Operating Manual For S230 Conductivity Meter
Operating Manual For S230 Conductivity Meter
Operating Manual For S230 Conductivity Meter
Mode d‘emploi
Instrucciones de manejo
SevenCompact™
S230 Conductivity meter
Español Français English
Table of contents
1 Introduction 5
2 Safety measures 6
3 Installation 8
3.1 Installing the electrode arm 8
3.2 Connecting a sensor 12
4 Operating the meter 13
4.1 Backside layout 13
4.1.1 Pin assignments RS232 connection 13
4.2 The display 14
4.3 Key controls 15
4.4 Using the softkeys 16
4.5 Selecting a measurement mode 16
4.6 Navigating between menus 16
4.7 Navigating within a menu 17
4.8 Using the alphanumeric keypad 17
4.8.1 Alphanumeric input 17
4.8.2 Entering IDs / PIN 18
4.8.3 Editing values in a table 18
4.9 Calibration 18
4.10 Sample measurements 19
4.11 Data transfer 19
4.12 Temperature compensation 20
5 Setup 21
5.1 Menu structure of setup 21
5.2 Sample ID 21
5.3 User ID 21
5.4 Stirrer 22
5.5 Data Transfer Settings 22
5.6 System settings 24
5.7 Service 25
5.8 Instrument self-test 26
6 Menus and settings 27
6.1 Menu structure of conductivity 27
6.2 Sensor ID/SN 27
6.3 Conductivity calibration settings 28
6.4 Conductivity measurement settings 29
6.5 Endpoint formats 31
6.6 Timed Interval Readings 32
6.7 Temperature settings 32
6.8 Measurement limits 32
Table of contents 3
7 Data management 33
7.1 Menu structure of data menu 33
7.2 Measurement data 33
7.3 Calibration data 34
7.4 ISM data 35
8 Maintenance 37
8.1 Meter maintenance 37
8.2 Disposal 37
8.3 Error messages 37
8.4 Error limits 40
9 Sensors, solutions and accessories 41
10 Specifications 42
11 Appendix 44
11.1 Temperature correction factors 44
11.2 Conductivity standards table 45
11.3 Examples of temperature coefficients (alpha-values) 45
11.4 Practical salinity scale (UNESCO 1978) 46
11.5 Conductivity to TDS conversion factors 46
11.6 USP/EP tables 46
11.7 Conductivity ash methods 47
11.7.1 1. Refined sugar (28 g / 100 g solution) ICUMSA GS2/3-17 47
11.7.2 Raw sugar or melasses (5 g / 100 mL solution) ICUMSA GS 1/3/4/7/
8-13 47
4 Table of contents
1 Introduction
Thank you for purchasing this METTLER TOLEDO instrument. The SevenCompact Series is not only
a new generation of intuitive and easy-to-operate bench meters for reliable measurements, they
also provide extra security against mistakes and support your workflow in the laboratory.
Mistakes can be reduced to a minimum because of the following characteristics:
● New ISM® (Intelligent Sensor Management) technology: the meter automatically recognizes
the sensor and transfers the latest set of calibration data from the sensor chip to the meter. The
last five calibrations as well as the initial calibration certificate are also stored on the sensor
chip. These can be reviewed, transferred and printed. ISM® provides additional security and
helps eliminate mistakes.
● Multi-language graphical user interface on a large 4.3 inch display with intuitive menu
guidance, making the operating instructions primarily a source of reference.
● GLP and Routine mode for the needs of any operator: in the routine mode, the deletion of
data is prevented and changing those settings that would potentially jeopardize the collection
of reliable results, such as measurement settings, are blocked. This provides extra security
for routine daily work. Skilled workers are advised to employ the GLP mode to enjoy the
instruments’ powerful full functional range.
This instrument supports the workflow of a modern laboratory in all stages of the data collection
and archiving process:
● The electrode arm can be operated with one hand and moves perfectly straight up and down
to bring the electrode in the perfect position for the best measurement performance. This
allows faster measurements and poses less risk to tip over the sample vessel and/or damage
the head of the sensor!
● Only one keypress required: READ starts a measurement and CAL a calibration. It’s so easy!
● Easy switching between the normal view and the uFocus™. The normal view has all the
measurement parameters and IDs on the display to provide you an instant complete overview.
In the uFocus™ only the most important information is shown in large digits, such as mea
surement value and temperature. This enables you to focus completely on the measurement,
without getting distracted by information that is not relevant to you.
● Easy toggling with the MODE soft key between the various measurement parameters either
before or during a measurement.
● Versatile data archiving options: print data, export data to a USB-stick, or send data to a PC
with LabX direct software!
● Versatile data entry procedures: Enter sample / user and sensor IDs either directly on the
instrument, or use a barcode reader or USB-Keyboard to increase efficiency.
At METTLER TOLEDO we are committed to providing you instruments of highest quality and we do
all we can to support you in maximizing the lifetime of your instrument:
● IP54 rating – water and dust protection: we have designed our instrument in such way, that
it withstands drops of aqueous solutions on the housing and connections. This not only pro
vides extra protection, but also allows easy cleaning of the instrument with a damp cloth.
● Rubber plugs and protective cover provide extra security against dust and spills of aqueous
solutions. Just keep the plug attached to the connections and cover the instrument with the
transparent protective cover when not in use.
Have fun and many reliable measurements with our Seven Compact series of pH, Ion and conduc
tivity meters!
Introduction 5
2 Safety measures
Measures for your protection
● Never work in an environment subject to explosion hazards! The housing
of the instrument is not gas tight (explosion hazard due to spark forma
tion, corrosion caused by the ingress of gases).
Risk of explosion
● When using chemicals and solvents, comply with the instructions of the
producer and the general lab safety rules!
Risk of corrosion
6 Safety measures
FCC Rules
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Radio Interference Requirements of the
Canadian Department of Communications. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1)
this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference
received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communica
tions. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in
which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Safety measures 7
3 Installation
Carefully unpack the meter. Keep the calibration certificate in a safe place. Insert the right adapter
clip into the power adapter slot:
PUSH
8 Installation
Assembly of the electrode arm
● Use the wrench to attach the base to the electrode arm by tightening the screws. The electrode
arm can now be used in the stand alone mode.
Installation 9
● To attach the electrode arm to the instrument, remove the plastic covers in a first step.
10 Installation
● Then insert the foot of the meter to the arm base and shift the meter in the direction of the ar-
row to make the foot fit.
● Use the lock screw to attach the meter to the base of the arm.
Installation 11
3.2 Connecting a sensor
Connect the conductivity electrode and make sure that the plugs are properly inserted.
ISM® sensor
When connecting an ISM® sensor to the meter, one of the following conditions have to be met for
the calibration data to be transferred automatically from the chip of the sensor into the meter and is
used for further measurements. After attaching the ISM® sensor ...
● The meter must be switched on.
● (If the meter is already switched on) the READ key is pressed.
● (If the meter is already switched on) the CAL key is pressed.
We strongly recommend you to switch off the meter when disconnecting an ISM sensor. In doing
so, you make sure that the sensor is not removed while the instrument is reading data from or writ
ing data to the ISM-chip of the sensor.
The ISM icon appears on the display and the sensor ID of the sensor chip is registered and
appears on the display.
The calibration history, the initial certificate and the maximum temperature can be reviewed and
printed in the data memory.
12 Installation
4 Operating the meter
b c d
a g f e
5 6 2 3 4 1 7
21 8
19 10
20 9
23
17 12
18 11
13 14 15 16
5 6 2 3 4 1 7
21 8
19 10
20 9
23
22 12
9 11
13 14 8 15 16
1 Measurement value
2 USB device connected
3 PC connected (for LabX direct)
Scroll to next data set in mem Select Select the highlighted function
ory or setting
Delete letters or numbers on Start Begin the reference measure
alphanumeric keypad ment
Delete Delete selected data Trans Transfer selected data
1 Press to move left to highlight number or letter, use to move right, and to
move downwards.
2 Press READ to confirm the entry.
The line where the position of alphanumeric character is being entered blinks.
3 To end and confirm entry, use softkeys to highlight screen key OK, and press READ to save
the ID.
— or —
4 To delete information, use softkeys to highlight and press READ to delete the previously
entered character.
— or —
4.9 Calibration
Calibration is only possible in the full-information screen. When starting a calibration by pressing
the CAL key while the instrument displays the close-up screen, it will automatically switch to the
full-information screen.
1 Place the electrode in a calibration standard and press CAL.
Cal 1 appears on the display
2 The meter endpoints according to the preselected endpoint mode after the signal has stabilized
or after pressing READ.
The calibration result is shown on the display.
3 Press Save to save the result.
— or —
5.2 Sample ID
An alphanumeric sample ID with up to 16 characters can be entered. Alternatively, a previously
entered sample ID can be selected from the list. If a sample ID has been entered, which is either
purely numeric (for example, 123) or ends with a number (for example, WATER123), the follow
ing options are available:
1. <Auto Sequential> On
Using this setting will automatically increment the sample ID by 1 for each reading.
2. <Auto Sequential> Off
The sample ID is not incremented automatically.
A maximum of 10 sample IDs are stored in memory and listed for selection. If the maximum of 10
has already been entered, a sample ID can either be deleted manually or the oldest ID will be auto
matically overwritten by the new ID.
This instrument allows a special process for users that would like to enter the sample ID in a
quicker way. When the homescreen is shown, while no measurement or calibration is running,
typing on a USB-keyboard or scanning with a barcode reader, results in a jump in the sample ID
entry screen and the entered characters are shown. In case a character is entered or scanned that
is not present on the instrument keyboard (see “Operating the meter: Entering IDs/PIN”). It will dis
play the entry as an underscore (_).
5.3 User ID
A user ID with up to 16 characters can be entered. Alternatively, a previously entered user ID can
be selected from the list.
Setup 21
A maximum of 10 user IDs are stored in memory and listed for selection. If the maximum of 10
has already been entered, a user ID can either be deleted manually or the oldest ID will be auto
matically overwritten by the new ID.
5.4 Stirrer
The user can connect the METTLER-TOLEDO external magnetic stirrer to the instrument. This stir-
rer is powered by the instrument and will be automatically switched on/off according to the settings
by the user.
1. Stir Before Measurement
● <Stir Before Measurement> On
Using this setting will include a stirring period before the measurement starts (after pressing
READ). The user can set the time between 3 s and 60 s.
● < Stir Before Measurement > Off
No stirring before the measurement will take place.
3. Stir Speed
● The user can adjust the stir speed of the stirrer according to his preferences and the character
istics of the sample.
● A stir speed between 1 and 5 can be selected, with 5 being fastest.
To indicate that the instrument is stirring when the option “Stir Before Measurement” has been
selected, the instrument will display the icon .
22 Setup
2. Interface
Select to transfer the data in the memory to a Printer, LabX Direct or both. The meter adjusts the
baud rate to the following settings in case no automatic baud rate synchronization occurs (only
possible with USB and the printers RS-P25, RS-P26 and RS-P28):
1. Printer
Baud rate: 1200
Data bits: 8
Parity: none
Stop bits: 1
Handshake: none
2. LabX direct
The settings between the instrument and PC are adjusted automatically because USB connec
tion is plug-and-play
3. Printer + LabX direct
The settings listed above for 1. and 2. are used.
3. Printout Format
Three different printout formats are available: GLP, Normal and Short. The printouts can be print-
ed in six different languages, depending on which language is currently selected in Setup (English,
German, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese). For all other languages the printouts will be in
English.
* If LabX direct is selected, the printout format is always GLP and English. LabX direct PC software
translates the received data into the selected PC language as defined in the regional and language
options.
Examples:
Conductivity printout GLP Conductivity printout normal Conductivity printout short
Setup 23
5.6 System settings
The system settings menu is protected by a PIN. Upon delivery, the PIN is set to 000000 and is
activated. Please change the PIN to prevent unauthorized access.
1. Language
The following languages are available for the system: English, German, French, Spanish, Italian,
Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Russian.
2. Time and date
When starting the meter for the first time, the display for entering time and date appears automati
cally.
In the system settings, two time and four date display formats are available:
● Time
24-hour format (for example, 06:56 and 18:56)
12-hour format (for example, 06:56 AM and 06:56 PM)
● Date:
28-11-2010 (day-month-year)
11-28-2010 (month-day-year)
28-Nov-2010 (day-month-year)
28/11/2010 (day-month-year)
3. Access control
PIN settings are available for:
1. System settings
2. Deleting data
3. Instrument login
1 Switch PIN protection for the required access control ON. The window for entering an alphanu
meric PIN appears.
2 Enter an alphanumeric PIN (max. 6 characters).
The input window for PIN verification appears.
3 Confirm PIN.
A maximum of 6 characters can be entered as PIN. In the factory default settings, the PIN for sys
tem settings and deleting data is set to 000000 and is activated, no instrument login password is
set.
4. Beep
An acoustic signal can be switched on in the following three cases:
1. Key is pressed
2. Alarm/warning message appears
3. Measurement is stable and has endpointed (stability signal appears)
5. Expert/Routine modes
The meter has two working modes:
● Expert mode: the factory default setting enables all functions of the meter.
● Routine mode: some of the menu settings are blocked.
24 Setup
The concept of the two working modes is a GLP feature that ensures that important settings and
stored data cannot be deleted cannot be unintentionally changed under routine working conditions.
The meter only allows the following functions in the routine mode:
● Calibrating and measuring
● Editing user, sample and sensor IDs
● Editing the MTC temperature
● Editing data transfer settings
● Editing system-settings (PIN-protected)
● Running the instrument self-test
● Storing, viewing, printing and exporting data
● Exporting settings to USB-stick
6. Screen settings
Screen Brightness
The screen brightness can be set from levels 1 to 16.
Screen Saver
The amount of time can be set which passes before the screen saver is activated:
5-99 minutes
If the meter is not operated during this time, the screen saver is activated. Press any key and the
display is activated again, independent of the function of the key.
Screen Color
The display background color blue, grey, red or green can be selected.
The display has a limited lifetime; therefore we recommend activating the screen saver or switching
off the meter when not in operation.
If an instrument login password is set, this password is required after activating the display again.
5.7 Service
1. Software Update
In case a newer software version is available, the user can perform a software update via USB-
stick, by adhering to the following process:
1 Make sure that the firmware is in the root directory of the USB-stick and has a name
S<xxx>v<yyy>.bin, with <xxx> being the number of the instrument type (220 for pH/Ion me-
ter and 230 for conductivity meter) and <yyy> being the version number.
2 Connect the USB-stick to the instrument
3 Select the option “software update”
A message appears that the software update ist in progress
4 When the software update is completed you need to restart the instrument for the changes to
become effective.
● After the software update the instrument is switched back to factory settings. All unsaved data
will be lost and the PIN will be set back to “000000”.
● In case the USB-stick is removed during the update process or the power adapter is plugged
out, the instrument cannot be switched on anymore. Please contact METTLER TOLEDO service
in that case.
Setup 25
2. Export Settings to a USB-stick
With this feature the user can export the settings. These can for example be sent via e-mail to a
customer service representative in case difficulties occur, so that it is easier for the customer ser
vice representative to provide support.
1 Insert the USB stick into the corresponding interface of the meter
The icon appears on the display
2 Select the item and Export Settings to USB-Stick in the service menu to start the transfer
The settings will be in text (extension .txt) format. The instrument will create a new folder on the
USB-stick in which the name is the date in the international format, i.e. first year, then month and
then the day.
Example: when the data is 25 November 2011, the name of the folder will be: 20111125.
The data will be written as a text file with a name that consists of the time in 24h format (hr min
sec) with the prefix S.
Example: when settings are exported at 15:12:25 (3:12:25 pm) the name of the file will be:
S151225.txt
Pressing EXIT during the exporting aborts the process
3. Factory Reset
When the factory reset is performed, the instrument will revert back to the original settings when
the instrument left the factory. All data will be lost and the PIN is set-back to the original PIN
“000000”.
26 Setup
6 Menus and settings
Chinese:
146.5 μS/cm 1408 μS/cm 12.85 mS/cm 111.35 mS/cm
Japanese:
1330.00 μS/cm 133.00 μS/cm 26.6 μS/cm
Calibration reminder
When the calibration reminder is “On”, the user is reminded to perform a new calibration after a
certain user-defined interval (maximum 9999 h) has elapsed.
● Press READ to save the interval and another screen appears to select calibration expiration
date.
Four different time spans can be programmed. In all four cases, a warning message appears that
the electrode should be calibrated.
● Immediately
The meter is immediately blocked for measurement when the predefined interval has elapsed.
● Reminder + 1h
The meter is blocked for measurement 1 hour after the predefined interval has elapsed.
● Reminder + 2h
The meter is blocked for measurement 2 hours after the predefined interval has elapsed.
● Continue Reading
The user can continue measuring when the predefined interval has elapsed.
1
The actual endpoint format (last column) and not the preselected is stored with the data.
Partial
The measurement data can be filtered according to 3 criteria.
● Memory number (from MXXXX to MXXXX)
● Sample ID
● Measurement mode
Memory number
1 Enter the memory numbers of the data and press Select.
The measurement data is displayed.
2 Scroll through the measurement data to review all measurements between the two memory
numbers.
3 Press Transfer to send the measurement data (current single set) to the printer or PC.
Sample ID
1 Enter the sample ID and press OK.
The meter finds all stored measurements with this sample ID.
2 Scroll through the measurement data to review all measurements with the entered sample ID.
3 Press Transfer to send the measurement data (current single set) to the printer or PC.
Measurement mode
1 Select a measurement mode from list. The meter finds all stored measurements of the select-
ed measurement mode.
2 Scroll through the measurement data of the selected measurement mode.
3 Press Transfer to send the measurement data (current single set) to the printer or PC.
Data management 33
Transfer
All or partially stored measurement data can be transferred by filtering the measurement data. The
filter works as described above in “Review”.
● Press Select to send the filtered measurement data to the printer or PC.
Delete
All or partially stored measurement data can be deleted by filtering the measurement data. The filter
works as described above in “Review”.
Deletion is protected by a PIN. Upon delivery, the PIN is set to 000000. Change the PIN code to
prevent unauthorized access.
Export to USB-stick
All or partially stored measurement data can be transferred to a USB-stick. The filter works as de-
scribed above in “Review”. More information about the file format is given in “Operating the meter:
Data transfer”
● Press Transfer to export the filtered measurement data to the USB-stick.
Transfer
1 Press Select.
A list of calibrated sensor IDs appears.
2 Select a sensor ID from the list.
The calibration data of the selected sensor ID is transferred to a printer or PC.
34 Data management
Delete
1 Press Select.
A list of sensor IDs appears.
2 Select a sensor ID from the list.
3 Press Yes when the message “Selected data will be deleted. Please confirm” appears.
— or —
4 Press Exit to cancel.
After deletion, the sensor ID disappears from the list in the sensor ID menu.
● An active sensor ID cannot be deleted.
● This menu is protected by a deletion PIN code. Upon delivery, the PIN code is set to 000000.
Change the PIN code to prevent unauthorized access.
Export to USB-stick
Stored calibration data per sensor ID can be transferred to a USB-stick.
1 Press Select.
2 Select a sensor ID from the list.
3 Press Transfer to export the calibration data of the selected sensor ID to the USB-stick.
Data management 35
Initial calibration data
When an ISM® sensor is connected, the initial calibration data in the sensor can be reviewed or
transferred. The following data is included:
● Response time
● Temperature tolerance
● Cell constant
● Cell constant tolerance
● Type (and name) of electrode (for example, InLab Expert Pro ISM)
● Serial number (SN) and ordering (ME) number
● Production date
Calibration history
The last 5 calibrations data stored in ISM® sensor including current calibration can be reviewed or
transferred.
Maximum temperature
The maximum temperature that the ISM® sensor has been exposed to during measurement is mon
itored automatically and can be reviewed for the evaluation of the electrode lifetime.
Reset ISM®
The calibration history in this menu can be deleted. This menu is protected by a deletion PIN. Upon
delivery, the PIN for deletion is set to 000000. Change the PIN to prevent unauthorized access.
36 Data management
8 Maintenance
8.2 Disposal
In compliance with European Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), this instrument must not be disposed of
together with domestic waste. This also applies to countries outside the EU,
per their specific requirements.
Please dispose of this product in accordance with local regulations at the
collecting point specified for electrical and electronic equipment.
If you have any questions, please contact the responsible authority or the
distributor from which you purchased this instrument.
Should this instrument be passed on to other parties (for private or profes
sional use), the content of this regulation must also be related.
Thank you for your contribution to environmental protection.
Maintenance 37
Message Description and Resolution
Active sensor cannot be deleted Deleting the calibration data of the selected sensor ID is
not possible, because it is currently the active sensor ID
in the meter shown on the display.
● Enter new sensor ID in the menu settings.
● Select another sensor ID from the list in the menu
settings.
Wrong standard Meter cannot recognize the standard.
Make sure that you have the correct standard and that it
is fresh.
Standard temp. out of range The ATC measured temperature is out of calibration
standard range: 5 … 35 °C for international standards
and 15 … 35°C for Chinese standards
Keep the standard temperature within the range.
Change the temperature setting.
Temperature differs from setting ATC measured temperature differs by more than 0.5°C
from the user-defined value/temperature range.
● Keep the standard temperature within the range.
● Change the temperature setting.
ISM sensor communication error
®
Data has not been transferred correctly between ISM®
sensor and meter. Reconnect the ISM® sensor and try
again.
Self-test failure Self-test has not been completed within 2 minutes or me-
ter is defective.
● Restart self-test and finish within 2 minutes.
● Contact METTLER TOLEDO service if problem per
sists.
Wrong settings Entered value differs by less than 5°C from other pre-
set values.
● Enter a higher/lower value in order to get a bigger
difference.
Out of range Either entered value is out of range.
● Enter a value which is within the range shown on
display.
or
Measured value out of range.
● Make sure the electrode wetting cap has been re-
moved and that the electrode is properly connected
and placed in the sample solution.
38 Maintenance
Message Description and Resolution
Wrong password The entered PIN is not correct.
● Re-enter the PIN.
● Reset to factory settings, all data and settings will
be lost.
Passwords do not match The confirmation PIN does not match with the entered
PIN.
● Reenter PIN.
Program memory error Meter recognizes internal error during start-up.
● Switch the meter off and back on.
● Contact METTLER TOLEDO service if the problem per
sists.
Data memory error The data could not be stored into memory.
● Switch the meter off and back on.
● Contact METTLER TOLEDO service if the problem per
sists.
No matching data found in memory The entered filter criterion does not exist.
● Enter a new filter criterion.
Sensor ID already exists, previous SN Two sensors with the same ID but different SN are not al-
will be overwritten lowed in the meter. If a different SN has been entered for
this sensor ID previously, the old SN will be overwritten.
Maintenance 39
Message Description and Resolution
Export failed The exporting process failed. This could be due to the fol
lowing reasons:
● The USB stick is not connected or it is disconnected
during the exporting process
● The USB stick is full
40 Maintenance
9 Sensors, solutions and accessories
42 Specifications
Window Polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA)
Keypad Membrane keypad: Polyethe
lene terephtalate (PET)
Specifications 43
11 Appendix
44 Appendix
11.2 Conductivity standards table
International
T 10 84 500 1413 12.88 Saturated NaCl
[°C] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [mS/cm] [mS/cm]
0 6.13 53.02 315.3 896 8.22 134.5
10 7.10 60.34 359.6 1020 9.33 177.9
15 7.95 67.61 402.9 1147 10.48 201.5
20 8.97 75.80 451.5 1278 11.67 226.0
25 10.00 84.00 500.0 1413 12.88 251.3
30 11.03 92.19 548.5 1552 14.12 277.4
35 12.14 100.92 602.5 1667 15.39 304.1
Chinese
T 146.5 1408 12.85 111.3
[°C] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [mS/cm] [mS/cm]
15 118.5 1141.4 10.455 92.12
18 126.7 1220.0 11.163 97.80
20 132.2 1273.7 11.644 101.70
25 146.5 1408.3 12.852 111.31
35 176.5 1687.6 15.353 131.10
Japanese
T( 1330.00 133.00 26.6
[°C] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [µS/cm]
0 771.40 77.14 15.428
5 911.05 91.11 18.221
10 1050.70 105.07 21.014
15 1190.35 119.04 23.807
20 1330.00 133.00 26.6
25 1469.65 146.97 29.393
30 1609.30 160.93 32.186
35 1748.95 174.90 34.979
Appendix 45
11.4 Practical salinity scale (UNESCO 1978)
The salinity is calculated according to the official definition of UNESCO 1978. Therefore the salin-
ity Spsu of a sample in psu (practical salinity unit) at standard atmospheric pressure is calculat-
ed as follows:
46 Appendix
Temperature USP EP EP
(highly purfied water) (purfied water)
[°C] [µS/cm] [µS/cm] [µS/cm]
55 2.1 2.1 -
60 2.2 2.2 8.1
65 2.42 2.42 -
70 2.5 2.5 9.1
75 2.7 2.7 9.7
80 2.7 2.7 9.7
85 2.7 2.7 -
90 2.7 2.7 9.7
95 2.9 2.9 -
100 3.1 3.1 10.2
Appendix 47