Determination of Vitamin C in Some Fruits and Vegetables in Davanagere City, (Karanataka) - India

Research Article [Kumar et al., 4(3): March.
, 2013]
CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES

Determination of vitamin C in some fruits and vegetables in
Davanagere city, (Karanataka) - India
G. Vasanth Kumar*, Ajay Kumar K., Raghu Patel G.R. and S. Manjappa
*Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, (Karnataka) - India
Department of Chemistry, UBDT College of Engineering, Davanagere, (Karnataka) - India
Abstract
The ascorbic acid content of some fruits and vegetables namely lemon, banana, Jack fruit, sapota, pomegranate,
carrot, beans, cabbage, cauliflower and potato. The fruits were collected from local market and the pulp and seed
free juices were collected. Ascorbic acid content and total phenolic content of fresh fruit juices and vegetables were
determined by volumetric method. Ascorbic acid content was high in lemon and low in banana fruits. Ascorbic acid
content was high in cauliflower and low in beans vegetables were found.
Key-Words: Vitamin C, Fruits, Davanagere
Introduction
Material and Methods
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is the most important
Samples for the study were purchased in local market
vitamin in fruits and vegetables. Except human and
in Davanagere city, Karnataka state. All the samples
other primates, most of the phylogenetically higher
were thoroughly cleaned using deionised water to
animals can synthesize vitamin C (L-ascorbate).
remove adhering contaminants. For the analysis of
More than 90% of the vitamin C in human diets is
vitamin C in the samples, determination was done on
supplied by fruits and vegetables (including
the same day of purchase to counteract the instability
potatoes). Vitamin C is defined as the generic term
of vitamin C.
for all compounds exhibiting the biological activity
Vitamin C was determined by using the procedure as
of L-ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is the principal
outlined by Food Analysis Laboratory Manual
biologically active form but L-dehydroascorbic acid,
Chapter 7 Vitamin C Determination by Indophenol
an oxidation product, also exhibits biological activity.
Method9 and AOAC International Methods of
Vitamin C is required for the prevention of scurvy
Analysis vol 16 Method 967.2110. 10 g of each of the
and maintenance of healthy skin, gums and blood
samples with the exception of fruits was accurately
vessels. It functions in collagen formation, absorption
weighed and ground using mortar and pestle with an
of inorganic iron, reduction of plasma cholesterol
additional of 20 ml of metaphosphoric acid acetic
level, inhibition of nitrosoamine formation,
acid. The mixture was further ground and strained
enhancement of the immune system, and reaction
through muslin and the extract was made up to 100
with singlet oxygen and other free radicals. As an
ml with the metaphosphoric-acetic acid mixture. 5 ml
antioxidant, it reportedly reduces the risk of
of the metaphosphoric acid-acetic acid solution was
arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and some
pipetted into three of the 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask
forms of cancer1-5.
followed by 2 ml of the samples extract. The samples
The consumption of fruit juices and vegetables are
were titrated separately with the indophenol dye
beneficial and the health effects of fruits are ascribed,
solution until a light rose pink persisted for 5 s. The
in part to ascorbic acid, a natural antioxidant which
amount of dye used in the titration were determined
may inhibit the development of major clinical
and used in the calculation of vitamin C content.
conditions including cardiovascular diseases and
Determination of vitamin C in fruits was done by
cancer6-8. Present study was to relate the content of
extracting the juice using juice extractor and 2 ml of
ascorbic acid some local fruits and vegetables.
the muslin-filtered juice was used in titration for the
* Corresponding Author
determination of vitamin C.
Email: [email protected]
Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS), Vol. 4, Issue 3: March: 2013, 2489-2491
2489
Research Article [Kumar et al., 4(3): March., 2013]
Results and Discussion 5. Yen G. C., Duh P. D. and Su H.J. (2005).
The result of estimation of vitamin C in some local Food Chem. (89):379-385.
fruits and vegetables are show in table 1. The result 6. Sarkar N., Srivastava P.K. and Dubey V.K.
obtained is comparable to the results of other studies (2009). Curr Nutri Food Sci. (5):53-55.
carried out on the estimation of vitamin C from some 7. Lee S.K. and Kader A. A. (2000).
local fruits and vegetables11. The result shows in Postharvest Biology Technology, 20(3):207–
fruits lemon have maximum vitamin c content and 220.
banana have low vitamin c content and in vegetables 8. Gardner P.T., White T. A. C., McPhail D. B.
cauliflower have maximum and beans have low and Duthie G.G. (2000). Food Chem., 68,
vitamin c content. Since these fruits and vegetables 471-474.
are always available in local markets and they are 9. Zvaigzne G., Karklina .D., Seglina D. and
also not expensive, the considerable amount of Krasnova I, (2009).Chemine Technologija,
vitamin C presents in these fruits and vegetables 3(52), 56-61.
showed that when they are consumed in relative large 10. Nielsen D (1998). Food Analysis. Aspen
amount, they will certainly contribute to the daily Publishers, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland
human dietary intake of the vitamin. It is to be noted United State Department of Agriculture
that the requirement of vitamin C increases during Nutrient base (2004).
pregnancy, lactation, adolescence, hyperthyroidism, 11. Association of Official Analytical Chemists
infection and after surgery12. Maintenance of daily AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis,
dietary intake of vitamin C leads to the prevention of Association of Official Analytical
scurvy which is the deficiency disease state of Chemists, Washington, D.C.
vitamin C. This disease state has been shown to be 12. Achinewhu S. C. (1983). Ascorbic acid
high in children and the elderly13. content of some Nigeria local fruits and
vegetables. Qualities Plantarium Plant Foods
References
for Human Nutrition. 33 (4):261-266.
1. Rekha C., Poornima.G., Manasa M., Abhipsa
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(1972). Human Nutrition and Dieterics.
Prashith Kekuda
Churchill, Livingstone, London 8th
2. T. R.(2012). Ascorbic Acid, Total Phenol
Edition.
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14. Abubakar J. A., Akanya H. O. and Garba S.
Juices of Four Ripe and Unripe Citrus Fruits
A. (1990). A study of the ascorbic acid intake
Chem Sci Trans. 1(2):303-310.
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Table 1: Vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables
S/No. Name Vitamin C (mg/100g sample)

01 lemon 40.48±0.098
02 banana 18.65±0.07
03 Jack friut 20.76±0.05
04 sapota 34.49±0.08
05 pomegranate 34.14±0.02
06 carrot 29.92±0.04
07 beans 23.58±0.06
08 cabbage 35.55±0.09
09 cauliflower 39.42±0.05
10 potato 31.32±0.09
2490
Research Article [Kumar et al., 4(3): March., 2013]
The Following Figure Shows the Colour Changes for Indophenol methods:
Left flask: Initial colour of the sample. Right flask: At the titration endpoint all the ascorbic acid reacted and the
solution changes from blue to permanent pink.
Lemon Cabbage
Banana Cauliflower
Potato Beans
Pomegranate Carrot
Jack fruit
2491

Determination of Vitamin C in Some Fruits and Vegetables in Davanagere City, (Karanataka) - India

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Research Article [Kumar et al., 4(3): March.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES

Table 1: Vitamin C content of some fruits and vegetables

S/No. Name Vitamin C (mg/100g sample)

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