Government of Nepal

District Transport
Master Plan (DTMP)
 

Ministry of Federal Affairs 
and Local Development 
Department of Local Infrastructure 
Development and Agricultural 
Roads (DoLIDAR) 

District Development Committee, 
Bajura 

Volume I: Main Report 

 
April, 2013

Prepared by the North Star Engineering Consultant (P) Ltd for the District Development Committee
(DDC) and District Technical Office (DTO), Bajura with Technical Assistance from the Department of
Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DoLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and
Local Development and grant supported by DFID.
FOREWORD

i
 PREFACES/ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The District Transport Master Plan of Bajura District has been prepared for RTI sector
maintenance Pilot, DoLIDAR under the Contract Agreement between RTI sector
Maintenance Pilot and North Star Engineering Consultant (P) Ltd, contract no. RTI
sector_DTMP/001/012 to carry out the task of updating / preparing of DTMP of Bajura district
of Nepal.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Project Co-ordinator Mr. Ganga
Bhadur. Basnet (SDE), and Er. Manoj Kumar Sherestha of RTI sector whose valuable co-
operation and suggestions guided us to accomplish the agreed task to this level. Account
and Administrative personnel of the project are also thankful for their liberal cooperation in
the financial and administrative dealings. We would also like to convey our sincere thanks to
LDO of Bajura DDC, Mr Bishnu Bdr. Ghimere, DTO Chief Mr. Ganesh Kumar Giri, Planning
officer of Bajura DDC Mr. Ram Bdr. Sahi, Engineers, Sub-engineer and other staffs of DDC
and DTO, Bajura for their extended help and regular support and coordination at different
levels while working at the field level.
The local leaders and local people from Bajura district are also thankful for their help and
suggestion for the selection and identification of the District Core Road Network. We hope,
this updated / prepared DTMP of Bajura District will be very helpful and a valuable guideline
for the planning and development of effective and systematic transport network in Bajura
District.

_____________________
Dhurba Raj Tripathi
On behalf of
North Star Engineering Consultant Pvt. Ltd

ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Bajura District is located in Seti Zone of the Far-western Development Region of Nepal. It
borders with Mugu and Kalikot district to the East, Bhajang district to the West, Humla to the
North and Accham to the South. The district with Martadi as Headquarters has 27 VDCs, 9
Ilakas and 1 constituency areas. The district has total area of 2,188 km² and had a
population of 134,912 in 2011 census. Geographically the district is divided in three distinct
regions from north to south viz. Higher Himalayan Region, Higher Mountain and mid –
Mountains.

The district inventory identified just over 147 km of roads, including 94km of strategic roads
and 53km of rural roads. In coordination with the DTICC and DDC, 9 rural roads with a length
of 52km were identified as making up the district road core network (DRCN), and the
remaining 1.5km were classified as village roads. The existing DRCN roads link up only 7 of
the 27 VDC headquarters. All of the DRCN roads are earthen fair-weather roads.

Road Class  Total length  Black Top  Gravel  Earthen 

Strategic road network          94.00          13.00                 ‐            81.00 
Urban roads                 ‐                   ‐                   ‐                   ‐   
District road core network          51.96                 ‐                   ‐            51.96 
Village roads             1.49                 ‐                   ‐              1.49 
Total        147.45          13.00                 ‐          134.45 

Annual conservation costs are estimated at NPR 1.559 million based on the first year, and
will be updated in the ARMP based on actual annual maintenance needs as determined in
the annual road condition survey. For the full five-year period the conservation costs will
come to NPR 7.794 million. An analysis of the road network, identified the need for
improvement, of all the DRCN roads in order to bring them to a maintainable all-weather
standard and provide them with a proper road surface in light of existing traffic volumes.
Since, the traffic volume is very low and also the SRN within the district is still not all weather,
the major improvement in this DTMP has not been focused except the minor cross drainage
and retaining structure work. Although, the existing DRCN demand major cross drainage
structure 660m bridges for all weather improvement, due the lack of available budget and
very low traffic volume budget has not been allocated for construction of bridges as it
requires high construction cost. However, the required improvements and their estimated
costs are listed below.
.
Improvement type  Requirement Cost (NPR)
Bridges  660 m                                ‐   
Slab culverts  0 m                                ‐   
Causeways  90 m                     900,000 
Hume pipes  15 units                     150,000 
3
Masonry retaining walls 430 m                 4,300,000 
Gabion retaining walls  3567.5 m3                 8,918,750 
Lined drains  0 m                                ‐   
Widening  0 m                                ‐   
Rehabilitation  0 km                                ‐   
Gravelling  0 km                                ‐   
Blacktopping  0 km                                ‐   
New construction                  143.10  km             572,400,000 
Total              586,668,750 

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The available budget for the road sector for the coming five years (fiscal year 2070/71 to
2074/75) is estimated to be NPR 230.162 million. Allocation to the district road core network
was set at 95% of the total road sector budget, which was subsequently allocated firstly to
the annual maintenance needs, secondly to the improvement needs and lastly to new
construction. This budget is insufficient to cover all the estimated costs of conservation,
improvement and new construction. However, it allows all conservation requirements to be
covered throughout the DTMP period and almost all selected improvement works to be
completed before the end of the DTMP period. The remaining improvement works will be
carried out in the next DTMP. All new construction is not possible within this DTMP period
and will also be carried out under the next DTMP.

Within the DTMP period no roads will be gravelled nor blacktopped. The main concentration
of this DTMP will be new DRCN construction connecting VDC headquarters to district
headquarters or SRN to provide minimum level of access to at least fair weather standard.

At present the number of VDC headquarters with access to the SRN is only 5 with 26%
population and DRCN is 2 with 9% population. Moreover, 21 VDC with 71% population has
no access to SRN or DRCN. Thus, at the end of DTMP, additional 16 number of VDC will
have access to fair-weather DRCN, increasing population from 9% to 73%. The number of
VDC headquarters with no access to DRCN roads will remain at 7, while the percentage of
the district population with no access to DRCN roads will reduce at 22%.

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ABBREVIATIONS

DDC District Development Committee

DOLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Road
DOR Department of Road
DTICC District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee
DTMP District Transport Master Plan
DTPP District Transport Perspective Plan
GIS Geographical Information system
GPS Global Positioning System
GON Government of Nepal
LGCDP Local Governance and Community Development Programme
MFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
SWAp Sector Wide Approach
VDC Village Development Committee

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CONTENTS 
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................................. i 
prefaces/Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. ii 
Executive summary............................................................................................................... iii 
Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... v 
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. vi 
1.  Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 
2.  District road core network (DRCN) .................................................................................. 3 
2.1  Total road network ........................................................................................................ 3 
2.2  National Highways and Feeder Roads ......................................................................... 3 
2.3  District Road Core Network .......................................................................................... 3 
2.4  Village roads ................................................................................................................. 4 
3.  District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP) .................................................................... 7 
3.1  Conservation................................................................................................................. 7 
3.2  Improvement ................................................................................................................. 8 
3.3  New construction ........................................................................................................ 10 
3.4  District Transport Perspective Plan ............................................................................ 11 
4.  Cost estimation ................................................................................................................ 14 
4.1  Conservation............................................................................................................... 14 
4.2  Improvement ............................................................................................................... 15 
4.3  New construction ........................................................................................................ 15 
4.4  DTPP costs ................................................................................................................. 16 
5.  Ranking............................................................................................................................. 17 
5.1  Conservation............................................................................................................... 17 
5.2  Improvement ............................................................................................................... 17 
5.3  New construction ........................................................................................................ 18 
6.  District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) .......................................................................... 19 
6.1  Five Year Projected Financial resources .................................................................... 19 
6.2  Budget allocation ........................................................................................................ 19 
6.3  DTMP outputs ............................................................................................................. 21 
6.4  DTMP outcome ........................................................................................................... 21 
Annex 1  Traffic data ............................................................................................................ 23 
Annex 2  Population served ................................................................................................ 24 
Annex 3  Location of proposed interventions ................................................................... 26 

vi
TABLES
Table 2.1.1  Total road length in Bajura Distict(km) .............................................................. 3 
Table 2.2.1  National Highways and Feeder Roads in Bajura District (km) .......................... 3 
Table 2.3.1  Total Road Length in Bajura District (km) ......................................................... 4 
Table 2.3.2  District Road core network in Bajura District (km) ...................................... 4 
Table 3.1.1  Conservation requirements ............................................................................... 8 
Table 3.2.1  Sections of the district road core network requiring rehabilitation..................... 8 
Table 3.2.2  Sections of the district road core network requiring gravelling.......................... 9 
Table 3.2.3  Required cross drainage structures .................................................................. 9 
Table 3.2.4  Required protective structures ........................................................................ 10 
Table 3.2.5  Sections of the district road core network requiring widening ......................... 10 
Table 3.2.6  Sections of the district road core network requiring blacktopping ................... 10 
Table 3.3.1  Sections of the district road core network requiring new construction.. 11 
Table 3.4.1  District Transport Perspective Plan ................................................................ 12 
Table 4.1.1  Standard unit costs for conservation .............................................................. 14 
Table 4.1.2  Estimated conservation costs for the first year (NPR ‘000) ............................ 14 
Table 4.2.1  Standard unit costs for improvement activities ............................................... 15 
Table 4.2.2  Cost estimate for improvement measures (NPR ‘000) ................................... 15 
Table 4.3.1  Standard unit costs for new construction ........................................................ 15 
Table 4.3.2  Cost estimate for new construction (NPR ‘000) .............................................. 16 
Table 4.4.1  DTPP costs (NPR ‘000) .................................................................................. 16 
Table 5.1.1  Ranking of conservation works (NPR ‘000) .................................................... 17 
Table 5.2.1  Ranking of improvement works (NPR ‘000) .................................................... 18 
Table 5.3.1  Ranking of construction works (NPR ‘000) ..................................................... 18 
Table 6.1.1  Estimated funding levels (roads) for next five years (in NPR ‘000)................. 19 
Table 6.2.1  DTMP investment plan ................................................................................... 20 
Table 6.3.1  DTMP output ................................................................................................... 21 
Table 6.4.1  Standard of DRCN roads ................................................................................ 21 
Table 6.4.2  Population with access to road network ......................................................... 21 

FIGURES
Figure 1  Map of Nepal indicating Bajura District ................................................................. 1 
Figure 2  Total Road Inventory ............................................................................................ 5 
Figure 3  District Road Core Network (DRCN) .................................................................... 6 
Figure 4  District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP) ....................................................... 13 
Figure 5  District Road sector budget allocation ................................................................ 19 
Figure 6  District Transport Master Plan (DTMP)............................................................... 22 

vii
1. INTRODUCTION
Bajura District, a part of Seti Zone, of Far western Region (Sudur Pashchimanchal), is one of
the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district,
with Martadi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 2,188 km² and had a population of
134,912 in 2011 census. The district has 27 VDCs, 9 Ilakas and 1 constituency areas. The
district is situated in Longitude between 81º 10’ 20” to 81º 48’ 27” East and Latitude 29º 16’
21” to 29º 56’ 56” North. Geographically the district is divided in three distinct regions from
north to south viz. Higher Himalayan Region, Higher Mountain and mid – Mountains. The
Higher Himalayan region comprises of Saipal Himalayan range; High Mountain region
comprises of Doha Lekh and Ghori Lekh. Similarly, Mid Mountain range comprises different
ranges of mountains e.g. Malika Temple. The annual rainfall is about 13,433 mm and
temperatures vary from 0 ºC to 40 ºC. The livelihood of more than 80% of the district
population depends on agriculture farming, mainly small scale livestock. Due to low level of
agricultural production, the majority of the households face acute food shortages for a large
part of the year.

Figure 1 Map of Nepal indicating Bajura District

According to the National Census 2011, the total population of the district is 134,912
comprising 69,106 female (51%) and 65,806 male (49%) residing in 24,908 households.
Bajura district has an average population density of around 62 people per square km. The
average family size is 5.4. Life expectancy of the people is 58 years. The average literacy
rate is about 32%. Bajura district has a multi ethnic composition with Chhetri, Kami, Thakuri,
Brahman, Magar, Damai, Sarki, Newar, Sherpa, Rai kirati and Sanyashi (Giri and Puri). The
common language is Nepali (96%) followed by Bhote Sherpa (0.46%) and Tamang (0.42 %).

1
Although accessibility to Bajura is very poor, this is improving rapidly. The Government
strategy is mainly focused on the connection of VDC headquarters with all weather motor
able roads to SRN or District headquarters. Moreover, the DDC body of Bajura district has
given higher priority on rural roads.

2
2. DISTRICT ROAD CORE NETWORK (DRCN)
This chapter gives an overview of the existing roads in Bajura district, distinguishing between
strategic roads and rural roads. It goes on to identify those rural roads that make up the
district road core network (DRCN) that will form the basis for this DTMP. The remaining rural
roads are classified as village roads.

2.1 TOTAL ROAD NETWORK

Bajura district has an estimated road network of 147 kilometres, including 94 km of strategic
roads managed by DOR and 53 km of rural roads managed by Bajura DDC and the VDCs.
Most of the strategic roads and all of the rural roads have an earthen surface. A map of the
total road network in Bajura district is shown in Figure 2 at the end of this chapter.

Table 2.1.1 Total road length in Bajura Distict(km)

Road Class  Total length  Black Top  Gravel  Earthen 

Strategic roads  94.00  13.00                        ‐    81.00 
Urban roads                        ‐                          ‐                          ‐                          ‐   
Rural roads   53.45        53.45 
Total  147.45  13.00                        ‐    134.45 

2.2 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND FEEDER ROADS

Bajura district has only one feeder roads totalling 94 km, treated as strategic roads in this
DTMP.

Table 2.2.1 National Highways and Feeder Roads in Bajura District (km)

Code  Description Total length  Black Top Gravel   Earthen

F146  Ikadigad(Achham Distr. Boarder) ‐ Martadi 43.00 13.00   30.00
F146  Martadi ‐ kolti  51.00   51.00
      
      
      
Total     94.00 13.00 0.00  81.00

2.3 DISTRICT ROAD CORE NETWORK

As part of the preparation of this DTMP, the District Road Core Network (DRCN) was
identified together with the DTICC and DDC. This DRCN is the minimum network that allows
all VDC headquarters to be connected with the strategic road network and the district
headquarters, either directly or through other VDCs. In the selection of the DRCN roads,
account was taken of the road conditions and the existing traffic levels. The identified DRCN
roads were subsequently provided with road codes according to national standards.

The resulting District Road Core Network in Bajura district is shown in Figure 3 at the end of
this chapter. The DRCN consists of 9 district roads with a total length of 52 km. The
remaining 1.50 km of existing rural roads are not considered to be DRCN roads and are
classified as village roads under the responsibility of the VDCs (see also section 2.3). All
DRCN roads are currently earthen roads and are considered fair-weather only (see Error!
Not a valid bookmark self-reference.Table 2.3.1). A complete list of the DRCN roads and
their characteristics is provided in

3
Table 2.3.1 Total Road Length in Bajura District (km)

Road Class  Total length  Black Top  Gravel  Earthen 

Strategic road network  94.00  13.00                        ‐    81.00 
Highways                        ‐            
Feeder roads  94.00  13.00     81.00 
Urban roads                        ‐                          ‐                          ‐                          ‐   
                         ‐            
District road core network  51.96                        ‐                          ‐    51.96 
Village roads   1.49                        ‐                          ‐    1.49 
Total  147.45  13.00                        ‐    134.45 

Table 2.3.2 District Road core network in Bajura District (km)

Total  Black  All  Fair 

Code  Description  Gravel Earthen 
length Top  weather  weather
67DR001 Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road  4.00      4.00  ‐  4.00 
Barahbise‐ Dhanalta‐Delta‐
67DR002  7.35      7.35  ‐  7.35 
Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road 
67DR003 Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika Road  8.22      8.22  ‐  8.22 
67DR004 Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road 11.70      11.70  ‐  11.70 
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐
67DR005  5.89      5.89  ‐  5.89 
Aatichaur‐Thamlek Road 
67DR006 Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road  0.90      0.90  ‐  0.90 
67DR007 Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road  2.40      2.40  ‐  2.40 
Piluchur‐Baddhau‐ Boldhik ‐Kawadi ‐
67DR008  8.00      8.00  ‐  8.00 
Bichhaiya Road 
67DR009 Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road  3.50      3.50  ‐  3.50 
Total  51.96     51.96   51.96

2.4 VILLAGE ROADS

Bajura district is one of the 74th less developed and remote district of Nepal. The district
headquarter is still not connected to all weather SRN. The district has very low road density
and existing road identified are moreover district road core network (DRCN). There are very
few village roads (1.5km in Bramhtola VDC) of a lower importance that does not form the
main link between the VDC headquarters and the district headquarters or strategic road
network. Instead they provide additional access to other parts of the VDCs.
In addition to village road some additional branch road has been recommended from
DTICC/DDC meeting and listed below.
i) Martadi – Lalepatan Tourism Road
ii) Nateshwori –Bishnupani- Road
iii) Porkkkhe- Triveni Tourism Road
iv) Porkhe – Buddhinanda Tourism Road
v) Jadanda- Kordha- Buddhinanda Road
vi) Tipada- Jalpa –Kinnichaur Road
vii) Karnali- Berma- Narkot-Mallika Road
viii) Melkandh- Rajali- Amlise- Dahakot Road

It is recommended that the VDCs organise maintenance workers to carry out the emergency
and routine/recurrent maintenance of these roads to ensure they remain accessible. Any
upgrading or new construction of village roads falls outside the scope of this DTMP and is
the responsibility of the VDCs.

4
 Figure 2 Total Road Inventory

Road Class Total length Black Top Gravel Earthen

Strategic roads 94.00 13.00                 ‐    81.00
Urban roads                    ‐                    ‐                    ‐                   ‐ 
Rural roads  53.45 53.45
Total 147.45 13.00                 ‐    134.45

5
 Figure 3 District Road Core Network (DRCN)

Surface Type
Code Total length  Black  New 
Gravel  Earthern
Top Construction
67DR001 21 ‐ ‐ 4 17
67DR002 12.6 ‐ ‐ 7.3 5
67DR003 11.5 ‐ ‐ 8.2 3
67DR004 11.7 ‐ ‐ 11.7 ‐
67DR005 5.9 ‐ ‐ 5.9 ‐
67DR006 1.5 ‐ ‐ 0.9 0.6
67DR007 16.1 ‐ ‐ 2.4 13.7
67DR008 43.2 ‐ ‐ 7.9 35.2
67DR009 17.2 ‐ ‐ 3.5 13.7
67DR010 7.2 ‐ ‐ ‐ 7.2
67DR011 9.1 ‐ ‐ ‐ 9.1
67DR012 13.7 ‐ ‐ ‐ 13.7
67DR013 4.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.0
67DR014 4.6 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.6
67DR015 15.8 ‐ ‐ ‐ 15.8
195.0 51.8 143

6
3. DISTRICT TRANSPORT PERSPECTIVE PLAN (DTPP)
This chapter looks at the required interventions regarding conservation, improvement and
new construction of the district road core network. It provides a complete list of all works
required in the DRCN, which together form the District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP).
For the works forming part of the DTPP, chapter 4 will subsequently provide cost estimation,
while chapter 5 will rank the works according to priority and chapter 6 will select those priority
works that can be carried out in the next 5 years and thus form part of the District Transport
Master Plan (DTMP).

3.1 CONSERVATION
Conservation refers to the actions required to repair a road and keep it in good and passable
condition. For DTMP planning purposes standard costs per kilometre for each maintenance
type are applied to the entire district road core network, whereby for certain maintenance
type’s distinction is made according to the surface type of the road. Identification of the actual
maintenance requirements of each road is made annually in the ARMP. Conservation
activities include:
1． Emergency maintenance - Basic repairs aimed at removing landslides and repairing
damage to the road that inhibit the proper use of the road and make it impassable.
This mainly takes place during and after the rainy season. A provisional lump sum is
reserved for the entire district road core network based on the network length.
Allocation to specific road sections is based on the actual need for clearing landslides
or repairing washouts and cuts in the road.
2． Routine maintenance - General maintenance of the road aimed at preventing damage
by ensuring the proper working of the different road elements (retaining walls,
drainage system, carriageway, etc.) and cutting vegetation. This is carried out each
year on a more or less continuous basis. Routine maintenance is required for the
entire district road core network. The specific requirements for routine maintenance
are determined on an annual basis through the road condition survey and defined in
the ARMP.
3． Recurrent maintenance - Repairs of minor damage to the road surface and road
structures to bring them back to good condition. This is generally carried out once or
twice a year. Recurrent maintenance is required for the entire district road core
network, whereby distinction is made according to the surface type. The specific
requirements for recurrent maintenance are determined on an annual basis through
the road condition survey and defined in the ARMP.
4． Periodic maintenance - Larger repairs to the road largely aimed at renewing the road
surface through regravelling, resealing or overlays. It is generally carried out with
several years interval. Although periodic maintenance is only required for specific
sections of the district road core network, a lump sum allocation is made for the entire
district road core network based on average annual requirements, distinguishing
between different surface types. The specific periodic maintenance requirements are
determined on an annual basis through the annual road condition survey and defined
in the ARMP.

In case of Bajura District, volume of traffic is very low and also the SRN within the district is
still not all weather. Moreover, there are only two DRCN on which traffic ply over and traffic
volume is negligible, thus it doesn’t requires all four type of conservation. Hence, only the
emergency maintenance has been recommended from DTICC and included in this DTMP.
The length of roads to be included under each conservation type for the first year is indicated
below. This is basically the entire district road core network in as far as it does not require
rehabilitation.

7
Table 3.1.1 Conservation requirements

Emergency  Routine  Recurrent  Periodic 

Code  maintenance (km)  maintenance (km)  maintenance (km)  maintenance (km) 
67DR001  4.00       
67DR002  7.35       
67DR003  8.22       
67DR004  11.70       
67DR005  5.89       
67DR006  0.90       
67DR007  2.40       
67DR008  8.00       
67DR009  3.50       
Total  51.96       

3.2 IMPROVEMENT
Improvement refers to actions required to improve a road to bring it to a maintainable all-
weather standard. It includes the following actions, which for Bajura are described in more
detail in the subsequent sections.
1． Rehabilitation - Significant repairs required to bring a very poor road back to a
maintainable standard. This does not include any changes to the original surface
type.
2． Gravelling - Placement of a gravel layer to make it all-weather and ensure that the
road remains passable during the rainy season.
3． Cross drainage - Placement of suitable cross-drainage structures with the aim of
making the road all-weather and ensuring that the road remains passable even during
the rainy season
4． Protective structures - Placement of retaining walls and lined side drains to avoid
excessive damage to the road during the rainy season and bring it to a maintainable
standard.
5． Blacktopping - Placement of a blacktop layer in roads with traffic volumes exceeding
50 passenger car units (PCU) to reduce damage to the road surface
6． Widening - Increase of the road width in roads with traffic volumes exceeding 500
passenger car units (PCU) to ensure the proper flow of traffic.

3.2.1 REHABILITATION
No rehabilitation needs were identified in the district road core network.

Table 3.2.1 Sections of the district road core network requiring rehabilitation

Code  Description Total length (km) Gravelling (km)

 
 
Total  0.00         0.00 

3.2.2 GRAVELLING
As the entire district road core network needs to be brought to an all-weather status,
gravelling of the road surface is required for all the earthen sections in the DRCN. Since,
there is only two DRCN in district on which vehicle ply over, also the volume of traffic is very
low. Moreover, the SRN is still not all weather, in such situation no DRCN has been
recommended and projected for gravelling. For Bajura this concerns the total of 0 km of
DRCN roads.

8
Table 3.2.2 Sections of the district road core network requiring gravelling

Code  Description Total length (km) Gravelling (km)

   
Total    

3.2.3 CROSS DRAINAGE

Although, the existing DRCN demand major cross drainage structure 660m bridges for all
weather improvement, due the lack of available budget and very low traffic volume budget
has not been allocated for construction of bridges as it requires high construction cost. The
need for minor cross drainage was identified for the different DRCN roads. A total of 90m
stone causeway and 15 units of pipe culverts were identified as being required to bring the
DRCN as for fair weather standard.

Table 3.2.3 Required cross drainage structures

Slab  CC  Stone  Pipe 

Bridge 
Code  Description  culvert  Causeway  Causeway  culvert 
(m) 
(m)  (m)  (m)  (units) 
67DR001  Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road  15    
67DR002  Barahbise‐  Dhanalta‐Delta‐
Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road           3
67DR003  Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika Road 10  3
67DR004  Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road 30  7
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐
67DR005 
Aatichaur‐Thamlek Road      15  2
67DR006  Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road      
67DR007  Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road      
67DR008  Piluchur‐Baddhau‐  Boldhik  ‐Kyari  ‐
Bichhaiya Road        10    
67DR009  Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road 10    
Total     90.00  15.00

3.2.4 PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES

Based on the road survey carried out in Bajura, the following retaining walls were identified
as being required to ensure the protection of the district road core network.

9
Table 3.2.4 Required protective structures

Masonry  Gabion  Lined drain 

Code  Description  3 3
walls (m )  walls (m )  (m) 
67DR001  Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road  80 120 
67DR002  Barahbise‐ Dhanalta‐Delta‐Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road 270 
67DR003  Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika Road 300 
67DR004  Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road 30 720 
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐Aatichaur‐Thamlek 
67DR005 
Road  320  758   
67DR006  Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road 300 
67DR007  Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road 500 
67DR008  Piluchur‐Baddhau‐ Boldhik ‐Kyari ‐Bichhaiya Road 300 
67DR009  Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road 300 
Total     430 3,568                 ‐   

3.2.5 WIDENING

Widening of the district road core network in Bajura is required only in specific locations to
bring it up to the minimum standard and to ensure sufficient space in the curves. Additional
widening to a higher standard is not required because of very low traffic volumes.

Table 3.2.5 Sections of the district road core network requiring widening

Code  Description Total length (km)  Widening (m)

     
     
Total        

3.2.6 BLACKTOPPING
An analysis of the traffic data for the different roads making up the district road core network
(see Annex 1) shows that there are no roads that are eligible for blacktopping (traffic volume
exceeds 50 PCU). The total length for blacktopping is 0 km. The blacktopping of the roads
will be treated as a second phase of improvement after they have been gravelled.

Table 3.2.6 Sections of the district road core network requiring blacktopping

Total length  Blacktop  Traffic  Blacktopping 

Code  Description 
(km)  (km)  (VPD)  (km) 
   
   
Total      

3.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION

Due to the very low road density in the district, only few VDC has access to SRN and District
headquarters. Thus, new construction of DRCN roads is required to connect the remaining
VDC headquarters. A list of proposed roads for new construction is provided below. These
roads will provide access to 16 VDC HQs that do not currently have road access. This list is
not complete, however, and additional new construction is required to connect all 27 VDC
headquarters currently without road access.

10
Table 3.3.1 Sections of the district road core network requiring new construction

Existing  New  Bridge 

Code  Description  New VDCs 
length  length  (m) 
67DR001  Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road Jaybageshwori, Kanda 4.00  17.00 
Barahbise‐ Dhanalta‐Delta‐
67DR002  7.35  5.30  120 
Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road  Kuldemandu, Aatichaur 
Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika 
67DR003  8.22  3.20  120 
Road  Kailashmandu 
67DR004  Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road Brahmtola 11.70    60
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐
67DR005  5.89    130 
Aatichaur‐Thamlek Road  Jugada 
67DR006  Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road Pandusain 0.90  0.60 
67DR007  Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road kolti 2.40  13.70 
Piluchur‐Baddhau‐ Boldhik ‐Kyari ‐
67DR008  8.00  35.20  80 
Bichhaiya Road  Baddhu,Rugin,Bicchay 
67DR009  Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road Jukot, Sappata 3.50  13.70  150
Pudubaula (Gudukhati) ‐ Dogadi VDC 
67DR010  ‐  7.20   
Center  Dogadi 
67DR011  Maure‐Toli ‐ Chhatra Road  Toli,Chhatara ‐  9.10 
67DR012  Jugada ‐ Manakot ‐Dahakot Road Manakot,Dahakot ‐  13.70 
67DR013  Kolti ‐ kotila VDC center Road Kotila ‐  4.00 
67DR014  Jukot ‐ Wai VDC Link  Road  Wai ‐  4.60 
67DR015  Piluchur ‐ Jagnnath ‐ Gortee Road Jaganath,Gortee ‐  15.80 
Total    51.96  143.10  660

3.4 DISTRICT TRANSPORT PERSPECTIVE PLAN

The DTPP forces bringing the entire existing district road core network to maintainable all-
weather status, and expanding it to provide access to all VDC headquarters. In the case of
Bajura district, where the SRN is still fair weather and the road density is very low, the
attempt has made to provide the access to all VDC headquarters considering new DRCN
construction instead of improving existing DRCN. For this purpose, the existing DRCN will be
plan only for emergency maintenance and number of different cross drainage and protective
structures will be constructed for minor improvement. A further 143.10 km of new road will be
constructed to maintainable fair-weather earthen standard providing access to 16 additional
VDC HQs. The district road core network will subsequently consist of 195 km of maintainable
fair-weather roads. The following table lists the required interventions, while the proposed
network is shown in the DTPP map in Figure 4.

11
Table 3.4.1 District Transport Perspective Plan

Stone Causeway (m) 

Masonry walls (m3) 
Rehabilitation (km) 

Pipe culvert (units) 
maintenance (km) 

maintenance (km) 

maintenance (km) 

maintenance (km) 

Blacktopping (km) 

Gabion walls (m3) 

New construction 
CC Causeway (m) 
Slab culvert (m) 
Gravelling (km) 

Lined drain (m) 
Widening (m) 
Emergency 

Bridge (m) 
Recurrent 

Periodic 
Routine 

(km) 
Code 
67DR001  4.00  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  15.00  ‐  80.00  120.00  ‐  17.00 
67DR002  7.35  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  120.00  ‐  ‐  ‐  3.00  ‐  270.00  ‐  5.30 
67DR003  8.22  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  120.00  ‐  ‐  10.00  3.00  ‐  300.00  ‐  3.20 
67DR004  11.70  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  60.00  ‐  ‐  30.00  7.00  30.00  720.00  ‐  ‐ 
67DR005  5.89  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  130.00  ‐  ‐  15.00  2.00  320.00  757.50  ‐  ‐ 
67DR006  0.90  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  300.00  ‐  0.60 
67DR007  2.40  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  500.00  ‐  13.70 
67DR008  8.00  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  80.00  ‐  ‐  10.00  ‐  ‐  300.00  ‐  35.20 
67DR009  3.50  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  150.00  ‐  ‐  10.00  ‐  ‐  300.00  ‐  13.70 
67DR010  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  7.20 
67DR011  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  9.10 
67DR012                                  13.70 
67DR013                                  4.00 
67DR014                                  4.60 
67DR015                                  15.80 
                                   
Total  51.96  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  660  ‐  ‐  90  15  430  3,568  ‐  143.10 

12
 Figure 4 District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP)

Surface Type
Code Total length  Black  New 
Gravel  Earthern
Top Construction

67DR001 21 ‐ ‐ 4 17
67DR002 12.6 ‐ ‐ 7.3 5
67DR003 11.5 ‐ ‐ 8.2 3
67DR004 11.7 ‐ ‐ 11.7 ‐
67DR005 5.9 ‐ ‐ 5.9 ‐
67DR006 1.5 ‐ ‐ 0.9 0.6
67DR007 16.1 ‐ ‐ 2.4 13.7
67DR008 43.2 ‐ ‐ 7.9 35.2
67DR009 17.2 ‐ ‐ 3.5 13.7
67DR010 7.2 ‐ ‐ ‐ 7.2
67DR011 9.1 ‐ ‐ ‐ 9.1
67DR012 13.7 ‐ ‐ ‐ 13.7
67DR013 4.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.0
67DR014 4.6 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.6
67DR015 15.8 ‐ ‐ ‐ 15.8
195.0 51.8 143

13
4. COST ESTIMATION
For the cost estimation, use has been made of standard costs for the different activities
required. For the conservation activities this results in an estimation of annual costs, while for
improvement and new construction activities this result in an estimation of the total costs
required.

4.1 CONSERVATION
The costs of the required conservation measures have been calculated using the following
standard costs. These standard costs have been applied to the entire district road core
network, whereby distinction is made based on the surface type in the case of recurrent and
periodic maintenance. It must be noted here that the standard costs for periodic maintenance
are the average annual costs, but that the cost for applying periodic maintenance in a
specific section every several years will be higher (the cumulative cost of several years). The
estimated costs for the first year are presented below, while the costs for subsequent years
will vary slightly as road surface types change as a result of improvements. Detailed cost
estimations for the actual maintenance needs in any given year will be presented in the
ARMP.

Table 4.1.1 Standard unit costs for conservation

Activity  Unit Unit cost (NPR/km)

Emergency maintenance  km 30,000
Routine maintenance  km 20,000
Recurrent maintenance (blacktop)  km 500,000
Recurrent maintenance (gravel)  km 400,000
Recurrent maintenance (earthen)  km 250,000
Periodic maintenance (blacktop)  km 200,000
Periodic maintenance (gravel)  km 250,000

For the first year the estimated costs for conservation of the DRCN come to NPR 1.559
million. Based on this cost for the first year, the costs for conservation of the DRCN for the
next 5 years are estimated at NPR 7.794 million. These costs will change slightly as the
roads are improved and the standard conservation costs change. This will be updated in the
ARMP on an annual basis.
Table 4.1.2 Estimated conservation costs for the first year (NPR ‘000)
Total annual 
Emergency  
Total length 

Total 5‐year 
Gravel (km) 

(blacktop) 

(blacktop) 
Recurrent 

Recurrent 

Recurrent 
(earthen) 
Routine  
Blacktop 

Periodic 

Periodic 
Earthen 

(gravel) 

(gravel) 
(km) 

(km) 

(km) 

cost 

cost 

Code 

67DR001  4.00      4.00  120    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  120  600 

67DR002  7.35  ‐  ‐  7.35  221          ‐  ‐  221  1,103 
67DR003  8.22      8.22  247          ‐  ‐  247  1,233 
67DR004  11.70  ‐  ‐  11.70  351          ‐  ‐  351  1,755 
67DR005  5.89      5.89  177    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  177  884 
67DR006  0.90      0.90  27    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  27  135 
67DR007  2.40      2.40  72    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  72  360 
67DR008  8.00      8.00  240    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  240  1,200 
67DR009  3.50      3.50  105    ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐  105  525 
Total  51.96  ‐  ‐  51.96  1,559 ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  1,559  7,794 

14
4.2 IMPROVEMENT
The costs of the required improvement measures have been calculated using the following
standard costs. These standard costs have been applied to the identified improvement
requirements presented in the previous chapter.

Table 4.2.1 Standard unit costs for improvement activities

Activity  Unit Unit cost (NPR)

Rehabilitation  km 800,000
Widening  m 25,000
Gravelling  km 2,200,000
Blacktopping  km 5,700,000
Bridge construction  m 600,000
Slab culvert construction  m 150,000
CC Causeway construction  m 100,000
Stone Causeway construction  m 10,000
Pipe culvert placement  unit 10,000
Masonry wall construction  m3 10,000
Gabion wall construction  m3 2,500
Lined drain construction  m 1,000

The resulting estimated costs come to NPR 14.269 million as indicated in the table below

Table 4.2.2 Cost estimate for improvement measures (NPR ‘000)

Masonry walls 
Rehabilitation 

CC causeways 
Blacktopping 

Gabion walls 

Lined drains  
Slab culverts 
Total length 

Pipe culvert 
causeways 
Gravelling  

Total cost 
Widening 

Bridges 

Stone 
(km) 

Code 
67DR001  4.00  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 150 ‐ 800 300  ‐  1,250
67DR002  7.35  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 30 ‐ 675  ‐  705
67DR003  8.22  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 100 30 ‐ 750  ‐  880
67DR004  11.70  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 300 70 300 1,800  ‐  2,470
67DR005  5.89  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 150 20 3,200  1,894  ‐  5,264
67DR006  0.90  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 750  ‐  750
67DR007  2.40  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1,250  ‐  1,250
67DR008  8.00  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 100 ‐ ‐ 750  ‐  850
67DR009  3.50  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 100 ‐ ‐ 750  ‐  850
Total  51.96  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 900 150 4,300  8,919  ‐  14,269

4.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION

For new construction, the following standard costs have been applied to estimate the costs
involved.

Table 4.3.1 Standard unit costs for new construction

Activity  Unit Unit cost (NPR)

Opening up  km 4,000,000
Gravelling  km 2,200,000
Bridge construction  m 600,000

The resulting estimated costs for new construction come to NPR 572.400 million.

15
Table 4.3.2 Cost estimate for new construction (NPR ‘000)

Length  Opening 
Code  Description  Gravelling  Bridges  Total cost 
(km)  up 
67DR001  Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road 17.00 68,000   68,000
Barahbise‐ Dhanalta‐Delta‐
67DR002  5.30  21,200      21,200 
Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road 
Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika 
67DR003  3.20  12,800      12,800 
Road 
67DR004  Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road ‐ ‐   ‐
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐
67DR005  ‐  ‐      ‐ 
Aatichaur‐Thamlek Road 
67DR006  Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road 0.60 2,400   2,400
67DR007  Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road 13.70 54,800   54,800
Piluchur‐Baddhau‐ Boldhik ‐Kawadi ‐
67DR008  35.20  140,800      140,800 
Bichhaiya Road 
67DR009  Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road 13.70 54,800   54,800
Padubaula (Gudukhati) ‐ Dogadi VDC 
67DR010  7.20  28,800      28,800 
Center 
67DR011  Maure‐Toli ‐ Chhatra Road 9.10 36,400   36,400
67DR012  Jugada ‐ Manakot ‐Dahakot Road 13.70 54,800   54,800
67DR013  Kolti ‐ kotila VDC center Road 4.00 16,000   16,000
67DR014  Jukot ‐ Wai VDC Link  Road 4.60 18,400   18,400
67DR015  Piluchur ‐ Jagnnath ‐ Gortee Road 15.80 63,200   63,200
Total     143.10 572,400        572,400 

4.4 DTPP COSTS

The total costs for the District Transport Perspective Plan come to NPR 594.463 million as
indicated in the table below.

Table 4.4.1 DTPP costs (NPR ‘000)

Code  Conservation  Improvement New construction Total

67DR001                    600                 1,250              68,000               69,850 
67DR002                 1,103                    705              21,200               23,008 
67DR003                 1,233                    880              12,800               14,913 
67DR004                 1,755                 2,470                       ‐                   4,225 
67DR005                    884                 5,264                       ‐                   6,147 
67DR006                    135                    750                2,400                 3,285 
67DR007                    360                 1,250              54,800               56,410 
67DR008                 1,200                    850           140,800            142,850 
67DR009                    525                    850              54,800               56,175 
67DR010                        ‐                          ‐                28,800               28,800 
67DR011                        ‐                          ‐                36,400               36,400 
67DR012                        ‐                          ‐                54,800               54,800 
67DR013                        ‐                          ‐                16,000               16,000 
67DR014                        ‐                          ‐                18,400               18,400 
67DR015                        ‐                          ‐                63,200               63,200 
   
Total                 7,794               14,269           572,400            594,463 

16
5. RANKING
The ranking of the required interventions determines the order in which they will be carried
out. This ranking is done separately for conservation, improvement and new construction.
Ranking is done according to the cost per person served, whereby the costs are the
estimated costs of the previous chapter. For the calculation of the population served, use is
made of the population data for the VDCs linked by the road concerned. This data is
presented in Annex 2.

5.1 CONSERVATION
Ranking of roads for conservation is based on the total conservation costs per person served
by the road. This ranking of roads will be updated each year in the ARMP based on the
actual cost estimates for the year concerned. An example ranking is provided in the table
below based on standard costs for the first year.

Table 5.1.1 Ranking of conservation works (NPR ‘000)

1. Emergency 

3. Recurrent 

4. Recurrent 

5. Recurrent 

Cost/person 
Total length 

(NPR '000)  

Population 
6. Periodic 

7. Periodic 
2. Routine 

 Total cost 
(blacktop) 
(paved) 

(gravel) 

(gravel) 
(earth) 

served 

(NPR) 
(km) 

Code 
67DR006  0.90  27  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  27  6,751  4 
67DR001  4.00  120  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  120  14,086  9 
67DR007  2.40  72  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  72  7,134  10 
67DR002  7.35  221  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  221  20,376  11 
67DR009  3.50  105  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  105  9,401  11 
67DR005  5.89  177  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  177  14,165  12 
67DR003  8.22  247  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  247  16,458  15 
67DR008  8.00  240  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  240  15,107  16 
67DR004  11.70  351  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐  351  10,708  33 
           

The allocation of maintenance funding will follow a specific sequence indicated below, and
will be applied to the road ranking as defined in the ARMP. This will be of particular
importance where funding is insufficient to cover all conservation costs.
1． Emergency maintenance
2． Routine maintenance
3． Recurrent maintenance paved roads
4． Recurrent maintenance gravel roads
5． Recurrent maintenance Earthen roads
6． Periodic maintenance blacktop roads
7． Periodic maintenance gravel roads

5.2 IMPROVEMENT
In the case of improvement activities, ranking is again based on the basis of the total cost per
person served. The resulting order of the roads is shown in the table below. In the case of
roads requiring blacktopping, the improvement of the road has been split into two phases.
The first phase includes all improvements to bring the road to a maintainable all-weather
standard (gravelling, widening, cross drainage and protective structures), while the second
phase only includes the blacktopping. This has been done to avoid unnecessarily delaying

17
the improvement of such roads to all-weather gravel standard due to the additional cost of
blacktopping (increasing the cost per person served).

Table 5.2.1 Ranking of improvement works (NPR ‘000)

Total length   Total cost  Population  Cost/person 

Code  (km)  (NPR '000)   served  (NPR) 
67DR002                      7.35                      705           20,376                              35 
67DR003                      8.22                      880           16,458                              53 
67DR008                      8.00                      850           15,107                              56 
67DR001                      4.00                   1,250           14,086                              89 
67DR009                      3.50                      850              9,401                              90 
67DR006                      0.90                      750              6,751                           111 
67DR007                      2.40                   1,250              7,134                           175 
67DR004                    11.70                   2,470           10,708                           231 
67DR005                      5.89                   5,264           14,165                           372 
   

5.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION

For the roads proposed for new construction, ranking is also according to the cost per person
served by the new road. The resulting ranking is indicated in the table below.

Table 5.3.1 Ranking of construction works (NPR ‘000)

Code  Length (km)  Total cost (NPR '000)  Population served Cost/person (NPR)

67DR004                 ‐                               ‐            10,708                        ‐   
67DR005                 ‐                               ‐            14,165                        ‐   
67DR006            0.60                      2,400            6,751                    356 
67DR003            3.20                   12,800          16,458                    778 
67DR002            5.30                   21,200          20,376                 1,040 
67DR013            4.00                   16,000          10,358                 1,545 
67DR011            9.10                   36,400          18,363                 1,982 
67DR014            4.60                   18,400            6,613                 2,782 
67DR010            7.20                   28,800            8,586                 3,354 
67DR012          13.70                   54,800          12,484                 4,390 
67DR001          17.00                   68,000          14,086                 4,827 
67DR015          15.80                   63,200          12,841                 4,922 
67DR009          13.70                   54,800            9,401                 5,829 
67DR007          13.70                   54,800            7,134                 7,682 
67DR008          35.20                 140,800          15,107                 9,320 

18
6. DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN (DTMP)
The District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) that covers the next five years is prepared based
on the projected financial resources available and the prioritized transport interventions as
listed in the DTPP. Year-wise targets are prepared for the different roads and intervention
types.

6.1 FIVE YEAR PROJECTED FINANCIAL RESOURCES

The projected financial resources for the next five years are estimated by considering all
possible funding sources. The funding levels are based on the existing trend of funding. An
annual increase in funding of 10% is assumed for all funding sources. The total district
budget for the road sector is NPR 230.162 million for the five-year period.

Table 6.1.1 Estimated funding levels (roads) for next five years (in NPR ‘000)

Funding source  2070/71 2071/72 2072/73  2073/74  2074/75

DDC Internal Fund  4,000 4,400 4,840  5,324  5,856
Local Agricultural Road Program  5,900 6,490 7,139  7,853  8,638
RCIW  2,000 2,200 2,420  2,662  2,928
DRILIP  14,800 16,280 17,908  19,699  21,669
VDC Fund (40%)  11,000 12,100 13,310  14,641  16,105
   
     
     
Total  37,700 41,470 45,617  50,179  55,197
Grand total  230,162

6.2 BUDGET ALLOCATION

The distribution of the available district road sector budget is indicated in the figure below.
Due to the low number of village roads, 95% of the total budget is reserved for the district
road core network. The remaining 5% is to be used by the DDC for the village roads, giving
priority to emergency maintenance and routine/recurrent maintenance. Alternatively, this 5%
may be used for the new construction of DRCN roads where this is considered a priority by
the district. The 95% of the district road sector budget for the DTMP is allocated firstly to
conservation, secondly improvement, and any remaining funding is allocated to new
construction
Figure 5 District Road sector budget allocation

District Road Sector Budget

95% 5%
District Road Core Network Village roads
DTMP

1. Conservation
of DRCN roads
For village
2. Improvement roads
of DRCN roads

3. New construction
of DRCN roads
ARMP

19
 Based on this distribution of the estimated budget, the available annual budget for each
intervention type and the resulting district road core network length by surface type can be
calculated. The results are shown in the following table.

Table 6.2.1 DTMP investment plan

Item  Year 
Fiscal year  2070/71 2071/72 2072/73
2073/74  2074/75
Total budget  37,700 41,470 45,61750,179  55,197
Non‐DRCN roads  1,885 2,074 2,281 2,509  2,760
DRCN budget   35,815 39,397 43,33647,670  52,437
Core network length (km)  51.96 51.96 51.96 51.96  51.96
Blacktop (km)  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐
Gravel (km)  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐
Earthen (km)  51.96 51.96 51.9651.96  51.96
Conservation (NPR ‘000)  1,559 1,559 1,5591,559  1,559
Emergency  1,559 1,559 1,559 1,559  1,559
Routine     
Recurrent (blacktop)     
Recurrent (gravel)     
Recurrent (earthen)     
Periodic (blacktop)  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐
Periodic (gravel)  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐
Improvement  Cost  BT  GR  34,256    BT GR 37,838  BT GR  41,777 BT GR 46,111  BT  GR  50,878 BT GR
67DR002  705  ‐  ‐  705  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR003  880  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ 880 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR008  850  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ 850 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR001  1,250  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ 1,250 ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR009  850  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ 850 ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR006  750  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 750  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR007  1,250  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1,250  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐
67DR004  2,470  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  2,470 ‐ ‐
67DR005  5,264  ‐  ‐    ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  5,264 ‐ ‐
               
Total improvement  705  ‐  ‐ 1,730 ‐ ‐ 2,100 ‐ ‐ 2,000  ‐  ‐  7,734 ‐ ‐
New Construction    Cost  ER  33,551  ER  36,108  ER  39,677 ER  44,111  ER  43,144 ER 
67DR004  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐
67DR005  ‐  ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐ ‐
67DR006  2,400  0.60  2,400  0.60 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐
67DR003  12,800  3.20  12,800  3.20 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐
67DR002  21,200  5.30  18,351  4.59 2,849 0.71 ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐
67DR013  16,000  4.00    ‐ 16,000 4.00 ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐  ‐
67DR011  36,400  9.10    ‐ 8,400 2.10 28,000 7.00 ‐  ‐  ‐
67DR014  18,400  4.60    ‐ 8,859 2.21 9,500 2.38 ‐  ‐
67DR010  28,800  7.20    ‐ ‐ 2,177 0.54 20,000  5.00  ‐
67DR012  54,800  13.70    ‐ ‐ ‐ 24,111  6.03  ‐
67DR001  68,000  17.00    ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  26,000 6.50
67DR015  63,200  15.80    ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  17,144 4.29
67DR009  54,800  13.70    ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐ ‐
67DR007  54,800  13.70    ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐ ‐
67DR008  140,800  35.20    ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐  ‐ ‐
    143.1     
Total new construction = 49.15 km  33,551  8.39 36,108 9.03 39,677 9.92 44,111  11.03  43,144 10.79

20
6.3 DTMP OUTPUTS
Based on the investment plan presented above, all DRCN roads (51.96km) will be conserved
for the duration of the DTMP period. All of these roads will also receive the cross drainage
and protective structures required to make them maintainable fair-weather roads. Due to low
road density and less traffic volume all the existing earthen roads will not be improved to
grave standard at the end of the DTMP period and will be improved in the next DTMP. The
same goes for the new construction which will only take place after the existing DRCN roads
have been improved to maintainable all weather standards (some of these roads may be
constructed using VDC funding).

Table 6.3.1 DTMP output

Conservation  Improvement gravel  Improvement blacktop  New construction 

              51.96                                     ‐                                           ‐                             49.15  

Of the total DTMP budget, NPR 7.794 million will be spent on conservation; NPR 14.269
million on improvements and NPR 196.591 million. This will use up the entire DTMP budget
for the five-year period.

6.4 DTMP OUTCOME

As a result of the activities planned in this DTMP, the percentage of fair-weather
maintainable DRCN roads at the end of this DTMP will be 101.11 km (51.96km old and
49.15km new), remaining fair weather.

Table 6.4.1 Standard of DRCN roads

Total 
Fair‐weather  All‐weather gravel  All‐weather blacktop 
  length 
km  km  %  km  %  km  % 
Start of DTMP  51.96  51.96  100%  ‐  0%  ‐  0% 
End of DTMP  51.96  51.96  100%  ‐  0%  ‐  0% 
Difference  ‐  ‐  0%  ‐  0%  ‐  0% 

The number of VDC headquarters with access to the SRN is 5 with 26% population.
Similarly, the number of VDC with access to fair-weather DRCN roads will increase from 2 to
18 and the district population with access to the fair-weather DRCN roads will increase from
9% to 73%. The number of VDC headquarters with no access to DRCN roads will remain at
7, while the percentage of the district population with no access to DRCN roads will remain at
22%.

Table 6.4.2 Population with access to road network

Direct access to  Access to fair‐weather  Access to all‐weather 

No access DRCN roads
SRN  DRCN roads  DRCN roads 
Population 

Population 

Population 

Population 
VDCs 

VDCs 

VDCs 

VDCs 
% 

% 

% 

% 

  
Start of DTMP  5  34,526  26%  21  95,351 71%  2  12,651  9%  0  ‐  0% 
End of DTMP  5  34,526  26%  7  29,714 22%  18  97,857  73%  0  ‐  0% 
‐         ‐       
Difference  ‐  ‐  0%  ‐49% 16  85,206  64%  ‐  ‐  0% 
14  65,637

21
 Figure 6 District Transport Master Plan (DTMP)

Surface Type
Code Total length  New 
Black Top Gravel  Earthern
Construction
67DR001 10.5 ‐ ‐ 4.0 6.5
67DR002 12.6 ‐ ‐ 7.3 5.3
67DR003 11.4 ‐ ‐ 8.2 3.2
67DR006 1.6 ‐ ‐ 0.9 0.7
67DR010 5.5 ‐ ‐ ‐ 5.5
67DR011 9.1 ‐ ‐ ‐ 9.1
67DR012 6.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ 6.0
67DR013 4.0 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.0
67DR014 4.6 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.6
67DR015 4.3 ‐ ‐ ‐ 4.3
69.7 20.4 49.3
Outcome road length
Total length Fair‐weather All‐weather gravel All‐weather blacktop
km km % km % km %
Start of DTMP           51.96             51.96 100%          ‐ 0%             ‐ 0%
End of DTMP           51.96             51.96 100%          ‐ 0%             ‐ 0%
Difference               ‐                 ‐ 0%          ‐ 0%             ‐ 0%
 Outcome access
Direct access to SRN No access to road Fair‐weather core roads All‐weather core roads
VDCs Population % VDCs Population % VDCs Population % VDCs Population %
Start of DTMP 5           34,526 26% 21     95,351 71% 2        12,651 9% 0              ‐ 0%
End of DTMP 5           34,526 26% 7     29,714 22% 18        97,857 73% 0              ‐ 0%
Difference               ‐                 ‐ 0% ‐          14 ‐    65,637 ‐49%             16        85,206 64%      ‐              ‐ 0%

22
 ANNEX 1 TRAFFIC DATA
Total  Car‐Jeep‐ 
Code  Motorcycle  Tractor  Truck‐Bus  PCU  VPD 
Length (km)  Minibus 
67DR001  4.00                             ‐                    ‐    
67DR002  7.35  4  2  4                   12                   6  
67DR003  8.22                             ‐                    ‐    
67DR004  11.70  5  2  6                   17                   8  

67DR005  5.89                             ‐                    ‐    

67DR006  0.90                             ‐                    ‐    
67DR007  2.40                             ‐                    ‐    
67DR008  8.00                             ‐                    ‐    
67DR009  3.50                             ‐                    ‐    
0  0.00                             ‐                    ‐    
Total  51.96                   

23
 ANNEX 2 POPULATION SERVED
Road 

67DR001 

67DR002 

67DR003 

67DR004 

67DR005 

67DR006 

67DR007 

67DR008 

67DR009 

67DR010 

67DR011 

67DR012 

67DR013 

67DR014 

67DR015 
SN  VDC/municipality  Population 

SRN 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
1  Atichaur  4,277  X    
2  Baddhu  5,059  X    
3  Wai  3,383  X    
4  Barhabis  8,374  X  X  X 
5  Bichhaiya  2,723    
6  Bramhatola  6,431  X  X 
7  Budhiganga  4,042  X 
8  Chhatara  3,712  X    
9  Dahakot  4,438  X    
10  Dogadi  3,456  X    
11  Gotree  6,030  X    
12  Gudukhati  5,130  X  X    
13  Jagannath  3,587  X    
14  Jayabageswori  2,512  X    
15  Jugada  5,358  X  X    
16  Jukot  3,230  X  X    
17  Kailasjmandau  9,586  X  X    
18  Kanda  3,200  X    
19  Kolti  7,134  X  X  X    
20  Kotila  3,224  X  X    
21  Kuldeumandau  6,872  X  X  X 
22  Manakot  2,688  X    
23  Martadi  8,807  X  X 
24  Pandusain  6,751  X    
25  Rugin  2,914  X    

24
  
 
SN 

26  Sappata 
27  Tolidewal 

Total 
Total population 
VDC/municipality 

Source: Census data 2011

VDCs/municipalities 
27 
5,065 
6,171 

134,154 
Population 

3 
14,086  67DR001 
3 

20,376  67DR002 
2 

16,458  67DR003 
2 

10,708  67DR004 
2 

14,165  67DR005 
1 

6,751  67DR006 
1 

7,134  67DR007 
3 

15,107  67DR008 

25
2 
X 

9,401  67DR009 
2 

8,586  67DR010 
3 
X 

18,363  67DR011 
3 

12,484  67DR012 
Road 

2 

10,358  67DR013 
2 

6,613  67DR014 
3 

12,841  67DR015 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
0 

‐  0 
  
  

5 

      34,526   SRN 
 ANNEX 3 LOCATION OF PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS

End chainage (km) or 

Stone Causeway (m) 

Masonry walls (m3) 
Start chainage (km) 

Rehabilitation (km) 

Pipe culvert (units) 
Blacktopping (km) 

Gabion walls (m3) 
CC Causeway (m) 
Slab culvert (m) 
or X‐coordinate 

Gravelling (km) 

Lined drain (m) 
Widening (m) 
Y‐coordinate 
Length (km) 

Bridge (m) 
Road code  Road Name 

67DR001  Dhap ‐ Khaptad Tourism Road   4.00                             15    80 120   

67DR002  Barahbise‐ Dhanalta‐Delta‐Lamgaun(Aatichaur) Road  7.35                    120          3    270   
67DR003  Maure‐ Kailashmandu‐ Badimalika Road  8.22                    120       10 3    300   
67DR004  Shera ‐ Aatichaur Agriculture Road  11.70                    60       30 7 30 720   
Martadi‐Majhigaun(Jugada)‐Pinalek‐Aatichaur‐Thamlek 
67DR005 
Road  5.89                    130       15 2 320 757.5   
67DR006  Pandusain‐ VDC center Link Road  0.90                                      300   
67DR007  Kolti ‐ Kuru‐ Budinanda Tourism Road  2.40                                      500   
67DR008  Piluchur‐Baddhau‐ Boldhik ‐Kyari ‐Bichhaiya Road  8.00                    80       10       300   
67DR009  Piluchur‐Jukot ‐ Sappata Road  3.50                    150       10       300   
VR                                                 
67VR001  Guligard ‐ Basalikot Village Road  1.18                                           
67VR002  Tapari shera ‐ Brahmatola VDC Road  0.311                                           
                                                  
                                                  
Total     53.45        0  0  0  0  660  0  0  90  15  430  3568  0 

26
Photo 01: Participants in the Orientation workshop in Bajura District

Photo 02: Participants in the Final workshop in Bajura District

Photo03: GPS Tracking of Bajura district

Photo04: GPS Tracking of Bajura district