables present 10 of the 15
temperature-dependent phys-ical properties and 33 physical constants in the
database. Nearly 1,800 com-pounds are included in the database.

Appendix B
TABLE B.2
Liquid Density (Computed value has units of kmol/m 3)
Compound Equation Number Temperature Range (K) Quality A B C D E
Methane 105 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 2.9214E+00 2.8976E−01 1.9056E+02 2.8881E−01

Ethylene 105 104 − 282.3 < 1% 2.0961E+00 2.7657E−01 2.8234E+02 2.9147E−01
Ethane 105 90.4 − 305.3 < 1% 1.9122E+00 2.7937E−01 3.0532E+02 2.9187E−01
Propane 105 85.5 − 369.8 < 1% 1.3757E+00 2.7453E−01 3.6983E+02 2.9359E−01
Isobutane 105 113.5 − 407.8 < 1% 1.0631E+00 2.7506E−01 4.078E+02 2.758E−01
n-Butane 105 134.9 − 425.1 < 1% 1.0677E+00 2.7188E−01 4.2512E+02 2.8688E−01
Isopentane 105 113.2 − 460.4 < 1% 9.1991E−01 2.7815E−01 4.604E+02 2.8667E−01
n-Pentane 105 143.4 − 469.7 < 1% 8.4947E−01 2.6726E−01 4.697E+02 2.7789E−01
Benzene 105 278.7 − 562 < 3% 1.0259E+00 2.6666E−01 5.6205E+02 2.8394E−01
n-Hexane 105 177.8 − 507.6 < 1% 7.0824E−01 2.6411E−01 5.076E+02 2.7537E−01
n-Heptane 105 182.6 − 540.2 < 1% 6.1259E−01 2.6211E−01 5.402E+02 2.8141E−01
Ammonia 105 195.4 − 405.6 < 1% 3.5383E+00 2.5443E−01 4.0565E+02 2.888E−01
Water 116 273.2 − 647.1 < 1% 1.7863E+01 5.8606E+01 −9.5396E+01 2.1389E+02 −1.4126E+02
Oxygen 105 54.4 − 154.6 < 1% 3.9143E+00 2.8772E−01 1.5458E+02 2.924E−01
Nitrogen 105 63.2 − 126.2 < 1% 3.2091E+00 2.861E−01 1.262E+02 2.966E−01
Hydrogen 105 14 − 33.2 < 3% 5.414E+00 3.4893E−01 3.319E+01 2.706E−01
Hydrogen sulfide 105 187.7 − 373.5 < 1% 2.7672E+00 2.7369E−01 3.7353E+02 2.9015E−01
Carbon monoxide 105 68.2 − 132.9 < 1% 2.897E+00 2.7532E−01 1.3292E+02 2.813E−01
Carbon dioxide 105 216.6 − 304.2 < 1% 2.768E+00 2.6212E−01 3.0421E+02 2.908E−01
Helium 105 2.2 − 5.2 < 3% 7.2475E+00 4.1865E−01 5.2E+00 2.4096E−01
Methanol 105 175.5 − 512.5 < 1% 2.3267E+00 2.7073E−01 5.125E+02 2.4713E−01
Ethylene glycol 105 260.2 − 720 < 1% 1.315E+00 2.5125E−01 7.2E+02 2.1868E−01
Diethylene glycol 105 262.7 − 744.6 < 3% 8.3692E−01 2.6112E−01 7.446E+02 2.422E−01
Triethylene glycol 105 266 − 769.5 < 3% 5.9672E−01 2.6217E−01 7.695E+02 2.4631E−01
Copyright 2005 by the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and reproduced by permission of AIChE.
363
TABLE B.3
Vapor Pressure (Computed value has units of Pa)
Methane 101 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 3.9205E+01 −1.3244E+03 −3.4366E+00 3.1019E−05 2

Ethylene 101 104 − 282.3 < 1% 5.3963E+01 −2.443E+03 −5.5643E+00 1.9079E−05 2
Ethane 101 90.4 − 305.3 < 1% 5.1857E+01 −2.5987E+03 −5.1283E+00 1.4913E−05 2
Propane 101 85.5 − 369.8 < 3% 5.9078E+01 −3.4926E+03 −6.0669E+00 1.0919E−05 2
Isobutane 101 113.5 − 407.8 < 3% 1.0843E+02 −5.0399E+03 −1.5012E+01 2.2725E−02 1
n-Butane 101 134.9 − 425.1 < 3% 6.6343E+01 −4.3632E+03 −7.046E+00 9.4509E−06 2
Isopentane 101 113.2 − 460.4 < 3% 7.1308E+01 −4.976E+03 −7.7169E+00 8.7271E−06 2
n-Pentane 101 143.4 − 469.7 < 3% 7.8741E+01 −5.4203E+03 −8.8253E+00 9.6171E−06 2
Benzene 101 278.7 − 562 < 1% 8.3107E+01 −6.4862E+03 −9.2194E+00 6.9844E−06 2
n-Hexane 101 177.8 − 507.6 < 3% 1.0465E+02 −6.9955E+03 −1.2702E+01 1.2381E−05

2
n-Heptane 101 182.6 − 540.2 < 3% 8.7829E+01 −6.9964E+03 −9.8802E+00 7.2099E−06 2
Ammonia 101 195.4 − 405.6 < 1% 9.0483E+01 −4.6697E+03 −1.1607E+01 1.7194E−02 1
Water 101 273.2 − 647.1 < 0.2% 7.3649E+01 −7.2582E+03 −7.3037E+00 4.1653E−06 2
Oxygen 101 54.4 − 154.6 < 1% 5.1245E+01 −1.2002E+03 −6.4361E+00 2.8405E−02 1
Nitrogen 101 63.2 − 126.2 < 1% 5.8282E+01 −1.0841E+03 −8.3144E+00 4.4127E−02 1
Hydrogen 101 14 − 33.2 < 3% 1.269E+01 −9.4896E+01 1.1125E+00 3.2915E−04 2
Hydrogen sulfide 101 187.7 − 373.5 < 3% 8.5584E+01 −3.8399E+03 −1.1199E+01 1.8848E−02 1
Carbon monoxide 101 68.2 − 132.9 < 1% 4.5698E+01 −1.0766E+03 −4.8814E+00 7.5673E−05 2
Carbon dioxide 101 216.6 − 304.2 < 1% 1.4054E+02 −4.735E+03 −2.1268E+01 4.0909E−02 1
Helium 101 1.8 − 5.2 < 1% 1.1533E+01 −8.99E+00 6.724E−01 2.743E−01 1
Methanol 101 175.5 − 512.5 < 1% 8.2718E+01 −6.9045E+03 −8.8622E+00 7.4664E−06 2
Ethylene glycol 101 260.2 − 720 < 3% 8.409E+01 −1.0411E+04 −8.1976E+00 1.6536E−18 6
Diethylene glycol 101 262.7 − 744.6 < 10% 1.4245E+02 −1.505E+04 −1.6318E+01 5.9506E−18 6
Triethylene Glycol 101 266 − 769.5 < 10% 1.5248E+02 −1.6449E+04 −1.767E+01 6.4481E−18 6
Copyright 2005 by the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and
reproduced by permission of AIChE.
364

Appendix B
TABLE B.4
Heat of Vaporization (Computed value has units of J/kmol)
Compound Equation Number Temperature Range(K) Quality A B C D
Methane 106 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 1.0194E+07 2.6087E−01 −1.4694E−01 2.2154E−01

Ethylene 106 104 − 282.3 < 1% 1.8844E+07 3.6485E−01
Ethane 106 90.4 − 305.3 < 1% 2.1091E+07 6.0646E−01 −5.5492E−01 3.2799E−01
Propane 106 85.5 − 369.8 < 3% 2.9209E+07 7.8237E−01 −7.7319E−01 3.9246E−01
Isobutane 106 113.5 − 407.8 < 3% 3.188E+07 3.9006E−01
n-Butane 106 134.9 − 425.1 < 3% 3.6238E+07 8.337E−01 −8.2274E−01 3.9613E−01
Isopentane 106 113.2 − 460.4 < 3% 3.7593E+07 3.9173E−01
n-Pentane 106 143.4 − 469.7 < 3% 3.9109E+07 3.8681E−01
Benzene 106 278.7 − 562 < 1% 4.5346E+07 3.9053E−01
n-Hexane 106 177.8 − 507.6 < 3% 4.4544E+07 3.9002E−01
n-Heptane 106 182.6 − 540.2 < 3% 5.0014E+07 3.8795E−01
Ammonia 106 195.4 − 405.6 < 1% 3.1523E+07 3.914E−01 −2.289E−01 2.309E−01
Water 106 273.2 − 647.1 < 1% 5.2053E+07 3.199E−01 −2.12E−01 2.5795E−01
Oxygen 106 54.4 − 154.6 < 1% 9.008E+06 4.542E−01 −4.096E−01 3.183E−01
Nitrogen 106 63.2 − 126.2 < 1% 7.4905E+06 4.0406E−01 −3.17E−01 2.7343E−01
Hydrogen 106 14 − 33.2 < 3% 1.0127E+06 6.98E−01 −1.817E+00 1.447E+00
Hydrogen sulfide 106 187.7 − 373.5 < 3% 2.5676E+07 3.7358E−01
Carbon monoxide 106 68.1 − 132.5 < 1% 8.585E+06 4.921E−01 −3.26E−01 2.231E−01
Carbon dioxide 106 216.6 − 304.2 < 1% 2.173E+07 3.82E−01 −4.339E−01 4.2213E−01
Helium 106 2.2 − 5.2 < 10% 1.2504E+05 1.3038E+00 −2.6954E+00 1.7098E+00
Methanol 106 175.5 − 512.5 < 3% 5.0451E+07 3.3594E−01
Ethylene glycol 106 260.2 − 720 < 3% 8.3518E+07 4.2625E−01
Diethylene glycol 106 262.7 − 744.6 < 10% 1.0829E+08 5.4022E−01
Triethylene Glycol 106 266 − 769.5 < 10% 1.2127E+08 5.8261E−01
365
TABLE B.5
Liquid Heat Capacity (Computed value has units of J/kmol-K)
Methane 114 90.7 − 190 < 1% 6.5708E+01 3.8883E+04 −2.5795E+02 6.1407E+02

Ethylene 100 104 − 252.7 < 3% 2.4739E+05 −4.428E+03 4.0936E+01 −1.697E−01 2.6816E−04
Ethane 114 92 − 290 < 1% 4.4009E+01 8.9718E+04 9.1877E+02 −1.886E+03
Propane 114 85.5 − 360 < 1% 6.2983E+01 1.1363E+05 6.3321E+02 −8.7346E+02
Isobutane 100 113.5 − 380 < 3% 1.7237E+05 −1.7839E+03 1.4759E+01 −4.7909E−02 5.805E−05
n-Butane 100 134.9 − 400 < 1% 1.9103E+05 −1.675E+03 1.25E+01 −3.874E−02 4.6121E−05
Isopentane 100 113.2 − 310 < 3% 1.083E+05 1.46E+02 −2.92E−01 1.51E−03
n-Pentane 100 143.4 − 390 < 1% 1.5908E+05 −2.705E+02 9.9537E−01
Benzene 100 278.7 − 353.2 < 3% 1.2944E+05 −1.695E+02 6.4781E−01
n-Hexane 100 177.8 − 460 < 1% 1.7212E+05 −1.8378E+02 8.8734E−01

n-Heptane 114 182.6 − 520 < 1% 6.126E+01 3.1441E+05 1.8246E+03 −2.5479E+03
Ammonia 114 203.2 − 401.2 < 3% 6.1289E+01 8.0925E+04 7.994E+02 −2.651E+03
Water 100 273.2 − 533.2 < 1% 2.7637E+05 −2.0901E+03 8.125E+00 −1.4116E−02 9.3701E−06
Oxygen 100 54.4 − 142 < 3% 1.7543E+05 −6.1523E+03 1.1392E+02 −9.2382E−01 2.7963E−03
Nitrogen 100 63.2 − 112 < 3% 2.8197E+05 −1.2281E+04 2.48E+02 −2.2182E+00 7.4902E−03
Hydrogen 114 14 − 32 < 5% 6.6653E+01 6.7659E+03 −1.2363E+02 4.7827E+02
Hydrogen sulfide 114 187.7 − 370 < 3% 6.4666E+01 4.9354E+04 2.2493E+01 −1.623E+03
Carbon monoxide 114 68.2 − 132 < 3% 6.5429E+01 2.8723E+04 −8.4739E+02 1.9596E+03
Carbon dioxide 100 220 − 290 < 3% −8.3043E+06 1.0437E+05 −4.3333E+02 6.0052E−01
Helium 100 2.2 − 4.6 < 5% 3.8722E+05 −4.6557E+05 2.118E+05 −4.2494E+04 3.2129E+03
Methanol 100 175.5 − 400 < 1% 1.058E+05 −3.6223E+02 9.379E−01
Ethylene glycol 100 260.2 − 493.2 < 1% 3.554E+04 4.3678E+02 −1.8486E−01
Diethylene glycol 100 262.7 − 451.2 < 3% 1.2541E+05 4.0058E+02
Triethylene Glycol 100 265.8 − 441 < 3% 1.538E+05 5.87E+02
366

Appendix B
TABLE B.6
Ideal Gas Heat Capacity (Computed value has units of J/kmol-k)
Methane 107 50 − 1500 < 1% 3.3298E+04 7.9933E+04 2.0869E+03 4.1602E+04 9.9196E+02

Ethylene 107 60 − 1500 < 1% 3.338E+04 9.479E+04 1.596E+03 5.51E+04 7.408E+02
Ethane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 4.0326E+04 1.3422E+05 1.6555E+03 7.3223E+04 7.5287E+02
Propane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 5.192E+04 1.9245E+05 1.6265E+03 1.168E+05 7.236E+02
Isobutane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 6.549E+04 2.4776E+05 1.587E+03 1.575E+05 7.0699E+02
n-Butane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 7.134E+04 2.43E+05 1.63E+03 1.5033E+05 7.3042E+02
Isopentane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 7.46E+04 3.265E+05 1.545E+03 1.923E+05 6.667E+02
n-Pentane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 8.805E+04 3.011E+05 1.6502E+03 1.892E+05 7.476E+02
Benzene 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 4.4767E+04 2.3085E+05 1.4792E+03 1.6836E+05 6.7766E+02
n-Hexane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 1.044E+05 3.523E+05 1.6946E+03 2.369E+05 7.616E+02
n-Heptane 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 1.2015E+05 4.001E+05 1.6766E+03 2.74E+05 7.564E+02
Ammonia 107 100 − 1500 < 1% 3.3427E+04 4.898E+04 2.036E+03 2.256E+04 8.82E+02
Water 107 100 − 2273.2 < 1% 3.3363E+04 2.679E+04 2.6105E+03 8.896E+03 1.169E+03
Oxygen 107 50 − 1500 < 1% 2.9103E+04 1.004E+04 2.5265E+03 9.356E+03 1.1538E+03
Nitrogen 107 50 − 1500 < 1% 2.9105E+04 8.6149E+03 1.7016E+03 1.0347E+02 9.0979E+02
Hydrogen 107 250 − 1500 < 1% 2.7617E+04 9.56E+03 2.466E+03 3.76E+03 5.676E+02
Hydrogen sulfide 107 100 − 1500 < 1% 3.3288E+04 2.6086E+04 9.134E+02 −1.7979E+04 9.494E+02
Carbon monoxide 107 60 − 1500 < 1% 2.9108E+04 8.773E+03 3.0851E+03 8.4553E+03 1.5382E+03
Carbon dioxide 107 50 − 5000 < 1% 2.937E+04 3.454E+04 1.428E+03 2.64E+04 5.88E+02
Helium 100 100 − 1500 < 1% 2.0786E+04
Methanol 107 200 − 1500 < 1% 3.9252E+04 8.79E+04 1.9165E+03 5.3654E+04 8.967E+02
Ethylene glycol 107 300 − 1500 < 3% 6.3012E+04 1.4584E+05 1.673E+03 9.7296E+04 7.7365E+02
Diethylene glycol 107 200 − 1500 < 10% 8.79E+04 2.713E+05 1.3963E+03 1.7035E+05 6.2404E+02
Triethylene Glycol 107 300 − 1500 < 25% 9.04E+04 4.202E+05 1.2628E+03 2.7705E+05 5.311E+02
367
TABLE B.7
Liquid Viscosity (Computed value has units of Pa-s)
Methane 101 90.7 − 188 < 3% −6.1572E+00 1.7815E+02 −9.5239E−01 −9.0606E−24 10

Ethylene 101 104 − 250 < 5% 1.8878E+00 7.8865E+01 −2.1554E+00
Ethane 101 90.4 − 300 < 3% −7.0046E+00 2.7638E+02 −6.087E−01 −3.1108E−18 7
Propane 101 85.5 − 360 < 5% −1.7156E+01 6.4625E+02 1.1101E+00 −7.3439E−11 4
Isobutane 101 110 − 311 < 5% −1.3912E+01 7.9709E+02 4.5308E−01
n-Butane 101 134.9 − 420 < 3% −7.2471E+00 5.3482E+02 −5.7469E−01 −4.6625E−27 10
Isopentane 101 150 − 310 < 1% −1.2596E+01 8.8911E+02 2.0469E−01
n-Pentane 101 143.4 − 465.2 < 3% −5.3509E+01 1.8366E+03 7.1409E+00 −1.9627E−05 2
Benzene 101 278.7 − 545 < 3% 7.5117E+00 2.9468E+02 −2.794E+00
n-Hexane 101 174.6 − 406.1 < 3% −6.3276E+00 6.4E+02 −6.94E−01 5.6884E+21 −10

n-Heptane 101 180.2 − 432.2 < 3% −9.4622E+00 8.7707E+02 −2.3445E−01 1.4022E+22 −10
Ammonia 101 195.4 − 393.2 < 5% −6.743E+00 5.983E+02 −7.341E−01 −3.69E−27 10
Water 101 273.2 − 646.2 < 3% −5.2843E+01 3.7036E+03 5.866E+00 −5.879E−29 10
Oxygen 101 54.4 − 150 < 25% −4.1476E+00 9.404E+01 −1.207E+00
Nitrogen 101 63.2 − 124 < 5% 1.6004E+01 −1.8161E+02 −5.1551E+00
Hydrogen 101 14 − 33 < 5% −1.1661E+01 2.47E+01 −2.61E−01 −4.1E−16 10
Hydrogen sulfide 101 187.7 − 350 < 5% −1.0905E+01 7.6211E+02 −1.1863E−01
Carbon monoxide 101 68.2 − 131.4 < 5% −4.9735E+00 9.767E+01 −1.1088E+00
Carbon dioxide 101 216.6 − 303.2 < 10% 1.8775E+01 −4.0292E+02 −4.6854E+00 −6.9171E−26 10
Helium 101 2.2 − 5.1 < 10% −9.6312E+00 −3.841E+00 −1.458E+00 −1.065E−08 10
Methanol 101 175.5 − 337.8 < 5% −2.5317E+01 1.7892E+03 2.069E+00
Ethylene glycol 101 260.2 − 576 < 5% −2.0515E+01 2.4685E+03 1.2435E+00 2.4998E+12 −5
Diethylene glycol 101 262.7 − 595.7 < 10% 1.3011E+01 2.6481E+02 −3.4184E+00 4.843E+12 −5
Triethylene Glycol 101 266 − 615.6 < 10% −2.7963E+01 3.225E+03 2.2792E+00 1.8277E+17 −7
368

Appendix B 369
TABLE B.8
Vapor Viscosity at Low Pressure (Computed value has units of Pa-s)
Temperature
Equation Range
Compound Number (K) Quality A B C D
Methane 102 90.7 − 1000 < 3% 5.2546E−07 5.9006E−01 1.0567E+02

Ethylene 102 169.4 − 1000 < 5% 2.0789E−06 4.163E−01 3.527E+02
Ethane 102 90.4 − 1000 < 5% 2.5906E−07 6.7988E−01 9.8902E+01
Propane 102 85.5 − 1000 < 3% 4.9054E−08 9.0125E−01
Isobutane 102 150 − 1000 < 5% 1.0871E−07 7.8135E−01 7.0639E+01
n-Butane 102 134.9 − 1000 < 3% 3.4387E−08 9.4604E−01
Isopentane 102 150 − 1000 < 5% 2.4344E−08 9.7376E−01 −9.1597E+01 1.872E+04
n-Pentane 102 143.4 − 1000 < 5% 6.3412E−08 8.4758E−01 4.1718E+01
Benzene 102 278.7 − 1000 < 3% 3.134E−08 9.676E−01 7.9E+00
n-Hexane 102 177.8 − 1000 < 5% 1.7514E−07 7.0737E−01 1.5714E+02
n-Heptane 102 182.6 − 1000 < 5% 6.672E−08 8.2837E−01 8.5752E+01
Ammonia 102 195.4 − 1000 < 10% 4.1855E−08 9.806E−01 3.08E+01
Water 102 273.2 − 1073.2 < 1% 1.7096E−08 1.1146E+00
Oxygen 102 54.4 − 1500 < 5% 1.101E−06 5.634E−01 9.63E+01
Nitrogen 102 63.2 − 1970 < 3% 6.5592E−07 6.081E−01 5.4714E+01
Hydrogen 102 14 − 3000 < 10% 1.797E−07 6.85E−01 −5.9E−01 1.4E+02
Hydrogen 102 250 − 480 < 3% 3.9314E−08 1.0134E+00
sulfide
Carbon- 102 68.2 − 1250 < 5% 1.1127E−06 5.338E−01 9.47E+01
monoxide
Carbon- 102 194.7 − 1500 < 5% 2.148E−06 4.6E−01 2.9E+02
dioxide
Helium 102 20 − 2000 < 3% 3.253E−07 7.162E−01 −9.6E+001.07E+02
Methanol 102 240 − 1000 < 10% 3.0663E−07 6.9655E−01 2.05E+02
Ethylene- 102 260.2 − 1000 < 10% 8.6706E−08 8.3923E−01 7.5512E+01
glycol
Diethylene- 102 262.7 − 1000 < 10% 6.7384E−08 8.489E−01 7.1139E+01
glycol
Triethylene- 102 266 − 1000 < 10% 5.4291E−08 8.6024E−01 6.592E+01
Glycol
Copyright 2005 by the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers
(AIChE), and reproduced by permission of AIChE.

TABLE B.9
Liquid Thermal Conductivity (Computed value has units of W/m-K)
Methane 100 90.7 − 180 < 5% 4.1768E−01 −2.4528E−03 3.5588E−06

Ethylene 100 104 − 280 < 5% 4.194E−01 −1.591E−03 1.306E−06
Ethane 100 90.4 − 300 < 3% 3.5758E−01 −1.1458E−03 6.1866E−07
Propane 100 85.5 − 350 < 3% 2.6755E−01 −6.6457E−04 2.774E−07
Isobutane 100 113.5 − 400 < 10% 2.0455E−01 −3.6589E−04
n-Butane 100 134.9 − 400 < 5% 2.7349E−01 −7.1267E−04 5.1555E−07
Isopentane 100 113.2 − 368.1 < 10% 2.1246E−01 −3.3581E−04
n-Pentane 100 143.4 − 445 < 5% 2.537E−01 −5.76E−04 3.44E−07
Benzene 100 278.7 − 413.1 < 3% 2.3444E−01 −3.0572E−04
n-Hexane 100 177.8 − 370 < 3% 2.2492E−01 −3.533E−04

n-Heptane 100 182.6 − 371.6 < 3% 2.15E−01 −3.03E−04
Ammonia 100 195.4 − 400 < 10% 1.169E+00 −2.314E−03
Water 100 273.2 − 633.2 < 1% −4.32E−01 5.7255E−03 −8.078E−06 1.861E−09
Oxygen 100 60 − 150 < 5% 2.741E−01 −1.38E−03
Nitrogen 100 63.2 − 124 < 3% 2.654E−01 −1.677E−03
Hydrogen 100 14 − 31 < 10% −9.17E−02 1.7678E−02 −3.82E−04 −3.3324E−06 1.0266E−07
Hydrogen sulfide 100 193.2 − 292.4 < 5% 4.842E−01 −1.184E−03
Carbon monoxide 100 68.2 − 125 < 3% 2.855E−01 −1.784E−03
Carbon dioxide 100 216.6 − 300 < 3% 4.406E−01 −1.2175E−03
Helium 100 2.2 − 4.8 < 3% −1.3833E−02 2.2913E−02 −5.4872E−03 4.585E−04
Methanol 100 175.5 − 337.8 < 3% 2.837E−01 −2.81E−04
Ethylene glycol 100 260.2 − 470.4 < 5% 8.8067E−02 9.4712E−04 −1.3114E−06
Diethylene glycol 100 262.7 − 518 < 5% 6.4277E−02 7.8259E−04 −1.0562E−06
Triethylene Glycol 100 266 − 561.5 < 5% 1.0753E−01 5.0392E−04 −7.2763E−07
370

Appendix B
TABLE B.10
Vapor Thermal Conductivity at Low Pressure (Computed value has units of W/m-K)
Compound Equation Number Temperature Range (K) Quality A B C D
Methane 102 111.6 − 600 < 5% 8.3983E−06 1.4268E+00 −4.9654E+01

Ethylene 102 170 − 590.9 < 5% 8.6806E−06 1.4559E+00 2.9972E+02 −2.9403E+04
Ethane 102 184.6 − 1000 < 5% 7.3869E−05 1.1689E+00 5.0073E+02
Propane 102 231.1 − 1000 < 5% −1.12E+00 1.0972E−01 −9.8346E+03 −7.5358E+06
Isobutane 102 261.4 − 1000 < 10% 8.9772E−02 1.8501E−01 6.3923E+02 1.1147E+06
n-Butane 102 272.6 − 1000 < 5% 5.1094E−02 4.5253E−01 5.4555E+03 1.9798E+06
Isopentane 102 273.2 − 1000 < 5% 8.968E−04 7.742E−01 4.56E+02 2.3064E+05
n-Pentane 102 273.2 − 1000 < 5% −6.844E+02 7.64E−01 −1.055E+09
Benzene 102 339.2 − 1000 < 5% 1.652E−05 1.3117E+00 4.91E+02
n-Hexane 102 339.1 − 1000 < 5% −6.505E+02 8.053E−01 −1.4121E+09
n-Heptane 102 339.2 − 1000 < 5% −7.0028E−02 3.8068E−01 −7.0499E+03 −2.4005E+06
Ammonia 102 200 − 900 < 5% 9.6608E−06 1.3799E+00
Water 102 273.2 − 1073.2 < 1% 6.2041E−06 1.3973E+00
Oxygen 102 80 − 2000 < 10% 4.4994E−04 7.456E−01 5.6699E+01
Nitrogen 102 63.2 − 2000 < 3% 3.3143E−04 7.722E−01 1.6323E+01 3.7372E+02
Hydrogen 102 22 − 1600 < 5% 2.653E−03 7.452E−01 1.2E+01
Hydrogen sulfide 102 212.8 − 600 < 3% 1.381E−07 1.8379E+00 −3.5209E+02 4.6041E+04
Carbon monoxide 102 70 − 1500 < 5% 5.9882E−04 6.863E−01 5.713E+01 5.0192E+02
Carbon dioxide 102 194.7 − 1500 < 10% 3.69E+00 −3.838E−01 9.64E+02 1.86E+06
Helium 102 30 − 2000 < 5% 2.26E−03 7.305E−01 −1.863E+01 4.4E+02
Methanol 102 273 − 684.4 < 5% 5.7992E−07 1.7862E+00
Ethylene glycol 102 470.4 − 1000 < 10% −8.1458E+06 −3.0502E−01 1.8325E+09 −1.1842E+13
Diethylene glycol 102 518 − 1000 < 10% 2.0395E+03 9.0063E−01 1.2238E+10
Triethylene Glycol 102 269.3 − 1000 < 25% 1.8738E−05 1.238E+00 4.7673E+02
371
TABLE B.11
Surface Tension (Computed value has units of N/m)
Compound EquationNumber Temperature Range (K) Quality A B C D
Methane 106 90.7 – 190.6 < 3% 3.6557E−02 1.1466E+00

Ethylene 106 104 – 282.3 < 3% 5.294E−02 1.278E+00
Ethane 106 90.4 – 305.3 < 3% 4.8643E−02 1.1981E+00
Propane 106 85.5 – 369.8 < 3% 5.092E−02 1.2197E+00
Isobutane 106 113.5 – 407.8 < 3% 5.1359E−02 1.2532E+00
n-Butane 106 134.9 – 425.1 < 3% 5.196E−02 1.2181E+00
Isopentane 106 113.2 – 460.4 < 3% 5.0876E−02 1.2066E+00
n-Pentane 106 143.4 – 469.7 < 3% 5.202E−02 1.2041E+00
Benzene 106 278.7 – 562 < 3% 7.1815E−02 1.2362E+00
n-Hexane 106 177.8 – 507.6 < 3% 5.5003E−02 1.2674E+00
n-Heptane 106 182.6 – 540.2 < 3% 5.4143E−02 1.2512E+00

Ammonia 106 195.4 – 405.6 < 3% 1.0162E−01 1.216E+00
Water 106 273.2 – 647.1 < 1% 1.8548E−01 2.717E+00 −3.554E+00 2.047E+00
Oxygen 106 54.4 – 154.6 < 3% 3.8066E−02 1.2136E+00
Nitrogen 106 63.2 – 126.2 < 3% 2.901E−02 1.2485E+00
Hydrogen 106 14 – 33.2 < 1% 5.345E−03 1.0646E+00
Hydrogen sulfide 106 187.7 – 373.5 < 5% 7.4256E−02 1.2997E+00
Carbon monoxide 106 68.2 – 132.9 < 3% 2.7959E−02 1.133E+00
Carbon dioxide 106 216.6 – 304.2 < 10% 8.071E−02 1.2662E+00
Helium 106 2.2 – 5.2 < 5% 5.1136E−04 1.003E+00
Methanol 100 273.1 – 503.2 < 1% 3.513E−02 −7.04E−06 −1.216E−07
Ethylene glycol 100 260.2 – 470.4 < 1% 7.4516E−02 −8.9E−05 −3.9465E−17
Diethylene glycol 100 293.2 – 518.2 < 1% 6.761E−02 −4.62E−05 −6.46E−08
Triethylene Glycol 100 293.2 – 548.2 < 1% 6.7901E−02 −6.9536E−05 −2.4419E−08
Copyright 2005 by the Design Institute for Physical Properties (DIPPR), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), and reproduced
by permission of AIChE.
372

Appendix B 373
TABLE B.12
Equations Noted in Tables B.2 to B.11
Equation Number Empirical Equation
100 Y  A  BT  CT2  DT3  ET4 Y

101  Exp[A  B/T  CLn T  DTE]
102
AT B
Y 
1 C  D
T T2
105
A
Y  T D
1 (1−
C
)
B
106
 B  CTr  DTr2  ETr3 
Y  A[1 T ] , where Tr  T/Tc
r
107
2 2
C E
Y  A  B T D
T
C E
sinh cosh
T T
114
A2  B − 2ACt − ADt C 2 t 3 CDt 4 D 2 t5 , where t 
2
Y  − − − (1−Tr)
116 t 3 2 5
, where t 
Y  A  Bt 0.35  ct 2 / 3  dt  et4 /3 (1−Tr)
374
TABLE B.13
Molar Ideal Gas Heat Capacities for Various Gases (Btu/(lb-mol- R))
Temperature (F)
Gas Formula Mass 0 50 60 100 150 200 250 300
Methane CH4 16.04 8.21 8.40 8.44 8.64 8.94 9.27 9.63 10.01
Ethylene C2 H 4 28.05 9.32 9.91 10.04 10.56 11.23 11.90 12.57 13.22
Ethane C2 H 6 30.07 11.31 12.07 12.23 12.90 13.77 14.64 15.50 16.35
Propane C3 H 8 44.10 15.50 16.81 17.08 18.19 19.59 20.98 22.32 23.61
CH 58.12 20.19 22.02 22.40 23.94 25.87 27.75 29.56 31.28
Isobutane 4 10
CH 58.12 20.89 22.55 22.89 24.31 26.11 27.88 29.61 31.26
n-Butane 4 10
CH 72.15 24.57 27.00 27.50 29.47 31.89 34.21 36.41 38.50
Isopentane 5 12
CH 72.15 25.47 27.46 27.89 29.62 31.84 34.05 36.21 38.30
n-Pentane 5 12
Fundamentals of Natural Gas

Benzene C6 H 6 78.11 16.32 18.43 18.86 20.59 22.73 24.79 26.74 28.59
CH 86.18 30.10 32.49 33.00 35.10 37.79 40.47 43.10 45.62
n-Hexane 6 14
CH 100.21 34.84 37.64 38.24 40.69 43.83 46.96 50.00 52.93
n-Heptane 7 16
Ammonia NH3 17.03 8.24 8.40 8.43 8.58 8.79 9.00 9.23 9.45
Air 28.96 6.94 6.95 6.95 6.96 6.97 6.99 7.01 7.03
Water H 2O 18.02 7.99 8.01 8.01 8.03 8.07 8.12 8.17 8.23
Oxygen O2 32.00 6.97 6.99 7.00 7.02 7.07 7.11 7.17 7.23
N 28.01 6.95 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.97 6.98 7.00
Nitrogen 2
H 2.02 6.80 6.85 6.86 6.89 6.93 6.95 6.97 6.99
Hydrogen 2
Hydrogen sulfide H 2S 34.08 8.06 8.13 8.14 8.20 8.29 8.38 8.48 8.59
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 6.95 6.96 6.96 6.96 6.97 6.98 7.00 7.03
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 8.34 8.71 8.78 9.05 9.36 9.65 9.90 10.13
Methanol CH3OH 32.04 9.94 10.29 10.37 10.71 11.19 11.71 12.24 12.78
Pure fluid values computed by application of coefficients given in Table B.6. Values for air taken from Engineering Data Book (2004b).
Processing
Appendix B
TABLE B.14
Molar Ideal Gas Heat Capacities for Various Gases [kJ/(kmol-K)]
Temperature ( C)
Gas Formula Mass -25 0 10 25 50 75 100 125 150
Methane CH4 16.043 34.20 34.84 35.15 35.68 36.70 37.87 39.15 40.53 41.96
Ethylene C2 H 4 28.054 38.41 40.57 41.50 42.95 45.44 47.97 50.50 53.00 55.43
Ethane C2 H 6 30.07 46.58 49.34 50.53 52.39 55.60 58.88 62.16 65.40 68.58
Propane C3 H 8 44.097 63.57 68.34 70.36 73.47 78.75 84.02 89.20 94.21 99.04
CH 58.124 82.63 89.36 92.18 96.51 103.79 111.00 118.02 124.77 131.25
Isobutane 4 10
CH 58.124 85.80 91.83 94.39 98.35 105.08 111.84 118.49 124.94 131.17
n-Butane 4 10
CH 72.151 100.31 109.35 113.06 118.65 127.89 136.86 145.47 153.68 161.51
Isopentane 5 12
CH 72.151 104.66 111.88 114.98 119.80 128.07 136.45 144.74 152.84 160.69
n-Pentane 5 12
Benzene C6 H 6 78.114 66.13 73.92 77.14 82.03 90.17 98.12 105.78 113.07 119.99
CH 86.178 123.66 132.30 136.04 141.84 151.87 162.04 172.12 181.94 191.41
n-Hexane 6 14
CH 100.205 143.07 153.23 157.61 164.41 176.12 187.97 199.69 211.09 222.08
n-Heptane 7 16
Ammonia NH3 17.031 34.36 34.90 35.15 35.55 36.29 37.09 37.92 38.76 39.61
Air 28.964 29.11 29.12 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.17 29.20 29.25 29.31
Water H 2O 18.015 33.43 33.49 33.52 33.58 33.70 33.85 34.03 34.23 34.45
Oxygen O2 31.999 29.18 29.25 29.28 29.35 29.48 29.65 29.84 30.06 30.29
N 28.013 29.11 29.12 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.17 29.20 29.25 29.31
Nitrogen 2
H 2.016 28.41 28.60 28.68 28.78 28.92 29.04 29.13 29.20 29.25
Hydrogen 2
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 34.076 33.69 33.92 34.02 34.19 34.50 34.84 35.20 35.58 35.97
Carbon monoxide CO 28.01 29.11 29.12 29.13 29.14 29.16 29.20 29.26 29.33 29.42
Carbon dioxide CO2 44.01 34.51 35.91 36.45 37.24 38.48 39.62 40.65 41.58 42.44
Methanol CH3OH 32.04 41.29 42.51 43.08 44.01 45.72 47.58 49.55 51.57 53.61
Pure fluid values computed using coefficients given in Table B.6. Values for air taken from Engineering Data Book (2004b).
375
B.3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANOLAMINES

AND ALKANOLAMINE-WATER SYSTEMS
TABLE B.15
Selected Physical Properties of Alkanolamines
Compound MEAa DEAa TEAa MDEAb
Molecular weight 61.08 15.14 149.19 119.16
Specific gravity at 20/20°C 1.017 1.092 1.126 1.041
∆Sp. Gr./∆t (°C−1) 0.00080 0.00065 0.00059 0.00076
Boiling point, °C at 760 mm Hg 170.4 268 335 247.3
At 50 mm Hg, °C 101 182 245 163.5
At 10 mm Hg, °C 71 150 205 128.6
Vapor pressure at 20°C, mm Hg <1 <0.01 <0.001 <0.01
Freezing point, °C (°F), (pour point) 10.5 (50.9) 28.0 (82.4) 21.6 (70.9) −21 (−6)
Viscosity, cP
At 20°C 24.1 921 101
At 40°C 33.8
Heat of combustion, Btu/lb (cal/g) −12,200
at 25°C (−6780)
Flash point, Tag closed cup 96 (205) 191 (375) 208 (407) 138 (280)c
(ASTM D56), °C (°F)
a
Dow Chemical (2003b). Ethanolamine brochure
b
Dow Chemical (2003a).
c
Pensky-Martens Closed Cup (ASTM D93).
9.0
Freezing point curve
0F
8.8
30F
60F
8.6
90F
Density, lb/gal
120F
8.4
150F
180F
8.2
210F
8.0
7.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
MEA concentration, Wt%
FIGURE B.1 Densities of monoethanolamine (MEA) – water mixtures as a function of

composition and temperature. (Adapted from Dow Chemical, 2003b.)

Appendix B 377
9.4
−20°F
9.2
0°F 30°F
60°F
9.0 90°F
120°F
150°F
8.8
Density, lb/gal
180°F
210°F
8.6
240°F
8.4
Boiling point
8.2
8.0
0 20 40 60 80 100
DEA concentration, Wt%
FIGURE B.2 Densities of diethanolamine (DEA) – water mixtures as a function of com-

position and temperature. (Adapted from Dow Chemical, 2003b.)
9.6
9.4
0°F 30°F
9.2 60°F
90°F
120°F
9.0 150°F
180°F
210°F
8.8
Density, lb/gal
240°F
8.6
Boiling point
8.4
8.2
8.0
7.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
TEA concentration, Wt%
FIGURE B.3 Densities of triethanolamine (TEA) – water mixtures as a function of com-

position and temperature. (Adapted from Dow Chemical, 2003b.)
Temperature, F
32 68 104 140 176 212 248 284
8.8 1.054
8.7 1.042
8.6 1.031
Density, gm/cm3
Density, lb/gal
8.5 1.019
8.4 1.007
8.3 0.995
8.2 0.983
8.1 100 Wt% 0.971
50 Wt%
8.0 MDEA 40 Wt% 0.959

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature, C
FIGURE B.4 Densities of methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) – water mixtures as a function of

composition and temperature. (Adapted through the courtesy of INEOS Oxide).
Temperature, F
40 80 120 160 180 240
1.1
Wt% MEA
0
1.0
Heat capacity, Btu/lb-F
0.9 25
50
0.8
75
0.7
100
0.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, C
FIGURE B.5 Heat capacities of monoethanolamine (MEA) – water mixtures as a

function of composition and temperature. (Adapted from Dow Chemical, 2003b.)
Appendix B 379
Temperature, F
40 80 120 160 180 240
1.1
Wt% DEA
0
1.0
0.9 25
0.8 50
0.7
75
100
0.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, C
FIGURE B.6 Heat capacities of diethanolamine (DEA) – water mixtures as a function of

Temperature, F
40 80 120 160 180 240
1.1
Wt% TEA
1.0 0
0.9
25
0.8 50
0.7
75
0.6 100
0.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Temperature, C
FIGURE B.7 Heat capacities of triethanolamine (TEA) – water mixtures as a function of

Temperature, F
32 68 104 140 176 212 248 284
1.1
1.0 Wt% MDEA
Speci cfi heat, Btu/lb -F
0.9 40
50
0.8
0.7
0.6 100
0.5
0.4
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature, C
FIGURE B.8 Heat capacities of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) – water mixtures as a

function of composition and temperature. (Adapted through the courtesy of INEOS Oxide).
100
60
40
30C (86F)
20
10 50C (122F)
Viscosity, cP
6
75C (167F)
4
2
100C (212F)
1
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
MEA concentration, Wt%
FIGURE B.9 Viscosities of monoethanolamine (MEA) – water mixtures as a function of


Appendix B 381
1000
600
400
200
100 30C (86 F)
60
40 50C (122F)
Viscosity, cP
20
10 75C (167F)
6
4
2 100C (212F)
1
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
DEA concentration, Wt%
FIGURE B.10 Viscosities of diethanolamine (DEA) – water mixtures as a function of

composition and temperature. (Adapted from Dow Chemical, 2003b.) Reference implies
that DEA and TEA viscosities are sufficiently close that this figure can be used to estimate
the viscosity of TEA−water mixtures.
Temperature, F
32 68 104 140 176 212 248
80
Wt% MDEA
70
100
60
50
Viscosity, cP
40
30
20
10 50
40
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, C
FIGURE B.11 Viscosities of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) – water mixtures as a func-tion

of composition and temperature. (Adapted through the courtesy of INEOS Oxide).
B.3.4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCOLS AND GLYCOL-

WATER SYSTEMS
TABLE B.16
Selected Properties of Glycols Used for Dehydration
Ethylene Diethylene Triethylene Tetraethylene
Glycola Glycolb Glycolc Glycold
Molar mass, lb/lb-mol, kg/kg-mol 62.07 106.12 150.17 194.23
Normal boiling point, °F (°C) 386.8 473.5 (245.3) 550.4 (288.0) 625.5 (329.7)
(197.1) (decomposes)
Vapor pressure at 20°C, psia (kPa) 0.00012 (0.0075) 4×10−5 < 1×10−5 < 1×10−5
(0.0003) (<0.001) (<0.001)
Specific gravity (20/20°C) 1.1153 1.1182 1.1255 1.1247
∆ Specific gravity/∆T (10 to 40°C), 0.00039 (0.00070) 0.00040 0.00043 0.00044
°F−1 (°C−1) (0.00073) (0.00078) (0.00080)
Viscosity at 20°C, cP (mPs) ~25 35.7 (35.7) 49.0 (49.0) 58.3 (58.3)
(~25)
Critical pressure,psia (bar) 1190 (82) 668 (46.05) 480 (33.1) 375 (25.9)
Critical specific volume, ft3/lb-mol 3.06 (0.191) 5.00 (0.312) 7.10 (0.443) 9.03 (0.564)
(m3/kmol)
Critical temperature, °F (°C) 836.33 (446.85) 764.33 824(440) 971.6 (522)
(406.85)
Onset of initial decomposition, 464 (240) 464 (240) 464 (240) 464 (240)
°F (°C)
Autoignition temperature, °F (°C) 801 (427) 687(364) 660 (349) 676 (358)
Flammable limits in air, lower, 2.0 0.9
vol%
Flammable limits in air, upper, 12.3 9.2
vol%
a
MEGlobal (2005b).
b
MEGlobal (2005a).
c
Dow Chemical (2003d).
d
Dow Chemical (2003c).

Appendix B 383
TABLE B.17
Selected Solubility for Compounds in Glycols at 25 C (g
solute/100 ml of glycol)
Solute Glycola Glycolb Glycolc Glycold
Heptane Slightly Soluble 0.03 Slightly Soluble Slightly Soluble

Benzene 6.0 45.5 Completely miscible Completely
miscible
Toluene 3.1 20.7 33 89
a
MEGlobal (2005b).
b
MEGlobal (2005a).
c
d
The following solutes are reported to be completely miscible with all of the
above glycols:
Water, Methanol, Monoethanolamine, Diethanolamine
TABLE B.18
Vapor Pressure Equations for Glycols
Glycola Glycolb Glycolc Glycold
A 8.21211 7.7007954 7.6302007 7.3101

B 2161.91 2019.2548 2156.4581 2076.0
C 208.43 173.66153 165.92442 139.0
Range of 20 to 198 10 to 250 150 to 300 190 to 330
applicability, C
The coefficients are for the equation log10 (P [mm Hg])  A – B/(C  t [C]).
a
MEGlobal (2005b).
b
MEGlobal (2005a).
c
d

1.18
Freezing point curves
1.13 −50°F 0°F 50°F

Apparent specific gravity, t/60F
100°F
1.08 150°F
200°F
250°F
1.03
300°F
350°F
0.98
0.93
0.88 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ethylene glycol, % by weight in water
FIGURE B.12 Specific gravities of ethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of con-

centration and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)
1.20
1.15
−50°F
0°F
Apparent specific gravity, t/60F
1.10 50°F
100°F
1.05 150°F
200°F
1.00 250°F
300°F
0.95
0.900 20 40 60 80 100
Diethylene glycol, percent by weight in water
FIGURE B.13 Specific gravities of diethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of

concentration and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)

Appendix B 385
1.18
Freezing point
1.16
−50°
curves F
1.14
Apparent specific gravity, t/60°F
0°F
1.12
50°F
1.10
100°
F
1.08
150°
F
1.06
200°
1.04 F
1.02 250°F
1.00
300°
F
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Triethylene glycol, percent by weight in water
FIGURE B.14 Specific gravities of triethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of

concentration and temperature. (Courtesy of Dow Chemical.)
1.20
1.18 Freezing point curves
1.16 50°F
Apparent specific gravity, t/60°F
1.14
1.12
1.10 0°F
1.08 50°F
1.06 100°F
1.04 150°F
200°F
1.02
1.00 250°F
0.98 300°F
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Tetraethylene glycol, percent
by weight in water
FIGURE B.15 Specific gravities of tetraethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of

Temperature, °F
−58 −18 22 62 102 142 182 222 262 302
1.1
1.0 Freezing point
0F
20 F
10F

curves 30F
40F
50F
Specific heat, Btu/lb-F
0.9 60F
70F
80F
0.8
90F
100F
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
−50 −30 −10 10 30 50
70 90 110 130 150 Temperature,
°C
FIGURE B.16 Specific heats of ethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of concen-

tration and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)
Temperature, °F
−40 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280
1.1
inwa

ter
30
0
byweight
1.0 10
50
70
Specific heat, Btu/lb-F
0.9
0.8
percent
90
0.7
glyc
ol,
100
Diethylen
0.6
e
0.5
0.4− 50 0 50 100 150

Temperature, °C
FIGURE B.17 Specific heats of diethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of con-

centration and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)
Appendix B 387
FIGURE B.18 Specific heats of triethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of con-

centration and temperature. (Courtesy of Dow Chemical.)
FIGURE B.19 Specific heats of tetraethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of


1000 Freezing
−50°F
point
−40°F
−30°F curve
−20°F
−10°F 10°F
100 0°F
30°F
Viscosity, centipoises (cP)
50°F
10 Freezing point 100°F

curve
150°F
200°F
250°F
1 300°F
350°F
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
FIGURE B.20 Viscosities of ethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of concentra-

tion and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)
1000

0F
(cP)
100
F
Viscosity, centipoises
50
F
100
F
150 F
200
1 F
250F
300
0.1
0 20 40 60 80 100
Diethylene glycol, percent by weight in water
FIGURE B.21 Viscosities of diethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of concen-

tration and temperature. (Courtesy of MEGlobal.)
Appendix B 389
1000 Freezing p oint
600 curves
400 
F
0
200
100
60
40 50

F
20
F
10 100
6
F
4 150
F
2 200
F
1 250
0.6 300F
0.4
0.2
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Triethylene glycol, percent by weight in water
FIGURE B.22 Viscosities of triethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of concen-

tration and temperature. (Courtesy of Dow Chemical.)
10,000
6000
4000
2000
1000 Freezing point curves
600
400
200 
100 0F 50F
60
40
100F
20
10 150F
6
4 200F
2 250F
1 300F
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tetraethylene glycol, percent by weight in water
FIGURE B.23 Viscosities of tetraethylene glycol−water mixtures as a function of con-

centration and temperature. (Courtesy of Dow Chemical.)
B.3.5 PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM
TABLE B.19
Properties of Saturated Steam in Engineering Units
Enthalpy Entropy
(Btu/lb) (Btu/lb- F)
Liquid Vapor
Pressure Density Volume
Temp( F) (psia) (lb/ft3) (ft3/lb) Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Temp ( F)
32.02 0.0887 62.42 3299.6 0.000 1075.900 0.00000 2.18820 32.02
35.00 0.1000 62.42 2945.4 3.006 1077.200 0.00609 2.17770 35.00
40.00 0.122 62.42 2443.3 8.038 1079.400 0.01622 2.16040 40.00
45.00 0.148 62.42 2035.5 13.061 1081.600 0.02622 2.14350 45.00
50.00 0.178 62.41 1702.8 18.078 1083.800 0.03611 2.12710 50.00
55.00 0.214 62.39 1430.2 23.089 1086.000 0.04590 2.11110 55.00
60.00 0.256 62.36 1206.0 28.096 1088.200 0.05558 2.09540 60.00
65.00 0.306 62.33 1020.7 33.100 1090.300 0.06516 2.08020 65.00
70.00 0.363 62.30 867.11 38.101 1092.500 0.07464 2.06530 70.00
75.00 0.430 62.26 739.23 43.100 1094.700 0.08404 2.05080 75.00
80.00 0.507 62.21 632.38 48.097 1096.800 0.09334 2.03660 80.00
85.00 0.597 62.16 542.79 53.093 1099.000 0.10255 2.02280 85.00
90.00 0.699 62.11 467.40 58.088 1101.100 0.11168 2.00930 90.00
95.00 0.816 62.05 403.75 63.084 1103.300 0.12073 1.99610 95.00
100.00 0.951 61.99 349.83 68.078 1105.400 0.12969 1.98320 100.00
110.00 1.277 61.86 264.97 78.069 1109.700 0.14738 1.95830 110.00
120.00 1.695 61.71 202.95 88.062 1114.000 0.16477 1.93460 120.00
130.00 2.226 61.55 157.09 98.059 1118.200 0.18187 1.91180 130.00
140.00 2.893 61.38 122.82 108.060 1122.300 0.19868 1.89010 140.00
150.00 3.723 61.19 96.930 118.070 1126.500 0.21523 1.86930 150.00
160.00 4.747 61.00 77.183 128.080 1130.600 0.23152 1.84930 160.00
170.00 6.000 60.79 61.980 138.110 1134.600 0.24756 1.83020 170.00
180.00 7.520 60.58 50.169 148.140 1138.600 0.26336 1.81180 180.00
190.00 9.350 60.35 40.916 158.190 1142.600 0.27893 1.79420 190.00
200.00 11.538 60.12 33.609 168.240 1146.500 0.29429 1.77720 200.00
210.00 14.136 59.88 27.794 178.310 1150.300 0.30943 1.76090 210.00
212.00 14.709 59.83 26.779 180.330 1151.100 0.31243 1.75770 212.00
220.00 17.201 59.63 23.133 188.400 1154.100 0.32436 1.74510 220.00
230.00 20.795 59.37 19.371 198.510 1157.700 0.33911 1.72990 230.00
240.00 24.986 59.10 16.314 208.630 1161.300 0.35366 1.71530 240.00
250.00 29.844 58.82 13.815 218.780 1164.800 0.36804 1.70110 250.00
260.00 35.447 58.54 11.759 228.950 1168.200 0.38225 1.68740 260.00
270.00 41.878 58.24 10.058 239.140 1171.500 0.39629 1.67410 270.00
280.00 49.222 57.94 8.6431 249.370 1174.700 0.41017 1.66120 280.00
290.00 57.574 57.63 7.4600 259.620 1177.800 0.42391 1.64870 290.00
300.00 67.029 57.31 6.4658 269.910 1180.800 0.43750 1.63650 300.00
310.00 77.691 56.99 5.6263 280.230 1183.600 0.45096 1.62460 310.00
320.00 89.667 56.65 4.9142 290.600 1186.300 0.46428 1.61310 320.00
330.00 103.070 56.31 4.3075 301.000 1188.800 0.47749 1.60180 330.00
340.00 118.020 55.96 3.7884 311.450 1191.300 0.49058 1.59080 340.00
350.00 134.630 55.59 3.3425 321.950 1193.500 0.50355 1.58000 350.00
360.00 153.030 55.23 2.9580 332.500 1195.600 0.51643 1.56940 360.00
370.00 173.360 54.85 2.6252 343.110 1197.500 0.52921 1.55910 370.00

Appendix B 391

Properties of Saturated Steam in Engineering Units
Enthalpy Entropy
(Btu/lb) (Btu/lb- F)
Liquid Vapor
Temp Pressure Density Volume Temp
( F) (psia) (lb/ft3) (ft3/lb) Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor ( F)
380.00 195.740 54.46 2.3361 353.770 1199.300 0.54190 1.54890 380.00
390.00 220.330 54.06 2.0841 364.500 1200.900 0.55450 1.53880 390.00
400.00 247.260 53.65 1.8638 375.300 1202.200 0.56703 1.52890 400.00
410.00 276.680 53.23 1.6706 386.170 1203.400 0.57948 1.51920 410.00
420.00 308.760 52.80 1.5006 397.120 1204.400 0.59187 1.50960 420.00
430.00 343.640 52.36 1.3505 408.150 1205.100 0.60420 1.50000 430.00
440.00 381.480 51.91 1.2177 419.270 1205.600 0.61648 1.49050 440.00
450.00 422.460 51.45 1.0999 430.490 1205.900 0.62872 1.48110 450.00
460.00 466.750 50.97 0.99506 441.810 1205.900 0.64092 1.47180 460.00
470.00 514.520 50.48 0.90154 453.240 1205.700 0.65309 1.46240 470.00
480.00 565.950 49.98 0.81791 464.780 1205.100 0.66524 1.45310 480.00
490.00 621.230 49.46 0.74293 476.460 1204.300 0.67738 1.44380 490.00
500.00 680.550 48.92 0.67555 488.270 1203.100 0.68952 1.43440 500.00
520.00 812.100 47.80 0.56007 512.350 1199.800 0.71384 1.41550 520.00
540.00 962.240 46.59 0.46553 537.140 1194.800 0.73829 1.39620 540.00
560.00 1132.700 45.29 0.38742 562.770 1188.000 0.76299 1.37620 560.00
580.00 1325.500 43.88 0.32227 589.450 1179.000 0.78812 1.35520 580.00
600.00 1542.500 42.32 0.26739 617.420 1167.400 0.81388 1.33290 600.00
620.00 1786.200 40.57 0.22062 647.110 1152.300 0.84062 1.30850 620.00
640.00 2059.200 38.57 0.18017 679.190 1132.600 0.86888 1.28120 640.00
660.00 2364.900 36.15 0.14439 714.960 1106.100 0.89974 1.24910 660.00
680.00 2707.300 32.94 0.11132 757.890 1067.600 0.93611 1.20780 680.00
700.00 3093.000 27.28 0.07480 823.000 991.660 0.99065 1.13610 700.00
705.10 3200.100 20.10 0.04975 896.670 896.670 1.05330 1.05330 705.10
Source: Lemmon (2005).


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Appendix B 355

B.2 GAS CONSTANTS AND STANDARD GAS

B.2.2 STANDARD GAS CONDITIONS

B.3 THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Molar mass 16.042 30.069 44.096 58.122 58.122 72.149 72.149

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

Density of ideal gas

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Net heating value, ideal reaction, fuel as ideal gas

Heat of vaporization at 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar)

Component n-Hexane n-Heptane n-Octane n-Nonane n-Decane Carbon Dioxide

Molar mass 86.175 100.202 114.229 128.255 142.282 44.01

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

Density of Ideal Gas

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Net heating value, ideal reaction, fuel as ideal gas

Heat of vaporization at 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar)

Molar mass 34.082 28.013 31.999 4.0026 28.959 18.0153

Vapor Pressure at 100 °F 395.55 (28.67) 0.95051

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Gross heating value, ideal reaction

Net heating value, ideal reaction, fuel as ideal gas

Heat of vaporization at 14.696 psia (1.01325 bar)

B.3.2 TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Methane 105 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 2.9214E+00 2.8976E−01 1.9056E+02 2.8881E−01

Methane 101 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 3.9205E+01 −1.3244E+03 −3.4366E+00 3.1019E−05 2

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Compound Equation Number Temperature Range(K) Quality A B C D

Methane 106 90.7 − 190.6 < 1% 1.0194E+07 2.6087E−01 −1.4694E−01 2.2154E−01

Methane 114 90.7 − 190 < 1% 6.5708E+01 3.8883E+04 −2.5795E+02 6.1407E+02

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Methane 107 50 − 1500 < 1% 3.3298E+04 7.9933E+04 2.0869E+03 4.1602E+04 9.9196E+02

Methane 101 90.7 − 188 < 3% −6.1572E+00 1.7815E+02 −9.5239E−01 −9.0606E−24 10

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Methane 102 90.7 − 1000 < 3% 5.2546E−07 5.9006E−01 1.0567E+02

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Methane 100 90.7 − 180 < 5% 4.1768E−01 −2.4528E−03 3.5588E−06

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Methane 102 111.6 − 600 < 5% 8.3983E−06 1.4268E+00 −4.9654E+01

Methane 106 90.7 – 190.6 < 3% 3.6557E−02 1.1466E+00

Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

100 Y  A  BT  CT2  DT3  ET4 Y

Fundamentals of Natural Gas

B.3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKANOLAMINES

FIGURE B.1 Densities of monoethanolamine (MEA) – water mixtures as a function of

© 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

FIGURE B.2 Densities of diethanolamine (DEA) – water mixtures as a function of com-

Freezing point curve

FIGURE B.3 Densities of triethanolamine (TEA) – water mixtures as a function of com-

8.0 MDEA 40 Wt% 0.959

FIGURE B.4 Densities of methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) – water mixtures as a function of