PRESENT AND PAST TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Form: I play/He, she it plays Form: to be(am, is, are) + verb- Ing Form: have/has + past participle Form: have/has +been +ing
(o, x, ss, sh, ch + es) (consonant+y= ies) I am playing/ I am not playing/ Am I playing? I have broken the window I have been sleeping
I don´t play/ He doesn´t play -ING: *come: coming I haven´t broken the window I haven´t been sleeping
Do you play? Does he play? *put (CVC): putting Have I broken the window? Have I been sleeping?
Uses: - Habitual actions *cry (c+y): crying Uses: - actions and situations that happened at Use: actions that started in the past and
I usually get up at seven o´clock *die: (ie): dying an unspecified time before the moment of still continues in the present, but the
- Universal truths: Use: actions that are happening at the speaking: process is emphasized.
Wood floats on water moment of speaking I´ve never heard that pop group before She is dirty, she has been painting the
Time expressions: I am studying now - actions that happen in the past and still room
-Frequency Adverbs Time Expressions: happen, or are still true, in the moment of Sometimes, there is very little difference in me
+ Always Today, every week, Now, right now, at the moment speaking : between the present perfect simple and
Usually every month…. Stative vebs: verbs that cannot be used in I´ve played football since I was a child. continuous
Often Once a week, twice a the continuous form: like, hate love, want, Time expressions: I have lived here for two years
Sometimes day, three times a wish, prefer, believe, doubt, imagine, know, For(+ period of time), since(+ time when it I have been living here for two years
Rarely year… understand, mean, remember, forget, need, started), just, already, yet(with negatives and But sometimes there is a big difference:
Hardly ever appear, seem, own, possess, belong to. questions), still(with negatives), lately, I have lived in London, Paris and Rome
- Never I am understanding* now *(mistake) recently, before, ever and never. I have been living in London since 2005
PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form: regular verb: verb+ed: I worked Form: past to-be (was/were) + ing Form: had + past participle Form: had +been +ing
Irregular verb: irr. form: I went I was going/ I wasn´t going/ Was I going? I had gone/ I hadn´t gone/ Had I gone? I had been working
I didn´t go/ Did I go? Use: an action or situation that was happeningUse:
in a we use the past perfect to refer to an I hadn´t been working
ED: *CVC: CC+ED: prefer: preferred moment in the past action which happened before another action Had I been working?
* C+Y: IED: cry: cried Yesterday at five o´clock, I was playing The patient had died when the doctor arrived Use: It describes an action in progress
Use: completed actions that happened in football with my friends (First, the patiend died. Then, the doctor arrived) throughout a period which happened
the past: Past simple vs Past Continuous -We often introduce the past perfect with before another action in the past.
I bought three CD´s yesterday -We use the PC for an action or situation in conjunctions like when, after, before, by the She was very tired. She has been typing
Time expressions: the past which was already happening when time that. We use adverbs like already, ever, all day
Yesterday, the day before yesterday, another action or situation happened (PS) never… (the process is emphasized)
Last week/month/ year… I was walking down the street when I I had already eaten Past Perfect simple vs Continuous
Three days ago/two months ago… had a great idea Past Simple vs Past Perfect -Past perfect simple: an action was
Past simple vs Present Perfect -We use the PC for an action or situation in Note the difference: completed then
Past simple: completed past actions the past which is interrupted or stopped by - When she phoned, he had left home When I got home, I found that Jill had
I bought a newspaper yesterday. another action or situation (PS) (He left before she phoned) painted the room(it emphasizes the result)
Present perfect: actions that happen in the While I was having a bath, the telephone - When she phoned, he left home -Past Perfect continuous: an action was
past and still happen in the moment of rang (She phoned and then, he left) uncompleted then
speaking Important words: when and while When I got home, I found that Jill had
I have believed in ghosts since I was a been painting the room (it emphasizes the
child process).
 PRESENT SIMPLE vs PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in

brackets.

1.- My father _______ (read) the “Times” newspaper, but I _______ (read)
the “Guardian”.
2.- Juan ________ (say) he _________ (do) a lot of fishing, but he never
_________ (catch) anything.
3.- What __________ (you / watch) on the TV? I
_________ (watch) a programme about wildlife in
the Artic.
4.- I ___________ (not know) which train to catch.
5.- Look! The bus _____________ (come)
6.- We usually ____________ (go) out to dinner on
Saturday evenings.
7.- My brother ___________ (travel) a lot in his job.
8.- I _________ (not understand) the sign over there. What __________
(it / mean)?
9.- Things __________ (fall) to the ground because of gravity.
10.- These days, more and more people __________ (go) abroad for their
holidays.
11.- We ___________ (paint) the flat at the moment.
12.- Paul ___________ (live) in Hastings and _________ (work) as a civil
engineer.
13.- Why _______________ (that machine / not / work) now?
14.- The President of the USA ___________ (not / live) in New York.
15.- Why ___________ (you / wait) outside the door?
16.- This is a great party. I ___________ (have) a lovely time.
17.- When __________ (you / leave) home in the morning?
18.- Sorry, Mary can’t speak to you. She ___________ (wash)
her hair.
19.- That can’t be right! I __________ (not / believe) it!
20.- My nephew is a great cook! This cake ___________ (taste)
wonderful.
21.- Where ___________ (you / go)? I haven’t finished talking to you.
22.- I ____________ (not / take) the bus to school today.
23.- What’s the matter? Why ____________ (you / stare) at me like that?
24.- You should go on a diet, you ___________ (put) on weight.
25.- In the winter, what _____________ (you / wear)?
26.- Everybody knows that the Earth _________ (go) round the sun.
27.- Congratulation! Your English ___________ (get) much better!
28.- Cats ________ (hate) water.
29.- Look! The sun ____________ (shine)
30.- Sophia _______ (prepare) a sandwich for herself at the
moment, but I _________ (prefer) to eat salads.
31.- I ___________ (smell) something good. Is it soup?
32.- I’m not happy at work. I ______ (look) for a new job.
33.- What __________ (Susan / do)? She is a flight
attendant.
34.- The sun _________ (rise) in the east.
Stative Verbs
like know belong
love realise fit
hate suppose contain
want mean consist
need understand seem
prefer believe depend
agree remember matter
mind recognise see
own appear look (=seem)
sound taste smell
hear astonish deny
disagree please impress
satisfy promise surprise
doubt think (=have an opinion) feel (=have an opinion)
wish imagine concern
dislike be have
deserve involve include
lack measure (=have length etc) possess
owe weigh (=have weight)
A verb which isn’t stative is called a dynamic verb, and is usually an action.
Some verbs can be both stative and dynamic:
Be
be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it means ‘behaving’ or ‘acting’
 you are stupid = it’s part of your personality
 you are being stupid = only now, not usually
Think
 think (stative) = have an opinion
I think that coffee is great
 think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head
what are you thinking about? I’m thinking about my next holiday
Have
 have (stative) = own
I have a car
 have (dynamic) = part of an expression
I’m having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break
See
 see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand
I see what you mean
I see her now, she’s just coming along the road
 see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with
I’ve been seeing my boyfriend for three years
I’m seeing Robert tomorrow
Taste
 taste (stative) = has a certain taste
This soup tastes great
The coffee tastes really bitter
 taste (dynamic) = the action of tasting
The chef is tasting the soup

('taste' is the same as other similar verbs such as 'smell')

 Stative verbs worksheet - Exercises 1
A.-Put the verb into the correct form. Use either the present simple or the present continuous.
1. Please don't make so much noise. I __________________ (study).
2. How many languages __________________ (Tom speak).
3. I __________________ (not/belong) to a political party.
4. Hurry! The bus __________________ (come). I __________________ (not/want) to miss it.
5. The River Nile __________________ (flow) into the Mediterranean.
6. The river __________________ (flow) very fast today — much faster than usual.
7. __________________ (it/ever/snow) in India?
8. We usually __________________ (grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year we
__________________ (not/grow) any.
9. A: Can you drive?
B: No, but I __________________ (learn). My father __________________ (teach) me.
10. You can borrow my umbrella. I __________________ (not/need) it at the moment.
11. (at a party) I usually __________________ (enjoy) parties but I __________________
(not/enjoy) this one very much.
12. George says he's 80- years old but I __________________ (not/believe) him.
13. Ron is in London at the moment. He __________________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel. He
usually __________________ (stay) at the Hilton Hotel when he's in London.
14. My parents __________________ (live) in Bristol. They were born there and have never
lived anywhere else. Where __________________ (your/parents/live)?
15. She __________________ (stay) with her sister at the moment, until she finds somewhere
to live.
16. A: What __________________ (your father/do)?
B: He's a teacher, but he __________________ (not/work) at the moment.
17. What time __________________ (the banks/close) in Britain?
18. I don't understand the word 'aint'. What __________________ (it/mean)?
19. He is still ill but he __________________ (get/better) slowly.
20. The economic situation is already bad and it __________________ (get/worse)..
b.-GRAMMAR: Stative Verbs Exercise
Circle the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

(a) Right now they (think, are thinking) about buying a new car.

(b) Pete (has been knowing, has known) Jane for many years.

(c) She told me that she (had always loved, had always been loving) the theatre.

(d) It (is depending, depends) on what the weather (is being, is) like on the weekend.

(e) Pierre (has owned, has been owning) that car for over ten years.

(f) Mary (saw, was seeing) Freddie for the first time in a club in Greenwich Village.

(g) Gerry (was tasting, tasted) the wine when suddenly the fire alarm went off in the restaurant.
He spilled wine all over his shirt.

(h) The roses (smelled, were smelling) lovely in your garden last summer.

(i) Shirley (is having, has) a difficult time right now.

(j) It (looks, is looking) as if it might rain.

(k) I (am thinking, think) that I should look for a new job.

(l) The thief looked into his rear-view mirror and (was realizing, realized) that he (was
being, was) followed by a police car.
C. Put the verbs in brackets in their correct form.
1. He (think) _______________ that we are studying now.
2. These flowers (smell) _______________ terrific.
3. Henry (understand) _______________ Italian well.
4. this milk (taste) _______________ funny. I won’t drink it.
5. Diana (want) _______________ to come over now. Is that all right?
6. There’s a spider in the corner. I (hate) _______________ them.
7. I (hear) _______________ you, but I can’t understand what you are saying.
8. Please give me that book. It (belong) _______________ to me.
9. Moshe (believe) _______________ you, but I know that you are lying.
10. I (think) _______________ that we will get a discount because Talia (know) _______________ the
manager.

D. Put the verbs in brackets in their correct form.

1. Although Tom is very ill, he (know) _______________ what (happen) _______________ around him.
2. Of course I (understand) _______________ you, I (listen) _______________, aren’t I?
3. Why don’t you comb your hair? It (look) _______________ awful.
4. I (tell) _______________ the truth. Why (you/not believe) _______________ me?
5. I (enjoy) _______________ myself a lot at the moment. I (like) _______________ Eilat.
6. Why are you so angry? You (look) _______________ awful when you (be) _______________ angry.
7. Can we go somewhere else? I (hate) _______________it here.
8. I (wait) _______________ for David. We (want) _______________ to go swimming.
9. The girl you talked about (sit) _______________ over there. She (seem) _______________ nice.
 Past Simple / Past Continuous (2)

1.- Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets into the
correct tense Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1.- It _____________ (snow) when I _________ (leave)

home this morning.
2.- It was a sunny afternoon and people __________ (sit)
on the grass in the park. Then suddenly it __________
(start) to rain.
3.- A: I tried to explain my problem to her.
B: ____________________ (she/listen)?
4.- My brother ______________ (talk) on the phone when I arrived, but
when he ____________ (see) me, he ___________ (finish) the call.
Perhaps he thought that I ____________ (listen) to his conversation.
5.- I nearly had an accident today. A car ____________ (come) towards
me, but I moved quickly out of the way and fortunately nothing
____________ (happen).
6.- A: Which hotel ______________ (you/stay) in when you lost your
passport?
B: I don’t remember. I ____________ (visit) many places during my
European tour and I ____________ (stay) in many different hotels.
7.- I ____________ (move) to Hastings in 1999. I ____________ (live)
there when I met them.
8.- ________________(many people / wait) for the 9:15 bus
last night?
9.- I ______________ (dance) with my girlfriend when the
disc jockey played our favourite song.
10.- I ____________ (study) grammar when I ___________
(fall) asleep.
11.- The scientists ___________ (work) in their laboratory
when they___________ (discover) the new drug.
12.- We ___________ (climb) the wall when the gardener
___________ (see) us.
13.-Vicky ___________ (have) a beautiful dream when the alarm clock
__________ (ring)
14.- As he ____________ (run) for the bus he ___________ (collide) with
a street lamp.
15.- When he __________ (carry) a suitcase, he __________ (drop) it on
his foot.
16..- ___________ (you / do) your homework on the bus
while you ____________ (come) to school?
17.- The students ____________ (read) the article when
the last class ___________ (finish).
18.- When I ____________ (arrive) at the cinema, my
friends __________ (wait) for me.
19.- ____________ (you / listen) to the teacher when she ___________
(explain) this exercise?
20.- Susan __________ (play) the piano while Mary ___________ (sing).
 I N S P I R AT I O N 3

Worksheet 11

Used to + infinitive
1 Complete the sentences with these words. 4 John _______________ like Mary, but he
doesn’t now.
didn’t use to used to use to
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
1 What did you _______ throw away? 5 People _______________ produce as much
2 We _______ throw things away. ✘ rubbish as we do nowadays.
3 We _______ keep things we might want a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
later. ✔ 6 Did you _______________ collect anything
when you were young?
2 Choose the correct words to complete each a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
sentence.
200 years ago … 4 Complete these sentences with used to or
1 … people used to / didn’t use to make their didn’t use to.
own clothes. 1 I _______________ play the guitar, but I do
2 … people used to / didn’t use to have now.
mobile phones. 2 I _______________ ride a bike, but I don’t any
3 … people used to / didn’t use to read books. more.
4 … people used to / didn’t use to watch TV. 3 I _______________ collect stamps, but I don’t
5 … people used to / didn’t use to drive cars. any more.
6 … people used to / didn’t use to walk 4 I _______________ enjoy getting up early, but I
everywhere. do now.
5 I _______________ be worried about the
3 Choose the correct words to complete each environment, but I am now.
sentence.
6 I _______________ be afraid of flying, but I’m
1 Why did people _______________ mend their
not anymore.
clothes?
7 I _______________ know how to use a
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
computer, but I do now.
2 I _______________ like watching football, but
now I do.
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
3 What did you _______________ like doing
when you were young?
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to

This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com/inspiration

It is photocopiable, but all copies must be complete pages. Copyright © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2006.
 PAST SIMPLE vs PRESENT PERFECT

Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the

verbs in brackets.

1.- They _________ (write) their exams yesterday.

2.- They _________ (start) building their new house 18 months ago.
3.- I ________ (meet) the company manager two weeks ago.
4.- I ________ (be born) in 1964.
5.- That was the best concert I _____ ever _______ (see).
6.- I __________ (not eat) anything since breakfast.
7.- I _________ (study) English for 10 years.
8.- You ___________ (change) your address recently.
9.- When I was 15 I _________ (go) to Dublin.
10.- My students _________ (raise) a lot of money for
charity.
11.- We _________ (not go) to the cinema last night.
12.- My uncle ________ (arrive) in Lisbon last night but
he _________ (not call)
13.- We _________ (not see) Pedro Almodovar’s new film yet.
14.- _________ (you go) abroad this year?
15.- The shop is probably closed because they _______ (go) for
lunch.
16.- When I ______ (be) at school I ______ (not like) Maths.
17.- What’s the matter with your brother? He ________ (lose) his
mobile.
18.- Mark Spitz ________(win) seven Olympic gold medals in 1972.
19.- Why are you crying? Because I _______ (cut) my finger.
20.- When Mary was young she _______ (love) skiing.
21.- There _______ (be) a lot of accidents last year,
and there _________ (be) a lot this year, too.
22.- My students __________ (not study) hard
last term, but they ______ (study) hard this term.
23.- When my niece ______ (be) at school, she
________ (play) in a handball team.
24.- After I _____ (leave) school, I ______ (take) a job on the
library.
25.- I’m afraid the last train ________ (leave) an
hour ago.
26.- Thank you for your offer but I _________
(decide) not to accept.
27.- Yesterday I __________ (lose) my wallet.
28.- We ________ (not speak) to your sister for a
long time.
29.- When we ________ (reach) the cinema, there
_______ (not be) any tickets left.
30.- Take your umbrella with you. It ________ (start) raining.
 PAST SIMPLE vs PAST PERFECT

Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Past Perfect of the
verbs in brackets.

1.- My aunt flew to Paris last year. She __________ (never /

go) on a plane before that.
2.- We didn’t need to queue because my wife __________
(already / buy) the tickets
3.- The thieves had already spent the money when the police
_________ (catch) them.
4.- Helen ________ (split up) with John before she met Paul.
5.- We ________ (know) her address because she _______ (tell) us.
6.- The children _________ (not eat) for days so they ___________
(be) extremely hungry.
7.- Everyone ___________ (hug) each other after they __________
(finish) their exams.
8.- She didn’t want to go to the cinema because she ___________
(already / see) the film.
9.- I ________ (just / buy) a dress when a thief _______ (steal) my
bag.
10.- My niece _________ (go) to London three times by the time
she _________ (be) sixteen.
11.- My students ________ (raise) some money after they ________
(see) a documentary on TV about Africa.
12.- It was half past three and we still _________ (not / eat) lunch.
13.- Our teacher ________ (give) us extra homework because we
___________ (not finish) our essays.
14.- My father _________ (lose) his glasses and he couldn’t read the
newspaper.
15.- The car stopped because we __________ (run) out of
petrol.
16.- He __________ (feel) very ill because he
__________ (not sleep) well.
17.- By the time I met John, he ___________ (leave)
college.
18.- When I _________ (ask) her to help me, she ________ (agree).
19.- I thought I _________ (read) that book before, but I hadn’t.
20.- I knew I __________ (see) her somewhere before.
21.- I was sure I __________ (not lock) the door.
22.- When we ___________ (get) home my wife realized she
__________ (lose) her purse.
23.- When we arrived at my parent’s house, they ________ (leave)
24.- After I _________ (buy) my new computer, I discovered that I
___________ (not have) enough money.
25.- The Vikings ________ (sail) to North America a thousand years
ago.
 Future Tenses
Present Simple

Use: in timetables and schedules

The bus leaves at 6.30

Present Continuous

To be + gerund

Use: hablar de planes futuros que han sido confirmados. El ejemplo de la

agenda, tú miras en tu agenda y ves que tienes una cita, la cual ha sido
confirmada.

The president is opening the museum at 6 p.m

Will future

Form: will + infinitive

She will come back at ten/ She won´t come back at ten/ Will she come back at ten?

Uses

A) Expresar certeza en el futuro. Suele ir con expresiones como I´m sure, o

adverbios como surely, definitely…

We will definitely phone her tonight

B) Expresar predicción en el futuro. Suele ir con expresiones como “I

think”, “Perhaps…”, “Maybe…”

It will be windy tomorrow

C) Para hacer promesas.

I will buy a present for you next birthday

D) Para tomar una decisión justo cuando estamos hablando. Ten

cuidado porque si traduces las frases, te pegaría más poner going to,
pero no, no te guíes por la traducción.

It´s hot here. I will open the window

E) Cuando te ofreces para hacer algo educadamente.

I will carry that suitcase for you

F) Cuando pides algo educadamente.

Will you do it for me?

Going to future

Form: to be + going to+ verb

They are going to sleep/ They aren´t going to sleep/Are they going to sleep?

Uses

A) Para expresar intenciones, algo que te has propuesto y que tienes

intención de hacer.

I am going to eat less. // I am going to tidy my room on Saturday

B) Para hablar de planes futuros. Suelen ser algo lejanos, y por lo tanto,
no tienen por qué ser confirmados.

They are going to build a new bridge next autumn

C) Para hacer predicciones de futuro a través de hechos evidentes en el

presente. Tiene que haber algo que te diga que va a ocurrir ( una
evidencia)

It´s very hot today. We are going to sweat

 FUTURE TENSE.-EXERCISES.

A. Say if these sentences express a promise, a polite request, an offer,

an arrangement a prediction or an intention.
1. I will give you a ring when I get home.
2. Will you carry this bag for me, please?
3. I´m visiting your aunt this evening.
4. I´m going to make a cake tonight.
5. It will be sunny tomorrow morning.
6. I´ll help you with your exercise, if you want me to.
B. Read these hints and make predictions about what is going to happen.
1. He is eating too much.
2. She has gone to the hairdresser´s.
3. He still hasn´t arrive at the train station, and the train is leaving.
4. The sky is dark with clouds.
5. He´s been drinking and he´s driving.
6. She hasn´t studied at all for tomorrow´s exam.
7. He´s late again for the English class.
C. Complete these sentences using the correct future form of the verbs
given in brackets:
1. Yes, I promise_________(not do) it again, mother.
2. What time_____________(return) tonight?
3. I_______________(buy) a present for my father´s birthday.
4. I______________(start) a diet and I______________(give up) smoking, but I
don´t know if I________________(can) go to the gym twice a week.
5. She´s pregnant, she____________(have) a baby, I think it__________(be) a
boy.
6. My daughter___________(be) 20 years next Tuesday.
7. ______________(someone answer) the phone? Sure, I__________(do) it.
8. What time______________(take) the train tomorrow?
9. Be careful! You______________(hit) that wall!
10. Have you decided what to wear tonight? Yes, I________________(wear) my new
dress.
11. By 7,00 pm they_______________(play) for six hours.
12. I____________(finish) painting your room by the time you get home.
13. Phone me tomorrow morning, I_____________(not do) anything then.
14. What do you want to have? I____________(have) a glass of wine.
15. She____________(phone) me as soon as she gets home.
16. By five o´clock, they______________(finish)their exam.
17. By the year 2010, scientists_____________(find) a cure for AIDS.
18. What______________(your son/be) after he passes his exams?
19. He says he______________(be) a teacher, though perhaps
he__________(change) his mind.
 MAKING PREDICTIONS
WILL vs GOING TO

1.- Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of going to

or will / won’t

1.- Don’t ask Simon to fix the shelves. He ____________ break

them. He always does.
2.- Hey! Watch out! That glass ___________ fall off the table.
3.- There’s no point in giving Lucy any salad. She __________ eat it.
4.- I bet he ___________ forget my birthday again this
year.
5.- Tom __________ go. You know he hates weddings.
6.- It feels really cold. I’m sure it ___________ snow.
7.- The twins___________ be one year old next week.
8.- Oh no! Look! Sally ____________ fall off her bike.
9.- The bus has broken down so it ____________ be late.
10.- Perhaps we ___________ meet again. Who knows?
11.- The sun __________ rise at 6.00.
12.- She hasn’t got a coat. She ________ get a cold.
13.- I’m sure they __________ be late.
14.- I don’t think it ___________ rain.
15.- My students ______ probably pass all their exams.
16.- Look out! Those dictionaries ________ fall on your
head.
17.- Hurry up, we ____________ miss the train.
18.- I expect it __________ take long.
19.- We imagine they ___________decide anything yet.
20.- Look at that clear, blue sky. It ________ rain.
21.- In the year 2050 people __________ live on the moon.
22.- I think Barcelona ___________ win the league.
23.- Look out! You __________ hit that tree.
24.- In twenty years’ time, most people ___________
probably ride bicycles to work.
25.- The Government thinks a large number of tourists
___________ come to visit Spain next summer.
26.- If you don’t work hard, you ________ pass the exams.
27.- Look at all this food. I think they __________ have a party.
28.- This soup smells good. I’m sure it _________ taste
even better.
29.- Maybe she ___________ her driving test this year.
30.- Let’s take the train. It _________ be quicker than the
bus.
 REVISION OF ENGLISH TENSES

1. I____________(watch) Tv most evenings

2. Shh! I__________(watch) TV.
3. She__________(hurt) her back when she___________(lift) the bag.
4. We_______(be) in the park from 6.00 to 8.00 yesterday. The children________(play)
football and we____________(sunbathe) when it suddenly__________(start) to rain
cats and dogs.
5. I__________(go) down in the lift when it suddenly___________(stop).
6. John had a sports car once. How long____________(he,have) it?
7. Maria has got a new motorbike. How long____________(she,have) it?
8. We ____________(start) yo play tennis when it ____________(stop) raining.
9. The lesson____________(already start) when I_____________(get) to the classroom.
10. What are you doing with those tools?- I________________(repair) the car.
11. Are you going shopping?, I_____________(go) with you if you like.
12. You can turn off the radio, I_____________(not listen) to it any more.
13. The thieves__________(already,escape) when the police________(arrive) at the bank.
14. Oh, no! We haven´t got any milk.- Haven´t we? I_____________(get) some from the
shops then.
15. Be quiet! I__________ (think).
16. This time next week we_______________(sit) on the beach.
17. There were many books in the room. She______________(read) for hours.
18. Yesterday I____________(get) to the stadium at 7:45, but the game_________(start)
at 7:30.
19. It____________(rain) in winter but today it_________(not rain).
20. As we_____________(cross) the road, he slipped and_____________(fall).
21. Lend me your rubber. You _____________(make) a mistake and I_______(wish) to rub
it out.
22. My tooth__________(break) when I___________(eat) a hazel-nut.
23. The sun___________(rise) in the east, now it___________(set) and
night________(fall).
24. What are you doing?- I____________(sit) on a chair and____________(eat) a banana.
25. As he___________(die), he_____________(ask) for a priest.
26. I_______________(try) to learn English for years, but I__________(not succeed) yet.
27. I__________(meet) him once, it__________(be) a long time ago.
28. Look! That man in the white hat who_______________(walk) past the
window_________(live) next door.
29. Jack______________(go) to Switzerland for a holiday. I_____________(never,be)
there.
30. You must wake her up, she_____________(sleep) soundly for ten hours!
31. He____________(smile) at me in a friendly way when he___________(see) me.
32. Look! A man__________(run) after the bus. He_________(want) to catch it.
33. My friend___________(already find) a good job in the city.
34. They___________(not speak) to each other since they quarreled.
35. Wood___________(float) on water but iron_____________(not float).
36. _____________(you wash) your hands every meal?
37. ________________(You, understand) the English tenses now? – Yes,
I___________(do) an exercise at the moment and I___________(think) that
I_______(know) how to use them now.
38. When the police arrived, the car__________(go).
39. I____________(not see) Lucy since last Friday.
40. We__________(not smoke), but we____________(eat) a lot.
41. If you buy some food, I_____________(make) a good meal.
42. Kathy can´t com to the phone, she___________(have) a bath at the moment.
43. I usually_________(go) to school by bus, but yesterday I_________(walk).
44. If someone offered her a job, she__________(accept) it.
45. I__________(talk) to Peter on the phone one week ago.
46. When I got to the cinema, the film_____________(already,start).
47. Mary is pregnant. She_____________(have) a baby next July.
48. He____________(learn) French for two years now.
49. Next year I____________(be) at the university.
50. Jane___________(not study) at the moment, she____________(write) letters.
51. When the car crashed, I_____________(walk) along the street.
52. How long____________(you live) in London?
53. They___________(not want) to come to the party last Sunday.
54. If I had known that he was married, I__________(not dance) with her.
55. I_____________(watch) television this evening.
56. When I got there she was very tired, because she_____________(work) all night.
57. When my sister is 25, I think she____________(have) a big house.
58. I_____________(not finish) my homework, but I decided to go out with my friends.
59. In 1965 a lot of people______________(go) to Germany.
60. I____________(write) her a letter, if I knew her address.
61. I___________(visit) my parents three times this year.
62. If I_________(be) a young man, I would travel everywhere.
63. I´m sorry I can´t help you now, I__________(work).
64. When you telephoned, I_____________(watch) television.
65. I started this book at 7:00, and I______________(read) until now.
66. My brother usually_____________(have) lunch at that restaurant.
67. If you painted this room white, it____________(be) happier.
68. When I finish this school, I___________(be) a nurse.
69. I___________(study) in this school for the last five years.
70. I can´t talk to Jennifer in this moment, she____________(have) lunch.
71. At last he ended the book in October. He______________(write) for a year.
72. If you_____________(study) more, you would have passed this exam.
73. Caroline____________(not like) going to parties until late.
74. There was nobody in the car, but the engine_______________(run).
 MIXED TENSE REVISION 2

Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the right tense.

1.- Sam ___________ (talk) on the phone. I’ll tell him you are here.
2.- I _________ (have) several meals at this restaurant this month.
3.- The committee __________ (discuss) the problem at this very
moment.
4.- You _________ (not find) the right answer yet.
5.- My brother __________ (write) a book about Santander.
6.- There _________(be) many car accidents on the road recently.
7.- Mi niece __________ (come) to visit us tomorrow.
8.- My children __________ (play) chess when I _________ (come)
into the room.
9.- Birds _________ (fly) south every winter.
10.- This box is too heavy. I _________ (carry) it for you.
11.- My uncle _________ (give) us a present last month.
12.- The baby __________ (have) a cough for a few days.
Let’s take her to the doctor.
13.- I _________ (know) John since we were children.
14.- If you _________ (hurry), we can catch the bus on time.
15.- When John _________ (wake up), we ________ (tell) him the
news.
16.- What __________ (Ann / do) if she wins the lottery?
17.- If she knew the truth she ___________ (be) angry.
18.- I would have called the police if my car _________ (steal).
19.- If I __________ (be) you, I would take the job.
20.- My sister ___________ (just / phone) me from the airport.
21.- While I __________ (wash) my hair, the telephone __________
(ring).
22.- Most of the young people _________ (leave) the village a long
time ago.
23.- If a plant is watered, it __________ (grow)
24.- If you __________ (lend) me the money now, I would pay you
back later.
25.- A burglar _________ (break) into our house while
we ________ (watch) a football match on TV.
26.- We ____________ (win) the match if we had
practised.
27.- I _________ (have) a party on Saturday. Do you
want to come?
28.- This can’t be right! I __________ (not / believe) it.
29.- The bus leaves at 10.30, so we ___________ (leave) the house
at 8 o’clock.
30.- Kelly ___________ (probably / get) the job.
THE PASSIVE

- Todos los tiempos: BE+PAST PARTICIPLE

Ex: Coffee is grown in Columbia

TO-BE + PARTICIPLE

- Algunos verbos que no se pueden utilizar en pasiva: go, arrive, have,

happen, die, come. live, exist, occur, sleep…se podrán pasar a pasiva
los verbos que sean transitivos, es decir, los que puedan llevar
complemento directo.

Ex: I eat bananas Bananas are eaten

CD

- A la hora de pasar una oración a pasiva, tendremos que tener en

cuenta tres cambios:

1. El sujeto de la oración activa pasará a ser complemento

agente en la oración pasiva
2. El complemento directo de la oración activa pasará a ser
sujeto paciente (el que recibe la acción), en la oración
pasiva.
3. A la hora de pasar el verbo a pasiva, tendremos que
seguir siempre la misma regla: tendremos que poner el
verbo to-be en el mismo tiempo en el que va el verbo de
la oración en activa, y después poner siempre el
participio del verbo conjugado.

- A continuación, vamos a ver algunos ejemplos de paso de activa a

pasiva con distintos tiempos verbales:

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

Present Simple She writes novels Novels are written
Present Cont. She is writing… Novels are being written
Pres. Perfect She has written… Novels have been written
Past Simple She wrote novels Novels were written
 TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
Past Cont. She was writing… Novels were being written
Past Perfect. She had written… Novels had been written
Future Simple She will write… Novels will be written
Future Perfect She will have written… Novels will have been written
Be going to She is going to write.. Novels are going to be written
Modals She can write novels… Novels can be written

- En cuanto al complemento agente, que siempre irá precedido por “by”,

sólo se pondrá cuando se trate de personas, animales o cosas
concretas. Se debe evitar con palabras como people, someboby, me…

- Existen verbos en inglés que pueden tener un doble complemento, un

complemento directo o complemento de cosa, y un complemento
indirecto o complemento de persona. En estos casos, a la hora de
pasar a pasiva tendría prioridad el complemento de persona.

Ex: I gave her a letter She was given a letter

CI CD

EXERCISES
Rewrite these sentences in passive. If there are two options. Please write
both

1. They speak Chinese in Singapore

2. Someone called the fire brigade
3. Many people prefer coffee for breakfast
4. Did anyone open the door?
5. Someone will prepare your breakfast tomorrow morning.
6. You must tell everything.
7. The painter is now making a portrait of her.
8. Someone had left the report on the desk and they couldn´t find it.
9. Nobody reads poems nowadays.
10. They haven´t finished the report.
11. Someone is helping her with the housework.
12. You must extinguish your cigarettes.
13. The traffic warden had already given him a ticket for illegal parking.
14. Steven Spielberg didn´t direct Titanic.
15. The secretary has given me some letters.
16. You must clean this shirt.
17. Dr.Brown always gives me some advice.
18. John is going to pick me up tonight.
19. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.
20. His parents have brought him up to be polite.
21. The teachers have revised the compositions for weeks.
22. I was reading a fascinating novel.
23. Nobody likes number thirteen.
24. You have to water the plants a lot when it is very hot.
 THE PASSIVE (II)

Change the active sentences into passive. Use the underlined words as
subject of the passive sentences.

1 Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.

……………………………………………………………………..
2 Twenty seven European countries signed the Treaty of Lisbon.
…………………………………………………………….........…
3 J.R.R Tolkien wrote the Hobbit in 1937.
………………………………………………………………
4. The postman will deliver the parcels soon
………………………………………………………………
5 The Spanish team has won the bronze medal.
………………………………………………………...........
6 The headmaster welcomed all the new students.
……………………………………………………………………
7. The gardener didn’t cut the lawn yesterday.
……………………………………………………………………...
8 Several people saw the accident
……………………………………………………………………...
9 Two different teachers have marked the exams.
………………………………………………………….
10 They built the castle in 1547.
……………………………………………………………
11 The children are organizing the Halloween party.
…………………………………………………………
12 Customs officers check people’s baggage at the airport.
……………………………………………………………
13 They are painting their house next week.
……………………………………………………………………….
14 Did they invite you to the party?
……………………………………………………………………….
15 These books will change your life.
……………………………………………………………………….
16 The boss offered my cousin a rise for her hard work
……………………………………………………………………….
17 We are going to redecorate the children’s room.
………………………………………………………………………..
18 The students gave the teacher some flowers.
………………………………………………………………………..
19 They have organized a surprised party
………………………………………………………………………..
 1

The Causative – to have something done (8th form)

[ We use the expression ‘to have something done’ ( have + object + past participle) to say:
 That somebody does something for you. Usually they’re things that are difficult to do yourself or you
don’t want to do yourself.
 That something unpleasant happened to somebody.

[ Questions and negations of the verb have are formed with do/does or did.

[ We can use the verb get instead of the verb have only in informal conversation.

Present simple He paints the house He has the house painted.

Present continuous He is painting the house. He is having the house painted.
Past simple He painted the house. He had the house painted.
Past continuous He was painting the house. He was having the house painted.
Future simple He will paint the house. He will have the house painted.
Future continuous He will be painting the house. He will be having the house painted.
Present perfect He has painted the house. He has had the house painted.
Present perfect continuous He has been painting the house. He has been having the house painted.
Past perfect He had painted the house. He had had the house painted.
Past perfect continuous He had been painting the house. He had been having the house painted.
Infinitive He must paint the house. He must have the house painted.
-ing form It’s worth painting the house. It’s worth having the house painted.

PRACTICE

Test 3. Rewrite these sentences using ‘ to have something done’

1) They serviced Ken’s car yesterday. – Ken………

2) They’re repairing our roof at the moment. – We……
3) They’re going to fit a stereo in my car. –I ………
4) Someone cleans Sue’s flat once a week. –Sue……
5) Has anyone tested your eyes recently? –Have you………..?
6) Someone stole John’s briefcase last week. –John………
7) Someone cleans her house. – She…….
8) Someone cooks her meals. –She………
9) Someone washes her clothes. –She.……
10) Somebody cleans her windows. –She……
11) Somebody serviced her car. –She……
12) Somebody does her shopping. –She…..
13) Somebody looks after her garden. –She…..
14) Somebody posts her letters . –She……..
15) Their windows need to be cleaned. –They need………
16) The hairdresser was styling Mrs Brown’s hair. –Mrs Brown……
17) She told her son to carry the shopping to the house. –She. ……..
18) Dad is going to arrange for someone to cut the grass . –Dad is going………
19) They used to employ a cleaner who cleaned the house. –They used……
20) Did the mechanic repair Paul’s motorbike? –Did Paul……..?

Test 4. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) His teeth are checked twice a year.

2) Her skirt is being cleaned at the moment.
3) My hair is trimmed once a month.
4) Central heating is going to be installed in our house next month.
5) Sam’s burglar alarm was fitted last week.
6) My car is being repaired at the moment.
7) The band’s new single has just been recorded.
8) Our new furniture is going to be delivered tomorrow.
9) Their new house is being decorated at the moment.
 2

10) The windows will be cleaned.

Test 5. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) A new jumper has been knitted for me.

2) The lock has to be fixed.
3) A new pair of glasses is going to be made for him.
4) Their windows need to be cleaned.
5) The hairdresser was styling Mrs Brown’s hair.
6) She told her son to carry the shopping to the house.
7) Dad is going to arrange for someone to cut the grass.
8) They used to employ a cleaner who cleaned the house.
9) Did the mechanic repair Paul’s motorbike?
10) The boss asked his assistant to type the letter.

Test 6. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) A plumber fixed the dripping tap for Joe.

2) Have you told the secretary to make some photocopies?
3) The chef was cooking Tom’s lunch.
4) Did you tell the shop to deliver the sofa to you?
5) My purse was stolen last Friday.
6) Did you employ a painter to decorate your house?
7) The builders are putting a new roof on Adam’s house at the moment.
8) She asked the maid to polish the silver.
9) The man had asked the porter to take his luggage to his room.
10) Did you ask Jenny to arrange the flowers for you?

Test 7. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) When will your glasses be made?

2) I hired a professional to cater for my party.
3) Did you ask anyone to sweep the chimney?
4) She asked him to do the shopping.
5) Their house was burgled last night.
6) He employed a carpenter to build the fence.
7) Julie’s housekeeper irons all her clothes.
8) His shop’s windows were smashed in the riot.
9) Pete must have sent this letter.
10) He should plant some more flowers.

Test 8. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) The hairdresser is cutting my hair on Tuesday.

2) Did a professional make the cake for you?
3) Somebody stole my car last weekend.
4) An electrician fitted the new lights for Sandra.
5) The woman had asked the waiter to bring the bill to the table.
6) They employed a plumber to fit the shower.
7) Have you asked the secretary to fax the contract to Mr Brown?
8) Alan’s mum washes all his clothes.
9) The mechanic at the garage serviced their car.
10) He told the student to clean the blackboard.

Test 9. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1. My windows are cleaned twice a month.

2. The star’s latest film has just been released.
3. Their swimming pool will be drained.
4. The carpets must be laid in our flat by Monday.
 3

5. The brakes on my bike have been oiled.

6. Our desks are being painted at the moment.
7. Her bookcase was delivered last week.
8. A new computer has been ordered for me.
9. Annie’s sculptures are going to be exhibited tomorrow.
10. A skateboard was being made for Tim.

Test 10. Rewrite the sentences using HAVE SOMETHING DONE

1) Holly is going to ask Mary to sew her dress.

2) Someone has tidied the garden for Mark.
3) When will they fix his telephone?
4) Pat pays someone to clean the windows every week.
5) Can you tell someone to move those boxes?
6) When will they deliver Dan’s sofa?
7) Howard should ask someone to deliver the package.
8) When will you service the car?
9) Pay someone to make the curtains for you.
10) Someone has shortened Alice’s skirt.
 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES : MIXED TYPES

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.

1.- If you ________ (be) a professional basketball player, who

_________ (you/play) for?
2.- If he _________ (not study) now, he won’t have time later.
3.- If Susan had taken the map, she ________ (not get) lost.
4.- Where would you go on holiday if you _________
(can) choose?
5.- The teacher _________ (be) angry if you didn’t do
your homework.
6.- What _______ (you/ give) me if it were my birthday
tomorrow?
7.- If we recycle more, there _________ (not be) so
much rubbish.
8.- If they had something to eat, they __________ (not be) hungry.
9.- If we _________ (hear) the weather forecast, we wouldn’t have
gone to the beach.
10.- What _________ (you/buy) if you had a credit card?
11.- If they ________ (not hurry) up, they will miss the film.
12.- If the bus ________ (not arrive) soon, we’ll be late.
13.- If they had phoned me yesterday, I _________
(give) them the news.
14.- If I _________ (be) you, I wouldn’t eat so many
sweets.
15.- We’ll go for a walk unless it ________ (rain).
16.- If the North Pole ________ (melt), the water
would flow many cities.
17.- If we ________ (know) it was Paul’s birthday, we would have
sent him a card.
18.- If you play the music too loud, you _________ (wake up) the
neighbours.
19.- My father doesn’t feel happy unless he ________ (swim) every
day.
20.- If the river had frozen, my friends and I _________
(go) skating.
21.- If people used bikes instead of cars , there _______
(not be) so much pollution.
22.- If our team had scored another goal, we _________
(win) the championship.
23.- If the waiter __________ (not serve) us soon, we’ll
have to leave.
24.- We’ll have dinner outside in the garden, unless it __________
(be) too cold
25.- When you heat wax, it ________ (melt).
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS (4º ESO)

Ideas expressed Modal verbs Alternative structures Adverbs

CAN I can go -> Puedo ir (nada me lo impide) [PRESENT]
COULD I could go -> Pude ir (nada lo impidió) [PAST]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Possibly
POSSIBILITY TO BE ABLE TO
MAY I may go -> Puede que vaya (no sé si lo haré) Perhaps
MIGHT I might go -> Podría ir (a lo mejor voy) Maybe
COULD I could go -> (casi igual que might, menos formal)
STRONG PROBABILITY MUST He must be there -> Debe de estar allí [affirmative] TO BE PROBABLE Probably
CERTAINTY CAN’T He can’t be there -> No puede estar allí [negative] TO BE CERTAIN Certainly
DEDUCTION [expresan que… estoy seguro, lo deduzco, hay una gran probabilidad] TO BE SURE Surely
CAN I can swim -> Sé nadar (porque he aprendido) [PRESENT]
ABILITY TO KNOW HOW TO
COULD I could swim -> Sabía nadar (aprendí a hacerlo) [PAST]
CAN Can I…? -> ¿Puedo…?
PERMISSION MAY May I…? -> (igual que “can I”, pero en inglés formal) TO BE ALLOWED
COULD Could I…? -> ¿Podría…? (formal y poco probable)
MUST He must do it -> Debe hacerlo (está obligado) [PRESENT] TO HAVE TO
OBLIGATION TO BE OBLIGATORY
ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION NEEDN’T I needn’t go -> No tengo que ir (no hay obligación) [PRESENT] DON’T/DOESN’T/DIDN’T HAVE TO
PROHIBITION MUSTN’T I mustn’t do it -> No debo/puedo hacerlo (está prohibido) TO FORBID / TO BE FORBIDDEN
ADVICE SHOULD You should -> Deberías… (te lo aconsejo / en mi opinión) TO ADVIISE

EXAMPLES
I haven’t got any money, so I CAN’T buy anything. No tengo dinero, por tanto NO PUEDO comprar nada.
She COULDN’T arrive on time because the flight had been delayed. Ella NO PUDO llegar a tiempo porque el vuelo había sido cancelado.
I’ll be on holiday next month, so I MAY go to France if it isn’t too expensive. Tendré vacaciones el mes que viene, PUEDE QUE vaya a Francia si no es muy caro.
If I won the lottery I COULD buy a new house. Si ganara la lotería PODRÏA comprarme una casa nueva.
We’ve found a very old painting. It MIGHT be valuable but we’re not sure. Hemos encontrado un cuadro muy antiguo. PODRÍA ser valioso, pero no estamos seguros.
I’m sure that man MUST be famous. Everybody wants his autograph. Estoy seguro que ese hombre DEBE DE ser famoso. Todos quieren su autógrafo.
That car CAN’T be British; the driver is on the left. Ese coche NO PUEDE ser británico; el conductor está a la izquierda.
I CAN play the guitar because I was taught when I was young. Yo SÉ tocar la guitarra porque me enseñaron cuando era pequeño.
My father tried to repair the car, but he COULD’T. He had to ask a mechanic. Mi padre intentó arreglar el coche, pero no SUPO/PUDO. Tuvo que llamar a un mecánico.
CAN you lend me some money, Tom? ¿POEDES prestarme algo de dinero, Tom?
MAY I come in, sir? ¿SE PUEDE? / ¿PUEDO entrar?
Mum, COULD I come back home after midnight? We’ve got a party. Mamá, ¿PODRÍA volver a casa después de medianoche? Tenemos una fiesta.
All drivers MUST follow the traffic rules. Todos los conductores DEBEN seguir las normas de tráfico.
You NEEDN'T bring anything, we'll give you all you need. NO TIENES (POR)QUÉ traer nada. Te daremos todo lo que necesites.
Students SHOULD pay attention when the teacher is explaining. Loa estudiantes DEBERÍAN prestar atención cuando el profesor está explicando.
My father has told me that I MUSTN'T arrive late. Mi padre me ha dicho que NO PUEDO/NO DEBO llegar tarde.
MUST – HAVE TO – MUSTN’T – DON’T HAVE TO

MUST HAVE TO MUSTN’T DON’T HAVE TO

We use must when We use have to talk We use mustn’t to We use don’t have
we think it is about an action that say that something to to say that
important to do an is necessary is against the rules, people are not
action or we give because of rules or or against the law. obliged to do
people orders, laws, or because something.
especially when someone obliges us You mustn’t
you are in a to do it. smoke at school. You don’t have to
position of get up early at the
authority, At school my I mustn’t be late weekend.
children have to for the meeting.
You must be home wear a uniform. We don’t have to
by ten. You mustn’t shout hurry; we are early.
You must go. I have to pay the at your brothers.
rent every month. You don’t have to
Must is only used You mustn’t use a shout. I can hear
in the present. We In Spain you have computer on a you.
use forms of have to go to school until plane.
to for all other you’re sixteen years
tenses. old. You mustn’t talk to
strangers.
We’ve missed the Does he have to go
bus, so we’ll have now?
to walk home.

We often use must

when the sense of
obligation comes
from the speaker.

I must go to the
doctor. (I don’t feel
well)
Complete these sentences with MUST or MUSTN’T.

* You ……………… cross the roads without looking. It’s dangerous.

* The exams are next week. I …………….. work harder.
* You ……………… forget your umbrella. It’s going to rain.
* Students …………… listen to the teacher or they won’t understand.
* We ……………. leave now or we’ll miss the plane.
* You …………….. take food in your room.
* You …………….. use the elevators in case of fire.
* You …………….. a mobile phone in class.
* We ……………. feed the animals. It’s forbidden.
* Students ……………. make noise in the corridors.
* You …………….. read this book. It’s really good.
* We ……………… book the tickets before it’s too late.
* You ……………. forget his birthday again.
* This is an emergency exit. You …………… leave your car in front of it.
* She …………….…… go to university if she wants to study Civil
Engineering.
* I …………… post this parcel.

Complete these sentences using the correct forms of

HAVE TO .

* Shop assistants ………………deal with the public.

* You ……………. come with us if you don’t want to.
* I was late this morning because I ……… wait a long time for the bus.
* In Spain, Teachers ……………. wear uniforms.
* John ……………. train nearly every day.
* I must leave early but you …………….. .
* You …………… run. There’ s plenty of time.
* Susan must read this book but she ………….. read that one.
* ……………… (you) take the cat with you everywhere?
* He …………… book a table at the restaurant. I’ve already done it.
* Nurses ………….. wear uniforms.
* Factory workers …………… work in shifts.
* I’m going to bed. I …………… be up early tomorrow.
* If you’ve got the ticket, you …………. queue.
* I …………. wear glasses because I can’t see very well.
* I usually …………. correct a lot of homework.
* You ………….. go shopping today. We don’t need anything.
* At a disco you ……………. dance.
* You …………. worry about the exam. You’ve done lots of work.
* ……………… (you) wait a long time for a taxi?
 MUST, MUSTN’T, HAVE TO, DON’T HAVE TO

Complete these sentences with must, mustn’t or the correct or the correct
form of have to.

1.- At our school we __________ wear a uniform.

2.- You __________ cross the roads without looking. It’s
dangerous.
3.- You _______ turn on the central heating. It’s automatic.
4.- The exams are next week. I __________ work harder.
5.- You ________ forget your umbrella. It’s going to rain.
6.- Students _________ listen to the teacher or they
won’t understand.
7.- You _____ cross the road when the red light is showing.
8.- We __________ leave now or we’ll miss the plane.
9.- Soldiers ____________ obey orders.
10.- Sorry, I ___________ go now. I don’t want to be late.
11.- Shop assistants __________ deal with the public.
12.- You __________ come with us if you don’t want to.
13.- I was late this morning because I _________ wait a long time
for the bus.
14.- In Spain, teachers __________ wear uniforms.
15.- You ___________ take food in your room.
16.- You __________ use the elevators in case of fire.
17.- I _________ wear glasses because I can’t see very well.
18.- You ___________ read this book. It’s really good.
19.- You __________ go shopping today. We don’t
need anything.
20.- You __________ a mobile phone in class.
21.- We ___________ feed the animals. It’s forbidden.
22.- We _________ book the tickets before it’s too late.
23.- In Spain, teachers _________ work on Saturdays.
24.- In Britain you __________ drive on the left.
25.- Every player in a football team __________ have a number.
26.- You ___________ forget his birthday again.
27.- Doctors sometimes ___________ work at the weekend.
28.- Nowadays in Spain pupils ____ learn Latin at school.
29.- You __________ smoke on public places.
30.- My wife __________ go to work today. It’s a
holiday.
31.- You _________ shout. I can hear you.
32.- We ___________ be quiet in the library.
33.- You __________ use a computer on the plane.
34.- She ___________ come to the dentist’s with me.
35.- At a restaurant you _________ pay the bill but you __________
eat everything.
POSSIBILTY AND CERTAINTY: may, might, could, must, can’t

Complete the sentences with the correct form of may, might,

could, must, can’t.

1.- This letter ________ be from Japan because

it’s got a French stamp.
2.- I’m not sure what language it is – it
_________ be polish.
3.- I just rang Paul, but there is no answer. He
___________ be out.
4.- The dog is wet. It _________ be raining
outside.
5.- We ________ go to the Canary Islands for
Easter.
6.- John ________ be in the final. He’s a terrible
player.
7.- Anna lived in America for three years, so she _________ speak
English.
8.- Tom’s brother doesn’t know anything about medicine, so he
_________ be a doctor.
9.- Mary is not in her room. Where is she? She _________ be in the
garden.
10.- This jacket _________ belong to Susan because it’s not her size.
11.- We __________ have a picnic tomorrow, but it depends on the
weather.
12.- You __________ be hungry. You’ve just eaten two bars of
chocolate.
13.- I ___________ go to the party.. I haven’t decided yet.
14.- It’s her birthday. She _________ be happy.
15.- Try the shirt on. It _____ be your size.
16.- My brother has difficulties with reading
and writing. Some people think he
_________ be stupid or lazy.
17.- She __________ be French. She only
speaks English.
18.- He isn’t answering the door. He
_____________ be out.
19.- My grandad doesn’t always hear me. He ________ be deaf.
20.- Be quiet – you _________ wake the baby.
Pronouns (Subject, Object, Possessive Pronouns) and Possessive Adjectives

Pronouns include subject pronouns, object pronouns and possessive pronouns. These are used to replace
nouns in sentences.
It is also important to learn possessive adjectives when learning these forms.
Use the chart below and then study the example sentences chart. Finally, practice by doing the exercises.

Pronouns and Possessive Forms

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Possessive Adjectives Possessive Pronouns
I me my mine
you you your yours
he him his his
she her her hers
it it its ----
we us our ours
you you your yours
they them their theirs

Example Sentences
Subject Example Object Example Possessive Example Possessive Example
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
I I work in me She gave my That is my mine That car is
Portland. me the house. mine.
book.
you You like you Peter your Your subject yours That book is
listening bought you is English. yours.
to music. a present.
he He lives in him She told his His wife is his That dog over
Seattle. him the from Italy. there is his.
secret.
she She went her I asked her her Her name is hers That house is
on to come Christa. hers.
vacation with me.
last week.
it It seems it Jack gave it its Its color is ---- ----
hot today! to Alice. black.
we We enjoy us The teacher our Our car is ours That poster on
playing taught us very old. the wall is
golf. French. ours.
you You can you I gave the your I have your yours The
come to books to tests responsibility
the party. you last corrected is all yours.
week. for you
today.
they They are them The state their It's difficult theirs The house on
students at provided to the corner is
this them with understand theirs.
school. insurance. their
meaning.

1
Exercise 1
Use a subject pronoun as the subject of each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses.
1. ____ works at National Bank. (Mary)
2. ____ are in the cupboard. (the cups)
3. ____ lives in Oakland, California. (Derek)
4. ____ enjoy watching movies on Friday evenings. (My brother and I)
5. ____ is on the table. (the magazine)
6. ____ is working at the moment. (Mary)
7. ____ study French at university. (Peter, Anne and Frank)
8. ____ are good friends. (Tom and I)
9. ____ went to school yesterday. (Anna)
10. ____ think this exercise is difficult. (the students)

Exercise 2
Use a object pronoun as the object in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses.
1. Please give ____ the book. (Peter)
2. I bought ____ last week. (the car)
3. Angela visited ____ two months ago. (Mary)
4. I enjoyed listening to ____ last week. (the song)
5. Alexander asked ____ to give the book to him. ( I)
6. She ate ____ quickly and left for work. (breakfast)
7. I picked ____ up at seven o'clock. (Peter and Jane)
8. I like reading ____ before I go to sleep. (magazines)
9. It's very difficult to memorize ____. (the new vocabulary words)
10. Tom gave ____ some advice. (my wife and I)

Exercise 3
Use a possessive adjective in the gap in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses.
1. That's ____ book on the table. (I)
2. Peter asked ____ sister to the dance. (Jane)
3. We bought ____ book last week. (Alex Smith)
4. ____ color is red. (The car)
5. Would you like to buy ____ cookies? (My friends and I)
6. Peter picked up ____ lunch and left for school. (Peter)
7. Alison asked ____ questions because they couldn't come. (Mary and Frank)
8. I think ____ idea is crazy! (You)
9. I'd like to hear ____ opinion. (Susan)
10. She works for ____ company. (John)

Exercise 4
Use a possessive pronoun in the gap in each sentence based on the word(s) in parentheses.
1. The book is ____. (John)
2. I think we should go in ____. (The boy's car)
3. That house is ____. (Kathy)
4. Do you hear the telephone? I think it's ____. (my telephone)
5. I'm sure it's ____. (the computer that belongs to my sister and me)
6. Look at that car. It's ____. (Mary and Peter)
7. That dog over there is ____. (Henry)
8. Those bicycles are ____. (Jack and Peter)
9. No, that one is ____. (you)
10. Yes, that one is ____. (I)

Go to the next page for the answers to these exercises.

2
Teacher-Created Worksheets Level: Beginning Basic English Grammar: Ch. 14

QUIZ 6A: Indefinite Pronouns

Complete the sentences with anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, no one, or nobody.

1. ________________ is more important than love and good health.

2. ________________ knows the new teacher.
3. Does ________________ in 4thA have the new grammar book? ________________ in 4thB has it.
4. A: Do you want ________________ to drink?
B: Yes, bring me soda pop please. Thank you.
A: OK. But give me money because I have ________________ today.
5. Carlos doesn’t have friends at school because he doesn’t know ______________. Let’s play with him.
6. At school, ________________ likes the vegetable salad. It’s horrible!
7. Where are my things? I have _______________ on my desk! Is ________________ taking my things?
8. I know ______________ about the new science guide. I'm lost. Do you know ____________ about it?
9. ________________ is playing in recess. The director is talking to all the students.
10. Mary isn’t going to buy ________________ for her mom. That's sad!
11.I don't like to go to my grandma's house because I know _________________ to play in the park with.
th th
12. ________________ in 4 A is going to go to Alex's party because he has friends only in 4 B.

QUIZ 6B: Indefinite Pronouns

Complete the sentences with anything, nothing, anyone, anybody, no one, or nobody.

1. We understand ________________ about math. We're lost. ________________ understands the new
teacher.
2. There isn’t _______________ on the teacher’s desk. He puts ________________ on it. Everything is
in his bag.
3. ________________ likes to have a difficult class in the afternoon because we are tired and don’t
understand ________________.
4. Does _______________ have colors or markers? I have ____________ in my pencil case. It's empty.
5. Don’t worry. Your secret is safe with me. I don’t tell your secrets to ______________. In other words,
________________ knows your secrets.
6. The bank is closed on Sundays. ________________ works on weekends.
7. Julian has ________________ in his locker. He isn’t going to keep ________________ in there
because he doesn’t like it.
8. Do you know ________________ from USA or Europe in our school? I know ________________.
9. Talking about astronomy, I think I’m an ignorant. I know ________________ about it.

Quiz 6A, 6B: Indefinite Pronouns Page 1 of 1

Contributed by Keith Pluas, Colegio La Quinta del Puente
 ENGLISH GRAMMAR Singular and plural nouns

SINGULAR & PLURAL NOUNS

REGULAR PLURALS

We normally form plural nouns by adding -s to the singular noun.

book > books
car > cars
student > students

We add -es if the singular noun ends in -s , -sh, -ch or -x.

bus > buses
dish > dishes
church > churches
box > boxes

Some nouns ending in -o add -es to form the plural::

tomato > tomatoes
potato > potatoes
hero > heroes

Other nouns ending in -o, add -s only:

piano > pianos
radio > radios

Nouns ending in consonant + -y, change the -y into -i and add -ies:
city > cities
baby > babies
family > families
country > countries

Alfonso López Rodríguez www.alfonsolopez.es

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR Singular and plural nouns

IRREGULAR PLURALS

Most nouns ending in -f or -fe take away the -f/-fe and add -ves.
half > halves wife > wives
finish > finished life > lives
thief > thieves knife > knives

Some nouns do not add -s or -es in the plural:

man > men
woman > women
child > children
person > people
tooth > teeth
foot > feet
mouse > mice
sheep > sheep
fish > fish

Alfonso López Rodríguez www.alfonsolopez.es

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR Singular and plural nouns

๏ EXERCISES

1.- PLURALS.
Write the plurals of these words:

1. CHAIR ______________ 2. CUP _______________

3. GLASS _______________ 4. BOOK _______________

5. WATCH _______________ 6. FLAT _______________
7. PEN _______________ 8. BED _______________
9. DOG _______________ 10. ROOM _______________
11. KNIFE _______________ 12. DISH _______________
13. CITY _______________ 14. OFFICE _______________
15. DESK _______________ 16. BOX _______________
17. CHURCH _______________ 18. WIFE _______________
19. FOX _______________ 20. KISS _______________

2.- P A R T S O F T H E B O D Y :
Write the plural of these parts of the body:

1. EYE ______________ 2. LEG _______________

3. FOOT _______________ 4. HAND _______________
5. EAR _______________ 6. ARM _______________
7. TOOTH _______________ 8. KNEE _______________
9. FINGER _______________ 10. HEAD _______________

Alfonso López Rodríguez www.alfonsolopez.es

 ENGLISH GRAMMAR Singular and plural nouns

3.- A N I M A L S :
Write the plural of these animals:

1. HORSE ______________ 2. ZEBRA _______________

3. MOUSE _______________ 4. LION _______________
5. CAT _______________ 6. GOLDFISH _______________
7. TURTLE _______________ 8. SHEEP _______________
9. FOX _______________ 10. WHALE _______________

4.- PLURALS.
Tick () the correct plural forms and cross out () the wrong ones.

knives  tooths matches wishes

matchs  citys cities men

countries potatoes teeth familys

dishs tomatos mouses wifes

wives potatos countrys tomatoes

mans nice knifes families

5.- PLURALS.
Complete the sentences with the plurals of the nouns in brackets.
1. I like ________________________ and _________________ .(orange/apple/peach/strawberry)

2. They have got four _______________, two ____________ and two _________ . (child / girl / boy)

3. When he fell over, he broke two of his _________________ . (tooth)

4. Do you know those _________________ over there?. (person)

5. We have got some _________________ and _________________, but we haven´t got any

_________________. (egg / tomato / potato)

Alfonso López Rodríguez www.alfonsolopez.es