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Community Based Rehabilitation

In partial fulfilment for the subject:

Correctional Administration 2

B.S CRIMINOLOGY

Submitted By: Qayes Wael M. Al-Quqa

Submitted To: Prof. Nestor Alegado

March 2019
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INTRODUCTION

Community Based Rehabilitation or corrections is a sanction in which are

imposed on convicted people in order for them to go to the community to be

rehabilitated, these sanctions are enforced by agencies with legal authority of such

convicted person/s. The most common type of community based rehabilitation or

corrections are parole and probation, parole is granted to people who had served the

minimum sentence of their imposed penalty, while probation are applicable to first time

offenders. This type of corrections both helps institutional and non-institutional

corrections. It helps institutional corrections because It lessens the population of the

prison in which is currently overcrowded and the funds that the government is currently

giving is not enough to keep the overcrowded place in good condition, and by non-

institutional, it helps the government since it is a cheap method of both monitoring and

rehabilitating the convicted person. The Parole and Probation Administration, Board of

Pardons and Parole, and for juvenile delinquents Department of Social Welfare

Development are responsible for supervising and rehabilitating for those who are

currently under their authority, the PPA is currently under by the Department of Justice.

The goal of the PPA is to provide a less costly alternative to imprisonment of first-time

offenders who are likely to respond to individualize community-based treatment

programs. The Board of Pardons and Parole is an agency which is under by office of

the Secretary of Justice it has the same rehabilitation system from PPA but has different

qualifications. And lastly the Department of Social Welfare is the rehabilitation center for

the minorities of what are so called “Children in Conflict with the Law” or minors and

women who are abused, old citizens, and poor families.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Agency observing the parolee and probationer/s………………………………………4

Therapeutic Community……………………………………………………………………..5

Restorative Justice…………………………………………………………………………..10

Volunteer Probation Aides………………………………………………………………….15

Department of Social Welfare and Development……………………………………….17

Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………...21

References…………………………………………………………………………………….22
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Agency observing the parolee and probationer/s

Logo of the Parole and Probation Administration

aADministration

Parole and Probation Administration

The Parole and Probation Administration is an agency which have multiple

services for community based rehabilitation, by utilizing its functions it helps both

institutional and non-institutional correction system. There are various services the PPA

(Parole and Probation Administration) provides such as: Post-sentence investigation,

Pre-Parole/Executive Clemency investigation, Supervision of Offenders, Suspended

Sentence Investigation, Voluntary Confinement, and Release on Recognizance

Supervision. The Board of Pardons and Parole is under the Department of Justice

specifically the office of the Secretary of Justice, and the Department of Social Welfare

and Development are focused more on the minors.

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Therapeutic Community

I. Objectives

To effect the rehabilitation and reintegration of probationers, parolees,

pardonees, and first-time minor drug offenders as productive, law-abiding and socially

responsible members of the community through

1. Well-planned supervision programs for probationers, parolees,

pardonees, and first-time minor drug offenders which are aligned to

national program thrusts of the government, such as, the Sariling-

Sikap, Jail Decongestion, etc.

2. Establishment of innovative and financially and technically feasible

projects for the moral, spiritual and economic upliftment of

probationers, parolees, pardonees, and first-time minor drug

offenders utilizing available community resources.

II. Scope and Beneficiaries:

The Administration has adopted a harmonized and integrated treatment

program for these clients to affect their rehabilitation. This harmonized and

integrated program involves (1) The Therapeutic Community Modality (2) The

Restorative Justice Principles and Concepts and (3) the Use of Volunteer

Probation Aides (VPAs).

The Therapeutic Community Modality is a self-help social learning treatment

model used for clients with problems of drug abuse and other behavioral problems such

as alcoholism, stealing, and other anti-social tendencies. As a treatment model, it

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includes four (4) categories, namely, behaviour management, intellectual/spiritual

aspect, emotional and social aspects, and vocational/survival aspects.

In this regard, the Therapeutic Community Modality provides a well-defined

structure for a synchronized and focused implementation of the various intervention

strategies/activities undertaken by the Agency such as:

1. Individual and group counselling

This activity intends to assist the clients in trying to sort out their problems,

identify solutions, reconcile conflicts and help resolve them. This could be done either

by individual or group interaction with the officers of the Agency.

2. Moral, Spiritual, Values Formation

Seminars, lectures or trainings offered or arranged by the Agency comprise

these rehabilitation activities. Active NGOs, schools, civic and religious organizations

are tapped to facilitate the activities.

3. Work or Job Placement/Referral

Categorized as an informal program wherein a client is referred for work or job

placement through the officer’s own personal effort, contact or information.

4. Vocational/Livelihood and Skills Training

The program includes the setting up of seminars and skills training classes like

food preservation and processing, candle making, novelty items and handicrafts

making, etc., to help the clients earn extra income. Likewise, vocational and technical

trade classes are availed of such as refrigeration, automotive mechanic, radio/television

and electronics repairs, tailoring, dressmaking, basic computer training, etc. through

coordination with local barangays, parish centers, schools and civic organizations.
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5. Health, Mental and Medical Services

To address some of the basic needs of clients and their families, medical

missions are organized to provide various forms of medical and health services

including physical examination and treatment, free medicines and vitamins, dental

examination and treatment, drug dependency test and laboratory examination.

Psychological testing and evaluation as well as psychiatric treatment are likewise

provided for by the Agency’s Clinical Services Division and if not possible by reason of

distance, referrals are made to other government accredited institutions.

6. Literacy and Education

In coordination with LGU programs, adult education classes are availed of to help

clients learn basic writing, reading and arithmetic. Likewise, literacy teach-ins during any

sessions conducted for clients become part of the module. This is particularly intended

for clients who are “no read, no write” to help them become functionally literate.

Likewise, linkages with educational Foundation, other GOs and NGOs are regularly

done for free school supplies, bags and uniform for client’s children and relatives.

7. Community Service

This program refers to the services in the community rendered by clients for the

benefit of society. It includes tree planting, beautification drives, cleaning and greening

of surroundings, maintenance of public parks and places, garbage collection, blood

donation and similar socio-civic activities.

8. Client Self-Help Organization

This program takes the form of cooperatives and client associations wherein the

clients form cooperatives and associations as an economic group to venture on small-

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scale projects. Similarly, client associations serve another purpose by providing some

structure to the lives of clients where they re-learn the basics of working within a group

with hierarchy, authority and responsibility much like in the bigger society.

9. Payment of Civil Liability

The payments of civil liability or indemnification to victims of offenders are

pursued despite the economic status of clients. Payment of obligations to the victims

instils in the minds of the clients their responsibility and the consequences of the harm

they inflicted to others.

10. Environment and Ecology

To instil awareness and concern in preserving ecological balance and

environmental health, seminars/lectures are conducted wherein clients participate.

These seminars/lectures tackle anti-smoke belching campaign, organic farming, waste

management, segregation and disposal and proper care of the environment.

11. Sports and Physical Fitness

Activities that provide physical exertion like sports, games and group play are

conducted to enhance the physical well-being of clients. Friendly competitions of clients

from the various offices of the sectors, together with the officers, provide an enjoyable

and healthful respite.

Considering that it is in the community that the rehabilitation of clients takes

place, the utilization of therapeutic community treatment model coupled with the

principles of restorative justice would be further energized with the recruitment, training

and deployment of Volunteer Probation Aides (VPAs). The VPA program is a strategy to

generate maximum participation of the citizens in the community-based program of

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probation and parole. Through the VPAs, the substance of restorative justice is pursued

with deeper meaning since the VPAs are residents of the same community where the

clients they supervise reside. Thus, it is practicable for the volunteers to solicit support

for clients’ needs and assist the field officers in supervising the probationers, parolees,

and pardonees.

The Therapeutic Community treatment modality, Restorative Justice paradigm

and deployment of VPAs integrated into one rehabilitation program have yielded

tremendous outcome in the rehabilitation and reformation of probationers, parolees,

pardonees, and first-time minor drug offenders.

Furthermore, the Agency believes that the client’s family is a major part or

support in the rehabilitation process, thus the Administration adopts the Integrated Allied

Social Services program to address the needs of the children and other minor

dependent of the clients. Under the said program, interventions relative to the growth

and development of the minor dependents are done to help them become productive,

law abiding and effective individuals

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Restorative Justice

To highlight the principles of restorative justice, offenders are recognized to

indemnify victims and render community services to facilitate the healing of the broken

relationship caused by offending the concerned parties. Mediation and conferencing are

also utilized in special cases to mend and/or restore clients’ relationship with their victim

and the community. Restorative Justice (RJ) is a process through which remorseful

offenders accept responsibility for their misconduct to those injured and to the

community which, in response, allows the reintegration of the offender into the said

community. RJ treats crime as a violation of people and relationships. It creates an

obligation to make things right through proactive involvement of victims; ownership of

the crime by the offender and participation of the community in search for solutions

which promote repair, reconciliation and reassurance

Restorative Justice is a process through which remorseful offenders accept

responsibility for their misconduct, particularly to their victims and to the community. It

creates obligation to make things right through proactive involvement of victims,

ownership of the offender of the crime and the community in search for solutions which

promote repair, reconciliation and reassurance. Thus, the restorative justice process is

actively participated in by the victim, the offender, and/or any individual or community

member affected by the crime to resolve conflicts resulting from the criminal offense,

often with the help of a fair and impartial third party. Examples of restorative process

include mediation, conferencing, sentencing/support circle and the like. The restorative

outcome is the agreement obtained as a product of a restorative justice process.

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I. Goals of Restorative Justice

The goal of RJ is to repair the harm. The criminal justice professional

applying the philosophy needs to understand the impact of crime on the victims,

and the latter’s family and future. By helping the victim the system can: Scope

and Beneficiaries: Exert efforts to appropriately respond to the victim’s harm;

accordingly hold offenders accountable; m Reduce the victimization of the victim

again; m Improve active involvement and cooperation of the victim; and m

Protect and empower victims.

II. Peace-making Encounter

Peace-making Encounter is a community-based gathering that brings the

victim, the victimized community, and the offender together. It supports the

healing process of the victims by providing a safe and controlled setting for them

to meet and speak with the offender on a confidential and strictly voluntary basis.

It also allows the offender to learn about the impact of the crime to the victim and

his/her family, and to take direct responsibility for his/her behaviour. Likewise, it

provides a chance for the victim and the offender to forge a mutually acceptable

plan that addresses the harm caused by the crime.

As a community-based decision model, the Agency Peace-making Encounter is being

implemented through the following processes:

1. Victim/Offender Mediation

A process that provides an interested victim an opportunity to meet face-

to-face his/her offender in a secured and structured setting or atmosphere, with

the help of a trained mediator, and engage in a discussion of the past offense
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and its impact to his/her life. Its goal is to support the healing process of the

victim and allow the offender to learn the impact of his/her offense on the victim’s

physical, emotional and financial existence, and take direct responsibility for

his/her behavior by mutually developing a Restorative Justice plan that

addresses the harm caused by the said offense.

2. Conferencing

A process which involves community of people most affected by the crime

the victim and the offender and their families, the affected community members

and trained facilitators and community strength – in a restorative discussion of

issues and problems arising from an offense or coincidence which affects

community relationship and tranquillity. Facilitated by a trained facilitator, the

above parties are gathered at their own volition to discuss how they and others

have been harmed by the offense or conflict, and how that harm may be repaired

and broken relationship may be restored.

3. Circle of Support

A community directed process organized by the field office and

participated in by the clients, the Volunteer Probation Aides (VPAs) and selected

members of the community in the discussion of the offense and its impact. Within

the circle, people freely speak from the heart in a shared search for

understanding the incident, and together identify the steps necessary to assist in

the reconciliation and healing of all affected parties and prevent future crime or

conflict.
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In the Agency, the circle of support is facilitated by trained Probation and Parole

Officers, Volunteer Probation Aides or selected community leaders who offered their

services free of charge to serve as facilitator or keeper.

In implementing this process, the probation and parole officer should be the

facilitator who is sensitive to the needs of the victim. Likewise, the probation and parole

officer should exert effort to protect the safety and interest of the victim.

III. Result of Restorative Justice

A. Restitution

Restitution is a process upon which the offender accepts accountability for

the financial and/or non-financial losses he/she may have caused to the victim.

Restitution is a “core” victim’s right which is very crucial in assisting the

redirection of the victim’s life. Part of the conditions of probation as imposed by

the Court is the payment of civil liability to indemnify the victim of the offender,

and to inculcate to the offender a sense of responsibility and obligation towards

the community.

Consequently, the probation and parole officer should see to it that the offender

complies with this condition.

B. Community Work Service

Community Work Service, whether imposed as a condition of offender’s

conditional liberty or integral part of his treatment plan, should be purposely motivated

to make the offender realize that he/she incurred an obligation to make things right. In

its application, the offender can be subjected to perform work service measures,

including, but not limited to any of the following:

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1. Mentoring and Intergenerational Service

Offenders will develop their nurturing needs thru caring for other people;

example: with senior citizens, with orphanages, or with street children.

2. Economic Development

to link directly with the business project; examples: cleaning downtown

area, tree planting, maintenance of business zones, housing restoration, garbage

and waste management, cleaning of esteros, recycling, construction, repair of

streets, and the like.

3. Citizenship and Civic participation

Experiential activities which involve solving community problems;

examples: puppet shows that showcase values, street dramas, peer counseling.

4. Helping the Disadvantaged

this will enhance offender’s self esteem; examples: assist handicapped,

assist in soup kitchen, tutor peers, and visit the aged in jail and hospitals.
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Volunteer Probation Aides

Slogan of the VPA

Volunteerism is a program of the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)

aimed at generating maximum, effective and efficient citizen participation and

community involvement in the process of client rehabilitation, prevention of crime and

the overall administration of criminal justice.

It is a strategy by which the Parole and Probation Administration may be able to generate

maximum citizen participation or community involvement. Citizens of good standing in the community

may volunteer to assist the probation and parole officers in the supervision of a number of

probationers, parolees and conditional pardonees in their respective communities. Since they reside in

the same community as the client, they are able to usher the reformation and rehabilitation of the

clients hands-on.

Probation and parole, as community-based treatment programs, depend on

available resources in the community for the rehabilitation of offenders. Thus, the
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Administration, recognizing the important role of the community as a rehabilitation

agent, involves the community in probation and parole work through the use of

volunteer workers and welfare agencies.

The use of volunteer workers in probation and parole is worth adopting because

it opens new fields for community involvement in corrections and for training youth

leaders, barangay organizations, and civic groups in social development work. The use

of volunteers will also make it possible for the correctional system to exercise

supervision of offenders at less cost to the government.

All those drug dependents that are discharged as rehabilitated by the

Department of Health Accredited Center through the voluntary submission program, but

do not qualify for exemption from criminal liability under Section 55 of Republic Act No.

9165.

In collaboration with the PPO, the VPA helps pave the way for the offender, victim and

community to each heal from the harm resulting from the crime done. They can initiate a circle of

support for clients and victims to prevent further crimes, thereby be participants in nation-building
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Department of Social Welfare and Development

Logo of the DSWD

The Department of Social Welfare and Development is responsible for the

rehabilitation for the minorities within the Philippines. Generally the Department of Social

Welfare and Development is focused on family planning on families that are experiencing

poverty so that the family especially the child shall be guided of the correct path that they need

to take. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)'s programs are geared

towards promoting the rights and welfare of the poor and marginalized for an improved

quality of life. For the past 54 years, the DSWD's roles and functions have expanded.

Executive Order No.15, signed by President Joseph Ejercito Estrada on August 20,

1998, redirected the functions and operations of the Department from direct service

provider to technical assistance Executive Order 15 was amended by Executive Order 221,

mandating DSWD to implement statutory and specialized programs directly lodged with

the Department and those not yet devolved to local government units in addition to its

steering and technical assistance functions.

I. Mission and Vision

A. Mission

To provide social protection and promote the rights and welfare of the poor,

vulnerable and the disadvantaged individual, family and community to contribute to poverty
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alleviation and empowerment through social welfare and development policies,

programs, projects and services implemented with or through local government units,

non-government organizations, people's organizations, other government offices and

other members of civil society.

B. Vision

A society where the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged families and

communities are empowered to an improved quality of life.

II. Mandate

To provide assistance to local government units, non-government

agencies, people's organizations and other members of civil society in effectively

implementing programs, projects and services that will alleviate poverty and

empower disadvantaged individuals families and communities for an improved

quality of life as well as implement statutory and specialized programs which are

directly lodged with the Department and not yet devolved to the local government

units

III. Functions

As the lead agency in social welfare and development, the Department

exercise the following functions:

 Formulates policies and plans which provide direction to intermediaries and other

implementers in the development and delivery of social welfare and development

services;
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 Develops and enriches existing programs and services for specific groups, such

as children and youth, women, family and communities, solo parents, older

persons and PWDs

 Provides social protection of the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged sector.

DSWD also gives augmentation funds to local government units so

these could deliver social welfare and development (SWD) services to

depressed municipalities and barangays and provide protective

services to individuals, families and communities in crisis situations.

IV. Target Beneficiaries

1. Children and Youth in Need of Special Protection - This sector

includes abandoned and neglected children, working children, street

children, victims of commercial sexual exploitation, abused children,

displaced children, children in conflict with the law, children with

disabilities and children of indigenous cultural communities. This group

also includes children traveling abroad and children involved in armed

conflict.

2. Women in especially difficult circumstances - This sector includes

women 18-59 years old who are disadvantaged or marginalized, victims of

illegal recruitment, involuntary prostitution, armed conflict, battering and

abuse, as well as women in detention.

3. Older Persons - This sector includes persons 60 years old and above

who need assistance to cope with and cushion the social and economic

impact of the ageing process.

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4. Poor and Disadvantaged Families - This sector includes Filipino families

living below the poverty level w/limited or no access to life's basic

needs such as , food , clothing ,shelter , health services ,facilities

,educational services and livelihood opportunities.

V. Community-Based Services

1. Self-Employment Assistance-Kaunlaran(SEA-K) - This is a capability-

building program implemented in partnership with the local government

units which aims to enhance the socio-economic skills of poor families

through the organization of community -based associations for

entrepreneurial development.

2. Child-Care and Placement Services - This includes services that provide

alternative parental care to children in especially difficult circumstances

whose parents are unable to provide for their basic needs ,temporarily or

permanently, because of problems in family relationships, illness, extreme

poverty, lack of parenting preparation, and lack of family support.

3. Child Protective Service - It is a set of programs and services designed

to prevent abuse and exploitation among children or to provide treatment

and rehabilitation to victims and survivors of abuse and exploitation.

4. Travel Clearance for Minors - This is a measure designed to prevent the

occurrence of child trafficking, wherein Filipino children traveling abroad

are assessed and provided travel clearances by DSWD

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Conclusions

The community based rehabilitation is a great means of correcting a person from

wrong to right, since it gives the setting of correcting a person within the community; it

lets him/her feel that they are part of that community; it gives them many ways of being

much more in relation that both helps the person and the community by making it a

better place, by making it that each and every person has a place in society and to the

community. Also, the community based rehabilitation isn’t limited to persons of who are

convicted by final judgment but those who are: abused children and women, person

with disability, old people, and the family of who grew in poverty. Currently the funding

of the government to those community based rehabilitation agency is still lacking there

are many families of who needs supervision and so as their children, if not being

supervised, the child may resort to commit crime as a living, because as we know it lack

of proper guidance and poverty are one of the cause of resorting to commit a crime.

There are a broad number of methods of rehabilitating a person especially to those of

who are drug offenders as of our current President Rodrigo Duterte gives them a

chance of redeeming the proper path to the way of life, but sadly it seems the vast

majority are still committing the drug related crimes in which seems that community

based rehabilitation doesn’t always work on people who commit drug related crimes.

Finally, there must be new rehabilitation agencies so that more and more families can

be assessed, for the past years the main community based rehabilitation agencies are

only Parole and Probation Administration and Department of Social Welfare and

Development, in which is still not enough to cover up the whole Philippines.

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References

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/87910114/DSWD-Programs-and-Services

https://www.scribd.com/doc/127328927/Research-Paper-in-Probation

https://www.dswd.gov.ph/

http://probation.gov.ph/correction-rehabilitation/

http://probation.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Voluntary_Confinement.pdf

http://probation.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Restorative-Justice.pdf

http://probation.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TC_Primer.pdf