Iraqi Dialect

Versus
Standard Arabic

‫ﺇﻝ ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻣﻮ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﺼﻴﺢ‬

Kurmanji
‫ق‬
Bahdini Sorani
Syria
Iran

Jordan
Sunni triangle

Shiite Area
Shiite Area
Hawza


Saudi Arabia

Kuwait
Gulf

Iraqi Dialect Usage Analysis


Matti Phillips Khoshaba (Al- Bazi)
(MATFL)
2006
Library of Congress
United States copyright Office in accordance with title 17,United States Code, attests that
registration has been made for the work identified:

Iraqi Dialect Versus Standard Arabic

Matti Phillips ( Al-Bazi)

TX 6-194-045
Effective Date of Registration
July -18 -2005

ISBN-10
ISBN 1-4243-0092-4

All rights reserved to the author

Matti Phillips Khoshaba Al-Bazi

1821 Buckingham Dr.

Salinas, Ca, 93906
Introduction

“Iraqi Dialect VS Modern Standard Arab (MSA) ” helps Iraqi students in higher studies
to get an idea of how they can say Arabic things that they know in a fluent English . By
going over the chapters on and on, they will unconsciously get a schema of how to deal
with the collocations, expressions, idioms, and proverbs that are introduced as notions,
functions, and concepts and use them in the real life conversations. There is enough
analysis of the Iraqi sound system embedded in the mechanism of Iraqi dialect versus
Modern standard Arabic (MSA) to help you be aware of for teaching purposes as well.
This book also shows the areas where Hebrew or Assyrian languages are manifested in
the Iraqi dialect as consonant clusters, or as phrases and or expressions that go rather with
the languages of the indigenous people especially in the matter of intonation and stress
patterns in the sentence and the paragraph levels.
The primary aim of the book is to further push research to discover more about dialects
and sub-dialects in Iraq. I hope students in their university studies will benefit a lot from
this plainly written book.

Matti Phillips Khoshaba (Al – Bazi)

MATFL
Associate professor
2006
California, USA
Contents page

1. Consonants 1
2. Vowels 6
3. Iraqi Language Features
(1) Assimilation 11
(2) Voicing 14
(3) Elision 17
(4) Consonant Clustering 21

4. Phonology
(1) Consonants 23
(2) Vowels Vs Semi-vowels 35

5. Grammar and Syntax

(1) No case ending vowel ling 42
(2) Accusative cases of dual and plural 42
(3) Future tense particle 44
(4) Continuous tense particles 45
(5) Relative pronoun connector 47
(6) Passive voice 48
(7) Gemination 51
(8) Transitive and contractions 53
6. Vocabulary
(1)Verbs and Conjugations 55
(2) Common Verbs 65
(3) Nouns 80

7. Functional Words
(1) Wh-questions 90
(2) Connectors 94
1. Time
2. Reason
3. Purpose
4. Contrasts
5. Result / consequence
6. Condition
7. Additions
(3) Negation 98
(4) Prepositions 100
(5) Demonstratives 103
(6) Adjectives 105
(7) Quantifiers as Adverbs 109
V
 (8) Reflexives 111
(9) Adverbs of Time 112
(10) Vocatives 114
(11) Possessives (Objective case) 116

8. High Frequency Colloquial Iraqi 117

9. IDIOMS 127
9. Social Discourse
Notional and Functional Expressions
1. Greetings 132
2. Greeting Visitors 133
3. Leave-taking 134
4. Thank you expressions 134
5. Congratulation expressions 135
6. Titles 136
7. Introducing people 136
8. Permission 137
9. Apology 138
10. Consoling 139
11. Questioning a point 140
12. Polite request 141
13. Obligation 141
14. Necessity 142
15. Un-necessity 143
16. Promise 143
17. Wishing 144
18. Possibility 145
19. Broaching subjects 146
20. Contradict and argue 147
21. Ask politely to interrupt 148
21. Ask not to interrupt 149
23. Show empathy 150
24. Disappointment and pessimism 151
25. Praising 152
26. Condemnation 154
27. Support 155
28. Expectation 155
29. Convincing 155
30. Hypothesizing 156
31. Suspicion 156
32. Conclusive transitory 158
33. Etiquettes 158
34. Avoiding an evil eye 159
35. Expressions to mean “start” 160
36. Criticism 160
VI
10. Concepts, Notions, and Messages
Behind words and Phrases

1. Shallowness 162
2. Disliked ones 164
3. Liked ones 165
4. Revenge 166
5. Sneaky ones 168
6. Talkative 169
7. Questioning a point 169
8. Rebuke 170
9. Complaining 172
10. Ploys & tricks 173
11. Warning 174
12. Refusing 175
13. Ignoring 176
14. Advice 177
15. Play truancy 179
16. Bravery & courage 180
17. Offering gifts 181
18. Promising 181
19. Humiliation 182
20. Match or mismatch 184
21. Trust/ distrust 185
22. Being nosy 187
23. Balance 188
24. Exaggerate 189
25. Disgusting 190
26. Too Late 191
27. Stinginess 192
28. Threatening 193
29. Suffix ______siz 194
30. Prefix: bala__________ 194
31. Suffix ________chii 195
32. Suffix _______ khaana 195
33. Allah (SWT) 196
34. Pejoratives 198
35. Harassing women 200
36. Flirting 202
37. Express” Chaos” 202
38. Euphemism 204

VII
11. Wise Sayings 205
12. Iraqi Proverbs 207
13. Pan Arab Proverbs 211
14. Messages Behind Profanity Language
(Not printed but given upon request) missing
15. Parts of the body 214
16. Months 214
Conclusion 215
16. References 216

VIII
 1

The Iraqi Sounds as consonants and vowels.

Consonants are divided into two types: voiced and voiceless. The voiced consonants are those when
articulated, the vocal cords vibrate. The voiceless have no involvement of the vocal cords.

. (vowels) ‫( واﺻوات ﻋﻠﺔ‬consonants) ‫ﺳواﻛن‬: ‫ﺗﻘﺳم اﻻﺻوات ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم اﻟﻰ‬

. voiced ‫ وﻣﺟﮭورة‬voiceless ‫ ﻣﮭﻣوﺳﺔ‬:‫واﻟﺳواﻛن ﺗﺟزء اﻟﻰ ﻧوﻋﯾن‬
‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺳواﻛن اﻟﻣﺟﮭورة‬.‫ ﻗوﯾﺔ وﻻ ﺗﮭﺗز اﻻوﺗﺎر اﻟﺻوﺗﯾﺔ أﺛﻧﺎء ﻧطﻘﮭﺎ‬voiceless ‫اﻟﺳواﻛن اﻟﻣﮭﻣوﺳﺔ‬
. (articulation) ‫( أﺛﻧﺎء ﻧطﻘﮭﺎ‬vocal cords) ‫ ﻓﺗﮭﺗز ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺣﺑﺎل اﻟﺻوﺗﯾﺔ‬voiced

We can sum them as followings:

Consonants (‫ﺳﻮاﻛﻦ ) اﺻﻮات ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ‬

Voiceless voiced
‫ﺳﻮاﻛﻦ ﻣﮭﻤﻮﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاﻛﻦ ﻣﺠﮭﻮرة‬

p panka (fan)   .1 b baab (door) ‫ﺑﺎب‬ ‫ ب‬.1

t tanaka ( tin) ‫ﺗـﻧـﻛﺔ‬
َ َ ‫ ت‬.2 d dibiya (jug) ‫ِدﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ د‬.2
k nukta (joke) ‫ُﻧـﻛﺗﺔ‬ ‫ ﻛـ‬.3 g gaal (said)   3
f filka ( bend) ‫ﻓﻠﻛﺔ‬ ‫ف‬ . 4 v ?eevaan (Ivan)   4*

theta thuum (garlic) ‫ث ﺛوم‬ .5 th theeb (wolf)  ‫ذﯾب‬ ‫ ذ‬.5

s samra (brunette) ‫ﺳﻣرة‬
َ ‫ س‬.6 z zuur (fraud witness) ‫زور‬ ‫ ز‬.6
sh shamra (attitude) ‫ش ﺷﻣرة‬ .7 zh (zhiyaanr) girl’s name   .7*
ch channa ( as if)   .8 j  janna (heaven) ‫ﺟﻧﺔ‬ ‫ج‬ .8

h haay (this) ‫ھﺎ ي‬ ‫ھـ‬ .9 ? ?awil (1st) ‫أ ول‬ .9 ‫أ ء‬

H Haleeb ( milk) ‫ﺣﻠﯾب‬ ‫ ح‬.10 ‘a ‘arifit ( I knew) ‫ﻋرﻓـت‬
ِ ‫ ع‬.10
kh khraab (destruction) ‫ﺧراب‬ ‫ خ‬11 G Garaam ( romance love) ‫ غ ﻏرام‬.11
q qanaat ( canal) ‫ ق ﻗﻧﺎة‬.12 *
S Sadr (breast) ‫ ص ﺻدر‬.13
T Taar ( flew) ‫طﺎر‬ ‫ ط‬.14
D Daleit ( I remained) ‫ظﻠﯾت‬ ‫ ظ‬.15
dh dhaleit ( I got lost) ‫ ض ﺿﻠﯾت‬. 16
r riHit ( I went) ‫ِﺣـت‬
ِ ‫ِر‬ ‫ر‬ .12
*L laazim (must) ‫ﻻزم‬ ِ ‫ل‬ .13

m maaku ( there is not) ‫ﻣﺎﻛو‬ ‫ م‬.14

n niTaani (he gave me) ‫ ن إﻧطﺎﻧﻲ‬.15
y ysaw wi ( he does) ‫ﯾﺳوي‬
َّ ‫ي‬
َ .16
w (with) wiya ‫ و َ وﯾﺎ‬.17
*4 /v/ is a borrowed sound 

7* /zh/ is a borrowed sound 

*12 /q / ‫ ق‬Moslawi Dialect keeps /q/ ‫ ق‬velar voiceless as in ‫ ﻗﺎل‬qaala (he said) .

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The same sound is changed into /g/  in other parts of the country such as Baghdad and
other parts in the South. This change does not include all words of the language. Therefore,
we need to deal with the changed ones for the sake of usage.

* 15 and 16 D ‫ & ظ‬dh ‫ ﺿـ‬are pronounced the same in Iraqi dialect. They are kept
different in written shapes to indicate the difference in meaning..

Consonants as Diaphones:
Iraqis use alternative consonants as diaphones that do not change the meaning of the words.
Here are these diaphones:

1. Moslawi use (G) for /r/ as French speakers in Paris articulate / r
raH nruuH = GaaH nGuuH = we are going to go

‫ﻏﺎح ﻧﻐوح‬
‫راح ﻧرووح‬
2. Baghdadi dialect and Southern speakers use /g/ for /q/ :
qaal hiya qaalat = gaal hiya gaalat = He said that she said so.

‫ ھﯾﯾﮫ ﻛﺎﻟت‬. ‫ھو‬

‫ ھﻲ ﻗﺎﻟت‬. ‫ھو ﻗﺎل‬ (Standard Arabic and Moslawi )

3. Southern speakers use (ch) for (k) in conjugation of (kaan)


ً ‫ﺑدا ﻛﺄﻧﮫ ﻧﺎﺋﻣﺎ‬ ( ‫)ﺑدا اﻟرﺟل ﻛﺄﻧﮫ ﻧﺎﺋم‬ ( Standard Arabic)

chaan channa naayim = ka?anahu kaana naa?im an = He seemed to be sleepy

He was as if he were sleepy

4. Southerners and Baghdadi dialect speakers use (ch) as a feminine indicator for (ki):

‫ﺷﻠوﻧﻛﻲ‬
‫ ﺷﻠوﻧـِﺞ‬How are you?
ِ ‫ ( ﻛﯾف‬Standard Arabic)
‫اﻧت ؟‬

shlonki ( Moslawi) = shlonich ( Baghdadi dialect and Southern Dialect)

5. Southern speakers change the sound /q/ ‫ق‬ to (ch)  or sometimes ( j ) ‫ ج‬in certain
words such as :

Standard ?inqatal qiddaaHa qarya qattala qidaam

‫إﻧﻘــﺗـل‬ ‫ﻗداﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗرﯾﺔ‬ ‫َﻗـﺗﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗدام‬

Iraqi ?inchital jidaaHa jarya chattala jidaam

 ‫ﺟداﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟرﯾﺔ‬  

Is killed lighter village killing/ killer ahead/ in front

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6. Iraqis use /g/ for /q/ ‫ق‬ in certain words

Here are some common words

‫رﻗﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗرص‬ ‫ﻗﻣر‬ ‫ﻗﺑل‬ ‫ﯾدق‬ ‫ﯾﻘدر‬ ‫ﻧﻠﺗﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳوق‬ ‫ﻣﻘص‬

 ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
Rugba guraS gumar gabil ydig yigdar niltigi suug migaS
Neck bread moon before knock can we meet market scissors
Loaves or/ ring be able to or/ drive

Note: not all words of the /q/   standard are changed into a dialectal consonant /g/ 
Examples to practice:

gabil  before

gubal  ahead

Shifta qabil hasa. I have seen him before ‫ ھﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺗﮫ ﻗﺑل‬
ruuH gubal raaH tshuufa. Go ahead, you’ll see him.

Sometimes words are close to each other in pronunciation but not necessarily the same:

Quwaad (qaada) (‫ ﻗواد )ﻗﺎدة‬commanders

Gaw waad( gawaaweed)  cuckold ( cuckolds)

َ
 ‫ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ل ﻗواد طﻠﻌت‬
Shughlat il quuwaad Til’at gwaada
(The work of the commanders revealed their disloyalties )
It seemed that the commanders were disloyal.

MINIMAL PAIRS OF CERTAIN CONSONANTS

1. /H/ versus / h/

Had dada ّ
‫ﺣدد‬ defined, limited
had dada ‫ھـدد‬
ّ threatened

HOsh  house, courtyard

hOsh ‫ھؤش‬ cattle / cows

miHna ‫ﻣﺣﻧﺔ‬ ordeal , catastrophe

mihna ‫ﻣﮭﻧﺔ‬ profession, job

2. /kh/ versus /gh/

kheir ‫ﺧﯾر‬ prosperity

gheir ‫ﻏﯾر‬ another, unlike

da ykharkhir ‫ ده ﯾﺷوﺧر‬is snoring

da y gharghir ‫ ده ﯾﻐرﻏر‬is gargling

‫ﻏﯾر‬ ‫ﺧﯾر‬

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Gheir kheir
Another good

kheirha bgherha ‫ﺧﯾرھﺎ ﺑﻐﯾرھﺎ‬

It is good that you did not have “her”

‫ﻏﺎ ب‬ ‫ﺧﺎب‬
Ghaab khaab
Did not come disappointed, failed
khaab amala lim-man maa jaa –wabta ‫ﺧﺎب اﻣﻠﮫ ﻟﻣن ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎوﺑﺗﮫ‬
He was disappointed when you did not answer him.

‫ﻏﯾرة‬ ‫ﺧﯾرة‬
Gheera (envy) kheera (the elite)
He felt envious Saabita il ghira ‫ﺻﺎﺑﺗﮫ ال ﻏﯾرة‬
He is among the best ( the elite) huwa min khiiratil naas ‫ھو ﻣن ﺧﯾرة اﻟﻧﺎس‬

3. /?/ versus /’a/

?alam ‫أﻟم‬ pain
‘alam ‫ﻋﻠم‬ flag

su?aal ‫ﺳؤال‬ question

su’aaal ‫ﺳﻌﺎل‬ coughing

4. /s/ versus /S/

seif ‫ﺳﯾف‬ sword

Seif ‫ﺻﯾف‬ Summer

sad ‫ﺳد‬ dam

Sad ‫ﺻد‬ deter/repel

5. /sh / versus /ch/

yiH-shii ‫ﯾﺣﺷﻲ‬ stuff

yiH-chii  speaks

6. /t/ versus /T/

taab ‫ﺗﺎب‬ regretted

Taab ‫طﺎب‬ recovered

rattaba ‫رﺗـب‬
ّ arranged
raTTaba ‫رطـب‬
ّ moisturized

7. /q/ versus /k/

kalib ‫ﻛﻠب‬ dog

qalib ‫ﻗﻠب‬ heart (standard)
Galib  heart (dialect) ; waja’aaan ga-lib =heartache  = difficult to handle

nuqTa /nuqTa/ ‫ﻧﻘطﺔ‬ point (standard)

nukta /nikta/ ‫ﻧﻛﺗﺔ‬ joke

nugta /nugta/  (‫طﮫ ) ﻧﻘطﺔ‬ point (dialect)

nukta /nukta/  joke (dialect)

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8. /p/ versus/ b/

papa  Pope (dialect only)

baba  father (standard and dialect)

Or a conversational conjunction to mean (man- to draw his attention to a statement)

e.g. ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬

‫اﻋرف ﺷده ﯾﺳوون ذوﻟﮫ ھﻧﺎ‬

- Are you able to tell me what these men are doing?
 .
‫ ھذا ﻣو ﺷﻐﻠك‬... ‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ دروح‬
- Man, get out of here, this is not your business.

gulli ?agdar ?a’arif shda ysawuun thola hna?

baba… druuH hatha muu shughlak.


9. /th / versus /dh /

‫ﯾﺣذر‬ ‫ﯾﺣﺿر‬
yuHathir yuHadhir
warn prepare
Iraqis geminate (put shadda on th or dh on) both yudhithir yuhadhir
RaaH tHa-dhir nafis-ha lil shughul . ‫راح ﺗﺣﺿر ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ ﻟﻠﺷﻐل‬
il shurTa tHadhir il naas mnil Haraamiya . ‫ال ﺷرطﺔ ﺗﺣذر ال ﻧﺎس ﻣﻧل ﺣراﻣﯾﺔ‬

10. /ch / versus ( j )


inchap  inchab
stop talking
Go away from here spilt

inchabil Subugh hnaa w twas-sakhat. The paint spilt and made it dirty ‫ ال ﺻﺑﻎ ھﻧﺎ وﺗوﺳﺧت‬
’ammi maa tinchap tiskut. Please, stop.. ‫ ﺗﺳﻛت‬‫ﻋﻣﻲ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﯾﺟذب‬ ‫ﺫﺏ‬
Yij-thib yich-thib
Attract lie

il lo:n haatha yij-thibich. This color attracts you. ‫ال ﻟون ھذا ﯾﺟذﺑك‬
‫ وﯾﻘﺷﻣر‬‫ذب ﻋﻠﯾــ‬‫ال وﻟد ھذا ﯾــ‬
il walad haatha yich-thib ‘ale:ch w qash miraich .This guy lies to you and laughs at you.
( fools you)

Vowels
‫اﺻوات ﻋﻠﺔ‬

We can recognize the following pure vowels in the Iraqi conversational language. These
vowels are long and short. There are also diphthongs that consist of two short vowels the first one is an

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on-glide vowel to the next, the space time of producing a diphthong is the same as when producing a
long one.

Short and long vowels:

Short vowels are squeezed between two consonants. So, short vowels are the nucleus of closed
syllables. Long vowels are almost nucleus of the open syllables.

/i/ as in /riHit/ 
( I went) =
‫رﺣت‬ 
/ii/ as in / b’aiid/ 
b’aeed ( far) =
‫ ﺑﻌﯾد‬
the closing consonant /d/ is very weak and pronounced lightly

. ‫ ﺑس ھو ﻣﺎ ﻗﺑل إﻋﺗذاري‬. ‫رﺣت ﻟﮭﻧﺎك ﺑﻧﻔﺳﻲ وطﻠﺑت ﻣﻧﮫ )ﻣﻧو( ل ﻋﻔو‬

. ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻛل ﯾوم ﻣﻧﻧﺎك ﻟل ﺷﻐل وﺑل ﻋﻛس‬‫ اﺳوو‬ ‫ھﺎي ﻟﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ﺑﻌﯾدة ﻣﻧل ﺷﻐل وﻣﺎ‬

riHit lihnaak bnafsi wiTlibit mina (minu) l ‘afuu. bas huwa maqibil ?i’atithaarii
haaylmanTaqa b’aeeda mnil shugul wmaa ?agdar ?asuug saaa’aa kul yuum minnaak lil shughul wbil
‘aks
I went there by myself and asked for forgiveness, but he did not accept my apology.
This area is far from my work and I cannot drive one hour everyday back and forth.

‘aid = count, be ready ‘aid nafsak lil shughul. Be ready to go to work. ‫ﻋد ﻧﻔﺳك ﻟﻠﺷﻐل‬
‘aiid= feast ‘aid ruuHak baachir ‘aiid. Be ready tomorrow is the Feast (EED). ‫ ﻋﯾد‬ ‫ﻋد رووﺣك‬

 /e/ as in / metit/ ( I died) =

‫ﻣـﺗـت‬
ِ ِ 
/e:/ as in / Te:r/ (bird) =
 ‫طـﯾـر‬َ
We use the Arabic Kasra (short i) as a dash under letters
We use fatHa (short a) as dash over letters

. ‫ ﻋﻠﻣود أﺗﻐـدا ﯾﻣﻛم‬ ،‫ ﺑرﯾﺎﻧﻲ‬، ‫ ﻋدﻛم دووﻟﻣﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺗت ﺟوع وﻣﺎ ﻛو ﻛﻠﺷﻲ ھﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻣود داﻛل‬
‫ إﺣﻧﺎ ھﻧﺎ ﺑل ﺟرﯾﺔ ﻋﻧدﻧﺎ ﺑس ﺧﺑز ﺗﻧور‬. ‫ ﺧوﻣو إﺣﻧﺎ ﺑﺑﻐداد‬. ‫ ﻣﻧﯾن اﺟﯾﺑﻠك ﺑرﯾﺎﻧﻲ ودووﻟﻣﺔ‬. ‫درووح طﯾر‬
. ‫ واذا ﻣﺎﺗرﯾد‬.‫ اذا ﺗرﯾد اﺟﯾﺑﻠك‬. ‫ﺣﺎر وﻟﺑن‬

Mitit juu’a wmaaku kulshii hnaa ‘almuud daakul. ‘aidkim duulma, biryaani, paacha ‘almuud
?atghadda yamkim

diruuH Teer. Mnein ?ajeeblak biryaani w duulma. Khomo ?iHna baghdaad ?iHna hNaa bil jarya
‘aidna bas khibiz tanuur Haar w laban ?itha treed ?ajeeblak w?ith mat reed heech.

I am starving and there is nothing to eat. Do you have Dulma (gape leaves rolls dish), biryaaani (
rice mixed with chicken pieces, potatoes, boiled eggs, almonds, other spices), Pacha( head, legs,
and stuffed intestines and stomach pieces + spices) to have my lunch here at your house.

This cannot be. Where can I bring you biryaani and duulma from. In fact, we are not in Baghdad.
We are in a village. We have only a hot clay oven bread and pasteurized milk. If you want, I can
serve you it. If not, I can’t.

5. /a/ as in /Hidharit / ( I attended) = ( ‫ﺣﺿرت ) ﺣﺿﮫ رت‬

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 7

We can sometimes use the Kurdish short /a/ as a written letter ‫ه‬ ‫ ـﮫ‬or write nothing as
Arabic fatHa ( Htharit ) (‫ﺣﺿــر ِت ) ﺣﺿرت‬
َ

6. /aa/ or /a:/ as in / bamya/ (bamya) = okra ‫ﺑﺎﻣﯾﺎ‬

‫ ﺑﺗت ﯾم اﺣد‬. ‫ ﺑﻘﯾت ﻟﯾﻠﺔ وﺣدة‬. ‫ﺣﺿــر ِت ل ﺗﻌزﯾﺔ اﺣد اﻗرﺑﺎﺋﻲ ھﻧﺎك ﯾﻣﻛم ﺑل ﻣوﺻل ﺑس ﻣﮫ ﺑﻘﯾت ھواﯾﺎ‬
َِ
. (‫اﺻدﻗﺎﺋﻲ وﻣﺎ ﺧﻼﻧﻲ ارووح اﻧﺎم ﺑﻐﯾر ﺑﻛﺎن )ﻣﻛﺎن‬
Hdharit lta’aziyat /aHad /aqribaa?ii hnaak yamkum bil Mussul bas ma bqeit hwaaya bqeit leila wiHda
bitit yam ?ahad ?aZdiqaa?ii wmaa khalaanii ?anaam bgheir makaan.

I attended a funeral of one of my relatives there in Mosul but I did not stay long. I slept at a friend’s
house and he insisted on not letting me go to sleep somewhere else.

7. /u/ as in /mukhtaar/ neighborhood mayor = ‫ﻣﺧﺗﺎر‬

8./uu/ as in /muu/ (not) = ‫ﻣوو‬

‫ وﻛﺛﯾر ﻣﻧل ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﯾﻧراد ﯾﻛون‬. ‫إل ﻣﺧﺗﺎر ھو إﺷـ ﺷﺧص اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﻣﺛل إﻧـ ﻧﺎس ﯾﻣل ﺣﻛوﻣﺔ‬
‫ ول‬.‫ واظن ﯾطﻠب إل ﻣﺧﺗﺎر ﺷوﯾت ﻓﻠوس ﻋﻠﻣود ﯾﺧﺗم إل ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬.‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﺧﺗم إل ﻣﺧﺗﺎر‬
‫ ول ﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﺗﺻد‬.‫ﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﻋﺎدة َ ﺗرووح ﯾﻣل ﻣﺧﺗﺎر ﻋﻠﻣود ﯾﺟﻣﻌون ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻋﻧﺷـ ﺷﺧص‬
.‫إل ﻣﺧﺗﺎرﯾﺔ‬
Lmukhtaar huwa lshakhiSil lii ymathil lnaas yammil Hikuuma wktheer mnil mu”aamalaat yinraad
ykuun ‘aleiha khatmil mukhtaar. W?adhin yiTlib il mukhtaar shwayit filuus ‘almuud yikhtim il
mu’aamalaat wilHikuuma ‘aadatan truuH yammil mukhtaar ‘aalmuud yikhtimil lmu’aamalaat.
wilHikuuma ‘aadatan truuH yammil mukhtaar ‘almuud yijma’auun ma’aluumaat ‘aanil shakhS.
wilHikuuma tSaddigil mukhtaariya.

The neighborhood selected chief (mayor) is mukhtaar who represents people in the government. All
documents as official sheets need to have the mukhtaa’s stamp on it. I think the Mukhtaar asks for a
little money to put his stamp on it. The government always refers to the mukhtaars to get information
about individuals. The government trusts the mukhtaars.

9. /O/ as in /shorba / soup ‫ﺷؤرﺑﺔ‬

‫اطﯾب اﻛﻠﺔ ) ت( ﻣطﺎﻋم ﺑﺻـ ﺻﺑﺢ ھﻲ ﺷورﺑﺔ ) ت ( ﻋدس واﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ ﺷوﯾﺔ ) ت( ﺷﻌرﯾﺔ ﻣطﻌﻣﺔ إﺑـ‬
.‫ اﻣوت ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺻل ﻣﻘﻠﻲ‬

?aTyab ?akLat maTaa’aim bil SabaaH hiya shorbat ‘addas willii beeha shuayat shi’ariya
mTa’amma bil baSalil maqlii> ?amuut ‘aleiha.
The most delicious dish in the restaurants is the lentils’ soup with noodles and fried onion. I love (die
for) it.

10. /O:/ as in / khO:r/ or / ho:r/ 

‫ال ﻣﻌـﯾدان ﻣﻌروﻓﯾن ﺑل ﻋراق واﻛﺛرﯾﺗﮭم ﯾﻌﯾﺷون ب ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ ال أھوار وﻣﻌروﻓﯾن ب ﺷﺟﺎﻋﺗﮭم وﻣﻌﺗﻣدﯾن‬
(the name of the ) ‫ﺣﻤـﺎر‬
ّ ‫ھـﻮر ال‬
َ ‫ واﻛﺑر ھور ﺑل ﻋراق ھو‬.‫وﯾﺗﺣدون اطـ طﺑﯾﻌﺔ اﺻـ ﺻﻌﺑﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﻔﺳﮭم‬
. marsh

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 8

?al m’aeidaan ma’aruufeen bil’araag w?akthariyithum y’aeeshuun bmanTaqatil ?ahwaar w a’aruufeen

bshajaa’athum w mu’atimdeen ‘ala ?anfushum w yitHaduun il Tabee’a al S’aba w/akbar hor bil ‘airaaq
huwa hor il Hammar.
M’aeidan are known in Iraq and most of them live in marshes and swamps. They are known for their
bravery. They depend on themselves while facing the challenges of the difficult nature. The biggest
marsh in Iraq is “hor El Hammar.”

A simple graph for Iraqi and English vowels

i u

i: u:

e O

e: O:

a


aa a:

Iraqi Vowels approximate to English vowels:

i = as in (is) e = as in (set) a = as in (apple)

ii = as in (meet) e: = as in (her) aa = as in (hand)
 = as in (cut) = allophone
a: = as in (part) = allophone
u= as in (book) O = as in (pot)
u: = (uu) as in (moon) O: = (OO)as in ( all )

1. /i/ : ?ana gitla yijini lbarHa. (‫ﯾﺟﯾﻧﻲ ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ ) ﻣﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬ ‫آﻧﻲ‬

I told him to come to me yesterday. ‫ﯾﺟﯾﻠﻲ‬

2. /ii/ mabiiha faayda. ‫ﻓﺎﯾدة‬ ‫ﻣﮫ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬

It is useless ‫ﻣﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬

3. /e/ speakers tend to use it for /i/

bitit or betit ‫ِﺑــﺗـت‬
I slept

4./e:/ beitna gbiir (chbeer) 

Our house is large
Zein 
Good
/e:/ or /ei/ can be represented by  

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 9

5. /a/ sh’aindak hna ‫ﺷﻌﻧده ك ھﻧﺎ‬

What do you have here.? ‫ﺷﻌددك‬
There is an elision of (n)

6. /aa/ haatha l ktaab maalii. ‫ھذا ل ﻛﺗﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬

This book is mine.

/maTbuukh  ‫ﻣـﻄﺒﻮخ‬ َ
it is cooked \ uncooked

 Baghdadi ?aani  ‫آﻧـﻲ‬ formal speech = ana ‫أﻧﺎ‬

I
Menein inta ? ‫ اﻧت ؟‬

Aani min Baghdad…… talking to a driver. ‫آﻧﻲ ﻣن ﺑﻐداد‬

Ana min Baghdad …… talking to a judge. ‫أﻧﺎ ﻣن ﺑﻐداد‬

7. /u/ usually is centralized to /e/ or /i/

murtaaH (Standard Arabic) : mirtaaH ( Iraqi dialect )

‫ﻣـرﺗﺎح‬
ُ : ‫ﻣـرﺗﺎح‬
ِ
Comfortable

It is worth mentioning that the short vowel in the first syllable of a word sounds different in the north in
comparison to the south. In the north it is often /i/ in the south it is often/u/. You cannot distinguish this
in writing but in speaking.

North South
/i/ /u/
Sidig sudug true
mirtaaH murtaaH comfortable
mintihii muntahii finished / done
mibtisim mubtisim smiling
?istaath ?ustaath professor

‫ﻟﮭﺟﺔ ل ﺷﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺟﺔ ل ﺟﻧوب‬

/i/ /u/

ِ ِ
‫ﺻدق‬ ‫ﺻـد‬
ُُ
Sidig sudug right, true

‫ﻣـرﺗﺎح‬
ِ ‫ﻣـرﺗﺎح‬
ُ
mirtaaH murtaaH comfortable

‫ﻣِـﻧﺗﮭﻲ‬ ‫ﻣـﻧﺗﮭﻲ‬
ُ
Mintihi muntihi finished

ِ ِ ِ
‫ﻣـﺑﺗﺳم‬ ‫ُﻣﺑﺗﺳم‬
Miptiim muptisim smiling

‫إﺳﺗﺎذ‬ ‫أ ُﺳﺗﺎذ‬
Istaath ustaath teacher

8. /uu/ muu zein ‫ﻣوو زﯾن‬

not good

ruuH ‫رووح‬

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 10

Shuuf ‫ﺷووف‬

9. /OO/ hO:r 

marsh
/O: / can be represented by 
Bo:sh empty 
Kho:sh good 
Bo:g theft  

Diphthongs:

1. /ei/ as in / beit/ bayt ( house) =  

2. /aj/ as in / majit/ mayyit ( dead) = ‫ ﻣﮫ ِﯾـت‬or ‫ﻣــﯾﯾت‬َ
geminating = (shadda) the split of /j/ into /aj/ and then /ji/

3. /ai/ as in / baisikl/ cognate (bicycle) = 

MINIMAL PAIRS OF VOWELS

1. Short /a/ versus long /aa/

Tird ‫طـرد‬
َِ he expelled
Taarad ‫طﺎرد‬
َ he chased

qital ‫ﻗـﺗــل‬
َ ِ he killed
qaatal ‫ﻗﺎﺗــل‬
َ he fought

2. /i/ versus /ii/

alif ‫أﻟف‬ thousand

?aleef ‫أﻟﯾف‬ tamed
?aliif

kharif ‫ﺧرف‬ gets oblivious

khariif ‫ﺧرﯾف‬ fall (season)

‘aid ‫ﻋـد‬ count, prepare

‘aiid ‫ﻋﯾد‬ feast

Tib ‫طﺐ‬ medicine college, enter

Tiib ‫طﯿﺐ‬ goodness, being nice

Iraqi Language Features

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 11

Assimilation:
One voiceless sound affects the other because the adjacent one is voiced. There are
many examples in the Standard Arabic and in the Iraqi dialect that show this
phenomenon:

e.g., ‫إﺟﺘﺚ‬ = to uproot

The sound ( j ) ‫ج‬ changes into (ch)  when we pronounce the word together quickly.

.‫ﺗث ﺟذور ل ﻣﺧرﺑﯾن اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺳﻠﻠو ﻣﻧل ﺑﻠدان ل أﺧرى ﻟل ﻋراق‬ ‫ﺑدت ﻟﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ل ﺟدﯾدة‬
Badit il Hukuuma al jideeda tichtath jithuur l mukharibeen illee tsallaluu mnil buldaan il ?ukhra lil
‘airaaq.
The new government started uprooting the insurgents who infiltrated from other countries into Iraq.

e.g., ?ichtahada  he worked hard 

 j changes to ch

 . ‫ل ﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬‫ وﻋﺑرت ﺑل إﻣﺗﺣﺎن‬ ‫ﺑس ﺑﻌدﯾن‬‫اول‬‫رﺳﺑت ﺑل إﻣﺗﺣﺎن ال‬


Risibit bil ?imtihaanil ?aw wal bas ?ichtahadit w ‘aibirit bil ?imtiHaanil nihaa?ee
I failed the first test but I worked hard and passed the final one.
 e.g., 
wichii (my face)

. ‫ وﯾﺎي‬ . ‫ ( وراح‬ ) ‫ﻟﻣن ﺷﺎﻓﻧﻲ دار و‬

 liman shafni daar wichha w raaH maHicha wiyaai
When he saw me, he turned his face and left. He never talked to me.

tichtar (ruminate)

. ‫ ﻟﻲ اﻓﻛﺎر ل ﻏﯾر‬ ‫رﺟﺎءا ً ﻻ‬

Rijaa?an laa tichtar lii ?afkaar l gheir.
Please, do not repeat blindly others’ ideas to me.


?ichtimaa’a
meeting

 ‫رح ﺗﺟﻲ ﻟل‬

raaH tijii lil ?ichtimaa’a hal masa lo la?
Are you coming for the meeting today or not?



Historical Assimilation:

11
 12

Measure 8 verbs have historically changed the soft /t/ ‫ ت‬to the root into /T/ ‫ط‬ emphatic
(hard) sounds and here are examples:

Root = S d m ‫ص د م‬
t sound is added after S
‫ دم‬+ ‫ت‬+ ‫ص‬
‫إ ﺻﺗدم‬
The voiceless/S/ emphatic changes /t/ into emphatic /T/ and is fixed as:
ISTadama = ‫ إﺻطدم ﺑـ‬collided with
Standard Arabic

‫إﺻطدﻣت ﺳﯾﺎرﺗﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺎﺋط‬

?iSTadamat Sayaarati bil Haa?iT
My car hit the wall.

Iraqi Dialect
‫ﺻطدﻣت ال ﺳﯾﺎرة وآﻧﻲ اﻧﺻدﻣت‬
STidmatil sayaara w ?aani nSidamit
My car collided and I was shocked

‫ﺳﯾﺎرﺗﻲ اﺻطدﻣت ﺑل ﺣﺎﺋط‬

.‫وﻣﻧل ﺟدام ل ﻣﻛﯾﻧﺔ راﺣت وﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﻠﺷت‬
.‫ﺑس ﻣﻧل ورا ﺟﻧﻧﮫ ﺟدﯾدة و ﻣﺻﺎر ﻟﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬
Sayaarti sTidmat bil HayiT w mnil jidaam l makeena raHat w kulha tfalashat. Bas mnil waraa
channa jideeda w maSaril ha shee.

My car hit the wall. The front is all damaged. But the rear looks like new and it is not
damaged.

Assimilation of voiceless soft /s/ ‫ س‬into /voiceless emphatic /S/ ‫ص‬

Words with emphatic /T/ ‫ ط‬may affect progressively or regressively the soft /s/ and change it
into emphatic hard /S/ ‫ ﺻـ‬without changing the meaning:

Progressive assimilation:
The effect is on the following sound

‫ﻓطس‬ ‫طﻣس‬ ‫طﺳﺔ‬ ‫طﺎﺳﺔ‬

‫ﻓطص‬ ‫طﻣص‬ ‫طﺻﺔ‬ ‫طﺎﺻﺔ‬

fiTas TamaSa TaSSa TaaSa

is suffocated sink bumps pot to drink water
Regressive Assimilation:
The effect is on the precedent sound
Verbs
‫ﯾﺑﺳط ﯾﺳﺗﻧﺑط‬ ‫ﯾﺳطر‬ ‫ﯾﺳطل‬ ‫ﯾﺳﯾطر‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﻠﻊ‬
‫ﯾﺑﺻط ﯾﺻﺗﻧﺑط‬ ‫ﯾﺻطر‬ ‫ﯾﺻطل‬ ‫ﯾﺻﯾطر‬ ‫ﯾﺻﺗطﻠﻊ‬

yaStanbiT yubaSIT yuSaTir YaSTil ySayTir yaStaTli’a

extract simplify create stun control reconnoiter

Nouns
‫إﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮطﺎن ﺳﻄﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫إﺳﻄﻮرة‬
‫إﺻﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺮطﺎن ﺻﻄﺮ ﺻﺮﻣﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺒﻄﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫إﺻﻄﻮرة‬

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?iSTiwaana Sarmaaya SaTir SaraTaan SabaTaana ?iSTuura

CD Deposit(rent) line cancer barrel myth

Exercise:

‫ﺻــﺎت‬ ‫ ﻧﺸﺮب ل ﻣﺎي ﺑﻂ طﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺲ ھﺴﮫ ﺻﺮﻧﺎ ﻧﺸﺮب ﺑﻞ‬ ) ‫ ﻛﻨﺎ‬.1

‫ﻛل ﺳﯾﺎراﺗﻧﺎ‬ ‫ ھﻞ ﺳﯿﻄﺮة ﯾﻢ ل ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ طﺴﺎت ﻗﻮﯾﺔ ﺧﺮﺑﺖ‬.2
‫ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗططﻣس‬ ‫ل ﻣﺎي ﻛﻠﺶ ﺑﺎرد ﺑﺸﺮط ﻣﺎ‬ .3
‫طﻠﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻞ ظﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ ﻏﺒﺸﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻞ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﺤﺮك ل رﺗﻞ‬ .4
‫ﻻزم ل ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺗﺴﯿﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮارد ل ﻧﻔﻂ ل ﻋﺮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﺪون اي ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬ .5
‫وﻣﺎ ردت‬‫إﻧﺳطﻠت‬ ‫ﻟﻣن ﺷﻔت ﺷﺻﺎﯾر ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻣن ﺟروح ﺑل ﺷظﺎﯾﺎ‬ .6
 ‫أﺑﺎوع ب‬
‫ ﻻزم ﺗﺑﺳطﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﯾﮭم ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬، ‫ﻋﻠﻣود طﻼﺑك ﯾﻔﺗﮭﻣون ﺷﻲ ﯾﺳوون‬ .7
‫ﺗﺣﻠﻠﮭﺎ وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺗﺳﺗﻧﺑط ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ل ﺣﻘﺎﯾق‬
ّ ‫ﺗﺻﻧﻔﮭﺎ وﺑﻌدﯾن‬
ّ ‫ﺗﺟﻣﻊ ل ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت وﺑﻌدﯾن‬ّ ً ‫اوﻻ‬ .8
‫ھﻲ إﺳطورة ﻋراﻗﯾﺔ ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ إﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻐزى إﻧﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻣﯾق ﻻ ﺗﻧﺳﻰ ﻛوﻧﮭﺎ اول‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺣﻣﺔ‬ .9
.‫ﻣﻠﺣﻣﺔ إﻧﻛﺗﺑت ﺑل ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬
‫ﻋﺎدة ل ﺟﻧود ﯾﻧظﻔون ﺳﺑطﺎﻧﺔ ل ﺑﻧدﻗﯾﺔ ﺑل زﯾت وﺣﺑل ﻛل ﯾوم ﺧﻣﯾس وﯾﺳﻣون ل ﺧﻣﯾس ﯾوم‬ .10
.‫ل إداﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗﻘﺑل‬‫إذا ﻣوو ھﺳﮫ ﺑل‬ ‫ل ﺳرطﺎن ﺑﻠوه ﺑس ل ﻋﻠﻣﺎء راح ﯾﺷوﻓوﻟﮫ ﻓد‬ .11
.‫ﯾﻣﻌود ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ ﺣﺎول ﺗﻛﺗب ﻟك ﺳطر ﺳطرﯾن إﻧﺷﺎء وﺧﻠص ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬ .12
‫ دوﻻر ﻋﻠﻣود‬100 ‫ل إﯾﺟﺎرات ﺻﺎرت ﻏﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻧﺎر اﻟﻰ درﺟﺔ ﻻزم ﺗﻌطﯾﻠﮭم ل ﺳرﻣﺎﯾﺔ ﻋل اﻗل‬ .13
‫ﺗﺄﺟرﻟك دﻛﺎن ﻋل ﺟﺎدة‬
‫ﯾﻧراد ﻧﺷﺗرﯾﻧﻧﺎ ﺷوﯾت إﺳطواﻧﺎت ) اﻗراص( ﻟﯾزرﯾﺔ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ اﻏﺎﻧﻲ ﻋراﻗﯾﺔ ﻓﻠﻛﻠورﯾﺔ وﯾﺎ‬ .14
‫ﺻورھﺎ‬
1. kina nishrab maay bil TaaSat bas hassa Sirna nishrab bil glaaSaat.
2. hal sayTara yammil mustashfa beeha TaSSaat qawiyya kharrabit ringaat kul sayaaraatna
3. lmaay kulish baarid bsharT matigdar tiTmis ?eede:k beeha
4. Tila’ana bil dhalma mnil ghubsha ‘almuud nistatli’a ‘al makaan qabil maa yitHarrak il ritil
5. laazimil Hikuuma tSayTir “ala mawaaridil nafT il ‘airaaqiya minduun ?ay munaaqasha.
6. liman shifit shSaayir ‘ale: min juruuH bil shadhaaya ?instalit wma ridit ?abbawi’a b wich cha
7. ‘almuud Tullabak yiftihmuun shii ysawuun lazim tbaSiTha lshaghla ‘ale:hum.
8. ?awalan tjammi’ail ma’alummat w ba’ade:n tSannifha wba’ade:n tHallilha wba’ade:n tistanbiT minha l
Haqaayiq.
9. malHamat Galgaamish hiya ?iSTuura ‘airaaqiya qadeema ?ilha maghza ?insaani ‘ameeq la tinsa kawnha
?awal malHama ?inkitbat bil taareekh
10. ‘aadatan il junuud ynadhifuun sabaTaanatil bunduqiya bil ze:t w habil kul yom khamees wysammun l
khamees yom ?il ?idama
11. lSaraTaan balwa bas ‘aulamaa? raaH yshuufula fad chaara ?itha muu hassa bil mustaqbal
12. ym’awwad ?il shaghla baseeta Haawil tiktib lak saTir saTre:n ?inshha? wkhilaS maa beeha shii.

13. l?eejaarat Saarat ghaaliya naaar lii daraja laazim ti’aTeelhum l sarmaaya (sarqufliya) ‘al ?aqal meet
dolaar ‘almuud t?ajirlak dukkaan ‘al jaada
14. yinraad nishtireena shwayit ?isTiwaanaat (?aqraaS) le;zariya beeha ?aghaani ‘airaaqiya wiyaa Suwar

1. We used to drink water with Taasa (an aluminum pot, small not too deep) but now we drink it with
glasses.
2. The check point at the hospital has many big bumps which damaged our cars’ springs.
3. Water is too cold; to a degree I bet you cannot put your hands in it.
4. We went out in the dark at the early morning to reconnoiter the site before the convoy moves.
5. The Iraqi Government must control all oil revenues without any discussion.
6. When I saw what had happened to him of shrapnel injuries, I was shocked and I did not want to
look at his face.

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7. To make your students understand what to do, you need to simplify the subject.
8. First you collect information, sort, analyze, and then elicit facts from.
9. Galgameesh Epic is an ancient Iraqi myth with a deep human plot and do not forget it is the first
epic written in history.
10. Soldiers usually clean their rifles’ barrels with oil and rope every Thursday and they name
Thursday a maintenance day.
11. Cancer is disaster but Scientists will find a solution for it if not now in the future.
12. Man… the whole issue is simple try to write one or two lines and you are done. It is not difficult.
13. Rents is very high and expensive. You must give a deposit of $100 to rent a shop located on the
street.
14. We need to buy some CDs of Iraqi folkloric songs with pictures.

Voicing
A voiceless sound can be affected by voiced surrounding consonants.

If the effect of sounds goes backward, the assimilation is called regressive

Standard Iraqi
‫ﺻﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫زﻏﯿﺮ‬

In standard you say (S) hard but in Iraqi dialect you say/z/ soft because r, ii, and gh are all voiced
and affected the (s) to change into voiced /z/. The movement of the effect is going backward, therefore,
the assimilation is regressive.

. ‫اﺧﻲ ل ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ) زﻏﯿﺮ( دﻋﻮه ﻟﻞ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﯾﺔ ﻻﻧﮫ ) ﻻﻧﻮ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاﻟﯿﺪ ﺧﻤﺴﮫ وﺳﺒﻌﯿﻦ‬
.‫ﺧﻄﯿﮫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ل ﺗﺪرﯾﺐ اﺧﺬوه ل وﺣﺪه ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫وورا ﺛﻤﻨﺖ اﯾﺎم ﺻﺎر ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ھﺠﻮم وﺻﺎر ﻣﻔﻘﻮد‬
‫ ﺑﻘﻮاﺋﻢ ل اﺳﺮ ل ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻞ ﺻﻠﯿﺐ ل‬ (‫اﺻﺪﻗﺎء ه )ازدﻗﺎءة( اﻟﻠﻲ رﺟﻌﻮ ﻣﻨﻞ اﺳﺮ اﻧﻮ اﺳﻤﮫ )اﺳﻤﻮ‬
.‫اﺣﻤﺮ‬
.‫ وﯾﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﻨﺎ ) ﯾﺮﺟﻌﻨﻨﺎ( ﺑﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﮫ‬‫ان ﺷﺎء ﷲ ھﺎي ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﺪ‬

Akhi l zagheer da’auu lil ‘askariya l?anu min mawaaleed khamsa w sab’aeen.
khaTiya ba’aid maa khilaS min markazil tadreeb, ?ikhthuu l wiHda fa’aala.
wara thmint ?ayaam Saar ‘aleihim hijuum w Saar mafquud.
Wguuluun ?azdiqaa?a ilee rij’aau mnil ?asir ?anuu ?ismu chaan bqawaa?im l ?asir l taabi’a lil Saleebil
?aHmar .
?inshalla hay tkuun Sidik w yirja’a lina bil salaama.

My youngest brother was called to go for military service because he was born in 1975.
When he finished his basic training, he was taken to an active unit.
After 8 days , they were attacked and he was missing.
His friends who came back as prisoners said that his name was on the Red Cross list of prisoners.
We hope this is true and he will come back safely
‫ﻗﻮس‬ 
Qaus qo:z
qo:z w qazaH rainbow ‫ﻗﺆز وﻗﺰح‬

‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫زﻟﻄﺔ‬
/SalaTa/ /zalaTa/ (salad)
/s/ changes into /z/
‫ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ طﻤﺎطﺎ وﺧﯿﺎر وﺧﺲ وﻛﺮاﻓﺲ وﻣﺮات ﯾﺨﻠﻮن‬. ‫ل زﻻطﺔ ل ﻋﺮاﻗﯿﺔ ﻣﺸﮭﻮرة ﻻن ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻞ اﺷﯿﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‬
.‫ وﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻠﻚ ﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﺾ‬. ‫ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﻧﻌﻨﺎح وﯾﻀﯿﻔﻮﻟﮭﺎ زﯾﺖ اﻟﺰﯾﺘﻮن وﺧﻞ‬

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. ‫وب ﺑﻌﺾ ل ﺑﺎرات ل ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣﺔ ﯾﺨﻠﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﻠﺒﻲ‬

lzalaTa l ‘airaaqiya mashhuura lian taHtawee ‘al ashya katheera. Beeha TamaTa w khyaar w khas w
karaafis w maraat ykhaluun beeha ni’anaa’aw dheefulha zaytil zaytuun w khal. W limman treed,
khaleelak nuumi Haamidh.
W ba’aidh il baaraat l muHtarama , ykhaluun ‘aleiha lablabee.

The Iraqi salad is famous because it has many ingredients such as tomato, cucumber, lettuce, and
celery. Sometimes there is mint, olive oil, and vinegar. If you want, add lemon to it. In some of the
remarkable cafes, they add garbanzo to the mixture.

‫إﺻﺒﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮة‬ ‫إزﺑﻊ ل زﻏﯿﺮة‬

iSbi9il Sagheera izbi9il zagheera
/s/ changes into /z/
the small finger

‫ وﻟﻤﻦ اﺷﺘﻜﯿﺖ ﻋﻞ‬.‫ اﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻞ وﻣﺤﺪ دﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺷﻲ ﻛﺘﻌﻮﯾﻀﺎت‬ ‫إزﺑﻌﻲ ل زﻏﯿﺮة راﺣﺖ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻜﯿﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﻦ‬
.‫ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ راح اﺧﻠﯿﻚ ﺗﺸﻮف اﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﮫ ﯾﻨﺸﺎف ﺑﻌﯿﻨﻚ‬‫ و‬ ‫ إﺷﺤﺪك ﺗﻔﺘﺢ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﻧﺎ‬

?izbi’aee l zagheera raaHat bil makeena liman chinit ?ashtighil bil ma’amal w maHad dafa’alee shei
kata’aweedhaat. W liman shtakeit ‘al mudeerna, gallee ?ashHadak tiftaH Halgag w tiHchee beeha, raaH
?akhaleek tshuuf ?illee ma yinshaaf b’aeinak.

My small finger was cut by a machine when I was working in a factory and none gave me any
compensation. When I complained to the boss, he told me to shut up and not speak about it. “If you
do,” he said, “I will let you suffer a lot”, “I will show you what your eyes have never seen”.

‫وھﺲ‬ ‫وھﺰ‬
desire /wahis / /wahz/
‫ ازﻧﯾف ﯾﺎ طﺎوﻟﻲ ؟‬ ‫ وﻧﻠﻌﺑﻧﺎ‬ ‫ ﻋﻧدك وھز ﻧرووح ﻟل‬-
.‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺗم ل دﻧﯾﺎ‬ ‫ ﺧﻠﯾﻧﺎ ھﺳﮫ ﻧرووح‬.‫ ﻟﯾش ﻣﺎ ﻋﻧدي وھز‬-
Gullee ‘aindak wahiz nruuH lil chaykhaana w nil’abinna geim ?azneef ya tawlee.
Leish ma ‘aindee wahiz. kHaleena hasa nruuH gabil maa t’attimil dinya.

- tell me if you’d like to go to the coffee house and play some dominos (?azneef) or play backgammon

- why not. Let us go right now before it gets dark.

‫إﺻﺪار‬ ‫إزدار‬
?isdaar ?izdaar
issuing

‫ل ﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ل ﺟدﯾدة ب إزادر ) اﺻدار( ﻗرارات ب ﻣﻧﻊ ل ﺗﺟول و ﻣﻧﻊ ﺣﻣل ل ﺳﻼح ﻋﻠﻣود ﯾﺳﯾطرون‬
.‫ ھم دا ﯾﺟوون دا ﯾﺟوون ودا ﯾﺧرﺑوون‬. ‫ﻋل وﺿﻊ ﺑس ) ھل إﺟراء ( ﻣﺎ دا ﯾﻔﯾﯾد وﯾﺎ ل ﻣﺧرﺑﯾن‬

Gaamatil Hikuuma al jideeda b?izdaar qaraaraat bman’ail tajawul w man’a Haml il silaaH
‘almuud ysayTiruun ‘al wadhi’a bas ma da tfeed wiyal mukharibeen > hum da yijuun daa yijuun
w daa ykharbuun.

The new government issued decrees to impose curfew and ban carrying weapons to control the
situation, but this (procedure) has no effect on the insurgents. They come and sabotage anyways.

ً‫ﻏﺼﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺰﺑﺎ‬
ghaS-ban ghaz-ban

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coercively, willy nilly

. (‫ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ راح ﺗﺴﻮﯾﮭﺎ ﻏﺰﺑﺎ ً ﻋﻨﻚ ) ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬.1
. ‫ ھﺎي ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ ﻏﺰﺑﺎ ً ﻋﻨﻚ‬.... ‫ ھﺎي ﻣﻮ ﺑﯿﺪك ﺗﺴﻮﯾﮭﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻻ‬.2

1. triid ma triid raaH tsaw-wiiha ghazban ‘an-nak

You like it or not, you will do it coercively.
2. haay muu biidak tsw-wiiha lo la ….. haay ti’amalha ghazban ‘annak
It is not in your hand to do it or not……this is …. You do it coercively (willy nilly)

‫ﺴﻘﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﻁﺕ‬
Siq-Tat zgi-Tat
Handicapped = cannot use it (hand) any more
.‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺸﻴل ﺒﻴﻬﺎ ﺸﻲ‬‫ﺍﺤﺭﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍ‬‫ ﻫﺴﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺍ‬. ‫ﻁﺕ ﺇﻴﺩﻱ‬ ‫ إﻧﺼﺎﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺸﻈﯿﺔ وإز‬.1
‫ﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ز‬.2
1. I was hit with a shrapnel and my hand is handicapped. I cannot now move
it or take anything with it.
2. Leave it the way it is.( though something wrong with it)

Elision:
One sound or more is deleted in pronunciation due to the voiced or voiceless sound quality.

(1) In Arabic ( al ) ‫ال‬ before the definite nouns is deleted as a whole or as a part when
pronounced in phrases. The place of articulation plays a role in this phenomenon but Arab
Grammarians attribute elision to the fact that Solar Alphabets versus Lunar Alphabets.

The Solar Sounds VS the Lunar Sounds

When I tried to find out what makes solar sounds ecourage the elision of (L), I found out that
they ( solar ones) include the alveolar ( laterals + sibilants), the alveolar –dentals and inter –
dentals, and the Arabic emphatics ( pharyngealized – Almufakhamat) consonants.

Laterals + sibilant alveolar-dentals inter-dentals

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‘Emphatics”

r L n sh z s t d th th (theta) Dh D T S

‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ز‬ ‫س‬ ‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ص‬

When (al ) precedes these consonants because of the place of articulation, the sound (L) is
deleted. Dropping a sound is named ‘elision’ .
In this case, the speaker splits the next consonants into two segment. The first segment closes the
syllable with. The second segment is the start of the new syllable. This action by itself is
geminating i.e., shadda in Arabic.
Examples

Tila’a min al Suf. ‫طﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ال ﺻﻒ‬

Went-he from the class ‫طﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﺺ ﺻﻒ‬
He went out of the class.

This is how the Iraqi native speakers do with solar consonants in the normal speech.

Practice

writing . ‫ ﺗﺸﻮﻓﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎرع‬.1

speaking dialect( ‫) ﺗﺸﻮﻓﮫ ﺑﺶ ﺷﺎرع‬

writing . ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن وﯾﺎ اﻟﺰﺑﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺸﻦ‬ .2

speaking dialect (‫) ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن وّﯾﺎ ز زﺑﻮن ﺑﻞ ﺧﺸﻦ‬

This elision (2) is very clear after prepositions because they are not stressed in a
sentence but followed by (al) then a noun as an object.

Preposition + al + noun
Ba-‘ada + al + naum
After + the + sleep (n.)
After sleeping
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻮم‬
ba’ada n naum (fast pronunciation)
ba’ada al naum ( careful reading)

and therefore preposition before nouns take (L) and then we drop the (alif):

after sleeping – ba’adin nom ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧـ ﻧﻮم‬

from the morning -mniS SibiH ‫ﻣﻦ ﺻـ ﺻﺒﺢ‬
on the surface – ‘alS SaTiH ‫ﻋﺲ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
in the house – bil beit ‫ﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ‬
from here- min na (na) (‫ﻣﻨﻨﺎ )ﻧﺎ‬
to here – lih naa (‫ﻟﮭﻨﺎ )ﻧﺎ‬

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A.M. –qablal dhuhir ‫ظـﮭﺮ‬

ُ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ظـ‬
at late night taaleel leil ‫ﺗﺎﻟﻲ ال ﻟﯿﻞ‬
Iraqi dialect transcribers prefer to put ‫ ل‬at the end of the preposition rather than before the noun that
follows. Some others put ‫ ل‬separately.
I find out the “duration” between the first word and “lam” is shorter if compared to the time in between
“lam” and the last word, as in, “ba’adil” + “nom” . I prefer to put lam with the preposition otherwise
can be put before the nouns or verbs. We need also to make students aware not to read it the same way
they do when they read Standard Arabic.

Standard Arabic Separate with the prepositions

‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ل ﻧﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪن ﻧﻮم‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ل ﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼـ ﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ل ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﺴـ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ل ظﮭﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻞ ظﮭﺮ‬
 ‫ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬  ‫ﺗﺎﻟﻲ ل‬  ‫ﺗﺎﻟﯿﻞ‬

There are cases /?/ Hamza is kept (1)when we keep a space between the preposition and a noun or (2)
“?al” is a start:
(‫ ) ﻛﻼم ﻣﺘﺄﻧﻲ‬. ‫ي‬... ‫ ﺑﯿﺖ‬.. ‫ال‬... ‫ ﻓﻲ‬...‫و‬...‫( ﻛﻨﺖ‬1)
‫ ﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ‬ (2)
(1) Kinit-u fii ?al be:t i
(2) chinit bil beit

(3) Elision is also clear by not pronouncing (n) in the verb to have (‘ainda) and it comes out in speech
as (‘aid da). The sound/n/ is completely dropped in a speedy conversation.

she has ‘aidha ‫ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﻋﺪھﺎ‬

You plural have ‘aidkum ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ ﻋﺪﻛﻢ‬
They have ‘aid-hum ( ‘aindim Moslawi ‫ﻋﻨﺪھﻢ ﻋﺪھﻢ ) ﻋﻨﺪم‬

(3) Moslawi dialect speakers drop completely (hu from hum ) whether possessive after nouns, or object
after verbs:
Possessive (Noun+hum) = their + noun
Standard Moslawi

‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎدﻗﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎدﻗﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻼﺣﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﺣﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺘﺎدھﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺎدم‬

Byuuthum byuuutim (byuuthum) their houses

Banaadighum banaadiqim (banaadigum) their rifles
silaaHum silaahim (silaaHum) their weapons
‘aitaadhum ‘aitaadhim ( ‘aitaadhum) their ammunitions

Object
Verb + hum

Standard ‫راﯾﺘﮭُﻢ‬ ra?ayt-u-hum = I saw them

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Southern ‫ﺷﻔﺘﮭـﻢ‬
ُ shifit-hum = I saw them
(u –nominative case is deleted)

Moslawi ‫ﺷـﻔﺘـﻢ‬
ِ ِ shift-im = I saw them
Northern (u- nominative case is deleted
( hum – changes into –im)

Practice :

ّ ‫ ﺑﺲ‬. ‫ ﻓﻠﻮس‬ ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ‬.1

.(‫ھﻢ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺸﺒﻌﻮ)ن‬
Qabil yumein, dazeitlimfluus. Bas hum ma maa yishba’auu(n). Moslawi
Two days ago, I sent them money. But they are not satisfied.

.‫ﻟﮫ ﻣﮫ ﯾﺸﺒﻌﻮون‬‫ ﺑﺲ ذ‬. ‫ ﻓﻠﻮس‬  .2

Gabil youmein dazeitilhum fluus. bas thola ma yshib’auu

Two days ago, I sent them money. But these guys are not satisfied.

Lunar Consonants.

If we exclude the solar sounds, all other sounds are Lunar. In their case, the (a)
is dropped and the (L) consonant is fully pronounced and it is attached to the
end of the previous word.

Beit + al + mu-‘al-lim ‫ﺑﯿﺖ ال ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬

Beitilim + m’al-lim ‫ﺑﯿﺘﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬

Practice
. ‫ وﻣﺎ إﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب اﻟﻮرا‬‫ طﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب ال‬.1
.( ‫ وﻣﺎ إﺟﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب ال ورا‬ ‫) طﺐ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺑﺎب إل‬

.‫ ﺷﻔﺘﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﯾﺘﺨﻄﻰ‬.2

( ‫) ﺷﻔﺘﮫ ﺑﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ ﯾﺘﺨﻄﻰ‬

.‫اﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺑﺎﻟﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬

ّ .3
(‫) اﻓﻀﻠﻞ ﺣﯿﺎة ﺑﺮ رﯾﻒ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺣﯿﺎة ﺑﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬

ّ
.‫ﺧﻠﺖ اﻟﻘﻮات اﻻﻣﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﯾﺘﺮﻛﻮا اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ .4
ّ )
( ‫ﺧﻠﺘﻞ ﻗﻮات إل أﻣﻨﯿﺔ إن ﻧﺎس ﯾﺘﺮﻛﻮل ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬

. ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺷﺮب اﻟﺤﻠﯿﺐ ﺧﻠﻠﻰ راﺳﮫ وﻧﺎم ﻟﻠﺼﺒﺢ‬.5

(‫) ﻟﻤﻦ إط طﻔﻞ ﺷﺮب ال ﺣﻠﯿﺐ ﺧﻠﻠﻰ راﺳﮫ وﻧﺎم ﻟﻞ ﺻﺒﺢ‬

.‫ إﺧﺬ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب وﻓﺘﺤﮫ‬.6

.(‫ ) إﺧﺬل ﻛﺘﺎب وﻓﺘﺤﮫ‬.7

( ‫ ﺻﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ وﺷﻤﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﻲ ﺟﻮه‬.8

(‫) ﺻﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺣﺎﺋﻂ وﺷﻤﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﯿﺠﻮه‬

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Consonant Clusters :
Consonants may follow each other in utterances. The cluster can be at the beginning or within a phrase
or a sentence. Iraqis tend to form a 2-consonant cluster at the beginning of words (except Shiites. They
use /?/ at the beginning of words and that changes the syllables)

Within a word:

Ktibit
Wrote-I
I wrote
‫ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬
ِِ
Shiites : ?iktibit ‫إﻛﺘﺒﺖ‬

Within a sentence:

‫اﻟــﺸــﻮارع‬
ِ َ ‫ﺗـــﺪﻣــــﺮت‬
ِ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗـــﺪﻣـــــﺮت ل دراﺑــــﯿـــﻦ‬
/ta dam ma rat il sha waa ria’/ /td m rat l dra: bi:n /

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destroyed the streets destroyed the drive-ways

streets are destroyed streets are destroyed

Shiites: ?itdamaraat ?id daraabeen

More Examples:
(‫ﯾﺨـﺒﻮن اﻧﻔﺴﻢ ﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ ) ﯾﺘﺨﺒﻮون‬
َ ‫ﻣـﺨـﺮﺑﯿﻦ‬ ِ ِ ْ .1
َ ْ ‫ﻟــﻤـﺤﺖ‬
I noticed insurgents hiding in the house.

Shiites: ?ilmiHit ?ilmkharibeen ?ii khabuun ?anfushum bil ?ibyuut

We do not

‫ﻟﻠﻌــﺘﺎد ﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣـﺨـﻔﯿﺔ‬
ْ َ ‫ﻋﺮﻓـ ِ ت ﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ اﻧﻮ ﻋﻨﺪھﻢ ﻣﺨﺎزن‬
ِ .2
I knew later that they had caches of ammunition in the area.

lmiHIt : 2 consonants (Lm ) and then a vowel /i/

‘arifit : 2 consonants (‘ar) and then a vowel/i/

This phenomenon is also found in Nouns, usually in the plural form (at least 2 syllables) :
‫ﻋــﻼﻟﯿﻚ‬
ْ ‘alaa leek bags
‫ﺑــﻄﺎطﯿﻦ‬ ْ bTaa Teen blankets
‫ﺧـﺮاﺑﯿﻂ‬ khraabeeT mess up
‫طـﺮاطـﯿﺮ‬
ْ TraaTeer idiots

Or the first syllable with /a/ or /i/

‫ﺷﺨﺎﺑﯿﻂ‬ sha-khaa-biiT scribbles
‫ﻛﺘﺎﻛﯿﺖ‬ ka-taa-kiit young teens
‫ﺑﺰازﯾﻦ‬ bazaa –ziin cats
‫زرازﯾﺮ‬ zaraa-ziir Sterlings (bird)
‫ﻓﺸﺎﻓﯿﺶ‬ fashaa-fiish ( black liver grilled on a charcoal fire)
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻗﯿﺪ‬ ‘anaa-qiid bunch ( cluster) usually of grape
‫ﺛﻌﺎﺑﯿﻦ‬ tha- ‘aa-biin Vipers

The Iraqi Dialect (ID)

Versus
The Modern Standard Arabic(MSA)

Introduction

The Iraqi dialect(ID) includes three distinguished sub dialects within the country.

These sub dialects are:

(1) Baghdadi dialect(BD),

(2) the Southern dialect (SD),
and (3) the Northern dialect(ND)(Abu-Haidar, 1989)or Moslawi Dialect

The Baghdadi dialect is spoken by the majority in the capital of Iraq, Baghdad (Abd-el-
Jawad, 1987).

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The Southern dialect is spoken by people in the districts south of Baghdad such as Hilla,
A’maara, Nasiriya, and Basrah (Altoma, 1969).

The Northern dialect is spoken by the minority in Baghdad and in all districts in the North part
of Iraq such as Mosul, Sharqaat, Kirkuk and the suburbs of Tikrit and Samarra.

I’ll use the general term Iraqi dialect (ID) to refer to the common features that these
sub-dialects share as one system, explaining the differences if they are significant.

The Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) that I discuss here is different from the Iraqi sub-dialects,
a school language that has its own phonology, grammar, syntax system, and rich lexicon of classical
literature with its own social discourse.

The Iraqi dialect in this study, then, includes in its analysis all the three sub-dialects,
manifesting here and there certain differences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. I also limit
myself to a few examples to make and defend my points at the three linguistic levels of this dialect:
phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.

The goal of this study then, is to raise the awareness of Learners as natives or an L2 on the issues of
sounds, grammar, and vocabulary since Arabic language lacks such dialectal research.
For the subtleties of morph-o-phonological issues, I’ll try my best to represent Arabic
‘marked’ (difficult) sounds by symbols such as /dh /for ‫ ﺿـ‬and ‫ظ‬, /q/ for ‫ ﻗــ‬, /S/ for ‫ﺻــ‬, / T / for ‫ط‬,
/H/ for ‫ﺣــ‬, /G/ for ‫ﻏــ‬, /a’/ for ‫ﻋـ‬, /x/ for ‫ ﺧــ‬. The rest are common transcription symbols used in
English dictionaries.

Phonology ‫ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﺼﻮت‬

The Iraqi dialect(ID) has 3 consonants more than the Modified Standard
Arabic(MSA), and 3 additional long vowels compared to the standard ones.

Consonants

ID has these additional consonants voiced /g/, voiceless ch , and voiceless /p/ (Altoma,
1969).

/g/ , j , /b/ voiced

/k/ , ch , /p/ voiceless

‫ج‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﻣﺟﮭورة ﻻھﺗزاز اﻻوﺗﺎر اﻟﺻوﺗﯾﺔ‬

  ‫ﻣﮭﻣوﺳﺔ ﻟﻌدم ﺗدﺧل اﻻوﺗﺎر اﻟﺻوﺗﯾﺔ‬

1. /g/ 

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It is necessary to know that there is an MSA sound /q/ ‫ ق‬which is different from /k / ‫ك‬.
This /q/ ‫ ق‬is a post-velar voiceless stop represented by an Arabic letter ‫ ﻗــ‬، ‫ ــﻘـ‬، ‫ ق‬different from
the sound /g/ , a velar voiced stop represented by this dialectal ‘gaaf’ letter  But Baghdadi dialect
uses a diaphone /g/  to articulate /q/ ‫ ق‬in most of the words of the language without changing
the meaning. Therefore, it is an allophone or diaphone for the same sound . Here are a few examples.

MSA Baghdadi dialect

‫ﻓـﻮق‬
َ 
/fauq/ /fo:g/
(over, on) (over, on)

How are you. ‫ ؟‬ -

Excellent . ‫ ل ﻧﺨﻞ‬ -

(In MSA Foq il nakhil ‫ ) ﻓﻮق اﻟﻨﺨﻞ‬means literally (on the top of the date palm), a phrase that has no
meaning in Standard Arabic).

winta shlonak ? ‫ ؟‬ ‫ وﻧﺖ‬-

walla mchayasa beedi ? ‫ ﺑﯿﺪي ؟‬ ‫ وﷲ‬-
shda dguul… maani sim’aan ‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻤﻌﺎن ؟‬...  ‫ ﺷﺪا‬-

.‫ ﻣﯿﺖ وﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ وﺗﺄﻓﻠﺴﻨﺎ‬‫ ﺧﻮ ﺗﻌﺮف ل ﺳﻮو‬. ‫ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺷﺴﻮي‬، ‫ ﻣﻠﯿﻮﺻﺔ ﺑﯿﺪي‬ ‫ دا‬-
daguulmalyuuSa beedi ma’arif shaasawwi . kho ti’arif l suug mayit w shugul maaku w t?aflasnaa.

.‫ إﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ‬.΢ّϠ
μΘΗ
Ρ΍
έͿ˯ Ύ
ηϥ΍
έϮϣ΍
ϝ .‫ ﻻ ﺗﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل‬-
Lader baal . L?imuur ?in shalla raaH titSallaH. ?ilha mudabbir.
How are you?
In fact it is not good.
What are you saying.. I can not hear you?
I say it is not good, and I do not know what to do? You know that the market is slow and there is no
work. I am bankrupt.
It does not matter. Things will get better ?inshalla (if God wills). It has a creator (God).

‫ﻗــــﻼدة‬ 
/qila:da/ /gla:da/
necklace necklace

‫رﻗﺒﺔ‬  ‫ )ﺑﺮﻗﺒﺘﮭﺎ( ؟‬ ‫ھﺎي ﺷﻤﺨﻠﻠﯿﮫ‬

Raqaba rugba .‫دة ﻣﻨﻞ ذھﺐ ل ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬
Neck neck

Haay shimkhalliya brugbatha? What has she put around her neck?
Glaada amnil thahab il khaaliS. A necklace of pure gold.

Pronouncing /q/as /g/ shows no effect on the meaning of the words. Therefore, we consider /g/ an
allophone of /q/ and not a different phoneme of the language.

‫ﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻗﻮوم‬

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/quum/ / guum /
stand up stand up

. ‫ إﻧﺖ ﺗﻠﻐﻲ ھﻮاﯾﮫ‬. (‫ ﺗﺮووح ﻣﻨﺎﻧﺎ ) ﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

Ma dguum truuH minaana. ?inta tilghii hwaaya .
Go away from here. You talk too much.

Its is remarkable to say that the Iraqi dialect imperative verbs, unlike the
Standard Arab, does not drop the long vowels in orders, such as (guum….
Stand up, get up, ?o:gaf  …..stand up, stop….. guul lii  ) tell
me ).

‫ﯾرﻗـﻊ‬
ّ 

Yraqi’a yragi’a
Patch it up patch it up

‫ ﯾرﻗﻊ‬

Yirqa’a yirga’a
hit hit (obscene - fornicate)

. ‫ ب راﺟﺪي)راﺷﺪي( وطﺮده ﻣﻨﻞ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬

Raga’aa b raajdi wtarada mnil ghurfa.
He spanked him and kicked him out of the room.

(‫ )ﺗرﻗﻌﮭﺎ‬ (‫ )ﺗﻘوم‬ ‫ﺷووف ل ﺷﻐﻠﮫ ﻏﻠط وﻻ‬

Shuuf l shaghla ghalaT w la tguum tragi’aha
Let me tell you. What you’ve done is wrong. Don’t try to patch it up.

Other Examples:

‫ﺷﻘﺪ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻮع‬ ‫ﻗﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫ﺛـ‬ ‫ص‬

Haq Shgad thigeel manguu’a gaa’a ‘augib baachir naagiS

Hag How much heavy drenched floor after tomorrow incomplete

In Southern dialect change /q/ into /j/ in certain words:

‫ﻗﺪر‬ ‫اﺑﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺪاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻘﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺟﺪر‬ ‫ﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﺮﺟﻲ * اﺑﺮﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﻣﻲ‬
Qidir Ibriiq sharqii Jreeb jiddaaHa thijeel jiddaamii
Jidir Ibriij eastern near lighter heavy in front

Sharjii = is limited to (babil sharji -neighborhood in Baghdad) or (hawa sharji – a breeze coming from
the east.

Sharj in MSA means “Anus”

In the south, speakers may change k to ch or j as in these words:

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‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻜﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻜﻮي‬ ‫ﻛﻼوي‬ ‫ﻛﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﻒ‬



Kam kbiir kthiir yinkibiH yibkii yinkiwii kalaawii kaf kitif

Cham chbiir chthiir yinkibiH yipchii yinchiwii cha-laawii chaf chitif

How many big much stumble cry be scorched kidneys hand palm shoulder

2. ch 

This sound restricts itself to the southern and Baghdadi dialects. It is similar to the English
voiceless affricate sound (a combination of the stop/t/ and fricative sh )

This sound ch  can be found

(A) in loan words, chaakuuch =  hammer

chamcha  trowel (malinj) ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻨﺞ‬

. ‫ )ﻣﺎﻟﻨﺞ( ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬  ‫ﺟﯿﺒﻠﻲ‬

Jeeblii chakuuch chbeer w chamcha (malinj) jideeda.
Bring me a big hammer and a new trowel.

(B) an allophone for the /k/ sound in certain words as chaan for ‫ﻛﺎن‬

. ‫ ﻧﻧطر اﺑوﻧﺎ ﯾﺟﻲ ل ﻋﺻر ﻣﻧل ﺷوﻏل‬ (‫ زﻏﺎر ) ﺻﻐﺎر‬ ‫ﻟﻣن‬

Liman china zghaar. China ninTir abuuna yiji l ‘aSir mnil shughil
When we were children, we waited for our father to come in the evening from his work.

and (C)as an indicator for the possessive pronoun (your) a female singular second person. shlonich 

‫ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺔ ) ﺣﺠﯿﺔ( ؟‬

Shlonich yaa khaala or (Hajiiya) ?
How are you aunt?

A. In borrowed words:
This sound /ch/ is found at the beginning, middle, and end of words. These words are loan words taken
from other languages.


/chamilugh/ /sanda weech/ /chamcha/ / char pa: j a/
fenders sandwich trowel frame of the bed

.‫ض‬ ‫ ﺳﻔﺮي ﻟﻞ ﻏﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ‬

. ‫ وﺷﻐﻠﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﯿﺪك‬ ‫ل‬

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‫ ﻣن ﺻﻔﺣﺔ ل ﯾﺳﺎر‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﺳﯿﺎرة وراح ﻛﻞ ل‬

‫ﻣﻠﻮوغ‬ ‫ ھﺬا ﺟﺎي ﻋﻞ‬..... ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ھﺬا ﻣﻮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬
Shtireit sandweech safari lil ghadwiya w gadheitha.
I bought a sandwich to go for lunch and that was it.

L chamcha li beedak ‘ateega w shughilna ma ySeer beeha.

The trowel in your hand is old and we cannot do our work with.

Dharabitni sayaara wraaH kulil chamilugh min safHatil yasaar.

A car hit me and the left fender is all gone.

Yam ‘aw-wad haatha muu maHsuub ‘aleina… haatha jaay ‘al chaamiluugh
“They do not count him on us …… he has come to us on fenders”
They do not count him against us…..he is a stand -by guy ( hanging by)

Standard Arabic (MSA) has its own words as equivalents to these words, in which this / / sound is
not found.

Iraqi Words with consonant ch 


Laakin ‫( ﻟﻛن‬laachin)  but
Chaa shlon ?  so how ? (south only)
La’aid shlon ?  ‫ﻟﻌﺪ‬  so how ?

chanTa ‫طـﮫ‬ briefcase or janTa = ‫ﺟﻨﻄﺔ‬

ChinaT ‫طـ‬ briefcases jinaT= ‫ﺟﻨﻂ‬

Chahra  (unliked) face

Chahraat  (disliked) faces

Pircheem  a patch for welding

Paraacheem  patches

marpeech (Sonda)  ( ‫) ﺻﻮﻧﺪه‬ hose

hich  do not worry about it / forget about it

kleicha  Iraqi cookies

Chavjeer  a very big spoon (for a caldron size)
( chavjeer il balad) ‫ال ﺑﻠد‬ (someone you can see everywhere)

Peicha = a scarf around woman’s head to cover her neck also

Lachak = hijaab , burgu’a, niqaab = veil ‫ ﻓﻮطﺔ‬، ‫ ﻧﻘﺎب‬، 

Zimiich = the fertile soil ‫ ﻟﻞ ﺣﺪﯾﻘﺔ‬

B. ch as diaphone for /k/ :

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In the Iraqi dialect, people tend to pronounce /k/ ‫ ك‬، ‫ ــﻜـ‬، ‫ ﻛـ‬as ch  an
allophone in most words of the language. The most common one is the /kana/ verb and its
conjugations. It is necessary to say that /jakunu/ ‫ ﯾــﻜـــﻮن‬in the present tense can’t be changed. The
change of k to ch happens only in the past tense.

MSA ID*

(it does not apply to Northern Dialect )
/ka:na/ /ch a:n/
He was He was

.‫( ھﻮاﯾﺎ‬ ) ‫ ﯾﻠﻐﻲ‬ ‫ ل أﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﻞ‬

Bhal ?ichtimaa’a il ?akheer chaan yilghii (yiHchii) hwaaya
In the last meeting, he was talking too much.

‫ﺎﻧـﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻛـ‬ 
/ka:nat/ /cha:nat/
She was She was

.‫ ﺗﻠﻐﻲ )ﺗﺪوي( ھﻮاﯾﺎ‬ ‫ ل أﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﻞ‬

Bhal ?ichtimaa’ail ?akheer chaanat tilghii (tidwii) hwaaya
In the last meeting, she was talking too much.

‫ﻛــﻨــﺖ‬
ُ ُ 
/kuntu/ or /kinit/ /chinit/
I was I was

. ‫ ﺗﻠﻐﻲ ھﻮاﯾﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺖ‬

َ ‫ ل أﺧﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﮭﻞ‬
Bhal ?ichtimaa’a il ?akheer ?inta chinit tilghi(tidwii) hwaaya.
In the last meeting, you were talking too much.

‫ﻛﻧﺎ‬ 
/kinna/ /chinna/
we were we were
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﯾن وﺷﻔﻧﺎه‬
Chinna maasheen w shifnaa
While we were walking, we saw him.


 Kaanuu chaanu
‫ ﻣﺎﺷﯾﯾن وﺷﻔﻧﺎھم‬
Chaanuu maasheen, shifnaahum (shifnaahim)
We saw them while they were walking.

*The Northern dialect uses the MSA sound /k/ as /k/, /q/ as /q/ without any change. The Iraqi dialect in
general weakens the /u/ sound in the first syllable of any word in /i/ or centralized schwa.

Conjugation of channa  ( as if)

Channi, channana as I, we were‫ﻱ‬

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Channak, channich, chankum as if you were 

Channa, channha, chanhum as if , he/ she/ they were 

. (‫ﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﻴﻑ ﺩﻨﻲ ) ﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﻚ‬

Shbiik chan-nak ma shaa-yif dinii ( id- dun-ya)
What is up … as if you are not civilized (i.e., you have not seen such a thing before) . You behave
strange .
‫ﺼﻌﻠﻭﻙ‬
Channa Sa’aluuk = he is ugly ( skinny …. does not care about his appearance and outlook)

‫ ﻣﺎ اﻋﺮف ﺷﺼﺎر ﺑﯿﮫ ؟‬..... ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ال ورد‬

Chaan mith lil warid….. ma a’arif shSaar bii?
He was OKAY …….I do not know what happened to him?
( as health or as behavior)

C. The dialectal / -ich / is used instead of MSA / -aki/

The pronoun /-ich / as one form can be linked to the end of a noun as a possessive pronoun for
female singular 2nd person only.

MSA ID*

/___uki/ /- ich/


/beitki/ /be:tich /
your(f. singl.) house your(f.singl.) house
* (it does not apply to ND)

.‫وﻣﮭـﻨـﯿﮫ‬
ّ ‫ ﻣﺮﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬  ‫ﻣﺎ‬
Ma tgu’adeen bbeitich mirtaaHa w mhanniya
Why don’t you stay in your house and get comfortable and relaxed.

‫ﻓــﻠــﻮﺳـــﻚ‬
ِ ُ ُ 
/fluuski/ /flu:sich/
your(f.singl) money your(f. singl.) money
.‫ وﯾﻦ راﺣﺖ‬
Moslawi ‫ ﻓﻠوﺳك ﻣﺣد ﯾﺎﺧذھﺎ ﻣﻧك‬.‫ﺷﺑﯾﻛﻲ ﻣﯾﺗﮫ ﻋل ﻓﻠوس‬
Baghdadi or Southern 
Fluusich wein raaHat?
Shbeeki mayta ‘al fluus. Fluusich maHad yakhithha minnich.

Where has all you money gone?

Why are you so worried about money, No one will take your money from you.

NOTE:

 The Northern dialect (ND) uses /-ik/ as one singular feminine form of grammar instead of the
three MSA grammar alternatives /-uki/ as a nominative case, /-aki/ as accusative case, and /-
iki/ as a genitive case.

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Three Samples:

(1) MSA:

your (singular feminine) house

Baytuki ( nominative) = subject

baytaki ( accusative) = object to a verb
baytiki (genitive)=object to a preposition
in that order

‫ﺑﯿﺘـﻚ‬
ِ ِ ، ‫ﺑﯿﺘـﻚ‬ ِ ُ
ِ َ ، ‫ﺑﯿﺘﻚ‬

(2) The Iraqi Northern Dialect (Moslawi) drops the vowel of the grammar case before (-ki) :

Beitki,
fluuski,
‘amalki

‫ ِك‬+ ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ‬، ‫ ِك‬+ ‫ ﻓﻠﻮس‬، ‫ ِك‬+ ‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬

(3) Iraqi Southern Dialect :
The speakers in the south keep the same vowel /i/ before (ch)
Beitich,
fluusich,
‘amalich
in that order
 ِ‫ ـــ‬+ ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ‬،  + ِ ‫ ــ‬+ ‫ﻓﻠﻮس‬ ،  + ِ ‫ ــــ‬+ ‫ﺑﯿﺖ‬

Again, Speakers of the Northern Dialect do not show the grammar case of the noun and they add (ki)
instead of /ich/.

This pronoun can link itself to the end of a preposition as an object of that preposition, as well.(still
feminine singular)

MSA ID (southern and Baghdadi)

‫ﻣــﻌـﻚ‬
ِ َ َ  ‫وﯾﺎ‬
/maa’aki/ /wiyaach/
with you with you (feminine singular)

. ‫ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬ ‫رﺣﺖ ﻟﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ‬

‫وﯾﺎك‬
riHit lil shughil wiyaach- lbaarHa
riHit lil shughil wiyaak- lbaarHa
I went to work with you yesterday.
ِ ‫ِﺑــﺪوﻧــﻚ‬ 
/bi du:naki/ /blayaach
without you without you
. ‫ل أي ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اروح‬
‫ﺑﻠﯿﺎك‬
maa ruuH blayaach l?ay makaan
maa ruuH blayaak l?ay makkan
I don’t go without you anywhere.

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‫ﻋـﻠـﯿـِﻚ‬ 
/a’aleiki/ /a’le:ch /
on you on you
.ً ‫ اﺑﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ اﻋﺘﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬
Ma’atimid ‘aleich ?abadan
Ma”atimid ‘aleik ?abadan
I don’t depend on you at all.

This pronoun /-ich/ can also attach itself to the end of a verb as an object as a singular feminine second
person pronoun (you).
MSA ID (southern and Baghdadi)

‫رأﯾـــﺘــــﻚ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﺷــــﻔـــﺘـــــ‬
ِ ِ
/ ra ?eituki/ /sh iftich /
I saw you (f.singl.). I saw you (f.singl.).

. ‫ ﺑﻞ ﺷﺎرع اﻟﻠﻲ اﻣﺎم ل ﺳﻮوك‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎرح‬

‫ﺗﺘﻤﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﻚ‬
shiftich mbaariH titmashein bil shaari’a illi ?amaam l suuk
shiftak mbaariH titmashaa bil shaari’a illi ?amaam l suuk.
I saw you walking down the street that is next to the market.
‫ﺳـﺎﻋــﺪﺗـــﻚ‬
ِ ُ 
/sa:a’ad tu:ki/ /sa:a’ad titS /
I helped you(f.singl.) I helped you (f.singl.).
.  ‫ ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﯿﺪ‬ 
‫وﯾﺎك‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻚ‬
. ‫ ﻣﺎ دا ﯾﻔﯿﺪ‬ 
Shgad saa’ait tich bas maa yfeed wiyaach
Shgad saa’at tak bas maa yfeed wiyaak
Shgad saweit wiyaach ma-da yfeed
I helped you a lot but you don’t see it.

The Iraqi dialect ‘attached- Possessives’ Table

fluus-ii my money ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮس‬

fluus-na our money ‫ﻧـﺎ‬

fluus-ak your money M. ‫َك‬

   fluus-ich (kii- Jordanian/ Moslawi) your money F.(‫ﻜﻲ‬ ) ِ ‫ﻙ‬ ِ
 fluus-kum Your money Pl. 


 fluus-a (-u Jordanian / Moslawi) his money  
 fluus-ha her money 
 fluus-hum their money 

D: Some Arabic words with sh change into Iraqi ch :

e.g. ‫إﻧﻔﺸﺦ‬   ‫إﻧﻔطر‬\ 

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?infishakh break of the skull ?infiTar / ?infichakh

(‫ راﺳﮫ)راﺳﻮ( وﺑﺪا ل دم ﯾﻨﺰف ﻣﻨﮫ )ﻣﻨﻮ‬ ، (‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺿﺮﺑﮫ ) ﺿﺮﺑﻮ( ب ﺣﺼﻮة طﺨﺖ راﺳﮫ ) راﺳﻮ‬
Limman dharaba b HaSwa Takhat raasa w fachakhitta wbida l dam yinzaf minna
When he threw a gravel at him, it hit his head and broke his skull which started bleeding.

‫ﺷﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎوﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺒﺸﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺷﻒ إﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻚ ﻓﺮﺷﺔ‬

  ‫طﺔ‬

chai chaweesh kalabcha chanta chingaal ?inch charshaf fircha che:k

Tea sergeant P handcuffs bag hook inch sheet(bed) brush check

E: some words with /k/ change into /ch/

‫اﻧﻜﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮش‬ ‫ﺳﻜﯿﻦ‬ ّ

‫ﻛﻼب‬ ‫ﻛﯿﺲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻛﺬاب‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺬب‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﺫﺏ‬‫ﺗـ‬
Inchi-baH chirish Sicheen  chillab  chees isti-chaan  chaithaab tichthib
Stumbled belly Knife  hook  bag became quiet  liar  lie (v.)

Compare:

jath-thaab (attractive) ‫ﺠﺫﺍﺏ‬

chath-thaab ( liar) (‫ﺫﺍﺏ ) ﻜﺫﺍﺏ‬

juub ( dry skin of an animal for skimming milk) ‫ﺠﻭﻭﺏ‬

Chuup ( tire)

Jaay ( is coming) ‫ﺠﺎﻱ‬

chaay ( tea)  

yiHshii ( stuff things in ) 
yiH-chii ( speak) 

We may notice three readings (northern, middle , and southern ) for the same words:


Ibriiq khifaq DaH-Haq  Daq 
Ibriig khifag DaH-Hag Dag
Ibriij khifaj DaH-Haj Daj

3. /p/ the Persian letter 

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Unlike the Modified Standard Arabic, the Iraqi dialect has the voiceless and aspirated stop
labial /p/ at the beginning, middle and end of words. These words are borrowed words taken from other
languages.
 
/para u:t/ / si:pa:ja/ /parda/
parachute luggage rack curtain

.‫ ﺣﻠﻮة ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ ل ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ل ﺑﺎب ل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ‬  ‫ﺷﺘﺮﯾﻨﺎ‬

‫ ھﺎي‬. ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺤﻤﻞ ل ﻏﺮاض اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬

ّ ‫ راح‬ ‫ ھﺎي ل‬. ‫ ل‬‫ﻧطﻧﺎ‬‫ زﻏﯿﺮة وﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻊ ل‬ ‫ھﺎي ل‬
.‫ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬‫ﺛـ‬

‫ ﻣﺎ‬، ‫ دوورﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬‫اﻧﻔﻠﺖ ل ﺑﺴﻤﺎر ﻣﻨﻞ طﺎرﻣﺔ ﺑﻞ طﺎﺑﻖ ل ﺛﺎﻧﻲ وﻧﺰل ﺑﺮﺷﻮت ﻋﻞ ﺷﺎرع اﻟﻠﻲ وراﻧﺎ و‬


Shtireina parda shgad Hilwa l barHaa l ‘aSir mnil baabil sharji

haayil seepaaya zgheera w maa tisa’a l chanTatna l gbeera. haayil seepaaya raaH matitHammal
gharaadh ilee ‘aleiha. Haay thigeela ‘aleiha.
?infilatil bismaar mnil Taarma bil Taabiqil thaani w nizal parashuut ‘al shaari’a ?ili waraana wshgad
dawarna ‘alei w maa ligeinaa.

We bought a nice curtain yesterday evening from Al baab il sharji

This luggage rack is small and it does not accommodate our big bags. This rack cannot hold all things
on. This is too heavy for it.
A nail released from this verandah on the 2nd floor and it went down straight to the street behind our
house. We tried to find it but we couldn’t.

4. / dh / ‫ ﺿــ‬، ‫ظـ‬

In the Iraqi dialect, there is no difference between ‫ ظـ & ﺿــ‬in pronunciation. The Iraqi
people keep the spelling of the words with two different figures ‫ ﺿـ‬, ‫ ظ‬, but they pronounce them the
same.

Standard Arabic:
‫ﺿـــﻞ ّ اﻟﻄـﺮﯾـﻖ‬ ‫ظـــﻞ ﺑﺎﻟـﺒــﯿــﺖ‬
‫ﱠ‬
/ dhal l treig/ / Dal bilbeit/
He got lost He remained

In Standard Arabic the two sounds, however, are different:

/ dh / ‫ ض‬is an emphatic pharyngealized voiced alveolar sound.
‫ﺿــﻠﮫ‬
/dal la/
got lost-he = He got lost
/D / ‫ ظ‬is an emphatic pharyngealized voiceless inter-dental sound.

‫ظــﻠﮫ‬
/ D al la/
stayed-he = He stayed

In the Iraqi dialect, the Iraqis keep the classical writing to differentiate the meaning but the sound is the
same.

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Exercise:

.  (‫ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ال ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ) ﻟﻘﻰ‬ ( ‫ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺐ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ )ﺷﻘﻰ‬.1

. ‫ﺍل ﺤﺏ‬ ‫ﻁ‬ ( ‫ دا ﯾﻨﻄﻮﻧﺎ اﻟﺘﻤﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ )ﻧﺎﻗﻮط‬.2

‫ ﺴﺭﻭﺝ‬( ‫ﻜﻼﺏ‬ ‫ )ﻗﻠﺔ( ﺍل ﺨﻴل ﺸﺩﻭ ﻋل ﺍل‬ ‫ ﻤﻥ‬.3
(‫ ) ﻨﻘﻠﺏ‬‫ ﺨل‬ ..... ‫ ﻟﻤﻥ ﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺠﺘﻲ‬.4
.‫ﺹ ﻟﻤﻥ ﻨﺭﻭﻭﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺎﻋﻡ‬ ‫ ﺒﺱ ﻨﺤﺏ ﻨﺎﻜل‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﺏ ﺍل ﺘﻤﻥ ﻭ)ﻤﺭﻗﺔ‬ .5
‫ ﺍل ﺍﻜﻭ ﻭل ﻤﺎﻜﻭ‬ ( ‫ﻟﻤﻥ ﺍﻜﻭ ﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺡ ) ﻴﺤﺘﺭﻕ‬ .6
‫ ال‬ (‫ ﻓﻠﻮﺳﮭﻢ )ﻗﺪام‬ (‫ ال ﻧﺎس ) ﯾﻤﺰﻗﻮن‬‫ ال ﻓﻠﻮس ﺻﺎر ﻣﺎ اﻟﮭﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ و) ﻗﺎﻣﻮ‬.7
.‫ﺷﺮطﺔ وﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺻﻮرة ال رﯾﺲ‬
‫ )ﯾﻘﻮم وﯾﻘﻌﺪ( وھﻮ طﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ وﻛﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ‬.... (‫) ﻗﻌﺪ ﻗﺪاﻣﻲ‬ ‫ راح‬... ‫ ﺑﻠـ ﺳﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬.8
. ‫) ﯾﻘﻌﺪ( ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻜﺎن‬ ‫… ﻟﻮ‬.. ‫ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﯾﺘﺪﻧﻰ راﺳﮫ ﺣﺘﻰ اﺷﻮف‬‫ )ﻓﻘﻠﺖ ﻟﮫ‬....
  ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪه‬.9
 ‫ﻁ‬ 10

1. ya min ti’ab , ya min shiga yamin ‘ala l Hadhir liga.

Some people sow , other sow. Some people ork hard, others make the benefit out of it.
2. Da yinTuuuna il tamwiin mithil naguuT il Hib
They give us very little rations like drops of water oozing from the water jar.
3. min gil-latil kheil shaduu a’la il chlaab sruuch.
There are no qualified people, so they accept anybody to do the job.
4. liman shaaf il shurta jat-tii galilhum khal nuglub
When he saw the police arrive, he said : “let us jump over the fence and escape .”
5. iHna nHib timman u murga lim-man naakil bil beit bas naakil gaS lim-man naakil bil
maTaa’aim
We like rice and tomato stew when we eat at home but we eat shaawirma ( grilled around
Fire) when we eat at restaurants.
6. lim-man aku naar, raaH yiHtirig il aku wil maaku
When fire breaks out, it burns everything.
7. lim-man il fluus maSaar ilha qiima, sari l naas ymazquun fluushum gid-damil shurTa w ‘aleiha
Suuratil rayis.
The money has become of no value and people started tearing them in front of the police in
spite of the President’s picture on them.
8. bil siinama raaH gi’aid gid-daamii..... wkul shwaya yguum u yug’aud w hu-wa Twiil. Faa..
gitla shway-a yit-danna rasa lo: yig’aid bgheir bukaan.
In the cinema ... he sat in front of me.. and started every now and then standing and sitting
down..... so, I told him to bend his head a bit so that I can see or he can change his place and
sit somewhere else.
9. maa a’inda khulig
He does not feel good.
10. itha maa niHchii raaH ninTag .
If we do not express ourselves, we will burst.
If we hide it, we will psychology hurt ourselves.

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Vowels :
There are two additional vowels in the Iraqi dialect compared with those of classical Arabic:
/e:/ ( َ ‫ ) ـــﯿـــ‬, and /o:/ ( ‫) َو‬. They are longer than the classical sounds, though they have the same
written forms.

1. Long /e:/ 

Iraqi speakers use the diphthong /e:/ to replace the Standard Arabic diphthong /aj/ to show
certain feminine gender, such as /a’te:ni/(give me) ‫ أﻋـﻄــــﯿــﻨـﻲ‬when the addresser is a female. ‫ إﻧـﻄﯿﻨﻲ‬is
ID.

Imperative verbs
Imperative Differences between Moslawi and Others:

Sample ( khith = to take)

Moslawi Baghdadi and South

Khitho ?ikh-tha ( You–masculine take it-masculine)
Kitheenu ?ikh-thee-h (You-feminine take it-masculine)

Khitha ?ikhith-ha (You-masculine take it-feminine)

Khitheeha ?ikh-thee-ha (you-feminine take it- feminine ( or plural inanimate)

Practice:

Sheela, sheelu, sheelha, sheelhum

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‫ ﺷﯿﻠﮭﻢ‬، ‫ ﺷﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬، ‫ ﺷﯿﻠﻮ‬،‫ﺷﯿﻠﮫ‬

Take it-feminine(Moslawi)
Take it-masculine

Vowels Versus Semi-vowels

It is essential to mention that /aj/ diphthong in MSA indicates dual number (which refers to
two people or things as number)in the accusative or genitive case as in the word /mua’alim aj n/ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺔ َﯾـﻦ‬
, a diphthong which is different from the long plural vowel /i:/ which refers to an accusative and
genitive case of masculine plural such as /mua’alim i: n/ ‫ ﻣـﻌـﻠـ ِـﻤــﯿـﻦ‬.

Standard standard
dual number plural number
(object )

‫ﻣـﻌـﻠـﻤـ َـﯿـــــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣـﻌـﻠـﻤـﯿــﻦ‬

/ mua'alim ajn / / mua’alimi:n/
two teachers teachers

‫ﻣـﻮظـﻔـَــﯿـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣـﻮظــﻔـــــﯿـــﻦ‬
/mu wa dhifajn / /mu wadhifi:n/
two employees employees

The common dual in Iraqi is pronounced as /e:/ or /ei/ and can be represented as 

Mu’alime:n

ID uses /e:/ instead of /aj/ .

‫ ؟‬ (where ?) ‫وﯾﻦ راﯾﺢ؟‬

/we:n/ we:n raayiH ? Where are you going ?

‫ ؟‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬ (to where? ) ‫ﻟﻲ وﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ؟‬

/lii wein/ Lii we:n to:Sal ? Where do you reach?

‫ ؟‬ (from Where? ) ‫ﺠﺎﻱ ؟‬

/mne:n/ mne:n jaay ? Where do you come from?

    Shame !  

/ ‘aeib / ‘ae:b ‘aale:k . It is shame on you

 ( desire) (gladness & happiness)

Keif keifii ija. I am glad.
 bkeifak ( up to you , the way you wish)

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  le:l ‫ﻁﻭﻴل‬ ‫ﺒﺸـ ﺸﺘﻲ‬

Leil ( night) il le:l bish shitii Taw-wiil . The night in winter is long.

 . ‫ﺭﺍﺡ ﻨﺸﻭﻭﻓﻜﻡ‬

ze:n
Zein ( good,well) ze:n raaH nshuufkum. Well we will see you.

The Iraqi dialect dual case /e:n/ :

 (two girls)

/bin te:n/

 (two boys)

/walade:n/
Shifit binte:n w wala-de:n. 

Practice

1. juu-‘aaa-neen. Khal-le nruuH naa-kil-linna lugma luumtein wnirja’a lil shughul.

We are hungry. Let us go and eat a bit and come back to work
 ( ‫ ﺨﻠﻠﻲ ﻨﺭﻭﻭﺡ ﻨﺎﻜﻠﻠﻨﺎ )ﻟﻘﻤﺔ‬... ‫ﺠﻭﻋﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬
2. Lbaarha Ha Hajaa-zit bi-Taaqtein thintein mnil internet.
‫ ﻣﻨﻞ اﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬‫ﺒﻁﺎﻗﺘﻴﻥ ﺜــ‬ ‫ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ ﺣﺠﺰت‬
3. aku bas maq-‘aa-dein thnein bil-wara . itha triid raaH iHjizlak iyaahum.
. ‫ھﻢ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻛﻮ ﺑﺲ ﻣﻘﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻞ ورا اذا ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﺣﺠﺰﻟﻜﻢ‬
4. Khalee nruuH lil Gahwa nuq’aud hnaak. Yimkin nil-‘abin naa daas daasein azniif
wnirja’a lil beit . la’aid shluun yingadhii il wagit?
 ( ‫ﻨﻘﻌﺩ‬ (‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﻧﺮووح ) ﻟﻠﻘﮭﻮة‬
 (‫ﻀــﻲ ﺍل ) ﻭﻗﺕ‬ (‫) ﻴﻨﻘﻀﻲ‬
5.RaaH aruuH lil suug a’inda shaghla ahaghiltein asawiihum w raaji’a lihnaa
maratlukh.
I’ll go to the market. I have a couple of errands to do and I’ll be back here again.
 (‫راح ارووح ﻟﻞ )ﺳﻮق‬

6. RaaH ashtirii-lii ktaabe:n tlaatha mnil mak-taba w ajiik.
I will buy 2 or 3 books and come back to you.
.‫راح اﺷﺘﺮي ﻟﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻼﺛﺔ واﺟﯿﻚ‬
2. Long /o:/ 

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This dialectal vowel /o:/ is longer and more open than the ordinary /o/ that Standard Arabic
language uses. To show its length, the Iraqi educators tend to use the Persian letter ‫ و‬as an indicator of
this vowel.

shlo:n  ( How ?)

lo:n ‫ﻟﻮن‬ّ ( color)
(ho:sh)   (cow)
Bo:sh   ( empty, in vain, bullying somebody to obey you )
Il mudiir gaam ‘ale: w akhath bo:sha.
The Manager shouted at him and took over.(the other became submissive).
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺨﺫ‬
Mo:z  (banana)
Bo: g  (theft, stealing)
Tho:g ( ‫) ذوق‬  ‫ ( ذ‬taste)
SaaHib tho:g =  ‫ ( ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ذ‬he has taste)
Ho: sa  ( anarchy/ chaos)
Bo:sa  (a kiss)
Lo:  ( or) (if)
Lo: muu  if were not for, had not been for

Lo: muu l khaaT-rak maa chinit asaw-wii-ha

Had not been for you, I would have not done it.
( I did this because of you)
. ‫ﺍﺴﻭﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﻭ ﻟﺨﺎﻁﺭﻙ‬

4. Long /u:/ ‫وو‬

We also recognize another long vowel /u:/ in the sounds of the Iraqi dialect . Here are a few
examples
‫ﻣــــﻮو‬
/mu:/
(isn’t, aren’t, don’t, doesn’t ) to make a negative question?

‫ ؟‬‫ﻣــﻮو إﻧـﺖ اﻟﻠﻲ رﺣـﺖ‬

/ mu: ?intal li: riHit u j e:t /
Aren’t you the one who left and came back?
( ‫ﺑـــﻮوﯾـــﮫ ) ا‬
/bu:ja/
my dad ( a friendly way to address somebody)

. ‫ راح ﺗـﺬب ال ﻣﻜـﺘﻮب ھﻨﺎك وﺗـــﺠـﻲ‬. ‫ﺑــﻮوﯾـﺎ إﻧـﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴـﻮي ﺷــﻲ‬

/bu:ja, ?inta ma: tsau wi: i: sh i: . RaaH t th ib el maktu:b hnaak w tiji

Friend, you are not doing anything. You’ll Put the

the letter over there and come.
( ‫ﺧﻮوﯾﮫ ) ا‬
/ khuuya/

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My brother ( a friendly way to address somebody of your age)

. َ ‫ﺼــﺩﺕ ( اﻧﺖ‬ ) ‫ ﺗﺮى آﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺪت‬...... ‫ﺧﻮوﯾﮫ‬

Bother ….I did not mean you
My brother …Never meant you

‫ﻋﯿﻮوﻧﻲ‬
/ my eyes/
‘ayuuni ma inta ma da trak-kiz
My eyes, you are not focusing.
ّ ‫ ﻣﻮو اﻧﺖ ﻣﺎ دا‬.... ‫ﻋﯿﻮوﻧﻲ‬
. ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ‬

Consonant clusters:

Unlike MSA, the Iraqi dialect has consonant clusters at the beginning of a
word.
MSA ID (in general)

‫اﻟــﺸــﻮارع‬
ِ َ ‫ﺗـــﺪﻣــــﺮت‬
ِ ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗـــﺪﻣـــــﺮت ل دراﺑــــﯿـــﻦ‬
/ta dam ma rat il a waa ria’/ /td m rat l dra: bi:n /
The streets are destroyed The streets are destroyed

In the careful speech of the Iraqi dialect, a two-consonant cluster is observed at the beginning of the
words.

CC + V /td/, /mr/, /dr/ ‫\ در‬ ‫\ مر‬ ‫تد‬

If we analyze clusters in the above sentence, we can find a four-consonant cluster across the
boundaries of words. In the Iraqi dialect, you may have the last consonant /t/ at the end of the verb
/tdam rat/ added to the three consonants at the beginning of /ldraabiin/. Casual and fast speech usually
forms these types of clusters in social conversations.
/t d a m r a t l d r a: b i: n/
cc vccv cccc v cv c

Arabic speakers who are MSA-oriented have problems in producing clusters that are dialect-oriented,
not being able to avoid schwa /  / in between consonants.
MSA-oriented speaker Dialect-oriented speaker

‫ﺗـــــﺪﻣـــﺮت‬
َ‫َ َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺗــــﺪ ﻣـــﺮت‬
ta dam marat tdam mrat
was destroyed

‫ﺗـﺪرﺑﺖ‬
ُ ّ ََ ‫ﺗﺪرﺑﺖ‬
ِ ّ

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ta-dar-rab-tu tdar-ra-bit
I received training

‫ﻟﻤﺎذا ﺗﻠﻌﺜﻤﺖ ؟‬ ‫ﺷﻮف ﺗﻠﻌﺜﻤﺖ‬

li-maatha ta-la’a-tham-ta shuuf tla’a-tha-mit
I stammered

Glottal consonant/?/:

In the Iraqi dialect (ID), the glottal/?/ is retained at the beginning of a word, but it is not
pronounced in the middle or at the end of a word. When it is not pronounced in the middle or end, the
duration of this sound is added to the length of the adjacent short vowel which becomes longer in the
dialect.

MSA ID

ٍ‫ﺠِــﺌـــﺕ‬ 

/j i?ti/ / j e:ti/
[you-f. Singl.] came [ you-f.singl.] came

‫ﺻـــﺤــﺮاء‬ ‫ﺻــﺤــﺮا‬

/saH ra:?/ /saH ra:/

desert desert

Practice
some nouns or (present participle ) active adjectives:

gaayim = awake ‫ﻗﺎﯾﻢ‬

raayiH = going, leaving ‫راﯾﺢ‬
naayim = sleepy, sleeping ‫ﻧﺎﯾﻢ‬
shaayif = seeing, is educated and rich , experienced ‫ﺷﺎﯾﻒ‬
zaayif = forged, not real ‫زاﯾﻒ‬
khaayif = afraid ‫ﺧﺎﯾﻒ‬
saayiq = driver ‫ﺳﺎﯾﻖ‬
naayib = vice , by proxy ‫ﻧﺎﯾﺐ‬
jaayif = self-conceited, dry ‫ﺟﺎﯾﻒ‬
HaayiT = wall ‫ﺣﺎﯾﻂ‬
Haaayir = confused , does not know what to do ‫ﺣﺎﯾﺮ‬
Taayir = speedy, flying ‫طﺎﯾﺮ‬
Tayaara = plane ‫طﯿﺎرة‬
Baayi’a = seller, sailsman ‫ﺑﺎﯾﻊ‬
Shaarii = purchaser, buyer ‫ﺷﺎري‬
Shii = thing ‫ﺷﻲ‬
Saayib = correct ‫ﺻﺎﯾﺐ‬
Shaayib = old man with a grey hair ‫ﺷﺎﯾﺐ‬
Ghaayib = absent ‫ﻏﺎﯾﺐ‬
Saayir = walking ( driving) on his way, (not interfering ‫) ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺪرﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬
Baayid = old , ex ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬
Baayit = staled , kept over night ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺖ‬
‘aaayif = has left ‫ﻋﺎﯾﻒ‬
Taayif = floating, not needed, extra ‫طﺎﯾﻒ‬
Maayi’a = does not follow the social rules and behavior ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻊ‬
Shaayi’a = in vogue, common ‫ﺷﺎﯾﻊ‬

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Faayit = already gone, passed, past ‫ﻓﺎﯾﺖ‬

‘aaayid = returnee, going back to ‫ﻋﺎﯾﺪ‬

There are cases, Iraqi speakers keep (hamza ? ) in words such as

‫ﻋﺒﺄ‬ َ‫ﻓﺠﺄة‬ ‫ﺳﺆال‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬

?ib-? Fuj-?a-tan su-?aal mas-?alla
burden suddenly question issue

Note: Shiites in the South of Iraq put a glottal /?/ before almost every verb especially in the past.

You hear it / ?ije:t /  I came

/?intadharit/ ‫إﻧﺘﻈﺮت‬ I waited
/ ?ilbasit/ ‫إﻟﺒﺴﺖ‬ I wore
/ ?itrikit/ ‫إﺗﺮﻛﺖ‬ I left

Other Iraqis drop /?/ from the beginning of each word even when it is part of it in origin, such as
/?intadharit) to make a cluster of 2 consonants at the beginning of each word:

je:t  

Ntidharit ‫ﻧﺘﻈﺮت‬
lbisit ‫ﻟﺒﺴﺖ‬
trikit ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺖ‬

In case of the definite the ( al), Iraqis pronounce it ( ?il) whenever it makes the
beginning of an utterance, or if there is a time space in between the words when Iraqis
talk slowly to each other. Sometimes it conveys the meaning as emphasis on the word
if you want to do it for that reason.
Beginning of an utterance: ‫ال ﻋﺮاق ﺑﻠﺪ ﻏﻨﻲ ب ﻧﻔﻄﮫ‬
?il ‘airaaq balad ghanii bnafTa
Iraq is a country rich of oil.
/?il ‘airaaq/ is at the beginning of the speech.
Time space in between: ‫ ﺑﯿﮫ‬ ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ‬.. ‫ إل ﺟﺒﺎر‬... ‫ھﺬا ل ﻋﻤﻞ‬
Haatha l’amal..?il jabbar….?illi gaam bii
This work…the remarkable one…that he did

The word /?il jabbar/…and /?illi/ receive stress to convey emphasis.

Changing /u/ and /a/ into /i/ in the first syllable.

In the Iraqi dialect, the first syllable vowels /u/ or /a/ changes into /i/*. In MSA, the vowel in
the first syllable can be /a/ or /u/as shown in the following examples.
MSA ID

‫ﺗـــﻜــﺘـــﺒــــﯿـﻦ‬
ُ َ ‫ﺗـــﻜــﺘـــﺒـﯿـﻦ‬
ِ

/tak tu: bi:n/ /tkitbiin/

you (f. singular) are writing.

‫ﯾـﺰﻋـﺠـﻨــﻲ‬
ُ ‫ﯾــﺰﻋــﺠــﻨـﻲ‬
ِ

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 41

/juz a’idj ni/ /yiza’ij ni/

(masculine singular thing /person) bothers me

ُ ‫َ َ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ﺗـــــﺘـــﺤـــﻄـــﻢ‬ ّ
‫ﺗــﺘــﺤﻄﻢ‬
ِ
will /ta ta Hat ta mu:/ /tit HaT Tam/
(feminine singular / things ) be destroyed

 It is worth mentioning that/i/ is centralized to shwa.

Grammar and Syntax

1. Iraqi dialect has no case ending.

Unlike MSA, the Iraqi dialect does not add a vowel to the end of words, and it does not show
the grammar cases. Words, therefore, end with consonants rather than vowels (Heywood& Nahmad,
1982). There is a tendency that the past tense verb in the Iraqi Arabic dialect starts with a 2- consonant
cluster, affected by the ancient Mesopotamian languages in the area and similar to the Assyrian dialects
of the indigenous people of Iraq.

MSA ID

‫ﺮﺑﺖ‬
ُ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺑﺖ‬
/sha rab tu / /shribit/
I drank. I drank.

MSA ID

‫اﻟــﻜـﺘـﺎب‬
َ ِ ‫إﺷـﺘـﺮﯾــﺖ‬
ُ ‫اﺷــــﺘـــﺮﯾــــﺖ ل ﻛــﺘــﺎب‬
/?ish ta rei tu al ki taaba/ / sh tre:t l kta:b/
I bought the book. I bought the book.

MSA ID

ِ ‫ذھﺒﺖ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫رﺣـــﺖ ﻟﻞ ﺑـــﯿـــﺖ‬

/thahab tu ?ila l beiti/ /riHt lil be:t/
I went home. I went home.

Shiites, usually, put /?/ glottal before the verbs specially in the past tense and they keep /?/ if MSA has
it at the beginning of the verbs such as /?intadhart/ ‫إﻧﺘﻈﺮت‬

2. Dual number and the plural number cases are always in the accusative case.

41
 42

There is a tendency in all dialects to use the accusative dual case /e:/ for all grammar cases.

MSA ID
/a:n/ /e:n/
‫ﻋـﻨـﺪي ﻛــﺘـﺎﺑـﺎن‬  ‫ﻋــﻨـﺪي‬
/a’indi kita:ba:n/ /a’indi kta:be:n/
I have two books. I have two books.

When the Iraqi people read numbers especially the tens, hundreds, and thousands, they use the
accusative /-i:n/ instead of the nominative / -u:n/ :
MSA ID
/-u:n/ /-i:n/
ً‫ﻋـﻨـﺪي ﻋﺸـﺮون دﻓــﺘـﺮا‬ ‫ﻋـﻨـﺪي ﻋـﺸﺮﯾـﻦ دﻓـﺘـﺮ‬
/a’indi a’i ru:na daftaran/ /a’indi a’i ri:n daftar/

The same thing is true about the regular masculine plural. They use /-i:n/ as accusative instead of the
nominative /-u:n/. You rarely hear /u:n/ as an indicator of plural.
MSA
/u:n/
‫ﯾﺄﻛــﻞ اﻟـﻤﻌﻠـﻤﻮن اﻟـﻔـﻄـﻮر اﻻن‬
/Ja?kulu ?almua’limuna ?alfitu:ra ?al ?a:n/
The teachers are eating breakfast now.
ID
/i:n/
‫ال ﻣﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ دا‬
/lma’almi:n da: yit-raya-guun/
The teachers are eating breakfast.

The Iraqi dialect uses masculine plural verb form for both masculine and feminine plural but some
tribes use (na) such as rihna to mean (they feminine plural went). I really neglect that usage in here for
simplification.

MSA ID
‫اﻻوﻻد ﯾـﺬھـﺒـﻮن‬ ‫ال ﻟﻮﻻد ﯾــﺮوﺣـﻮن‬
‫ﯾــﺮﺣﻮن‬
ِ ‫وﻟــﺪ‬
ِ ِ ‫إل‬
/?al ?au la:d jath habu:na/ /?illuulaad jirHu:n/
/ iL- wilid yir-Huun /

The boys go The boys go

/ja________u:n/* 1 /ji_______u:n/*

In the Iraqi dialect, the vowel /a/ in the first syllable of the verb changes into /i/ in the masculine plural.

In the Standard Arabic,/-u:na/at the end of the verbs refers to the plural masculine.

MSA ID
‫اﻟـﺒـﻨـﺎت ﯾـﺬھـﺒـﻦ‬ ‫ﯾــﺮﺣـﻮن‬
ِ ‫ال ﺑــﻨﺎت‬
/?al ba na:t jath hab na / /lbana:t ji rHu: n/
/ja__________na /* /ji_____ u:n/

2* tribal: /yriHna/ ‫ھﻦ ﯾﺮﺣﻦ‬

‫إﻧـﺘﻦ ﺗﺮﺣﻦ‬
Henna yirhan they(girls) go
?intin triHna You (girls) go

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 43

Again for the feminine plural in the Iraqi dialect, /a/ changes into /i/ similar to that of masculine.

*1. In Standard Arabic,/ -na/ at the end refers to the plural feminine.
*2. In southern dialect and nomadic dialect /yirHan/ [they( girls) go] is heard as another pattern for
feminine 3rd person plural..
But for the 2nd person feminine plural, you may hear [(intin) (you girls)] /triHna/ (go).In fact, we
avoid this feminine plural structure and stick to the masculine plural for both genders.

In brief,
/ ji _______ u:n) / is the only discontinuous morpheme of the plural form of verbs for both genders in
the Iraqi general dialect.
‫ون‬ _ _ _ ‫ﯾــ‬
3. The future tense :

The Iraqi dialect indicator for future is “raaH”, which means “went”. This ‘went’-future
particle is inserted before the present tense form of the verb to indicate far future (will).
In MSA, we insert " ‫ “ ﺳــ‬as a prefix before the present verb for, or we use a word " ‫ “ ﺳـﻮف‬as a free
morpheme before the verb in the present form.

A: Far future:

raaH + present tense verb

(conjugated according to the person)
Will + (verb base) - English language

MSA ID

‫ﺳﺎراك‬
َ ‫أﺷــﻮﻓـــﻚ‬
َ ‫راح‬
/ sa ?araaka / /ra:H ?ash u:fak/
I will see you. I will see you.

B: Near Future

In the Iraqi dialect, the syntax is :

(is, are + going to + verb base )

(1) raaH +
(2) (y)ruuH - present tense conjugation +
(3) verb in present = yshu:f

The three parts go in that order.

The first part /ra:H/ ‫ راح‬is always the same.

The second part /jru:H/ changes according to its personal pronoun.
The third part changes according to its personal pronouns similar to the second part.

Here is a complete present form table of the word /jru:H/ with various personal pronouns in the
Iraqi dialect.

MSA ID
‫ﺳـﺄدرس‬ ‫راح ارووح ادرس‬
‫ﺳـﻮف أدرس‬ ‫راﯾﺢ ادرس‬
/sa ?adrusu/ or/sawfa ?adrusu/ ra:H ?aru:H ?adrus

I am going to study .

MSA ID

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 44

‫ﺳـﻨـﺪرس‬
ُ sanadrusu ‫راح ﻧﺮووح ﻧﺪرس‬
ُ ‫ ﺳﻮف ﻧـﺪرس‬sawfa nadrusu
/sa nad russu/ /ra:H nru:H nidris /
or/sawfa nad rusu/

We are going to study .

MSA ID

‫ﺳﺘﺪرﺳﯿﻦ‬ Satadrusi:na ‫راح ﺗﺮﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺪرﺳﯿﻦ‬

‫ ﺳـﻮف ﺗـﺪرﺳـﯿﻦ‬sawfa tadrisi:na
/sa tad ru si:na/ /ra:H tirHi:n tdir si:n/
/sawfa tadrussi:na/

You (F.singl.)are going to study

MSA ID

ُ ‫ﺳـﺘــﺪرس‬
ُ satadrusu ‫ﺗــﺪرس‬
ِ ِ ‫راح ﺗــﺮوح‬
ُ ‫ﺳـﻮف ﺗـﺪرس‬ sawfa tadrusu
/ ra:H tru:H tid ris
/sa tadrusu/
sawafa tadrusu/
You (M.singl.) are going to study.

MSA ID
‫ ﺳـﺘﺪرﺳـﻮن‬satatrisu:n ‫ﺗـــﺪرﺳـﻮن‬
ِ ‫ﺗــﺮﺣــﻮن‬
ِ ‫راح‬
‫ ﺳﻮف ﺗﺪرﺳﻮن‬sawfa tadrisu:n /ra:H tirHU:n tdir su:n

You (plural both genders) are going to study. /sa tadrisu:n /sawfa/ /tadrisu:n/

4. Continuous tense:

MSA does not have any verb form or structure to refer to continuous tense by the absence of
the adverbs of time. In MSA, we get the aspect of the present tense from the adverb “now” /?al ?a:n/ ‫اﻵن‬
in the sentence when the verb is in the present tense. Here is an example.

MSA
‫اﻧــــﺎ آﻛــﻞ اﻻن‬
/?ana: ?a:kilu ?al ?a:n/
I am eating now

In the Iraqi dialect, however, the particle /da/ refers to the continuous tense:

* ‫ ده \ دا \ د‬/da:/ + (verb in present)

I only use the /da:/ particle since /qa (d)/ - Christians / kei / - usage is another option limited to the
northern part of the country whereas /da/ is used all over the country.

MSA ID

‫آﻛــــﻞ اﻻن‬
ُ ُ ‫اﻧـﺎ‬ ‫آﻛــﻞ‬
ِ ‫اﻧـﻲ د‬
/?ana: ?a:kil ?ag ?a:n/ /?anii da: ?a:kil/
I eat (now) I am eating

‫آﻛـﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻛـﻨـﺖ‬
ُ ‫اﻧـﺎ‬ ‫د آﻛـــﻞ‬  ‫اﻧـﻲ‬
/?ana: kuntu ?a:kulu/ / ?anii ch init da: a:akul/
I was eating

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 45

In MSA, the indicator to the past continuous tense is the verb 'to be' “kana" ‫ ﻛــﺎن‬conjugated according
ُ ُ “I was”.
to the personal pronoun such as /kuntu/ ‫ﻛـــﻨـﺖ‬

* the Northern dialect uses

‫ ﻗــﺪ د‬/qa da / + (verb in present).

‫آﻛـــﻞ‬
ِ ‫اﻧـﺎ ﻗــﺪ د‬
/?ana: qa da:kil/
I am eating.

You may hear it from Christian Moslawi as ( kei daakil) versus to ( qei daakil)
‫ﻛﻲ دا آﻛﻞ‬

Southern speakers use /jaa/ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ or /jaay/ ‫ﺟﺎي‬ instead of /da/ ‫ د‬، ‫ دا‬، َ ‫ د‬of continuing tense:
‫ﺟﺎي آﻛــﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺎ ﯾﺎﻛﻞ‬
Jaa yaakul
He is eating

 ‫ﺟﺎ‬
Jaa yiHchii
He is talking

‫ﺟﺎ ﯾﺤﻤﻞ‬
Ja yiHmil
He is carrying

‫ﺟﺎ ﯾﺣﻣﻠﻧﺎ ﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬

Ja yHamillin-na minniya
He is doing us a favor.

Exercise
Compare:

Yitray-yag (‘aa-da-tan) (daa-yiman) (mar-raat)

yitGhad-da
yit-‘ash-sha

Da (hassa)
RaaH (baachir)

 ‫ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﯾﺗرﯾــ‬

‫ﻴﺘﻐﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﺸﻰ‬

(‫)ﻫﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍ‬
 ‫) ﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺡ‬

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 46


He takes his breakfast (usually) (always) (sometimes)
He takes his lunch
He takes his supper

Da== is / are taking his breakfast (now)

RaaH== will + take his lunch (tomorrow) his supper

5. The Iraqi dialect relative pronoun /elli/ ‫اﻟـﻠـــﻲ‬

The only relative pronoun in the Iraqi dialect is (elli) (‫ ) اﻟﻠـﻲ‬regardless of gender, number,
animacy or inanimacy.
(elli) can also be any relative pronoun: whom, who, which, that. This dialect pronoun /elli/ is contracted
from the MSA pronoun / a l la i / which is used in singular masculine.

MSA ID

ُ ‫ﻗــﺮأﺗــــﮫ‬
َ ‫اﻟﻜـﺘﺎب اﻟﺬي‬ َ ‫إل ﻛــﺘــﺎب اﻟﻠـﻲ ﻗـﺮﯾـﺖ‬

/kitaab ela i qara?tahu/ /kitaab elli qre:t (a) /

The book that I’ve read. The book that I’ve read.

/qre:t/ is among the few verbs that keeps the sound/q/ as/q/.

MSA ID

‫ﺑـﮫ‬
ِ ِ ‫اﻟــﺘــﻘــﯿـﺖ‬
َ َ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺷــﻔــــﺖ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﺷﺨـﺺ اﻟﻠــﻲ‬ْ َ ‫إل‬
‫ﺷﻔﺘﮫ‬
/?al axs ?al la i ?iltaqeitu bihi/ /?ilsh axs el li sh ifit/
The person whom I met. The person whom I met.

MSA ID

‫إﻟـﺘـﻘـﯿﺖ ﺑـﮭـﻢ‬
َ َ ‫اﻟـﺒﻨﺎت اﻟﻠﻮاﺗـﻲ‬ ‫ﺷــﻔــﺘـﮭـ ُﻢ‬
ِ ‫ل ﺑﻨــﺎت اﻟﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺘــﮭـﻦ‬
ِ ( southern tribal)
‫ ( ﺷﻔﺘﻢ‬Moslawi)

/?al /bana:t ?al lawa:ti ?iltaqe:tu: bihim/

/lbana:t el li iftim/
The girls whom I met. The girls whom I saw.

MSA ID

‫إﺷـﺘــﺮﯾــﺘــﮫ‬
َ َ ‫اﻟــﺒــﯿــﺖ اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ل ﺑــﯿــﺖ اﻟﻠــﻲ اﺷــﺘـﺮﯾـــﺖ‬
‫إﺷﺘﺮﯾﺘﮫ‬
/?al bajt ?al la I ?I tarajtuhu/ / lbe:t el li tare:t/

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 47

The house that I bought. The house that I bought.

Notes:
Here are three different ways that different dialects treat the singular masculine as an object to the verb:

beit …..shifit ‫ﺷﻔﺖ‬.....

Baghdadi:il- beit lii shifta ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻔﺘﮫ‬ ‫إل‬
(Moslawi:il- beit il-lii shiftu) ( ‫اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻔﺘﻮو‬) ‫إل‬
Here are three different ways that different dialects treat the singular feminine as an object to the verb:

Drop the pronoun:il- binit illii shift ‫( إل ﺑﻨﺖ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻔﺖ‬looks incomplete but still it works out )
Baghdadi: il-binit illi shifitha ‫إل ﺑﻨﺖ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻔﺘﮭﺎ‬
Moslawi:il- binit illi shifta ‫ ( إل ﺑﻨﺖ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻔﺘﺎ‬drop h ‫ھـ‬ sound )

6. Measure VII (seven) verb in the Iraqi dialect replaces the passive voice pattern.

The pattern of the MSA passive voice is /u/ in the first syllable and /a/ in the second one in the
present tense form such as /juktab/ “it will be written”. The Iraqi dialect speakers usually use measure
VII(seven) verb to express passivity /jinkitib/ rather than /u/ and/a/ pattern of two syllables. Measure
VII (seven) verb is a transitive verb with the bound morpheme /in / or / n/ added to its beginning.
MSA ID
‫ﯾـــﻘـــﺘـــﻞ‬
َ ُ ‫ﯾــﻨــﻜــﺘـــﻞ‬
ِ ِ ِ
/juqtalu/ /jinkitil/ *
He will be killed He will be killed.

‫ﺗــﻘــﺘــــﻞ‬
َ ُ ‫ﺗــﻨـــﻜـﺘــــﻞ‬
ِ ِ ِ
/tuqtal/ /tinkitil/
you/she will be killed. You/she will be killed.

‫ﯾــﻘــﺘـﻠـﻮا‬
َ ُ ‫ﯾــﻨــﻜــــﺘـــﻠــﻮن‬
ِ ِ
/juqtaluu/ /jinkitlu:n/
They will be killed. They will be killed.

*(In the southern dialect /g/or ch is used instead of /k/).

/jinchitil/, tinchitil/, /jinchitlu:n/ in that order.

For the MSA passive voice in the past, the vowels /u/ in the first syllable, /i/ in the second syllable and
/a/ in the third syllable are found in that order. In the Iraqi dialect, the past tense of the measure VII
(seven) is used:
In the southern part of Iraq, the first syllable usually starts with /?in/ whereas in the north they start with
the consonant/n/:

MSA ID.

‫ﻗـــــــﺘـــﻞ‬
َ ِ ُ ‫إﻧﻜـــﺘــــﻞ‬
َ ِ
/qu ti la/ /?in ki tal/

‫ﺿــﺮب‬
َ ِ ُ ‫إﻧـﻀــــﺮب‬
َ ِ
/ dhu ri ba/ /?inthirab/

be killed be killed
be hit be hit

The three readings of (q) :

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 48

Mosul, Baghdad, South

Inqital, * inkital, inchital

‫إﻧﻘﺗـل‬
َ ِ َِ
‫إﻧﻛﺗل‬ َ
‫إﻧﺟﺗل‬

* Usually /g/ changes to /k/ when it neighbors /t/ as an allophone.

Active versus Passive

Active: nihab ‫ﻧﮭب‬ (he) looted
Passive :innihab ‫إﻧﻧﮭب‬ to be looted
. ‫ﻧﮭﺑو ﻛل اﻟﺗﻣﺎﺛﯾل ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺗﺣف اﻟﻌراﻗﻲ‬
. ‫ﻛل ل ﺗﻣﺎﺛﯾل إﻧﻧﮭﺑت ﻣن ل ﻣﺗﺣف ل ﻋراﻗﻲ‬
Nihbau kul il tamaatheel bil matHafil ‘airaaqi
Kul il tamaatheel ?innihbit mnil matHafil ‘araaqi

They looted all the statutes in the Iraqi museum.

All the statues were looted from the Iraqi museum.

Active: qital ‫ﻗـﺗـل‬

َ ِ (he) killed
Passive: innqital ‫إﻧﻘﺗـل‬ is killed
.‫ل ﻣﺟرم ﻗﺗل ﻋﺷر اﺷﺧﺎص‬
( ‫)إﻧﻛﺗﻠو ( ) إﻧﺟﺗﻠو‬. ‫ﻋﺷر اﺷﺧﺎص ﻧﻘﺗﻠو‬
Lmujrim qital ‘ashir ?ashkhaS
‘ashir ?ashkhaaS ?inqitlau (?ingitlau) (inchitlau)

Active: farragh ‫ﻓرغ‬

ّ (he) evacuated
Passive: infiragh ‫إﻧﻔرغ‬ is evacuated
.‫ﻓرﻏو ل ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ وﻧﮭزﻣو‬
.‫إﻧﻔرﻏت ل ﻣدﯾﻧﺔ ﻣن ل ﻧﺎس‬
Firghau lmadeena w ?inhIzmau
?infirgHatil madeena mnil naas.

They evacuated the city and fled.

The city is evacuated from people.

Active: fataH ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬ (he) opened

Passive: infitaH ‫إﻧﻔﺗﺢ‬ (was) open (ed) , get delighted and happy
.‫إﻓﺗﺗﺢ ل ﻣﺳؤول ل ﻣﮭرﺟﺎن ﺑﺑﻐداد‬
. ‫إﻧﻔﺘﺢ ل ﻣﮭﺮﺟﺎن ب ﺑﻐﺪاد ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬
. ‫ وﺗﻨﻔﮭﺖ‬‫ اﻧﻔﺘﺢ‬، ‫ﻟﻤﻦ وﺻﻠﺖ ﯾﻤﮭﻢ‬
?iftataHil mas?uul l mahrajaan
?infataHil mahrajaanb baghdaad l baarHa
Lim-man wiSilit yam-hum, tnaf-fa-hit. (yit-naf-fah = to relax, rejoice)

The official in charge inaugurated the festival in Baghdad.

The festival was inaugurated in Baghdad yesterday
When I get there, I felt happy and relaxed.

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The southern dialect (especially Shiites) put glottal /?/ at the beginning of the passive voice verb in the
past (?infilat = he escaped ‫ )إﻧـﻔـﻠﺖ‬.

Extra Exercises:

.‫ إﻧﻔﻠﺖ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ وﺻﺎر ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺮﯾﺪه‬.1

.‫ إﻧﻔﺠﺮ اﻟﻠﻐﻢ ﻟﻤﻦ داﺳﺘﮫ ل ﺳﯿﺎرة‬.2
.‫ إﻧﻜﺴﺮت ل ﺟﺎﻣﺎت ﻟﻤﻦ إﻧﻘﺼﻒ ل ﺑﯿﺖ‬. .3
ّ
. (‫ﻣﺤﻠﺔ‬ ) ‫ إﻧﺘﻘﻞ ل ﻣﺮض ل ﻛﻞ ل ﺣﺎرة‬.4
. ‫ إﻧﺼﺎب ﺑﯿﺪة ب ﺷﻈﯿﺔ‬.5
.‫ إﻧﺠﺮح ﺑﺮﺟﻠﮫ‬.6
.‫ إﻧﻘﻄﻊ ال ﻣﺎي وإل ﻛﮭﺮب‬.7
.‫ وﻣﺤﺪ ﻛﺪر ﯾﺪاوﯾﮭﻢ‬ ‫ ل ﻧﺎس اﻟﻠﻲ إﻧﺼﺎﺑﻮ إﻧﺠﻄﻠﻮ ﻋﻞ‬.8
‫ ﺻﺎر ﻋل‬ ‫ ل ﺳودا‬‫ول ﺑﯾﻊ و ﺷرا ﺑﺳوو‬‫وﻣﻣﻧوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ إﻧﺘﺮس ل ﺷﺎرع ال ﻋﺮاﻗﻲ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻠﻲ ھﻲ‬.9
 ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺎت‬‫ل ﻋﯾون ب ﺑﻐداد وﻏﯾر ﺑﻐداد ﺑل‬‫ﻣﻛﺷوف‬
‫ أرواح ل ﻧﺎس ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﯾﺴﺘﺘﺐ ل اﻣﻦ وﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ إﻧﺼﺮﻓﺖ ل ﻓﻠﻮس ﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﯾﯿﻦ وإﻧﮭﺪرت اﻣﻮال ل ﻧﺎس‬.10
.‫ل اوﺿﺎع وﻣﺎ طﻠﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﯿﮭﺴﺔ‬
‫ ﻤﺎ ﺇﻨﻔﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ‬، ‫ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﻨﺎ‬.11
1. Infalatil wadhi’a wSaar kul waaHid yi’amal illii yreeda.
2. ?infajaril lughum liman dasitail sayaara.
3.?inkisrtail jaamaat liman ?inqaSafil be:t.
4. ?intiqal il maradh lkulil Haara
5. ?iSab beeda bil shadhiya
6. ?injaraH brijla
7. ?ingiTa’a lmay wil Kahraba.
8. Lnaas lii ?inSaabau ?inchatlo ‘aal gaaa’a wmaHad gidar ydaaweehum
9. ?intirasil shaari’a il ‘airaaqi bil mawaadil lii hiya qachaagh w mamnuu’aa wil be:’a wil shiraa bsuug
il soda kho Saar ‘aal makshuuf w gidaamil ‘ayuun b baghdaad wghe:r baghdaad bil muHaafadhaat.
10. ?inSirfatil lfluus bil malaayeen w?inhadrat?amwaal il naas winzihgat ?arwaaH il naas ‘almuud
yistatib al ?amin wtaistaqir al ?awdhaa’a. wmaa Tala’ana bnateeja leehasa.
11. min yuum ma jiina lih-na, maa infitHat ‘ale:na

1. The situation is chaotic and people are chaotically doing what they want to do.
2. The mine exploded when the car ran over it.
3. Window glass shattered when the house was bombed.
4. The disease spread everywhere in the neighborhood.
5. He is injured in his hand by shrapnel.
6 He is wounded in his leg.
7. Water and electricity were cut off.
8. People who were wounded fell on the ground and no one was able to treat them.
9.The Iraqi street is full of illegal contrabands and now selling and buying in the black market is done in
public and at the sight of people whether in Baghdad or in districts.
10. Millions are spent , the people’s money dwindled, people are killed to prevail security and stabilize
the situation but till now we have seen no results.
11. Since we came here, we have undergone bad circumstances.

Note: The sound /n/ is assimilated to /m/ in a speedy speech when it neighbors /b/:

Inbihar = imbihar = get delighted , glowed ‫ اﻣﺒﮭﺮ‬، ‫إﻧﺒﮭﺮ‬

Inbi’aaj = imbi’aj = get punctured, burst, blew up ‫ اﻣﺒﻌﺞ‬، ‫اﻧﺒﻌﺞ‬
Or
Anbaar = ambaar ‫اﻣﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎر‬

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Anbaa?= ambaa? ‫اﻣﺒﺎء‬ ‫اﻧﺒﺎء‬

7. The Iraqi dialect keeps the (tamma) ( ya-tim-mu) + verbal noun structure as another formal passive
voice in their high level speech:

The formal passive form with tam-ma /ya-tim-mu+ Verbal noun

‫ اﺳﻢ ﻓﻌﻞ‬+ ‫ﺗﻢ \ ﯾﺘﻢ‬

(1) RaaH ytim inshaa? mu-as-sasat naqil il ruk-kaab bil wi-laaya.

An establishment for the public transportation will be established
‫راح ﯾﺘﻢ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺮﻛﺎب ﺑﻞ وﻻﯾﺔ‬

(2) Tam naqil khamsiin mudarris barra il mudun

Fifty teacher are transferred (to work) outside cities.
. ‫ﺑﺮا ال ﻣﺪن‬
ّ ‫ﻣﺪرس ﺗﻢ ﻧﻘﻠﮭﻢ‬
ّ ‫ﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ‬

8.A Measure II (two) verb in the Iraqi dialect replaces a measure I or IV . Here
are some examples. ( GEMINATION)

Measure 2 is the verb in which one of the consonants is split into two
The root : h z m in conjugation is / hazzam/ the z is split into 2
/Yuhazzim/ present /hazzam/ past
defeat defeated

Measure 4 is the verb in which the first syllable has /u/, the 2nd syllable has /i/ in the
present tense and /a/ with /i/ in the past in the same order.
/yuhzim/ present /hazima/ past
defeat defeated

Iraqis use measure 2 instead of measure 4 in the dialect:

MSA ID *
‫ﯾــــﮭـﺰم‬
ِ ُ ‫َ ﱢ‬
‫ﯾــﮭـــﺰم‬
/juhzim/ /jhaz zim/
He defeats He defeats

. ‫اﻟـﻌـﺪو‬
َ ‫اﻟـﺠﯿـﺶ‬
ُ ‫ﯾــــﮭـﺰم‬
ِ ُ ‫ﯾــﮭــﺰم ل ﻋﺪو‬
ِ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ل ﺟﯿﺶ‬
/juhzim ald e: u: ?al a’adu wa/ / ?l d e: jhaz zim el a’adu /
He defeats the enemy’s army. The army defeats the enemy.

ّ ‫راح‬
‫ﻧﮭﺰم ل ﻣﺘﻤﺮدﯾﻦ ان ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬
raaH nhazzim l mutamarideen ?in shaaala.
We will defeat the insurgents God willing.
‫ﯾــــﺒـــﻌـــﺪ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﯾـــﺒــﻌـــﺪ‬
‫َ ﱢ‬

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/jub a’id/ /jbaa’ a’id/

He makes him stay away He makes him stay away

.‫ﻧﺒﻌـﺪ ل ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻧﺎ‬

ّ ‫راح‬
raaH nba’a ‘aid l mashaakil min baladna.
We will make our country not fall into troubles.
‫ﯾـــﻜــﻤــﻞ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﯾــﻜــﻤـــﻞ‬
‫َ ﱢ‬

/jukmil/ /jkam mil/

He completes He completes

.‫راح ﻧﻜﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮﺗﻨﺎ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ وﺑﻨﺎء ل دﯾﻤﻮﻗﺮاطﯿﺔ‬

raaH nkammil maseeratna bil taHreer wbinaa? Il demoqraaTiya
we will continue our march to liberty and establishing democracy.

‫ــﻀــﺤـــﻚ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ﯾـــﻀــــﺤـــﻚ‬
‫َ ﱢ‬
/ju Hik/ /j aH Hik/
He makes others laugh He makes others laugh

ّ
‫ﯾﻀﺤﻜﻮن ل ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﮭﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎت وﺑﮭﻞ ﻣﮭﺎزل‬ ‫راح‬
raaH ydhiHkuun ‘aleina bhal taSarufaat w bhal mahazil
They will make the world laugh at us because of our behavior and silly deeds

In MSA, the first noun is the subject (it ends with -u). The second noun is the object( it ends with -a). In
ID sentence, we usually put the subject before the verb to avoid ambiguity.

‫ﯾﻮﻗﻒ‬ 
Yuu-qif ywag-gif
Stop, park, detain, arrest stop, park, detain, arrest

‫ ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ ﺑﻌﺪه‬.‫ ﺑﻞ ﺳﺠﻦ‬ ‫ واﺧﺬوه‬ ‫ وﯾﺎھﻢ ﺧﺸﻦ‬ ‫ ﻓـ ﺟﺘﻲ ال ﺷﺮطﺔ وﻣﺎ ادري‬، ‫ ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﮫ ﯾﻢ ﻣﺨﻔﺮ ال ﺷﺮطﺔ‬
. ‫ﻣﺴﺠﻮن‬

Wag-gaf say-yar-ta yam-mil makhfar il shur-Ta . fa-jat-ti il shurta wmaa adri shlo:m Hicha
wiyaahum khshin ….wag-gafo:h w-ikhtho:h w chifto: bil sijin. Lii-hassa ba’ada masjuun.
.
He parked his car near the Police Station. The police came and I did not know how he spoke harsh with
them, they detained him and put him in jail. He is still in jail.

‫ﻌـﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﯾـﻄ‬
ُ ّ
‫ﯾﻮﻛﻞ‬
yuT’aim ywak-kil

ّ
.‫وﯾﺮﻓﮫ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫ھﻞ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﺑﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ راح ﯾﻮﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﺧﺒﺰ‬
hal mashruu’a bil manta-qa raaH ywak-kilna kulna khubiz w yraf-fih Hayaat-na.
This project in the area will feed us all and prosper our standard of living.

In MSA , the verb that equals is in measure 4 ( yuT-‘aim).

In the dialect some intransitive verbs are changed to measure 2 as transitive and take objects.

Intransitive transitive
‫اﺗﻐﺪى‬ ‫ﯾﻐﺪﯾﻨﻲ‬
At-ghad-da y-ghad-dii-ni
I take lunch He gives me lunch ( at his expense, or serves me lunch)

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 
It-ray-yag yray-tig-ni
I take breakfast He gives me breakfast (at his expense, or serves me breakfast)

‫ﺗﺘﻌﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺸﯿﻚ‬
Tit-‘ash-sha y’ash-shiik
You take supper He gives you supper ( at his expense, or serves you supper)

9. Transitive verbs and contraction of the pronouns.

One of the most confusing phenomenon is that the Iraqi dialect has
contractions like English, some letters are lightly pronounced, and the outcome looks
different. Here are examples:

1. asawee il shaghla ilak . ‫ اﺳﻮي ال ﺷﻐﻠﺔ إﻟﻚ‬I do the work for you.
asaweeha ilak ‫ اﺳﻮﯾﮭﺎ إﻟﻚ‬I do it (f.) for you
asweelak iyaha ‫ اﺳﻮﯾﻠﻚ إﯾﺎھﺎ‬I do it for you (I do for you it)

lbaarHa ijaani Sadeeq lil beit. wTilab minee shaghla asaw-weeha ila. Faa-
saweitla-yaaha..saweit-ha chifyaan shar.
. ‫ﻓﯿﺎن ﺷﺮ‬ ‫ ﺳﻮﯾﺘﮭﺎ‬. ‫ ﻓــ ﺳﻮﯾﺘﻠﻠﮫ ) إ( ﯾﺎھﺎ‬.‫ وطﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻲ ﺷﻐﻠﺔ اﺳﻮﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﮫ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺎرﺣﺔ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺖ‬

Yesterday a friend came to me to do him a favor. I then did it for him. I did it
to avoid his anger.. “idiomatic…. not to attack me in case I do not do it.”

2. nguula ill ii Saar ilhum ‫اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر اﻟﮭﻢ‬ “We tell what happened to them”
nguul il-hum iyaa(h). ‫ﻧﻜﻮﻟﻠﮭﻢ إﯾﺎه‬ we tell them “it”
raaH ngullilhum iya ‫ راح ﻧﻜﻮﻟﻠﮭﻢ) ا( ﯾﺎه‬we will tell them about it.
”we tell it to them”

3. asheel jinaT-tak ( chan-Ti-tak) wiyaay ‫اﺷﯿﻞ ﺟﻨﻄﺘﻚ وﯾﺎي‬

asheelha ilak ‫اﺷﯿﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻚ‬
asheelaki-iyaha ‫اﺷﯿﻠﻚ )ا( ﯾﺎھﺎ‬

4. anTee liktaab ilak ‫اﻧﻄﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب إﻟﻚ‬

anT-Tee ilak lik-ktaab ‫ﻟـ ِ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫اﻧﻄﯿﻠﻚ‬
anTeelak iya ‫أﻧﻄﯿﻠﻚ ) ا ( ﯾﺎه‬

5. aktib ilak risaala. I write (to you) a letter ‫اﻛﺘﺐ إﻟﻚ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
Aktibha ilak I write (it) to you . ‫اﻛﺘﺒﮭﺎ إﻟﻚ‬
Aktiblak-iyaaha I write – to you – it ( I write it to you)
‫اﻛﺘﺒﻠﻚ )ا( ﯾﺎھﺎ‬
Practice

1. Aani hwaaya juu-‘aaan ? ‫آﻧﻲ ھﻮاﯾﮫ ﺟﻮﻋﺎن ؟‬

Ma truuH taakul-lak fad lugma w tijii. ‫ﻣـ َ ﺗﺮووح ﺗﺎﻛﻞ ﻟﻚ ﻓﺪ ﻟﻘﻤﺔ‬

I am very hungry?

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Why don’t you go and have a bite?

2. areed ashrab li fad pipsii. ‫ارﯾﺪ اﺷﺮﺑﻠﻲ ﻓﺪ ﺑﯿﺒﺴﻲ‬

I ‘d like to drink ( me) a pepsi.

3. yreed yshuufla fad shaghla ‫ارﯾﺪ اﺷﻮوﻓﻠﻲ ﻓﺪ ﺷﻐﻞ‬

He needs to find ( himself) a job.

4. aftaHlee fad bizniz ‫اﻓﺘﺢ ﻟﻲ ﻓﺪ ﺑﺰﻧﺰ‬

I open ( me) a business.

5. adruslii shway-ya w ajeek. ‫ادرس ﻟﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﮫ وآﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﯾﯿﻚ‬

I study ( me) a bit and I ‘ll come to you.

11. The speakers of the Iraqi dialect usually keep the long vowels when they give
orders and commands. The language looks more polite with keeping the long
vowels as a social discourse in the imperative.

root imperative

MSA IRAQI

1. N O m nam/ num naam

‫ن وم‬ ‫ﻧــﻢ‬
ُ \ ‫ﻧــﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺎم‬

2. q O m gum guum
‫قو م‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬  (‫)ﻗﻮم‬

3. O q f qif Ogaf
‫وقف‬ ‫ﻗﻒ‬  (‫)اوﻗﻒ‬

It is necessary to say that orders in the conversations usually come as a

suggestion or an advice, or an instruction to show politeness.

aani tag-baan . ‫ آﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﺎن‬- .1

why don’t you go and sleep. ‫ م َ ﺗﺮووح ﺗﻨﺎم ؟‬-

‫ﺗﺻﯾر ال ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ؟‬ -. 2

‫ دﯾور ﻋل ﯾﺳرى واﺳﺗﻣر راح ﺗوﺻل ال ﺗراﻓك ﻻﯾت‬. ‫ ﺗﺎﺧذ ﯾﻣﯾن وﺗﺳﺗﻣر ﻟﻣن ﻣﺎ ﺗوﺻل ال ﻓﻠﻛﺔ‬، ‫ ﻣن ﺗطﻠﻊ ﻣن ھل ﺷﺎرع‬-
‫ دﻗﺎﺋق ورا ﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺧذ ﻣدﺧل ﻣوﻧﺗري‬5 ‫ ﺗﺳوق ﻓد‬. 1 ‫وﻣﻧﮫ راح ﺗدﺧل ال ﺷﺎرع ال ﻋﺎم اﻟﻠﻲ راح ﯾطﺑﺑك ﺑل ال ﺧط ال ﺳرﯾﻊ رﻗم‬
.‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛو ﻏﯾرھﺎ واﺿﺣﺔ‬... ‫ ﻭﺍل ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺻﺎﯾرة ﺑﺎل ﺿﺑط ﺑراس ال ﺷﺎرع ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﺳﺎرك‬‫وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺗﺎﺧذ ﯾﺳرى وﺗﺻﻌد ﺷوﯾﺔ ﻟﻲ‬

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Vocabulary
The Iraqi dialect uses words that do not exist in Standard Arabic. These words are either
borrowed from other languages, or they are the adapted forms of the classical Arabic ones
(Altoma,1969). These words are of high frequency and are used often in the daily life language of the
society. It is peculiar that you can not find any of these words in any Standard Arabic books
(Holes,1983), on the theory that the speech of the dialect is not considered a language to be written in
notebooks or books. It is only oral speech. This dialectal notion (boycotts measures) taken by the Arab
linguists results in a new language that stands by itself in its lexicon, sound system, and grammar.
These dialectal words can be content words such as full verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; or
functional words such as Wh-question words, prepositions, demonstratives, relative pronouns, and
vocative particles.

Conjugations

One of the problems that faces the MSA learners is not understanding the speech of the Iraqi
people, since the Iraqis use dialect verbs when speaking with each other. These verbs are adapted from
the classical words or borrowed from other languages. Learners have no access whatsoever to these
verbs when learning MSA in courses or schools. These Iraqi dialect verbs are conjugated in the similar
way that we conjugate MSA verbs. Here is a list of some verbs that are often used in conversations.
It is also remarkable to say that we have four patters of verbs in Iraqi dialect to think of as
morphs (the structure changes) .
The first is the three consonants which is saleem (intact) such as zihaq  ‫( زھﻖ‬got bored) , zi’aal
‫ ( زﻋل‬got mad), rikadh ‫( رﻛﺾ‬ran)

The second pattern consists of two consonants such as daz ‫ ( دز‬send) , HaT ‫ ( ﺣﻂ‬put) , thab ‫ذب‬
(throw), chaT ‫ط‬ , fak ‫ ( ﻓك‬untie, loosen, release, open)

The third pattern has a vowel in the middle such as ruuH (‫( روح )رووح‬go), ynaam ‫( ﯾـﻧﺎم‬he-sleeps),
ybee’a ‫( ﯾﺑﯾﻊ‬he-sells) , yOSal ‫( ﯾوﺻل‬he-arrives)

The fourth pattern has a vowel at the end such as yimshee ‫ ( ﯾﻣﺷﻲ‬he –goes) , yid-‘auu ‫ ﯾدﻋو‬usually is
changed to (ee) yid’aeek yid’aeek ‫ ( ﯾدﻋﯾك‬he-invites you) or yid’aee + lak ‫ ( ﯾدﻋﯾﻠك‬prays for you ).

Because verbs cannot stand on their own without having personal pronouns built-in, we need to know
the personal pronouns as both free morphemes (those who are written on their own) or the bound
morphemes ( those are attached)to other words)

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The Present Tense Conjugation Chart

1. You need to know the three letters as a root

2. You add prefixes and sometimes suffixes to build up your verb.

You
(single) You (singl. Feminine)
Masculine
t t ……….iin
I

a You (plural)

Root t …………..oon

riid
We
‫ريد‬

n They

He y ………oon
She
y t

Personal Pronouns

Subject personal pronouns

First person
I aani, ana ‫أﻧﺎ‬ \ ‫آﻧﻲ‬
We iHna ‫اﺣﻧﺎ‬

Second Person
you inta M. ‫اﻧت‬
you intii F. ‫اﻧﺗﻲ‬
you intu pl. (‫اﻧﺗو ) اﻧﺗم‬

Third Person
he hu-wa ‫ھو‬
she hi- ya ‫ھﻲ‬
they hum-ma ‫ھم‬

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The subject verb agreement

I want . aani ariid . ‫آﻧﻲ ارﯾد‬

We want . iHna nriid. ‫إﺣﻧﺎ ﻧرﯾد‬

You want. Inta t-riid. ( you masculine singular) ‫اﻧت ﺗرﯾد‬

You want. Intii t-riid-iin. ( you feminine masculine) ‫اﻧﺗﻲ ﺗرﯾدﯾن‬
You want . intuu t-riid-uun ( you Plural) ‫اﻧﺗو ﺗرﯾدوون‬

He wants . hu-wa y-riid ‫ھو ﯾرﯾد‬

She wants . hi-ya t-riid ‫ھﻲ ﺗرﯾد‬
They want. Hum-ma y-riid-uun ‫ھم ﯾرﯾدوون‬ ّ

Conjugate the following roots:

These verbs are transitive i.e., you need an object or more.

‫شيل‬
(‫) ﺷﯿﻞ‬
carry

‫ش وف‬ ___________________ ‫آﻧﻲ‬

(‫) ﺷﻮف‬ __________________ ‫إﺣﻧﺎ‬
See
____________________ ‫اﻧت‬
_____________________ ‫اﻧﺗﻲ‬
___________________ ‫اﻧﺗوو‬

‫زيد‬ _____________________ ‫ھو‬

(‫) زﯾﺪ‬ ____________________ ‫ھﻲ‬
increase _____________________ ‫ھم‬
ّ

‫زود‬
‫زود ( ﺑـ‬
ّ )
Supply

‫ف يد‬
‫) ﻓﯿﺪ( ﺑـــ‬
Benefit
you

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The Past Tense Chart

The good thing about the past tense , the personal additions to the root are all suffixes i.e., they
are added to the end of the verb. The root with a vowel is usually treated differently and that is I
put different patterns to follow for conjugation.

Root + t I * ftaH-it ‫ﻓﺗﺣت‬

FtH na WE ftaH-na ‫ﻓﺗﺣﻧﺎ‬
open
it you (singular Masculine) ftaH-it ‫ﻓﺗﺣت‬
tii you ( singular Feminine) ftaH-tii ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺗﻲ‬
tuu you ( plural ) ftaH-tuu ‫ﻓﺗﺣﺗو‬

zero He fi-taH ‫ﻓﺗﺢ‬

at she fit-Hat ‫ﻓﺗﺣت‬
uu They fit-Huu ( au) ‫ﻓﺗﺣو‬

* /a/ is shortened to appear like schwa or /i/ .

1st person & 2nd person has a consonant cluster at the beginning (ft).

You may also hear / ? / at the beginning of the verb ‫إﻓﺗﺣت‬

Lim-man ftaH-til baab, gab b il hawa b-wichii.
When I opened the door, the air (breeze) hit me in the face.
.  ‫ ال ھوا‬ ،‫ﻟﻣن إﻓﺗﺣت ال ﺑﺎب‬

There are Transitive verbs that take Indirect object and in this case , we have the attached
personal pronoun to the end of the verb as an object.

Objective pronouns
After transitive verbs
Present

he takes me ywad-dii-nii ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻨﻲ‬

he takes us ywad-dii-na ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻨﺎ‬

he takes you ywaad-diik ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻙ‬

he takes you ywad-dii-ch ‫ﻴﻭﺩ‬
he takes you ywadii-kum ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻜﻡ‬

he takes him ywad-dii-h ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻪ‬

he takes her ywad-dii-ha ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻬﺎ‬
he takes them ywad-dii-hum ‫ﻴﻭﺩﻴﻬﻡ‬

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Past

he took me wad-daa-nii ‫وداﻧﻲ‬

he took us wad-daa-na ‫وداﻧﺎ‬

he took you wad-da-k ‫وداك‬

 he took you wad-daa-ch ‫ودا‬
he took you wad-daa-kum (‫ﻭﺩﺍﻜﻡ ) ﻭﺩﺍﻜﻭ‬

he took him wad-daa-h ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻩ‬

he took her wad –daa-ha ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻫﺎ‬
he took them wad-daa-hum ‫ﻭﺩﺍﻫﻡ‬

Training on the Attached Pronouns

This attached pronoun is a subject.

Shlo:n -ak? Shlo:nak How are you?

-ich? Shlon-ich (shlo:nkii Moslawi) How are you ? F.
-kum? Shlo:nkum How are you ? pl.

-a shlo:na How is he?

-ha shlo:n-ha How is she?
-hum shlo:nhum How are they? 

-ii? Shlo:n da dshuufnii ? How do you see me(doing?)

-na? Shlo:n da dshuufna? How do you see us (doing?)


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Samples of Conjugations
1. A sample of 3 consonants

MSA ID

‫ﻏﺿب‬ got mad ‫زﻋل‬

The sign over the consonants ◌ّ ّ

means germination to indicate the consonant splits into two ‫دز‬
daz-za)
Present tense Past tense

1st person

?az’al ( I get mad ) ‫ازﻋﻞ‬ z’aa-lit ( I got mad ) 

Niz-‘aal (we get mad ) ‫ﻧﺰﻋﻞ‬ zi’alna (we got mad )

2nd person

tiz-‘aal (you M singular) ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻞ‬ z-‘ailit ( you M.) got mad 

tzi’a-leen (you F singular) ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻠﯿﻦ‬ z ‘ail-tii (you f.) sgot mad 
tzi’a-luun (plural ) ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻠﻮن‬ z-‘ail-tu (you plural) got 

3rd person

Yiz-‘aal (he) gets mad ‫ﯾﺰﻋﻞ‬ zi-‘aal (he got mad 
Tiz-‘aal (she) gets mad ‫ﺗﺰﻋﻞ‬ zi’a-lat (she got mad ) ‫زﻋﻠﺖ‬
Yzi’a-luun ( they) get mad ‫ﯾﺰﻋﻠﻮن‬ zi’a-lu ( they got mad ) ‫زﻋﻠﻮ‬

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2. The root of the verb of 2 consonants ( d z ) ‫ ( = د ز‬send) ّ or with sahd-da

‫دز‬

The sign over the consonants ◌ّ ّ

means germination to indicate the consonant splits into two ‫دز‬
( daz-za)

Present tense Past tense

1st person

?adiz ( I send ) ‫أدز‬ dazze:t ( I sent) 

ndiz (we send) ‫ﻧﺪز‬ dazze:na (we sent)

2nd person

tdiz (you M singular) ‫ﺗﺪز‬ dazze:t ( you M.) sent 

tdizeen (you F singular) ‫ﺗﺪززﯾﻦ‬ dazze:tii (you f.) sent 

tdizuun (plural ) ‫ﺗﺪززوون‬ dazze:tu u (you plural) sent 

3rd person

ydiz (he sends ) ‫ﯾﺪز‬ daz (daaz) (he sent) 

tdiz (she sends) ‫ﺗﺪز‬ dazzat (she sent) ‫دززت‬
ydizuun ( they send) ‫ﯾﺪززوون‬ dazzuu ( they sent) ‫دززوو‬

:‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫ وﻗﺎذﻓﺘﯿﻦ ار ﺑﻲ ﺟﻲ‬.‫ وﺧﻤﺴﯿﻦ رﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬.‫ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﺪوق ﻓﺸﻚ ﻛﻼﺷﯿﻨﻜﻮف‬. ‫إﺣﻨﺎ دزﯾﻨﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻋﺘﺎد وذﺧﯿﺮة ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬
.‫ ﺑﺲ ﺑﻠﻐﻮوﻧﺎ‬.‫وراح ﻧﺬزﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻮ ﺗﺮدوون‬

?iHna dazeinalkum ‘aitad w thakheera l baarHa. ‘aishreen sandoq fishak klashinkof w khamseen
rummaana w qaathiftein R.P.G. wraaH ndizilkum ba’aid lo tirduun. Bas balighona.

. ‫ِزﻟـــﻛم ﻣﺎي ﺑطﺎﻟﮫ ﻧظﯾف ﻟل ﺷرب‬

ِ ‫راح ﻧــد‬
raaH ndizilkum maay btaala naDiif lil shurib

‫ اﻏﻠﻮ إل ﻣﻲ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﺑﻮه‬. ‫ﻣﻠﻮث‬

ّ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﺑﻮن إل ﻣﻲ ﻻﻧﻮ‬

la tshirbu:n l may l?anu: mlawath. ?ighlu: l may w ba’adein shirbu:

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3. A sample of a hollow verb (with a vowel in the middle) conjugated to persons:

(vowels are : a e o i )

The root of the verb is : (F u t) ‫ ( ف و ت‬enter / pass)

Present tense Past tense

1st person

fuut I enter ‫ﻓﻮوت‬ fitit I entered ‫ﻓﺗت‬ِِ

nfuut we enter ‫ﻧﻔووت‬ fitna we entered‫ِﻓﺗﻧﺎ‬

2nd person

tfuut you M singular enter ‫ﺗﻔﻮوت‬ fitit ( you M.) entered ‫ﻓـﺘـﺖ‬
ِ ِ
tfuuteen (you F singular) ‫ﺗﻔﻮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ fittii (you f.) entered ‫ﻓﺗﺗﻲ‬
tfuutuun (plural ) ‫ﺗﻔﻮوﺗﻮون‬ fituu (you plural) entered ‫ﻓـﺘﻮو‬
ِ

3rd person

yfuut (he enters ) ‫ﯾﻔﻮوت‬ faat (he entered) ‫ﻓﺎت‬

tfuut (she enters) ‫ﺗﻔﻮوت‬ faatat (she entered) ‫ﻓﺎﺗﺖ‬
yfutuun ( they enter) ‫ﯾﻔﻮوﺗﻮون‬ faatuu ( they entered) ‫ﻓﺎﺗﻮو‬

: ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﻔﺘﻲ ى‬. ‫ وھﻮ طﻠﻊ‬، ‫إﻧﺖ ﻓﺘﺘﻲ ﺑﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ‬
ِ
?inti fittii bil beit, w huwa Tila’a. fa maa shiftii
You entered, he went out. So you did not see him.

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A sample of a defect verb (with a vowel at the end ) conjugation -

according to persons:
(vowels are : a e o i )

The root of the verb is: b d a ‫( ب د ا‬start)

Present tense Past tense

1st person

?abdi ( I start ) ‫أﺑﺪي‬ bide:t ( I started)  ‫آﻧﻲ‬

nibdi (we start) ‫ﻧﺒﺪي‬ bide:na (we started)  ‫ إﺣﻧﺎ‬ 

2nd person

tibdii (you M singular) ‫ﺗﺒﺪي‬ bide:t ( you M.) started  َ

‫إﻧﺖ‬

tibde:n (you F singular)  bide:tii (you f.) started  ‫إﻧت‬
ِ
tibduun (plural ) ‫ﺗﺒﺪوون‬ bide:tuu (you plural) started  \

3rd person

yibdii (he starts ) ‫ﯾﺒﺪي‬ bida (he started)  

tibdii (she starts) ‫ﺗﺒﺪي‬ bidat (she started) ‫ﺑﺪت‬ ‫ھﻲ ﯾﮫ‬
tibduun ( they start) ‫ﯾﺒﺪوون‬ biduu ( they started) ‫ھﻢ \ ھﻮم ﻣﮫ ﺑﺪو‬
‫ﱠ‬

‫اﻛﻮ واﺣﺪ او اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺘﻠﯿﻦ ھﻨﺎك‬‫ ل ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﻧﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺖ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ اﺻﻮات اﻗﺪام ﺗﺒﺪي ﺗﻤﺸﻲ ﻓﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬
. ‫وإﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺪري ﺑﯿﮭﻢ‬

Limman bade:na niTib lil be:t simi’ait ?aSwaat ?aqdaam tibdee timshii fogil SaTiH fashake:t ?aku
waaHid ?au ?akthar daa yibduun yitkattaluun hinaak w?iHnaa maa nidrii beehum.

When we entered (started entering) the house, we heard ( started hearing) steps of people walking on
the roof. I suspected that someone is hiding there and we did not know about them.

‫ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ طﻠﻊ ﯾﻜﺬب ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬.‫ ﻻ‬ ...‫ إﺳﺄل ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ل ﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﻟﻮ اﻛﻮ ﻋﺪھﻢ اﺣﺪ ﺑﺴـ ﺳﻄﺢ او ﺑﻞ ﺳﺮداب‬
‫ ﻣﺨﺒﻲ وﯾﺎه‬ ‫ ل ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ ﺑﺘﺘﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻞ ﻣﺎي‬ ‫ ﻋﺪھﻢ واﺣﺪ ﯾﺨﺘﻞ ھﻨﺎك ﺑﺲ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﺎع ﺷﺎﻓﻮه‬
.‫ ﺑﻞ ﺗﺎﻧﻜﻲ ﺑﮭﻞ ﺻﯿﻒ ل ﺣﺎر‬ ‫ﻛﻼﺷﯿﻨﻜﻮف وﺷﻮاﺟﯿﺮ ﻛﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺨﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ب ﺻﻔﺔ وھﻮ‬
Fabade:t ?as?al Saahibil be:t lo ?aku ‘aidhum ?aHad bil SaTiH ?au bil sirdaab….gallii laa. Wba’ade:n
Tila’a yikthib ‘ale:na chaan ‘aidhum waaHid yikhtil hnaak bas jamaa’aitna zbaa’a shafuu gaa’aid

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btaankii il may fog il SaTiH w chaan mkhabii wiyaa klashinkof w shawajeer koma mkhalleeha b Saffa
whuua gaa’aid bil taankii bhal Har.

I started asking the owner of the house if he has someone hiding on the roof or in the basement…he
said, “No.” Later we discovered that he seemed to be lying to us. The family had one hiding on the
roof of the house; nevertheless, our men are brave and found him sitting inside the water tank on the
roof hiding himself with an Ak 47 and a pile of magazines put aside him while sitting there in this hot
summer.
 ‫ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﯾﺴﻮون ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ وﯾﺎھﻢ ﻻن ل رﺟﺠﺎل اﻟﻠﻲ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻟﺰﻣﻨﺎه واﺧﺬﻧﺎ وﯾﺎه ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ل‬

‫ﯾﻨﻜﺮ اﻧﻮ ﯾﻌﺮف إل رﺟﺠﺎل وﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف اﻧﻮ اﻛﻮ رﺟﻞ‬  ‫ وﺻﺎﺣﺐ ل‬. ‫ﺷﻜﻠﮫ ﻣﻮو ﻋﺮاﻗﻲ‬‫ﻣﺧﺑﻲ ﻧﻔﺳﮫ ﺑل ﺗﺎﻧﻛﻲ‬
.‫ ﻣﻨﺪون ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮫ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ وﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻧﻮ ھﻞ رﺟﺠﺎل ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﻞ ﺑﻞ‬. ‫ﻣﺨﺒﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‘ala kullin lizimna w ?akhathna wiyaa saaHibil be:t lil qaa’aida ‘almuud ysauwuun taHqeeq
wiyaahumlian il rajul illi chaan mkhabii nafsa bil taankii shikla muu ‘airaaqi wSahibil be:t yinkir ?anuu
maa yi’arif il rajul walaa yi’arif ?anuu mkhabii nafsa bil SaTif yguul ?annu il rajul yimkin mitsalil bile:l
minl StuuH ‘aala be:ta biduun ma’arifta.

However, we caught the man and took him with the house head to our base for investigation because
the man hiding in the tank was not Iraqi. The owner of the house denied that he knew the man nor that
he was hiding there. The house owner believes that the man has infiltrated at night from other roofs to
the roof of his house without the farmer’s knowledge.

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Iraqi Common Verbs

(1) ‫ﯾـــﺘــﺤــﺪث‬
ّ َ ِ ‫ﯾـﺴـﻮﻟــﻒ‬
ِ
/jataHada u/ speak /jso:lif/

ّ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬.  ‫اﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﻮﻟﻔﻨﻨﺎ ﺳﻮاﻟﻒ‬

.‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ ﺷﻮﯾﺎ‬
.‫راح ﺗﺼﯿﺮ ﺳﻮاﻟﻒ‬
?inta tsolfinna swaalif ‘atiiga. Maa tghayir shwayya.
You tell us old stories. Change a bit.

(2) ‫ﯾـــﻌــﻤــﻞ‬
َ ِ ‫ﯾــﺴــﻮي‬
َ
/jia’mal/ do or work /jsaw wi:/

.‫ﻧﺴﻮي اﻟﻠﻲ ﻧﺮﯾﺪا وﺷﻲ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬

Nsaw wii lii nreeda wil lii ySeer khalli ySeer.
We do what we need to do; and whatever happens, let it happen.

cause a problem ‫ﯾﺴﻮي ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬

make tea ‫ﯾﺴﻮي ﺟﺎي‬
work ‫ﯾﺴﻮي ﺷﻐﻞ‬
making problem ‫ﯾﺴﻮي ﺑﻠﺒﻠﺔ‬
follow the rules . ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﻮي زاﯾﺪ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
He can do a lot for you ( positive / negative) ‫ﯾﺴﻮﯾﻠﻚ ) ﯾﺴﻮي ھﻮ اﻟﻚ ( ﺑﻼوي‬
Beware not to do something wrong. Do not misbehave. ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﻮﯾﻠﻚ ) اﻟﻚ ( ﻣﻜﺴﻮرة‬

(3) ‫ﺳــﻤـﺎح‬
َ ‫ﯾـﺄﺧـﺬ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮﺧﺺ‬
/ja?xu sa ma:H/ ask for permission /jitarkhas /

. ‫ َﺑﻼ رﺧﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻻزم ﺗﺘﺮﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ وﺗﺠﯿﻨﺎ وإﻻّ ﻣﺎﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺗﺠﻲ‬

Lazim titarkhaS minhum w ticheena w?illa maySeer tijii bala rukhSa
You must get their permission and then come to us, you cannot come without a permit from them.

(4) ‫ﯾــﻌــﻄــﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻄــﻲ‬

/jua’ti:/ give /jinTi/
(assimilation)

.‫راح ﻧﻨﻄﯿﻜﻢ ﺳﻼح وﻋﺘﺎد وﺳﺘﺮة وﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ رﺻﺎص ﺑﺲ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮن اوﻓﯿﺎء إﻟﻨﺎ‬
RaaH ninTeekum slaah w “aitaad w sitrat wiqaaya mnil riSaaS bas tkuunuun ?awfiya ?ilna.
We will give you weapons, ammunition, and the bullet proof jacket provided that you must be loyal to
us.

(5) ‫ﯾـﺨـﺮج‬ (‫ﯾﻄـﻠﻊ )ﯾﺮوح‬

/jax rud / go out /jiTla’a/

.‫ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ إل ﻣﻔﺮوض ﻣﺎ ﻧﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﯾﻦ وﻧﻜﻮن ھﻨﺎك‬. ‫راح ﻧﻄﻠﻊ )ﻧﺮوح( ﻣﻨﻞ ﻏﺒﺸﺔ وﻧﺎﺧﺬھﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ‬
raaHniTla’a mnil ghusbsha w naakhuthhum ‘alaa ghafla. Almafruudh ma niTla’a mita?akhreen winkuun
hnaak gabil maa yitrayaguun

We will go out early at dawn and take them by surprise. In fact, we should not be late and be there
before they are having their breakfast.

The verb has a number of uses and meanings, so we have a few extra examples:
go out of the house . ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻞ ال ﺑﯿﺖ‬ .1
The sun shines and the moon shines . ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻊ اﻟﺸﻤﺲ وﯾﻄﻠﻊ ال‬ .2
had a dirty trick against me ( idiom) . ‫طﻠﻊ طﻠﻌﺔ وﯾﺎي ﻣﺎ‬ .3

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came out chick and tidy .‫ طﻠﻊ ﻛﺸﺨﺔ ﻣﺎل ﷲ‬.4

responded well against him as retaliation . ‫ طﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ‬.5
came out innocent ‫ طﻠﻊ ﺑﺮي ء‬.6
is released from prison ‫ طﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻞ ال ﺳﺠﻦ‬.7
all garbage is revealed ‫ طﻠﻌﺖ ال ﺧﯿﺴﺔ‬.8
nice to see you ( idiom)  ‫ ھﺎي ﻣﻦ وﯾﻦ طﻠﻊ ال‬9
he does no more live with us and rented another house ‫ﺭ ﻟﻪ ﺒﻴﺕ‬‫ ﻁﻠﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﺠ‬10
he got an ID card. (measure 2) ‫ ﻁﻠﻊ ﻟﻪ ) ﻁﻠﹼﻌﻠﻪ( ﻫﻭﻴﺔ‬11
he found excuses ( made up) ( measure 2) ‫ ﻁﻠﻊ ﻟﻪ ) ﻁﻠﹼﻌﻠﻪ( ﺍﻋﺫﺍﺭ‬12
he gave us hard time ( measure2) ‫ ﻁﻠﹼﻊ ﺭﻭﻭﺤﻨﺎ‬13
we had hard time and underwent hardships ‫ ﻁﻠﻌﺕ ﺭﻭﻭﺤﻨﺎ‬14
he got fortunate, accidentally he got it, he got the lottery ‫ ﻁــِﻠـَﻊ ﻟﻪ ) ﻁﻠﻌﻠﻪ( ﺤﻅ ﺒل ﻴﺎ ﻨﺼﻴﺏ‬15
he accidentally had a thief who robbed him  ‫ ﻁﻠﻊ ﻟﻪ ) ﻁﻠﻌﻠﻪ( ﺤﺭﺍﻤﻲ‬16
 unexpectedly someone started giving him a hard time ‫ﺓ ﺭﺠﻠﻪ‬‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻭ‬ ‫ ﻁﻠﻊ ﻟﻪ‬17

(6) ‫ﯾـﺘـــﺮك‬ ‫ﯾﺨﻠﻠـﻲ‬

ّ
/jatruk/ let /make /jkhalli/

This verb has several meanings so we have a few more examples to tackle this verb.

‫ ﺗﺤﻮطﻮوھﻢ وﯾﺼﯿﺮوون ﺟﻮا‬ ‫ اﻧﺘﻮ ﻻزم ﺗﺨﻠﻠﻮن ﺟﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﺪو ﯾﻘﺘﺮﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد‬.  ‫ﺧﻠﻠﻮﻧﺎ‬
.‫ﻧﯿﺮان اﺳﻠﺤﺘﻜﻢ‬
Khaluuna niHchii . ?intuu laazim tkhalluun jinuud il ‘aaduu yiqtirbuu minkum ‘almuud tgidruun
tHawTuuhum w ySeeruun jawwa neeraan ?asliHatkum

Let us talk. You need to allow the enemy soldiers approach closer so that you can surround them and
have them under your weapons’ fire (range).

. ‫ ل ﻣﺮ‬‫راح اﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﺗﺬوو‬

raaH ?akhalleek tdhuug l mur
I will let you suffer.

.‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ‬. ‫ﻻﺗﺴﻮوي ﻗﺎرش وارش‬

. ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ‬، ‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﻘﺎرش وﯾﺎه‬
La tsawwii qaarish waarish. Khalleek saakit.
Do not make any problems. Keep quiet.
Do not annoy or challenge him. Keep silent.

ّ ‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﺳﻼﺣﻚ ﻋﻞ ارض وإرﻓﻊ اﯾﺪﯾﻚ ﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﺳﻼﺣك ھﻧﺎك وﺗﻌﺎل ﻟﻲ ﺟﺎي ﯾﻣﻲ‬.‫وﺳﻠم ﻧﻔﺳك‬
Khallii slaaHak ‘aal ?aridh w ?irfa’a ?eede:k lii fog w sallim nafsak.
Put your weapon on the ground and raise your hands up and surrender. Leave your weapon where it is
and come forward.
.‫ ﺗﺮى ﺻﻌﺪت ﯾﻤﻲ‬. ‫ ﻻ ﺗﻄﻮﻟﮭﺎ؟ ھﺬا واﺟﺒﻲ‬. ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﻧﺎزل ﻣﻨﻞ ﺳﯿﺎرة‬.. ‫ﺧﻮﯾﺎ‬
My friend…Do step down. Do not delay. This is my job. In fact, I lost my patience.

‫ اﻛﻮ‬. ‫رﺟﺎﻟﮫ ﯾﻄﻠﻌﻮون ﻣﻨﻞ ﺣﻮش ﻟﻲ ﺑﺮاﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻧﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﻔﺘﺶ ل‬ ّ ‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ل ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﯾﺮﺣﻮن ) ﯾﺮﺣﻦ( ب ﻓﺪ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ول‬
‫ ﻓﺎذا اﻛﻮ ﻧﺎس ﻣﺨﺒﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻧﺮﯾﺪھﻢ‬ ‫ ب ﺗﺤﺮي ل‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻛﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺨﺒﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻋﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻟﻮ ﺑﻞ ﺳﺮداب ﺗﺮى راح‬
‫ ﻟﻮ ﯾﻄﻠﻌﻮن ﺑﺮا وﻣﺎ ﯾﺮاوون ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ راح‬.‫وﻟﻮن ھﻢ ( ﺷﺎﯾﻠﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻼح‬ ّ ) ‫اﻧﮭـﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻌﻮن وﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﻮﯾﻠﮭﻢ ﺷﻲ وﻟﻮ‬
.‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻄﺐ ل ﺑﯿﺖ راح ﻧﻌﻮﻓﮫ وﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﺧﺬه وﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﻻي ﺑﻜﺎن‬ ‫ ﻓﻠﻲ ﯾﺴﻠﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ھﺴﮫ‬. ‫ﻧﻌﻔﯿﮭﻢ‬

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Khallii l Hareem yirHan l fad ghurfa wil rjaal yTil’auun mnil Hosh lii barra ‘almuud nfatishil beit. ?ako
‘aidkum waaHid mkhabii nafsa ‘al SaTiH lo bil sardaab taraa raaH nguum b taHaree l beit fa?itha ?aku
naas mkhabaayeen nreedhum yTil’auun wmaansaweelhum shee walawin shaayleen slaaH. Lo yTil’auun
barra wmaa yraawuun muqaawama, raaH ni’afeehum. falii ysallim nafsa hassa gabil maa nTibil beit
raaH n’auufa wma naakhtha wiyaana l?ay bukaan.

Let women go to one room. Men come out of the house because we want to search the house. Do you
have anyone hiding on the roof of the house or in the basement. We intend to raid the house so if there
are people hiding we need them to come out and we will not hurt them though having weapons. If they
come out and show that they will not resist we have nothing against them. Any one who surrenders
willingly right now before we enter the house, we will let them free and we do not take them with us to
anywhere.
‫ وﯾﻦ ﺗﺼﯿﺮ ل ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ؟‬، ‫ﷲ ﯾﺨﻠﻠﯿﻚ‬
?alla ykhaleek wein tSeer il maHkama?
Please, where is the court? ( Please, help me ______)

Literally: ?alla ykhaleek = God saves you

This is a way to talk with some you do not know to ask for help.

‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ل ﺷﺎﺟﻮر ﺑﻞ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ‬

Khallii l shaajuur bil bundaqiya
Put the magazine in the rifle. (feed your rifle )

‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ راﺣﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻠﺢ‬
Khaleeni ‘ala raaHtii la tliH ‘alay-ya
Leave me alone do not make me waste time

. ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﻧﺮوح ﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎ‬

Khaleena nruuH min naa
Let’s get out of here.

He respected us and did everything for us.

Il rij-jaal maa khal-la qSuur. Gaam bil waajib.
.‫ ﺑﻞ واﺟﺐ‬ . ‫ال رﺟﺎل ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻠﮫ ﻗﺼﻮر‬
(7) ‫ﯾــﺒــﺼـــﻖ‬
ِ ‫ﯾﺘﻔـﻞ‬
/jubsiq/ spit /jitfil/
.‫ ﯾﺎ أﺧﻲ ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻲ‬.  ‫ وﺗﻔﻠﺖ ب‬ ‫رزﻟﺘﮫ‬
Razzalta ze:n wtifalit bwicha. Yaa?akhii haatha maa yistiHii.
I berated him and spat on his face. Man, he has no shame.

(8) ‫ﯾـــﺘــــﻜـﻠـﻢ‬
ّ 
/jatakal la mu/ speak /jiHchi/

.‫ذ‬‫ذ‬ ‫ وﻛﻠﮭﺎ‬.‫ﺑﺮاﺳﻚ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﮫ‬ .‫ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬

Haatha yiHcheelak Hachii kulla mrattab.tguumil gruun braasak liman tsim’aa. w kullha chithib b
chithib.
This man speaks to you with well arranged speech, you are amazed when you hear him. But all is lie.

(9) ‫ﯾـﺮﻣـﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺬب‬

/jirmi:/ throw / jthib/

‫ ورﻓﻌﻮ‬. ‫ ذﺑﻮ ﺳﻼﺣﮭﻢ ﻋﻞ‬. ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻮﯾﺎ‬. ‫ ورﻣﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻣﺪاﻓﻊ ھﺎون‬.‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺻﺎر ال ﻟﯿﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﺮﻧﺎھﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺮ‬
ِّ
َ َ ‫ ھﺴﮫ ﺻﺎﯾﺮﯾﻦ‬. ‫اﯾﺪﯾﮭﻢ وﺳﻠﻤﻮ اﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ل‬
‫ﻛــﺮﺗﮫ‬

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Liman Saar il le:l HaSarnaahum bil maqar. Wrame:na ‘ale:hum madaafi’a haawan. Ba’aid shwaya.
Thabau slaaHhum ‘aal gaa’a wrif’au ?eede;hum w sallimau ?anfushum mithil l chlaab hassa Saayreen
karata ( shoehorn) .

When it got dark, we cordoned them in their HQs. We fired mortars at them. After a while, they threw
their weapons on the ground and raised their hands up to surrender like dogs. Now they are very
submissive (like a shoehorn).

َ َ
(10) ‫ﯾــﻤـﺰح‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺸﺎﻗﺎ‬
/jamzaHu/ is joking / is kidding /jitshaqa/

. ‫ ﻋﺒﺎﻟﻚ إﺣﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﺸﺎﻗﺎ وﯾﺎﻛﻢ‬. ‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻣﻮ ﺷﻘﺎ‬

Yaa .akhii al Harb muuu shaqa. ‘abalak ?iHnaa nitshaaqa waiyaakum.
Man, war is not easy. Do you think we are kidding with you?

(11) ‫ﯾـﺴــﺘــﮭـﺰء‬
ِ ‫ﯾﻘﺸﻤﺮ‬
/jastahzi?/ deride , mock /jqashmir /
make a fool out of
.‫ ل ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﻠﺲ وﺿﯿﻌﻮ‬ ‫ھﺬوﻟﮫ ﺷﯿﺎطﯿﻦ ﻗﺸﻤﺮوﻛﻢ ب‬
hthola shayaaTeen qashmarokum bcham filis w dhaya’auu ‘ale:kum il furSa
These are devils. They were able to convince you with a little bit of money (make a fool out of you) ,
and made you lose the opportunity

(12) ‫ﯾــــﻘــﻔـﺰ‬
ُ َ  \ ‫ﯾﻨﻄﺰ‬
/jaqfizu/ jump/ bounce /jigmiz/ ، /jinTiz/
.‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺒﯿﺘﮫ‬‫ﺻﺎر ﻋﺼﺒﻲ و‬
Saar ‘aaSabee wgaam yigmiz min ‘asabiyitta
He got mad and started jumping when he lost his temper

‫ﻣﻨﻞ ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻋﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﯿﺮ ل رﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ واﻧـﺖ ﺑﻞ ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻣﺎﺷﯿﺔ ﺑﻞ رﺗﻞ‬‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻮ ﺳﮭﻠﺔ اﻧﺖ‬
Muu sahla ?inta tugmuz ( tchiT) mnil sayyara ‘aidma yseerl ramii ‘ale:k winta bil sayaara maashiya bil
ratil
It is not easy to jump from the car when an attack is launched and you are in a car on convoy.
Muu sahla

(13) ‫ﯾــﺤـﻤـــﻞ‬
ُ َ ‫ﯾﺸﯿﻞ‬
/jaHmilu/ carry /jshiil/
.‫ ﯾﺸﯿﻞ ﺗﻠﺚ اطﻨﺎن ﺣﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ل ورد‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
Hal peekap ysheel tlath ?aTnaan mithlil ward.
This Pickup(truck) carries 3 tons easily.

(14) ‫ﯾﺴﺘـﻌـﻤﻞ ﻛﻠـﻤـﺎت ﺑـﺬﯾـﺌـــﺔ‬ (‫ﯾﻔﺸﺮ )ﯾﺴﺐ‬

/jastaa’milu kalimatan ba i:?a/ ysib, yfash-shir
use bad word (F. words)

.‫ وﺷﻜﺪ أرزﻟﮫ ﻣﺎ دا ﺗﻔﯿﺪ‬.ϪϤϬϳ

Ύϣ
ͿϮϛ΍
Ύ
ϣΪϜη . ‫ ھﺬا ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﯾﻔﺸﺮ ھﻮاﯾﮫ‬.‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻼﻣﮫ ﻓﺸﺎر‬
Yaa ?akhii kulla kalama fshaar. Haatha fad waaHid mayistaHii yfashir hwaaya. Shgad ?agulla maa
yhimma. Wshgad /arazla ma daa tfeed.

Man, all his words are to curse words he has no shame using F words a lot. Time and time I have told
him but in vain. I even berate him but he makes no change.

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(15) ‫ﯾـﻠـــﺤــﻖ‬ 

/julHiqu/ join He joins /jilhag /

.‫ ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺸﺒﻌﻮن‬.‫ ﻧﺠﯿﺒﻠﮭﻢ إل ارزاق ﺗﻤﻦ وﺷﻜﺮ وﻓﺎﺻﻮﻟﯿﺎ وطﺤﯿﻦ وﻣﺎ دا ﺗﻔﯿﺪ وﯾﺎھﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ د‬

madanlaHig njeebilhumil ?arzaaq timan w shaker w faSuulya wTaheen wma da tfeed wiyaahum. Yaaa
?akhii maa yishba’auun.

Non-stop we bring them rations such as rice, sugar, beans, and flour and it makes no change. Man, they
never stop eating.

(16) ‫ﯾرى‬ ‫ﯾﺷووف‬

/jara/ He sees /jshu:f/

 ‫ واﺣد ﻣﺎﯾﺷوف زﯾن وﻟﮭﺬا ﯾﻨﺮاد ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮن ﺣﺬرﯾﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﯿﺔ اﻧﻮ ل ﻣﺘﻤﺮدﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﺴﻠﻠﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑل‬
.(‫وﯾﺎﺧﺬوﻛﻢ ) ﯾﺎﺧﺬوﻛﻮ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ وﯾﺮﻣﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ )ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻮ‬
Bile:l waaHid ma yshuuf ze:n walihaatha yinraad tkuunuun Hathreen min qadhiyat ?annu l
mutamarideen yitsallaluun ‘ale;kum bil le:l w yaakhthuku ‘alla ghafla w yirmuun ‘ale:ku.

At night one cannot see well. Therefore, you need to be aware that insurgents may sneak behind you
and take you by surprise (and shoot at you).

measure 2 is yshaw-wif / ywar-rii = to show ‫ﯾﻮري‬

ّ \ ‫ﯾﺸﻮف‬
ّ
‫ ﺍﺼل ﻟﻠﻤﻁﺎﺭ؟‬ (‫ﺷﻮﻓﻨﻲ‬
ّ ) ‫ورﯾﻨﻲ‬
ّ
War-riini shlo:n aSal il maTaar.
Show me how to get to the airport.

(17) ‫ﯾﻘﻮل‬ 

/jaqu:l/ say /jgu:l /

‫ اﻧﮫ ) اﻧﻮ( اھﻞ ل ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ) ﻣﻮاﺻﻠﺔ( إﻟﮭﻢ ﻋﻘﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﺠﺎرﯾﺔ وﻋﺼﯿﯿﻦ وﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮن وﯾﺎك ﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻔﻠﺲ‬
Yguuluun ?annu ?ahlil Mosul ( al mawasla) ?ilhum ‘aqliya tijaariya w ‘aiSiyeen w yit’amaluun wiyaak
lHadil fils.
It is said that Moslawis have a business brain. They are stingy , and they bargain to a penny.

(18) ‫ﯾﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﺎوع ﻋﻠﻰ‬

Yandhur ila look at ybaawi’a ‘aala

‫ ﺗﺸﻮوﻓﮫ ﺑﯿﮫ ﺗﺤﯿﺰ‬، ‫ ﻋﻞ ﻗﺮار اﻟﻠﻲ اﺻﺪرﺗﮫ ل ﻟﺠﻨﺔ‬ ‫إذا ﺗﺒﺎوع‬

?itha tbaawi’a ze:n ‘al qaraar ?il le ?izdarituu il lijna , tshuuf bee taHayuz
If you look carefully into the decree issued by the committee, you will find it is bias.

‫ﻧﺮوح ﻧﺒﺎوع ﻋﻞ ﺷﻂ‬

nruuH nbaawi’a ‘aal shaT ( or nahir)
We will go to see the river .

(19) ‫ﯾﺴﺮق‬ 

Yisriq steal ybuug

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‫ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺲ ھﺎي طﻠﻊ‬.‫ ﻧﺴﻒ ل اﻛﻮ ول ﻣﺎﻛﻮ وﺷﻠﻌﮭﺎ‬. ‫ درﺟﺔ اوﻟﻰ‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﺧﻮش وﻟﺪ وﻧﺰﯾﮫ ﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﻔﻨﺎ اﻧﻮ ﺑﻮا‬
. ‫اﻧﻮ ﻣﺎﻛﻞ ﻛﻮﻣﺖ ﻓﻠﻮس ﻣﺎ ﻟﺘﻠـ ﻧﺎس وﻣﺎﻛﻞ رﺷﺎوي ھﻮاﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ دﯾﺮة‬
‘aabaalna khosh walad w nazeeh ba’ade:n shifna ?annu bawaag daraja ?uula. nasaf ?il ?akuu wil maaku
wshala’ha. Muu bas haay Til’a ?annu maakil komat fluus maltil naas w maakil rashaawi hwaa-ya mnil
deera.
We thought he is a good man and honest, but later we found out that he is a big thief. He stole
everything and fled. It is not only this, he has taken people’s money and took bribes from the town.

(20) ‫ﯾﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺪري‬

Yi’alam know yidrii
‫ﻋدس‬‫ﺿﺒﺖ‬ ‫ل ﯾﺪري ﯾﺪري وﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﺪري‬
Lyidrii yidrii wil ma yidrii chaffat ‘aadas
If you do not know, why then talk about it!
‫راﯾﺢ ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ادري‬
Maa ?adrii we:n raayiH ?
I do not know where are you going?

(21) ‫ﯾﻠﺗﻘط‬   

yiltiqiT pick up (understand) Yilgif

‫ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ وھﻲ طﺎﯾرة‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﺷووف ھذا ﻻ ﺗﺷووﻓﮫ‬

‫وإﻧت ﻣﺎ درﯾﺎن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ ل‬
. ‫ ال اﺳﺗﺧﺑﺎرات ﻓد ﯾوم‬‫راح‬
Shuuf haatha la tshuufa heechi. Haatha yilgaf l shaghla whiya Tayra
Yligfuun l lugma min halgag winta ma diryaan
raaH tligfa il istikhbaaraat fad yo:m.

Do not see him like that. He is very smart. He understands it like that.
They snatch the bite from your mouth ( sneakily) without your knowledge.
One day the intelligence ( usually the military one) will catch him one day.

(22) ‫ﯾﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺣط‬

yidha’a put yHiT
 ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ِﺣﻂ ھﺎي‬
‫ ﻋﻠﻰ راﺳك ﻟﻣن ﺗطﻠﻊ ﻣﻧل ﺑﻧﺎﯾﺔ‬) ‫إﻧت ﻋﺳﻛري ﻻزم ﺗﺣط ل ﺳﯾدارة‬
HiTjaayil lampa ‘al .e:z
Put this lamp on the table

?inta ‘askarii laazim tHiTil seedaara ‘aal raasak liman tiTla’a mnil SaTiH
You are military. You must put your cover on when you go out of the building

(23) ‫ﯾﺘﺠﻮل‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺮ‬

Yitjaw wal yfir
Walk wander spin/ walk around/ flee
‫ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ ب ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻨﺎ‬  ،‫ﻣﻦ وﺻﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮه ﻟﻠﺴﻮك ل ﺷﻌﺒﻲ‬
ّ ‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻠﻨﺎﻧﺎ‬،‫وﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﺪﯾﻨﺎ‬
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻮ ل ﺳﻄﺢ وﻧﺰﻟﻮ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﺎرو ﯾﻔﺮروون ﻣﻨﻞ‬، ‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺑﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ‬
Min wiSalna, bide:na nfir bil madeena bsayaaratna
When we arrived, we started cruising around the city in our car.

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W ba’aid ma tghade:na, ‘aimilnaana farra lilsuug il sha’abii

After we took our lunch, we walked to the local popular market

Limman bide:na nirmii ‘ale:hum, tirkauil SaTiH wnizlau w ba’ade:n Saarau yfiruun mnil be:t
When we started shooting at them, they left the roof of the house and went down. From there they
started fleeing from the house.

ّ 
(24) ‫ﯾﺗﻣﻠق‬ 
Yitmallaq kiss somebody’s ass ylaw-wig ( put shadda)
‫ ﺻﺎر‬،‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﮫ‬
 ‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ داﻋﻲ‬
Min shaafa, Saar ylaw -wigla
Once he saw him, he started kissing his ass

Yaa ?akhii maaku daa’aii tlaw-wigla

Man, you don’t have to kiss his ass.

Do not confuse ( yluug-la) with ( ylaw-wig- la)

tluugla il . It fits him. ‫ ﻟﮫ‬

Tlaw-wig-la . You praise him to get something from him ‫ ﻟﮫ‬.‫ﯾﻠﻮ‬

(25) ‫ﯾﺷطب‬ 

yishTib erase / take out ychiz

‫ ﺑﺪون ارزاق‬‫ إﺳﻤﻲ وھﺴﮫ ظــــ‬ ‫ ﻣﻨﻮو راح و‬. ‫ ﺑﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎت ل ﺗﻤﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ اﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫إﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻨﻞ ﻗﺎﯾﻤﺔ‬‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻻ‬
Yaa ?akhii ?ismii chaan b biTaaqaatil tamween. Minuu raaH w chaz ?ismii whassa dhale:t biduun
?arzaaq.
Man, my name was on the ration cards. I do not know who has erased my name. Now I remain without
rations.

Yaa ?akhee laa tchiz ?ismii mnil qaayima.

Man, do not erase ( take out) my name from the list.

(26) ‫ﯾﺠﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﯿﺐ‬

Yijlib bring yjeeb
‫ ﻧﺠﯿﯿﺐ وﻧﻮدي ل ﻧﺎس ﺑﻔﻠﻮﺳﻨﺎ‬ ‫إﺣﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﺠﯿﺒﻨﻨﺎ ) ﺗﺠﯿﺐ إﻟﻨﺎ( ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺠﯿﺒﻨﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﯾﺖ ﺻﻤﻮن ﺑﯿﺪك ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺠﻲ‬

(27) ‫ﯾﺮي‬ ‫ﯾﻮري \ ﯾﺮاوي‬

ّ
Yurii show ywarri
Do it if you can. ‫ورﯾﻨﺎ ) راوﯾﻨﺎ( ﻋﺮوض إﺟﺘﺎﻓﻚ‬
show us your ID with a picture. ‫ورﯾﻨﺎ ھﻮﯾﺘﻚ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﺻﻮرﺗﻚ‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻮرﯾﻨﻲ اوراق ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ ارﯾﺪك ﺗﺮاوﯾﻨﻲ ھﻮﯾﺘﻚ ل ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ وﯾﺎ ﻟﺼﻮرة‬
I will show you red eyes. I’ll give you a headache. ‫اورﯾﻚ ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﻤﺮة‬ ّ ‫راح‬

(28) ‫ﯾﻨﺎول‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎوش‬

Ynaawil pass on ynaawish

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‫ ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺎوﺷﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﺎي آﻧﻲ‬

. ‫ﻧﺎوﺷﻨﻲ ال ﺑﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ راح اطﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
(29) ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮﻧﺲ‬
Yitmata’a enjoy yitannas

(‫ ) ازﺑﻮﻋـ‬‫رﺣﻨﺎ ﻟﻲ ھﻨﺎك وﺗﻮﻧﺴﻨﺎ إﺳﺒﻮ‬

(30) ‫ﯾوﺑﺦ‬
ّ 
Ywabbikh rebuke yhich
‫وﯾرزﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﮫ‬
When he saw him he berated and scolded him.
ّ ‫ﯾﺻــ‬
(31) ‫ﯾﻌﻠق‬ ّ
Y’alliq pick on ySachim
‫ ﻻ ﺗﺻــ‬‫ﺷﻮف‬
(32)‫ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬
Yintidhir wait for ytaani
‫ﺗﺎﻧﯿﻨﻲ ھﺴﮫ ﺟﺎي‬
‫راح اﺗﺎﻧﯿﻚ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬
(33) ‫ﯾﻘﺒﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﯾﺒﻮوس‬
Yqabbil kiss ybuus
 ، ‫ ﺑﺎس‬، ‫ﯾﺒﻮس‬

.‫ ﻋﻞ آﺧﺮ وﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺘﺸﺎوﻓﻮون ﯾﺘﺒﺎوﺳﻮون‬ ‫ واﺣﺪ‬..... ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻘﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﺴﻮﯾﯿﻠﻠﻲ ﯾﺎھﺎ راح اﺑﻮس اﯾﺪك‬
 . ( ‫ﺼﺘﻙ‬ ‫اﻧﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﻓﺪ‬
(34)‫ﯾﺘﺴﻮس‬ ‫ﯾﺨﯿﺲ‬
Yisaw was decay ykhees
‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ل ﺧﻀﺎر ﺑﻞ ﺛﻼﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻣﺎ ﯾﺨﯿﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻒ اﺳﻨﺎﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﯿﺲ‬
‫ ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﯾﺲ ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
(35)‫ ﯾﻔﺟر‬  ‫ﯾط‬
Yfajir burst yTig
. ‫ﻣﻧل ﺣر‬‫طـ‬‫طــ‬
َ ‫ﯾﻄــ‬
ِ ‫واﺣﺪ‬
 ‫ وﺷوﯾﺗﻠوخ‬. ‫ﻋل ﻣﯾﯾﮫ‬‫ل ﺗﺎﯾر وإﻧﺎ اﺳوو‬‫طــ‬
. ‫ ﺑس ھﺳﮫ اﻟﺑﻧﺎﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻧزل ﻋﻠﯾﻧﺎ‬ ....... ‫ ھزت ال ﺑﻧﺎﯾﺔ ھز‬.... ‫ل ﻗﻣﺑﻠﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﻦ طــ‬
waaHid yTig Tug mnil Har
Tugil Tayir w?ana ?asuug ‘ala miya. Wishwayitlukh china ningilib
Limman Taggit l qumbila hazzatil binaaya haz gillna bas hassa la tinzal ‘ale:na

One explodes from heat

The tire punctured while driving 100 miles per hour. The car was about to turn over.
When the bomb exploded, the building shocked heavily to a degree we thought it is about to come
down on us.

(36 )‫ﯾﻧﻔﺟر‬‫ﯾﻨــﻂ‬
Yinfijir explode yinTag
. ‫ل ﻗﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧل ﺿﺣك ﻟﻣن‬‫إﻧﻄـ‬
?inTge:t mnil dhiHik limman Hichal qiSSa.

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I burst in laughter when he told the story.

(37) ‫ﯾﮭﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺠﺎﺳﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

yuheen step over the line yitjaasar ‘aala

‫ ﺑﻜﯿﻔﮫ ﺑﺲ راح ﯾﺠﻲ ﯾﻮم ﻧﺤﺎﺳﺒﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ ﯾﺘﺠﺎﺳﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ﺑﺲ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻨﺎه‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﺎه ﻣﻨﻮ أﻛﻮ ﻋﺪﻛﻢ ﺑﻞ‬
. ‫اﻟﻠﻲ‬
Limman sa?alnaa minu ?aku ‘aidkum bil be”t gaam yitjaasar ‘ale:na bas khale:naa yiHchii bke:fa bas
raaH yijii yom nHasba ‘al lii gala.

When we asked him who was with them in the house, he stepped over the line and shouted at us. We
let him say whatever he wanted to say. There will be a day when we will hold him accountable ( punish
him) for what he said.

(38) ‫ﯾﺤﯿﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﯾﺴﺨــﺖ‬
ّ
yiHaayal sucking off ysakhit
ّ
 ‫ﯾﺳﺧت وﻣﺎ ﯾروح ﻟل ﺷﻐل ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﮭل ﻓﺗرة ل أﺧﯾرة‬
Gam bil fatra l ?akheera ysakh-khit wmaay yrooH lilshughul min wagit.
He recently started goofing off at his job well and not going to his work not on time

(39) ‫ﯾـﻀﻤﺪ‬
ّ ُ ‫ﯾﺪاوي‬
Yudhammid bandage/ treat ydaawii
. ‫ اﻛﻮ اي طﺒﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﯾﺪاوﯾﮫ‬‫إﻧﺠﺮﺣﺖ اﯾﺪه وﻣﺎ‬
?injirHat ?eeda wmaa chaan ?akuu ?ay Tabeeb ‘almuud ydaawii
His hand was injured and there was no doctor to treat him.

‫ ﻋﻘم ل ﻣﻛﺎن او ﻏﺳﻠﮫ وﻧظف ﻣﻛﺎن ل ﺟرح وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺧﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ل ﺷﺎش وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺷدده ﺑل ﻟﻔﺎف وﺳوي ﻋﻘدة‬،‫ﻣﺎ ﺗداوي ل ﺟرح‬
.ً ‫ﺑس اذا ﻛﺎن إل ﺟرح ﻻ زال ﺑﯾﮫ ﻧزف ﺷد ل ﻋﻘدة ﻋﻠﻰ ل ﺟرح راﺳﺎ‬. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺣﺔ ل ﺟرح‬

Gabil ma daawii il jariH, ‘aqim il makaan ?au ghisla w nadhif makaanil jariH w ba’ade:n khallii ‘aale: il
shaash w ba’ade:n shidda bil lifaaf w sauwii ‘aiqda ‘ala SafHatil jariH. Bas itha kaanil jariH la zaal bii
nazif shid il ‘auqda ‘alal jariH raasan

Before bandaging the wound, use antiseptics or clean the wound, put gauze, and then tie it with bandage
and make a knot to the side of the wound. If the wound is still bleeding, tie the knot directly on the
wound.

(40) ‫ﯾﺘﻤﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﻠﻌﺐ‬

Yatamal’ab Play around yitmal’ab
. ‫ راﯾﺤﯿﻦ ھﻨﺎك دا ﯾﺘﻤﻠﻌﺒﻮون‬،‫ھﻤﺎ دا ﯾﺴﻮون ﺧﻮش ﺷﻐﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﻣﺎ اظﻦ‬
Maa ?adhin humma daa ysauwuun khosh shugul, raayHeen hnaak daa yitmashghaluun
I do not think that they are doing a good job, they are there playing around.

(41‫ﯾﺘﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺸﻐﻞ‬
Yatamashghal get make (oneself) busy yitmashghal

.‫راﯾﺤﯿﻦ ھﻨﺎك ﯾﺘﻤﺸﻐﻠﻮن وﻣﺎ دا ﯾﻘﺪﻣﻮون اي ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻞ ﻣﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ‬

raayHeen hnaak yitmashghaluun wma daa yqadimmuun ?ay khidma lil muwaaTineen
They have gone their making themselves busy, and they are not providing any service to citizens

(42)‫ﯾﺘﻤﺎرض‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺎرض‬
Yatamaaradh fake being sick yitmaarath

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‫وﯾﺘﻤﻠـﺺ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ‬

ّ ‫ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﻼﺛﺔ ﯾﺘﻤﺎرض‬
Kul yome:n tlatha yitmaaradh w yitmallaS mnil shugul.
Every 2 or 3 days he fakes being sick and avoids going to work.

(43) ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺸﺎوف‬

Yataqaabal see each other yataahaawaf

.‫ھﺴﮫ آﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺠﻞ راح ارووح ﺑﺲ ان ﺷﺎء ﷲ راح ﻧﺘﺸﺎوف ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ‬

Hassa ?aanii mista’ajil raaH ?aruuH bas ?inshaalla raaH nitshaawaf ‘an qareeb
I am in a hurry and must leave, but -God willing- we will see each other soon.

(44) ‫ﯾﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻮوف‬

Yit?aakal erode , wear out ysuuf
‫ ﺗﻌﺮف ھﺎي ﱢ‬.‫ وھﺴﮫ ﯾﻨﺮادﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻠﻮخ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ ﺗﺎﯾﺮات ﻣﻨﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺲ ﺳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺗﻜﻠﻒ‬
Shtire:t tayiraat mnil sharika bas saaafat min wagit w hassa yinradilha maritlukh tabdeel. Ti’arif haay
tkalif.
I bought tires from the company but they wore out fast. They must be replaced again. Do you know the
cost.

(45) ‫ﯾﻤﻸ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺮس‬

Yamla? Fill up / fill out Yitris
‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ طﺎف ﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺮس ل ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻟﻲ دﯾﻨﮭﺎ‬
.‫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﺮس ﺑﻄﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻮدﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﻛﻞ ھﻮاﯾﺔ وﻣﺎ‬
Tirasil sayyaara lii deenha gaaz limman Taaf ‘aal gaa’a.
T’aawadna naakul ktheer w ma nogaf limman maa tintiris baTinna

He filled the car too much with gas to a point it overflowed on the ground.
We got used to eating too much . we do not stop until our bellies are full.

(46) ‫ﯾﺘﻮﺿﺄ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻮﺿﻰ‬

Yatawadh-dha? have ablution yitwadh-dha

‫ ل ﺻﻼة وﺗﺤﻀﺮ ﻟﻞ ﺻﻼة واﻧﺖ طﺎھﺮ‬ ‫ﻻزم ﺗـﺘﻮﺿﻰ‬

Laazim titwadha gablil Salaa wtiHdhar lil Salaat winta Taahir
You need to have ablution (body cleaning) to attend your prayer while cleansed (purgated).

(47) ‫ﯾﺮاﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺸﻲ وﯾﺎ‬

Yraa’aii observe /abide by yimshii wiyya
.‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻂ وﯾﺎ ل ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت ﻻزم ﺗﻤﺸﻲ وﯾﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪھﻢ وﺗﺮاﻋﯿﮭﺎ‬
Limman tikhtiliT wiyaal muchtama;aat, laazim timshii wiyya taqaaleedhum wit traa’aeeha
When you mix up with the societies you need to abide by their traditions and observe them.

. ‫ﻋﻤﻲ ﺷﻐﻠﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻜﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

‘ammii, shughlak mash ba’aid shaku ‘ale:k
Man, you are okay. You fear nothing.

(48)‫ﯾﺘﻀﺎرب‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻤﺎﻟﺦ وﯾﺎ‬

Yatadhaarab fight yitmaalakh wiya
‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ وﺗﺸﻮوﻓﮫ ﯾﺘﻤﺎﻟﺦ وﯾﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﮫ‬
Kul shawayya wtshuufa mitmaalikh wiyya saHba.
Every now and then, you see him have a fight with his friends.

(49)‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎرك‬ quarel ‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎطﺢ وﯾﺎ‬

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Yata’aarak yiTnaaTaH
. ‫ﺗﺸﻮوﻓﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻨﺎطﺤﻮون واﺣﺪ وﯾﺎ اﻟﻠﺦ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد أﺷﯿﺎء ﺳﺨﯿﻔﺔ‬
Tshuufhum yiTnaaTaHuun wahid wiyya laakh ‘almuud ?ashyaa? sakheefa
You see them quarrelling over silly things.

(50) ‫ﯾﺴﺘﻐﻞ اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬  ‫ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﻋﻞ‬

Yistaghil il furSa play doubled standards yil’ab ‘aal Hable:n
be opportunist

‫ ﯾﻮم وﯾﺎ ھﺬا وﯾﻮم وﯾﺎ ذاك‬. ‫ ﺗﺸﻮوﻓﮭﻢ ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﻞ ﻧﺎس ﯾﻠﻌﺒﻮون ﻋﻞ‬
Qisim mnil naas yil’abuun ‘aal Hable:n . tshuufhum kul yom shikil. Yom wiyya haatha wyom wiyya
thaak.
Some people are opportunists. You see them changing. One day they go with someone, the other day
with someone else.

(51) ‫ﯾﺘﺠﻮل \ ﯾﺘﺤﺎﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺮووح ﻣﻨﺎ وﻣﻨﺎ‬

YataHaayal/ yatajawal go here and there yruuH minna w minna
Play games
ّ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬
‫وﻣﻨﺎ‬ ّ ‫راح ﻧﺘﺎﻧﯿﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺮووح‬
ّ‫ﻣﻨﺎ او ﻣﻨﺎ‬
ّ ‫ ﺗﺮووح‬‫ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺑﯿﻚ ﻻ‬
raaH ntaneek. La truuH minna w minna
‘aidna thiqa beek la tguum truuH minna ?au minna

We will wait for you. Don’t go here and there

We trust you so do not play around with us.

(52) ‫اي ﻣﻨﻔﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ‬

?ay manfath exit / solution maakuu minna minna

ّ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﺎ… ﺑﻠﻛت ﺗﺸﻮوﻓﻮﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﺪ‬ ّ ‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ‬ ‫ ب ورطﺔ‬ ‫إﺣﻨﺎ‬
?iHna waag’aeen b warTa chibeera ya’anii maaku minna minna .balkit tshuufuunna fad chaara
We are in a big predicament ( quagmire /unpleasant situation). Is there a way you can find a solution for
us?

(53) ‫ﯾﺘﻄﻔﻞ‬  ‫ﯾﺼﺨﻤﻦ‬

yitTaffal intrude ySakhmin wich
.  ‫ و‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻮ ﺻﺨﻤﻦ‬
Minnu Sakhman wichchak wgallak tiHchii.
Who told you to interfere and speak?

ّ 
53) ‫ﯾؤﻣن‬
Yu?am-min guarantee / insure ysogir
‫ﻟﻣن ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ھو ﻣﺎ‬

Huwa maa yogif lim-man maa ysogirha

He never stops doing it until he follows through with what he guaranteed.

54
‫ﯾﺆذي‬ ‫ﯾﻮدي ب داھﯿﺔ‬
Yu?thii cause you problem ywad-dii bdaahiya
‫ ﺗﺮى راح ﯾﻮدﯾﻚ ب داھﯿﺔ‬،  ‫ﻻ‬
(55)

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‫ﯾﻜﺮ وﯾﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻀﺮب وﯾﺸﻠﻊ‬

Ykir u fir hit and run yidhrib wyIshla’a

‫ ﯾﻀﺮب وﯾﺸﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﻠﺰم‬. ‫ھﺬا زﯾﻦ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺷﻐﻠﮫ‬

(56)
‫ﯾﺘﺪﺣﺮج ) ﯾﻨﻘﻠﺐ( ﻋﻞ ارض‬ (‫ )ﻋﻞ ارض‬
Yinqilib al ?aridh roll on the ground yitgarfaz
Scratch the back on the ground
 ‫ﺧﻠﻼ ه ﻋﻞ‬
57
‫ﯾﻌرف \ ﯾﻣﺳك‬
Yimsak, yi’arif get or understand yilgif
Catch / bust
‫ وھﻲ طﺎﯾﺮه‬

. ‫ﺍل ﺸﺭﻁﺔ‬
(58)
(‫ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮ )ﯾﻤﻮت‬ ‫ أﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ‬
yistaHdhir is about to die yilgif ?anfaasa

‫ اﻧﻔﺎﺳﮫ إل اﺧﯿﺮة‬ ‫دا‬

(59)
‫ﯾﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫\ ﺟﻔﺺ ﯾﺠﻂ‬ ( (‫ﻓﺼﻬﺎ‬ ) ‫ﻛﺎم ﯾﺤﺠﻲ ھﻮاﯾﺎ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺟﻄﮭﺎ‬
yikhTa? make a mistake yChiT

‫ﺗﺄﻓﻠﺲ‬ ‫ ﻋﻞ رﻧﻜﺎت‬
‫ )ﻗﻌﺪ( ﻋﻞ رﻧﻜﺎت‬
(60)
T?aflas went bankrupt gi’ad ‘aal ringaat

‫إﻧﺠﻠﺦ إل ﺻﺒﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب إل ﺳﯿﺎرة‬

(61)
‫ﯾﻨﺨﺪش‬ ‫إﻧﺠﻠﺦ‬
inqashaT (zaala minhu) scratched, chipped injilakh

(62)
‫ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻮﺑﯿﺎ راح ﯾﻄﺮووك طﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
Yufsal min disenroll, kick out yTir
If you cheat, they will dispense you from school.

(63)
‫ﯾﻀﺎﯾﻖ‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﺤﺎﺭﺵ‬  ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻲ‬.. ‫ﻋﻤﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﺎرش وﯾﺎي‬
yDaayiq harass, bother, nag yitHaarash

(64)
‫إﻗﻨﻌﮫ ﯾﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺸﻮ وﺧﻠﻲ ﯾﺮوح‬
?iqna’ahu yatruk convince him to go shayishu

(65)
‫ﯾﺆﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺼﻤﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺼﻤﺺ إل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
Yu?akhir delay, does not do it y’aSmiS

75
 76


 66
    
Yihra’a ilayhi jump/ dash to it yichfit ‘alei

(67 )
  ‫ﻫﻭ‬‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻔﻄﻮر‬ 
Yatanaawal il fiTuur take breakfast yiray-yag

(68)
‫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﺸﻰ ﺑﯿﻚ‬ ‫اﺗﻐﺪى ﺑﯿﮫ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻐﺬاء‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻐﺪى‬
Yatanaa-wal il ghathaa? Take lunch yitghad-da

You need to do something to him before he does something wrong to you.

Beat him before he does.

(69)
‫ﯾﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﻌﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺸﻰ‬
Yata-naa-wal al ‘ashaa? Take supper yi’ash-sha

(70)

 
yimsaH erase , take out ychiz
‫ﺍﺴﻤﻲ ﺒل‬  ‫ﻗﺎﻴﻤﺔ‬
My name was on the list. They took it out.
(71)
‫ﯾﻨﺰع‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻠﺢ‬
Yinza’a take ….off yishlaH
‫ ال ﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺗﺸﻠﺢ ﻣﻼﺑﺴﻚ‬
You cannot take off your clothes( in public) in front of the people.
(72)
‫ﺗﺘﻀﺎءل اﻟﻘﻮة‬ 

Tata-Dhaa-?al reduce da ychas-sii

‫ﻗﻮة ال ﺑﺎﺗﺮي ﻋﻨﺪي د‬
The power of the battery is getting weaker.
(73)

‫ﺳﺪد ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻚ‬ ‫واﺻﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻚ‬

Sud-did Hisaabuka your bill is paid

. ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻮن ال ﺣﺴﺎب‬. ‫ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻜﻢ اﺻﻞ‬..... ‫ال ﺷﺒﺎب‬
Young men your bill is paid . Do not pay the bill.
(74)
ّ
‫اﻧﺤﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻀﺖ‬

76
 77

inHallat is solved infadh-dhat

‫ﻻ ﺗﮭﺘﻢ ﻓﻀﯿﻨﺎﻟﻚ اﯾﺎه‬
Do not worry. We solved it for you.

(75)
‫ﺗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﺢ‬
ySir insist , nag yliH
‫ﺷﻮوف ﻻ ﺗﻠﺢ ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﺗﺮى ﻣﻮو زﯾﻦ‬
Do not over nag .It is not good.
(76)
‫ﯾﻨﺰع‬ ‫ﯾﺸﻠﺢ‬
Yinza’a Take off ( clothes, shoes)

‫ﺟﻮه‬
ّ ‫ طﺐ‬. ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ﻻ ﺗﺸﻠﺢ ﻗﻨﺎدرك‬
Do not take off you shoes. Come in.
(77)
(ً‫ﯾﺘﺮك ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ) ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪا‬ ‫ﯾﺰرع‬
Yitrik SaH-ba leave his friend on purpose somewhere yizra’a

‫ زرﻋﺘﮫ ؟‬ ‫ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ ؟‬

Where is your friend ? Where did you leave him?
(78)
‫ﯾﺠﻌﻞ ﯾﻨﺘﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺸﺘﻞ‬
Yij-‘aal yintidhir make wait for a long time yishtil

‫ وﻣﺎ إﺟﺎ‬‫ﺷﺘﻠﻨﻲ ھﻨﺎ ﺳﺎ‬

He made me wait 2 hours here.
(79)
‫ﯾﻀﺎﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻘﺎرش‬
Ydhaa-yiq annoy, challenge yit-qaarash
.‫ﻋﻤﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻘﺎرش وﯾﺎه ﺗﺮى ھﺬا ﻣﺎ إﻟﮫ ﻻ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ وﻻ ﺻﺪﯾﻖ‬
Man, do not annoy him …he retaliates severely. ( he does not have a friend or a
pal)

(80)
‫ﯾﻠﺰم ﺑﻐﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺺ‬‫ﯾـ‬
Yilzam bust yigfiS ( caged him)
. ‫ــــﻔﺼﺘﮫ‬ ‫ال ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
The government busted him in his house.
(82)
‫ﯾﮭﻔﻮ‬ ‫ﺹ‬
Yih-fu make mistakes yichfiS
‫ﻓﺼﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺒل ﺍﺨﻴﺭ‬‫ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺒل ﺍﻭل ﺯ‬
He started well, but at the end he meddle it up.
(83)
‫ﯾﺴﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺲ ال ﻧﺒﺾ‬
Yis-bir probe, see the reaction yjis il nabadh
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎوﺷﺎت اﻻﺧﯿﺮة ﺑﻞ ﺣﺪوود ھﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺟﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ‬
The last skirmishes on the border is but to check the reaction.
(84)
‫ﯾﺤﺸﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺨﺸﺨﺶ‬

77
 78

yiH-shir nafsa put himself in, interfere yitkhash-khash

‫ﯾﺘﺨﺸﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻣﻮر ﻣﺎ اﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬
He interferes into things that they are meaningless.
(85)
‫ﯾﺘﻨﺼﺖ ﻻﺟﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺮف‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺸﻤﺸﻢ‬
.‫ﯾﺮووح ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﻜﺎن ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﯾﺘﺸﻤﺸﻢ ال اﺧﺒﺎر‬
He goes everywhere to get information.

(86)
‫ﯾﺘﮭﺪم‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻔﻠﺶ‬
Yit-had-dam collapse, crumbled down yitfal-lash
. ‫ﻀﺭﺒﺕ ﺍل ﻋﺎﺼﻔﺔ ﺍل ﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﻅﻊ ﺍل ﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﺘﻔﻠﺵ‬
The storm hit the house and it collapsed ( crumbled down).

(87)
‫ﯾﺒﻜﻲ وﯾﺼﺮخ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻄﻢ‬
Yibkii wa yaS-rukh cry and beat their faces yil-Tim
‫ ﯾﻠﻄﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ رووﺣﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺳﻤﻊ ال ﺧﺒﺮ‬
When he heard the news, he started beating himself.

(88)
( ‫ﯾﺴﺪد )اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ (‫) اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ 
Ysad-did il de:n pay off the debts ypaw-wik il de:n
‫ دﯾﻮﻧﮫ‬ ، ‫ورا َم ﺻﺎر ﻋﻨﺪه ﻓﻠﻮوس‬
After he got the money, he started paying off his debts
(89)
‫ﯾﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺒﻮﺷﮭﻢ‬
yit-ghl-lab ‘ale:-hum he defeat them (out win) ybaw-wish hum
. ‫ﺑﻞ اﺧﯿﺮ راح ﯾﺒﻮﺷﮭﻢ ﻛﻠﮭﻢ‬
At the end he will defeat them all (out will). He will take the lead.
(90)
‫ﯾﺘﺠﻮل ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﺘﺮ‬
Ya-ta-jaw-wal walk around yiftar
. ‫ ﺍﻱ ﺸﻲ ﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ ﻨﺩﻭﺭ ﻋل ﻤﻼﺒﺱ ﺇﻟﻪ ﻭﻤﺎ‬‫ ﻜل ﺍل‬
We walked around to see clothes for him, but we did not find anything to fit him.

Nouns:
In Iraqi dialect, there are hundreds of nouns which are not Arabic. These nouns sometimes are
the only words that people use to refer to the things in their houses. Some other words are authentic
Iraqi ones not used by Arabs in other Arab countries. Here are a number of Iraqi words as nouns:

MSA ID

‫ﻣــﻨـﻀـــﺪة‬ 
/min ada/ table /me:z/

.‫ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ھﻨﺎك ﻟﻞ ﻏﺪا‬ ‫وﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺠﻮن ل ﻣﻌﺰوﻣﯿﻦ راح‬.‫ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ل ﺻﺤﻮﻧﮫ ﻋﻞ ﻣﯿﻮزة ورﺗﺒﮭﺎ‬

78
 ‫‪79‬‬

‫ﺳـﺮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﯾـﻮﻟـﺔ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪/sari:r/‬‬ ‫‪bed frame‬‬ ‫‪/q arjo:la‬‬

‫ﺷﺘﺮﯾﻨﺄ ﻗﺮﯾﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﺑﺲ ﻣﻮو ﻣﺮﯾﺤﺔ ﻻﻧﻮ ل ﺳﺒﺮﯾﻨﻜﺎت ﺑﯿﮭﺎ راﺧﯿﮫ ﻓﻠﻤﻦ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺗﻐﻄﺰ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬

‫أﺣـﺬﯾــﺔ‬ ‫ﻗـﻨـﺎدر‬
‫‪/?aH ija/‬‬ ‫‪shoes‬‬ ‫‪/qana:dir/‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﻮا وﺻﻤﻎ وﺗﻨﻤﺤﻲ ﺑﺴﻊ‬

‫ل ﻋﺮاق ﺟﺎن ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻗﻨﺎدر ﻣﻨﻞ ﺟﻠﺪ ال أﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎر ھﺴﮫ ﯾﺴﺘﻮرد ﻗﻨﺎدر ﻣﻨﻞ ﺻﯿﻦ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ّ‬
‫ﺷـﺮاﺷـﻒ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪/sh ara:sh if/‬‬ ‫‪sheets‬‬ ‫‪/tS ara:tS if/‬‬

‫أﻣﻲ ﺷﺘﺮت ﻗﻤﺎش ﻣﻨﮭﻞ زﯾﻦ وﺳﻮت ﺟﺮاﺟﻒ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ل ‪ ‬واﻧﻄﺘﻨﻲ اﯾﺎھﺎ ھﺪﯾﺔ ﻟﻞ زواج‪.‬‬

‫ﻣـﻔــﻚ‬
‫ِ َّ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪/mi fak/‬‬ ‫‪screwdriver‬‬ ‫‪/darnafi:s/‬‬

‫‪‬اﻟﻤﺎطﻮر ﺑﻤﺒﺮدﺗﻨﺎ وﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺎطﻮر ﺟﺪﯾﺪ وھﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي درﻧﻔﯿﺲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻓﻚ ل ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ‪ .‬ﻻزم اروح اﺷﺘﺮي ﻓﺪ‬
‫درﻧﻔﯿﺲ ﻛﺒﯿﺮ وﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﻨﻢ أﻏﻨﺎم‬ ‫طﻠﯿﺎن \ طﻠﻲ‬

‫‪Ghanam/ ?aghnaam‬‬ ‫‪Tilee / Tilyaan‬‬

‫‪Sheep‬‬ ‫)‪one sheep/ sheep (plural‬‬

‫ﻣﻮاﺷﻲ‬ ‫ل ﺣﻼل‬
‫‪mawaashi‬‬ ‫‪cattle / properties‬‬ ‫‪Haalal‬‬
‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﺑﺪو ﺣﻼﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﻞ طﻠﯿﺎن ﻣﻮرد رزﻗﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ھﺬا ﻣﺎﻟﻨﺎ وﺣﻼﻟﻨﺎ وﻣﺎ راح ﻧﺨﻠﻠﯿﻜﻢ ﺗﻤﺴﻮه‬

‫‪\‬‬
‫‪Mshamma’a khae:ma‬‬ ‫‪canvas / tent‬‬ ‫‪chadir‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪي ﺳﯿﺎرة ‪‬ﺑس ﻣﺎ ﻋﻧده ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﻣن ﻣطرت ل دﻧﯾﺎ رﺣﻧﺎ ﺟوا ل ‪‬وﺑﻘﯾﻧﺎ ﺣواﻟﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﺗﯾن ﺟواھﺎ‬
‫ل أﻣم ل ﻣﺗﺣدة ﻧﺻﺑت ﻟل ﻣﮭﺎﺟرﯾن ‪ ‬وﺧﻠﻠﺗﮭم ﺟوا ھل ‪ ‬وﺟﺎﺑﺗﻠﮭم ل ﻣﺎي ول اﻛل ول ادوﯾﺔ ﻋن‬
‫طرﯾق ﻣﻧظﻣﺎت إﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻏﯾر ﺣﻛوﻣﯾﺔ ﺟﺗﻲ ﻟل ﻣﻧطﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪم اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﺧﻤﺺ‬
‫‪Qadamil bunduqiya‬‬ ‫‪butt stock‬‬ ‫‪?ukhmiS‬‬

‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﺷﻔﺘﮫ ﺟﺎي ﻋﻠﻲ وﯾﺮﯾﺪ ﯾﻀﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﻞ ﺣﺮﺑﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻣن ﺻﻔﺣﺔ وﺿﺮﺑﺘﮫ ﺑﻞ إﺧﻤﺺ ﻣﺎل ﺑﻨﺪﻗﯿﺘﻲ وﺧﻠﻠﯿﺘﮫ‪‬ـــطل ﻋﻞ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﺷﻠت ﺳﻼﺣﮫ ﻣﻧﮫ وﺧﻠﻠﯾﺗﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺣﺔ‪‬ﺑس ‪‬ﺧﻔت ﻋﻠﯾﮫ ﻻ ﯾﺻﯾرﻟﮫ ﺷﻲ رﺣت ﻋﻠﯾﮫ واﺳﻌﻔت وﻟﻣن ﻣﺎ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪‬‬
‫اﺧذﺗﮫ ﻟﻠﺿﺎﺑط وﺷرﺣﺗﻠﮫ ل ﻣوﺿوع اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر ﻋﻠﻣود ﯾﻧﺟﺎز وﯾﺎه ھﻮوه‬

‫‪ ‬إطﺎر‬
‫‪?iTaar‬‬ ‫‪frame‬‬ ‫)‪Charchuupa (charchuba‬‬
‫ﻏﯾرو إل ﺟرﺟوﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ھو ﻧﻔس إل ﻛﻼم ﺑس ّ‬
‫ھﺎي ﻟﺼﻮرة ﯾﻨﺮادﻟﮭﺎ ‪ ‬ﺣﻠﻮة‬
‫‪Haayil Suura yinraadilha charchuufa Hilwa‬‬

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This picture needs a nice frame.

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻀﻼت‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎو‬

Tamreen ‘adhalaat push ups shnaw
‫ﻣﻨﻞ ﺻﺒﺢ ﯾﺴﻮوﻧﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻨﺎو ورا ل ﻋﺮض ل ﺻﺒﺎﺣﻲ‬
Mnil SibiH ysawwuuna tamreen shnaau waral ‘airdhil SabaaHi
In the early morning we do push ups after the morning formation.

‫ﻗﯾود‬
Qiyuud handcuffs kalapcha
.‫ ﺑﯾده وودووه‬‫ل ﺷرطﺔ ﻟزﻣﺗﮫ وﺧﻠﻠو ل‬
‫ﺑﯾدة و‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻠو ال‬
lshorTa lizmita wkhallul kalapcha beeda w waduu
khallo: il kalapcha biida w chatifo:

the police caught him, handcuffed him, and took him.

They put handcuffs around his wrists and tied him.
  ‫اﻛو ﻗﯾوود ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣرﻛﺔ ال‬

‫ﻗﻴﺩﻭﻩ ﻭﺍﺨﺫﻭﻩ‬
‫ ﻭﺸﺩﻭﻭ ﻋﻴﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﺨﺫﻭﻩ‬
Akuu qiyuud ‘ala Harakatil sayr.
Qay-yado: wikh-tho:
Chat-tafo: w-ikh-tho:

There are restrictions on the traffic.

The handcuffed (tied) and took him.
They tied his hands, blindfolded him, and took him.

‫ﺷــوك \ ﺷوﻛﺎت‬
َِ ‫ـطﻼت‬
Shiwak forks chaTa-laat
‫ﻁﻼﺕ و‬‫ﻟﻤﻄﺒﺦ ﺑﯿﮫ ﻛﻠﺸﻲ ﺻﺤﻮﻧﺔ وﻣﻮاﻋﯿﻦ ﻓﺮﻓﻮري ودﺳﻮوﺗﮫ وطﺨﻮﻣﺔ وﺳﻜﺎﻛﯿﻦ و‬
lmaTbakh bii kulshii SHuuna w mawaa’aeen widsuuta wiTkhuumat sakakeen w shikaakhaat.
The kitchen has everything plates, porcelain plates, pots, and sets of knives, forks, and spoons.

‫ﻗدح‬ ‫ص‬
qadaH a glass glass
‫ص ﻣﺎي‬ ‫ ﺑﻼ زﺣﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﯿﺒﻠﻲ ﻓﺪ‬. ‫ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‬
‘aiTshaan. Bala zaHma ma tjeebli fad glaS maay
Thirsty. Can you please, bring me a glass of water?

‫ﺷﺎورﻣﺔ‬ ‫ص‬
Shawirma lamb meat grilled around fire gaS
.‫ـص اﺑوھم ﻛﻠش طﯾب‬ ‫ل ﻣطﺎﻋم ﻣﺗروﺳﺔ ﻣﺎﻛوﻻت ﺑس ل‬
L maTaa’aim matruusa ma?kuulaat bas l gaS ?abuuhum kulish Tayib
Restaurants are full of dishes but the best is GaS ( grilled lamb meat around fire). It is delicious.

‫ﺷﯿﺶ ﻟﺤﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺔ‬

Sheesh laHim charcoal barbecued lamb meat tikka

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 ‫ﻓﺷﺎﻓﯾش‬
Mi’alaag mishwii lamb Lungs barbecuedon charcoal fashafeesh

‫ﻛﺒﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺎب‬
Kabbab minced meat on skews kabbab

.‫ل ﻧﻮاﺷﻒ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﺔ وﻓﺸﺎﻓﯿﺶ وﻛﺒﺎب وﯾﺎ ل ﺧﻀﺮاوات‬

Lnawaashif tishmil tikka wfashaafeesh wkabaab wiyyaa l khadhraawaat.
The non-rice dishes are barbecued tikka, lungs, and minced meat on skews with vegetables.

‫ﻟﺒﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﯿﻨﺔ \ ﻟﺒﻦ ارﺑﯿﻞ‬

Labban yogurt with cold water labban Arbil / shineena

‫ﻛﺒﺎب وﯾﺎ ﺳﻤﺎق وﯾﺎ ﺑﺼﻞ وﺧﺒﺰ وﯾﺎ ﻟﺒﻦ ارﺑﯿﻞ اﻛﻠﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣﺔ‬
Kabaab wiya simaaq wiya basal wiya khubz wiya laban Arbeel akla muHtaramma
Kabbab with simag, onion, bread and Arbil yogurt is a delicious dish.

‫ﺳﻣك ﻣﺷوي‬
Samak mishwii fish grilled around fire mazguuf
‫ﻋل ﻧﮭر ب ﺷﺎرع اﺑو ﻧواس‬‫ھو ل‬‫أﺣﺳن‬
?aHsan simach huwa l mazguuf ‘al nahr b shaari’a ?abuu Nuas
The best fish is the mazguuf at the river of Tigris in Abu nuwaas street.

‫ﻣﻄﺎط‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﯿﻚ‬
maTTaaT rubber lasteek
‫إل ﻻﺳﺘﯿﻚ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ إل ﺑﺘﺮول إل ﺧﺎم‬
?il laasteek maada mushtaqa min ?al petrol ?il khaam
The elastic material is a crude oil bi- product.

‫إﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ \ ﺣﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫دﺑﺔ \ دﺑﯿﺔ‬

?iSTiwaana / haawiya canister, container dabbiya/ Dabba

.‫ ﻏﺎز وﺗﺨﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺘﺴﻮي ل ﻧﺎس ﺗﺸﺘﺮﯾﻠﮭﺎ دﺑﺔ‬

Shitsauwii l naas tishtireelha dabba dabte:n ghaaz witkhaleeha bil be:t
People have to buy a canister or two of liquid gas and keep them in their houses.

‫إﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺑﻮري‬
?inbuub pipe buurii
‫ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻧﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻞ زﻧﺠﺎر ول رﺻﺎص ول اﻣﻼح‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺮاد ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻠﮭﺎ ب ﺑﻮاري‬ ‫ﺑﻮاري ل ﻣﺎي‬
‫اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻮاھﺎ‬
Bawaariil maay ‘aateeka yinraad tabdeelha bbwaarii plasteekiya jideeda ‘almuud nitkhalaS mnil zinjaar.
The water pipes are old and we need to replace them with new plastic pipes to get rid of rust, lead, and
salts which accumulate in them.

‫ﻗﻨﻮات ﺻﺮف ﻣﯿﺎه ال ﻗﺎذورات‬ ‫ﺑﻮاري ل ﻣﺠﺎري‬

Qanawaat Sarf miyaahil qaathuuraat sewage network bawaarii l majaarii

‫ﯾﺼﻠﺤﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﺗﻜﻠﻒ‬ ‫ ﺗﻨﺴﺪ وﺗﻨﻜﺴﺮ وﻣﺎﯾﮭﺎ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻂ وﯾﺎ ﻣﺎي ﻟﺸﺮب وﻣﺤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاري ل ﻣﺠﺎري ﺻﺎرت‬
.‫ﯾﻜـﻠـﻒ ل دوﻟﺔ ھﻮاﯾﺎ‬
ّ ‫ھﻮاﯾﺎ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺎﻛﻮ وﻏﺎﻟﯿﺔ راح ﺗﺼﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎ‬

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Bawaarii l majaarii Sarat ‘ateega tinsad w tinkisir wmayhaa yikhtilit wiya maayil shirib w maHad
yigdar ySaliH-ha ‘almuud tkallif hwaaya wba’ade:n maaku mawaad w ghaaliya raaH taSleeh-ha ykallif
il dawla hwaaya
Sewage network pipes are becoming old. They block off and break and its water mixes with the
drinking water and no one can repair them because they cost a lot. In addition, the materials are not
available and are expensive. Repairing them will cost the government a lot.

‫ﺑﺮد \ زﻛﺎم \ رﺷﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻠﺔ‬

rashaH/ zukaam/ bard cold nashla

‫ ﺑﺎردة ف إﻧﺼﺎﺑﯿﺖ ب ﻧﺸﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ل ﺟﻮ ﺑﻞ ﺑﻨﺎﯾﺔ ﺣﺎر وﻟﻤﻦ طﻠﻌﺖ‬

Chaanil jaw bil binaaya Haar w limman Tila’ait barra chaanit baarda f ?inSaabe:t b nashla
The weather was hot inside and cold outside. when I went out I caught a cold.


Su’aal cough gaH Ha
.‫أﺧذت ﺑرد وزاد إل إﻟﺗﮭﺎب وﺗﺣول اﻟﻰ ذات ل رﺋﺔ‬
?akhathit bard wzaadil ?iltihaab w tHawal ?ila thaatil ri?a
I caught a cold and then it progressed into pneumonia.

‫ﻣﻼﺑﺲ‬ ‫ھﺪووم‬
Malaabis clothes hduum
‫ﺗﻮﺳﺨﺖ ھﺪووﻣﻲ وراح اﺧﺬھﻢ ﻟﻠﻐﺴﻞ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮى‬
Twasakhat hduumi wraaH ?akhuthhum lilghasil wba’ade:m lil makwa
My clothes got dirty. I will take them to a washing machine and then laundry.

‫ﻣﺮوﺣﺔ‬ 
mirwaHa fan panka
‫ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ﺣﺎرة ﺟﻮا ھﺎي ل أودة‬ ‫ﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺮاد ﺗﺨﻠﻠﻲ‬
Yinraad tkhalii panka ‘aal sagif ‘almuud ktheer Haara haayil ?oda
You need to put a fan on the ceiling because inside this room is too hot.

‫ﺣﺰام‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﯿﯿﺶ \ ﻗﺎﯾﺶ‬

Hzaam belt qaayiish
‫ ل ﻣﺎطﻮر وﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬‫إﻧﻘﻄﻊ ل ﻗﺎﯾﯿﺶ و‬
?inqiTa’ail qaayeesh w wigaf il maTor wba’aig maa yishtighil.
The belt broke and the motor is no longer running.

‫ﺷﻔﺮات ل ﻣﺮوﺣﺔ‬ 

Shafraatil mirwaha propellers/ blades parwaanaat

ً‫ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﻄﯿﺮل وﺣﺪھﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ إطﻼﻗﺎت ل ھﺎون ﻣﺜﻼ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺻﻮارﯾﺦ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
Qisim mnil Sawaareekh ‘aidha parwaanaat tidfa’aha tTeer lwaHidhamithil ?iTlaaqaatil haawan
mathalan
Some rockets have propellers to push them automatically such as a mortar rocket.

‫ﺣﺎوﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺪﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻜﺔ‬

Haawiya min qaSdeer a box made of tin tanak
.‫ ﯾﻨﺒﺎع ﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻜﺎت ﺑﺲ ھﺴﮫ ﺻﺎر ﺑﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﯿﻞ‬‫ل‬
Chaan gabil l gaaz yinbaa’a bil tanakaat bas hassa Saar bil baraameel.
In the old days propane was sold in tin containers but now is sold in barrels.

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‫رطﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺔ‬
riTil pound (weight) Huqqa
 ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ھﻲ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻞ ﻋﺮاق ل أﺷﯿﺎء ﺗﻨﺒﺎع ﺑﻞ‬
Bil ‘araaq ?il ?ashyaa tinbaa’a bil Hugga ?illii hiya ?akthar min ke:lowe:n.
In Iraq things are sold in pounds (hugga) which is more than 2 kilos.

‫ﻏﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﺑﯿﺎ‬
Ghish cheating in school qopya
‫ راح ﯾﺴﻠﺨﻮن ﺟﻠﺪك وﯾﻄﻠﻌﻮك ﻣﻨﻞ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔ ﻟﻮ ﺷﺎﻓﻮوك‬. ‫إل ﻗﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﻣﻤﻨﻮع ﺑﻞ إﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬
Cheating is forbidden while you are taking your test. They will punish you and kick you out of school if
they catch you .

‫أﻻﻋﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺗﯿﺎت‬
?alaa’aeeb play games jaljaluutiyaat
.‫ آدﻣﻲ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺗﯿﺎﺗﻚ وﺗﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
Ma togaf min hal jaljaluutiyaatak wtseer khosh ?aadmi wiyaana
Why don’t you stop playing games with us and be good to us.

‫ﺧﺪع‬ ‫ﻛﻼوات‬
Khida’a Tricksters klaawaat
.‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ھﻞ ﻛﻼوات‬
Maa ti’abir ‘ale:nah al klawaat.
You cannot play these games with us.

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻏﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎرش وارش‬

Mushaaghabaat troubles qaarish waarish
.‫راح ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﺄﻣﺎن ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻮي اي ﻗﺎرش وارش‬
raaH tkuun b?amaan lo ma tsawwii qaarish waarish.
You will be safe if you do not make troubles.

‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ \ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺮه‬

Tareeqa / Tabee’at shakhS his/her own way shamra
.‫ھﻮ ھﺎي ﺷﻤﺮﺗﮫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﻨﺴﻮي ﻟﮫ‬
Huwa haay shamirta ya’ani shin saweela.
This is him. You cannot do anything about it.


‘aamuud pillar dinga
.‫ ﻟﻞ ﺟﺴﻮر ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻟﻠﻨﺴﻒ وﻟﮭﺬا ﯾﻨﺮاد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ‬
Dinag il jisuur mu’aradha lil nasif walihaatha yinraad muraaqabitha mnil takhreeb
The bridges’ pillars are vulnerable to be demolished. So, they need to be watched not to be demolished.

‫ﻗﻨﺒﻠﺔ ﯾﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫رﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬

Qumbula yadawiya hand grenade rummaana
‫إل رﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﺎرت ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ھﺠﻮم او ﻣﺪاھﻤﺔ ﻟﻞ ﺑﯿﻮت وإل ﻣﻘﺮات‬
?il rummanat Sarat dhiruuriya lilqiyaam b?ay hijuum ?au mudaahama lilbiyuut wa ?il maqarraat
Grenades became necessary to use in an attack operation on a house or on headquarter raids.

‫ﻋﺒﻮة ﻧﺎﺳﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺳﻔﺔ‬

‘abwa naasifa explosive device naasifa
‫ل ﻧﺎﺳﻔﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﻜﻮن إطﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺪﻓﻊ او ﺻﺎروخ ﻣﻨﺮﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻼك داﺋﺮة ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﯾﺎت ﯾﻔﺠﺮووھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﯿﺪ‬
.‫ب ﺗﻠﻔﻮن ﻣﺘﻨﻘﻞ او رادﯾﻮ وﯾﻀﻤﻮھﺎ ﺟﻮا ل ﺗﺮاب ﻋﻞ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ل طﺮﯾﻖ‬

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Lnaasifa yumkin ?an tkuun ?iTlaaqatmadfa’a ?au Saaruukh minribTa bi?aslaak da?ira kahrubaa?iya bil
baatriyaat yfajiruuha min b’aeed btilafuun mutanaqil ?au radio wikhalluha ‘ala Haaafatil Tareeq.

An IED can be any round of artillery or rocket connected with wires to a circuit to detonate from far by
a cellular phone or a radio and they bury them on the roadside.

‫ﺻﺎروخ ذاﺗﻲ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ ‫آر ﺑﻲ ﺟﻲ‬

Qaathifa thaatiyatil Haraka rocket propeller grenade R.P.G

‫ وﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺼﯿﺐ ل ھﺪف‬ ‫ل آر ﺑﻲ ﺟﻲ ﺳﻼح ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﯾﻨﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻞ‬

l ?aar pee jee silah khafeef yinHimil “aal chatif w fa’aal limman ykuun ‘ala mdda qareeb mnil hadaf
R.P.G. is a light weapon you can carry it on shoulder and is effective when it hits the target.

‫ﻣﺪرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
Mudarra’a armored carrier vehicles musaffaHa
ّ ) ‫ل ﻣﺼﻔﺤﺎت ھﻲ ﻧﺎﻗﻼت ﺟﻨﻮد ﻣﺪرﻋﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺪوﻟﺒﺔ وﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﻨﺰرة‬
(‫ﻣﺴﺮﻓﺔ‬
L msafaHaat hiya naaqilaat jinuud mudarra’a watkuun mudawlabba w ghe:r mujanzara (musarrafa).
Armored vehicles are personnel carriers with wheels and not tracks.

‫ﺳﺘﺮة واﻗﯿﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﺎص‬ ‫درع‬

Sitra waaqiya dhidil riSaaS anti bullet jacket / armor diri’a
‫درع واﻗﻲ او ﺳﺘﺮة واﻗﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ رﺻﺎص ﻣﻨﻞ ﻟﻮازم ل ﻣﮭﻤﺔ ﻟﻞ ﺟﻨﺪي ﯾﻠﺒﺴﮭﺎ‬
Diri/a waaqi ?au sitra waaqiya lil riSaS mnil lawaazimil muhimma lil jundii yilbasha.
Body armor or anti bullet vest is a necessity that soldier should wear.

‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺣﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻈﯿﺔ \ ﺻــ‬

qiT’at Hadeed shrapnel/ fragment Sachma/

‫ﻟﻤﻦ إﻧﻘﺼﻒ ﺑﯿﺘﻨﺎ زرﻓﺖ ل ﻣﺪﻓﻌﯿﺔ ﺣﯿﻄﺎن طﺎﺑﻖ ل ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ول ﺷﻈﺎﯾﺎ ﻛﺴﺮت إل ﺑﯿﺒﺎن وﺷﻠﻌﺖ ل ﺷﺒﺎﺑﯿﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ طﯿﺮه ب ﻛﻞ ﺑﻜﺎن ﺑﻞ طﺎﺑﻖ‬‫ﻣﻼﺑﻨﮭﺎ وﺗﻄﺎﯾﺮ ل ﺟﺎم ﺑﻞ ھﻮا اﻣﺎ ل ﻣﻮزاﯾﯿﻚ ف ﺗﻔﻠﺶ ول ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر ﺑﻞ‬
.ϦϴϤϟΎγΎ
ϨόϠρϭΎϨϴΑ
έϮόΗΪΤϣϭΏ΍Ωήγ ϞΑΎ
Ϩϛ
ͿΪϤΤϟ΍ β Α.‫ال اول‬
Limman ?inqaSaf be:tna zirfatil madfa’aiya HeeTan Taabiqil thaani wil shadhaaya kassaratil beebaan w
shil’at il shabaabeek min mallabinha wtTaayaril jam bil hawa ?amma l mozaayeek fa tfalash wil dhagiT
?illee Saar bil be:t Tayyara bkul bukaan bil Taabiqil ?awwal. bas ?al Hamdulla chinna bil sirdaab w
maHad t’awwar beena w Tili’ana saalmeen.

When our house was bombed, the artillery rounds penetrated the 2nd floor walls, the shrapnel smashed
the doors, dislocated windows from their frames, and let the broken glass flew in the air. The tiles fell
down, and the high pressure in the house blew their pieces everywhere in the first floor. Thanks God we
were in the cellar (basement) and no one was hurt. So, we left the house safe.

‫ﺧﺸﺒﺔ ﺗﺠﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺒﯿﺮة \ ﺟﺒﺎﯾﺮ‬

Khasabat tajbeer il kasir plint jabaayir/ jabeera

‫ﻟﻤﻦ اﻛﻮ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻛﺴﺮ ب رﺟﻠﮫ ﯾﻨﺮاد ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ل ﺟﺮح ﻋﻠﻤﻮد اذا اﻛﻮ ﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﺪﺑﺐ طﺎﻟﻊ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺟﻠﺪ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
.‫ص رﺟﻠﮫ‬ ‫ ﺷﻨﻮ ل ﻓﺎﯾﺪة إذا‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻠﻮث وﯾﻨﺼﺎب ﺑﻜﺮﻛﺮﯾﻦ‬

Limman ?aku ‘ainda kasir brijla yinraad trakkiz ‘al nadhaafatil jariH ‘almuud ?itha ?aku ‘adhim
mudabab Taali’a mnil jilid yumkin yitlawwath wyinSaab b Gargareen ba’ade:n shinu l faayida ?tha
tingaS rijla.
When there is a fracture in the leg, you need to pay attention to keep the wound clean because if there is
a bone poking out of the skin, it may get contaminated and be infected with Gargarin. What is the
benefit if later his leg is amputated.

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‫رﻛﺎب‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺮات‬
Rukkaab passenger nafaraat
‫ﺳﯿﺎرات ل ﻛﺮوة ﯾﺸﯿﻠﻮن ﻧﻔﺮات ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎب ل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ ﻟﻲ ﺑﻐﺪاد ل ﺟﺪﯾﺪة وﻛﻞ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ واﺣﺪ ﺻﺎﻋﺪ و واﺣﺪ ﻧﺎزل ﺑﺲ‬
.‫رﺧﯿﺼﺔ وﺗﺨﺪم ل ﻣﻮاطﻨﯿﻦ‬
Sayaaraatil karwa ysheelon nafaraat min baabil sharji lii baghdadil jideeeda wkul shwayya waaHid
Saa”aid waaHid naazil bas rakheeSa w tikhdim il mauaaTineen.

Taxis take passengers from babil sharji (center of Baghdad) to Baghdad il jadeeda and every now and
then one goes down and one comes in; nevertheless, it is cheap and serves citizens.

‫ إﻧﻔﺟﺎر اﻻطﺎر‬
?infijaar il ?iTaar puncture panchar

‫ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺑﻜﺎن ﯾﺼﻠﺤﻮون ل ﺗﺎﯾﺮات ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ورﺧﯿﺺ‬ ‫ ﺑﺲ أﻛﻮ‬ ‫ل ﺳﯿﺎرات‬

L sayyaraat titpanchar as /aku pancharchiya bkul bukaan ySalHuun l taayiraat bshakil saree’a w
rakheeS.
Cars experience deflated tires, but there are tire repair shops everywhere. They fix tires very
inexpensively and fast

‫ﺗﻔﻜﯿﺮ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ‬ ‫داﻟﻐﺔ \ﺻﻔﻨﺔ‬

Tafkeer ‘ameeq sigh Safna/ daalgha
‫ ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ل دﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻮى‬. ‫ﺷﺒﯿﻚ ﺿﺎرب داﻟﻐﺔ‬
.‫ ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ﻻ دﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل إﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ‬.‫ﺷﺒﯿﻚ ﺻﺎﻓﻦ‬
Shbeek dhaarib daalgha. Yam’awad g dinya ma tiswa
Shbeek Saafin. Yam’awad la deer baal. ?ilha mudabbir.

Why are you sighing. Take it easy.

‫اﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺤﯿﻢ‬ ‫طﺰ‬

?ilal jaHeem go to hell Tiz

‫ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻧﻮن وﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻮن وﯾﺎﻧﺎ طﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ‬

If They cooperate, that is fine. If not , let them go to hell.

‫ﻋﺠﺰ‬
ّ \ ‫ﻋﺠﻮز‬ ‫ﺧﺘﯿﺎر \ ﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ‬

‘aajuuz / ‘auj-jaz old man khityariya \ khityaar

. ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﻮﻟﻜﻢ ﺷﻮﯾﺖ إﺣﺘﺮام ﻟﻞ ﻧﺎس إل ﻛﺒﺎر ﺑﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ وﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ‬. ‫رﺟﻞ ﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻻزم ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺰﻟﮫ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺳﯿﺎرة ﺑﮭﻞ طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺮه‬ ‫ﻗﺰرﻗﻮرت‬
khara shit / shut up/ do not talk shit qizirqurt
‫ﺗﺎﻛﻞ ﻗﺰرﻗﻮرت‬
Do not talk shit. ‫ﻗﺰر ﻗﻮرت‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫طﺮك‬

Faqat fi only in /with Tirig
.‫ طﻠﻊ ﺑﻄﺮك ﻟﺒﺎﺳﮫ وﻣﺎ اﺧﺬ ﺷﻲ وﯾﺎه‬، ‫طﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ‬
ِ ِ ‫ﻟﻤﻦ‬
ِّ


Killabil ?amaan safety pin firkeita

 ‫ﺛﺒﺘﮫ ﺑﻞ‬

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‫‪‬‬
‫‪Kllab il malabis‬‬ ‫‪clothes pin shik-kaakha‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺘﻨﺴﻰ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻴﻨﻨﺎ ) ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﺇﻟﻨﺎ( ﺍل ﺸﻜﺎﺨﺎﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻨﻨﺸﺭ ﺍل ﻤﻼﺒﺱ ﻋل ﺤﺒل‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬ط‪ ‬إﺿطراﺑﺎت‬
‫‪?idhTiraabaat troubles‬‬ ‫‪Tarbaga‬‬
‫ﻻ‪‬وﺗﺳوﯾﻧﺎ طرﺑﻛﮫ ھﻧﺎ‬

‫زﻣزﻣﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣطﺎره‬
‫‪Zamzamiya‬‬ ‫‪water bottle‬‬ ‫‪MaTaara‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﻰ ل ﻣﻄﺎره إﺗﺮﺳﮭﺎ ﻣﺎي‬
‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺼﺔ‬
‫‪Dhawdhaa? Noise‬‬ ‫‪KhabSa‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ ﻛﻞ ھﻞ ﺧﺒﺼﮫ اﻟﻠﻲ اﻧﺖ دا دﺳﻮﯾﮭﺎ ‪ .‬دي ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﺨﺒﺼﻨﺎ‬
‫أﻧﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻢ‬
‫‪?anif‬‬ ‫‪nose‬‬ ‫‪Khashim‬‬
‫دا‪‬واﺻﻠﮫ ﻟﻲ ھﻨﺎ ‪ ...‬ﻟﻲ ﺧﺸﻤﻲ‬
‫طﺎﻟﻊ ﺟﯿﺪ‬ ‫دوو ﺷﺶ‬
‫‪Talli’a jayid to have good luck‬‬ ‫‪duu shaha‬‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺠﯿﺐ دوو ﺷﺶ‬
‫إذھﺐ‬ ‫طﯿﺮ‬
‫‪?ithhab‬‬ ‫‪go‬‬ ‫‪Teer‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻄﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﻒ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﯾﻮاش‬
‫‪‘ala mahlak slowly‬‬ ‫‪yawaash‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻚ ﯾﻮاش ﯾﻮاش‬
‫وﺟﮫ‬ ‫وج‬
‫‪Wajih‬‬ ‫‪face‬‬ ‫‪wich‬‬
‫إﻛﺗب ﻋل‪‬‬
‫ھذا‪‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺗﻧطﻲ‪‬‬
‫طﺎﻟﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣرق ﻟﺣم وطﻣﺎطﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎورﻣﺔ‬
‫‪Mirag laHim u Tamaata‬‬ ‫‪meat stew qaawirma‬‬
‫‪ ‬دا ﺗﺎﻛل ﻗﺎورﻣﺔ ھﻲ ﺗﺷرﯾب ﺧﺑز )ﺛرﯾد(‬
‫اﻋﻣﺎل ﺷرﯾرة‬ ‫ﻣﻧﺟﺳﺔ \ ﻣﻧﺎﺟس‬
‫‪?a’amaal shireera bad deeds manjasa / manaajis‬‬
‫ھﺎي ﻣﻧﺟﺳﺔ ﻣن ﻣﻧﺎﺟس إل ﺣﻛم إل دﯾﻛﺗﺎﺗوري إل ﺳﺎﺑق ﺑل ﻋراق‬

‫ﺣرارة‬ ‫ﺻﺧوﻧﺔ‬
‫‪Harara‬‬ ‫‪fever‬‬ ‫‪Sikhuuna‬‬
‫ﻋﻧدي ﺻﺧوﻧﺔ ھﺎي ﺻﺎرﻟﻲ ﯾوﻣﯾن‬
‫رﺷﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﺷﻠﺔ‬
‫‪rashaH‬‬ ‫‪cold‬‬ ‫‪nashla‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﺎل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Su’aal‬‬ ‫‪cough‬‬ ‫‪gaH-Ha‬‬
‫إﻧﺻﺎﺑﯾت ﺑﻧﺷﻠﺔ و‪ ‬وﺻﺎرت ﻣﮫ ﺗﻔك ﯾﺎﺧﺔ ﻣﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺧدش ﺟﻠد‬ ‫ﺣﺟﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪Khadish jilid‬‬ ‫‪scratch the skin‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻧو ﯾﺿرﺑون إل ﺟﻠد ﺑل ﻣوس ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﻧزل إل دم وﯾرﺗﺎح إل ﺷﺧص ‪.‬ھﺎي ﺟﺎﻧو ﯾﺳﻣوھﺎ "ﺣﺟﺎﻣﺔ"‬

‫ﻋﻼج ﺗﯾﻔوﺋﯾد‬ ‫ﻋطﺎﺑﺔ‬

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‘alaaj lil tiifu typhoid treatment

"‫ ھﺎي ﺟﺎﻧو ﯾﺳﻣوھﺎ " ﻋطﺎﺑﺔ‬. ‫داﻧو ﯾﺣرﻛون إل ﻛطن ﺑل ﻓﻧﺟﺎن وﯾﺧﻠو ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻠد اﻟﻣرﯾض‬

‫وﻗف‬ ‫ﻋرﺻﺔ‬
Waqf Government land for religious charity ‘aaraSa

‫ﺳﻣﺳﺎر دﻻل إل‬ ‫دﻻل‬

‫ﺑﯾوت ودﻻل ب ﻣﻌرض إل ﺳﯾﺎرات‬

Simsaar broker, real estate agent, car dealer broker dal-lal

(‫ﻣﺷﺗل ﻣزرﻋﺔ )اﺣواض‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺗل‬ ‫ﻧﺷﺗري ال ﺷﺗﻼت ﻣﻧل ﻣﺷﺎﺗل‬

‫ﻟﻠﺷﺗﻼت‬
. ‫ﺷﺗﻠﻧﻲ ھﻧﺎ وراح‬
mashtal nursery mashtal

‫اخ ﻏﯾر إل ﺷﻘﯾق‬

?akh gheir il shaqeeq
half brother

Buqcha
Any piece of cloth to wrap things in, a package

Dafra kick while step leg on (‫)رﻓﺳﺔ‬ ‫دﻓرة‬

chailaaq a kick ‫ق‬

raj-dee a spank ‫راﺟدي‬

saTra a heavy spank ‫ﺳطرة‬

Box a fist ‫ﺑــؤﻛس‬

rakla kick with the front of the shoes ‫رﻛﻠﺔ‬

muraa-waHa stay where you are “but move your legs up and down” ‫ﻣراوﺣﺔ‬

balwa soda terrific ( well known for being a -----person) ‫ﺑﻠوة ﺳودة‬
could mean very good or very bad
outrageous, brings problems, very active ‫اﺑو اﻟﺑﻼوي‬

Samuula = washer ‫ﺻﻣوﻟﺔ‬

burghii = screw ‫ﺑرﻏﻲ‬

kal-la = to hit with the head ( ‫) ﯾﺿرب ﻛﻠﻼت‬ ّ

‫ﻛﻠﮫ‬

Qalaafa = huge body ‫ﻗﻼﻓﺔ‬

Salaafa = stiffness, being rude ‫ﺻﻼﻓﺔ‬
Lab-labii = spicy Gorbanzo soup ‫ﻟﺑﻠﺑﻲ‬
Mus-tawa = turnips and reeds soup, level ‫ﻣﺳﺗوى‬
Taarii = mentioning your name ‫طﺎري‬
.‫ال رﺟﺎل ﻣوو ھﻧﮫ ﻻ ﺗﺟﯾﺑوون طﺎرﯾﮫ‬
He is not here . Do not talk about him.
Zgordii= single , living by himself but married 

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‫ راﯾﺣﺔ ال ﻣدام ؟‬ .... ‫ﻋﺎﯾش‬

.‫اﻋزب ﻣﺎ ﻣﺗزوج‬

Min-niya = do favor for someone ‫ﻣﻧﯾﺔ‬

‫ﻟو ﺗﺳوﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﺳوﯾﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻧﻧﯾﺔ‬
If you do it for me, I’ll be thankful to you.

Tal’a = the wrong doing ‫طﻠﻌﺔ‬

. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ھل طﻠﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﺧرب‬
That was a big mistake!

Wagfa = stance 

. (‫ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﮭل ﻣوﻗف )ﺑﺎﯾﺎم ال ﻣﺣﻧﺔ‬‫ﻧﺷﻛرﻛم ﻋﻠﻰ‬
We thank you for your stance with us in this situation during the ordeal.

Zeeg / ‘afTa = to “pooh” somebody ‫ ﻋﻔطﺔ‬، 

They poohed him ‫ﯾﻌﻔطوون ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬ 
They started making funny noises to mock at him.   ‫ﻀﺭﺒﻭﻩ‬

Takh-kha (damage) (hit) ‫طﺧﺔ‬

your car has a dent ‫اﻛو اﺛر طﺧﺔ ﺑل ﺳﯾﺎرة‬
I did not get it ( idiom) ‫ﻣﺎ طﺧت ﯾﻣﻲ‬
Do not touch. ‫ﻻ ﺗطﺦ‬
When you meant( attacked) him in your speech, he retaliated ‫ ﯾرد‬ ،  ‫ﻟﻣن طﺧﯾﺗﮫ ﺑل‬

Functional words:
Functional words have been adapted a lot because they are repeated in sentences with less
stress. Wh-question words, prepositions, demonstratives, conjunctions, relative pronouns are words
that you can not avoid in any sentence. They are usually said lightly and fast in the Iraqi dialect. As a
result, you can hear them in various forms.
Functional words include wh-question words, Connectors, negative particles, prepositions,
demonstratives, adjectives, quantifiers and qualifiers, reflexives, adverbs, vocatives, and possessive
pronouns (objective case):

Wh-question words ‫ادوات ) اﺳﻤﺎء ( اﻻﺳﺘﻔﮭﺎم‬

1. The wh-question word (what) has gone under many changes. The Iraqi dialect uses / / ِ ‫ ﺷــ‬before any
noun to be asked about, as in the following example:

MSA ID

‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺷـــ‬
/ma/ /shi/ what ?

‫اﺳـﻤــﻚ‬
ِ ُ ‫ﻣـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷــﺴــﻤـــــﺞ ؟‬
ِ ِ
/mas smuki/ /shismich/
What is your name?
(Talking to female))

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‫ﻣﺎ اﺳﻤﻚ ؟‬ ‫ﺷﺴﻤﻚ‬

/mas smuka / shismak

What is your name ? ( talking to male)

Present tense
‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﺮب ؟‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﺮب ؟‬+ ‫ﺷـ‬
/maatha tashrab/ what do you drink ? sh-tishrab ?

When this wh-question word(sh_ ) is used before a verb to indicate progressive aspect, it takes another
different shape /shda/ or /shit/ . (Ma:tha) is its equivalent in MSA language.

MSA ID
Continuous tense
‫ﻣـﺎذا‬ ‫ﺷـﺪه‬
/maa tha / / shid da/*

‫ﻣﺎذا ﺗﺸﺮب اﻵن؟‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﺮب‬+ ‫ ده‬+ ‫ﺷـ‬

/maatha tashrab al-aan/ what are you drinking now? /sh-da tishrab (hassa)
* If the verb that follows starts with a voiceless consonant, the form changes into / t/ ‫ﺷــﺖ‬
ِ because
the voiceless consonant has a regressive assimilation to change /d/,a voiced alveolar into /t/, a voiceless
alveolar.

Compare:

‫ــﻮي ؟‬
ّ ‫ ده ﯾـﺴ‬+ ‫ ﺷـ‬.1
Shada-ysauwii
What is he doing?

‫ ﻣﻧﯾن ﻋﻧده ھل ﻓﻠوس وﻛﻠﯾوم ﺑﻠﺑﺎرات وھو ﺑطﺎل وﻣﮫ ده ﯾﺷﺗﻐل‬.‫ﻣﻌرف ھل وﻟد ﺷدة ﯾﺳوي‬

‫ﺷـــﺘـــﺴـﮫ ّوي ؟‬
ِ .2
/shit- (t)sauwii/
What are you doing?

. ‫ﺗﻌﯿـﺶ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﺟﮭﺎﻟﻚ وﻣﺮﺗﻚ‬

ّ ‫ راح ﺗﺸﻮﻓﻠﻚ درب‬.‫ ﺷﺮاح ﺗﺴﻮي‬. ‫اذا ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪك ﺷﻐﻞ وﺑﻄﺎل‬

1. ‫ﺷﺪه ﺗﺴﻮوي؟‬
/Shdatsauwii/
What are you doing?

. ‫ ﷲ رﺑﻚ‬. ‫ﻻ ﺷﻐﻞ وﻻ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.. . ‫ﻣﺎ دﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺴﻮوي ؟ ﺑﻄﺎل ﻋﻄﺎل‬

‫راح ﺗﺴﻮي ال ﯾﻮم ؟‬ ‫ﺷـــ‬
2. Where?
MSA ID
‫أﯾــــﻦ‬ 
/?ajna/ /we:n/ Where?
‫ راﯾﺢ ؟‬
. ‫ل ﺑﻐﺪاد‬

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‫‪3. When‬‬
‫ﻣـــﺘــﻰ‬ ‫ﯾــــﻤــﺘــﻰ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪/ma ta/‬‬ ‫‪/j imta/ or /shwagit/‬‬ ‫?‪when‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ؟‬
‫ال ﺳﺒﺖ ال ﺟﺎي‬
‫‪ ‬راح ﻧﺘﺸﺎوف ؟‬
‫‪4. Who‬‬
‫ﻣــﻦ ھـــﻮ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ھــﻮ ّ‬
‫ﻣــﻨـــﻮ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫) ﻣﻨﮭﻮ (‬
‫‪/man huwa/‬‬ ‫‪/minu hua/‬‬ ‫?)‪who (masculine‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻮ )ﻣﻨﮭﻮ( وﯾﺎك ؟‬

‫إﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣــﻦ ھــﻲ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ھــﻲ‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ﻣـﻨـﻲ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫)ﻣﻨﮭﻲ(‬
‫‪/man hija/‬‬ ‫‪/mini hija/‬‬ ‫?)‪who (feminine‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻲ ) ﻣﻨﮭﻲ( وﯾﺎك؟‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻲ‪ ) .‬إﻣﺮاﺗﻲ( ) إم ل ﺟﮭﺎل(‬
‫‪5. How‬‬
‫ﻛــﯿــﻒ‬ ‫ﺷـﻠـ ‪‬ن‬
‫‪/kajfa/‬‬ ‫?‪/ sh lo:n/ How‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮووح ﺑﻞ ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻟﻮ ﺑﻞ طﯿﺎرة ؟‬
‫ﻻ وﷲ راح آﺧﺬ ل ﻗﻄﺎر‬
‫‪6.Why‬‬
‫ﻟــﻤـﺎذا‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟــﯿــــﺶ‬
‫‪/ lima:tha/‬‬ ‫‪/le:sh /‬‬ ‫?‪why‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﺶ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮووح ﺑﻞ طﯿﺎرة أﺳﺮع؟‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ‬
‫‪/limaatha/‬‬ ‫‪/’alweish/‬‬ ‫?‪what for‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي ﺷﻲ ﺿﺮوري‪.‬‬

‫ﻛـﯿﻒ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻻﻣـﻮر‬ ‫ﺷـﺎﻛـــﻮ ﻣﺎﻛــﻮ‬

‫‪/kajfa tasi:r ?al?imu:r/‬‬ ‫‪/ sh a:ku: ma:ku/‬‬ ‫?‪What is up‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﻛﻮ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ ؟‬
‫وﷲ ﻛﻠﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‪ .‬ل وﺿﻊ ھﻮ‪ ......‬ھﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪7. How (much‬‬
‫‪‬ﺑﻛم‬
‫‪/bikam/‬‬ ‫‪/ be:sh/‬‬
‫‪ ‬ھل ﻛوﻣﺑﯾوﺗر ؟‬
‫)‪8.What is ( the time‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫?‪Kam hiya s saa’aa‬‬ ‫‪?is sa’aa beish‬‬
‫?‪What is the time‬‬
‫إس ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ‬؟‬

‫‪1:10‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪة وﻋﺸﺮة‬

‫‪1:20‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪة وﺛﻠﺚ‬
‫‪1:30‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪة وﻧﺺ‬

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1:40 ‫ ﺛﻠﺚ‬‫ﺛـ‬
1:50 ‫ ﻋﺸﺮة‬‫ﺛـ‬

‫ﺑﻜﻢ ﺗﺒﯿﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ؟‬ ‫ ﺗﺒﯿﻊ ھﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ؟‬ ‫ب‬

Bikam tabee’a haathihi il saa’aa? b-be:sh tbee’a hal saa’aa?
How much do you sell this watch for?

‫ﻛﻢ ھﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ؟‬ ‫ إس ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬

Kam hiya s saa’aa? be;sh ?is saa’aa?
What time is it?

9. What is wrong with ____?

‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻚ ؟‬ ‫ﺷﺒﯿﻚ‬
Maa bika? shbeek?
What is wrong with you?

10. How many

+ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ (‫ﻛﺘﺎب‬... ‫)ﯾﻮم‬ 
+
Kam cham + kitaab … yom

cham saa-‘aa il Tareeq ? ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ال طﺮﯾﻖ ؟‬

How many hours is the road?

11. What do you think? ( as an exclamation) ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻟﻚ‬

Shifit shsawa beena ? Do you see what he has done to us?
La’aid sh’aa-balak? (what have you expected then!)

Isn’t it ‫ﻣﻮو \ ﻣﺎ‬

‫ ؟‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﺗﺴﻮي‬ (‫ﻣﺎ ) ﻣﻮو‬
Don’t you feel shame to do so?
Isn’t shame on you that you do so?

In which ‫ﺑﯿﺎ‬
In which town did this happen? ‫ﺑﯿﺎ دﯾﺮة ھﺎي ﺻﺎرت ؟‬
In which law is this accepted? ‫ﺑﯿﺎ دﯾﻦ ھﺎي ﺗﻨﻘﺒﻞ؟‬
I which mission were you?  ‫ﺑﯿﺎ ﻣﮭﻤﺔ‬
Which ‫اي \ ﯾﺎ‬
(‫ﯾﺎ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ) ﺑﯿﮭﻢ‬
Which one of them?

Why do you mind? What is it yours? 

. (‫ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ ) ﺑﯿﮭﻢ‬ ... ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ راﺣﺘﮭﻢ‬
Leave them alone….. Why do you bother?
How do you know ?
‫ﺷﻤﺪرﯾﻚ ؟‬
‫ﺷﻤﺪرﯾﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎي؟‬
‫ﺷﻤﺪرﯾﻚ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﻲ ؟‬

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How do you know he is not here?

How do you know he is not coming?
Why are you afraid?
‫(؟‬idiom)
‫ﺷﺎﻛﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬
You are protected by somebody.

Why then you ? ‫ اﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺪوﻧﮭﻢ ؟‬

‫ اﻧﺖ ﻣﻨﺪون ﻛﻠﮭﻢ ﺗﺮووح؟‬
Why are you selected from among them all to go ?

Where from ? 

Where are you coming from? 
 Where are you from?  

Where are you heading? 

Where are you heading ? 

Where do you arrive ? ‫ﺼل؟‬

Connectors
The connectors between phrases and sentences in the Iraqi dialect are different
from those of the Standard language. They are words adapted, contracted, and
combined from the classical Arabic or from other languages. They have different
shapes from what their original words were. Here are some.

Time connectors

Gabil ma  = before + a sentence

‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﮫ‬
Shifta gabil maa mishe:t
I met him before I left.

Ba’aid ma ( wara ma) (‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ) ورا ﻣﺎ‬after + a sentence

‫ وﯾﺎك‬ ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺘﮫ ورا ﻣﺎ‬
‘arifta wara maa Hicha wiyaak.
I recognized him after he spoke with you.

Limman ‫ ﻟﻤﻦ‬when + a sentence

‘aidma ‫ ﻋﺪﻣﺎ‬when + a sentence
ّ ،‫ﻟﻤﻦ دﺧﻠﻨﺎ ل‬
‫ھﻢ إﻧﮭﺰﻣﻮ‬
Limman dkhilna il be:t, humma ?inhizmau

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When we entered the house, they fled.

Wba’ade:n ‫ = وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ‬then later

 ‫ رﺣﻨﺎ ﻟﮭﻢ‬ ‫اول ﻣﺮة ﺗﻐﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺑﺮا ﺑﻞ ﻣﻄﻌﻢ‬
?awal marra tghade:nabarra bil maT’aam w ba’ade:n riHnalhum lilbe:t.
First we had lunch in a restaurant, and then we went to them in their house.

Min ‫ ﻣﻦ‬at the time

‫ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﺗﻨﺮﻓﺰ‬، ‫ﻣﻦ دﺧﻠﻨﺎ ال ﺑﯿﺖ‬
Min dakhalna il be:t, he got mad.
When we entered the house, he was a bit tensed (unhappy).
( he disliked it.)

Reason connectors

L?an ‫ﻷن‬
Li?an (u)
. ‫ ) ﻛﺎن( ﻣﻮو زﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻨﺎ ال ﻣﻜﺎن ﻷن ) ﻷﻧﻮ( ال‬
Trakna il akaan li-anu il jaw chaan muu ze:n.
We left the place because the weather was not good.
A’almuud ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮد‬
A’almuud maa (laa)
‫ إﺣﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺘﺮم ﺗﻘﺎﻟﯿﺪﻛﻢ وﻋﻠﻤﻮد ھﺎي ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﯾﺴﻮوﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﺎل‬. ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﻄﺐ ﺟﻮا ﻋﻠﻤﻮد اﻛﻮ ﻧﺴﻮان وﺑﻨﺎت ﺑﻞ ﺑﺼﺖ‬
.‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻄﺐ وﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﻮﻓﮭﻢ‬

Ma nreed nTib jauwa ‘almuud ?aku niswaan w banaat bil be;t . ?iHna niHtirim taqaaleedkum w’almuud
haay khaleehum ysawwona majaal Hatta nTib wmaa nshuufhum.

We do not want to enter because there are women and girls inside the house. We respect your traditions
and that is why we ask them to give us way to enter without seeing them.

Che:f  ke:f  because

. ‫ ﻤﺭﻴﺽ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﺡ ﻟﻠﺸﻐل‬
He did not go to work because he was sick.

Athaarii ‫ﺍﺜﺎﺭﻱ‬ in fact .. because / I find out that…. / it turns out that …
.‫ﺍﺨﺫﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﺎﻫﻡ ﻟﻠﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﺜﺎﺭﻱ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺩﻓﻌﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ‬
They took me as a roommate because they wanted the rent to be paid by me.
Or they took me as a roommate to make me pay the rent for them. (They pay nothing).

Purpose Connectors

‘almuud ‫ = ﻋﻠﻤﻮد‬to / so that

Hatta ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬
Mbor (Moslawi) ‫ﻣﺒﻮر‬
Mishghan (Moslawi) ‫ﻣﺸﻐﺎن‬
Min shaan ( borrowed) ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎن‬

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.‫ ﻷﻧﻮ ) ﻻن( ﺟﺘﻨﺎ إﺧﺒﺎرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮارﯾﻨﻜﻢ‬ ‫ ھﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ﻧﻔﺘﺶ ل‬
Je:na hna ‘almuud nfattish il be:t l?anuu jitna ?ikhbaariya ‘ale:kum min
jawaareenkum.
We are here to search the house because we got a call from your neighborhood.

All other connectors can be used the same way to replace ‘almuud ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻮد‬

Contrast Connectors

Bas ‫ = ﺑﺲ‬but , however, nevertheless

Walaakin ‫ = وﻟﻜﻦ‬but
Walawin ‫ = وﻟﻮ و ِن‬though
Ma’ale:k   = regardless
‘aaad ‫ = ﻋﺎد‬but, therefore, as a result
Kho ‫ = ﺧﻮ‬so, therefore
Raghim MSA ‫ = رﻏﻢ‬despite
Wiya ‫ = وﯾﺎ‬in spite of
Walau ….bas ‫ﺑﺲ‬.... ‫ = وﻟﻮ‬though
Fo:g maa ‫ ﻣﺎ‬‫ = ﻓﻮ‬though, in spite of the fact that

‫ﻓﺘﺸﻨﺎ ل ﻣﻜﺎن ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻔﻨﺎ ﺷﻲ‬

Fttashna lmakaan bas maa shifna shii
We searched the place, but we did not see anything.

‘aad haatha khosh walid. Maa ysawee heechi ‫ﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎد ھﻮ ﺧﻮش وﻟﺪ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﻮي‬
But he is a good guy. He does not do such a thing.

Kho ma biqa ‘aleik dyuun! !‫ﺧﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ دﯾﻮن‬

I hope ( so) no debts are left on you?

ّ ‫ آﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ زﻋﻼن‬، ‫وﯾﺎ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر‬

Wiya kul lii Saar, ana maa zi’alaan minnak ‫ﻣﻨﻚ‬
Despite all that, I am not angry with you.

Walau huwa zi’alaan, bas aan aruuH yamhum. ‫وﻟﻮ ھﻮ زﻋﻼن ﺑﺲ آﻧﻲ ارووح ﯾﻤﮭﻢ‬
Though he is angry, I still visit them.

Fo:g maa saa’adna, gaam y’aaadiina. ‫ﯾﻌﺎدﯾﻨﺎ‬، ‫ﻣﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬ 

Though we helped him, he started attacking ( being hostile to) us.

Consequence Connectors

Wilhassabab ‫ وﻟﮭﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ‬for this reason, so, therefore

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Walihaatha ‫ وﻟﮭﺬا‬for this, so, therefore

‫ اﺳﺘﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ‬‫ﺗﻌﺒﺖ ھﻮاﯾﺎ وﻟﮭﺬا ارﯾﺪ‬
Ti’aibit hwaaya walihaatha ?areed ?ag’aid ?astireeH shwaya
I got tired. So, I want to sit and relax a bit.

Practice:
ID
. ‫ﯾــﻤـﮫ ك‬
َ ‫ﺗـﻤـــﺮﺿـــﺖ وﻟـﮭـﻞ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣـﺎ ﺟـﯿـﺖ‬
ِ ّ
/tmara it wlhal sabab ma d e:t jam mak/
I got sick and that is why I did not visit you.

MSA

. ‫ﺗـﻤـﺮﺿـﺖ و ﻟـﮭـﺬا اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻟـﻢ ازرك‬

ُ ّ ‫ﻟـﻘـﺪ‬
/laqad tamar ra tu wa liha: a sabab lam ?azu:raka/
I became sick and for this reason I did not visit you.

ID
. ‫ﺳﺄﻟت ﻋﻧﻧك وﺑﻌدﯾن ﺟﯾت ﻟك‬

I asked about you. Then I came to see you.

ID
. ‫ھﻮ زﯾﻦ ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﻤﻊ ل ﺣﺠﯿﻨﺎ‬
He is good but he never listens to us.
Conditional Connectors

Itha ‫إذا‬

Itha yisaal ‘anee. Aanii maa maw-juud ‫ آﻧﻲ ) ﻋﺎد( ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬، ‫إذا ﯾﺴﺄل ﻋﻨﻲ‬
The structure is likely to happen and the verb is in the present tense.
In case he asks about me, I am not here.

Itha tidris, tinjaH ( raaH tinjaH) (‫ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ) راح ﺗﻨﺠﺢ‬، ‫إذا ﺗﺪرس‬
If you study, you pass (will pass) . Advice rather than conditional.

Lo + past ( hypothetical)
Lo chan ‘aindee flos , chan streit il beit. ‫ ﺟﺎن ﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ ال ﺑﯿﺖ‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪي ﻓﻠﻮس‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬
Had I had money, I would have bought the house.
If I had had money, I would have bought the house.

Lo + vb ___( polite imperative as suggestion)

Lo tismaH, ghyir il skamlee . haatha maHjuuz.
“If you allow me”
If you do not mind _________________.
. ‫ ھﺬا ﻣﺤﺠﻮز‬... . ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ال ﺳﻜﻤﻠﻲ‬.... ‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬
If you do not mind, change your place (sit on a different chair). This chair is reserved.

Suggestion
. ‫ﻟﻮ ﺗﺠﻲ وﺗﺸﻮوف ال وﺿﻊ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ‬
Lo: tijii wit-shuuf il wadhi’a bnaf-sak

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I suggest you come and see the situation by yourself.

Blame, advice, hypothetical

‫ ﺻﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺪرس ﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﮭﺪ‬ ‫ ھﺴﮫ‬، ‫ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬

Lo: chan je:t wiyaana, hassa chinit Saayir mudar-ris bil ma’a-had
Had you come with us ( but you refused), you would have been now ( a teacher) teaching in the
institute.

Idiomatic ( hypothetic)
 _____________________past  ‫ﷲ ﻻ ﯾﻘﺪر‬
!‫ ﻤﻨﻭﻭ ﻴﺨﻠﺼﻙ‬، ‫ﺼﺎﺭﻟﻙ ﻓﺩ ﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺩﺭ‬
Allah laa yqadir lo + past verb, ______________.

Allah la yqad-dir lo: Sarl lak fad shii, minuu ykhalSak!

God forbid, if something wrong happened to you, who would save you?

Addition-connectors

1. U = and ‫و‬
Yakul wyishrab . ‫ﯾﺎﻛﻞ وﯾﺸﺮب‬
He eats and drinks.

2. ham-meina = also  

Yakhith akhuu hameina wiya. ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺬ اﺧﻮه ھﻤﯿﻨﺔ وﯾﺎه‬
He took his brother also with him.

3. muu bas ……….hameina  .......... ‫ﻣﻮ ﺑﺲ‬

‫ ﻋﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ده‬  ‫ ھﻮ‬، ‫ھﻮ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺲ ﻧﺰل‬

Huwa muu bas nizil , huwa hameina ydabich ‘al SaTiH.
“He is not only a guest, he is also walking on the roof.”
He is a guest but he is doing wrong things.

3. Chmaala = take/ give /have/ get /lose + extra 

Mu bas huwa raaH akhath akhu chmala wiya. ‫وﯾﺎه‬ ‫اﺧﺬ اﺧﻮه‬... ‫ﻣﻮ ﺑﺲ ھﻮ راح‬

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4. ‘aalaa-watan ‘ala = what is worse ‫ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ‬, in addition to all that

.‫ ﺑﻄﻞ ﯾﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬، ‫ﻋﻼوة ﻋﻠﻰ ال ظﺮوف ال ﺻﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺮ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
In addition to all the bad circumstances that he went through, he refused to work.

Negation in Iraqi Dialect ‫اﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻨﻔﻲ‬

To negate verbs , use / ma:/ ‫ﻣــﺎ‬

such as

‫ﻣــﺎ أ رﯾــﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎ رﯾﺪ‬

/ ma: ?ari:d/ / ma: ri:d/

I do not need this headache I do not work with you. . .‫ وراح ﻣﺎ أﺷﺘﻐﻞ وﯾﺎك‬. ‫ﻣﺎ رﯾﺪ ھﻞ دوﺧﺔ‬
He did not let me sleep all night. He was snoring. ‫ ﺟﺎن ﯾﺸﻮﺧﺮ‬. ‫ﺧﻼﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻛﻞ اﻟﻠﯿﻞ‬
MSA ID
‫ﻟﯿﺲ ﻋﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي‬
/ laysa ‘aindi:/ maa ‘aindi: .‫ آﻧﻲ ﺑﺮي ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ھﻞ ﺷﻐﻼت‬. ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪي ﺷﻲ‬
I do not have anything. I am innocent of all these things.

To negate nouns and adjectives, use /mu:/ ‫ﻣــﻮ‬

such as

‫ﻣــﻮ ﺑﺎﻟـﺒـﺒﯿـﺖ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻮ ﻧـﺎﯾـﻢ‬

/mu: bil be:t/ /mu: najim/

.  ( ‫ ﺑﺲ ﻧﺎدﯾﮫ )ﻧﺎدي ي‬.‫ﻣﻮ ﻧﺎﯾﻢ‬. ‫ھﻮ ﺻﺎﺣﻲ‬

Huwa SaaHii . Muu nayim. Bas naadii wiguum
He is awake. He is not sleeping. Call him, and he will wake up.

Haasha ‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎ‬
.ً ‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎ ان اﻛﻮن ﺳﺎرﻗﺎ‬
I absolutely deny being a thief.

Laa ‫ﻻ‬
‫ وﻻ ﯾﻘﻮل‬‫ﻻ‬
He never utters. He never asks permission.

Bala , blay-ya ( biduun) ‫ ﺑﺪون‬، ‫ ﺑﻠﯿﺎ‬، ‫ﺑﻼ‬

.‫ھﺬا ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻼ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ وﻻ وﺟﺪان‬

Ma’aleik 
‫ ﺑﮭﻞ ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
. (‫ ﻣﻨﮫ ) ﺑﯿﮫ‬
Do not get involved. Do not worry.
Do not worry. Will take care. . ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ‬.... ‫ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
Idioms ( to deny as negation)

Haasha! Not me (I deny it) ! ‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎ‬

Hashaak! Not you. ‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎك‬

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Muu bil Bil He:f ! No…. that is shame !  ‫ﻣﻮو ﺑﻞ‬
Muu ‘ae:b ! isn’t shame ‫ﻣﻮو ﻋــﺼــﺐ‬

Examples:

.‫ ھﻮ ﻻ ﺣﻲ وﻻ ﻣﯿﺖ‬.ً‫ وﷲ ﺻﺤﺘﮫ )ﺻﺤﺘﻮ( ﻣﻮ زﯾﻨﺔ اﺑﺪا‬.1

‫ ﯾﺎ رﺟﻞ؟‬  . ‫ اﻧﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻦ زﻣﺎن‬.‫ وﺣﺸﻨﺎك‬.2
.‫ ﻋﺼﻲ وﻗﻠﺲ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ اﻧﺖ‬.3
.‫ راح ﻣﺎﻧﺘﻨﺎزل إﻟﻜﻢ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬.4
.‫ ﻣﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ أي ھﺎرب أو ﻣﺠﺮم ﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﺔ ھﺎي‬.5
ّ ‫ ) ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺒﻞ( ﻋﻞ اﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ان‬.6
. ) ‫ﻧﻤﻠﻖ إﻟﻜﻢ‬
‫ ﻣﻮو ﺟﻮﻋﺎن وﻻ ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‬.7
. ‫ ﺗﺠﻲ ﻟﻞ دوام‬‫ ھﻲ ﻣﻮو ﻣﺮﯾﻀﺔ ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ‬.8
.‫ ﺑﺲ ﺷﺎطﺮ وﻓﺘﺤﻠﮫ ) ﻓﺘﺤﻠﻮ( ﻋﯿﺎدة ب ﺑﺎب ل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬ ‫ ھﻮ ﻣﻮو ھﻞ طﺒﯿﺐ اﻟﻠﻲ‬.9
.‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ال اﻣﻮر ده ﺗﻤﺸﻲ‬.‫ ال وﺿﻊ ﻻ زﯾﻦ وﻻ ﻣﻮو زﯾﻦ‬.10
1. walla SiHitu muu zeina ?abadan huwa la Hay wala mayit
2. wahashnaak. ?inta maaku bayaanak min zamaan. Wein chinit yaa rajul
3. ma’arifit ?inta heechii ‘aiSi w qalis
4. raaH manitnaazal ?ilkum lo shma ySeer
5.ma shifit ?ay haarib ?au mujrim bil mHalla haay
6. maniqbal’al ?anfusna ?an nmaliq?ilkum
7. muu juu’aaan wala ‘aiTshaan
8. hiya muu mareedha bas matigbal tiji lil dawaam
9. huwa muu hal tayib lii tguul ‘alei . bas shaaTir w fataHluu ‘aiyaada b aab il sharjii
10. lwadhi’a laa zein wala muu zein ya’anii l ?imuur da timshii

1. In fact his health is not good. He is half alive.

2. We missed you. We have not seen you for a long time. Where were you man?
3. I didn’t know that you were a miser and stingy.
4. We never conceded what it cost us.
5. I did not see any fugitive or criminal in this neighborhood
6. We will not kiss your ass.
7. I am not thirsty nor hungry
8. She is not sick but she does not come to work.
9. He is not the Dr. you think he is. But he is clever and opened a clinic for himself.
10. The situation is not bad nor good. It is Okay.

Prepositions: ‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ‬

There are also some Iraqi prepositions that their MSA equivalents are
completely different:

MSA ID

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‫ﺗــﺤــﺖ‬ َ *
‫ﺟــﻮه‬
/taHta/ /j au wa/ under or inside

‫ﻣـــﻊ‬ ‫وﯾـــﺎ‬
ّ
/maa’a/ /wij ja/ with

‫ﺑـــﺪون‬‫\ ﺑﻠﯾﺎ‬
/bidu:n/ /bla j ja/ without

‫داﺧـﻞ‬ ‫\ ﺟوه‬
/da:xil/ /j au wa/ inside

‫ﺧـﺎرج‬ ‫\ ﺑرا‬
/xa:rid3 / /ba r ra:/ outside

‫ﻋــﻨــﺪ‬ ‫ \ ﯾﻢ‬
/a’inda/ /yam/ at

‫ﺑــﺠــﻮار‬
ِ ‫ﺑـــﺼــﻒ‬
َ
/bid iwa:r/ /bSaf/ next to

‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫دورﻣﺪاﯾﺮ‬
Hawl dor madaayir around

( ‫) ﺑﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺺ‬

Fii muntasaf ( bi-wasaT) bniS in the middle of

‫ﺑﺪون‬ ( ‫) ﺑﻼ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﯿﺎ‬

Bi-doon blay-ya ( without)

‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ طﺮف‬

Min jaanib min Traf (from the side of )

‫ﻓﻮق‬ 
Fauq fo:g (on , over )

‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
Jaanib Saf-Ha ( side)

‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫طﺎري‬
Haul Taari ( around, about)

ID use ‫ ﺑـــــ‬to replace (in), (on), (at) of MSA ‫ﻓــﻲ‬

MSA ID
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟـﻤـﻜـﺘﺐ‬ ‫ﺑــﻞ داﯾﺮة‬
/fi maktab/ /bil dajra/ (in the office)

.
Γήϳ΍
ΩϞΑ
ϰϛϼΘ
ϧͿΎ
ηϥ΍
Ρ΍
έ
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟـﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑـﻞ ﺑﯿﺖ‬

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/fil be:t /bil be:t/ ( in the house)

.‫ ﺑﺎﺟر‬ͿΎ
ηϥ΍
ΕϳΑϝΑϑ ϭΎ
ηΗϧΡ΍
έ

You can use /faj/ ‫ ﻓـﮫ ْي‬to mean (shade) in English.

ْ ‫ واﻛــﻒ ﺑــﺎﻟـﻔﮫ‬/wagif bil faj/
‫ي‬
.‫ ﺑل ﻓﮫ ي‬ ‫ وإﺣﻧﺎ‬، ‫ ﺑل ﺷﻣس‬ ‫ل ﻧﺎس‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﯾﺎرة‬ ‫ﺑل ﺳﯾﺎرة‬
Bil say-yaara bilsay-yaara by the car
‫رﺣﻧﺎ ﺑل ﺳﯾﺎرة‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻛﯾﻧﺔ‬  ‫ﺑل‬

Bil-sikeena bil sicheena with a knife
 ‫ﺿرﺑﮫ ﺑل‬

The preposition b ‫ ب‬in idioms

RaaH biiha = got in trouble ‫راح ﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬
RaaH biiha maat = he got death / died ‫راح ﺑﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺎت‬
Shbiik? = What is wrong with you? ‫ﺷﺑﯾك‬
Ma’ale:k bii. = You have nothing to do with him ‫ﻣﻌﻠﯾك ﺑﯾﮫ‬
Sh-shaayif bii. = what is wrong about him? ‫ﺷﺷﺎﯾف ﺑﯾﮫ‬
Sh-shaayif bii ze:n = What is it god about him? ‫ ؟‬ ‫ﺷﺷﺎﯾف ﺑﯾﮫ‬
Laa minha wala biiha = we have nothing to do with ‫ﻻ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ وﻻ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬
‘aindak ( ilak) shii biiha = Do you have anything to do with that ‫ﻋﻧدك ) إﻟك( ﺷﻲ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ‬
Maa biiha shii = it does not matter, it is not a big deal ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬
Billah ‘ale:k = is that right ‫ ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻠﮫ‬

Learners of Iraqi dialect face one more problem of prepositions, especially when some pronouns are
attached to them in a phrase or a sentence. It is essential to see and recognize the shape of the
preposition in a sentence. Here are some examples.

Female (you) as an object (-ch) versus male(you) as an object (-k)

Female possessive (your) is (-ich) versus male possessive (your)(-ik)is another issue not to confuse
in while talking.

‫ وﯾـــﺎ ج‬ ‫ د‬.1

/da ?aHchi wiyaach/
I am talking to you (f. Singl.).
Wiya:k = masculine ‫دا أﺣﺠﻲ وﯾﺎك‬

‫ﺑـﻠـﯿـــﺎ ج‬
ّ ‫ﻣـﺎ راح أ روح‬ .2
/ ma raaH ?a ru:H blaja: /
I won’t go without you out.
blay ya:k = masculine ‫ﻣﺎ روح ﺑﻠﯿﺎك‬

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‫ﺟـــﻮا‬ ‫ﺧــﻠـﻰ اﻟﻜــﻮﺷـﺔ‬ .3

/xale: el ko:sha d3 au wa: /

Put the small pillow beneath you.
Jaw wa:k = masculine ‫ﺧﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻮﺷﺔ ﺟﻮاك‬

‫ﯾــــﻤــــــج‬
‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫راح ﺗــﺠــﻲ‬ .4
/ra:H tid jam mi  /
She will come to you
Yam mak = masculine ‫راح ﺗﺠﻲ ﯾﻤﻚ‬

‫َﯾــﻤــﻌـﻮد ﯾـــﻜــﺬب ﻋــﻠـﯿــــﺞ‬ .5

/jam a’u wad jik  ib a’ale: /
He’s lying to you (feminine you)
a’aleik = masculine ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ﯾﻜﺬب ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

Demonstratives:
Demonstratives are very close to the standard words. But they are still confusing to learners
because of their pronunciation. We have two types of demonstratives. Demonstratives that indicate near
objects, and those that indicate far objects. The singular demonstratives are different from the plural
ones too.
Singular Demonstratives

MSA ID

far near far near

‫ذاك‬ ‫ھـﺬا‬ ‫ذاك‬ ‫ھـﺎ ل‬

/ a:ka/ /ha: a/ / a:k/ /ha/
that (m.) this (m.) that (m.) this (m.)

‫ﺗــﻠـــﻚ‬ ‫ھـﺬه‬ ‫ذﯾــــــﺞ‬ ‫ھـﺎي ل‬

/tilka/ /ha: ihi/ / i:t / /ha:j/
that (f.) this (f.) that (f.) that (f.)

This boy (near) – that boy (far) ‫ ذاك ال وﻟﺪ‬- ‫ھـﮫ ل وﻟﺪ‬
This girl (near) - that girl (far) ‫ إل ﺑﻨﺖ‬‫ھﺎي ال ﺑﻨﺖ – ذ‬

Examples:
‫ھﮫ ل وﻟﺪ ﺷﺎطﺮ – ذاك ال وﻟﺪ ﻛﺴﻼن‬
‫ ذﯾﺞ ﻛﺴﻼﻧﺔ‬- ‫ھﺎي ل ﺑﻨﯿﺔ ﺷﺎطﺮة‬

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‫‪Plural Demonstratives‬‬

‫‪MSA‬‬ ‫‪ID‬‬

‫‪far‬‬ ‫‪near‬‬ ‫‪far‬‬ ‫‪near‬‬

‫اوﻟــﺌـﻚ‬ ‫ھـﺆﻻء‬ ‫ذوﻻك )ذوك(‬ ‫ھـﺬوﻻ‬

‫‪/?ula:?ika/‬‬ ‫‪/ha:?ula:?/‬‬ ‫‪/th o:la:k /‬‬ ‫‪/ha th o:la/‬‬
‫)‪those (m.‬‬ ‫)‪these(m.‬‬ ‫)‪those (m.‬‬ ‫)‪these (m.‬‬

‫اوﻟـﺌــــﻚ‬ ‫ھــﺆﻻء‬ ‫ذ ﻧـــﯿـــــــﺞ‬ ‫ھﺬ ﻧـﻲ \ ذﻧـﻲ‬

‫‪/?ula:?ika/‬‬ ‫‪/ha?ula:?/‬‬ ‫‪/ thani:tS ◌ٍ /‬‬ ‫‪/ th ani:/‬‬
‫)‪those (f.‬‬ ‫)‪these (f.‬‬
‫)‪those (f.‬‬ ‫)‪these (f.‬‬

‫‪these boys- these soldiers‬‬ ‫ذوﻟﮫ إل اوﻻد ذوﻟﮫ إل ﺟﻨﻮد‬

‫ذ‪‬ﻻك ذ‪‬ك ذ‪‬ك إل اوﻻد ذ‪‬ك ال ﺟﻨﻮد ‪those boys- those soldiers‬‬

‫‪these girl-‬‬ ‫‪those girls‬‬ ‫ھـﺬﻧﻲ ذﻧﻲ ل ﺑﻨﺎت ‪ -‬ذﻧﯿـ‪ ‬ل ﺑﻨﺎت‬
‫ذﻧﻲ ل ﺑﻨﺎت ﺷﺎطﺮات ‪ .‬ذﻧﯿـ‪ ‬ﻛﺴﻼﻧﺎت ‪These girls are smart. Those are lazy.‬‬

‫ھﺬوﻻ ل ﺟﻨﻮد – ذوﻻك ال ﺟﻨﻮد ‪These soldiers- those soldiers‬‬

‫‪These girls – Those‬‬ ‫ذﻧﻲ )ھﺬﻧﻲ( إل ﺑﻨﺎت – ذﻧﯿــﺞ‬

‫ھﻞ ﺟﻨﺪي ‪This soldier‬‬

‫ھﺬوﻟﺔ ل ﺟﻨﻮد ‪These soldiers‬‬

‫ھﻞ ﺑﻨﺖ ‪This girl‬‬

‫ھﺬوﻟﮫ ل ﺑﻨﺎت ‪These girls‬‬

‫ذاك ل ﺟﻨﺪي ‪That soldier‬‬

‫ذوك ) ذوﻻك ( ل ﺟﻨﻮد ‪Those soldiers‬‬

‫‪Practice:‬‬

‫‪  .1‬ﯾﺘﻤﺸﻮن ﺑﺬﯾـ‪ ‬ل ﺷﻮارع وﻣﺎ ﻣﮭﺘﻤﯿﻦ وﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﯾﻠﯿﻦ ﺳﻼح وﯾﺎھﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﻌﺠﺒﻨﺎ ‪ ‬ھﺎي ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﺮة وﻻزم ﺗﺸﯿﻠﻮن ل ﺳﻼح وﯾﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺗﻄﻠﻌﻮن ﺑﺪ دراﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫‪ .3‬وﺷﻔﻨﺎ ھﻞ دﺑﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺑﺎت ﺑﻞ ﺷﻮارع وﻣﺤﺪ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬وذﯾـ‪ ‬ل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ال ارﺿﯿﺔ ﻣﺘﺮوﻛﺔ ‪ ‬ل ﻣﻘﺮات وﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﺪ ﺟﻨﺪي ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﺸﻐﻠﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬اﺧﺬﻧﺎ ل ﺑﻐﺪاد ذوك ل اﺳﺮى اﻟﻠﻲ اﻧﻠﺰﻣﻮا ﻋﻞ ل ﺣﺪوود‪.‬‬

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Adjectives
The Iraqi dialect speakers use their own adjectives which are adapted from the
Standard Arabic words or are borrowed from other languages. Some linguists do not
consider these words as good Arabic words; therefore, they do not allow students to
use them in the school class discussions since they are not “Arabic”. Many of them
are taken from the local languages such as Persian, Turkish, Aramaic, Hebrew, and
others. Nevertheless, now they are considered among high frequency vocabulary in the
Iraqi Arabic dialect.

◌ِa: Adjectives after nouns:

MSA ID

‫ﻣـﺠـﺎﻧـــﻲ‬ ‫ﺑـــﻼش‬
َ
/mad a:ni/ /bala / for free

. ( ‫ ال ﻗﺠﻎ‬‫ دوﻻر ﺑﺴﻮو‬50 ‫ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ ب‬. ‫ھﻞ ﺳﻼح دا ﯾﻨﺒﺎع ب ﺑﻼش‬

‫ﻏـﯿﺮ ﺟـﯿـﺪ‬ ‫ﺟـــﺮك‬

ِ ِ
/Gajr d ajid/ /tS irik/ of a bad quality

.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﺧﺬ رطﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺧﺰن ﺟﻮا اﻟﻜﺎع‬. ‫ھﻞ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻨﻞ ﻋﺘﺎد ﺟﺮك و ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﻓﺸﻮش وﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﻔﺠﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻟﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺎن‬
taalif khirbaan damaged
‫ ﻛﻞ إل ﺟﺒﻦ ﺑﺰ زﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻮد ھﻮ ﺧﺮﺑﺎن‬‫ذ‬
‫ﻋﺎطﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺑﺎن‬
‘aaTil khirbaan
out of order / faulty
‫ھﻞ ﻣﻜﯿﻨﺔ ﺧﺮﺑﺎﻧﺔ وﻣﺎ دا ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬
(‫ﺟـــﯿـــﺪ )ة‬ (‫زﯾــــﻦ )ة‬

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/d ajid/ /ze:n/ well

.‫ وﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﯾﻒ ﻛﻼﺷﯿﻨﻜﻮف ھﺴﮫ ﺑﮭﻞ ﺳﻌﺮ‬.‫وﷲ ﻋﻤﻲ زﯾﻦ‬

‫طــﺎزج‬ ‫ﺗـﺎزة‬
/ta:zid / /ta:za/ fresh, delicate

.‫ ﺗﻮا ﺧﻠﺼﻮ ﺗﻘﻄﯿﻌﮫ‬. ‫ھﻞ ﻟﺤﻢ ﺑﻌﺪه ﺗﺎزة وطﺮي‬

‫زھــﯿـــﺪ‬ ‫أﺧـﻮ اﻟـﺒـﻼش‬
/zahi:d/ / ?axu el bala / very cheap
.‫ ھﺬا اﺧﻮ ل ﺑﻼش‬. ‫ﻋﻤﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﺘﺘﺮﯾﮫ‬

Common Adjectives

dhaayij ‫ﺿﺎﯾﺞ‬
Uncomfortable, bored, annoyed

zih-gaan 
Restless, upset

social = outgoing ‫ارﯾﺤﻲ‬

wakeeH = Harik ‫وﻛﺢ\ ﺣﺮك‬

hyper = moves a lot

nifih nifih = Open and spacious ( place, area) ‫ﻧﻔﮫ‬

khanga = stuffy, causes suffocation 

Kashkha = chick , tidy ‫ﻛﺸﺨﺔ‬

Mla’a ‘ab = playful ‫ﻣﻠﻌﺐ‬

ّ

Falta or ‘abqari = Genius ‫ﻋﺒﻘﺮي ﻓﻠﺘﺔ‬

baTraan = irresponsibly lavish, pampered ‫ﺑﻄﺮان‬

Past participle adjectives

mitrah-hee confident / with trust ‫ﻣﺘﺮھﻲ‬

Waathiq confident . comfortable mitrahee

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When she sings, she does confidently

mashkho:t retarded ‫ﻣﺸﺨﻮط‬
miskiin meek ‫ﻣﺴﻜﯿﻦ‬
mra’abil unorganized ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺑﻞ \ ﻣﺮﻋﺒﻞ‬
Mqap-paT no room is left, full ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻂ‬
Mshak-kal combination ّ
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ‬
Matruus full, filled ‫ﻣﺘﺮووس‬
Mafchuukh injured in head ‫ووخ‬‫ﻣﻔــ‬
majruuH injured ‫ﻣﺠﺮووح‬
Mita’w –wir injured ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻮر‬
ّ
Musta’a-mal used ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬
Mazruu’a planted ‫ﻣﺰرووع‬
MaftuuH open ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮوح‬
Maghluuq closed ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻮوق‬
Mas-duud shut ‫ﻣﺴﺪوود‬
Maf-‘auuS dented ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮص‬

Adjective + simile

1. Sahil mithlil charaz  ‫ﺳﮭﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ال‬

2. Yirham bkul shii mithil Tamata ‫ﯾﺮھﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ طﺒﯿﺦ ﻣﺜﻞ ال طﻤﺎطﺔ‬
3. Yit’alam-h mithil shurbil maay ‫ﯾﺘﻌﻠﻤﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺷﺮب ال ﻣﺎي‬
4. Waadh-Ha widhuuHil shams ‫واﺿﺢ ﻣﺜﻞ ال ﺷﻤﺲ‬
5. Abyadh mitlil thalij ‫اﺑﯿﺾ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
6. Baarid ‘abaalak thalij ‫ﺑﺎرد ﻋﺒﺎﻟﻚ ﺛﻠﺞ‬
7. Aswad mithlil faHim ‫اﺳﻮد ﻣﺜﻞ ال ﻓﺤﻢ‬
8. Naa’ais ‘abaalak isfanja ‫ﻧﺎﻋﺲ ﻋﺒﺎﻟﻚ اﺳﻔﻨﺠﺔ‬
9. qlaba qaasii mithli il sakhara ‫ﻗﻠﺒﮫ ﻗﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ال ﺻﺨﺮة‬
ّ
10. mshk-kal ya lo:z ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﯾﺎ‬
11. haay zalaTa ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻟﻁﺔ‬

1. easy as eating seeds

2. flexible as tomato juice that goes with every dish ( easy to deal with)
3. learnable like drinking water ( he knows it well = has become an island)
4. clear as the sun
5. white as the fluffy snow
6. cold as ice
7. black as charcoal
8. soft as a sponge
9. as hard as a rock ( tough)
10. mixed like almonds with other seeds
11. this Is Salad = very easy to do

Adjectives implied in the phrase( more than one word)

warda maal allah = he is good ‫وردة ﻣﺎ ﷲ‬
‘aqla muu braasa = he is busy, he does not focus ‫ﻋﻘﻠﮫ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺮاﺳﮫ‬
rabba Taayir = he is angry and mad ّ
‫رﺑﮫ طﺎﯾﺮ‬

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’ainda shikhTa = something wrong in his brain ‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﺷﺨﻄﮫ‬

’ainda coils = he is retarded ‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﻛﻮﯾﻼت‬
mdhay-yi’a ‘aqla = he has lost his mind ‫ﻣﻀﯿﻊ ﻋﻘﻠﮫ‬
falla maal allah = he is very good ‫ّﻓﻠﮫ ﻣﺎل ﷲ‬
mishti’ail rab-ba = he is tired ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻞ رﺑﮫ‬
tutna khilSaan= he is very old ‫ﺗﺘﻨﮫ ﺧﻠﺼﺎن‬
galba Tayib = he is a good hearted man ‫ طﯿﺐ‬
nafsiita Tayba = he has a good character ‫ﻧﻔﺴﯿﺘﮫ طﯿﺒﺔ‬
iida Tweela = he steals ‫اﯾﺪه طﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
lisaana Tweel = he has a log tongue (speaks a lot) ‫ﻟﺴﺎﻧﮫ طﻮﯾﻞ‬
muu tamaam = he is not okay ‫ﻣﻮ ﺗﻤﺎم‬
maay mijawa il ti-bin = water under hay = he is sneaky ‫ﻣﺎي ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه اﻟﺘﺒﻦ‬
min jawa jawa = he does things secretly ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه ﺟﻮه‬
muu raaHa = he moves a lot = makes problems ‫ﻣﻮ راﺣﺔ‬
Taal’a ruuHa = his soul is out = he is unhappy and annoyed ‫طﺎﻟﻌﺔ رووﺣﮫ‬
SiiTa Taali’a = has reputation ‫ﺻﯿﺘﺔ طﺎﻟﻊ‬
Syi?il SiiT = infamous ‫ﺳﻲء ال ﺻﯿﺖ‬
La yHil wala yirbiT = cannot do anything, ineffective ‫ﻻ ﯾﺤﻞ وﻻ ﯾﺮﺑﻂ‬
Laa yzay-yid wala ynaq-qiS = it makes no change ‫ﯾﻨـﻘــﺺ‬
ّ ّ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﯾﺰﯾﺪ وﻻ‬
La yziid wal yinqaS = stagnant, no improvement ‫ﻻ ﯾﺰﯾﺪوﻻ ﯾﻨﻘﺺ‬

Adjectives implied in a verb and other words

insisting = shwaya yliH ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﯾﻠﺢ‬
teasing, surprising = yTay-yir il ‘aqil ‫ﯾﻄﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ‬
disgusting = yla’aib ilnafis ‫ﯾﻠﻌﺐ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ّ
Hard to deal with= yishla’il ga-lib  ‫ﯾﺸﻠﻊ‬
breaks your heart = yish’ail il ga-lib  ‫ﯾﺸﻌﻞ‬
a bit aggressive = shway-ya yruuH zaayid ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﯾﺮوح زاﯾﺪ‬
careless = ma ydiir baal ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل‬
has diarrhea= baTna tim shii ‫ﺑﻄﻨﺔ ﺗﻤﺸﻲ‬
tough to deal with = yTal – li’a il ruuH ّ
‫ﯾﻄﻠﻊ اﻟﺮوح‬
incoherent = yisHab khaarij ‫ﯾﺴﺤﺐ ﺧﺎرج‬
sneaky = yish-ti-ghil dafin ‫ﯾﺸﺘﻐﻞ دﻓﻦ‬
steamers = ylaghligh lsaana ‫ﯾﻠﻐﻠﻎ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﺔ‬
not eloquent = ma yi’arif yiHchii  ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف‬
makes mistakes = ykhar-biT ‫ﯾﺨﺮﺑﻂ‬
sneaky= yi’amal min jaw-wa jaw-wa ‫ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه ﺟﻮه‬
very beautiful = ykhab-bil ‫ﯾﺨﺒﻞ‬ ّ
ineffective = la yhish wala ynish ‫ﻻ ﯾﮭﺶ وﻻ ﯾﻨﺶ‬
ineffective = la yHil wala yirbiT ‫ﻻ ﯾﺤﻞ وﻻ ﯾﺮﺑﻂ‬
complaining , whining = yitbak bak ‫ﯾﺘﺒﻜﺒﻚ‬
vulnerable, easy to remove = yruuH ‘ashra maay ‫ﯾﺮووح ﻋﺸﺮة ﻣﺎي‬
violates = ydabich ‘al SaTiH ‫ ﻋﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
relaxing= yiftaHil ga-lib  ‫ﯾﻔﺘﺢ‬
difficult to deal with, gloomy , unhealthy= yig-Ta’ail nafas ‫طﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬
troublesome, asking for trouble = yitHaarash ‫ﯾﺘﺤﺎرش‬
Opportunist, a double agent, guarantee it = ydomin ‘al raa-sein ‫ﯾﺪوﻣﻦ ﻋﻞ راﺳﯿﻦ‬
Dummy = mith lil aTrash bil zaffa = a deaf in a wedding ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻطﺮش ﺑﻞ زﻓﺔ‬

B: Adjectives before nouns:

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It is interesting to note that some borrowed adjectives are used before nouns, unlike
the Arabic syntax in which adjectives come after nouns. One of the high frequency
adjective is /xo: / ‫ﺧـﻮش‬. This adjective is taken from Farsi (or Kurdish) language:

This is a good Baqlawa ”sweet cookies”

MSA ID
. ‫ھـﺬه اﻟـﺒـﻘﻼوة ﺟـﯿﺪة‬ . ‫ھـﺎي ﺧـﻮش ﺑـﻘﻼوة‬
/ha ihi al baqla:wa d ayida/ / ha:j xo: baqla:wa/

‫ و‬.‫ ﻛﻞ ل ﻧﺎس ﺗﺮوح ﯾﻤﮫ وﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻨﮫ ﻋﻮن ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺤﺘﺎﺟﻮﻟﮫ‬.‫ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﺗﺒﮫ‬.‫ ﻛﻞ ل ﻧﺎس ﺗﺤﺒﺒﮫ‬.‫اﺣﻤﺪ ﺧﻮش وﻟﺪ وﺣﺒﺎب‬
‫ ﻻزم ﻣﮫ‬......‫ ل ﺧﻮش ھﻮ ﺧﻮش‬......‫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﻜﺪر ﻋﻠﯿﮫ وﻣﺎ ﯾﺠﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﻜﺪر ﯾﺴﻮي ﺷﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮل ﻻ‬
. ‫ﺗﻨﻜﺮ زﯾﻨﯿﺘﺔ إﻧـ ﻧﺎس‬

Quantifiers & Qualifiers:

Quantifiers are words that Arabic speakers usually place before the adjectives.
Some are quantifiers, and some are adverbs. Most of these adjective antecedents are
adapted from the standard language or borrowed from other languages. Their Standard
equivalents usually come after the adjectives that they modify.
MSA ID
‫ﻟﻠﻐـﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛــﻠـــــﺶ‬
ِ ِ
lil Ga:ja/ /kilish / ( a lot)

‫ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺟﻤﯿﻞ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬hatha al manDar jamiil lil Gaaya

‫ ھﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻠﺶ ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬hal manDar kilish jamiil
This view is extremely beautiful.

MSA ID *

ً‫ﻛــﺜـﯿـﺮا‬ ‫ھــﻮاﯾــﺎ‬ ( a lot)

/ka th i:ran/ /hwa:ja/
. ‫إل دﻧﯿﺎ ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﺣﺎرة‬
. ‫إﻧﺎ أﺣﺒﮫ ھﻮاﯾﺎ‬
MSA ID

‫ﺟﻤﯿﻌﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺎﺗﮫ‬
Jamii’aha kuli-yaat(h)a
. ‫ھﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺎﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻞ رﺻﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻮ ﻛﺮخ‬

ً‫ﻗـﻠـﯿـﻼ‬ ‫ﺷـﻮﯾـــﮫ‬
ّ ( a little)
/qali:lan/ / sh waj ja min/

Examples:

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‫ﺑﻼ زﺣﻤﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺷﻮﯾﮫ‬

.‫ھﺬا ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﺻﻌﺐ‬
‫ھﻞ إﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬

We pronounce /t/ as /shwayit/ when it is an adjective before a noun. Otherwise, it is

/shwaya/ as an adverb such as / nimshee shwaya/ ‫ ( ﻧﻤﺸﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ‬we walk a bit).

‫ﻗﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺖ‬
qaleel shwayat
.‫ھﺬي ﺷﻮﯾﺖ ﻏﺮاﺿﯿﺎت إﺷﺘﺮﯾﺘﮭﺎ ل ﺑﯿﺖ‬
. ‫إﻧﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﺎي‬
‫ﻗﻠﯿﻞ )ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ( ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
qaleelan min shwaya min
‫إﻧﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﻏﺮاﺿﯿﺎت‬

Examples as Practice:

MSA ID
ً‫ھـﻮ ﺗــﻌﺒـﺎن ﻗﻠـﯿـﻼ‬ ‫ﯾــــﮫ ﺗـﻌـﺒـﺎن‬
ّ ‫ھــﻮ وة ﺷـﻮ‬ُ
/huwa taa’ba:n qali:lan/ /huwa waja tia’ba:n/

He is a little tired He is a little tired.

He (is)tired-he a little He (is)a little tired) literal

 These words can replace adverbs and they are put before or after their verbs. The dialectal
system prefers these words to be before the verbs. MSA prefers these words to be after the
verbs.

MSA ID
‫درﺳﺖ ﻗﻠﯿﻼً ﺛﻢ ﻧﻤﺖ‬
ُ . ‫درﺳــــﺖ ﺷــﻮ ﯾـﮫ وﻧـﻤــﺖ‬
ِ
/drasit shwaja w nimit/
I studied a little and slept.

‫ھﻮ ھﻮاﯾﺎ طﯿﺐ واﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﺶ اﺣﺒﻮ ﺑﺲ ﻻزم ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﯾﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻮ ﻣﻨﻞ ل آﺧﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺤﺴﺪو وﯾﺴﻮوﻟﻮ‬
. ‫ ﻻ زم ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﺼﻨﻂ ل إﺷﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﯿﻨﻮ وﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻮ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ وﻣﻨﻨﺎ‬
ّ
( ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻨﻂ‬ = ‫)ﺗﺘﻨﺴﻂ‬listen to ( ‫ ﯾﺼﻨﻂ‬،‫ ﯾﺼﻄﻨﻂ‬، ‫ﯾﺘﺼﻨﺖ‬
rd
For singular 3 person possessive Dialectal differences:

Moslawi versus Baghdadi and Southern

Comparison:
His and Him pronoun is pronounced differently
e.g., his work , his attention, himself.

Moslawis use /uu/ for his or him

Baghdad and Southerners use /a/ for his or him

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‫‪I saw him‬‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺘﮫ‬ ‫‪shifta‬‬ ‫‪Baghdadi and South‬‬

‫ﺷﻔﺘﻮ‬ ‫‪shiftu‬‬ ‫‪Moslawi‬‬

‫‪himself‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻮ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﻮ ‪his condition‬‬

‫‪himself‬‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫وﺿﻌﮫ ‪his condition‬‬

‫‪moslawi Example:‬‬

‫)‬ ‫ھﻮ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ طﯿﺐ واﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﺶ )اﺣﺒﻮ( ﺑﺲ ﻻزم ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﯾﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮ( ﻋﻠﻰ ) ﻧﻔﺴﻮ( ﻣﻨﻞ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺤﺴﺪوه و‬
‫ﯾﺴﻮوﻟﻮ ( ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ وﻣﻨﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻻزم ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﺘﻨﻂ ل إﺷﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﻲ ) ﺗﺠﯿﻨﻮ( وﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Baghdadi and Southerners:‬‬

‫ھﻮ ھﻮاﯾﺎ طﯿﺐ وأﻧﺎ ﻛﻠﺶ أﺣﺒﮫ ﺑﺲ ﻻزم ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﯾﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻣﻨﻞ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺤﺴﺪوه وﯾﺴﻮوﻟﮫ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻨﺎ وﻣﻨﻨﺎ‪ .‬ﻻزم ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﻄﻨﻂ ل إﺷﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗﺠﯿﮫ وﯾﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪Reflexives‬‬
‫‪Iraqis use their own reflexive pronouns in parallel to the standard Arabic:‬‬

‫= ب ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ب رووح‬
‫‪MSA said in a dialect way‬‬ ‫)‪Iraqi ( more Moslawi‬‬

‫‪Bnafsi‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ‬ ‫‪bruuHi‬‬ ‫‪myself‬‬ ‫آﻧﻲ ﺑﺮووﺣﻲ رﺣﺖ‬

‫‪B?anfusna‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪BruuHna ourselves‬‬ ‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﺑﺮووﺣﻨﺎ رﺣﻨﺎ‬

‫‪Bnafsak‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ‬ ‫‪bruuHak‬‬ ‫‪yourself‬‬ ‫إﻧﺖ ﺑﺮووﺣﻚ رﺣﺖ‬

‫‪Bnafsich‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴـ‪‬‬ ‫‪bruuHich yourself‬‬ ‫إﻧﺖ ﺑﺮووﺣـ‪ ‬رﺣﺘﻲ‬
‫‪B?anfuskum‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻜﻢ‬ ‫‪bruuHkum yourselves‬‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻢ ﺑﺮووﺣﻜﻢ رﺣﺘﻢ‬

‫‪Bnafsa‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ‬ ‫‪bruuHa himself‬‬ ‫ھﻮ ﺑﺮووﺣﮫ راح‬

‫‪Bnafsha‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ‬ ‫‪bruuH-ha herself‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﺑﺮووﺣﮭﺎ راﺣﺖ‬
‫‪B?anfusihum‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﻢ‬ ‫ھﻢ ﺑﺮووﺣﮭﻢ راﺣﻮ ‪bruuH-hum themselves‬‬
‫ّ‬

‫) ‪alone by (myself‬‬ ‫‪by + myself‬‬ ‫‪personally‬‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺎ ً‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪي‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪي(‬ ‫ارووح ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻲ (‬ ‫أرووح‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺎ ً‬ ‫آﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪﻧﺎ‬ ‫)ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪﻧﺎ(‬ ‫ﻧﺮووح ﻟﮫ )ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ (‬ ‫ﻧـ‬ ‫إﺣﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪك‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪك (‬ ‫ﺗﺮووح ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ(‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫إﻧﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪك‬
‫ِ‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪ‪( ‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺣﻲ ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴـ‪(‬‬ ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫إﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪﻛﻢ‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪﻛﻢ(‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺣﻮو ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻜﻢ(‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫إﻧﺘﻢ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪه‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪه(‬ ‫ﯾﺮووح ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ(‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪھﺎ‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪھﺎ(‬ ‫ﺗﺮووح ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﺎ (‬ ‫ﺗـ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺣﺪم‬ ‫) ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪھﻢ (‬ ‫ﯾﺮﺣﻮو ﻟﮫ ) ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮭﻢ (‬ ‫ون‬ ‫ﯾـ‬ ‫ھﻢ‬
‫ّ‬

‫‪Practice:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ھﻮ ﺑﺮووﺣﮫ ﻻزم ﯾﺮووح ﻟﻠﺪاﯾﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ھﻮ ﻟﻮﺣﺪه راح ﯾﺮووح ﻟﻞ ﺷﺮطﺔ ‪ .‬وﻣﺎ ﻧﺮووح وﯾﺎه‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ھﻮ ﺑﻮﺣﺪه ﻻزم ﯾﺮووح ﯾﺘﻄﻮع‪.‬‬

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‫ إﻧﺘﻢ ﺑﺮووﺣﻜﻢ ﻻزم ﺗﺮﺣﻮون ﻟﻠﺪاﯾﺮة وﯾﻮﻗﻌﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬.5

.‫ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ھﻮ ﺻﻮ‬.6
.‫ ھﺬوﻟﮫ ﯾﺪﺧﻠﻮن ﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬.7
. ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺸﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﮭﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬.8
‫ ﺷﺎﯾﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬.9
Note: Do not confuse (nafas) with ( nafs) ‫ﻧﻔــﺲ‬
َ \ ‫ﻧﻔـــﺲ‬
ْ

1. la tkhash-khish nafsak bil maw-dhuu’a

‫ﻻ ﺗﺨﺸﺨﺶ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‬
Do not interfere.
2. hal shughul yinraad la nafas Taweel
‫ھﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ ﯾﻨﺮاد ﻟﮫ ﻧﻔﺲ طﻮﯾﻞ‬
This work needs patience.
3. sawaaha ‘ala fad nafas.
‫ﺳﻮاھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺪ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
He did it all in one time (uninterruptedly).

Adverbs of time
Learners often can not recognize the adverbs or (adverbials) of time in the
Iraqi dialect since they are not the ones that they learn in Standard Arabic. Adverbs of
time are important in that they help the speaker to conjugate the verb accordingly.

MSA ID

ً‫ﻏـﺪا‬ 
/Gadan/ /ba:t ir/ tomorrow

‫ﺑـﻌـﺪ ﻏــﺪ‬  \ 

/baa’id ba:t ir/ /a’ugba/ after tomorrow

‫أﻣـﺲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺒﺎرح‬
/?ams/ /mba:riH/ yesterday

‫اﻟـﻘـﺎدم‬ ‫ل ﺟــــﺎي‬
/?alqa:dim/ /?ald aj/ the next

‫اﻟـﻤـﺎﺿــﻲ‬ ‫ ل راﯾـﺢ‬، ‫ل ﻓﺎﯾﺖ‬

/?alma: I/ /?alra:jiH/ , / lfaayit/ last, ago
/ ? lfa:t/ or /lfa:yit / ago , Last
‫اﻻن‬ 
/?al ?a:n/ /has sa

ً‫ﺗﻮا‬ ‫ﺗﻮي \ ﺗﻮه\ اﺳﺘﻮة‬

/tau wan taw wa/ tawi/ istaw-wa just

‫ﻟﺤﺪ اﻵن‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ‬

/ LiHad dil ?a:n / /lihas sa/ so far, not yet

‫ﻻ زال‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪه‬

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/ la zaal / la jazaal / maa zaal ba’ada is still

‫ﻻ ﯾﺰال‬ ‫ھﺴﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ‬

Laa ya-zaal has-sa w ba-‘aid

Adverbs in sentences:

MSA ID

Maa zaal ba’ad + possessives

‫ﻻ زﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ still , not ….yet

.‫ﺑﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ راﯾﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﯿﺖ‬

Ba’aidnii ma raayiH lil beit. I haven’t gone home yet.

ً‫ﺳﺄراك ﻏـﺪا‬ ‫راح أﺷـﻮﻓـﻚ ﺑﺎﺟـﺮ‬

/ sa?ara:ka Gadan/ /ra:H ?a u:fak ba:tS ir/
I ‘ll see you tomorrow. I’ll see you tomorrow.

‫رأﯾـﺘـﮭـﺎ أﻣـﺲ‬ ‫ﻣـﺒــﺎرح‬

ِ ‫ﺷــﻔــﺘــﮭـﺎ‬
ِ ِ
/ra?ajtuha ?ams/ / ifitha mba:riH/
I saw her yesterday. I saw her yesterday.

‫اﻧـﺎ اﺷﺎھـﺪ اﻟﺘﻠـﻔـﺰﯾـﻮن‬ ‫د أ ﺑــﺎوع اﻟـﺘـﻠـﻔـﺰﯾـﻮن‬

/?ana: ?u a:hid ?al tilivizjo:n/ /da: ba:wia’ a’al tilivizjo:n/
I watch television I am watching television

Practice
. ‫ اﺟﯿﻚ‬ ‫ ھﺴﮫ اﻧﺎ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﻣﺎ‬.1
. ‫ اﻧﺖ ﻻزم إﻟﯿﻮم ﺗﺠﯿﻨﺎ‬. ‫ ﯾﻤﻚ‬ ‫ ﻣﺒﺎرح‬.2
.‫وول ﻟﻚ‬‫ﻧﺠﺎوﺑﻚ وﻧـ‬ ، ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬. ‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻲ اﻧـﺖ ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ ﻣﺎ إﻓﺘﮭﻤﺖ ﺷﻨﮭﻲ ال ﺳﺎﻟﻔﮫ‬.3
. ‫ ﺟﺎﯾﯿﻚ‬.4
.‫ اﻧﺎ ﯾﻤﻚ‬ .  ‫ ﻣﻮو‬.5
.‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬.. ‫ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ھﻲ ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺖ ﺑﺼﻒ‬ ‫ ل ﺟﺎدة اﻟﻠﻲ‬.6
.‫ دا أﻧﺘﻈﺮه ﻟﻲ ھﺴﮫ وﻣﺎ إﺟﺎﻧﺎ‬.7
. ‫ ﻓﺸﻮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻜﻢ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬... ‫ اﺳﺘﻮة اﺳﺘﻮى ال طﺒﯿﺦ‬.8

Adverbials of Manner
He will do it for you__________________ .

secretly ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه ﺟﻮه‬ ‫ﯾﺴﻮﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﻚ‬

silently ‫ﺑـ ﺳﻜﻮوﺗﻲ‬
forcefully ‫ﺑـ ﺣﯿﻞ ﺻﺪر‬
coercively ‫ﻏﺰﺑﺎ ً ﻋﻨﻚ‬
in a sneaky way ‫ﻛﻠﮭﺎ دﻓﻦ‬

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 too much hassle  ‫ﺑـ ﺷﻠﻌﺎن‬

easily ‫ﻤﺜل ﺸﺭﺏ ﺍل ﻤﺎﻱ‬
right and clean ‫ﻤﺜل ﺍل ﻭﺭﺩ‬
nothing spent on ‫ﻤﺎل ﻋﺸﺕ‬
silently ‫ﺴﻨﻁﺎﻭﻱ‬
not seriously ‫ﺒﻬﻭﻨﻁﺔ‬
 all at once    
directly ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻭل‬
little by little ‫ﻴﻭﺍﺵ ﻴﻭﺍﺵ‬
continuously without any stop ‫ﺟﺮة‬
ّ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺪ‬
too many times (he goes back and forth) ‫ﺧﺮي ﻣﺮي راﯾﺢ ﺟﺎي‬

Vocative Particles
In the Iraqi dialect speech people usually address each other by using the first
name of the addressee. In Standard Arabic, the vocative particle (Yaa)/ja:/ is used
before any name or names to be addressed, without any consideration to number or
gender. The Iraqi dialect uses (Yaa) /ja:/ for other purposes, however,(1)showing the
inferiority of the addressee, or (2) advising or blaming somebody for something s/he
has done. Here are examples.

Addressing each other

The Iraqi dialect has a different system of addressing people. If the name of
the addressee is known, you call him or her by his or her name when the person is
your age. If you know the profession or call him or her as you someone(man),
(woman).

MSA ID

‫ﯾـﺎ أﺣـﻤــﺪ‬ ‫اﺣـــﻤـﺪ‬

/ja: ?aHmad/ / ?aHmad/
‫ ﯾﺎ أﺳﺘﺎذ ؟‬، ‫ﯾﺎ رﺟﻞ‬
You ?ahmad, You someone(man), You teacher.

If the addressee is older, the speaker can use the neutral words (paternal- uncle),
(maternal-aunt) to call anybody in the street. Also for endearment, old people address
children by “ ‘ammo” to talk to.
This can be used by people of the opposite gender too.

. ‫ﻋـﻤـﻲ‬ . ‫ﻋـــﻤـﻮ‬
/a’ammi:/ /a’am/
Paternal uncle. Paternal uncle

‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻮ‬
/xa:li:/ /xalo/
maternal aunt maternal uncle

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Somebody of your age:

If you know the name, use the name.

‫أﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ راﯾﺢ إل ﯾﻮم؟‬ .. ‫أﺣﻤﺪ‬
If you know the son’s name then use Abu + son’s name.
Ahmed’s dad (father) ‫أﺑﻮ أﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ راﯾﺢ إل ﯾﻮم ؟‬ ..‫أﺑﻮ أﺣﻤﺪ‬

If the name is not known, the speaker can use the neutral words (brother), or (sister) to
call anybody of his /her age.

Us the word brother or sister:

‫ﯾـﺎ أﺧـﻲ‬ ، ‫أخ‬

/ja: ?axi/ , / ?ax/
Oh, brother. Brother.

‫ ﯾـﺎ أﺧـﺘـﻲ‬، ‫أﺧـﺖ‬

Oh, sister. Sister.

‫ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺑﺎب إل طﻮب ؟‬ ‫ ﺗﻌﺮف‬.. ‫ﺧﻮﯾﺎ‬

‫ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺑﺎب إل طﻮب ؟‬ ‫ُأﺧﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﯿﻦ‬
Blaming somebody:

. ‫ وﻻ ﺗﺒﺎزرﯾﻦ وﯾﺎي‬.. ‫ ف ﻻ ﺗﺠﺎدﻟﯿﻦ‬... ‫ ھﺎي إل ﺑﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﺎزة وﺳﻌﺮھﺎ رﺧﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﯾﺎ أﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻮ دا‬

People younger than you:

Younger : abu il shabaab ‫أﺑﻮ إل ﺷﺒﺎب‬

‫ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺑﺎب إل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ ؟‬ ‫اﺑﻮ ل ﺷﺒﺎب‬
Teens and younger:

Hab-baab ‫ﺣﺒﺎب‬
Hab-baaba ‫ﺣﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ﺑﺎب إل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ؟‬   ‫ﺣﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬

In the southern part of Iraq and Baghdad province, a religious masculine word
”Haaji”as masculine or feminine “Hajiiya” are used for unknown people over your
age.

.‫ وﯾﻦ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ ل ﺑﺎب ل ﺷﺮﺟﻲ‬، ‫ﺣﺠﻲ‬

‫ ﺷﺘﺮدﯾﻦ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ؟‬، ‫ﺣﺠﯿﮫ‬
Haaji, Where is "Bab al Sharji" located?

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( How can I get to "Bab al Sharji")?

Haajiya, what do you need to buy?

( How can I help you?)
“What do you want to buy?”

Other Practices:
The MSA use of /ja:/ has some social implications in the Iraqi dialect to :

(1) address an inferior:

. ‫ﺗـــﻌـﺎل ھـﻨـﺎ ﯾـﺎ وﻟـــﺪ‬

/ta’a:la lihna ja: walad/
Some use ( wilak) for male and ( wilich) for female to mean (Hay)
.‫وﻟﻚ ﯾﺎ وﻟﺪ ﺗﻌﺎل ھﻨﺎ‬
. ‫وﻟﺞ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻲ ھﻨﺎ‬

wilak(m.) versus wilich(f.) ‫وﻟﻚ \ وﻟﺞ‬

ّ
.‫ ﺗﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ وﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ‬. ‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻲ إﻧﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬.... ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬.. ‫وﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﻲ‬
Wilak ma tijii… ma tsallim ‘aleina .. gullii inta ma tistiHii ‘ala nafsak. Tmir minna
wma tsallim

Man…why didn’t you show up and say hi to us… aren’t you ashamed of what you
do…you pass by and do not say Hi to us.
. ‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻠﯿﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﺞ‬.. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺠﯿـﻦ‬... ‫وﻟﺞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﯿﻦ‬
Wilich ma tijein.. matiHchein.. gulliili ma tistaHein ‘ala nafsich
You lady.. why didn’t you show up and say hi to us… aren’t you ashamed of what you
do…you pass by and do not say hi to us.
(2) baaba :
Baaba shda dguul ?inta.. madaaftihim ‘aleik .‫ ﻣﺎ دأﻓﺘﮭﻢ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬.. ‫ إﻧﺖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺑﺎ ﺷﺪه‬
Man.. what are you saying.. I do not understand you.
yam’awwad.. ta’aal li hna wla tdiir baal .‫ وﻻ ﺗﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺎل ﻟﻲ ھﻨﺎ‬.. ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد‬
Man, come here and do not pay any attention (do not worry)

Possessive Pronouns (objective case):

The noun masculine (possessed) The noun feminine (possessed)

1st person : ( possessor)

Maalee ( Baghdadi- ma:lee) maalti/ maalaati (Baghdadi- ma:lti)

Maalna ( Baghdadi-ma:lna) maalitna/ maalaatna ( Baghdadi-ma:latna)

‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ \ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟﻨﺎ‬ َ -‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎ )ﺑﻐﺪادي‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎ ( \ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻨﺎ‬ ِ

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2nd person. ( possessor)

Maal-ak maaltak/ maalaatak

Maal-ich maaltich/ maalaatich
Mal-kum maalaatkum
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ َ
‫ﻣﺎﻻﺗـﻚ‬ َ
\ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻚ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎﻻﺗـﺞ‬
ِ \ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﺞ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟـﻜـﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺘﻜﻢ \ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻜـﻢ‬
َ

3rd person: (possessor)

Maa-la (Moslawi-maaltu) maalaata (Moslawi- maaltu/ maalaatu)
mal-ha maalaatha
maal-hum maalaathum( Southern- maalaathin)

‫ﻣﺎﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺘﮫ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﮫ‬

ِ
‫ﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺘﮭﺎ( \ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﮭﺎ‬
َ ) ‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺘﮭﺎ‬
ِ
‫ﻣﺎﻟﮭﻢ‬ َ
‫ﻣﺎﻟـﺘﮭﻢ \ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﮭﻢ \ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﮭﻢ‬
ِ

Practice:
hay il sayarta maltii . thiich maltak ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻚ‬‫ ذ‬.‫ھﺎي ل ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
This car is mine. That is yours.
thola malaati. Thaniich malaatku (m)(m.) . ‫ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻜﻢ‬‫ ذﻧﯿـ‬. ‫ذوﻟﮫ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻲ‬
These (m.) are mine. Those(m.) are yours(plural)
hay muu maaltii, maltak ‫ھﺎي ﻣﻮ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻚ‬
This or these (f.) are not mine. They are yours(singular. M.)
lbunduqiya haay malti jidiida w nathiifa hassa .‫ل ﺑﻨﺪﻗﯿﺔ ھﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة وﻧﻈﯿﻔﺔ ھﺴﮫ ﺟﺎﯾﺒﮭﺎ‬
jaayibha
This is my rifle –it- is new . I have just bought it.
.‫ ﺗﻌﺮف إل ﺳﯿﺎرة ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻚ راﯾﺤﺔ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ل ﻣﻜﯿﻨﺔ‬. ‫ﻣﺎ اﻗﺒﻞ أﺷﺘﺮي ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻚ‬
Ma ?aqbal ashtarii sayaartak. Ti’arif l sayaara maltak rayHa biiha l makiina.
I do not agree to buy your car . The engine in it is too old to work.
haay lgharadh muu maalaatna, haay maalatkum . ‫ھﺎي ل ﻏﺮاض ﻣﻮ ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻨﺎ ھﺎي ﻣﺎﻻﺗﻜﻢ‬
These things are not ours(plural. Plural). These are yours(plural.plural)

High Frequency Colloquial Iraqi

There are words and expressions which are very conversational, and learners
of the Iraqi dialect should learn them to establish social ties with the Iraqi members of
the society:

MSA ID

‫أﺳــﺮع‬
ِ ‫ﯾــﻠـــﮫ‬
ّ

/?asria’/ /jal la:/

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hurry up hurry up
yallah .. ya ikhwaan ma tijon . ‫ﯾﻠﻠﮫ ﯾﺎ اﺧﻮان ﻣﮫ ﺗﺠﻮون‬
You guys.. why don’t you come?

‫ﯾــﻤـﻜــﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑــﻠــﻜــﺖ‬
َ َ

/jumkin/ /balka t/
might be might be
balkit allah .. ninjaH . ‫ ﻧﻨﺠﺢ‬. ‫ﺑﻠﻜﺖ ﷲ‬
Might be .. we succeed

MSA ID
‫أﻧــﺖ‬
ِ ، ‫أﻧـﺖ‬
َ ‫وﻟـــــﺞ‬
ِ َ ِ *
، ‫وﻟـﻚ‬

/?inti/ , /?inta/ / ?wilitS/ , wilak/

You F. You M. You F. You M.

* do not use these

with somebody you
do not know.

‫ ﻟﯿﺶ ﺗﺤﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ورا ظﮭﺮي؟‬. ..‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﺠﻞ‬...‫وﻟﻚ اﻧﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ‬

Wilak inta ma tistaHii.. ma tikhjal.. leish tiHchi ‘alaya min wara Dhahrii
Aren’t you ashamed. Don’t be shy. Why would you back stab me?

MSA ID
‫ﻛــﺄﻧــﻚ‬
ِ َ ، ‫ﻛـﺄﻧــﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺟـــﻨـــــ‬
ِ ، ‫ﺟـــﻨـــﻚ‬
ََ

/ka?anaki/, /ka?anaki/ /ch an ich /, /ch an nik/

as if you were as if you were

.‫ إﻧـﺖ ﻧﺎﯾﻢ ورﺟﻠﯿﻚ ﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺲ‬.‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪري ﺷﺪا ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬

Channak ma tidrii shdaa ySiir . inta naayim wrijleik bish shamis
As if you did not know what is going on . “You are sleeping and your legs are in the
sun.”

‫ ﺗـــﻮﺟـــﺪ‬، ‫ﯾــــﻮﺟــﺪ‬ ‫أﻛـــﻮ‬

/tu:d ad/, /ju:d ad/ /?aku:/
there is (are) there is (are)

gulli aku findaq aw maT’aam bhal diira . ‫ اﻛو ﻓﻧدق أوﻣطﻌم ﺑﮭل دﯾرة‬
Can you tell me if there is any hotel or restaurant in this area?

‫ ﻻ ﺗــــﻮﺟـــﺪ‬، ‫ﻻ ﯾـﻮﺟــﺪ‬ ‫ﻣـﺎﻛـــﻮ‬

/la tu:d ad /, /la ju:d ad/ /ma:ku/
there is (are)not there is (are)not

Gulli maaku chaara lhal maraDh .‫ ﻟﮭﻞ ﻣﺮض‬ ‫ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‬

Is there any treatment (cure) for this disease?

‫ﻣﺎذا ﯾﺠﺮي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﻮ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‬

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/ma:th a jad3 ri/ /sh a:ku: w ma:ku:/

What is going on? What is up ?

maa ni’arif shaaku maaku bhal balad. ‫ ل ﻧﺎس ﺳﺎﻛﮫ ﻣﺎ‬. ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺮف ﺷﺎﻛﻮ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ ﺑﮭﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ‬
Lnaas saakta ma tiHchii
We do not know what is going on in this town. People are silent (not talking).

‫ﻟـﻢ ھـﺬا ؟‬
َ ‫ﺷــﺪﻋــﻮه‬
/lim ma ha: a/ / daa’wa/
why are you doing this? What for?

.‫ ﺷﻮف ﻋﺰﻣﺘﻮ ﻛﻞ ل ﻧﺎس وﻣﺎ دﻋﯿﺘﻮﻧﺎ ﻟﻞ ﻋﺰﯾﻤﺔ‬. ‫ ﺷﺪﻋﻮة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺨﺎﺑﺮﻧﺎ ﻟﻤﻦ إﺟﺎ ﻋﻤﻚ‬..‫ﯾﺎﺑﺎ‬
Yaaba .. shada’awa ma tkhaabirna liman ija ‘ammak. Shuuf ‘azamtuu kulil naas wma
da’aeituuna lil ‘aziima

Man .. why didn’t you call us when your uncle (from father’s side) . You have invited every body for
the meal but not us.
‫ﻣـﺎذا ﺣـﺪث ﻟﻚ‬ ‫ھﺎي ﺷـﺒـﯿﻚ ؟‬

/ma: a Hada a laka/ /ha:j bi:k/

Are you O.K.! What is wrong with you?

Haay shbiik.. janeit.. shSaarlak .‫ ﺷﺼﺎر ﻟﻚ‬. ‫ ﺟﻨﯿﺖ‬.. ‫ھﺎي ﺷﺒﯿﻚ‬

What is wrong with you… are you crazy.. what happens to you?

‫ﺻـﻮاﺑـــــﻚ ؟‬
َ َ ‫ھـﻞ ﻓـﻘــﺪ ت‬ ‫ﺗـﺨـﺒــﻠــﺖ‬
ِ ‫َ ﱠ‬
/hal faqad ta sawa:baka/ /txab ba:lit/
Are you crazy ? Are you crazy?

Gulli tkhabbalit .‫ ﺗﺨﺒﻠﺖ‬

To express surprise ‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ‬
’alweish ma jeit ! ‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ ﻣﺎ ﺟﯿﺖ ؟‬
Why don’t you come! ( a friendly blame)

‫ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻦ‬

Each / everybody
(‫ﺼﺘﻪ ) ﻗﺭﺼﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻦ ﯾﺤﻮد ال ﻧﺎر ل‬
Kulman (kilman) yHuud il naar l gurSta
Everybody directs fire to his loave to bake.
People are selfish. Everybody want things for himself/ herself

sh’abaalak . iHna filis filsein.. .‫ إﺣﻨﺎ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻓﻠﺴﯿﻦ‬. ‫ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻟﻚ‬

What do you think? Are we cheap (one penny or two pennies) ?
To express underestimation

shSaayir ‘aleikum shuuf matbaynuun .‫ ﺷﻮف ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﯿﻨﻮن‬. ‫ﺷﺼﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻜﻢ‬

What has become of you. We do not see you? (blame)

Billa ‘aleik .haay mamaqbuula minkum. .‫ ﺗﻤﺮون وﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﻮن ﯾﻤﻨﺎ‬. ‫ ھﺎي ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ‬. ‫ﺑﻠﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

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Tmiruun wma tijon yamna.

‫ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻠﻠﮫ‬
Smallah ‘aleik .Kaaf ma shaayifni gabil . .‫ ﺧﺎف ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﯾﻔﻨﻲ‬.‫إﺳﻤﻠﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬
Why are you staring at me . Haven’t you seen me before!
Express change of attitude

‫ ﻣﻮو ﺻﻮ‬‫ﺻﻮ‬

akhii Suuchi muu Suuchak . ‫ ﻣﻮ ﺻﻮ‬‫اﺧﻲ ﺻـ‬
It is my fault not yours
Blame oneself

‫ﺻﺎﯾﺮة ﻣﺘﻨﺠﺮع‬
lshaghla Saayra matinjiri’a . ‫ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺻﺎﯾﺮة ﻣﮫ ﺗﻨﺠﺮع‬
It is becoming too hard / it sucks
Inconvenient

‫ﻣﺎﺧﺬھﺎ ﺟﺘﺔ‬
inta maakhithha chata . ‫إﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﺧﺬھﺎ ﺟﺘﺔ‬
َ
You are just not doing it as it should be
Not following the rules

‫ھﻮﺳﺔ ﺑﮭﻮﺳﺔ‬
hosa b hosa ‫ﺻﺎﯾﺮة ھﻮﺳﺔ ب ھﻮﺳﺔ‬
It is a commotion
Chaotic

‫ط‬
mnein jatiina hat Tirgaa’a ‫ﻣﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﺘﯿﻨﺎ ھﻞ ط‬

Where did this crisis come from?

Crisis

‫ﻓﺎﺷﻮوﺷﻲ‬
Tila’a fashuushi ‫طﻠﻊ ﻓﺎﺷﻮﺷﻲ‬
It (m.) comes out ineffective/ weak
Ineffective/ weak

‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻲ ﺧﯿﺮ‬
ma bii kheir ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻲ ﺧﯿﺮ‬
Nothing comes out of it. It is fruitless
Useless

‫ﺑﻮا‬
Tila’a bawaag ‫طﻠﻊ ﺑﻮا‬
He was a thief
Embezzler, stealer

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‫ﺗﺰوﯾﺮ‬
haatha tazwiir ‫ھﺬا ﺗﺰوﯾﺮ‬
This is fake, counterfeit, forgery
Forgery


shaghlat qachaghchiya  ‫ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
This is a work of smugglers
Illegality

‫ﻛﻼوات‬
maa tia’bir a’leina l lklaawaat ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ ھﻞ ﻛﻼوات‬
We are aware of your tricks

khaliiha ‘alaHsaabii ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻲ‬

I will pay , leave it at my expensive

zihgaan ruuHi Taal’a hal yom. ‫ رووﺣﻲ طﺎﻟﻌﮫ ھﻞ ﯾﻮم‬

too upset today

khaliiha ‘ala laah ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻞ ﷲ‬

God will solve it

ba’aid wagit  ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬

It is early

maalha lizuum ‫ﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﺰوم‬

You needn’t do that

‘aaash min shaafak ‫ﻋﺎش ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻓﻚ‬

The one who sees you lives
we missed you

waHHa-shitna ‫وﺣﺸﺘﻨﺎ‬
We did not see for so long
Nice to see you back

aieib ‘aleik ‫ﻋﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

Shame on you

qaabil ghishma ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻏﺸﻤﮫ‬

Are we naive?

minuu abul baachir  ‫ﻣﻨﻮ اﺑﻮل‬

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Future is unpredictable. ( idiom)

laa tfakkir ilha mudabir ‫ﻻ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﻋﺪھﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ‬

Don’t worry

thaabha ‘aal SaTuur ‫ذاﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻞ ﺳﺎطﻮر‬

He does not care, you are risky

min hassa w raayiH ‫ﻣﻦ ھﺴﮫ وراﯾﺢ‬

From now on

‘ala fikra ‫ﻋﻠﮫ ﻓﻜﺮة‬

By the way

maashil Haal ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻲ ل ﺣﺎل‬

Everything is fine

daa tingadhi ‫ﺿﻲ‬ ‫دا‬

Not too bad

qaabil farhuud ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﺮھﻮد‬

You need to be serious, you are responsible.

shighlak SigaT ‫ط‬‫ﺷﻐﻠﻚ ﺳـ‬

Sloppy not right

’aindii Hasaasiya mnil beiDh ‫ﻋﻨﺪي ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺑﯿﺾ‬

I am allergic to eggs

?aani Haas ‫آﻧﻲ ﺣﺎس‬

I feel

?aani Hasaas ‫آﻧﻲ ﺣﺴﺎس‬

I am sensitive

raaH “asisakil SubiH ‫راح أﺣﺴﺴﻚ إل ﺻﺒﺢ‬

I will wake you up in the morning

laa tHasisni l SubiH maa raayiH lil shughul  ‫ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴﺴﻨﻲ إل ﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺎ راﯾﺢ ﻟﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ‬
Do not wake me up , I am not going to work tomorrow.

hal ‘aifTi laa dTSadga ‫ﺗﺻد‬‫ھل ﻋﻔطﻲ ﻻ‬

Do not trust this jerk

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kul maani’a kheir ‫ﻛل ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺧﯾر‬

Whatever happens is to your good.

kheirha bgheirha ‫ﺧﯾرھﺎ ب ﻏﯾرھﺎ‬

Do not get upset, you’ll find a better one (chance).
Be hopeful.

latraawisha (‫ﻻ ﺗﺮاوﺳﮭﺎ ) ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪﻟﮭﺎ‬

Do not justify that/ Do not straighten it up

When you greet somebody working

allah ysaa’adak ‫ﷲ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪك‬

Reply
allah ysa’adak.. shluunkum ‫ ﺷﻠﻮﻧﻜﻢ ؟‬. ‫ﷲ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪك‬

To inform that somebody passed away

allah nTaak ‘aumra . ‫ﷲ إﻧﻄﺎك ﻋﻤﺮه‬

(something) Unexpected to happen

la ‘al baal wala ‘aal khaal .‫ﻻ ﻋﻞ ﺑﺎل وﻻ ﺑﻞ ﺧﺎل‬
It just happened.

Cannot be compared/ mismatching

inta wein w huwa wein !  ‫ وھﻮ‬ ‫إﻧﺖ‬
incomparable.

Somebody completely off track

l’arab wein wil Tanbuura wein  ‫ ول طﻤﺒﻮرة‬‫ال ﻋﺮب‬

When the boss is disloyal to his job and he embezzles

Hameeha Harameeha .‫ﺣﺎﻣﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﺮاﻣﯿﮭﺎ‬

Compromise / no extremes
laa hiich wlaa hiich ‫ وﻻ ھﻲ‬‫ﻻ ھﻲ‬

no other choice
min laa chaara  ‫ﻣﻦ ﻻ‬

Don’t mess up (with the computer)

(Do not finger it)
laa tba’abiSil Kumpyuuter (‫ﻻ ﺗﺒﻌﺒﺺ )إل ﻛﻮﻣﺒﻮﺗﺮ‬

He is elusive( He does and runs)

ysaw wi wyishlaa’ha ‫ﯾﺴﻮي وﯾﺸﻠﻌﮭﺎ‬

He is mute but dangerous

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saakit wSanTa ma yiHchii ‫ﺳﺎﻛﺖ وﺻﻨﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ‬

As it is (with its defects)

’ala zgaaTha ‫طﮭﺎ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ ز‬

Run, the police are here

jattiil shurTa …?ishla’a ‫ إﺷﻠﻊ‬، ‫ إل ﺷﺮطﺔ‬

Things are deteriorating

alimuur daach –cha ّ َ ‫ب ﻓﺪ‬ ‫ل إﻣﻮر‬
‫ﻣـﺮه‬

I’ll put you in trouble

tara awad-diik bdaahiya ‫ﺗﺮى اودﯾﻚ ب داھﯿﺔ‬

Two sided / double standard

wichu w gifa 

Extra/ additional
‘awaaza ‫ﺗرﯾد ﻋوازة‬

It has twofold benefits

ham naan w ham darman 

Chest medicine ( a type of juice like chamomiles, or boiled turnips)

darmaan il Sadir ‫درﻣﺎن إل ﺻﺪر‬

Do not take extremes

la sheesh wla kabaab ‫ﻻ ﺷﯿﺶ وﻻ ﻛﺒﺎب‬

I lost my patience
waaSla lii khashmi ‫واﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻲ ﺧﺸﻤﻲ‬
It has reached the tip of my nose
Good for him \ he is fortunate
’aawaafi li yjiib duu shaha ‫ﻋﻮاﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺠﯿﺐ دوو ﺷﺶ‬

Go slowly and do it step by step

yawaash yawaash ‘ala mahlak wiyaana ‫ﯾﻮاش ﯾﻮاش ﻋﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻚ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬

Go to hell
diruuH shamrat mardi ‫درووح ﺷﻤﺮة ﻣﺮدي‬

It cannot be
diruuH muut ‫درووح ﻣﻮوت‬

Lives luxuriously/ not tight

haatha baTraan ‫ھﺬا ﺑﻄﺮان‬

He thinks he is too much, self- conceited

shaayif nafsa ‫ﺷﺎﯾﻒ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬

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Generous
mardaana ‫ﻣﺮداﻧﮫ‬

Childish/ work of kids

shighil maz’aTa( za’aaTiiT) (‫ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺰﻋﻄﺔ )زﻋﺎطﯿﻂ‬

Too hungry
hilkaan ju’aan ‫ھﻠﻜﺎن ﺟﻮع‬

Too tired / exhausted

ta’abaanii halkaaniin ‫ﺗﻌﺒﺎﻧﯿﻦ ھﻠﻜﺎﻧﯿﻦ‬

Too much hungry

ju’aaniin rabna Taayir ‫ﺟﻮﻋﺎﻧﯿﻦ رﺑﻨﺎ طﺎﯾﺮ‬

God never forgives them ( they did not do anything good for us yet)
minallah yTiiH Hadh-aa (‫ﻣﻦ ﷲ ﯾﻄﯿﺢ ﺣﻈﮭﻢ ) ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮو إﻟﻨﺎ ﺷﻲ ﯾﺴﻮه ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ‬

Yet, until now

liiHassa ‫ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ‬

liihassa ma Tila’a shii zein minhum ilna ‫ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ إﻟﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮭﺴﮫ ﻣﺎ طﻠﻊ ﺷﻲ‬

Coming back to where (they, he , she) used to do / people hardly change

Haliima rij’aat l’aadatiha al qadiima ‫ﺣﻠﯿﻤﮫ رﺟﻌﺖ اﻟﻰ ﻋﺎدﺗﮭﺎ إل ﻗﺪﯾﻤﺔ‬

You were doing good why do you now mess up

muu chinit zein ‘alweish hassa gimmit tkharbiT ‫ دﺧﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ ھﺴﮫ‬‫ﻣﻮو‬

This is missing up
haay kharaabiiT ‫ھﺎي ﺧﺮاﺑﯿﻂ‬

idiots
mashkhuuT/ mashaakhiiT ‫ﻣﺸﺨﻮط \ ﻣﺸﺎﺧﯿﻂ‬
It was good to deal with smart people, how will it be with the crazies?
yallah yallah wiyal ‘aiqaal, hassa wiyal makhaabiil ‫ھﺴﮫ وﯾﺎ ل ﻣﺨﺎﺑﯿﻞ‬ ، ‫ﯾﻠﻠﮫ ﯾﻠﻠﮫ وﯾﺎ ل ﻋﻘﺎل‬

They are relaxed and talk with confidence

mitrahaayiin ‫ﻣﺘﺮھﺎﯾﻦ‬

the one who never follows rules and obey the law
mistah-tir ‫ﻣﺴﺘﮭﺘﺮ‬

Not because they like us / it is for their interests

muu ‘ala sawwad ‘ayuunna ‫ﻣﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮاد ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻨﺎ‬

You are selling very expensively ... a double price

intuu dbii’auun ghaali…ilqaaT qaaTein ‫ إﻟﻘﺎط ﻗﺎطﯿﻦ‬. ‫إﻧﺘﻮ دا دﺑﯿﻌﻮن ﻏﺎﻟﻲ‬

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You look neat in your suit

Taali’a Hulu bil qaaT (‫طﺎﻟﻊ ﺣﻠﻮ ﺑﻞ ﻗﺎط ) ﺑﺪﻟﺔ‬

Tabuur ‫طﺎﺑﻮر‬
column, line, convoy

fad waaHid ybiyidhil wajih ‫ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﯾﺒﯿﺾ إل وﺟﮫ‬

“someone that whitens faces”
He is a good man and talented

Min allah ySakh-khim wicha  ‫ﻣﻦ ﷲ ﯾﺼﺨﻤﻦ‬

“God blacken his face”
He does wrong things

Da yil’ab shaaTi baaTi ‫ده ﯾﻠﻌﺐ ﺷﺎطﻲ ﺑﺎطﻲ‬

He is doing what he wants

raaH tiqbal ghazban ‘an khashmak ‫ ( ﺧﺰﺑﺎ ً ﻋﻦ ﺧﺸﻤﻚ‬) ‫راح ﺗﻘﺒﻞ‬

You will, willy nilly, accept it

Ti’arif ?iHna Ma msayabiin ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف إﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ‬

You know, we are not left alone
We have people supporting us

Yistikhdim wdhiifta lmaSaaliH-ha il shakhSiya ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم وظﯿﻔﺘﮫ ل ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﮫ إل ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬

He is using his position for his personal interests

‫ﺷﻤﺮة ﻣﺮدي‬
Shamrat mardi
Go to hell
‫ﺷﻤﺮة ﻋﺼﺎ‬
Shamrat ‘aSa
Not far
_____________ ‫آﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻮازي‬
______( ‫) ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﺮ‬
?aani mitwaazi __________
‘ala ?ahar mnil jamir ___
I am excited to_____
‫ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻋﻘﻞ إل ﺻﺨﻠﺔ‬، ‫طﻮل طﻮل إل ﻧﺨﻠﺔ‬
Tuul Tuul il nakhla, “aqil “aqilil Sakhla (Sakhra)
“Tall as a palm tree, mind as a goat”
tall, but dum
‫ﺻﺎﻓﯿﺔ داﻓﯿﺔ‬
Saafya Daafya
“It is clear and cozy”
It makes no money
‫ﻣﺒﯿﺘﺔ‬
ّ ‫إل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
Il shaghla mbayita
It is deliberate (already schemed)

‫ ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪ ﺑﻜﯿﻔﮫ‬. ‫ﺻﺎﯾﺮه ﻓﺮھﻮد‬

Saayra farhuud. Kul waaHid bkeifa.

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It is anarchy (chaos) No law. Everybody is doing what he likes.

‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮر دا رﯾﺪ ارووح ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻓﻖ‬

maH-Suur da riid aruuH lil maraafiq.
I am very uncomfortable ( squeezed). I need to go to the restroom (to piss).

. ‫ﻀﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻲ واﺟﯿﻚ‬ ‫ارﯾﺪ‬

Ariid agdhi Hajtii w ajii.
I need to finish my need and come to you.
I want to go to the restroom and come back. ( this is a big one)

‫ ﻤﻨﻙ‬
 Waagfa minnak tguul hiichi. ( idiom)
It is inappropriate that you said so.

The car is parked .  ‫ ال ﺳﯿﺎرة‬.1

The ship is anchored . ‫ ال ﺳﻔﯿﻨﺔ‬.2
I am standing . .  ‫ اﻧﺎ‬.3
it is slow .  ‫ ال ﺷﻐﻞ‬.4
the engine does not work  ‫ ال ﻣﺤﺮك‬.5

Expressing Sorrow

Yaa Husaafa = Alas ‫ﯾﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﻓﻰ‬

Haraam ‘ale:k = You need not (do that)  ‫ﺣﺮام‬
Haraamaat = It is a waste ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﺎت‬
He:f (in) ‘ale: = You feel sorry for (to) losing ‫ ﻋﻞ‬
RaaH hadir = not used wisely, is wasted, went unused wisely ‫راح ھﺪر‬

IDIOMS
Idiomatic expression

Jild = skin 

Jilida yruuH lil dab-baagh 
“His skin will be taken to a tannery”

He will be severely punished (will be tortured as a punishment).

They will give him hard time.

‘arabaana = cart, carriage ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺎﻧﺔ‬

Jir ‘arabantak minna w ruuH ‫ﺟﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﺎﻧﺘﻚ ﻣﻨﮭﻨﺎ ) ﻣﻨﺎﻧﺎ( ورووح‬

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“take your carriage from here and go”

Please, leave me alone ( usually you say it in a sarcastic way.)

‘aeib = shame ‫ﻋﯿﺐ‬

Haatha ‘aeib ‫ھﺬا ﻋﯿﺐ‬
Do not do that.

Rijileih = his legs ‫رﺟﻠﯿﮫ‬

iideih = his hands ‫اﯾﺪﯾﮫ‬

Ija iideih aTwal min rijleih ‫إﺟﺎ رﺟﻠﯿﮫ اطﻮل ﻣﻦ اﯾﺪﯾﮫ‬

He visits us and with nothing in his hands.
When you visit with empty hands ( you take nothing to the host’s family)

Kubuz = bread ‫ﺧﺒﺰ‬

ّ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
Ma ywakil khubuz ‫ﯾﻮﻛﻞ ﺧﺒﺰ‬
It does not feed bread
It is not worth it.

Timshii = it walks ‫ﺗﻤﺸﻲ‬

ma da timsheii il shaghla. ‫ﻣﺎ َد ﺗﻤﺸﻲ ال ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
It does not work.

Bismaar = nail ‫ﺑﺴﻤﺎر‬

Daa ydig basaamiir ‫) ﯾدق ( ﺑﺴﻤﺎر‬ ‫د ا‬
He is hammering nails
He is ironic

Yithrim = cut into small pieces / mince ‫ﯾﺜﺮم‬

Da yithrim thuum ( buSal ) braasna ‫دا ﯾﺜﺮم ) ﺑﺼﻞ ( ﺛﻮم ﺑﺮاﺳﻨﺎ‬

He is mincing garlic ( onion) on our head.
He is saying nothing new.

Diin = religion ‫دﯾﻦ‬

Biya deen haay tSiir. ‫ﺑﯿﺎ دﯾﻦ ھﺎي ﺗﺼﯿﺮ‬

Which law justifies that (it)?

Yinjiri’a = dose it ‫ﯾﻨﺠﺮع‬

Ma yinjiri’a ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺠﺮع‬

You cannot dose it.
I cannot accept ( him).
I cannot deal with him.

Nabadh = pulse/ beatings of the heart ‫ﻧﺒﺾ‬

Da yjis sil nabadh ‫دا ﯾﺠﺲ ﻧﺒﺾ‬

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He is measuring the pulse

He wants to see the reaction.

Watar = string ‫وﺗﺮ‬

Da ydig ‘aal watar il hassaas. ‫ ( ﻋﻞ ال وﺗﺮ ال ﺣﺴﺎس‬) ‫دا ﯾﺪق‬
He is touching hot issues.

Yaa leil = oh night ‫ﯾﺎ ﻟﯿﻞ‬

Raah tSiiH ya leil ‫راح ﺗﺼﯿﺢ ﯾﺎ ﻟﯿﻞ‬
You will shout “ ya leil”
You will suffer

‘ayaaT = cry, scream ‫ﻋﯿﺎط‬

raaH tisma’ il ‘ayaaT taalii bil leil ‫راح ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ال ﻋﯿﺎط ﺑﻞ ﻟﯿﻞ‬
At the end they will mess up with each other.

Dag-ga = knock ( ‫) دﻗﺔ‬ 

Haay muu khosh dagga minak ‫ ﻣﻨﻚ‬‫ش‬‫ھﺎي ﻣﻮو ﺧـ‬

This is a dirty trick from you.

Raas = head ‫راس‬

HaayiT = wall ‫ﺣﺎﯾﻂ‬

RuuH idhrib raasak bil HaayiT ‫ راﺳﻚ ﺑﻞ ﺣﺎﯾﻂ‬ ‫رووح‬

You go and hit ( hammer) your head with the wall

Dag 
Rijl ‫رﺟﻞ‬
Gaa’a 
Dag rijla bilgaa’a wgaal il-la ________ ‫ إﻻ‬‫ و‬ ‫ رﺟﻞ ﺑﻞ‬
He insists (ed) that he ___________________

Dabash = ( sticky molasses) ‫دﺑﺶ‬

raaH agbidh dabash ‫ض ) اﻗﺑض ( دﺑﺶ‬‫راح ا‬
I will get back nothing .

Yinsilig (k) = be boiled ( ‫ ) ﯾﻨﺴﻠﻖ‬‫ﯾﻧﺳﻠـ‬

raaH yinsilig abu abuuna ‫اﺑﻮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬ ‫راح ﯾﻨﺴﻠـ‬
Our father will be boiled.

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We will have hard time.

Warid = flower ‫ورد‬

raaH asawii-ha mithlil warid. ‫راح اﺳﻮﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ال ورد‬
I can do it very professionally and clean.

Shakuu ‫ﺷﻜﻮ‬
‘aleik ‫ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬
Shaku ‘ale:k ‘am-mii ‫ﺷﻜﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﻋﻤﻲ‬
Note : You can find other idioms under various headings as messages rather than
words and expressions in the next sections of the book.

Khalig ( khalag) = mere , only , lowly 

Hu-wa khalig niSraanii ‫ﻨﺼﺭﺍﻨﻲ‬

He is only (mere) a Christian. ( He is not that important guy that you think .)

Kulug : 
Maa ilii khulgak .  ‫ﻤﺎ ﺇﻟﻲ‬
I do not have the patience to bear you.
I do not want to dialogue with you.

Fugur = poverty, jinx ‫ﻓﻘﺮ‬

Inta kullak fugur. ‫إﻧﺘﮫ ﻛﻠﻠﻚ ﻓﻘﺮ‬

You are a jinx . You bring the bad luck.

giS-Sa = forehead ‫ــﺼﺔ‬

giS-Sitak kheir ‫ــﺼﺔ‬

GiSitak kheir .  ‫ــﺼﺘﻚ‬
You bring the good luck

Rijil = leg ‫رﺟﻞ‬

Rijlak khe:r  ‫رﺟﻠﻚ‬

Your leg is ‘grace’.
You bring a good luck.

‘ayuun = eyes

Min ‘ayuun ____Matti _________. ... ‫ ﻣﺘﻲ‬.... ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻚ‬

From the eyes of __Matti ___________.
I promise a good luck by mentioning you.

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Khayaal = shadow ‫ﺧﯿﺎل‬

minkhayaala ‫ﯾﺨﺎف ﻣﻦ ﺧﯿﺎﻟﮫ‬

He is afraid of his shadow
He lacks courage to do things.
He does not try to innovate on his own

maHbas = ring ‫ﻣﺤﺒﺲ‬

Mithil il maHbas beidha = he is like a ring in her hand ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ال ﻣﺤﺒﺲ ﺑﯿﺪھﺎ‬
He has no character ( personality)

Po:T = dignity, pride ‫ﻁ‬

Yiksir po:Ta = to break his pride ( morale) ‫ﻁﻪ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﺴﺮ‬

Maal ‘aisht = does not want to spend a penny, he only thanks you ‫ﻣﺎل ال ﻋﺸﺖ‬
Haatha maalil ‘aisht = you’ll spend on him ‫ھﺬا ﻣﺎل ال ﻋﺸﺖ‬

HaaSil FaaSil = all in all ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬

Yakhuthha HaaSil FaaSil = he monopolizes the situation ‫ﯾﺎﺧﺬھﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬

Tawakhit-ha ‫طﻮﺧﺘﮭﺎ‬
You over do it . It is too much . I lost the patience.

Nizal = went down ‫ﻧﺰل‬

Hadir = steep ‫ﺣﺪر‬
Nizal biihum Hadir ze:n = he criticized them severely . ‫ﻧﺰل ﺑﯿﮭﻢ ﺣﺪر‬

Tal’a = uphill ‫طﻠﻌﺔ‬

Tila’a Tal-‘a kullish qa-wiya = He said something that no body dares to say.
‫طﻠﻊ طﻠﻌﺔ ﻗﻮﯾﺔ‬
Saarat = became ‫ﺻﺎرت‬
hariisa = too much boiled ‫ھﺮﯾﺴﺔ‬
Saarat hariisa = it is over rehearsed and repeated ‫ﺻﺎرت ھﺮﯾﺴﺔ‬

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Social Discourse
Notional & Functional Expressions mixed with Discourse:
People can communicate through language forms to express certain concepts , thoughts, and
notions. Some linguists think that learning those forms, enables learners to use them for a range of
social purposes such as how to welcome people, to apologize, to ask for permission, to agree, to refuse,
to promise….etc. They need only to discover when to use them and for what. I tried my best in here to
put them together for that purpose.
In culture, the tone, intonation, body language, language portions, and turns of language
exchanges go under sociolinguistic studies, a study that one day will make them easier to learn through
contexts captured in videos.

1. Greeting Somebody

Religious expressions

assalaamu ‘aleikum . ‫اﻟﺳﻼم ﻋﻠﯾﻛم‬

Reply:
(‫) ورﺣﻣﺔ ﷲ وﺑرﻛﺎﺗﮫ‬. ‫ﻋﻠﯾﻛم اﻟﺳﻼم‬
‘aleikumul salaam. waraHmatul laahi wabarakaatuhu

More Neutral

marHaba (n) ‫ﻣرﺣﺑﺎ‬

Reply:

ahlan wasahlan . ً‫اھﻼ ً وﺳﮭﻼ‬

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Greeting Acccording to time

Sabahul khaeir ‫ﺻﺑﺎح اﻟﺧﯾر‬

Reply

ً‫ اھﻼً وﺳﮭﻼ‬. ‫ﺻﺑﺎح اﻟﻧور‬

sabaHul nuur. Ahlan wasahlan
(from early morning – 1 p.m.)

‫ﻣﺳﺎء اﻟﺧﯾر‬
Masaa?il kheir
Reply
ً‫ اھﻼً وﺳﮭﻼ‬. ‫ﻣﺳﺎء اﻟﻧور‬
Masaa?il nuur . ahlan wasahlan
(from 1-p.m. to time you sleep)

When somebody goes to sit . people will wait for him to sit. Then everybody will
say:
‫ﷲ ﺑل ﺧﯾر‬
Allah bil kheir
Literal : God in Grace = You are welcome
He answers the same. This is found only among men.

Reply
ً
‫ آﻏﺎﺗﻲ‬.... ‫ ﺷﻛرا‬.... ‫ﷲ ﺑل ﺧﯾر‬
Allh bilk heir …..Aghaati …. shukran

2. Greet people as visitors

.. ‫ ھﻼ ﺑﯾﻛم‬.1
. Halabiikum
1.Welcome
... ‫ و ﻣﯾت ﻣرﺣﺑﺎ ﺑﯾﻛم‬.. ‫ ) ﯾﺎ ( ﻣﯾت ھﻼ‬.2
Yaa miit hala wmiit marHaba biikum
2. “hundred times greetings… and hundred times welcome”
Glad to see you

... (‫ ﺷرﻓـﺗوﻧﺎ ) ﺷرﻓﺗﻣوﻧﺎ‬.... ‫ھﻼ ﻋﯾوﻧﻲ‬.. ‫ ھﻼ‬.3

.... ‫ﺗﺷرﻓﻧﺎ‬

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Hala ‘ayuuni .. sharaftuuna

tshar-rafna
3. Welcome .. my eyes…our honor to have you
It is honor to have you
...... ‫ إﻟﻧﺎ اﻟﺷرف اﻧﺗو وﯾﺎﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬.4
Ilna sh sharaf intuu wiyaana
4. We have the honor of you being with us

‫ ھﻠﮫ ﺑـ ﺟﯾﺗﻛم‬... ‫ ھﻠﮫ ﺑﺟﯾﺗك‬.5

Hala bijaytak….hala bjay yatkum
5.“Welcome to your visit”
It is nice of you to drop by

..... ‫ إﻟﻧﺎ ل ﺷرف ﺑـ ﺷوﻓﺗﻛم‬.6

Ilna sh sharaf bshofatkum
6. It is our honor seeing you

..... ‫ ﺗﺷرﻓﻧﺎ ﺑـ ﻣﻌرﻓﺗﻛم‬.7

Ilna sh sharaf bma’arifatkum
7. “We have the honor to know you”

.... ( ‫ ﻓرﺻﺔ ﺳﻌﯾدة ﺑـ ﺷوﻓﺗﻛم ) ﺑـ ﻣﻌرﻓﺗﻛم ( ) ﺑـ زﯾﺎرﺗﻛم إﻟﻧﺎ‬.8

firSa sa’aiida bshofatkum (bma’arifatkum) (bziyaaratkum)
8. It is a good opportunity to see you(know you)(drop by)
It is nice to see you.

3. Leave taking Expressions

A Good bye expressions

1. femanilla or themanilla
‫ ﻓﯿﻤﺎﻧﻠﻠﮫ \ ﺛﯿﻤﺎﻧﻠﻠﮫ‬.1
Good by “ in safety of God”

2. allah wiyaak(um) ma’asalaama

.‫ ﷲ وﯾﺎﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬.2
Good by “ God be with you”

3. lo Taabak ‘aawid” ‫ ﻋﺎود‬، ‫ ﻟﻮ طﺎﺑﻠﻚ‬. 3

if you like, come back

‫ إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ راح ﻧﺘﺸﺎوف‬.4

4. ?insha?allah raaH natashaawaf
“ If God wish we will meet”
I’ll see you later
‫ راح أﺟﯿﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ‬.5
5. RaaH ?ajiik ‘an qariib

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“I’ll drop by soon”

I’ll see you soon

4. “Thank you” expressions

(Gratitude)
(‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻢ اﻟﺸﻜﺮ ) اﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮﻧﯿﺔ‬

mamnuun minnak ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮن ﻣﻨﻚ‬

I am grateful to you

ashkurak yaa ?akhee ‫اﺷﻜﺮك أﺧﻲ‬

Thank you

maaku beinaatna shakliyaat ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﺷﻜﻠﯿﺎت‬

No formalities between us

iHna ‘aa?ila wiHda ‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة‬

We are one family

maaku ay fariq beinaatna ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻮ أي ﻓﺮق ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬

We are one. “no difference between us”
You are at home
________________ ‫ﻋﺎﺷﺖ إل أﯾﺎدي‬
‘aashatil ?ayaadi__________
“long live the hands”
Thank you for what you did

5. “Congratulation” Expression
‫ﺗﮭﺎﻧﻲ‬
mabruuk (‘aleik) (‫ﻣﺒﺮووك )ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬
mabruuk zawaajak(wedding) (‫ﻣﺒﺮووك زواﺟﻚ )ﻋﺮﺳﻚ‬
mabruuk sayaartak (car) ‫ﻣﺒﺮووك ﺳﯿﺎرﺗﻚ‬
mabruuk takharujak( graduation) ‫ﻣﺒﺮووك ﺗﺨﺮﺟﻚ‬
mabruuk beitak il jaded (new house) ‫ﻣﺒﺮووك ﺑﯿﺘﻚ ل ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬

Tahaaniina ‘ala ______ najaaHak (success) (‫ﺗﮭﺎﻧﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﻞ )ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻚ‬

l fawz (win) ( ‫) ﻓﻮز‬
l nataa?ij illi jibitha (results achieved) (‫)ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺟﺒﺘﮫ‬

we congratulate you of your success. . ‫ﻧﮭﻨﯿﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺠﺎﺣﻚ‬

salamtak ___________ Tili’ait mnil mustashfa ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻚ طﻠﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬

coming out of hospital
salaamaat __________ rijuu’aak mnil jaysh ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺎت رﺟﻮﻋﻚ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺟﯿﺶ‬
Coming back from military duty

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(shifnaak) ( jeit) --------bil salaaama . ‫)ﺷﻔﻨﺎك( )ﺟﯿﺖ( ﺑﻞ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬

Coming back safely

FiriHna kthiir _________________ (b shoftak) . ‫ﻓﺮﺣﻨﺎ ﻛﺜﯿﺮ ب ﺷﻮﻓﺘﻚ‬

glad to see you

6. Titles to show respect

‫ اﺳﺗﺎذ‬، ‫ دﻛﺗور‬.... ‫ ﺣﺿرة اﻟـ‬.1
1. Hdhrat til (daktuur…, ?ustaath)
Mr. ( doctor , teacher)
‫ ﺳﻌﺎدة ال ﻗﺎﺋﻣﻘﺎم \ ﻣدﯾر ﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬.2
2. sa’aadatil qaa?immaqaam
His Excellency (man d’Estate - City ’s mayor/ Director of the town – town’s
mayor)

‫ ﺳﯾﺎدة \ ال ﻗﺎﺿﻲ \ ال وزﯾر\ ال رﺋﯾس‬.3

3. siyaadatil qaadhi / ?alwaziir/ ?al ra?iis
Mr. (Judge, Minister, President)
‫ ال اب \ ال اﺳﺗﺎذ \ ال ﻓﺎﺿل‬.4
4. ?al ?ab / ?al ?ustaath/ ?al faadhil
Father, Rabbi, teacher, reverened

‫ ﻓﺧﺎﻣﺔ ال ﻣﻠك \ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ال ﻣﻠك \ وﻟﻲ ال ﻋﮭد‬.5

5. fakhaamat ik malik / jalaalat il malik/ wali- yil ‘aahd
His Majesty King __/ His Majesty King ___ The Crowned Prince
(‫ ﺳﻣﺎﺣﺔ اﻻﻣﺎم )اﻟﺷﯾﺦ‬.6
6. samaaHat il im-maam ( alshe:kh) _________
The reverent Imam or she:kh ________________

7. Introducing people

_______‫ أﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ ﺣﻀﺮة ال‬.1

1. ?aqad-dimlak Hadhrat il __________
May I introduce Mr. ___________
___________ ‫ أﻗﺪم ﻟﻚ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ‬.2
2. ?aqadim-lak nafsi____________
May I introduce myself __________
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺟﻨﺎﺑﻚ ﺗﻘﺪم إﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ؟‬.3
3. yumkin janaabak tqad-dim ilna nafsak?
Can you, sir, introduce yourself?
. ‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺎذ ___________ ﻏﻨﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬.4

4. ?al-?ustath ___________ghani ‘anil ta’ariif

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Mr. ______________ is well known

. ‫ راح إل اﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﯾﻘﺪم إﻟﻜﻢ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬.5
5. raaHil ?ustaath ba’ad shway-ya yqadim ilkum nafsa
Dr. will, after a while, introduce himself to you
‫ ﻣﻨﻮ ﺣﻀﺮﺗﻚ ؟‬.6
6. minu Hadhritak ?
Can you introduce yourself, please?

8.Permission: ‫ﺳﻤﺎح‬

You can ask for permission by using these forms:

1. bala zahma ?agdar_______________

Would you please, _______________

. ______________  ‫ﺑﻠﯿﮫ )ﺑﻼ( زﺣﻤﮫ‬
Blaya zaHma ?agdar ______________
‫ﺑﻼ زﺣﻤﺔ إﻧﻄﯿﻨﻲ ذاك ل ﻛﻮرﺳﻲ ؟‬
inTiina thaaka l kursii

‫ طﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻨﺶ ﺷﺒﺎك ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻼ زﺣﻤﺔ ﻧﺎوﺷﻨﻲ‬

naawishnii cham Taabi’a mnish-shubaach

‫ ﺑﻼ زﺣﻤﮫ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﯾﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻏﺮاﺿﯿﺎت ب طﺮﯾﻘﻚ وإﻧﺖ راﺟﻊ ﻣﻨﺶ ﺷﻮﻏﻞ؟‬. ‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻠﺢ‬
Ishtariina shwayat ghradhiyaat bTariiqak winta raaji’a mnil shughil
Gulee agdar ____________________ .15
Can I _______ ?
.__________________

‫ اطﻠﻊ ﻟﻲ ﺑﺮا ﻣﻨﻞ ل درس ﻋﻨﺪي ﺷﻐﻠﺔ وﯾﺎ ل ﻣﺪﯾﺮ ؟‬ ‫وﻟﻠﻲ‬
aTla’a lii barra mnil dars ‘aindii shaghla wiyal mudiir

‫آﺧﺬﻟﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻏﺮاض واﺧﻠﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﺑﺴﯿﺎرﺗﻚ؟‬

?aakhithlii shwayat gharaadh w?akhaliihum bsayaartak

‫ ﻣﻨﻞ درس؟‬ ‫اطﻠﻊ ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﻣﻦ‬

?aTla’a shwaya min wagit mnil dars

ismaHlee___________________________ .16
Allow me _________. _______________ (‫إﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ ) إﺳﻤﺤﻨﻲ‬

‫إﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ أﺣﺠﻲ وﯾﺎك ﺷﻮﯾﮫ ﺑﮭﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ؟‬

?a’chii wiyaak shwayya bhal mawdhuu’a

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‫إﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ آﺧﺬ ﻟﻲ ﻓﺪ دﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻨﺎك؟‬

?aakhithlii fad daftar min-naak
. ‫إﺳﻤﺢ ﻟﻲ اﻧﺎ راﯾﺢ ﻓﺪ ﺧﻤﺲ دﻗﺎﯾﻖ وﺟﺎي‬
?ana raayiH fad khamis daqaayiq w jay

Gulleemumkin .17
May_______ ? __________________ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
Is it possible _____?
‫ﺗﻨﻄﯿﻨﻲ \ آﺧﺬ \ أطﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
tinTeeni/ ?aakhith / ?aTlib kitaabak
‫ﻧﺰور ل ﻣﺴﺠﻮن‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
nzuuril sajiin
‫اﺷﻮف ھﻞ ﻛﺘﺎب‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
?ashuuf haliktaab
‫آﺧﺬ ھﺬا ل ﻛﻮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
?aakhith hal kursii

9. Apology ‫إﻋﺘﺬار‬
There are certain ways in which you can apologize:

1.?aani mitassif ‘aal _______

I am sorry ____ .
____________________ ‫ آﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻒ ﻋﻞ‬.1

‫ ھﯿﮫ ﺻﺎرت ؟‬. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺟـﻨـﺖ ﻣﺘﻘﺼﺪ‬. ‫آﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻒ ﻋﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬
lii Saaril baariH . machinist mitqaSSid.. hiya Saarat
2. Ana zia’laan ‘aal
I regret _______ .
___________________ ‫أﻧﺎ زﻋﻼن ﻋﻞ‬

. ‫أﻧﺎ زﻋﻼن ﻋﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﮫ اﻧﺎ اﻟﻚ ﻣﺒﺎرح وارﺟﻮ ل ﻣﻌﺬرة‬

Il-lii gilta ilak mbaariH w?arjuu l ma’athira
Arju l ma’athira ____________ .18
I apologize for ____ . _______________‫أرﺟﻮ ل ﻣﻌﺬرة ﻋﻦ‬

.‫أرﺟﻮ ل ﻣﻌﺬرة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺘﮫ اﻧﺎ ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ وﻻزم ﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺖ اﻛﻮﻟﮫ‬

Li gilta ?ana l baarHa wlaazimma chinit ?aguulha
La Ydil bKhaTrak .19
Do not worry.
Please.
. ‫…ﻻ ﯾﻈﻞ ﺧﺎطﺮك ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ ﻟﻠﻌﯿﺪ‬. ‫ارﺟﻮك‬
Lo maa bayanit ‘aidkum lil ‘aiid

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. ‫ﻻ ﯾﻈﻞ ﺑﺨﺎطﺮك ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﺑﺮﺗﻚ‬

Lo maa khaabartak
Do not feel offended if I do not call you.

iHna mistaHeen ‘aan (‘aal) ____________ .20

We feel guilty ______ .
______________ (‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ) ﻣﻦ‬

‫ ھﻮ ﺟﺎن ھﻮاﯾﮫ ﺳﻜﺮان ﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﺮف اﺧﻮي ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻂ وﻻزم ﻣﮫ ﺗﺎﺧﺬوھﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬. ‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر ل ﺑﺎرﺣﺔ‬
.‫ﯾﻌﺮف ﺷﻲ ﯾﻜﻮل‬

Illii saar l barHa. Ta’arif “akhoy mkharbaT wlaazim la twaakhthu .huwa chaan
hwaaya sikraan maa yi’arif shii yguul

Ma chaan QaSdi hatha .21

. ‫ ﻗﺼﺪي ھﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

Maa chinit ?a’anii haatha bkalaami .‫ أﻋﻨﻲ ھﺬا ب ﻛﻼﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬

?ana maa mitqaSid biiha .‫اﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬

jat-tii ‘afawiya wmaa qiSadit biiha shii .‫ﺟﺘﻲ ﻋﻔﻮﯾﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻗﺼﺪت ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬

7. wallahee ma mit’amid beeha

walla-hii maa mi’amid biiha . jat-tii hiichi . ‫ ﺟﺘﻲ ھﯿﺠﻲ‬. ‫وﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﻤﺪ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬

8. haay jat-ti qadha w qadar

qadha w qadar. Ya’ani shitsaw-wi lim-man ySiir. ‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺘﺴﻮي ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬...‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻀﺎء وﻗﺪر‬

Consoling people .22

?inTaak ‘aumra ‫إﻧﻄﺎك ﻋﻤﺮه‬

He died (passed away)

wallah inqaharit hwaaya limman simi’ait il khabar ‫وﷲ اﻧﻘﮭﺮت ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ل ﺧﺒﺮ‬
I became sad when I heard the news
ta’aaziina ‫ﺗﻌﺎزﯾﻨﺎ‬
Our sympathize the death of your beloved
lbaqiya b Hayaatkum ‫ل ﺑﻘﯿﺔ ب ﺣﯿﺎﺗﻜﻢ‬
Rest in peace
nqadim ilkum ta’aaziina lil marHuum ‫ﻧﻘﺪم ﻟﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﺎزﯾﻨﺎ ﻟﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻮم‬
We send you our condolence for the deceased
wallah gluubna wiyaakum ‫ وﯾﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫وﷲ‬

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Our heart goes with you

wallah Saar baalna yamkum ‫وﷲ ﺻﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
We think about you
baalna yamkum ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻢ‬
We think about you
buqa baalna yamkum ‫ﺑﻘﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻢ‬
We think about you
zi’ailna chthir ‘al lii Sar ‫زﻋﻠﻨﺎ ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﻋﻞ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺻﺎر‬
We felt sad to what happened
gluubna wiyaakum ‫ وﯾﺎﻛﻢ‬
Our hearts go with you
gluubna ma’akum ‫ ﻣﻌﻜﻢ‬
Our hearts go with you
‫ ﻻزم ﻧﺤﻤﺪ وﻧﺸﻜﺮه‬. ‫أﻋﻤﺎرﻧﺎ ﺑﯿﺪ ﷲ‬
Our lives are in the hands of God. We praise and thank Him

‫إل إﻧﺴﺎن ﺟﺎى ﻣﻨﻞ ﺗﺮاب وﯾﺮوح ﻟﻞ ﺗﺮاب‬

L ?insaan jay mnil trab w yruuH lil trab
Man comes from dirt and goes to it
‫ ﻣﺒﮭﺪﻟﯿﻦ‬..  ‫ راح وﺧﻼﻧﺎ‬... ‫ ﺧﺴﺮﻧﺎه‬.. ‫ﺣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

Hassafa ….khisirnaah…raaH wkhallan Hiich mbahdiliin

Alas….we lost him….he left us ….unorganized
(leaving the community to somewhere else and not being dead)
‫ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ طﺮﯾﻖ‬
Kulna ‘aala hal Tareeq
We all are on our way to it
‫إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ ھﺬا ھﻮ آﺧﺮ إل اﺣﺰان‬
?iNshaa ?alla haatha huwa ?aakhir il Ahzaan
We hope this is the last sadness.

11. Questioning a point:

1. billah ‘aleik _______ (safar..) Ti’arif leish________?

‫_____ )ھﻮ ﺳﺎﻓﺮ ! ( ﺗﻌﺮف ﻟﯿﺶ ؟‬Ϛϴ

Ϡϋ
ͿΎΑ.1

2. billah ‘aleich_____?
( ‫___ ) ﺧﻼج ﻟﻲ وﺣﺪج وراح ؟‬
Ξϴ
Ϡϋ
ͿΎΑ.2
3. shmadriik______________?
( ‫ ﺷﻤﺪرﯾﻚ ____ ) ﻣﺎ راح وﺳﺎب ل ﺟﺮﯾﺔ ؟‬.3

4. Muu balla haatha zein_______? ‫ ﻣﻮ ﺑﻠﻠﮫ ھﺬا زﯾﻦ ؟‬.4

‫ ؟‬ ‫ ھﺎ أﺑﻮ _______ وﻧﺖ‬.5

5. haa Abu ______________ winta shid-guul?

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What do you think Mr. ______?

_____________ ‫ ﺷﻤﻌﺮﻓﻨﻲ‬.6

6. Shim-‘arif-nii _______________
How do I know ____________________.

12. Polite Requests

1. Rijaa?an _______________?
wein il maktaba ‫ __________________ ؟‬، ‫رﺟﺎء‬
ً .1
‫وﯾﻦ ل ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ؟‬
?agdar ?adkhul ‫أﻛﺪر أدﺧﻞ ل ﺑﯿﺖ ؟‬
Directions to a place

2. min fadhlak____________
. __________________ ، ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻠﻚ‬.2
daliini ‘ala ?aqrab baanziinkhaana ‫دﻟﯿﻨﻲ ﻋﻞ اﻗﺮب ﺑﺎﻧﺰﯾﻨﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬
‘aTiini shwayat maay ‫إﻋﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﺎي‬
Please, _________ .

3. tfadh-dhal _________ . ______________________ ‫ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ‬.23

kithil kura ‫ﺧﺬ ل ﻛﺮوة‬
(ikhithil) ktaab (shiite glottals) ‫إﺧﺬ إل ﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬

Would you please, __________.

4. gulli ‘aindak ________________. _________________ ‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪك‬.24
Taabi’a ziyaada ‫طﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺎدة‬
shwayat miliH ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻠﺢ‬
Do you have _________?
5. Tigdar ____________ . _____________________ ‫ ﺗﻜﺪر‬.25
tdaliini shlon ?aSal lil jaami’a ‫ﺗﺪﻟﯿﻨﻲ ﺷﻠﻮن اﺻﻞ ﻟﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬
tshawifni shlon ?arat-tib ?awraaqi ‫ﺗﺸﻮﻓﻨﻲ ﺷﻠﻮن ارﺗﺐ اوراﻗﻲ‬

Can you show me _______ ?

6. Maa a’arif _____ tigdar traawiini shlon ____

‫ ﺗﻜﺪر ﺗﺮاوﯾﻨﻲ ﺷﻠﻮن _________ ؟‬،______________ ‫ ﻣﺎ اﻋﺮف ﺷﻠﻮن‬.6

I do not know how ________ . Can you show me how _____?

‫أﺷﻐـــﻠﮭﺎ ( ؟‬
ّ ) ( ‫أﺷﻐــﻞ ھﺎي ل ﻣﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
ّ )
?asha-ghil ha ?ashagh-il haayil maakna(makiina)

13. Obligation

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‫________ ‪1. Laazim‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻻزم ______________‪.‬‬

‫‪tijii, truuH, tit’aawan‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮووح ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻌﺎون‬
‫‪1. You need to‬‬ ‫________________________________‬
‫____________‪‘aleik‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻠﯿﻚ __________________‬

‫ﻏـﺒﺸﺔ( وﻣﮫ ّ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺄﺧﺮ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻﺒﺢ ) ُ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻲ ﻣﻨﻞ ُ ُ‬
‫‪tijii mnil ghubsha wmaa tit?akh-khar‬‬

‫___________________________________ ‪2. You must‬‬

‫____________‪3.lmafruudh‬‬ ‫‪ .26‬ل ﻣﻔﺮوض __________________‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﺒـﺢ ‪ .‬ﺑﺲ ﺷﻨﺴﻮﯾﻠﻚ‬

‫ﺟﻨﺖ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﻨﺺ ُ‬
‫‪Chinit hnaa mniS SibiH . bas shinsawiilak‬‬

‫_______________ )‪3. You were supposed to (be here‬‬

‫)‪implied = (but you did not‬‬
‫‪14. Necessity‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻨﺾ ﺿﺮوري ____________‬
‫ﺗﺠﯿﻚ ﻏﺮاﺿﻚ وﺑﻌﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮووح‬
‫ّ‬
‫_________________________ ‪1. It is necessary to‬‬

‫‪check your stuff and then go‬‬

‫إﻧﺖ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ ________________‬

‫‪27.‬‬
‫إﻟﮭﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫إﻟﻨﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫إﻟﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫إﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫_________________________________ ‪28. You need‬‬
‫‪them‬‬
‫‪us‬‬
‫‪her‬‬
‫‪me‬‬

‫‪contraction‬‬ ‫إﻧﺖ ﻣﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻨـﺎ ) ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﻨﺎ(‬

‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﻦ إﻟﻚ ) ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﻚ( ‪ ........‬راﯾﺪﯾﻚ‬

‫ھﻲ ﯾﮫ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻚ ) ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﺘﻚ(‪ ..........‬راﯾﺪﺗﻚ‬
‫إﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﻦ إﻟﮭﻢ ‪) .‬ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﮭﻢ(‪ .........‬راﯾﺪﯾﮭﻢ‬

‫‪ .3‬ﯾﻨﺮاد ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻧﺎ ________________‬

‫ﻧﺤﻀﺮ درووﺳﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻧﺮووح ‪ ‬ل وﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻧﮭﯿﺊ أﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ھﺴﮫ‬

‫______________________ ‪3.We need to‬‬

‫‪140‬‬
 141

Prepare our lessons well

Go early
Make ourselves ready from now

15. Unnecessary, no need to do something:

. ‫ ﻣﺎ إﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﺰوم‬.1
Maa ilha lzuum
1.You do not need to __________________

maaku daa’ee
2.You needn’t _________________ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ داﻋﻲ‬.2

Maa majbuur
.______________ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﺒﻮور‬
29.
.‫ﺗﺮووح ﻟﮭﻨﺎك‬
Go there
30. It is not a must ___________________

You mustn’t ________________________________

Ma tiHtaaj
._________________ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬
31.
. ‫ﺗﺮووح ﻟﮭﻨﺎك‬
4. You do not need to ___________________________
go there
winta shillak
.________________ ‫ وإﻧﺖ ﺷﻠﻚ‬.5
‫ﺑﻞ ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
. ‫ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
5. It is not yours to (interfere)___________
It is not your business

16. Promise
. ‫ وﷲ وﷲ وﺛﻢ وﷲ‬.1
By God , by God, and by God

. ‫ اﺣﻠﻒ ) ﻟﻚ( ﺑﻞ ﯾﻤﯿﻦ‬.2

I swear by God

. ___________ ͿΎ
Α
Ϣδϗ΍.3
‫آﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺖ ھﻨﺎك‬
I swear by God that I was not there

. ‫ اﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺚ ﺛﻼث‬.4

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I swear by God three times

. ‫ ﺑﻂ طﻼق‬.5
I swear three times “Divorce”
Culturally, if somebody shouted three times divorce. Then Divorce is legally forced
on the sayer.

32. (‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎرﺑﻲ ) ﻣﻦ ھﺬا ل ﺷﺎرب‬

Take it granted. It is done.
“Take it from my moustaches”

.‫ ﻣﺘﺄﻣﻨﺔ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬. ‫ ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي‬.7

I give you my word. It is guaranteed
Take it from me. It is secure.

.‫ دا اﻛﻮﻟﻚ رووح وﻻ دﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل‬.8

Do not worry. It is done.
I tell you go .Do not worry.

.‫ رووح ﻻ ﺗﺨﺎف‬. ‫ آﻧﻲ آﺧﻮك‬.9

I am your brother. Do not be afraid.

.‫ رووح ﻻ ﺗﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﺎل‬. ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺮ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬.10

Take it finished. Do not worry.

. ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻲ‬. ‫ إطﻤﺌﻦ‬.11
Feel secure…you are welcome

.‫ ﺑﺮاﺳﻲ وراﺳﻚ ﺻﺎﯾﺮة ﻛﺒﻞ ﻣﮫ ﺗﻜﻮول‬.12

Believe me it is already done for you
________________ ‫ﷲ وﺑﻠﻠﮫ وﺗﻠﻠﮫ‬.13
God and God and God ___________

17. Wish and Hope:

__________________ ‫ ﯾﺘﺎﻣﻞ‬.1
‫ ﯾﺸﻮوﻓﻚ‬، ‫ﯾﻨﺠﺢ‬
33. He hopes to ___________
pass (succeed), see you

34. __________ ‫أﻛو أﻣل ______________ ﺑس‬

‫راح‬ ‫ﻧرﺟﻊ‬
(Wish which is no longer to happen )

35. There was hope that we ______________ but _________

return never happens

__________________ ‫ ﻋﻠﻮا _________ ﺑﺲ‬.3

 ‫ﻧﺮﺟﻊ‬

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3. We wish that we ____________ but __________

were back it is impossible ( never happens)

.________ ‫ ﯾﺗﻣﻧﻰ __________ ﺑس‬.4

‫ھذا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﯾر‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻲ‬
36. He wishes to ____________ but _________
come never happens

.‫ﻓد ﯾوم‬ ____________ ‫ ﺑﻠﻛت ﷲ‬.5

‫ﯾﺳﺗﻘر إل وﺿﻊ \ ﻧرﺟﻊ‬
5. balkit allah______________________ fad yom.
Yistaqiril wadhi’a \ nirja’a

18. Possibility
___________ ‫ ﯾﺟوز‬.1
yjuuz____ .37
Probably ________
_________ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺟوز‬.2
maa Yjiiz__________ .38
It cannot be ______________
____________ ‫ رﺑﻣﺎ‬.3
rub-bamma_________ .39
perhaps_______________
_________ ‫ ﻟرﺑﻣﺎ‬.4
larub-bamma_______ .40
might be
_________ ‫ ھﻧﺎك إﺣﺗﻣﺎل‬.5
hnaak ?iHtimaal________ .41
There is a possibility____________

____________ ‫ ھﻧﺎك إﺣﺗﻣﺎل ﺿﺋﯾل‬.6

hnaak ?iHtimaal dha?iil_________ .42
There is a little hope_________
__________ ‫ ﻣﻣﻛن‬.7
mumkin_____________ .43
Probably _______
___________ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻣﻛن‬.8
maa mumkin __________ .44
It is impossible ___________
___________ ‫ ﻋﻠوا‬.9
9. ‘aalwaa____________
I wish __________
_______________ ‫ﻋﺳﻰ وﻟﻌﻠﮫ‬.10
10. ‘aasa wala’allahum___________

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It might be _________
________(‫ﻣﮫ ﯾﺻﯾر ) ﯾﺳﯾر‬.11
11. may ySiir__________
It cannot be ____________
_____________ ‫ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬.12
12. ya’anii_____________
To an extent ___________
____________ ‫ ﺑﻠﻛت‬.13
13. balkit_______________
might be ____________

19. Broach/ Tackle a subject

__________ ‫ ﺑﺧﺻوص ھل ﻣوﺿوع‬.1

1. bikh SuuS hal mawdhuu’a_________
Regarding this subject_____________
______________ ‫ ھﺎل ﻗﺿﯾﺔ ﺻﺎرﻟﮭﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻣطروﺣﺔ‬.2
2. hal qadhiya Saarilha zamaan maTruuHa______________
This issue has been raised long ago __________________

_____________________ ‫ ھل ﻣوﺿوع إﻟﮫ ﺟذوره‬.3

3. hal maw-dhuu’a ?ila jithuura__________
This subject has its roots (reasons) __________________
__________________ ‫ھل ﻣوﺿوع ﻣﺎ ﺗﻛدر ﺗﺗﺟﺎوزه‬.4
4. hal maw-dhuu’a ma tigdar titjaawaza__________________
You cannot avoid this subject ________________

_____________ ‫ﺗﻛدر ﺗﺗطرق ﻟﮭل ﻣوﺿوع ﻣن زواﯾﺎ ) ﺟواﻧب( ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬.5

5. tigdar tiT-Taraq lhal mawdhuu’a min zawaaya( jawaanib) mukhtilfa __________
You can talk about this subject from different angles__________________

___ ‫ ال ﺷق إل اول _____________وإل ﺷق إل ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬. ‫ ھل ﻣوﺿوع إﻟﮫ اﻛﺛر ﻣن ﺷق‬.6

6. hal mawdhuu’a ?ila ?akthar min shaq. ?ish-shaqil ?aw-wal _____
wil shaqil thaani ________________

____________________ ‫ إل ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ھل ﻣوﺿوع ﻣﮭم ﺟداً وﻣﺎ ﻣﻣﻛن ﺗﺗﻔﺎداه‬.7

7. ilHaqiiqa hal mawdhuu’a muhim jiddan wmaa mumkin tafaadiih___________
This subject is indeed very important and inevitable ________________

_____________________ ‫ ھل ﻣوﺿوع ﺟدﯾر ﺑﺎﻻھﺗﻣﺎم‬.8

8. hal maw-dhuu’a jadiir bil-?ihtimam__________________________
This subject is needs to be considered___________________________

________‫ھل ﻣوﺿوع ھﻣﯾن ﺣﺳﺎس‬.... ‫ ھل ﻣوﺿوع ﻣو ﺑس ﻣﮭم ﺑﻧـ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ إﻟﻧﺎ‬.9

9.hal mawdhuu’a muu bas muhim bin-nisba ilna….hal mawdhuu’a hamein hassas___
This subject is not only important but also sensitive ________________

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20.Twist, add, or contradict to argue a topic

......... ‫ وﻣن ﺟﮭﺗﻠوخ‬..... ‫ ھﺎي ﻣن ﺟﮭﮫ‬.1

Haay min jiha_____wmi jihat lukh ____________________ .45
on one hand _____________on the other hand ___________________

......... ‫ ﻻزم ھﻣﯾن‬........ ‫ ﻣو ﺑس ھﺎي‬.2

muu bas haay _____ laazim hamein_________ .46

not only _________ but also ____________

........... ‫ ﺑل ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬.3
bil munaasaba __________________________ .47
by the way ____________________

.... ‫ ﺷوف اﻛو ھﻣﯾن أﺷﯾﺎء ﻣﺎ ﺗطرﻗﺗﻣوھﺎ‬.4

shuuf ?aku hamein ?ashyaa ma tTariqtimuuha___________________ .48
There are things you did not discuss ___________________________

........... ‫ ﺑس ﻻ ﺗﻧﺳﻰ اﻧو‬.5

bas la tinsa ?annu___________________________ .49
You should not forget that___________________

......... ً‫ ﺑس اﻛو اﺷﯾﺎء ﻣﺣد ﺗطرﻗﻠﮫ اﺑدا‬.6

bas ?aku ?ashyaa? maH-Had tTaraqla ?abadan ________________ .50
But there are things no body talked about ________________

....... ‫ ﺑس اﻛو رأي آﺧر ﯾﻛول‬، ‫ ﻣﻣﺗﺎز‬ ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ‬.7

Ili gilta mumtaaz, bas /aku ra?ii ?aakhar .51
yguul___________________________
What you said is excellent, but there are other opinions which say that __________

........... ‫ ل ﺧﻼف ھو ﺑس ﺑـ‬. ‫ أظن إﺣﻧﺎ ﻣﺗﻔﻘﯾن‬.8

?adhin ?iHna mit-tifqiin, lkhlaaf huwa bas b__________________ .52
We are in agreement, the only difference is in ___________________

‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﺇﻝ ﺷﻲ ﺑﺲ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ أظن إﺣﻧﺎ دا‬.9

9.?adhin iHna da nguul nafsil sahay bas bi Tariiqa mughaayra
I think we are saying the same but in a different way

.‫ ﺑس دا ﯾﻧﻛﺎل ﺑﺻﯾﻐﺔ ﻟوخ‬.‫ ل ﻣوﺿوع ھو ھو‬.10

l mawdhuu’a huwa huwa bas daa yingaal bSiigha tlukh .53
The subject is the same but said differently
............. ‫ ل ﺣﻘﯾﻘﺔ ھﻲ اﻧو‬. ‫ ﻻ وﷲ ﻣو ھﯾﺟﻲ‬.11
Wallah muu hiichi. lHaqiiqa hiya ?anuu______ .54
In fact the case is not so. It is that_________________

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‫ﻫﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺸـ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ‬‫ ﺗرﯾد ل ﺻﺪ‬.12

triidil Sudug , hal maudhuu’a muu SaHiiH bish-shakl il lii ngaal .55
To say the fact, this subject is not right in the way it is presented(said)_______

_________________΢ϳΣλ ϭϣϼλ ΍ ͿϭϛΩ΍

ΩϲϠ
ϟ΍
.13
illi da dguula ?aSlan muu SaHiiH________________ .56
What you are saying is not right from its start________________

_______________ΔΣλ ϝϧϣα Ύ γ΍
ϱ΍ϩΩϧϋΎ
ϣͿϭϛΩ΍
ΩϲϠ
ϟ΍
.14
illi da dguula maa ‘ainda asaas mnil SiH-Ha_________________ .57
What you are telling us is totally not right ___________

____________________ ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻛﻠﺗﮫ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻧده اي واﻗﻊ‬.15

15.illi gilta maa ‘ainda ?ay waaqi’a__________________
What you said has no basis (reality)______________
____________________________ ‫ ﻏرﯾﺑﺔ‬.16
ghariiba__________________________ .58
It is strange_________________
_______________ (‫ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﲰﻌﺘﻪ ﻻﻧﻮ ) ﻻﻧﻪ‬‫ ﻣﺎ اﺻد‬.17
17. maa ?aSad-dig illi samia’ta_____________________________
I do not believe what I hear because _____________________________

‫ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ اﻛو ﻣﺟﺎل ل وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧظر اﺧرى ﻏﯾر ل ھﺎي إل ﻣطروﺣﺔ‬.18

ya’ani ?aku majaal wijhaat nadhar ?ukhra gheir haay ili maT-ruuHa .59
Is there any chance of discussing views other than the ones raised here.

‫ وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظري ﻏﯾر ﺷﻲ ﺗﺧﺗﻠف ﻣن وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظرك‬.19

60.wijhat nadhari gheir shii tikhtilif min wijhat nadharak.
My point of view is different from yours in that__________

21. Ask politely to interrupt somebody

__________________ ، ‫ دون ﻣﻘﺎطﻌﺔ‬.1

1. duun muqaaTa’a, ?agdar ______________________
I do not mean to interrupt you, can I ________________?
___________________  ، ‫ ﻟﺣظﺔ ﻣن ﻓﺿﻠك‬.2
2. laHdha min fadhlak, ?agdar___________________
Please, one minute, can I _________________________?

____________________________ (‫ ﻟو ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ) ﺳﻣﺣت‬.3

3. lo tismaH ( samaHit) ________________________
If you allow me _________________.
Would you please_____________?

. _______________________ ‫ إﺳﻣﺣﻠﻲ وﻟو ﻟﻠﺣظﺔ‬.4

4. ?ismaHli walaw lilaHdha ___________________

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Can I have a minute _______________________?

____________________________ ‫ ﻣن ﻓﺿﻠك‬.5
5.min fadhlak __________________________________________
Would you please, _____________________?

22. Ask somebody not to interrupt

___________________ (‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﺎ )ﺗﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ( ﻧﺣﻛﻲ ) أﺣﺟﻲ‬.1

1. maa-dkhallina niHchii (?aHchi).
Let us (me)talk
____________________ ‫ ﻛوﻟﻠﻲ إﻧت ﻣﺎ ﺗﻛدر ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎطﻊ ل واﺣد‬.2
2. gulli ?inta ma tigdar ma tQaaTi’ail waaHid.
Hey, you cannot interrupt others.
Somebody gets mad
______________________________ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﻛل ﺗﺑن‬.3
3. Ma tkhallina naakil tibin.
Let us speak “eat hay”
_____________________ ‫ ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﺎ ﻧﺎﻛل "ﺧرى" ﻧﺣﺟﻲ‬.4
4. Yaa ?akhii matkhallina naakil “khara” niHchii.
Man, let us speak “ eat pooh”

________________ ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ اﻛﻣل ﻛﻼﻣﻲ‬. ‫ ﻣن ﻓﺿﻠك ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎطﻌﻧﻲ‬.5

5.min fadhlak maa tqaaTi’ani. Khal-liini ?akam-mil kalaami.
Please, do not interrupt me. Let me talk.

________________ ‫ ﺑس ﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ اﻛﻣل ﺟﻣﻠﺗﻲ ﻓد دﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻣن ﻓﺿﻠك‬.6

6. bas-khl-liini ?akam-mil jumaltii fad daqiiqa min fadhlak.
Only let me ,one moment please, finish my sentence
___________________ ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗرﯾده‬ ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ اﺧﻠص وﺑﻌدﯾن‬.7
7. khal-liini ?akhliS w ba’adein gul illi triida.
Let me finish and then say what you want to say .

____________ ‫ ﯾﺎ اﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ اﻟﻐﻲ وﺑﻌدﯾن ﻛوول اﻟﻠﻲ ﺗرﯾده‬.8

8. yaa ?akhii ma tkhl-liini ?alghi wba’adein gul illi triida.
Man, let me talk and then say yours.
‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪك‬ ‫ﺑﻨـ ﻧﺺ‬‫ ﻻ‬.9
9. la tigmiz w tiHchi min ‘aindak
do not jump in the middle and speak
do not interrupt
‫ ﻻ ﺗﺎﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬.10
10. la taakhithna HaaSil faaSil
Give us a break

23. Show Empathy

.‫ ﺷﻌورﻧﺎ ھو ﺷﻌورﻛم‬.1
1. Shu’aurrna shi’aurkum

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“Our feelings are yours.” We feel the same.

.ͿϭϛΩ΍
ΩϲϠ
ϟ΍
ϰϠ
ϋϥϳϘϔΗϣΎ
ϣϥϳϧΛ·ϭϛ΍
Ύ
ϣ.2
2. maaku ?ithnein ma mittifqiin ‘ala illi daa dguula.
There are not two who disagree upon what you have said.

.‫ آﻧﻲ ﻓﺎھﻣك ﺷراﯾد‬.  ‫ ادري ﺑل ﺿﺑط إﻧت ﺷدا‬.3

3. ?adrii bidh-dhabit ?inta sh-da dguul. ?ana fah-mak shraayid!
I know exactly what you are saying. I understand what you want.

. ‫ اﻧﺎ اﺑﺎدﻟك ھل ﺷﻌور‬.4

4. ?ana ?abaadilak hal shu’auur
I share the same sentiment with you
. ‫ ﺷوف ھﺎي ﻗﺿﯾﺔ إﻧﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻧرادﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺳﯾر‬.5
5. shuuf haay qadhiya ?insaaniya maa yinraaadilha tafsiir
This is a humanitarian case and it does not need any other clarification

.‫ واﺿﺣﺔ ﻣﺛل ل ﺷﻣس‬.‫ ھﺎي ﻣﺎ ﯾﻧراد ﻟﮭﺎ روح ل ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬.6

6. haay ma yinraadilha ruuHil qaadhi. Waadh-Ha mithlil shams
This does not need to go to the judge. It is very clear
. ‫ اﻓﮭم وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظرك‬.7
7. ?afham wijhatil nadhar
I understand your point of view
..... ‫ ﺑس‬... ‫ ادري ﻣﻧﯾن ﺟﺎي‬.8
8. ?adrii mnein jay….. bas ……
I know from where you are coming ____________
.‫ ھﺎي ھﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﻧﺎ‬.9
9. haay hiya ma?saatna
This is our dilemma
. ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻧدري ﻣﻧﯾن ﺟﺗﻧﻧﺎ ھﺎي اﻟﺗرﻛﺎﻋﺔ‬.10
10. maa nidrii mnein jatiina haay l tirgaa’a
We do not from where this crisis befell upon us
.‫ إﻧﺷﻐل ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺎ ﺑﯾﻛم‬.11
11. ?inshighal baalna biikim
We were thinking about you
. ‫ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺎ ﯾﻣﻛم‬.12
12. Buqaa baalna biikum
We were thinking about you
.‫ وﻋﺷﻧﺎھﺎ‬. ‫ ﻛﻠﻧﺎ ﻧﻌرف ﺣﺟم ھل ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎة‬.13
13. kulna ni’arif Hajmil mu’aanaat…. W ‘aishnaaha
We all went through this ( suffering) and lived through it

‫ إﺣﻧﺎ دا ﻧﻌﯾش ﻣﺄﺳﺎﺗﻛم وﻧﺗﺣﻣل ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺗﻛم ال ﯾوﻣﯾﺔ‬.14

14. ?iHna daa n’aiish ma?saatkum wnitHammal mu’aanaatkum il yaw miya
We are living this catastrophe and endure the daily forbearance
‫ راح ﺗﺻﯾر زﯾن‬... ‫ اﻧﺷﻠﻠﮫ ﺧﯾر‬.15
15. inshalla khe:r …. raaH tSiir zein
We hope it will be good
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺎ ﯾﻣﻛم‬... ‫ ﷲ ﺑﻌوﻧﻛم‬.16
16. alla b’ao:nkum … baalna yamkum

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God helps you …..you are in our thoughts

24. Disappointment/ pessimism

‫اره‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻛو ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬.1
1. maaku minha chaara
No other choice
There is no alternative
It is inevitable
.___________ ‫ ﻻزم‬.  ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬.2
2. ma minha chaara. laazim _________________.
There is no alternative . (we) must _____________.

.‫ اﺷﻌر ﺑﺧﯾﺑﺔ اﻣل ﻣن ھل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬.3

3. ?ash’aur bkhaybat amal min hal shaghla
I am disappointed about it
.‫ ھل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﻣﯾﺋوس ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬.4
4. hal shaghla may?uus minha
It is hopeless
.‫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻐﯾر ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺷﻲ‬.5
5. maa yghayir minha shii
It makes no difference
.‫ ﺗﯾﺗﻲ ﺗﯾﺗﻲ ﻣﺛل ﻣﺎ رﺣﺗﻲ ﺟﯾﺗﻲ‬.6
6. tiiti tiiti… mithil ma riHtii jiiti
“tiiti tiiti… you come back to where we were”
We are in a vicious circle
You left and came back the way you were
.‫ ﻋﺎدت ﺣﻠﯾﻣﺔ ل ﻋﺎدﺗﮭﺎ ل ﻗدﯾﻣﺔ‬.7
7. ‘aadat Haliima ila ‘aadatiha il qadiima
“Haliima ( lady’s name) goes back to where she starts from”
You cannot do anything about it
. ‫ ﺧﻠو ذﯾل ل ﻛﻠب ﺑل ﻗﺎﻟب ﺳﺑﻊ ﺳﻧوات وﻟﻣن طﻠﻌوه ﺟﺎن اﻋوج‬.8
8. khaluu theil lil kalb bil qaalib sabi’a sanaawat w liman Talla’auuh chaan ?a’awaj
“Dog’s tail was put 7 years in a mold, but it never straightened”
You cannot change somebody
You cannot do anything about it
.‫ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺗﺧر ﻣﺎي‬.9
9. hal shaghla tkhir may
“This issue drips water”
This issue is hopeless
.‫ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯾﮭﺎ ﺧﯾر‬.10
10. hal shaghla ma biiha kheir
“This issue brings no good”
It is fruitless
‫ ﺣﺎوﻟﻧﺎ وﯾﺎه ﺑل ﻋﯾن ول آﻏﺎﺗﻲ وﻣﺎ دا ﯾﻔﯾد وﯾﺎه‬.11
11. Haawalna wiyaa bil’aeini wil ?aaghati w ma daa yfiid wiyaa
“We tried with him peacefully, but it does not work”
He is not cooperative and never changes

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‫ ﻛﻠب اﺳود او اﺑﯾض ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔرق ﺷﻲ‬.12

12. kalib ?aswad ?aw ?abyadh ma ifriq
“whether a dog is black or white makes no difference”
Dogs are dogs regardless of color
Enemy is enemy regardless of it’s appearance.
‫ ﺷﻲ ﻻ ﺑد ﻣﻧﮫ‬.13
13.shii la bud-da minna
it is inevitable

14 nafsil taS wnafsi l Hammaam ‫ ﻧﻔس إل طﺎس وﻧﻔس إل ﺣﻣﺎم‬.14

“nothing is changed”
“the same pan and the same tub”

25. Praise/ hail / success/ optimism

‫ زﯾﺎرﺗﻛم ال ﯾوم ﺷرف ﻛﺑﯾر إﻟﻧﺎ‬.1
1. ziyaaritkum ?il yom sharaf kbiir ilna
We have the honor to have you here with us
‫ وﺟودﻛم ﺑﯾﻧﻧﺎ دﻟﯾل إھﺗﻣﺎﻣﻛم ﺑـ ﯾﻧﺎ‬.2
2. wijuudkum beinna daliil “ihtimamkum biina
being with us is an indication of your concern about us
‫ دﻣﺗم ذﺧراً إﻟﻧﺎ‬.3
3. dimtum thukhran lana
You are there for us
‫ ﺗﺷﯾد ال اﻣﺔ ﺑـ اﻧﺟﺎزاﺗﻛم ال ﻋظﯾﻣﺔ‬.4
4. tshiidik umma b?injaazaatkumil ‘adhiima
Our nation hails your great achievements for us
‫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺳﻌﻧﻲ إﻻ واﻗدم ﺷﻛري ل ﺳﯾﺎدﺗﻛم‬.5
5. la yasa’ani ?illa wa ?uqaddim shukri li siyaa-da-tikum
I cannot but thank you
‫ ﯾﻌﯾش ﺷﻌﺑﻧﺎ ال اﺑﻲ ال ﻛرﯾم‬.6
6. ya’aiish sha’abunna l ?abiiyi il kariim
long live our brave and generous people
‫ ﻣﻣﺗﺎز \ راﺋﻊ \ ﻋظﯾم‬.7
7. mumtaaz, raa?i’a, ‘adhiim
excellent, wonderful, great
(‫ اﺻﻼ ﻣﺎﻛو ﻣﻧﻧﮫ )ﻣﺛﻠﮫ‬.8
8. ?aSlan maaku minna (mithla)
There is nothing like it , has no resemblance, unprecedented
(‫ ﻓد ﺷﻲ آﯾري )ﻓرﯾد ﻣن ﻧوﻋﮫ‬.9
9. fad shii ?aayri (fariid min naw’aa)
it is something unique
ً‫) ﻗﺑل( ھﺳﮫ اﺑدا‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﯾر ﻣﺛﻠﮫ‬.10
10. ma Saayir gabil hassa mthla ?abadan
Something unprecedented
Something we have never seen happen before
‫ ھﺎي ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻛو ﻣﺛﯾﻠﮭﺎ اﺑدا‬.11
11. haay saabiqa makuu mathiilha ?abadan

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this is unprecedented
... ‫ ﻋﻔﯾﺎ ﻋﻠﯾك‬... ‫ وﷲ ﻋﻣﻲ‬.12
12. wallah ‘ammi ‘afya ‘aleik
Good for you
.. ‫ ﻋﺎﺷت اﯾدﯾك‬.13
13. ‘aashat ?iideik
“long live your hands”
A good job
. ‫ ﺗﻔﺎءﻟوا ﺑل ﺧﯾر ﺗﺟدوه‬.14
14. tafaa?alu bilkhaeir tajiduuhu
“be optimistic, you’ll get it”
be positive / optimistic
.‫ إل ﻋﻣل ﻣﺎﺷﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗدم وﺳﺎق‬.15
15. il ‘amal maashii ‘ala qadamin wa saaq
“ the work is going on a hand and a leg”
everything is going well
ͿΩϣΣϝ·ϭ .. ‫ إل دﻧﯾﺎ ﺑﺧﯾر‬.16
16. il dunya bkeir wil Hamdulla
“The world is good. Thanks God”
Everything is promising
.‫ ﺳﯾرو ﻗدﻣﺎ ً وﻧﺣن ﻣن وراﺋﻛم‬.17
17. siiro quduman wa naHnu min waraa?ikum
“ you walk forward, we follow you”
We support you
‫ ﺧﯾر ﺧﻠف ﻟﻐﯾر ﺳﻠف‬.18
18. khayru khalafin li khayri salafin
“ a good successor for a good predecessor”

ͿΩϣΣϝϭΔϳηΎ
ϣέϭϣ΍
ϝ· .19
19. ?al ?immur mashiya wil hamdu lil laah
“the matters are going on thanks to God”
Everything is going well
.‫ ﺷوﯾﺔ ﺻﺑر ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﮭوون‬.20
20.shuayat Sabir wil ?imuur maashiya
“a little of patience and everything will be OK”
be patient and wait
‫ إﻧت ﺗﺑﯾض إل و‬. ‫ ول ﻧﻌم‬.21
21. win ni’aim
You did great. We are proud of you.

26. Condemnation
‫ ﻧﺳﺗﻧﻛر‬.1
1. nistankir
we denounce

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‫ ﻧدﯾن‬.2
2. nudiin
we condemn
‫ ﻧﺷﺟب‬.3
3. nushjib
we denounce
‫ ﯾﺳﻘط ل ﻧظﺎم‬.4
4. YasquT il nidhaam
down with the regime

5. ?iHna ma niqbal haay ‫ إﺣﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺑل ﺑﮭﺎي‬.5

we do not accept this
6. haatha ‘amal mushiin ma maqbuul bii ‫ ھذا ﻋﻣل ﻣﺷﯾن ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺑول ﺑﻲ‬.6
This is heinous and not acceptable
‫ ھذا ﻓد ﻋﻣل ﯾﻧدب إﻟﮫ ال ﺟﺑﯾن‬.7
7.hatha fad ‘aa-mal yindib ilha il ja-biin
this is an atrocious action that people dislike ( the forehead frowns at)

27. Cooperation/ support

‫ ﻧﻘدم ﻣﺳﺎﻧدﺗﻧﺎ ﻟﻠـ‬.1

1. nuqad-dim musanadatana lil
we support you in
‫ ﻧدﻋم ﻣوﻗﻔﻛم ال ﺷرﯾف ھذا‬.2
2. nud’aim mawqifkum il shariif haatha
we support this honorable stand of yours
‫ ﻧطﻠب ا ل ﺗﻧﺳﯾق وﯾﺎﻛم‬.3
3. niTlib il tansiiq wiyaakum
We ask for coordination with you
‫ ﻧﻘدم ﺗﺂزرﻧﺎ وﯾﺎﻛم‬.4
4. nqad-dim ta?azurna wiyaakum
We support you
‫ ﻧﺄﻣل ﺗﻌﺎوﻧﻛم وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬.5
5. ni?mal ta’aawunkum wiyaana
We hope that you cooperate with us

‫ ﻧرﯾد ﻛﺳب ود وﺗﺄﯾﯾد ل ﻟﻧﺎس اﻛﺛر ﻣن اي ﺷﻲ آﺧر‬.6

6. nriid kasb wud w ta?yiidil naas ?akthar min ?ay shii ?aakhar
We need to gain the love and support of the people

(‫ ﺳﯾروا واﺣﻧﺎ ورا ﻛم ) وﯾﺎﻛم‬.7

7. siiruu w iHn a warakum
You keep going and we support you

28. Expectation/ contrasts

.... (‫ ﺑس ) ﻻﻛت‬..... ‫ ﺑودﻧﺎ‬.1

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1. bwidna …… bas (laakit)......

we intend to …. But …..
... (‫ ﺑس )ﻻﻛت‬.... (‫ ﺗوﻗﻌﻧﺎ ) ﺟﺎن ﻣﺗوﻗﻊ‬.2
2. tawaqa’ana ( chaan mitwaqi’a) …. Bas (laakit) …..
We expected ( it was expected ) …… but …..

.‫ ﺑس ﻣﻊ ل أﺳف طﻠﻌت ﺑﻐﯾر ﺷﻛل‬....... ‫ ردﻧﺎھﺎ ﺑﺷﻛل‬.3

3. ridnaaha bshikil …… bas ma’al ?asaf Til’aat bgheir shakil
We wanted something …..but unfortunately I came out something else

....... ‫ ﺟﺎن ﻣﻧل ﻣﻘرر ﯾﺟﻲ ﺑس‬.4

4. chaan mnil muqar-rar yijii bas ……
It was scheduled that he will come but …….
______ ‫ ﻛﺎن اﻣﻠﻧﺎ‬.5
5. kaan ?amalna _________
We hoped that ________

ً
. ‫ﻓﺟﺄة ﺟﺗﻲ ھﯾﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ‬ .‫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺗوﻗﻌﯾﮭﺎ‬.6
6.maa mitwaq’aiiha. Fuj?atan jatti hiichi ‘ala ghafla
We did not expect that. It suddenly took place.

___________ ‫ ﻋل ﻏﻔﻠﺔ‬.7
7. ‘ala ghafla ____________
Unexpectedly__________
All of a sudden ______________

29. Convincing/ Persuasion

________ ‫ ﻣﺎ ارﯾد ان أﻋﺎرض وﺟﮭﺔ ﻧظرك ﺑس ﺗرى‬.1
1. maa riid ?an ?u’aaaridh wijhat nadharak bas tara ______________
I do not want to contradict your point of view but you know _____________

____________ ‫ وﻟﮭل ﺳﺑب‬. ‫ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻟل ﺗروي ول ﺗﻔﻛﯾر‬.2

2. lshaghla tiHtaaj tihtaaj lil taraw-wi wil tafkiir. Wilhal sabab_______
This issue needs our thoughts and consideration; therefore, _________

____________________ ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﯾﻧﻲ اﻛوﻟك ﻓد ﺷﻲ‬.3

3. khal-liini ?agullak fad shii ________________
let me tell you one thing __________

______________________ ‫ ﺗرى‬، ‫ ﺑﯾﻧﻲ وﺑﯾﻧك‬.4

4. beini w beinak , tara _____________
between you and me, there is ___________
_________________ ‫ ھل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺗﺳﺗوﺟب ال ﺻﺑر‬.5
5. hal shaghla tistawjib il Sabr__________________
This issue requires patience
_________________ ‫ اﻛو اﺷﯾﺎء ﻻزم ﻣﺎ ﻧﻧﺳﺎھﺎ‬.6

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6. ?aku ?ashya laazim ma ninsaaha _______________

There are things we must not forget___________

_____________ ‫ ﻻزم ﻧﺧﻠﻠﻲ ھذا ﺑﻧظر إل إﻋﺗﺑﺎر وھواﻧو‬.7

7. laazim nkhal-li haatha bnadharil ?i’atibaar wahwa ?annu__________
We need to put this into consideration__________

. ‫ ﺷوف إل ﻗﻧﺎﻋﺔ ﻛﻧز‬.8

8. shuuf ?il qanaa’aa kanz
Let me tell you that satisfaction is treasure

30. Hypothesizing
__________ ‫ ﺷﺗﺗوﻗﻊ ﻟو‬.1
1. shtitwaq-qa’a lo _____________
What do you expect if ________________
____________ ‫ ﻟو ﻓرﺿﻧﺎ ) إﻓﺗرﺿﻧﺎ( اﻧو‬.2
2. If we hypothesize that _____________
_________________ ‫ ﻟو اﺧذﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل ل ﻣﺛﺎل‬.3
3. If we take as an example ____________
. ‫ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻧل ﻣﻔروض _______ ﺑس ______________ ﻣﺎ ﺻﺎر ھذا‬.4
4.We were supposedly _______________ but __________did not happen
 ‫ ﻋﺑﺎﻟﻲ ____________ ﺑس ﻣﺎ‬.5
5. I thought ___________but it weren’t .

31. Suspect somebody

‫ ﺷﻧو ﺳـ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬، ‫ أﺷوف ھل أﯾﺎم ﻣو ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺿﮫ‬.1
1. ?ashuuf hal ?ayaam muu ‘ala ba’a-dha. Ma dgulli shinuu l saalfa?
He does not look Okay, is there anything going on ?

‫ ﺗﺻرﻓﺎﺗﮫ ھل أﯾﺎم ﻏرﯾﺑﺔ ؟‬،  ‫ إﺷﺑﯾﮫ ھذا ﺷوف ھو ﻣوو ﻣﺛل‬.2
2.?shbiih haatha shuuf huwa mithil gabil, his behavior these days is strange.
What is wrong with him. He is not like before. His behavior these days is
strange.

‫ أﻛو ﺷﻲ ﺻﺎﯾر ؟‬، ‫ ھل أﯾﺎم أﺷوﻓﮫ ﺻﺎﻓن‬.3

3. hal ?ayaam ?ashuufa Saafin, ?aku shii Saayir?
I see him sighing these days. Is there anything wrong going on?

.‫أﺷوﻓﮫ ﻛﻠش ﻣﻧطوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬، ‫ ھذا ال وﻟد اﺑداً ﻣﺎ ارﺗﺎﺣﻠﮫ‬.4

4.haatha l walad ?abadan maa ?artaaHla, ?ashuufa kul-lish munTawi ‘ala nafsa.
I do not feel comfortable about this man, He is too much of an introvert

‫ ﻋﻧده ﺷﻲ ؟‬، ‫ دا ﯾﺗﺣرك ھواﯾﺎ‬-‫ أﺷوﻓﮫ –ﺑﮭل اﯾﺎم أل أﺧﯾرة‬.5

5. daa shuufa –bhal ?ayaam il ?akhiira- daa yitHar-rak hwaaya, ;ainda shii?

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‫ وﻣﺣد ﯾﻌرف ﺑﯾﮫ ﺷدا ﯾﺳوي ؟‬، ‫ دا ﯾﻌﻣل ﻣن ﺟوا ﻟﻲ ﺟوا‬.6

6. daa yi’amal min jaw-wa lii jaw-wa, wmaHad yi’arif bii shda y-saw-wi
He is secretly working and no one knows what he is doing.

. ‫ أﺷوف ﺗﺻرﻓﺎﺗﮫ ﻏرﯾﺑﺔ وﻣدا ﺗﻌﺟﺑﻧﻲ‬.7

7. ?shuuf taSaruufaata ghariiba w madaa ti’ajibni
I see his behavior is strange, and I do not like it.
. ‫ ھذا ﺷﺎﯾف ﻧﻔﺳﮫ ﻛﺛﯾر وﻣدا ﯾﺗﻌﺎون‬.8
8. haatha shaayif nafsa kthiir w madaa yit’aaawan
He is conceited and never cooperates.
. ‫ ھذا ﺣﯾﺔ ﯾﻠدغ ﻣن ﺟوه ﺟوه‬.9
9. haatha Hay ya yildigh min jaw –wa jaw-wa
He is a snake that secretly bites
.‫ ﺣرك‬. ‫ ھذا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﺄﻣن‬.10
10. haatha ma yit ?amman. Hirik.
He is someone you do not trust. He is active.
‫ أﺷك ب وﻻء ھل ﺷﺧص إﻟﻧﺎ‬.11
11. ?ashik b walla? Hal shakhiS ?ilna
I suspect that he is loyal to us
. ‫ ھذا واﺣد ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺗﻣد ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬.12
12. haatha waaHid maa yi’atimid ‘alei
He is unreliable.
‫ ھل وﻟد ﻣﺷﺑوه وﻻزم ﻧﻛون ﺣذرﯾن ﻣﻧﮫ‬.13
13. hal walad mashbuuh w laazim nkuun Hathriin minna
This man is suspicious and we must be watchful.
‫ ﻋﻧدة ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻣﺷﺑوھﺔ واﺳﻣﮫ ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻣﺔ إل ﺳوده‬.14
14. ‘ainda ‘ailaaqaat mashbuuha w?isma bqaa?ima l soda
He has dubious relations and his name is on the black list
‫ ھو ﻣن إل ﻣﺷﺗﺑﮫ ﺑﮭم‬.15
15.huwa minil mushtabah bihim
He is among suspects

huwa minil maghdhuub ‫ ھو ﻣﻧل ﻣﻐﺿوب ﻋﻠﯾﮭم‬.16

‘aleihum
He is among those not wanted ( kidding to a friend)
‫ھذا ﻣن إل ﻣﻐﺿوب ﻋﻠﯾﮭم‬
16. haatha minal maghdhuubi ‘aleihim
He is among the names on the black list
‫ ھذا ﻣن إل ﻣطﻠوﺑﯾن ﻟﻲ وﺟﮫ إل ﻋداﻟﺔ‬.17
17. haatha minil maTluubiin li wajhil ‘adaala
He is wanted by the government (justice)
‫ ھﺎرب‬.18
18. fugitive, deserted
‫ ﻓﺎر‬.19
19. wanted, deserted, fugitive

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32. Conclusive transitories

‫ وﺑل ﺧﺗﺎم‬.1
1. wabil khitaam _________
finally ______________
in conclusion___________
_______________ ‫ ب ﻓﻘرة اﺧﯾرة وھﻲ ان‬ ‫ ﻧﻛدر ﻧﻠﺧص ﻣﺎ‬.2
2. nigdar nlakh-khis maa gilnaa bii faqara ?akhiira wahiya ?anna ___________
I can conclude in one last paragraph that _______________

________________ ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن ان ﻧﺧﻠص ﻟﻠﻘول وھو ان‬.3

3. yumkin ?an nukhlis lil qawl wahwa ?anu _______________
We can summarize that by saying ____________
In sum, ___________________
________________________ ‫ وﺑل ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬.4
4. wabil nihaaya________
Finally, ____________
In the end, ________________
ً‫ أﺧﯾراً وﻟﯾس آﺧرا‬.5

5.?alhiiran walaysa ?aakhiran

it is the last but not the least

33.Etiquettes
1. When somebody has a new hairdo, has finished shaving, has finished taking
shower, you must say “ na’aiiman”
‫ ﻧﻌﯿﻤﺎ‬.1
a nice hairdo / shaving ً
(‫ﻧﻌﯿﻤﺎ )ل ﺣﻼﻗﺘﻚ‬
a nice shower ( ‫ﻧﻌﯿﻤﺎ ً ) ل ﺳﺒﺤﻚ‬

Reply:
The answer usually is : na’a ‘am allah ‘aleik. Shukran
.ً‫ ﺷﻜﺮا‬.‫ﻧﻌﻢ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

2. After finishing eating or drinking and say thank you. The answer is “bil’afiya” or
“a’awaafi”.
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬.2
(‫ﻋﻮاﻓﻲ ) ﺑﻌﺪ ل أﻛﻞ‬
( ‫) ﺑﻌﺪ ﺷﺮب ل ﻣﺎي‬
Reply:
The answer usually is : allah y’aafiik . shukran
. ً‫ ﺷﻛرا‬. ‫ﷲ ﯾﻌﺎﻓﯾك‬

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A challenge ...... ‫ﻋواﻓﻲ‬

a compliment for doing something good

15. Good for you if you can make(do) it.

_____ ‫ﻋﻮاﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ اذا‬
jibitha ‫ﺟﺒﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‘awaafi ‘aleik ?itha
a’rifitha ‫ﻋﺮﻓﺘﮭﺎ‬
aSalitha ‫ﺣﺼﻠﺘﮭﺎ‬
Good for you if you can bring it
Good for you if you know that
Good for you if you obtain that
‫ﻋﻮاﻓﻲ إل ﯾﺠﯿﺐ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‘awaafi il li yjiib naqish
Good for you if you make it.

If somebody sneezes. You say : “bis siHa”

. ‫ﺑص ﺻﺣﺔ‬
biS-SiHa
with health
Reply:

. ً‫ﺷﻛرا‬
Shukran
Thanks
If somebody burps. You say: “bil ‘afiya”
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬
Bil’aafya
With grace

Reply:

.ً‫ﺷﻛرا‬
Shukran
Thanks

34. If something is fantastic or Somebody is smart.

You say “ mashallah” to avoid an evil eye

Keep cross fingers

mashalla (ͿΎηΎ
ϣ) .‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬
dig ‘al khashab ‫دك ﻋل ﺧﺷب‬
‘aein allah ‘aleik ‫ﻋﯾن ﷲ ﻋﻠﯾك‬

Reply

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. ً‫ﺷﻛرا‬
shukran
Thanks
35. Expressions to mean “start”
. ‫ ﯾﻠﻠﮫ‬.. ‫ ﯾﻠﻠﮫ‬.1
1. Yalla… yallah
. ‫ إﺑدي‬... ‫ ﯾﻠﻠﮫ‬.2
2. Yallah ?ibdii

ّ ‫ ﻣﮫ‬.3
_____________ ‫ﺗﺑﻠش‬
‫ﺗرﺳم‬
3. ma tiblish _________
tirsim
_____________ ‫ ﻣﮫ ﺗﺑدي‬.4
‫ﺗﻌﻣل‬
4. ma tibdii _______
ti’amal
__________ ‫ إﺳرع‬.5
‫ﺳﺟل إﺳﻣك‬
5. ?isri’a____
sajjil ?ismak
_____________ ‫ ﺑﻌدك ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎدي‬.6

16. ba’adak ma baadi _________

ti’amal

36. Criticism
 ‫ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ ھﻲ ﺷوﯾﺔ واﻗﻔﺔ‬.1
1. yaa’nii hiy-ya shway-ya waagfa
It is a bit weird ( bazar)
‫ ؟‬‫ﺗﺼﺪ‬‫ ﯾﻌﻧﻲ‬.2
2. ya’ani tSad-ga ?
Do you believe him?
Do you trust him?
____________ ‫ ﻣوو ﻣﻌﻘوﻟﮫ ھو‬.3
3. muu ma’aquula huwa_____________
It is irrational

 ‫ ھﺎي ﻣﮭزﻟﺔ واﺣد ﻣﮫ ﯾﺻد‬.4

4. haay mahzala waaHid maa ySad-digha
This is ridiculous and incredible
‫ ﻣو ﺑل ﺣﯾف‬.5
5. muu bil Heif
Do not believe it
‫ راح ﯾﻛون ل ﺣﺳﺎب ﻋﺳﯾر‬.6

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6. raaH ykuun l Hisaab ‘aasiir

the price will be costly
(‫ ﻏوﻏﺎء )ﺗﺻرﯾﺣﺎت وﺷﻌﺎرات ﻏوﻏﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬.7
7. ghawgha?(taSriiHaat wa shi’aaraat ghawghaa?iy-ya)
demagogic statements and mottos (slogans)
‫ دﻋﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻐرﺿﺔ‬.8
8. Di’aaya mughridha
bad rumor against
‫ إﺗﮭﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﻠﻔﻘﺔ وﻣﻔﺑرﻛﺔ‬.9
9.?itaahaamaat mulaf-faqa wa mufabraka
falsified and fabricated accusations
‫ إﺗﮭﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻘﺔ‬.10
10. ?it-tihaamaat mukhtalaqa
invented and made up accusations
‫ ﻣﺣظ ھراء‬.11
11. maHdh huraa? Wa kathib
only idle talk
‫ ﺳﺧﯾف‬.12
12. sakhiif wa bala ma’ana
absurd
( adj ‫ ﺗﻔﺎھﺔ )ﺗﺎﻓﮫ‬.13
13. tafaaha ( taafih)
silliness ( silly)
‫ زاﺋﻔﺔ \ ﻣزﯾﻔﺔ‬.14
14. zaayfa
false /counterfeit
(‫ ﺑﺎطﻠﺔ \ ﻣﺎ إﻟﮭﺎ اﺳﺎس )ﻣﺎ إﻟﮭﺎ ﺻﺣﺔ‬.15
15. baaTila
invalid / baseless
! ‫ ﻋزﻣﻧﺎﻛم وﻣﺎ ﺑﯾﻧﺗو ﻋدﻧﺎ‬... ‫ ﺻﺎﯾر ﺣﺟﻠﻛم ﺛﻘﯾل‬..‫ ﺷو‬.16
16. Shuu…Saayir Hijilkum thqiil …a’zimnaakum w maabayintuu!
“your anklet has become heavy…we invited you but you did not show up”
You did not show up when we invited you.
‫ ﯾﺎ ﷲ وﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﻧروح‬ .17
17. diguul ya allah w khalli nruuH
Make your decision ( say yes,) and let us go.
‫ اي‬‫ واﻧﻌل ال ﺷﯾطﺎن و‬.... ‫ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺻـــﻔﻲ‬ ّ َ  .18
18. di Saf-fii galbak wi-yaana …..win’al il shayTaan wguul ?ii
“Make your heart pure with us .. condemn Satan and say yes”
Trust us and just say yes.
Concepts, Notions, Messages
Behind
Vernacular Words and Phrases

‫ﻣﻔردات وﺗﻌﺎﺑﯾر ﺟﻠﻔﯾﺔ‬

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Colloquial and or vernacular language is live and vital in a society. The expressions
are effective and have impact on the natives more than the same formulas used in the
school language. As a result of that I collected these words and or phrases for the
same cultural reason.

1. Shallow minded
Tartuur ‫طﺮطﻮور‬ TaraaTeer ‫طﺮاطﯿﺮ‬
stupid

dhaHil ‫ﺿﺤﻞ‬
Not educated

Muu shi ‫ﻣﻮو ﺷﻲ‬

Nothing

Muu halgad  ‫ﻣﻮو‬

Not that one

Faash shuushi ‫ﻓﺎﺷﻮووﺷﻲ‬

Not capable / weak

saTHee (‫ﺻﻄﺤـﻲ )ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‬

Superficial

muu halgad yiftihim ‫ ﯾﻔﺘﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮو‬

not very knowledgeable

m’aeidi ‫( ﻣﻌﯿﺪي‬among friends)

(Use it at the absence of the person)
naïve, primitive, people of the south who live in marshes

‘ajamei ‫( ﻋﺠﻤﻲ‬among friends)

(use it at the absence of the person)
not an Arab (idiot)

mTab bag ّ‫ﻣﻄـﺒــ‬

Cannot think
Maa yi’arif al kuu’a min buu’a ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف اﻟﻜﻮع ﻣﻦ ل ﺑﻮع‬
Cannot distinguish between an elbow and his arm
Not able to know a part from the hole

Ghasheem ‫ﻏﺸﯿﻢ‬
Naïve

shalau lau ‫ﺷﻠﻮﻟﻮ‬

not focused

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Maz’aTa ‫ﻣﺰﻋﻄﺔ‬
Childish

Qashmar ‫ﻗﺸﻤﺮ‬
Joker, silly, has no personality

Za’aTuuT ‫زﻋﻄﻮط‬
Childish

Ba’ada Katkuut w ma yi’arif halgad ‫ﺑﻌﺪه ﻛﺘﻜﻮوت وﻣﮫ ﯾﻌﺮف ھﻠـﻜـﮫ د‬

inexperienced

Athwal ‫أﺛﻮل‬
Not smart, stupid, oblivious

Mithilil ?aTrash bil zaffa ‫ﻣﺜـﻠﻞ أطﺮش ﺑﻞ زﻓﺔ‬

“Like a deaf in a wedding”
Somebody who does not know what is going on

Ablah ‫أﺑﻠﮫ‬
Imbecile

‘ainda koilaat ‫ﻋﻨﺪه ﻛﻮﯾﻼت‬ ( Moslawi)

insane

zmaal / zmaayil ‫زﻣﺎل \ زﻣﺎﯾﻞ‬

donkey =stupid

Hmaar mTab-baq ( ‫ﺣﻤﺎر ﻣﻄﺒﻖ ) ﻣﻂ‬

Too stupid

Khirfaan ‫ﺧﺮﻓﺎن‬
Oblivious

M’arbil ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺑﻞ‬
Not organized

Mkharbat ‫ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻂ‬
Not organized

2. Disliked one(s)
Nijis ‫ ﻧﺠﺲ‬Nijseen ‫ﻧﺠﺴﯿﻦ‬
Nigis  nigseen 
Dirty, unclean

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Faasiq  faasqeen 

Lewd, depraved

Jaban / Jubanaa ‫ﺟﺒﺎن \ ُﺟﺒﻨﺎء‬

Coward

Sarimpaara ‫ﺻﺮﻣﺒﺎره‬
Playboy, mobster (negative)

J’ainkii ‫ﺟﻌﻨﻜﻲ‬
Quarrelsome, he likes to fight people

Shaqii ‫ﺷﻘﻲ‬
Bandit, he does illegal things

Safiih ‫ﺳﻔﯿﮫ‬
Unrestrained, silly

Mla’ab (‫ﻣﻠﻌﺐ )ة‬

Wanton (f.) , cunning

Miftiree ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺮي‬
slanderer, backstabber

Fat taan ‫ﻓﺘﺎن‬

Trouble maker

Fad waaHid zinkh ‫ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ زﻧﺦ \ زﻧﺨﯿﻦ‬

Rancid, indecent

Ta’aal la tmaSikh nafsak bee ‫ﺗﻌﺎل ﻻ ﺗﻤﺼﺦ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﻲ ي‬

Do not degrade yourself to his ( that) level

Fad waaHid ma yistaHee ‫ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻣﮫ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻲ‬

A shameless guy

Mgaddee w ma shaayif ‫ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻜﺪي وﻣﮫ ﺷﺎﯾﻒ‬

Behaves like a peddler with little experience

Yoslak lil may wyraj’ak ‘aaTshaan ‫ﯾﻮﺻﻠﻚ ﻋﻞ ﺷﻂ وﯾﺮﺟﻌﻚ ﻋﻄﺸﺎن‬

He takes you to water but brings you back thirsty

Maa yilchi ‘ala dhahra maay ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ظﮭﺮه ﻣﺎي‬
Someone snakes others

Dammu thaqeel (thajeel) ‫دﻣﻮ ﺛﺠـﯿﻞ‬

“ He has a heavy blood”
not liked by people

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makharbaT ‫ﻣﺨﺮﺑﻂ‬
not focused, disorganized

3. Liked ones
?aadami ibin ?awaadim ‫)آدﻣﻲ( إﺑﻦ ل أوادم‬
“son of persons”
A good person

shakhs muHtaram ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺤﺘﺮم‬ naas muHtarameen ‫ﻧﺎس ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻣﯿﻦ‬

respectful man/ men

min ‘aa?ila Tayba ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ طﯿﺒﺔ‬

He is of a good family

?aaadami ma’aruuf ‫? آدﻣﻲ ﻣﻌﺮوف‬awaadim ma’aruufeen ‫أوادم ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﯿﻦ‬

a known person/ well known people

Khosh walad w Tayib ‫ﺧﻮش وﻟﺪ طﯿﺐ‬

A nice person

Khosh u wlaad u Taybeen ‫ﺧﻮش اوﻻد طﯿﺒﯿﻦ‬

“Good folks and nice”
Nice people

Abul Hamuula ‫اﺑﻮ ل ﺣﻤﻮﻟﮫ‬

“father of goodness”
A purple heart man

nashmee w akhu khayta ‫ﻧﺸﻤﻲ اﺧﻮ ﺧﯿﺘﮫ‬

“courageous and brother of his sister”
good friend and loyal

ahil lil nakhwa wil shajaa’a ‫اھﻞ ل ﻧﺨﻮة ول ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬

“One who has dignity and courage”
He is a man of ethics and bravery

sakhee w ‘aeina milyaana ‫ﺳﺨﻲ وﻋﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻠﯿﺎﻧﮫ‬

“He is generous and his eyes full”
Generous and wealthy

hathola shaayfeen ‫ھﺬوﻟﮫ ﺷﺎﯾﻔﯿﻦ‬

“These people have seen”
They are rich and experienced

walla rif’at raas ‫وﷲ رﻓﻌﺔ راس‬

He is someone that you are Proud of

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Nashmii w akhu khayta  ‫ﻧﺸﻤﻲ واﺧﻮ‬

“ he is brave and the bother of his sister”
He is honest and brave

4. Revenge /Attack
allah kareem beinee w beinak ‫ﷲ ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﯿﻨﻲ وﺑﯿﻨﻚ‬
“God is generous between you and me”
I promise you will have it from me

wallah ma nkhaleel kum iyaa ‫وﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺨﻠﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﻢ إ ﯾﺎه‬

“By God we will not let it for you”
we’ll revenge

wallahi ma nkhalleeha bkeeskum (Moslawi) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺨﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﻜﯿﺴﻜﻢ‬

“we do not leave it for you”
We’ll revenge

hay ma raah truuh (lkum) b balaash ‫ھﺎي ﻣﮫ راح ﺗﺮووح ) ل ﻛﻢ ( ب ﺑﻼش‬

“this will not go for free”
You will be punished for that
You will never get away with it

Hay maraaH ?afawitlak yaaha ‫ھﺎي ﻣﺎ راح اﻓﻮﺗﻠﻚ ﯾﺎھﺎ‬

“I will never let it go”
you will never evade my wrath
I will never forgive you

raaH tiTla’a min khashimkum ‫راح ﺗﻄﻠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﻤﻜﻢ‬

“it will come out of your nose”
You will pay for that

raaH ?aTali’a ‘aeinteinak ‫راح أطﻠﻠﻊ ﻋﯿﻨﺘﯿﻨﻚ‬

“we will take out your eyes”
We will punish you

riga’aa braajdi wkhalee yruuH ‫ ﺒﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ)ﺭﺍﺠﺩﻱ( وﺧﻠﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﺮووح‬

“ spank him and let him go”
kick him out of here

Yam ‘aw wad, ?idhriba bchillaaq ‫ إﺿﺮﺑﮫ ب ﺟﻼق‬، ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد‬

ّ “Moslawi “
“Man, kick him with your foot”
kick him out of here

nkhaleehum yakluun il mur ‫ﻣـﺮ‬ُ ‫ﻧﺨﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﯾﺎﻛﻠﻮن ل‬

“we let them eat the bitter”

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let them suffer from us

Dagga b dagga 

One for one

wiHda b wiHda ‫وﺣﺪه ب وﺣﺪه‬

one for one

il ‘aein bil ‘aein wil sin bil sin ‫إل ﻋﯿﻦ ﺑﻞ ﻋﯿﻦ ول ﺳﻦ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻦ‬
an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
equal punishment or revenge

gaSa b gaSa ‫ﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺔ ﺏ‬

one for one

daghdigha shwaya ‫( دغ دﻏﮫ ﺷﻮﯾﮫ‬Moslawi)

tickle him a bit
attack skillfully, lure in

al-sin-nu bis-sin wal ‘aynu bil ‘ayn ‫ال ﺳﻦ ﺑﻞ ﺳﻦ وال ﻋﯿﻦ ﺑﻞ ﻋﯿﻦ‬
“tooth for tooth and eye for eye”
equal revenge

Inbish abu abuu ‫اﻧﺒﺶ أﺑﻮ أﺑﻮه‬

“ exhume his grandfather”
attack him

?aani ?ilak ? ‫آﻧﻲ إﻟﻚ‬

I am here for you

raaH takilha minni ‫راح ﺗﺎﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻨﻲ‬

You’ ll get it from me.

raaH ?akuun waraak waraak ‫راح اﻛﻮن وراك وراك‬

I will chase you.

5. Sneaky Guys
Min jawa lee jaw wa ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه ﻟﻲ ﺟﻮه‬
secretly

Maay min jaw wa tibin ‫ﺟﻮه ﺗﺒﻦ‬

ّ ‫ﻣﺎ ي ﻣﻦ‬
Like a water under the hay

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Haya ‫ﺣﯿﺔ‬
Snake

‘agrab  (‫) ﻋﻘﺮب‬

Scorpion

Yildigh ‫ﯾﻠـﺪغ‬
He bites

Theeb ‫ذﯾﺐ‬
Wolf ( symbol of violence)

Deensiz ‫ دﯾــﻦ ﺳﺰ‬tough , no religion

He has no ethics

Hitlee ‫ھﺘﻠﻲ‬
Cares not

Hay yaal ‫ﺣﯿــﺎل‬

ّ
Cheater/ tricky

?a’awaj w maa yit’ad dal ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺪل‬

ّ ‫أﻋﻮج وﻣﺎ‬
crooked

fad nathil ‫ﻓﺪ ﻧﺬل‬

vile

la?iim ‫ﻟﺌﯿﻢ‬
mean

nammam ‫ﻧﻤﺎم‬
ّ
Backbite

Bil wichih mraaya wbil Gifa silaaya ‫ﺳﻼﯾﮫ‬ ‫ وﺑﻞ‬،‫ﺑﻞ وﺟﮫ ﻣﺮاﯾﺎ‬
Hypocrite

Mithlil Hay ya yildigh w ydhim ‫ﻣﺜﻞ إل ﺣﯿﺔ ﯾﻠﺪغ وﯾﻀﻢ راﺳﮫ‬

Like a snake bites and hides

Maala rad-daad wala Sad-daad ‫ﻣﺎﻻ رداد وﻻ ﺻﺪاد‬

Mahad yrid da ‫ﯾﺮده‬
ّ ‫ﻣﺤﺪ‬
He is doing everything the way he likes
He is over the law

Kaawaliya ‫ﻛﺎوﻟﯿﮫ‬
Very primitive / gypsy style

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6. Talkative
Tharthaar ‫ﺛﺮﺛﺎر‬
Talkative

Laghwachi ‫ﻟــﻐـﻮﺟـﻲ‬
َ َ
Speaks nonsense

Di w waay ‫دو واي‬

Talks too much

leish yi’arif yogaf (‫ ) ﯾﺴﻜﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺶ ﯾﻌﺮف‬

he does not stop talking

liman yiHchi . ma yi’arif yogaf  ‫ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺤﺠﻲ ﻣﮫ ﯾﻌﺮف‬

he speaks and never stops

mihthaar ‫ﻣﮭﺬار‬
talkative

makiina ‫ﻣﻜﯿﻨﺔ‬
a machine
Talkative / eats a lot

Dar-raasa ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ّ
A thresher
Non stop talking or eating

7. Questioning a point?
sh’aleik ‫ﺷﻌــﻠﯿﻚ‬

what is it to you?
This has nothing to do with you.

‘alweish ‫ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺶ‬
why?

Shilak ‘alei ‫ﺷﻠﻚ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬

What is that you have done for him?

Shilak bii ‫ﺷﻠﻚ ﺑﻲ ؟‬

What do you do with it?
What for?

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Winta maalak ‫وﻧﺖ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬

What is it yours? Why interfere?

Yaahu beek ‫ﯾﺎھﻮ ﺑﯿﻚ‬

Why do you get involved?

Billah ‘aleik ? ‫ﺑﻠﻠﮫ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ؟‬

Is that right?
Are you kidding me ?

8. Rebuke
ّ
raz zal ta razaala min hal tiswa ‫رزل ﺗﮫ رزاﻟﮫ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺗﺴﻮى‬
I admonished him
I criticized him severely by talking to him
I admonished him

sabbaHta sibiH ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺘﮫ ﺳﺒﺢ‬

ّ
“ I washed him well”
I criticized him

Naga’ata tnangee’aa 

“ I drenched him with water to a point he never forgets it in his life”
I rebuked him severely

hacheita 
criticized him severely

Yit jaa waz Had da ‫ﯾﺘﺠﺎوز ﺣﺪه‬

Goes beyond the limits

Yit’adda il marHala ‫ﯾﺘﻌﺪى ال ﺣﺪود‬

Stepped over the line

Ma tia’mal . Min duun waaHid yrazlak ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﮫ دوون واﺣﺪ ﯾﺮزﻟﻚ‬
You do not work unless somebody criticizes you severely

Wabbakha taw beekh ‫وﺑﺨﮫ ﺗﻮﺑﯿﺦ‬

ّ
Reprimand him

Yikfeek min hal jal jaluutiyaat maltak ‫ﯾﻜﻔﯿﻚ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺗﯿﺎت ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻚ‬

Enough using your own empty tricks

Ma tuskut w tushkur rabbak daa tishtughul ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺴﻜﺖ وﺗﺸﻜﺮ رﺑﻚ دا ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ‬
Keep silent, Praise god you are working

ma tuskut . Gulee shgad tilghee ‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﮫ ت ﺗﻠﻐﻲ‬. ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺴﻜﺖ‬

silent. You talk too much

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gullee ma tistaHee ‘ala nafasak ‫ﻛﻮﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﮫ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬

aren’t you ashamed of yourself?

mat truuH twalee ‫ﻣﺘﺮووح ﺗﻮﻟـﻲ‬

Leave here.
This cannot be.

inqili’a minna ‫إﻧﻘﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ‬

Go away from here.

Khalleeni b waHdee w ruuH ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻨﻲ وﺣﺪي و رووح‬

Leave me alone. You go.

Ma tin chap tuskut. ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﻨﺠـﺐ ﺗﺴﻜﺖ‬

Why don’t you shut up!

inchap 
Shut up/ Go out of sight

wala kilma ‫وﻻ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬

I do not want to hear another word

ruuH min gidam ‘aeinee ‫ )ﺟﺪام( ﻋﯿﻨﻲ‬ ‫رووح ﻣﻦ‬

Go out of sight

abadan mareed ashufak ‫اﺑﺪاً ﻣﺎ رﯾﺪ اﺷﻮوﻓﻚ‬

I do not want to see you at all

walee min gidaam ‘aeinee ‫وﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺪام ) ﺟﺪام( ﻋﯿﻨﻲ‬

Disappear/ Go out of sight / vanish

Kharra bhal shaarib ‫ﺧﺮا ﺑﮭﻞ ﺷﺎرب‬

“pooh on your moustache”
shut up you coward

‘aab hal shakil ‫ﻋﺎب ھﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ‬

fie upon you “you’re an ugly face”

yTiba Tob ‫ﯾﻄﺒﮫ طﻮب ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﯾﻮﻟﻲ‬

ignore him, let him go to blazes

9. Complaining
Allah yiHfatha. ma yinjiri’a ‫ﷲ ﯾﺤﻔﻈﮫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺠﺮع‬
You cannot get along with him

Fad taafih. MaHad yitHamala ‫ﻣﺤﺪ ﯾﺘﺤﻤﻠﻠﮫ‬.. ‫ﻓﺪ ﺗﺎﻓﮫ‬

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He is silly… no one can bear him

Fad najis. Maa reed ashuufa ‫ ﻣﮫ رﯾﺪ اﺷﻮوﻓﮫ‬.. ‫ﻓﺪ ﻧﺠﺲ‬

He is rancid…. I do not want to see him.

Shid gulla l haatha 

ˮ
΍άϫϝ
ͿϮϛΩΪη
“What can you say to him!”
you cannot get along with him.
I do not know how to deal with him

Lii ‘atab ‘aaleik ‫ﻟﻲ ﻋﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

I put the blame on you

L’atab ‘aleik ‫ل ﻋﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

The blame is on you

?il lom ‘aleik ‫إل اﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

the blame is on you

Hay l kheesa raaH tiTla’a ‫ھﺎي ل ﺧﯿﺴﺔ ﻓﺪ ﯾﻮم راح ﺗﻄﻠﻊ‬

One day all this shit will be revealed

Muu nsalag ?abuuna ‫ﻣﻮو إﻧﺴﻠﻚ ) إﻧﺴﻠﻖ( اﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬

We are suffering a lot
Talla’au mayna ‫طﻠﻠﻌﻮ ﻣﺎﯾﻨﺎ‬
“they take water out of us”
they gave us hard time

Muu hilkona halik ‫ﻣﻮو ھﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎ ھﻠﻚ‬

They exhausted us

Maa khallo Haal biina ‫ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻠﻮ ﺑﯿﻨﺎ ﺣﺎل‬

“never let conditions for us”
they treat us badly

Hirgaw abu abuuna ‫) ﺣﺮﻗﻮ( اﺑﻮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬

Nibshaw ?abu ?abuuna ‫ﻧﺒﺸﻮ اﺑﻮ اﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬
“they exhumed the father of our father”
they gave us a hard time

Li’abaw biina shaaTi baaTi ‫ﻟﻌﺒﻮ ﺑﯿﻨﺎ ﺷﺎطﻲ ﺑﺎطﻲ‬

They hassled us

Mashghuliin manigdar nHuk raasna ‫ﻧﺤﻚ رووﺳﻨﺎ‬‫ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﮫ‬

“ We are busy. We cannot itch our heads.”
We are too busy

Wallah maa ‘aidna wagit  ‫وﷲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﻧﺎ‬

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In fact, we do not have time.

Haqiiqatan, hay muu khosh Haala ‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ ھﺎي ﻣﻮو ﺧﻮش ﺣﺎﻟﮫ‬
In fact, we are in a bad condition

Shinii hay l bahdala ‫ﺷﻨﮭﻲ ھﺎي ل ﺑﮭﺪﻟﺔ‬

What is this misery?
Why do you bear these inconveniences?

Naas takil dijaaj w naas titlaga il ‘ajaaj

‫ وﻧﺎس ﺗﺘﻠﻜﻰ ) ﺗﺘﻠﻘﻰ( ل ﻋﺠﺎج‬، ‫ﻧﺎس ﺗﺎﻛﻞ دﺟﺎج‬
Life is not fair
“Some people eat chicken, whereas others receive sand twisters”

‫ ﺧﺮي ﻣﺮي‬... ‫ﺷﻌﻨﺪك ﻛﻠﺴﻊ راﯾﺢ ﺟﺎي‬

Sh’aindak rayiH jay ….. khiree miree
Why are you going (coming) back and forth?

10.Ploys and Tricks

Klaawaat ‫ھﺎي ﻛﻼوات‬

“These are hats”
These are tricks

La tbee’a l klaawaat ‘aleina ‫ﻻ ﺗﺒﯿﻊ ل ﻛﻼوات ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬

“ do not sell hats for us”
Do not play tricks

Labasa klaawaat ‫ﻟـــﺒــّﺴﮫ ﻛﻼوات‬

“put hats on him”
He played tricks on him

Mla’a ‘ab ‫ﻣﻠﻌــﺐ‬

ّ
“wanton”
He plays games

churug 
useless/ fruitless

Haay manjasa : ‫ھﺎي ﻣﻨﺠﺴﺔ‬

This is bad (a dirty game)

Ma tutruk hay manaajisak ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺘﺮك ھﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺴﻚ‬

You do not stop your dirty games

Tirgaa’a souda ‫ ﺳﻮده‬‫ﻁ‬

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calamity

Taw wakhitha ‫طﻮه ﺧﺘﮭـﺎ‬

ّ
You are overdoing it

La tqashmirna bklaawaatak ‫ﻻ ﺗﻘﺸﻤﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﻼواﺗﻚ‬

Do not fool us with your tricks

hatha fad waaHid maaku takka ‫ھﺬا ﻓﺪ واﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻮ ﺗﻜﮫ‬

He is the worst

haay khuza’abulaat ‫ھﺎي ﺧﺰﻋﺒﻼت‬

These are ploys.

Shini haayil jaljaluutiyaat? ‫ﺷﻨﮭﻲ ھﺎي ل ﺟﻠﺠﻠﻮﻟﯿﺎت‬

What are these tricks?

Haaykhid’a ‫ھﺎي ﺧﺪﻋﺔ‬

This is a trick

tadhliil ‫ﺗﻀﻠﯿﻞ‬
Allusion, misleading

10. Warning
La tzaghil ‫ﺗﺰﻏــﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﻻ‬
Do not play tricks

La tsakh-khit ‫ﺗﺴﺨــﺖ‬
ّ ‫ﻻ‬
Do not play games

bala fayda ‫ﺑﻼ ﻓﺎﯾﺪة‬

in vain

ma yistaHi ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﺘﺤﻲ‬

shameless

ma duus ‘aal takhta chirga ‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺪوس ﻋﻞ ﺗﺨﺘﮫ ﺟﺮﻛﮫ‬

“ do not tread the bad rung”
Don’t do something wrong to irritate others

Maakhith il shaghla gotra  ‫ﻣﺎﺧﺬ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬

He does what he likes

Maakhithha haya yallah ͿΎ

ϴΣ
ΎϫάΧΎ
ϣ

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Not serious

Makhithha chata ‫ﺟﺘﮫ‬

No rules

La tiksir il jarra ‫ﺟﺮة‬

ّ ‫ﻻ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ إل‬
“Do not break the jar”
do not violate the rules
Don’t offend people

la tthakhinha hwaaya ‫ﻻ ﺗﺜﺨﻨﮭﺎ‬

don’t over do it

maakhithha shaaTi baaTi ‫ﻣﺎ ﺧﺬھﺎ ﺷﺎطﻲ ﺑﺎطﻲ‬

you have not taken it seriously

kaafi ti’amal qaarish warish ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﺎرش وارش‬

enough playing tricks

hallis nafsak ‫ﺧﻠﺺ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ‬

save yourself

kulmin yTal-li’a Hmaara mnil waHil ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻦ ﯾﻄﻠﻊ ﺣﻤﺎره ﻣﻨﻞ وﺣﻞ‬
“every one saves his donkey from mud.”
Save your butt

lamlim jaly-yilak wiTla’a min – ana ‫ﻟﻤﻠﻢ ﺟﻠﯿﻠﻚ وإطﻠﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻧﺎ‬

“collect your clothes and leave”
Please, take your ass from here and leave
Heck with you … get out

12.Refusing
matruuH mina ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺮووح ﻣﻨﺎ‬
“Go away from here”
Do not suggest so.

Shda tiHchi ‫ﺷﺪه ﺗﺤﺠـﻲ‬

What are you saying?
Do not say so. I do not accept.

Da yithrim thuum braasna ‫دﯾﺜﺮم ﺛﻮم ﺑﺮاﺳﻨﺎ‬

“ he is cutting garlic on our heads”
he is only showing off

Da ykhar-rif ‫ﯾﺨﺮف‬ّ ‫دا‬

He is incoherent

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Da yihthii ‫دا ﯾﮭﺬي‬

Hallucinated

Kalaam kuluu miz’aTa ‫ﻛﻼم ﻛﻠﻮ ﻣﺰﻋﻄﺔ‬

Nonsense speech

La tiSTiniT . Kuluu chithib ( ‫ﻻ ﺗﺼﻄﻨﻂ ﻛﻠﻮ ﺟـﺬب ) ﻛﺬب‬

Do not listen to it is all lie
Haay sa’aba tSiir ‫ھﺎي ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ ﺗﺼﯿﺮ‬
This can not happen

La tliH haatha mustaHiil ‫ﻻ ﺗﻠﺢ ھﺬا ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ‬

Do not insist. This is impossible.

Wda’ati wda’atak haatha ma ySiir ‫ودﻋﺘﻲ ودﻋﺘﻚ ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬

I promise you. This will not happen.

?aani wyaak nitshaarat … haatha maa mumin ySiir. ‫ ھﺬا ﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬... ‫آﻧﻲ وﯾﺎك ﻧﺘﺸﺎرط‬
Let me tell you this won’t happen.

T’aal nitshaaraT…. Haatha mustaHiil ySiir ‫ﺗﻌﺎل ﻧﺘﺸﺎرط ھﺬا ﻣﺴﺘﺤﯿﻞ ﯾﺼﯿﺮ‬
I tell you this won’t happen

?aani maa muaafiq (mwaafij) ‘ala illi tguula ‫آﻧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻲ دﻛﻮوﻟﮫ‬
I do not agree on what you just said

Haay kharaabiiT laa tSadga ‫ھﺎي ﺧﺮاﺑﯿﻂ ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪ‬

These are ramblings that you do not trust

Ya’ani sh?a -sawiilak ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺷﺄﺳﻮﯾﻠﻚ‬

What can I do?

13. Ignoring
shgad tilbas ‫ﺷﻜﺪ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ‬
“ what size of shoes do you wear”
do not listen to him

la tiSTiniT ‘alei ‫ﻻ ﺗﺼﻄﻨﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬

Do not listen to him

La tsimtimi’a ?ila ’a khalli ywalli ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ إﻟﮫ ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﯾﻮﻟﻠﻲ‬

Do not listen to him. Neglect him.

Ma ‘aleik minna ‫ﻣﻌﻠﯿﻚ ﻣﻨﻨﮫ‬

Do not listen to him.

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Leave him alone

Do not do what he tells you to do

?ihmilla ‫إھﻤﻠﮫ‬
Neglect him. Forget about him.

?insaa ‫إﻧﺴﺎه‬
Forget about him.

‘auufa khal-li yawl-li ‫ ﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﯾﻮﻟﻲ‬.....‫ﻋﻮوﻓﮫ‬

Neglect him. Let him go.

14.Advice
il li faat maat ‫اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﺎت ﻣﺎت‬
“ what had passed is dead”
forget about the past

iftaH SafHa jidiida ‫إﻓﺘﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة‬

open a new page

Maaku daa’aee ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻮ داﻋﻲ‬

You do not need that

‘auudein nshuuf? ‫ﻋﻮد )ﯾﻦ( ﻧﺸﻮف‬

we’ll see later.

I’amalha wala yhimmmak ‫ﯾﮭﻤـﻚ‬

ّ ‫إﻋﻤﻠﮭﺎ وﻻ‬
Just do it

Hay naHaasa ‫ھﺎي ﻧﺤﺎﺳﺔ‬

evil

Sawwa hal dagga wiyaana ‫ وﯾﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮا ھﻞ‬

ّ
He mistreated us

la tluuSha ‘aleina ‫ﻻ ﺗﻠﻮﺻﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬

do not mess things up for us
do not confuse us

‘ala mahlak shwaya shwaya ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻚ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ‬

slow down a bit
little by little

yawash yawaash ‘ala mahlak ‫ﯾﻮاش ﯾﻮاش ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﮭﻠﻚ‬

do not hurry. slow down

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bil ‘ajala al nadaama ‫ﺑﻞ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ل ﻧﺪاﻣﺔ‬

high speed bring about regret

la tliH hwaaya ‫ﻻ ﺗﻠﺢ ھﻮاﯾﺔ‬

do not insist too much

shwaya lajuuj ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﺠﻮج‬

You are a bit enthusiastic

?oSii b?an laa____________ ‫أوﺻﻲ ﺑــ‬

I recommend that _________________

naSiiHatii ?ilak _____________ ‫ﻧﺼﯿﺤﺘﻲ إﻟﻚ‬

my advice to you ______________

?aqtariH _________________ ‫أﻗﺘﺮح‬

I suggest ____________________

minal ?afdhal _____________ ‫ﻣﻨﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ‬

you’d better ________________

?aHsanlak ______________ ‫أﺣﺴﻦ ﻟﻚ‬

you’d rather _______________

‘aeib ‘aleik ti’amalha ‫ﻋﯿﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬

shame on you to do that

khalliik saakit hassa ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﺳﺎﻛﺖ ھﺴﮫ‬

wait . be calm. Silence

?iTwi il SafHa ‫إطﻮي ل ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬

Turn the page. Forget about it.

latliH hwaaya ‫ﻻ ﺗﻠﺢ ھﻮاﯾﺔ‬

Do not insist too much

?inta muu maal waaHid yinSaHak ! ‫إﻧﺖ ﻣﻮو ﻣﺎل واﺣﺪ ﯾﻨﺼﺤﻚ‬
It is better not to advise you. You do not listen.

Ym’aw- wad maa tbaTil min hal salfaatak ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻄﻞ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺎﺗﻚ‬
You should stop playing games.

La tmid rijlak (?eedak) ?akthar min Had-dak ‫ﻻ ﺗﻤﺪ رﺟﻠﻚ )اﯾﺪك( اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪك‬
Do not stretch your leg(hand) more than your limit

15. Play Truancy

shila’a– ha ‫ﺷــﻠــﻌﮭﺎ‬
َ ِ

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he ran

ishlaa’ ‫إﺷﻠﻊ‬
Run
The whole stake (gambling)

idhrib w ishlaa’ ‫إﺿﺮب وإﺷﻠﻊ‬

hit and run

sakhtachi ‫ﺳﺨـﺘــﺠــﻲ‬
َ َ
Not dependable

Yithribha chata w yruuh mnil shugil ‫ﯾﻀﺮﺑﮭﺎ ﺟﺘﮫ وﯾﺮووح ﻣﻨﻞ ﺷﻐﻞ‬
To play truant

ّ
Gaam ysakhit ‫ﯾﺴﺨﺖ‬ ‫ﻛـﺎم‬
Plays games

Seibandi ‫ﺳﯿﺒﻨﺪي‬
Cunning

?inhizam w saabil ___________ __________ ‫إﻧﮭﺰم و ﺳﺎب إل‬

he ran and left _____________________

shakhS inhizaamin ‫ﺷﺨﺺ إﻧﮭﺰاﻣﻲ‬

He is irresponsible

Bal-laaf ‫ﺑﻼف‬ّ
He bluffs people

?intihaaazi ‫إﻧﺘﮭﺎزي‬
opportunists

munaafiq ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖ‬
Hypocrite

?a’awaj ‫اﻋﻮج‬
Crooked

La t’awil ‘alei ‫ﻻ ﺗﻌﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬

Do not depend on him.

Ya khaayis ‫ﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﯾﺲ‬

“ you rotten”
harmful
saafil ‫ﺳﺎﻓﻞ‬
low person, scum

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16. Bravery and Courage

sabi’a ‫ﺳﺒـﻊ‬
ِ َ
A lion = brave

faHil ‫ﻓـﺤـﻞ‬
Manly = bold

‘al makshuuf ‫ﻋﻞ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف‬

does not hide things = open and brave

may ykhaaf ‫ﻣﮫ ﯾﺨﺎف‬

fearless

nashmee w ?akhu khayta ‫ﻧﺸﻤﻲ و اﺧﻮ ﺧﮫ ﯾﺘﮫ‬

brave and loyal

SaaHib nakhwa w shahaama ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺨﻮه وﺷﮭﺎﻣﺔ‬

Man of dignity

Rijaal ‫رﺟﺎل‬
Brave, manly

Mayinkhaaf ‘aleik ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺨﺎف ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

Dependable

?inta mgad ha  ‫إﻧﺖ‬

you deserve it (compliment)
You are qualified

?inta mgadha w zaayid ‫وزاﯾﺪ‬‫إﻧﺖ‬

You are over qualified

win-ni’aim ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ ِ ِ ‫وﻧـ‬

you are competent

waaHid yi’atimid ‘alei ‫واﺣﺪ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬

waaHid yi’atimid ‘alei

yumkin t’aw-wil ‘alei ‫ﺗﻌﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬

ّ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
he is dependable

huwa shawka b’ayuun il Haaqidiin ‫ﺷﻮﻛﺔ ﺑﻌﯿﻮن إل ﺣﺎﻗﺪﯾﻦ‬

“He is a thorn in the eyes of the envious people”
he is a thrust in their eyes

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17. Offering Gifts

Igbal ha (‫ ) إﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ‬
take (it-feminine),
accept(it-feminine)

Bil ‘aurtha ‫ﺑﻞ ﻋـﺮﺿﮫ‬

Have it

Hay hadiya minee ilak ‫ھﺎي ھﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﻨﻲ إﻟﻚ‬

This is a gift from me to you

RuuH fidwa ilak ‫ﺗﺮووح ﻓﺪوه إﻟﻚ‬

“I sacrifice it for you”
Have it / take
Do not worry about losing it

Yam’awad Khaleeha truuH L khaTir ‘ayuunak ‫ﯾﻤﻌﻮد ﺧﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺗﺮووح ل ﺧﺎطﺮ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻚ‬
“let it go as a sacrifice for your eyes”
Do not worry about losing it

Ghaali wil talab rakhiiS ‫ﻏﺎﻟﻲ ول طﻠﺐ رﺧﯿﺺ‬

“ expensive and the demand is cheap”
Have it. Take it.
I offer it to you.
You are valuable and what you ask for is cheap.

18. Promise
Khithha min hal shaarbein (‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺷﺎرﺑﯿﻦ ) ﺷﻮارب‬
“take it from my moustache”
I promise to do it for you

Khitha min hal shaarib ‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺷﺎرب‬

“ take it from this moustache”
I will do it for you

Khith ha min ‘aindee ‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي‬

“take it from me”
I promise I will do it for you

bil quraan bit Talaaq ‫ﺑﻞ ﻗﺮآن ﺑﻂ طﻼك‬

“ By Qurran by Divorce”
I swear I do it for you.

bith thalaatha ‫ﺑﺚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬

In three
Religious swear

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khith ha min hay l ‘aeintein ‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺘﯿﻦ‬

“take it from both eyes”
Okay. I do it.

min ‘ayuuni ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﻲ‬

“from my eyes”
Yes.
I do it for you.

maani abu (flaan) itha maa saweit lakiya ‫ﻣﺂﻧﻲ اﺑﻮ ) ﻓﻼن( اذا ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﯾﺘﻠﻚ ﯾﺎ‬
“I am not the father of ____if I do not do it for you.”
I will do my best to make it happen.

maa ibin abuuy itha ma saweelak iya ‫ﻣﺎ إﺑﻦ أﺑﻮي إذا ﻣﺎ اﺳﻮﯾﻠﻚ ﯾﺎ‬
“ I am not the son of my father if I do not fulfill it.”
I interfere to make it happen

?ana maa ismee _____ itha maa saweelak ya ‫أﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ إﺳﻤﻲ ____ إذا ﻣﺎ أﺳﻮﯾﻠﻚ ﯾﺎ‬
“ my name is not _____if I do not fulfill that”
I personally interfere to make it happen

Khuthha mi hal ‘aeintein ‫ﺧﺬھﺎ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﺘﯿﻦ‬

Take it from my two eyes
You are welcome

19. Humiliation
inta wqundartee ‫إﻧﺖ وﻗﻨﺪرﺗﻲ‬
“ you are my shoes”

raaH ?akhaliik jaw –wa qundartee ‫راح اﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﺟﻮه ﻗﻨﺪرﺗﻲ‬

“ I will put you under my shoes”

inta wil qundra . shitreed dsawee saw wee ‫ ﺳﻮي‬.... ‫ ﺷﺖ ﺗﺴﻮي‬.. ‫إﻧﺖ ول ﻗﻨﺪره‬
“ you are my shape… do whatever you can”

inta w yamanee (‫إﻧﺖ وﻗﻨﺪرﺗﻲ )ﯾﻤﻨﻲ‬

“You are my shoes-sandals”

RaaH ?athribak bil ?eimani ti’arif. ‫ ﺗﻌﺮف‬.. ‫راح أﺿﺮﺑﻚ ﺑﻞ إﯾﻤﻨﻲ‬

“ I will beat you with my shoes…you know.”

dhibba ‫ﺿـﺐ ﺑﮫ‬ ِ

control (him)

Lak dhibba ‫ﻟﻚ ﺿﺐ ﺑﮫ‬

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Man. You need to control him

itfil bwicha ‫ﺑﻮﺟـﮫ‬

‫إﺗﻔﻞ ﱢ‬
spit on his face

Sach-cham (harass using words) ‫ﺹ‬

Make negative comments

khirag ____ . not important ‫ ﺧﺮ‬، ‫ﺧﺮ‬

old cloth
not important man, weak

huwa khirgat ______. (he is only a ___ ) ....... (‫ـﺔ ) ﺧﺮﻗﺔ‬‫ھﻮ ﺧﺮ‬
He is insignificant

Khara bhal shaarib ‫ﺧﺮا ﺑﮭﻞ ﺷﺎرب‬

“pooh on your moustache”
you coward

Tiz ‘aleek w ‘ala li jaabak ‫طﺰ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ وﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﺑﻚ‬

Shame on you

This can be found in phrases as curse:

tkhasa : ‫ﺗﺨﺴﮫ‬
shame on you.

Timaami: yTImmak = ‫ﯾــﻄـﻤـﻚ‬

‫ِ ﱠ‬ ‫طـﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬
ِ (Moslawi)
Shame on you

9amma: ‫ﻋـﻤـﮫ‬
َ َ whoops!
Shame on you

9uuda: ‫ﻋﻮوده‬
Go from here evil

‘auuda ….hal chahratil zifr ‫ھﻞ ﺟﮭﺮات ل زﻓﺮه‬.... ‫ﻋﻮده‬

Shame on you

Skhuuna iTtimmak w Tim kul ‘aar mithlak ‫ وﺗﻄﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺎر ﻣﺜﻠﻚ‬، ‫إطﻤﻚ‬
ّ ‫ﺻﺨﻮوﻧﺔ‬

Khazeituuna ‫( ﺧﺰﯾﺘﻮﻧﮫ‬Moslawi)
You shamed us

Fash-shaltuuna ‫( ﻓﺸﻠﺘﻮﻧﮫ‬Moslawi)
You fail us

Hiya dhraT biDh-raaT ‫ھﻲ ﺿﺮاط ب ﺿﺮاط‬

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“it is fart by fart”

It is unimportant
No one takes it seriously

Malaa-‘aiin ‫ﻣﻼﻋﯿﻦ‬
Cunning people

Ham ‘aajba il thibaan yfasi ‫ھﻢ ﻋﺎﺟﺒﺔ إل ذﺑﺎن ﯾﻔﺴﻲ‬

A fly also likes to fart
Someone who shows that he is important whereas he is not.

20. Match or Mismatch

tluug ‫ﺗﻠﻮو‬
Match

mat luug ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﻠﻮو‬

Mismatch

Laayig (‫) ﻻﯾﻖ‬

Appropriate

mu laayig  ‫ﻣﻮو‬

Inappropriate

tirham ‫ﺗﺮھﻢ‬
Match/ fit

Ma tirham ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺮھﻢ‬

mismatch/ unfitting

Nashaaz ‫ﻧﺸﺎز‬
Dissonance

taSlakh ‫ﺗﺼﻠﺦ‬
Does not match, ugly

waagfa ( ‫) ﻭﺍﻗﻔﺔ‬‫وا‬
“standing”
inappropriate

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ma timshee ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﻤﺸﻲ‬

contradicts
is not Okay

timshee ‫ﺗﻤﺸﻲ‬
Is Okay
Is appropriate

tiSlaH ‫ﺗﺼﻠﺢ‬
Appropriate

matiSlaH ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ‬

Inappropriate

Hay-ya w ni’anaa’a ‫ﺣﯿﺔ وﻧﻌﻨﺎع‬

“snake and mint”
two enemies

bazzuuna w faar ‫ﺑﺰووﻧﺔ وﻓﺎر‬

“ cat and mouse”
two enemies

TamaaTa (‫طﻤﺎطﺔ ) ﯾﺮھﻢ وﯾﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲ‬

Tomatoes
He fits everywhere
Adjustable

Nashaaz = does not fit , dissonance ‫ﻧﺸﺎز‬

It does not fit. No conformity. ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬

21. Trust / Distrust

ma tit ?amman shaghla ‫ﻣﮫ ﺗﺘﺄﻣﻦ ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ‬
insecure

?ana ma?aSaddig lee daa yguula ‫أﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ اﺻﺪك ﻟﻲ دا ﯾﻜـﻮﻻ‬

I do not believe what he is saying

ma ?idhin hatha SaHeeH ‫ﻣﺎ أظﻦ ھﺬا ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬

I do not think this true (correct)

haay warTa ‫ھﺎي ورطﺔ‬

this is a predicament

jaay yqashmiruuna ‫ﺟﺎي ﯾﻘﺸﻤﺮوﻧﺎ‬

they mislead us

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daa ydhiHkuun ‘aleina ‫داي ﯾﻀﺤﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬

they laugh at us
ّ ) ‫ل ﺷﻐﻠﺔ ﺗﺨﺮ‬
l shaghla tkhir may ‫ﺗﻨﺰل( ﻣﮫ ي‬
“ this issue drips water”
do not trust it

Sidik chithib ‫ﺻﺪك ﺟﺬب‬

I cannot believe it.

Ya’anee da t Sadga ‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ دا ﺗﺼﺪﻛـﮫ‬

Do you believe him

Haay madruusa ‫ھﺎي ﻣﺪرووﺳﺔ‬

This is deliberate

Haay beeha ?in "‫ان‬

ْ " ‫ھﺎي ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
“this has “if”
I suspect it

Ballah hatha SaHeeH ? ‫ﺑﻠﻠﮫ ھﺬا ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬

Is that right?

Min yuguul hatha SaHeeH? ‫ﻣﻦ ﯾﻜـﻮل ھﺬا ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬

Who says it is right.

Haay klaawaat la TSadigha ‫ھﺎي ﻛﻼوات ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻛـﮭﺎ‬

These are lies do not trust

Maa miqtini’a b hal Hachi ldaa yguula  ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻘﺘﻨﻊ ب ھﻞ ﺣﺠﻲ ﻟﺪا‬
I am not convinced with what he is telling us

Kulla KhariT kalaam ‫ﻛﻠﮫ ﺧﺮط ﻛﻼم‬

It is only rhetoric

La tSadughum. hthula Teezein b fad l baas ‫ﻻ ﺗﺼﺪﻛﮭﻢ ھﺬوﻟﮫ طﯿﺰﯾﻦ ب ﻓﺪ ﻟﺒﺎس‬

“do not believe these two . They have 2 buttocks in one pant”
Do not trust both. They are close friends.

Hay Hiila ‫ھﺎي ﺣﯿﻠﺔ‬

This is a trick

Khuza’abulaat ‫ﺧﺰﻋﺒﻼت‬
Ploys, tricks

ashik haay mu?aamara ‘alay-ya ‫اﺷﻚ ھﺎي ﻣﺆاﻣﺮة ﻋﻠﻲ ﯾﮫ‬

This is a conspiracy against me

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22. Being Nosy

Inlizig bTeeza ‫إﻧﻠﺰك ﺑﻄﯿﺰي‬
“he sticks to my ass”
he intends not to leave me

La tkhalee yiflit ‫ﻻ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﻔﻠﺖ‬

Do not let him escape
Keep being with him

Ma yfik yaakha minee ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﻚ ﯾﺎﺧﺔ ﻣﻨﻲ‬

“he never releases my collar”
He sticks to me

Leish yi’arif yfik yaakha mnil naas. Lazga. ‫ﻟﯿﺶ ﯾﻌﺮف ﯾﻔﻚ ل ﯾﺎﺧﺔ ﻣﻨﻞ ﻧﺎس‬
“ he does not know to leave people” (negative attitude)
He interferes a lot

Lazgat jonson ‫ﻟﺰﻛـﺔ ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻮن‬

“ Jonson’s stick”
he is an intruder

Samigh yinlizig ( ‫ﺻﻤﻎ ﯾﻨﻠﺰك ) ﯾﻨﻠﺼﻖ‬

“ gum that sticks”
he intrudes a lot

yliH hwaaya ‫ﯾﻠﺢ ھﻮاﯾﮫ‬

he insists a lot

mutaTafil ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻔﻞ‬
intruder/ parasitic

maa yi’arif yogaf ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف ﯾﻮﻛـﻒ‬

“he does not know how to stop”
he is very hyper ( negative)
very talkative
active

‘alik w ma tinfak ‫ﻋﻠﺞ )ﻋﻠﻚ ( وﻣﮫ ﺗﻨﻔﻚ‬

“gum that is never removed”
intruder

Shinuu sawaad wich-chak ‫ﺷﻨﻮ ﺳﻮاد وﺟﺠﻚ‬

“what is it of your black face”
Why do you interfere?

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Matgulli shgad tid-dakh-khal! ! ‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ‬

Why do you interfere?

23. Balance
laa sheesh w la kabaab ‫ﻻ ﺷﯿﺶ وﻻ ﻛﺒﺎب‬
“ not skewer nor Kabab”
Do not take extremes

laa heech wa la heech ‫ﻻ ھﯿﺞ وﻻھﯿـﺞ ـ‬

Not this nor that

raawisha ‫راوﺳﮭﺎ‬
balance it

Hal wasat ‫ﺣﻞ وﺳﻂ‬

Compromise

taTar-ruf ‫ﺗﻄﺮف‬
extremity

shee mugaabil shee ‫ﺷﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻲ‬

trade something for something else

maaku she bbalaash ‫ﻣﺎﻛﻮ ﺷﻲ ب ﺑﻼش‬

there is nothing for free

lbalsh ma yinHaash ‫ل ﺑﻼش ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺤﺎش‬

what is free is not liked
mit-tizin ‫ﻣﺘﺰن‬
Balanced (behavior)

Gheir mit-tizin ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺰن‬

Imbalanced

Mutawaazin ‫ﻣﺘﻮازن‬
Balanced

Gheir mutawaazin ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮازن‬

imbalanced

nafsil Taas w nafsil hammam ‫ﻧﻔﺲ إل طﺎس وﻧﻔﺲ إل ﺣﻤﺎم‬

nothing is changed

bein il chakuuch wil sindaan ‫ﺑﯿﻦ إل ﺟﻜﻮوج ول ﺳﻨﺪان‬

no alternative, cannot do anything about it
“I am between the hammer and the anvil”

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24. Exaggeration
Habba yi’amal minha kubbaaya ‫ﻛــﺒـﺎﯾﺔ‬
ُ ‫ل ﺣﺒــﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
“ changes a grain into a Kubba”
Explanation: to make one Kubba you need thousands of grains
He is exaggerating a lot

Nafaakh ‫ﻧﻔﺎخ‬
Balogne

GaSaaS ‫ﺻﺎﺹ‬
“ cutter”
Balogne

Ygis shalmaanat ‫ص ﺷﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎت‬

“ cuts steel beams”
Balogne

mTayirchee ‫ﻣﻄﯿﺮﺟﻲ‬
“makes things flying wings”
bologna

allah yikhrib beitak ‘ala hal kithba ‫ﷲ ﯾﺨﺮب ﺑﯿﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ ﻛﺬﺑﺔ‬
“God demolishes your house for this lie”
that is a big lie

haay mubaalagha ‫ھﺎي ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬

This is exaggeration

Min hijam beita ‘ala hal Tal’a mubaalagha (‫ﻣﻦ ھﺠﻢ ﺑﯿﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ طﻠﻌﺔ )ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
“God destroy your house for what you did”
you did something unexpected
what you did was exaggerated

hwaaya day dhar-rit ‫ھﻮاﯾﺔ دا ي ﯾﻀﺮط‬

“He is farting”
He is exaggerating too much

Daa yizmiT ‫دا ﯾﺰﻣﻂ‬

He is exaggerating

25. Disgust
muqrif ‫ﻣﻘﺮف‬
Disgusting

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Yqazizi ‫ﯾﻘﺰز‬
Disgust

Najaasa ‫ﻧﺠﺎﺳﺔ‬
Dirty action

naHaassa ‫ﻧﺤﺎﺳﺔ‬
Makes others unhappy

Razaala ‫رزاﻟﺔ‬
Humiliation, suffering

Nathaala ‫ﻧﺬاﻟﺔ‬
Meanness, nastiness

Sakhaafa ‫ﺳﺨﺎﻓﺔ‬
silliness

Tafaaha ‫ﺗﻔﺎھﺔ‬
Nonsense

Yguum ilha il sh’air ‫ إﻟﮭﺎ ل ﺷﻌﺮ‬

disgusting

sawaad wich  ‫ﺳﻮاد‬

intrusion

‘aar ‫ﻋﺎر‬
Disgrace, shame

26. Too late

Faat il wagit (‫)ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺎت ل‬

Ba’aid kharaabil basrah ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﺮاب ل ﺑﺼﺮة‬

‘aiish ya jaHiish lim man yijiik il Hashiish ‫ﻋﯿﺶ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺤﯿﺶ ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺠﯿﻚ ل ﺣﺸﯿﺶ‬

Saaraw btalfaatit dunya ‫ﺻﺎرت ﺑﺘﻠﻔﺎت ل دﻧﯿﺎ‬

It is very far

Saar bkhabar kana ‫ﺻﺎر ﺑﺨﺒﺮ ﻛﺎن‬

“It becomes past”
no longer exists

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Faat ‘aleiha l qiTaar ‫ﻓﺎت ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ل ﻗﻄﺎر‬

“ You missed the train”
you cannot catch up

haay Til’aat Hizora . ‫ھﺎي طﻠﻌﺖ ﺣﺰوورة‬

it is a puzzle / riddle

wba’aid lhabil ‘al jarrar ‫ﺑﻌﺪ إل ﺣﺒﻞ ﻋﻞ ﺟﺮار‬

“ the rope is still in the tractor”
This will continue
You expect worse

Laa zaal il qiTar ‘aal sicha (‫) ﺳﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ زال إل ﻗﻄﺎر ﻋﻞ‬
“the train is still on rails”
It has not been finished yet
We have not yet reached the destination (goal)

Ila mata yabqa l ba’aiiru ‘alalal talli ‫اﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻰ ﯾﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﺒﻌﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻞ ؟‬
“ til when the camel stays on the hill”
How much longer are you going to wait?

Haay matikhlaS . maal(h)a nihaaya ‫ ﻣﺎﻟﮫ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬. ‫ھﺎي ﻣﮫ ﺗﺨﻠﺺ‬

This has no end.

Muu Tageina ‫ﻣﻮ ﻁ‬

Muu Tageina
“We are bursting”
we cannot wait any longer
we are suffering

lii yamta ‫ﻟﯿﻲ ﯾﻤﺘﮫ‬

“until when?”
when
How long?

Mit?akh-khir ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
Late, delayed

faatil ?awaan ‫ﻓﺎت إل أوان‬

“time passed us”
we are late

khallan ?il qiTaar ‫ﺧﻼﻧﺎ إل ﻗﻄﺎر‬

train left us
we are behind

dan –nraawiH hna ‫دﻧﺮاوح ھﻨﺎ‬

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“ halting here”
staying where we are (behind)
not showing progress

ba’aid kulshi may yfeed… il mas/ala mintahiya ‫ ل ﻣﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﮭﯿﺔ‬.. ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻠﺸﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﯿﺪ‬
It is too late. Nothing will come out.
“Nothing is useful…the story is ended”

kulshi “’ama” hal yom ‫ﻛﻠﺸﻲ "ﻋﻤﻰ" ھﻞ ﯾﻮم‬

it is a bad day. Nothing works.

27. Stinginess
Khisses ‫ﺧﺴﯿﺲ‬

Mall khasees yruuH bil faTees ‫ﻣﺎل ل ﺧﺴﯿﺲ ﯾﺮووح ﺑﻞ ﻓﻄﯿﺲ‬

Bala wijadaan ‫ﺑﻼ وﺟﺪان‬

khaaf________. ‫ﺧﺎﯾﻒ‬

bala dhameer ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ‬

he has no conscience

Yi’aSi l Khirga wyishrab mayha ‫ وﯾﺸﺮب ﻣﺎﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺼﺮ ل‬

“ squeezes a cloth, and drinks its water”
very miser

ma yhimma. ygiS thadi umma wyashribHaleebminna ‫ﺹ ﺛﺪي أﻣﺔ وﯾﺸﺮب ﺣﻠﯿﺐ ﻣﻨﻨﮫ‬ . ‫ﯾﮭﻤﮫ‬
ّ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
He does not care. He cuts his mom’s breast and drinks its milk.

Nijis ‫ﻧﺠﺲ‬
Dirty

qarach ‫ﻗﺮج‬
Gypsy = solicitor

Magaddi 
Beggar, soliciter

Keiwaliya ‫ﻛﯿﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬
Gypsies asking for money

Ma ybuul ‘ala ?iid majruuH ‫ﻣﺎ ﯾﺒﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﯾﺪ ﻣﺠﺮوح‬

Stingy
“He never pisses on the hand of an injured”

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Kulman yHuud il naar il gurs-ta ‫ﺭﺼﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﻦ ﯾﺤﻮد ال ﻧﺎر إل‬

“everybody directs fire to his loave”
Everybody looks for his interest.

28. Threatening
ichfita bSalee ‫ﺑﺼـﻠﻲ‬
َ ‫إﺟﻔﺘﮫ‬
“hit him with an automatic”
shoot him

Idhriba b Talqa khalee ma yishrab may ‫أﺿﺮﺑﮫ ﺑﻄﻠﻘﺔ أﺧﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﮫ ﯾﺸﺮب ﻣﮫ ي‬

Lak irmee Tali’a ruuHa ّ ‫ﻟﻚ إرﻣﯿﮫ‬

‫طﻠﻊ روﺣﮫ‬

?imhii ‫إﻣﺤﯿﮫ‬

khalee ynaam bil mustashfa ‫ﺧﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﻨﺎم ﺑﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ‬

idhriba liman yitzawaa’a ‫ﯾﺘﺰوع‬

ّ ‫إﺿﺮﺑﮫ ﻟﻤﻦ‬

khaleek min hal jaljalutiyaat ‫ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻚ ﻣﻦ ھﻞ ﺟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺗﯿﺎت‬

Salkha salikh ‫ﺻﻠﺨﮫ ﺻﻠﺦ‬

?itha khallet la yak ya . ?ana maa ibin abuy ‫ أﻧﺎ ﻣﺎ إﺑﻦ أﺑﻮي‬... ‫إذا ﺧﻠﻠﯿﺘﻠﻚ ﯾﺎ‬

lo khaleina lha lhum. ?iHna ?awlaad l nghuula ‫ﻟﻮ ﺧﻠﻠﯿﻨﺎھﺎ إﻟﮭﻢ إﺣﻨﺎ أوﻻد ل ﻧﻐﻮوﻻ‬

raaH aksir rugubtak ‫راح اﻛﺴﺮ رﻛﺒﺘـﻚ‬

raaH nshawifl kum ilee ma yinshaaf ‫راح ﻧﺸﻮﻓﻠﻜﻢ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻨﺸﺎف‬

‫ﺇﻝ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﻭﺳﻜﻢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺧﻠﻔﻮﻛﻢ‬ ‫ل ﯾﻮم‬

Lyom ?ahriq il dunya ‘ala r?uuskum w’ala r?uus il lii khallafuukum

?alla yTayiH Hadhak ‫ﷲ ﯾﻄﯿﺢ ﺣﻈﻚ‬

“God takes your luck”
you’re an idiot / stupid

?abiSTa basta min hay ?akh l ?akhuu ‫ﺑـﺴﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ھﺎي ل أخ ل أﺧﻮه‬

َ ‫أﺑـﺴﻄﺔ‬
ِ
I will beat him severely

Kulshi bas la yidhribuuna bil buuri ‫ﻛﻠﺸﻲ ﺑﺲ ﻻ ﯾﻀﺮﺑﻮﻧﺎ ﺑﻞ ﺑﻮري‬

Anything but not touching our ass as abuse
“Everything but not hitting us with a pipe”

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29. Suffix (-siz) means without

Damaaghsiz ‫دﻣﺎغ ﺳﺰ‬

Adabsiz ‫ادب ﺳﺰ‬

Akhlaqsiz ‫اﺧﻼق ﺳﺰ‬

‘aar siz ‫ﻋﺎر ﺳﺰ‬

Thauq siz ‫ذوق ﺳﺰ‬

Deen siz ‫دﯾﻦ ﺳﺰ‬

Gheerasiz ‫ﻏﯿﺮه ﺳﺰ‬

Bichimsiz 

Mifless ‫ﻣﻔﻠﺲ‬
Bankrupt, broke

30. Prefix (bala) = (un/ or without)

Bala adab impolite ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ادب‬

Bala naamuus ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﻧﺎﻣﻮس‬

Bala Haya ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﺣﮫ ﯾﺎ‬

Bala tarbiya ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬

bala akhlaaq ‫ﺑﻠﮫ اﺧﻼق‬

bala fluus ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﻓﻠﻮس‬

bala qiyam ‫ﺑﻠﮫ ﻗﯿﻢ‬

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31. Suffix (-chee) means (-er, -or as doer)

Doshmachee ‫دوﺷﻤﺠﻲ‬

Mushkilchee ‫ﻣﻮﺷﻜﻠﺠﻲ‬

Sakrachi ‫ﺳﻮﻛﺮﺟﻲ‬

Klawchi ‫ﻛﻼوﺟﻲ‬

Chaychi ‫ﺟﺎﯾﺠﻲ‬

‘arzuHaalchi ‫ﻋﺮزوﺣﺎﻟﺠﻲ‬

qmaarchi ‫ﻗﻤﺎرﺟﻲ‬

mTayirchi ‫ﻣﻄﯿﺮﺟﻲ‬

kabaabchi ‫ﻛﺒﺎﺑﺠﻲ‬

qundarchi ‫ﻗﻮﻧﺪرﺟﻲ‬

‘arabanchi ‫ﻋﺮﺑﻨﺠﻲ‬

32. suffix ------khaana = a place

banziinkhaana ‫ﺑﺎﻧﺰﯾﻨﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬

chaykhaana ‫ﺟﺎﯾﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬

?adabkhaana ‫أدﺑﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬

maykhaana ‫ﻣﯿﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬

Saraachkhaana (‫ﺳﺮﺟﺨﺎﻧﺔ ) ﺳﻮق ﺑﻞ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ‬

Zorkhaana ‫زورﺧﺎﻧﺔ‬
hard work

maykhaana ‫ﻣﺎﯾﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬
night club

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33- Allah (SibHaanahu wa ta’aala )- SWT

“’azza wajal”

A: allah _______

Allah bilk heir ‫ﷲ ﺑﻞ ﺧﯿﺮ‬

In God’s grace
You are welcome
( you say it to someone who comes in, says hi to you and you see him sit)

allah ysaa’adak ‫ﷲ ﯾﺴﺎﻋﺪك‬

How are you?
God helps you.
(when you greet somebody who is doing something …working)

allah yshaafeek ‫ﷲ ﯾﺸﺎﻓﯿﻚ‬

Wish you a recovery

allah ykhaleek,__________ ‫ﷲ ﯾﺨﻠﯿﻚ‬

Please, ___________
(when you ask someone to do you a favor)
Allah ykhaliik. ‫ﷲ ﯾﺨﻠﯿﻚ‬
Thank you.
(When somebody did a favor to you)

allah yiHmiik ‫ﷲ ﯾﺤﻤﯿﻚ‬

God protects you.

allah ykuun b’aonak ‫ﷲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﻮﻧﻚ‬

God helps you.

allah yHifdhak mnil bala ‫ﷲ ﯾﺤﻔﻈﻚ ﻣﻨﻞ ﺑﻼء‬

God keeps you from problems

allah wiyaak (ma’ak) (‫ﷲ وﯾﺎك ) ﻣﻌﻚ‬

“God be with you”
Good bye

B: _______allah

mashaa allah ‫ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬

‘aein allah ‘aleik ‫ﻋﯿﻦ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬

‘alal allah ‫ﻋﻠﻞ ﷲ‬

al Hamdullah
ͿΪϤΣ
ϝ΍

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billah ‫ﺑﻞ ﷲ‬

Wallah ‫وﷲ‬

wallah wa billah wa tilla = promise (‫ﻗـﺴﻢ‬

َ َ ) ‫وﷲ وﺑﻞ ﷲ وت ﷲ‬

?inshallla = if God will ‫إن ﺷﺎء ﷲ‬

C: Mohammed _______________

Mohammed Amin ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ أﻣﯿﻦ‬

You can put the name of the Prophet Mohammed at the beginning of any name that is among the
hundred beautiful adjectives or names of “Allah” SWT (Al-Asmaa? il Husna).

Proper Names:

Abid = slave

1. Abid il_______________
Abdullah

2. _____________________allah
Wa’adallah

3. Mohammed abdul _________________

Mohammed abdul rahim

4. Abu – as Iraqi traditional names

a: Abuuna = Christian use “our father” to mean a "priest ‫"اﺑﻮﻧﺎ‬

b: Abu jasim = mohammed ‫أﺑﻮ ﺟﺎﺳﻢ = ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
c: Abu khalil = a soldier ‫أﺑﻮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ = ﺟﻨﺪي‬
d: Abu Ismael = a policeman ‫أﺑﻮ إﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ = ﺷﺮطﻲ‬
e: Abul waleed = Khalid ‫اﺑﻮ اﻟﻮﻟﯿﺪ = ﺧﺎﻟﺪ‬
f: Abu Saabir = donkey ‫أﺑﻮ ﺻﺎﺑﺮ = ﺣﻤﺎر‬
g: Abu il ana = the one who claims it ‫اﺑﻮ اﻻﻧﺎ = اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
the man of ego
i: Abu ghayib= somebody who has no children yet ‫أﺑﻮ ﻏﺎﺋﺐ‬
j: Abul klaawaat = someone who makes tricks ‫اﺑﻮ ل ﻛﻼوات‬

34. Pejorative adjectives

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 196

fugir (‫ــﺮ ) ﻓﻘﺮ‬‫ﻓـــــ‬

ibnil fugir  ‫إﺑﻦ ل‬

Palashtee ‫ ﺑـــﻠــﺸﺘﻲ‬jerk

Shalaati ‫ﺷﻼﺗﻲ‬

Saaqit ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻂ‬ (‫)ﺻﺎﻗﻂ‬

Immoral

Lajuuj ‫ﻟﺠﻮوج‬

Mbahdal ‫ﻣﺒﮭﺪل‬

Hosa ‫ھﻮﺳﺔ‬

Hosa b hosa ‫ھﻮﺳﺔ ب ھﻮﺳﺔ‬

Hmaar ma yiftihim ‫ﺣﻤﺎر ﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﺘﮭﻢ‬

Dacha dabang damaaghsis ‫دﺟﮫ\ دﺑﻨﻚ\ دﻣﺎﻏﺴﺲ‬

Ghasheem ‫ﻏﺸﯿﻢ‬

inlaaSat ‫إﻧﻼﺻﺖ‬

khisees ‫َﺧﺴﯿﺲ‬

Kheesa ‫ﺧﯿﺴﺔ‬

Khyaasaat ‫ﺧﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬

Idhriba bil eimani (‫ﺿﺮﺑﮫ ﺑﻞ ﻗﻮﻧﺪره )إﯾﻤﻨﻲ‬

Saratil l lakha ‫ﺻﺎرت اﻟﻠﺨﺔ‬

Slikha braajdee ‫ﺻﻠﺨﮫ ﺑﺮاﺟﺪي‬

Mra’abil ‫ﻣﺮﻋﺒﻞ‬

Saqee’a ‫ﺳﻘﯿﻊ‬

Miftree ‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺮي‬slander

Jaayif ‫ﺟﺎﯾﻒ‬

Khaayis ‫ﺧــﯿﺲ‬
َ \ ‫ﺧﺎﯾﺲ‬

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La tsharbitha ‫ﻻ ﺗﺸﺮﺑﺘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﻨﺎ‬

qabba ‫ﻗــﺒﮫ‬
َ

Dacha 

Daacha

Nashnish shwaya ‫ﯾﻨﺸﻨﺶ ﺷﻮﯾﺎ‬ revive

Oh, qurbaanak ‫آه ﻗﻮرﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬

Zifit ‫زﻓﺖ‬

khirbanda ‫ﺧﺮﺑﻨﺪه‬
too old

Faahee ‫ﻓﺎھﻲ‬
Silly / insipid / not liked

‘adhim thaqeel (‫ﻋﻈﻤﻮ ﺛﻜﯿﻞ )ﺛﻘﯿﻞ‬

Hraamiya ‫ﺣﺮاﻣﯿﺔ‬
Nheibiya ‫ﻧﮭﯿﺒﯿﺔ‬

Nafash nafsa ‫ﻧﻔﺶ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ‬

Tarasiya ‫ﺗرﺳﯾﺔ‬

Bawaageen ‫ﺑﻮا‬

Dhoja ‫ﺿوﺟﺔ‬

Dokha ‫دوﺧﺔ‬

Dokhat raas ‫دوﺧﺔ راس‬

Qarabaligh ‫ﻗره ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬

‘ama ‘aleik ‫ﻋﻣﮫ ﻋﻠﯾك‬

ila- jahanama wa bi?sal maSiir ‫اﻟﻰ ﺟﮭﻧم وﺑﺋس ل ﻣﺻﯾر‬

Go to hell

Miqirbaaz ‫ﻣﻘرﺑﺎز‬
Naive

‘amiil ‫ﻋﻣﯾل‬

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Agent

Khaayin ‫ﺧﺎﯾن‬
Traitor

Sayir Chafjeer il balad  ‫ﺻﺎﯾر‬

He is everywhere
You see him everywhere

35. Harassing women

Umil zruur ‫ُأم ل زرور‬
“mother of buttocks”
a woman who has big buttocks

?umil dyuus ‫ُأم ل دﯾﻮس‬

“ mother of breast”
a woman who has big breasts

Khosh gufa ‘aleiha ‫ﺧﻮش ﻛـﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﺞ‬

“good hips on you”
a woman with a big ass

Fidwa l hal Sadir ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﻞ ﺻﺪر‬

“die for this chest”
I like your breasts

Haay shlon rashaaqa ‫ھﺎي ﺷﻠﻮن رﺷﺎﻗﺔ‬

“What kind of slender build is this?”
You’re in shape.

Fidwa l hal ‘ayuun l zurug ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﻞ ﻋﯿﻮن ل زرك‬

“die for these blue eyes”
You have beautiful blue eyes

amuut ‘ala hal ‘ayuun il soda ‫أﻣﻮت ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ ﻋﯿﻮن ل ﺳﻮده‬

“ I die for these black eyes”
You have very beautiful black eyes

Haatha shlon khiSir ‫ھﺬا ﺷﻠﻮن ﺧﺼﺮ‬

“What kind of waist is this?”
You have a good waist

Fidwa lhal Tuul ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﻞ طﻮل‬

“die for this height”
you have a beautiful body

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Fidwa l hal jamaal ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﻞ ﺟﻤﺎل‬

“die for this beauty”
You are gorgeous

Amuut ‘aleich ‫أﻣﻮت ﻋﻠﯿﺞ‬

“die for you”
I love you

Fad bosa ‫ﻓﺪ ﺑﻮﺳﮫ‬

“One kiss”
Can I kiss you?

Fedwa l hal shafaayif il raqeeqa(rageega) ( ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﻞ ﺷﻔﺎﯾﻒ ل )رﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬

“Die for these thin lips”
You have charming thin lips

Haay wein mkhabiya hal Jamaal ‫ھﺎي وﯾﻦ ﻣﺨﺒﯿﮫ ھﻞ ﺟﻤﺎل‬

“ where have you been hiding this beauty”
You are very gorgeous

Fedwa lhal bashara il raqiiqa il beidha ‫ﻓﺪوه ل ھﮫ ل ﺑﺸﺮة إل رﻗﯿﻘﺔ إل ﺑﯿﻀﺔ‬

“ die for this soft, white skin”
you are white and beautiful

Fedwa lhal samaar ‫ﻓﺪوة ل ھﮫ ل ﺳﻤﺎر‬

“ die for this bronze(tan) skin”
you have tan skin and beautiful

36. Flirting Women

Intee hwaaya Hilwa ‫إﻧﺖ ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﺣﻠﻮه‬
“You are very sweet “
you are beautiful

Intee rasheeqa w habaaba ‫إﻧﺖ رﺷﯿﻘﺔ وﺣﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬

You are fit and cute

Wajhich Hulu w bashuush ‫وﺟﮭﺞ ﺣﻠﻮ وﺑﺸﻮش‬

Your face is sweet and smiling

Sha’arich Hulu ‫ﺷﻌﺮج ﺣﻠﻮ‬

Your hair is beautiful

‘ayuun il maha (ghizlaan) (‫ﻋﯿﻮن ل ﻣﮭﺎ ) ﻏﺰﻻن‬

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your eyes are of the gazelle

‘aein allah ‘aleich ya Hleiwa ‫ﻋﯿﻦ ﷲ ﻋﻠﯿﺞ ﯾﺎ ﺣﻠﯿﻮه‬

God’s eyes on you . You the beauty

‘aein allah ‘aala hal Jamaal ‫ﻋﯿﻦ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﻞ ﺟﻤﺎل‬

God’s eyes on you. You the beauty
You are very beautiful

?Slan ‘ayuunich t khab bil ‫اﺻﻠﻦ ﻋﯿﻮﻧﺞ ﺗﺨﺒﻞ‬

in fact, your eyes make me crazy
I love your eyes

wajhil gumar (‫وﺟﮫ إل ﻗﻤﺮ )ﻛﻤﺮ‬

moony face

jamalij saaHir ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﺞ ﺳﺎﺣﺮ‬

your beauty is magic

37. Expressing “chaos”

hossa ‫ھﻮﺳﺔ‬

Tarbaga ‫ﻁ‬

qarabaligh ‫ﻗرﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬

Saarat farhuud ‫ﺻﺎرت ) ﺻﺎﯾرة( ﻓرھود‬

L kalib maa yi’arif SaaHba ‫ل ﻛﻠب ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌرف ﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ‬

Fawdha ‫ﻓوﺿﻰ‬

Maaku qaanuun ‫ﻣﺎ ﻛو ﻗﺎﻧون‬

Lhikuuma maaku ‫ل ﺣﻛوﻣﺔ ﻣﺎﻛو‬

Lnidhaam maaku ‫ل ﻧظﺎم ﻣﺎﻛو‬

Maaku ?istiqraar ‫ﻣﺎﻛو إﺳﺗﻘرار‬

L waaHid ma yidri shii ysaw wii ‫ل واﺣد ﻣﺎ ﯾدري ﺷﻲ ﯾﺳووي‬

L?immur mlakhbaTa ‫ل إﻣﻮر ﻣﻠﺨﺒﻄﺔ‬

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Haay kharabiiT ‫ھﺎي ﺧﺮاﺑﯿﻂ‬

Tarbaga ‫ﻁ‬

Falataan ‫ﻓﻠﺘﺎن‬

dhraT bi dhraT ‫ﺿﺮاط ﺑﻀﺮاط‬

“Fart in fart”
no one cares

Msayaaba ‫ﻣﺴﯿﺒﺔ‬
No control

Biiha tasay-yub ‫ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﯿﺐ‬

People do not abide by rules

maHad yirham bHal ?ahad ‫ﻣﺤﺪ ﯾﺮﺣﻢ ب ﺣﺎل أﺣﺪ‬

“No one is merciful”
People are selfish

Shliila w dhaayi’a raas-ha ‫ﺷﻠﯿﻠﺔ وﺿﺎﯾﻊ راﺳﮭﺎ‬

“A reel of string with a lost end”
It is difficult to find a solution for it

Haarat kul min ?eedu ?ilu

‫ﺣﺎرة ﻛﻠﻤﻦ إﯾﺪه إﻟﮫ‬
“Neighborhood in which everybody can do whatever he/she likes”
no rules are valid

Sirna la minna wla minna

‫ وﻻ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ‬، ‫ﺻﺮﻧﺎ ﻻ ﻣﻨﻨﺎ‬
“ we became neither from here, nor from there.”
We are stuck in between
We got lost in between

haay tirneeni . ba’aid wein l tirnaana baaqiya

‫ ﺑﻌﺪ وﯾﻦ ل ﺗﺮﻧﺎﻧﮫ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮫ‬، ‫ھﺎي ل ﺗﺮﻧﯿﯿﻨﻲ‬
We expect the worse

kaaka wklumba wkalbil maay

All three are a gang whom work together ‫ﻛﺎﻛﺎ وﻛﻠﻮﻣﺒﺎ وﻛﻠﺐ إل ﻣﺎي‬

tis’a may waaHid laban

“nine water in one yogurt” ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎي واﺣﺪ ﻟﺒﻦ‬
It is adulterated

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38. Euphemism

There are certain words or phrases that people do not mention in the formal
occasions or in public. They tend to use different nice words to replace them.

Ykharee = v. shit, defecate ‫ﯾﺨﺮي‬

ّ
AruuH lii bar-ra w jaay . ‫ﺑﺮا وﺟﺎي‬
ّ ‫أرووح ﻟﻲ‬
I go outside and come back.

Abuul = v. piss ‫أﺑﻮول‬

Shway-ya ashukh w ajii ‫ﺷﻮﯾﺔ اﺷﺦ واﺟﻲ‬

People avoid all and they say :

MaHSuur (iin) = adj. (‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ) ﯾﻦ‬

I am squeezed ( I need to go to the restroom)

RaaH Agdhi Hajti w raaji’a = ‫ـــﻀـﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻲ وراﺟﻊ‬‫راح ﺍ‬

“I do my “ need “ and come back.”
I’ll go to the restroom and be back.

Tikram (uun) aruuH lil maraafiq w aji ‫ﺗﻜﺮم ارووح ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻓﻖ واﺟﻲ‬
Forgive me for my words, I will go to the latrine and back.

Haasha il sam-’aiin ________________ (huwa Hmaar)

‫ﺣﺎﺷﺎ ال ﺳﺎﻣﻌﯿﻦ‬
Apology to ( excluding) the hearers ___________ ( he is a donkey)
Apologize me for my words “he is stupid”

Ba’aiid minkum ( mihna) “ maat” "‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ "ﻣﺎت‬

Far from you ‘he died’
I do not mean to make you sad ‘he died’
( the same does not happen to you. Be safe.)

B’aiid min hna inTaakum ‘aumra ‫ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﻦ ھﻨﺎ اﻧﻄﺎﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﺮه‬

“Far from you he gave you his life”
I do not want to make you sad “he died”

Wise Sayings
lbaab lee yijeek mina l reeH sidu wistareeH
“If the wind comes through a door, close it”
stay away from the problem
‫ﺳﺪه وإﺳﺘﺮﯾﺢ‬
ّ ، ‫ﺑﺎب ﻟﻲ ﯾﺠﯿﻚ ﻣﻨﻨﮫ ل رﯾﺢ‬

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raaH truuH w intal mamnuun

‫ وإﻧﺖ ل ﻣﻤﻨﻮون‬، ‫راح ﺗﺮووح ﻋﻠﻰ رﺟﻠﯿﻚ‬
“you will walk on your feet with gratitude”
you will, one day, accept what you do not accept now.

liman SaHbak Hilu la takla kula

(‫ ﻻ ﺗﺎﻛﻠﮫ )ﺗﺎﻛﻠﻮ( ﻛﻠﮫ )ﻛﻠﻮ‬، ‫ ﺣﻠﻮ‬... ‫إذا ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻚ‬
“If your friend is very sweet do not eat him”
Do not take advantage

Kalaam il leil yimHee il nahaar

‫ ﯾﻤﺤﯿﮫ إ ل ﻧﮭﺎر‬، ‫ﻛﻼم إل ﻟﯿﻞ‬
“the speech at night is removed by light of the day”
I do not go by what I have already promised

Akalnaaha .wi?iHna ma makleen wala shaarbeen

‫اﻛﻠﻨﺎھﺎ وإﺣﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﻠﯿﻦ وﻻ ﺷﺎرﺑﯿﻦ‬
“We had it and did not drink nor eat”
We had nothing to do with it. But we got involved

la baagi wa la mTallag
‫ وﻻ ﻣﻄﻠﻠﻚ‬، (‫ ) ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
“ not hanging, nor released”
We do not know what to do.

Ma ilna beeha . laa naaqa wala jamal

‫ ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ‬، ‫ﻣﺎ إﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ‬
“We do not have in this case a female camel, nor a male one.”
It is not of our interests

Hassan kocha , kocha Hassan

‫ ) ﻛﻮﺟﺔ( ﻛﺠﻞ ﺣﺴﻦ‬،‫ﺣﺴﻦ ) ﻛﻮﺟﮫ( ﻛﺠﻞ‬
Replacement of an adjective makes no difference
It does not matter how you say it.

maH-Had yguul labani Haamidh

‫ ﻟﺑﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻣض‬ ‫ﻣﺣد‬
“no one says my yogurt is sour”
no one criticizes himself or herself
no one advertises against his or her commodities

gaal abu l mathal .’eesh b bakhit wguum b bakhit magruud yaa lmaa ‘aindak
HaDh w bakhit
. ‫ ﯾﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪك ﺣﻆ و ﺑﺨﺖ‬ . ‫ ب ﺑﺨﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻋﯿﺶ ب ﺑﺨﺖ‬. ‫ اﺑﻮ ل ﻣﺜﻞ‬
“live in luck and raise in luck. Pity the one who has no luck”
Some people are lucky, but others are not

L y’aiish bil Hiila ymuut bil figir

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 ‫ل ﯾﻌﯿﺶ ﺑﻞ ﺣﯿﻠﺔ ﯾﻤﻮت ﺑﻞ‬

“One who lives on tricks dies poor”
tricks never prevail

Day Siid bil maayil ‘aakir

‫دا ﯾﺻﯾد ﺑل ﻣﺎي ل ﻋﻛر‬
He is fishing in murky water
Make use of the environment for his own benefits
He is doing something wrong

Maa yinfa’a ّ
‫ﻛﻠﮫ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻧﻔﻊ‬
is useless
‫ﻻ ﺑل ﻋﯾر وﻻ ﺑل ﻧﻔﯾر‬
Laa bil ‘aiirib wala bil nafiir
In all good or bad circumstances
In peace or war
He is nothing

Kul shii yziid min Had –da , yigilib Dhid-da ‫ ﯾﻘﻠﺐ ﺿﺪه‬، ‫ﻛﻠﺸﻲ ﯾﺰﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪه‬
“whatever goes over the limit, it goes against”
Plus is like minus

giTnaaya wtalli’aha min ithnak ‫ﻃﻨﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺫﻧﻚ‬

“a piece of cotton and throw it from your ear”
do not listen to….this is impossible

il maa ynuush il ‘ainab yguul Haidh ‫ ﺣﺎﻣض‬ ، ‫إل ﻣﺎ ﯾﻧوش إل ﻋﻧب‬

“When you cannot get grapes, you say they are unripe (bitter)”
when you cannot get something, you rumor about it being bad

min shaf aSHaaba, nisa aSHaba ‫ ﻧﺳﻰ أﺻﺣﺎﺑﮫ‬،‫ﻣن ﺷﺎف أﺣﺑﺎﺑﮫ‬

“when he sees his lovers, he forgets about friends”
when he is among relatives, he forgets to call his friends

‘aiSfuurbil eed, ?aHsan min ‘ashra ‘aal shajar ‫ﻋﺻﻔور ﺑل اﯾد اﺣﺳن ﻣن ﻋﺷرة ﻋل ﺷﺟر‬

a bird in hand is better than ten on a tree

like what you get .
A number of Iraqi Proverbs
Proverbs are comprised of images that are produced by the mentality of the members
of the society from thoughts and culture. Therefore I collected a number of these
proverbs so that we can get an idea in which situation they are appropriately used to
be effective in conveying the message. Here are some:

. ‫ وﻣن ﺟوه ﯾﻌﻠم ﷲ‬، ‫ ﻣن ﺑره ھﻠﻠﮫ ھﻠﻠﮫ‬.1

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Min barra halla halla, wmin jawwa yi’alam ?alla.

1. From outside is nice looking, but inside God knows.
Message:
You do not know the hidden things.
.‫ ﻧﺎﯾم ورﺟﻠﯾﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺷﻣس‬.2
huwa naayim, w rijleih bil shamis.
2. Sleeping but his legs are in sun.
Message:
He is not aware of what is going on around him

‫ ﺳﺑﻊ ﺻﻧﺎﯾﻊ وال ﺑﺧت ﺿﺎﯾﻊ‬. 3

Sabi’a Sanaayi’a, wil bakhit dhaayi’a
3. Seven jobs but no fortune
Message:
The man is not lucky.
‫ ﯾﻘﺗل ال ﻗﺗﯾل وﯾﻣﺷﻰ ورا ﺟﻧﺎزﺗﮫ‬.4
yigtil il mayit , w yimshi: bjana:ztu

5. He kills the victim, and attends his funeral.

Message:
He is crooked.
. ‫ إل ﻣﺑﻠل ﻣﺎ ﯾﺧﺎف ﻣﻧل ﻣطر‬.5
Lmbal lil ma ykhaaf mnil maTar
6. The soaked do not fear rain.
Message:
He/she is challenging.
. (‫ ال ﻏﺎﯾب ﺣﺟﺗﮫ وﯾﺎه ) ﻣﻌﮫ‬.6
lGa:yib Hijitu wiiyaa (ma’auu)
6.Any absence has a reason.
Message:
Do not blame him/her for being late or not showing up. Ask him or her when
he/she will be back
‫ ﺳﺪه و واﺳﺘﺮﯾﺢ‬،‫ ل ﺑﺎب اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺠﯿﻚ ﻣﻨﮫ ال رﯾﺢ‬.7
Lbaab illi yijiik mina lriiH, sida w istariiH
7. Close the window that the wind comes through
Message:
Do not get involved. Stay away from problems.
Do not talk about sensitive issues that bring about problems.
. ‫ﺿﺒﺖ( ﻋﺪس‬‫ا ﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺪري ﯾﺪري وﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﺪري‬.8
Illi yidrii yidrii Wilma yidrii (chafat) gadhbat ‘aadas
8. Those who know the fact, they know it. Others think about owning a handful of
lentils.
Message
You are not aware of what is essential. You do not understand what the circumstances
are.
‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﺎت ﻣﺎت‬.9
Illi faat maat
9. The thing that has passed is dead.

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Message
Forget about it. Do not look backward.
‫ إﺟﺎ إﯾﺪﯾﮫ اطﻮل ﻣﻦ رﺟﻠﯿﮫ‬.10
?ija ?iidei ?atwal min rijleih
10. “He came his hands longer than his legs”
He brings nothing with him
‫ إل ﺷﻌﺮة اﻟﻠﻲ ﻗﺼﻤﺖ ظﮭﺮ إل ﺑﻌﯿﺮ‬.11
11. il sha’ara ?allati qasamat dhahril ba’aiir
“ it is the hair that breaks the back of the camel”
the real unnoticed reason of somebody’s fall
‫ ﻣﺎ إﻟﻨﺎ ﺑﯿﮭﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ وﻻ ﺟﻤﻞ‬.12
12. maa ?ilna biiha laa naaqa wala jamal
we do not have a male or female camel
It is not of our interests
‫ ﯾﺨﺎف ﻣﻨﻞ ﺣﺒﻞ‬، ‫ ل ﻋﻈﺘﮫ ﺣﯿﺔ‬.13
13. L ‘aadhi-ta Hay-ya , ykhaaf mnil Habil
someone who is bitten by a snake fears a rope
Someone who becomes phobic
(‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻔﺦ ﺏ ﺟﺮﺑﺔ )ﻗﺮﺑﺔ‬. ‫ إﻟﻤﻦ ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬.14
14. Maadgulli ?ilman ja tiHchi….jay
tunfukh b Qurba manguuba
No one is listening to you
You are wasting efforts
‫ آﻧﻲ وإﺑن ﻋﻣﻲ ﻋﻠل ﻏرﯾب‬، ‫ آﻧﻲ واﺧوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑن ﻋﻣﻲ‬.15
15. ?aani w ?akhoo ‘aala bni ‘aammi, waani w ?ibn ‘aammi ‘alal ghariib
“ me and my brother against my cousins, me and my cousins against a foreigner”
support your relatives against others
‫ھﻮاﯾﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ إﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﺪﺑﺮ‬. 16
16. hwaaya laa tfag-gir ?ilha mudab-bir
Do not think too much about it. It has a caretaker, God

17. Kalaam il leil yimHii il nahaar ‫ ﻛﻼم إل ﻟﯿﻞ ﯾﻤﺤﯿﮫ إل ﻧﮭﺎر‬.17

“The issue is different now”
“Day erases whatever was said at night”
‫ إل ﻣﺎﻟﮫ اول ﻣﺎ ﻟﮫ ﺗﺎﻟﻲ‬.18
18. ?Il maala ?awal maala taali
“the one who is not loyal from the beginning, cannot be loyal now”
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻜﺴﺮ إل ﺷﻮﺷﺔ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺠﺒﺮ‬.19
19. Min tinkisir il shuusha ba’aidha maa tinjibir
Once the glass is broken, it cannot be repaired
‫ ﻋﻠﻢ إﺑﻨﻚ ﻛﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻜﺴﺮ إل ﺟﺮه‬.20
20. Teach your son before the jar is broken
Teach your son before the damage is done. It is too late.

Parables( myth) from the Iraqi History

"‫ ﺻﺎرت ﻣﺜﻞ "ﻗﻤﯿﺺ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن‬.21
21. Sarat mithil qamiis ‘authman

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“ do not put Othoman’s shirt on me”

Do not unjustly accuse me of somebody’s murder.
"‫ "ﺷﻌﺮة ﻣﻌﺎوﯾﺔ‬.22
22. Sha’arat mu’aaawiya
“ Mu’ayia’s hair”
Diplomacy to achieve victory over your enemy
"‫ ﻋﺒﺎس‬‫ﺑـ "ﺷﺒﺎ‬ ‫ أﻋﻤﻰ‬.23
23. ?a’ama w chal-lap b shubach ‘ab-bas
“ Abbas’s window”
Do not hold on me tightly to be saved
 ‫ ﻣﺎ‬.24
24. maa yipchi ‘aal Hussein , yipchi ‘aal hariisa
“ he does not weep for hussin , he weeps to get hariisa (the food be served for the
occasion) .
His goal is personal .
 ‫وﯾﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬‫ ﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺐ وﯾﺎ ﻣﻦ‬.25
25. ya min ti’ab wyaa min shiga, wyaa min ‘alal Haadhir liga
Some people worked hard but a few others got the credit
‫ ﺑﻮﺳﮭﺎ‬... ‫ ﺗﻌﻀﮭﺎ‬‫ اﯾﺪ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ‬.26
26. ?eed il li matigdar t’aithha.... busha
“The hand that you cannot bite, kiss it”
If you cannot challenge someone befriend him
‫ اﻋﻮج وإﺣﺠﻲ إل ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬.27
27. ?ig’aid ?’awaj w?iHchil SaHeeH
“sit on your side but speak the right thing”
even when you do not like it, say it right
(‫ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺧﯿﺮه )ﺧﯿﺮو( ﻟﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺮب ﻏﯿﺮه ) ﻏﯿﺮو‬.28
28. ma ti’arif Kheira liman ma tjarrib gheira
you do not know his benefit unless you try someone else
‫ ﻣﺎل إل ﺧﺴﯿﺲ ﯾﺮوح ﺑﻞ ﻓﻄﯿﺲ‬.29
29. malil khasees yruuH bil fates
money of the miser serves no body
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮا ﺧﺎم وﻣﻦ ﺟﻮه ﺳﺨﺎم‬.30
30. min barra khaam wmin jawwa skhaam
“from outside is ore but inside is soot”
it is mere appearance
‫ ﯾﻮم إﻟﻚ وﯾﻮم ﻋﻠﯿﻚ‬.31
31. yom ilak wyom ‘aleik
“one day is for you and another is on you”
consider the ups and downs of life
‫ ﺣﻨﻄﺘﮫ ﺗﺎﻛﻞ ﺷﻌﯿﺮه‬، ‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻌﺮف ﺗﺪاﺑﯿﺮه‬.32
32. illee ma yi’arif tadaabeera, HinTita taakil shi’aeera
“the one who does not know how to organize, His wheat eats his barely”
You should be smart
‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺤﻲ إل ﻋﯿﻦ‬، ‫طﻌﻢ( إل ﻓﻢ‬
‫وﻛﻞ ) ﱢ‬ ّ .33

33. wakkil il fam, tistaHee il ‘aein

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“feed the mouth, the eye gets shy”

If you are generous to people, people will respect you
Bribe somebody, he will do it for you ( culture notion)
‫ﷲ ﺟﺎﺑﮭﺎ‬.... ‫ ھﻲ ﺟﺘﻲ‬.34
34. hiya jattee…. Allah jabha
it comes by itself….Gods brought it
I was fortunate
winning by fluke
‫ إل ھﺰﯾﻤﺔ ﺛﻠﺚ إل ﻣﺮﺟﻠﮫ‬.35
35. yl hazema thilthil marjala
running is 3 quarters of valor
to run is to win ( in certain occasions)
‫ إل ﻣﻔﺘﻲ ﺷﻨﻮ دﺧﻠﮫ‬، ‫ﻟﻮ إل ﻗﺎﺿﻲ راﺿﻲ‬.36
36. lo l qaadhi raadhi, il miftee shinu dakhla
“If the judge agrees, why does almiftee interfere?”
why do others interfere if there is a consensual agreement between two people

‫ ﻟﺤﺎﻓﻚ‬ ‫ ﻣﺪ رﺟﻠﯿﻚ ﻋﻞ‬.37

37. mid rijleik ‘ala qad lHaafak
“stretch your legs to the length of your cover”
Do what you can do and not more

‫ ﻋﺼﺎﺗﮫ وﻋﺒﺎﺗﮫ‬.... ‫ ﻣﻨﻮ ﻋﻨﺪه‬.38

38. minu ‘ainda…. ‘asaata w ‘abaata
“who has ….. his walking stick and his cloak “
alone, single, living by himself, not responsible for dependents, easy to travel

Pan Arabic Idioms/ figures of speech

‫ اﻛﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺪھﺮ وﺷﺮب‬.1
1. akala ‘aleihi il dahru wa sharib
“Time has eaten and drunk on it”
it is too old

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‫ ﺷﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻀﺤﻚ‬.2
2. sharrul baliyati maa yudh-Hik
“the worst of it is laughable”
You do not know what to say
‫ أﻓﻞ ﻧﺠﻤﮫ‬.3
3. afula nijmuh
his star faded away
his celebrity declines
‫ اطﻠﻖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎن ﻋﻨﮫ‬.4
4. ?uTliqa l ‘ainaan ‘anhu
uncurbed
‫ أدرﻛﺘﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺔ‬.5
5. ?adrakathu il maniya
“ the fate befell him”
died
‫ وﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﯿﺺ ﺑﯿﺺ‬.6
6.waqa’a fii Haysa baysa
“He fell in trouble”
does not know what to do
‫ إﺧﺘﻠﻂ اﻟﺤﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺑﻞ‬.7
7. ?ikhTalata l Haabil bil naabil
“Things are mixed up”
It turned chaotic

ͿΎّϻ·
Α ΓϮϗ
ϻϭ
ϝϮΣ
ϻ .8
8. la Hawla wala quwata illa billah
“You are powerless without God’s power”
let me be patient and avoid using violence and evil.

‫ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺘﮭﯿﮫ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬.9

9. ta?atii ir-ryaahu bima laa tashthiihi ilsufunu
winds come opposite to the ship’s direction
Things do not come the way you like them to be

‫ اھﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ادرى ﺑﺸﻌﺎﺑﮭﺎ‬.10

10. ahil maaka ?adra bi shi’aabiha
Mecca’s people know its terrain better
Indigenous people are more aware of their problems than others
‫ واﻓﻖ ﺷﻦ طﺒﻘﺔ‬.11
11. waafaqa shannun Tabaqa
Shan (boy) agrees with Tabaqa(girl)
The two have many things in common.
‫ ﺣﺼﺎن طﺮوادة‬.12
12. HiSaan Tarwaada
Toledo Horse
‫ ﻣﺨﻠﺐ اﻟﻘﻂ‬.13
13. mikhlabil qiT
cat’s Paw
‫ ﺣﺼﺔ اﻻﺳﺪ‬.14

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14. HiS_Satil asad

the lion’s share
‫ رﺟﻊ ﺑﺨﻔﻲ ﺣﻨﯿﻦ‬.15
15. raja’a bikhuffay Hunayn
“He came back with light sandals”
he was a failure
‫ رﺟﻊ ﺻﻔﺮ اﻟﯿﺪﯾﻦ‬.16
16. raja’a Sifril yadein
“ He came back with yellow hands”
He did not get anything out of it
‫ ﺗﻘﻮم إﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ وﻻ ﺗﻘﻌﺪ‬.17
17.taquum il dunya wala taq’aud
“ the world stands and never sits”
They made much fuss about it
‫ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺑﯿﺪر ﺣﺒﺔ‬.18
18. min kuli baydarin Habba
“ from each harvest ground a grain”
a flower from each garden
. ‫ھﺐ ودب‬
ّ ‫ ﺟﺎء ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬.19
19. jaa?a kulun man habba wa dab
no restrictions . everybody comes in (interferes)
‫ إذا ﺣﻀﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﻄﻞ اﻟﺘﯿﻤﻢ‬.20
20. ?itha hadhura l maa?u baTulla l tayam-mumu
“ if water comes, the toilet paper is out”
water for ablution is preferable
The presence of the manager, for instance, is preferred to a substitute

‫ ﯾﻌﺮف ﻣﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺆﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ‬.21

21. ya’arifu min ?ayna tu?kalil katifu

“he knows from where to eat the shoulder”
He goes to the right person to achieve what he wants
He knows how to take the opportunity for his personal benefits
He/she is experienced enough to establish relations with the effective people

‫ ھﻲ ﻣﺠﺮد ذر اﻟﺮﻣﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﯿﻮن‬.22

22. Hiya mujarad thir il rimaad ‘alal ‘ayuun
“it is just adding ash to the eyes”
only to show that they are doing it.

‫ إﺗﻖ ﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺣﺴﻨﺖ إﻟﯿﮫ‬.23

23. Itaqi shar-ra man AHsanta Ilayhi
Avoid the wickedness of the one whom you helped

‫ إل ﻋﺮب ﻣﺘﻔﻘﯿﻦ ﻋﻞ ان ﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻔﻘﻮن‬.24

24. Il Arab Itafquu ?alla ?an maa yitifguun
Arabs are in an agreement not to agree
‫ إن ﺻﻨﺘﮫ ﺻﺎﻧﻚ‬، ‫ ﻟﺴﺎﻧﻚ ﺣﺼﺎﻧﻚ‬.25
25. your tongue is your horse if you keep “him”, “he” keeps you

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If you do not talk “shit”, no body will hurt you

‫ إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻜﻼم ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻜﻮت ﻣﻦ ذھﺐ‬.26

26. If speech is silver, silence is gold
Do not talk too much.
Listen and do not talk
‫ ﺳﺒﻘﻨﻲ وإﺷﺘﻜﻰ‬، ‫ ﺿﺮﺑﻨﻲ وﺑﻜﻰ‬.27
27. Dharabni w baka wsabaqni wishtaka
“He beat me but cried , he then went before me and complained”
in fact, he is guilty though complaining
‫ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻘﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬، ‫ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻐﺮ‬.28
28. al ‘ailm fil Sighar, kalnaqsh ‘alal Hajar
learning in childhood is like engraving on a stone
what you learn in your childhood, you do not forget
‫ ﯾﻜﺮم اﻟﻤﺮء او ﯾﮭﺎن‬، ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻻﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬.29
29. ‘anda l ?imtiHaan, yukram ul mr?u, ?aw yuhaanu
“on the test, someone is praised or humiliated”
when you take a test, you either pass or fail
‫ اﻟﻌﺬر اﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬.30
30. al ‘authr ?aqbaHu min al thanb
the excuse was worse than the guilt
you failed to find a plausible excuse
‫ ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺛﻤﺮ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻼ ﻋﻤﻞ‬.31
31. ‘ailim bila ‘amal, kalshajar bila thamar
knowledge without work is like a tree without fruit
If you know but do not apply it, it is fruitless
‫ ﺧﺬ اﻻﺻﯿﻞ وﻟﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺼﯿﺮ‬.32
32. khuthik l ?aSeel walau ‘alal HaSeer
“take the pure blooded individuals, even though on the straw mattress”
marry a lady of a good family though she is poor
befriend a loyal guy though he is poor

Parts of the body

Raas head ‫راس‬
Rijil leg ‫رﺟﻞ‬
?iid hand ‫إﯾﺪ‬
cha’aib heel, ankle (‫ )ﻛﻌﺐ‬
Halig mouth ( ‫ ) ﻓﻢ‬
‘aikis elbow ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ِ ِ

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khashim nose ‫ﺧﺸﻢ‬

Sabuuna (rikba) knee ‫ رﻛﺒﺔ‬، ‫ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻧﺔ‬
Ragaba neck ( ) ‫رﻗﺒﺔ‬
Chaf palm (‫ )ﻛﻒ‬
Wich face (‫) وﺟﮫ‬ 
gufa hip(s), back (‫( ) ﻗﻔﺎ‬ )
siiqaan legs ( usually women) ‫ﺳﯿﻘﺎن‬
nugrati chatif the front shoulder bone (  ‫( ال ﻛﺘﻒ‬ ) ‫ﻧﻘﺮة‬
‘aein eye(s) ‫ﻋﯿﻦ ﻋﯿﻮن‬
?ithin ear(s) ‫ آذان‬، ‫إذن‬
dili’a , ?adlaa’a rib, ribs ‫ اﺿﻠﻊ‬، ‫ﺿﻠﻊ‬
?izbi’a, ?asaabi’a finger, fingers ‫ اﺻﺎﺑﻊ‬، ‫إﺻﺒﻊ‬
risigh wrist ‫رﺳﻎ‬

Months of the Year

Kanuun il thaani (1) January ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
shibaaT(2) February ‫ﺷﺒﺎط‬
?aathaar(3) March ‫آذار‬
niisaan(4) April ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺎن‬
maayis, Ayaar (5) May ‫ﻣﺎﯾﺲ‬
Hziiraan(6) June ‫ﺣﺰﯾﺮان‬
Tamuuz(7) July ‫ﺗﻤﻮز‬
?aab(8) August ‫آب‬
?ayluul (9) September ‫اﯾﻠﻮل‬
kanntishriinil awal (10) October ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻻول‬
tishriin il thaani(11) November ‫ﺗﺸﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
kaanuunil ?awal (12) December ‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮن اﻻول‬

Conclusion

In sum, I can say that the Iraqi dialect has phonology, grammar, syntax,
vocabulary, and social discourse different from that of the MSA taught in schools. The
Iraqi sound system has more consonants and vowels than are found in the classical
Arabic, which lends itself to form consonant clusters in the first syllable of its words
or within the boundaries or phrases. The grammar is more explicit in terms of aspects
and time. It also avoids the traditional passive voice pattern of Classical Arabic and

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uses Measure VII (seven) with bound morpheme before the first core consonant of the
root to indicate passivity. This text gives a general view of the differences between the
two languages Modern standard Arabic (MSA) and the Iraqi dialect (ID), but it still
needs further investigation of the discourse at the social level by studying the
exchanges taken from the daily speech of people.

Matti Phillips Khoshaba Al-bazi

2008

References:

1. Abd-el-Jawad, H. (1987) Cross-dialectal variation in Arabic:

Competing prestigious forms. Language in society,16,
(3), pp. 359-368.

2. Abu-Haidar, F. (1989) Are Iraqi women more prestige conscious

than men? Sex differentiation in Baghdadi Arabic.
Language in society, 18, (4), pp. 471-481.

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 214

3. Holes, C. (1983) pattern of communal language variation in

Bahrain. Language in society, 12, (4), pp. 433-457.

4. Altoma,S. (1969) The problem of diglossia in Arabic:

A comparative study of classical and Iraqi Arabic.
Stephen Austin and Sons, LTD., Hertford, Herts.

Oxford University Press. London.

5. Haywood, J. & Nahmad, H. (1982) A new Arabic grammar of the
written language. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Harvard University Press.

6. Zaydan, J. (1969) Language philosophy and its words.

Alhilaal Printing shop House, Cairo University.

7. Wilkins, D. (1983) Notional Syllabuses. Oxford University press, Hong Kong

8. Krahnke, K. (1987) Approaches to Syllabus Design for foreign language Teaching.

Printice-hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632

9. Wolfson, N. (1989) Perspectives Sociolinguistics and TESOL.

Cambridge University Press

10. Mackay, S & Horenberger, N. (1996) Sociolinguistics and Language teaching.

Cambridge University Press.

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Iraqi Dialect versus Standard Arabic
Matti Philips Khoshaba Al- Bazi 2006
(MATFL)

‫إل عراقي مو عربـي فصيح‬

I can say that the Iraqi dialect has phonology, grammar, syntax, vocabulary,
and social discourse different from that of the Modern standard Arabic (MSA)
taught in schools. The Iraqi sound system has more consonants and vowels
than are found in the Classical Arabic, which lends itself to form consonant
clusters in the first syllable of its words or within the boundaries or phrases.
The grammar is more explicit in terms of aspects and time. It also avoids the
traditional passive voice pattern of the Classical Arabic and uses the Measure
VII (seven) bound morpheme as a prefix (in-) at the beginning of the transitive
verbs to indicate passivity. This text gives a general view of the differences
between the two languages Modern Standard Arabic(MSA) and the Iraqi
dialect (ID) in English, but the Iraqi dialect still needs further investigation of
the discourse at the social level by studying exchanges taken from the daily
speech of people. This text book is different from all the other books on Arabic
in that the last part contains all forms and formulas that you can express
yourself easily in various situations, and they are designed according to the
notional functional style of speech exchanges in the daily life of the Iraqi
people.

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