SS LN01 0117 IntrotoStability

CIVE.
5120 Structural Stability (3-0-3)

01/17/17
Structural Stability
– Introduction –
Prof. Tzuyang Yu
Structural Engineering Research Group (SERG)
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Lowell, Massachusetts
Outline
•  Concept of structural failures
•  Structural failures due to instability
•  Types of instability
•  Approaches in structural stability
•  Classical beam-column problem
•  Examples
•  Design philosophies
2
Concept
•  Material failures:
–  Brittle failure
–  Ductile failure
–  Fatigue failure
•  Structural failures:
–  Local material failure (e.g., cracking, yielding, imperfection)
–  Global material failure (e.g., aging)
–  Local system failure (e.g., buckling, manufacturing errors)
–  Global system failure (e.g., buckling, excessive loading)
3
Structural Failures
•  Global buckling of a wind turbine tower
(Note: Temperature = -54°F) Wyoming (02/01/11)

4
Structural Failures
•  Global buckling of a wind turbine tower
(Source: Dassault Systems)
(Source: Unknown)
5
Structural Failures
•  Global buckling of a wind turbine blade
(Source: NSE Composites)

Sigel, Michigan (02/24/16)
6
Structural Failures
•  Torsional buckling of an I-beam •  Local buckling of the
member compression flange
7
Structural Failures
•  Global buckling of a truss system
Hartford
Civic Center
Stadium, CN
(01/18/78) 8
Structural Failures
University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)

(Source: John Stamets)
9
Structural Failures
University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)

(Source: John Stamets)
10
Structural Failures
11
Malaysia (2009)
Structural Failures
Malaysia
(2009)
12
Structural Failures
•  Combined buckling of rails
South Korea
Washington, D.C. (06/23/09)
13
Structural Failures
•  Combined buckling of rails
(Source: Iowa DOT, Oct. 2013) 14

Structural Failures
•  Buckling of bridge girders during construction
Washington (03/18/15) 15
Structural Failures
•  Buckling of bridge girders during construction
Washington (03/18/15) 16
Structural Failures
•  Buckling of steel towers
South Australia (10/05/16)
(Source: Unknown) 17
Structural Failures
•  Buckling of reinforced concrete columns
2010 Canterbury earthquake,

Christchurch, New Zealand
(Source: Hyland Consultants, Ltd.)

18
Structural Failures
•  Buckling of reinforced concrete columns
1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
19
Structural Failures
•  Failures of reinforced concrete columns in an expressway
1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan
20
Types of Instability
•  Classical/bifurcation instability (buckling)

–  Symmetric bifurcation
•  Stable and unstable
–  Asymmetric bifurcation
•  Stable and unstable
•  Limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)
•  Finite-disturbance instability (buckling)
21
•  Examples of classical/bifurcation instability

–  Buckling of long straight columns loaded axially
–  Buckling of thin plate loaded by in-plane loads
–  Buckling of rings
22
•  Examples of limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)
–  Snapping of a low pinned arch under lateral loads
–  Snapping of clamped shallow spherical caps under uniform lateral

pressure
23
•  Examples of finite-disturbance instability (buckling)
–  Buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial compression
–  Buckling of complete, spherical, thin shells under external pressure
24
Approaches in Structural Stability
•  The Force/Bifurcation Approach
–  Static equilibrium
–  Eigenvalue analysis
•  The Energy Approach

–  Principle of virtual work / Hamilton’s principle
–  Elastic strain energy, internal work, external work, potential energy
•  The Dynamic Approach
•  Small deflection analysis vs. large deflection analysis
25
Classical Beam-Column Problem
•  Timoshenko beam-column with a concentrated lateral load
26
Examples
•  Spring-bar system subjected to axial loading – Small deflection
–  The force approach
–  The energy approach
27
Examples
•  Spring-bar system subjected to axial loading – Large deflection
–  The force approach
–  The energy approach
28
Design Philosophies
•  Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
•  Plastic Design (PD)
•  Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)
29
Summary
•  Structures can fail due to instability/buckling which occurs below the
elastic, plastic, or fatigue limit and the fracture strength, in addition
to plastic yielding and brittle fracture.
•  Structural instability can be local, global, or the combination of both.
•  Stability analysis of structural problems means i) finding the

minimum buckling load and its mode, ii) determining the post-
buckling behavior, and iii) developing strategies for stabilization.
•  Three approaches to find the buckling load of a structure; the force/

bifurcation, energy, and dynamic approaches.
30

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CIVE.

5120 Structural Stability (3-0-3)

• Structural failures due to instability

• Approaches in structural stability

• Classical beam-column problem

(Note: Temperature = -54°F) Wyoming (02/01/11)

(Source: Dassault Systems)

(Source: NSE Composites)

University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)

University of Washington, Husky Stadium, Seattle, WA (02/25/87)

Washington, D.C. (06/23/09)

(Source: Iowa DOT, Oct. 2013) 14

South Australia (10/05/16)

2010 Canterbury earthquake,

(Source: Hyland Consultants, Ltd.)

1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan

1995 Kobe earthquake, Japan

• Classical/bifurcation instability (buckling)

• Limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)

• Finite-disturbance instability (buckling)

• Examples of classical/bifurcation instability

– Buckling of thin plate loaded by in-plane loads

– Snapping of clamped shallow spherical caps under uniform lateral

– Buckling of complete, spherical, thin shells under external pressure

• The Energy Approach

• The Dynamic Approach

• Small deflection analysis vs. large deflection analysis

– The energy approach

– The energy approach

• Plastic Design (PD)

• Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

• Structural instability can be local, global, or the combination of both.

• Stability analysis of structural problems means i) finding the

• Three approaches to find the buckling load of a structure; the force/

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•  Structural failures due to instability

•  Approaches in structural stability

•  Classical beam-column problem

•  Classical/bifurcation instability (buckling)

•  Limit-load/snap through instability (buckling)

•  Finite-disturbance instability (buckling)

•  Examples of classical/bifurcation instability

–  Buckling of thin plate loaded by in-plane loads

–  Snapping of clamped shallow spherical caps under uniform lateral

–  Buckling of complete, spherical, thin shells under external pressure

•  The Energy Approach

•  The Dynamic Approach

•  Small deflection analysis vs. large deflection analysis

–  The energy approach

–  The energy approach

•  Plastic Design (PD)

•  Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

•  Structural instability can be local, global, or the combination of both.

•  Stability analysis of structural problems means i) finding the

•  Three approaches to find the buckling load of a structure; the force/