TikZ Tutorial

KSETA Doktorandenworkshop 2014

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt | July 21, 2014

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and www.kit.edu

National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association
 Outline

What is Tikz?
Tikz Commands
Exercises
Outlook: Potential of Tikz
Fancy Examples

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 2/37
 What is TikZ?

Language for creating vector graphics in LATEX

TikZ = TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm
Same author as the Beamer class
√ √ √
√ 68 67 66 √65 √
√ 69
70 64 √
√ 63
71 √
√ 62
72 √
√ 61
73
√ √
74 √ √ 60
√ 26 25 √ √
√ √ 27 24 √ 59
75 28 23
√ √ √
√ 29 22
76 58
√ √
√ 30 21 √
77 57
√ √
31 √ 20 √
√ √
78 √ 4 56
√ 5 3 √
32 √ 19 √
√ √ 2
79 6 55
√ √
33 √ 18
√ √ √
80 7 1 54
√ √
34 17 √
√ √
81 8 √ 53
√
35 16
√ √ √
82 9 √ 52
√ 15
36 √ √ √
√ 10 √ 14 51
√
83 √ 11 √ 13
37 12 √
√ 50
84 √
38 √
√ √ 49
85 39 √
√ 48
√ 40 √ √
86 √ 47
41 √ √ 46
√ 42 √43 √ 45
87 44

Source: http://www.texample.net

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Why using TikZ?

Single Design Among the Document

One Design Flow
More versatile Image Scaling
Math Environment within Graphics
Automatic Graph Generation (Loops)
combined with LATEX-Beamer class: graphics for presentations

But be warned! It is not easy to learn.

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Scaling Effects

Raster Graphic (JPG) Vector Graphic (PDF) TikZ

sin(x) sin(x )

x x

sin(x) sin(x )

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Math Environment

A fancy title eo rem

t’s Last Th
Ferma t
tes tha
To calculate the horizontal position rem sta
t’s La st Theo
the kinematic differential equations Ferma n
n = z
are needed: x +y
n
r
tions fo
er solu
ṅ = u cos ψ − v sin ψ (1)
on -z ero integ
n
ė = u sin ψ + v cos ψ (2) has no en n >
2.
d z wh
♣ x , y an
For small angles the following ap-
proximation can be used:

ṅ = u − v δψ (3)
ė = u δψ + v (4)

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 6/37
 Loops
Layer 0 Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3

Pattern1 word FF word FF word FF word FF

Pattern2 word FF word FF word FF word FF

Output Bus
Pattern3 word FF word FF word FF word FF

Pattern4 word FF word FF word FF word FF

matchline

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 7/37
 Setting up the Environment in LATEX

\ documentclass { standalone }

\ usepackage { tikz }
\ us etikzlib rary { ... }

\ begin { document }

\ begin { tikzpicture }
% TikZ c o m m a n d s go here
\ end { tikzpicture }

\ end { document }

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 The \draw Command

\ draw (0 ,0) -- (1 ,1);

\ draw (0 ,0) rectangle (1 ,1);

\ draw (0 ,0) circle (0.5);

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Coordinates
Cartesian Coordinates (x,y)
\ draw [ blue ] (0 ,0) -- (2 ,1);

Polar coordinates (angle:radius)

\ draw [ blue ] (0 ,0) -- (45:1.7);

Relative Coordinates ++(rel x,rel y)

\ draw [ blue ] (0 ,0) -- ++(0.5 ,0.5) -- ++(1 ,0)
-- ++(0.5 ,0.5);

Define Coordinates
\ coordinate (A) at (0 ,0);
\ coordinate (B) at (1 ,1);
\ coordinate (C) at (2 ,0);
\ draw [ blue ] (A) -- ( B ) -- ( C );

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 The \node Command

A node is typically a rectangle or circle or another simple shape with some

text on it
\ node [ rectangle , fill = green ]( rect ) { Rectangle }; Rectangle

Node positioning
Rectangle

\ node [ rectangle , fill = green ]( rect ){ Rectangle };

\ node [ circle , fill = purple , below = of rect ]( circ ){ Circle };
Circle

Connect nodes with lines

Rectangle
\ node [ rectangle , fill = green ]( rect ){ Rectangle };
\ node [ circle , fill = purple , below = of rect ]( circ ){ Circle };
\ draw [ - >] ( rect ) -- ( circ ); Circle

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Style Definitions

Styles are defined by [] behind a command

\ draw [ red , very thick , dashed ] (0 ,0) -- (1 ,0.1);

Styles can be named and defined locally or globally

\ tikzset { my style /. style ={ tikz options }}
\ tikzstyle { my style }=[ tikz options ] % deprecated

example
\ tikzset { my dot /. style ={ blue , fill = green , thick }}
\ draw [ my dot ] (0 ,0) circle (0.2);
\ draw [ my dot ] (0.1 ,0.6) circle (0.2);
\ draw [ my dot , fill = red ] (0.8 ,0.2) circle (0.2);

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

wake up

yes
tired?

no

start the day drink coffee

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 13/37
 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ tikzset { start /. style ={ circle , minimum width =0.3 cm ,

minimum height =0.3 cm , draw , fill }}
\ node [ start ] ( start ) {};

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ tikzset { activity /. style ={ rectangle , minimum width =1 cm ,

minimum height =0.5 cm , rounded corners =5 pt , draw }}
\ node [ activity , below of = start ] ( action 1) { wake up };

wake up

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ tikzset { decision /. style ={ diamond , minimum width =1 cm ,

minimum height =1 cm , draw }}
\ node [ decision , below = of action 1]( decision 1){ tired ?};

wake up

tired?

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ node [ activity , below = of decision 1] ( action 2) { start the day };

\ node [ activity , right = of action 2] ( action 3) { drink coffee };

wake up

tired?

start the day drink coffee

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ tikzset { end /. style ={ draw , double = white , circle ,

inner sep =1 pt , minimum width =0.3 cm , minimum height =0.3 cm
\ node [ end , below of = action 2]( end ){};

wake up

tired?

start the day drink coffee

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 18/37
 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ draw [ - >]( start ) -- ( action 1);

\ draw [ - >]( action 1) -- ( decision 1);
\ draw [ - >]( action 3) -- ( action 2);
\ draw [ - >]( action 2) -- ( end );

wake up

tired?

start the day drink coffee

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 19/37
 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram

\ draw [ - >]( decision 1) -- node [ left , very near start ]{ no } ( action 2);
\ draw [ - >]( decision 1) -| node [ above , very near start ]{ yes } ( action 3)

wake up

yes
tired?

no

start the day drink coffee

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 20/37
 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram -
Solution I
% \ u s e t i k z l i b r a r y { shapes }
\ begin { tikzpicture }

\ tikzset { activity /. style ={ rectangle , minimum width =1 cm , minimum height

\ tikzset { decision /. style ={ diamond , minimum width =1 cm , minimum height =1
\ tikzset { end /. style ={ draw , double = white , circle , inner sep =1 pt , minimum
\ tikzset { start /. style ={ circle , minimum width =0.3 cm , minimum height =0.3

\ node [ start ] ( start ) {};

\ node [ activity , below of = start ] ( action 1) { wake up };
\ node [ decision , below = of action 1]( decision 1){ tired ?};
\ node [ activity , below = of decision 1] ( action 2) { start the day };
\ node [ activity , right = of action 2] ( action 3) { drink coffee };
\ node [ end , below of = action 2]( end ){};

\ draw [ - >]( start ) -- ( action 1);

\ draw [ - >]( action 1) -- ( decision 1);
\ draw [ - >]( decision 1) -- node [ left , very near start ]{ no } ( action 2);
\ draw [ - >]( decision 1) -| node [ above , very near start ]{ yes } ( action 3)

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Exercise 1: UML Activity Diagram -
Solution II

\ draw [ - >]( action 3) -- ( action 2);

\ draw [ - >]( action 2) -- ( end );

\ end { tikzpicture }

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

Christian Amstutz, Tanja Harbaum, Ewa Holt – TikZ Tutorial July 21, 2014 22/37
 Exercise 2: p-p collision

p e+

p
n

p ν

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Exercise 2: p-p collision - Solution I

\ begin { tikzpicture }[ scale =0.7 , transform shape ]

\ tikzset { proton /. style ={ circle , black , thick , fill = red ,
minimum width =1.5 cm , minimum height =1.5 cm , draw }}
\ tikzset { neutron /. style ={ circle , black , thick , fill = gray ,
minimum width =1.5 cm , minimum height =1.5 cm , draw }}
\ tikzset { collision /. style ={ star , star points =8 ,
star point ratio =0.2 , black , thick , fill = yellow ,
minimum width =0.5 cm , minimum height =0.5 cm , draw }}
\ tikzset { neutrino /. style ={ circle , black , thick , fill = blue ,
minimum width =0.8 cm , minimum height =0.8 cm , draw }}
\ tikzset { positron /. style ={ circle , black , thick , fill = yellow ,
minimum width =1.2 cm , minimum height =1.2 cm , draw }}
\ tikzset { myarrow /. style ={ - latex , shorten >=0.5 cm , shorten <=0.5 cm ,
very thick }}

\ node [ proton ] ( proton 1) {};

\ node [ font =\ Huge ] {\ textbf { p }};
\ node [ proton , below = 5 cm ] ( proton 2) {};
\ node [ font =\ Huge ] at ( proton 2) {\ textbf { p }};
\ node [ collision , below right = 2.125 cm and 4 cm of proton 1]

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 Exercise 2: p-p collision - Solution II

( collision 1) {};
\ node [ positron , right = 8 cm of proton 1] ( positron 1) {};
\ node [ font =\ Huge ] at ( positron 1) {\ textbf { e $^+$}};
\ node [ neutrino , right = 8 cm of proton 2] ( neutrino 1) {};
\ node [ font =\ Huge ] at ( neutrino 1) {\ textbf {$\ nu $}};
\ node [ proton , below right = 1.25 cm and 10 cm of proton 1]
( proton 3) {};
\ node [ font =\ Huge ] at ( proton 3) {\ textbf { p }};
\ node [ neutron , below of = proton 3] ( neutron 1) {};
\ node [ font =\ Huge ] at ( neutron 1) {\ textbf { n }};

\ draw [ myarrow ] ( proton 1) -- ( collision 1);

\ draw [ myarrow ] ( proton 2) -- ( collision 1);
\ draw [ myarrow ] ( collision 1) -- ( positron 1);
\ draw [ myarrow ] ( collision 1) -- ( neutrino 1);
\ draw [ myarrow ] ( collision 1) -- ( proton 3. south west );
\ end { tikzpicture }

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 Feynman Diagram

W
q q
q q

g
q q

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Feynman Diagram - Code I

\ begin { tikzpicture }[ xscale =0.5 , yscale =0.5]

\ draw [ help lines ] (0 ,0) grid (10 ,10);
\ draw [ thick ] (0.5 ,5) -- (3.5 ,8);
\ draw [ - latex , thick ] (1.5 ,6) -- (2 ,6.5);
\ node [ above ] at (2 ,6.5){ q };
\ draw [ fill ] (3.5 ,8) circle [ radius =0.1];
\ draw [ domain =3.5:6.5 , thick , samples =200] plot (\ x ,{8+0.1* sin (1
\ node [ above ] at (5 ,8){ W };
\ draw [ fill ] (6.5 ,8) circle [ radius =0.1];
\ draw [ thick ] (6.5 ,8) -- (9.5 ,5);
\ draw [ - latex , thick ] (7.5 ,7) -- (8 ,6.5);
\ node [ above ] at (8 ,6.5){ q };
\ draw [ thick , decoration ={ markings , mark = at position 0.6 with {\ ar
(3.5 ,8) to [ out = -90 , in =160] (5 ,5);
\ node [ left ] at (3.7 ,6.5){ q };
\ draw [ thick , decoration ={ markings , mark = at position 0.5 with
(5 ,5) to [ out =20 , in =270] (6.5 ,8);
\ node [ right ] at (6.3 ,6.5){ q };
\ draw [ fill ] (5 ,5) circle [ radius =0.1];
\ draw [ domain =4:5 , thick , samples =200 , rotate =90] plot (\ x ,{ -5+0

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 Feynman Diagram - Code II

\ node [ right ] at (5 ,4.5){ g };

\ draw [ fill ] (5 ,4) circle [ radius =0.1];
\ draw [ thick ] (2 ,3) -- (5 ,4);
\ draw [ - latex , thick ] (2 ,3) -- (3.5 ,3.5);
\ node [ above ] at (3.5 ,3.5){ q };
\ draw [ thick ] (5 ,4) -- (8 ,3);
\ draw [ - latex , thick ] (5 ,4) -- (6.5 ,3.5);
\ node [ above ] at (6.5 ,3.5){ q };
\ end { tikzpicture }

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 Plotting Data
f (x )

5 f (x ) = 1 + 13 x 2

0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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 Plotting data - Code
\ begin { tikzpicture }[ domain =0.2:6]

\ draw [ - > , >= stealth ’] ( -0.2 ,0) -- (7 ,0) node [ right ] {$ x $};
\ draw [ - > , >= stealth ’] (0 , -0.2) -- (0 ,6) node [ above ] {$ f ( x )$};

\ foreach \ x in {0.5 ,1 ,1.5 ,2 ,2.5 ,3 ,3.5 ,4 ,4.5 ,5 ,5.5 ,6 ,6.5}

\ draw (\ x ,2 pt ) -- (\ x , -3 pt );
\ foreach \ x in {0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6}
\ node at (\ x , -6 pt ) [ anchor = north ] {\ footnotesize $\ x $};
\ foreach \ y /\ ytext in {0.5 ,1 ,1.5 ,2 ,2.5 ,3 ,3.5 ,4 ,4.5 ,5 ,5.5}
\ draw (2 pt ,\ y ) -- ( -3 pt ,\ y cm );
\ foreach \ y /\ ytext in {0 ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5}
\ node at ( -6 pt ,\ y ) [ anchor = east ] {\ footnotesize $\ ytext $};

\ draw plot [ only marks , mark =x , mark options ={ kit - blue 100 , thick }]
file { working _ material / measurement . dat };
\ draw [ color = kit - green 100] plot [ smooth ] (\ x , {1+ pow ((1/3)*\ x , 2)})
node [ right , xshift =6 mm ] {$ f ( x ) = 1+\ frac {1}{3} x ^{2}$};

\ end { tikzpicture }

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 Mind Map

algorithms

data
structures

theoretical Computer Science practical

pro-
gramming
languages

software
engineer-
ing

technical applied

databases

WWW

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 Mind Map - Code I

\ us etikzlib rary { mindmap , trees }

\ begin { tikzpicture }[ scale =0.5 , transform shape ]

\ path [ mindmap , concept color = black , text = white ]
node [ concept ] { Computer Science }
[ clockwise from =0]
child [ concept color = green !50! black ] {
node [ concept ] { practical }
[ clockwise from =90]
child { node [ concept ] { algorithms } }
child { node [ concept ] { data structures } }
child { node [ concept ] { pro \ - gramming languages } }
child { node [ concept ] { software engineer \ - ing } }
}
child [ concept color = blue ] {
node [ concept ] { applied }
[ clockwise from = -30]
child { node [ concept ] { databases } }
child { node [ concept ] { WWW } }
}

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 Mind Map - Code II

child [ concept color = red ] { node [ concept ] { technical } }

child [ concept color = orange ] { node [ concept ] { theoretical } };
\ end { tikzpicture }

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 Fancy Examples - Polarizing Microscope
z
y

Polarized light

oid ng0

Crystal section
lar np0
Po Polarized and
~
E dephased light

Polaroid
x

Source: http://www.texample.net

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 Fancy Examples - Dipolar magnetic field

B~θ
Sm
~r
B

Nm
B~θ
~r
B

Source: http://www.texample.net

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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 More information

Website with nice TikZ examples:

http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples

A very minimal introduction to TikZ - A short and good introduction:

http://cremeronline.com/LaTeX/minimaltikz.pdf

TikZ PGF Manual (Version 3.0) - great resource written in clear,

comprehensible language:
http://mirrors.ctan.org/graphics/pgf/base/doc/pgfmanual.pdf

TikZ Cheat Sheet - Short cheatsheet far from being complete:

http://home.snc.edu/andershendrickson/tex/TikZcheatsheet.pdf

This tutorial with all the sources:

https://github.com/camstutz/tikz tutorial

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 Thank you for your attention

TikZ Commands Exercises outlook Fancy Examples

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