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    Handout: Relativpronomen: NOM AKK DAT

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    Susana Najar
    The document discusses relative pronouns in German. It provides examples of how relative clauses add additional information about a noun and are introduced by relative pronouns like "der", "die", or "das". It explains that the relative pronoun takes the same gender/number as the noun it refers to and the same case as its function in the relative clause. Steps are provided for determining the correct relative pronoun based on these factors. The document also comments on word order in relative clauses and provides exercises for learners to practice forming relative clauses.

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    Handout: Relativpronomen: NOM AKK DAT

    Uploaded by

    Susana Najar
    171 views4 pages
    The document discusses relative pronouns in German. It provides examples of how relative clauses add additional information about a noun and are introduced by relative pronouns like "der", "die", or "das". It explains that the relative pronoun takes the same gender/number as the noun it refers to and the same case as its function in the relative clause. Steps are provided for determining the correct relative pronoun based on these factors. The document also comments on word order in relative clauses and provides exercises for learners to practice forming relative clauses.

    Original Description:

    Pronombres relativos alemanes

    Original Title

    Relativ Pronomen

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    The document discusses relative pronouns in German. It provides examples of how relative clauses add additional information about a noun and are introduced by relative pronouns like "der", "die", or "das". It explains that the relative pronoun takes the same gender/number as the noun it refers to and the same case as its function in the relative clause. Steps are provided for determining the correct relative pronoun based on these factors. The document also comments on word order in relative clauses and provides exercises for learners to practice forming relative clauses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    171 views4 pages

    Handout: Relativpronomen: NOM AKK DAT

    Uploaded by

    Susana Najar
    The document discusses relative pronouns in German. It provides examples of how relative clauses add additional information about a noun and are introduced by relative pronouns like "der", "die", or "das". It explains that the relative pronoun takes the same gender/number as the noun it refers to and the same case as its function in the relative clause. Steps are provided for determining the correct relative pronoun based on these factors. The document also comments on word order in relative clauses and provides exercises for learners to practice forming relative clauses.

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    Handout: Relativpronomen

    Relative clauses (Relativsätze) are clauses added on to a main clause (Hauptsatz) that provide additional
    information about a noun. They cannot stand on their own but must be part of a sentence. They are
    introduced by relative pronouns (Relativpronomen). We have them in English, too -- they usually are
    introduced by "who" or "that" or "which". For instance:

    He's the man. He bought a house. He's the man who bought a house.
    I have a car. I drive the car to work. I have a car that I drive to work.

    In German, those sentences would be:

    Er ist der Mann. Er hat ein Haus gekauft. Er ist der Mann, der ein Haus gekauft hat.
    Ich habe einen Wagen. Ich fahre den Wagen Ich habe einen Wagen, den ich zur Arbeit
    zur Arbeit. fahre.

    In German, the relative pronouns ("who" or "that") are for the most part the same as the definite
    articles der, die, das. The only exception is in the dative plural, which takes the form denen.

    NOM AKK DAT

    MASK der den dem


    FEM die die der
    NEUT das das dem
    PLUR die die denen

    Note that where English distinguishes between "who" for people and "that" or "which" for things, German
    does not. German does distinguish between the case of the relative pronoun (we used to do this in English
    by using "who" and "whom"). Please note that, in the examples we'll be doing, German NEVER uses "wer" as a
    relative pronoun.

    Figuring out which relative pronoun to use:


    Although it seems hard at first, deciding which relative pronoun (der, den, dem, etc) to use is
    not that bad. You have to find out TWO things: what gender/number (masc, neut, fem, pl)
    we're talking about, AND what case it needs.
    The gender and number of the relative pronoun are the same as the the noun to which they
    refer (called the antecedent, der Bezugswort), found in the main clause. As an example: in the
    sentences above, we know that we're talking about ONE MAN and ONE CAR, respectively.
    The case of the relative pronoun is found in the relative clause itself (not the main clause). In
    our examples, the man bought a house. The man is the subject of that clause; therefore, the
    relative pronoun will be in the nominative case (der). In the second sentence, I drive the car,
    so the car is the direct object = accusative case (den).

    The Four Steps:

    1. Find the antecedent (Bezugswort): what are we referring to?


    2. Determine the gender and number of the antecedent: how many and what
    gender?

    3. Figure out how the relative pronoun is used in the relative clause (subject,
    direct object, indirect object, object of a preposition) and which case that
    will require.

    4. Determine the correct relative pronoun given what you now know.

    Some comments on word order:


    The relative clause is always preceded by a comma. If the relative clause ends the sentence,
    then it ends with a period. If it gets stuck in the middle of the sentence (e.g. "The children who
    came herewere my friends") then it is set off with commas on both sides ("Die Kinder, die
    hierher gekommen sind, waren meine Freunde.")
    The finite (conjugated) verb comes at the end of the relative clause. Separable prefix verbs are
    reunited and written as one word (e.g. "Ich habe einen Freund, der um 8 Uhr aufsteht.")
    In English, we often leave out the "that" relative pronoun ("The film I saw last night was bad" is
    really "The film THAT I saw last night ..."). In German you cannot omit the relative pronoun
    from a sentence -- you must always have a der, die, das or something.
    You cannot separate the relative pronoun from any preposition that goes with it. In English, we
    say "The man who I'm talking to is over there" -- in German that has to be "Der Mann, mit
    dem ich spreche, ist dort.")
    The relative clause wants to be as close to the noun it is describing as possible. This isn't a
    strict rule, but you'll see some examples of how the relative clause can be put in the middle of
    the sentence rather than at the end.

    Combining two sentences into one. If two sentences contain the same noun, or pronouns which refer to the
    same noun, they can often be combined with a relative pronoun to form one sentence.

    The glass is broken. The glass fell off the The glass that fell off the table is broken.
    table.
    Das Glas ist gebrochen. Das Glas ist vom Das Glas, das vom Tisch gefallen ist, ist
    Tisch gefallen. gebrochen.

    Try a few yourself. These will be pronouns in the nominative and accusative cases.

    1 Wir haben Brot gekauft. Das Brot war schon zwei Tage alt.
    .
    Wir haben Brot gekauft, ______________ schon zwei Tage alt war.
    2 Der Job ist gut. Ich habe ihn letzte Woche bekommen.
    .
    Der Job, _____________ ich letzte Woche bekommen habe, ist gut.
    3 Hast du die Frau gesehen? Sie heißt Annegret.
    .
    Hast du die Frau gesehen, ______________ Annegret heißt?
    4 Das ist der Wagen. Sabine hat den Wagen gekauft.
    .
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________
    5 Ich habe einen Hund. Mein Hund hat den Briefträger gebissen.
    .
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________

    Relative clauses also occur with dative forms and with prepositions.

    The woman to whom I gave the book was very happy.


    Die Frau, der ich das Buch gegeben habe, war sehr glücklich.

    The family with whom I live is very friendly.


    Die Familie, bei der ich wohne, ist sehr freundlich.

    Remember that in English, the preposition often occurs at the end of the relative clause (the woman I gave
    the book to), but in German, the preposition will begin the relative clause. Again:

    That is the house that I lived in.


    Das ist das Haus, in dem ich gewohnt habe.

    1 Der Bus ist gelb. Ich warte auf diesen Bus.


    .
    Der Bus, auf ___________ ich warte, ist gelb.
    2 Ich habe den Namen der Frau vergessen. Ich habe gestern mit ihr gesprochen.
    .
    Ich habe den Namen der Frau, ___________ _____________ ich gestern gesprochen habe, vergessen.
    3 Das ist der Kaufmann. Ich habe den Brief für ihn geschrieben.
    .
    Das ist der Kaufmann, __________ _____________ ich den Brief geschrieben habe.
    4 Wir kennen den jungen Mann. Unsere Nachbarn wohnen bei ihm.
    .
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________
    5 Die Kinder sind unsere Freunde. Wir haben mit ihnen im Garten gespielt.
    .
    _________________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________

    Here are some mixed sentences to try. Remember to check (a) the gender and number of the antecedent,
    and (b) the case in the relative clause.

    1. Das ist der Mann. Er hat neben mir gesessen.


    Das ist der Mann, _____________ neben mir gesessen hat.
    2. Das ist der Computer. Wir haben ihn letzte Woche benutzt.
    Das ist der Computer, _____________ wir letzte Woche benutzt haben.
    3. Wo sind die Leute? Ich soll ihnen helfen.
    Wo sind die Leute, ______________ ich helfen soll?
    4. Ich mache eine Reise. Ich freue mich auf die Reise.
    Ich mache eine Reise, auf ____________ ich mich freue.
    5. Die Professorin spricht mit dem Verkäufer. Sie will das Auto kaufen.
    Die Professorin, _______________________________________________________________, spricht mit
    dem Verkäufer.
    6. Möchtest du das Haus sehen? Ich bin in dem Haus aufgewachsen (=grow up).
    Möchtest du das Haus sehen,
    ____________________________________________________________________________?
    7. Ist das dein Deutschbuch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch.
    Ist das dein Deutschbuch,
    _______________________________________________________________________________?
    8. Hier ist das Buch. Wir sollen es lesen.
    Hier ist das Buch,
    _______________________________________________________________________________________.
    9. Das sind die Gorillas. Ich habe Angst vor ihnen.
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________
    10 Wo ist der Mann? Du hast ihm das Geld gegeben.
    .
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________
    11 Professor Chavez ist eine Frau. Ich kann mit ihr sprechen.
    .
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________
    12 Die Frau ist sehr nett. Du arbeitest für sie.
    .
    ________________________________________________________________________________________
    _________________

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