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    Corcoran John

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    Crew resource management (CRM) and human factors training is important for aeromedical flight and cabin crews to operate safely. Key aspects of CRM include teamwork, communication, situational awareness, and decision making. Automation can reduce situation awareness if pilots rely too heavily on it. Recommended CRM training for aeromedical operations covers topics like human error, hazardous attitudes, and stress management to help crews integrate human factors into their safety culture. The goal of CRM is to prevent accidents by limiting errors and containing those that do occur.

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    Corcoran John

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    SaygınAkgüneş
    81 views44 pages
    Crew resource management (CRM) and human factors training is important for aeromedical flight and cabin crews to operate safely. Key aspects of CRM include teamwork, communication, situational awareness, and decision making. Automation can reduce situation awareness if pilots rely too heavily on it. Recommended CRM training for aeromedical operations covers topics like human error, hazardous attitudes, and stress management to help crews integrate human factors into their safety culture. The goal of CRM is to prevent accidents by limiting errors and containing those that do occur.

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    Crew resource management (CRM) and human factors training is important for aeromedical flight and cabin crews to operate safely. Key aspects of CRM include teamwork, communication, situational awareness, and decision making. Automation can reduce situation awareness if pilots rely too heavily on it. Recommended CRM training for aeromedical operations covers topics like human error, hazardous attitudes, and stress management to help crews integrate human factors into their safety culture. The goal of CRM is to prevent accidents by limiting errors and containing those that do occur.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views44 pages

    Corcoran John

    Uploaded by

    SaygınAkgüneş
    Crew resource management (CRM) and human factors training is important for aeromedical flight and cabin crews to operate safely. Key aspects of CRM include teamwork, communication, situational awareness, and decision making. Automation can reduce situation awareness if pilots rely too heavily on it. Recommended CRM training for aeromedical operations covers topics like human error, hazardous attitudes, and stress management to help crews integrate human factors into their safety culture. The goal of CRM is to prevent accidents by limiting errors and containing those that do occur.

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    CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

    (CRM)
    HUMAN FACTORS

    FIXED WING AERO MEDICAL


    ENVIRONMENT
    INTRODUCTION - John Corcoran
    • Airline Transport Pilot Licence
    • 14,000 flight hours
    • 2,500 hours - corporate jet
    • 5,000 hours aero medical
    operations

    • European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)


    accredited CRM Instructor – Human Factors -
    Facilitator
    Crew Resource Management (CRM)
    Definition
    Consists of all the knowledge, skills
    and roles used to most effectively
    direct, control and co-ordinate all
    available resources towards and
    safe and efficient operation
    Human Factors - Definition
    Human factors is all about recognising and
    accepting the limits of human
    performance. We all have certain
    capabilities and limitations. Human
    factors must be considered and factored
    when designing and or operating any
    complex system – i.e. aeroplanes
    Aero Medical CRM – how important?
    Aero Medical CRM - how important?
    Asiana Airlines
    Flight 214 – Boeing 777
    San Francisco International Airport
    06 July 2013
    United Parcel Service - UPS
    Flight 1354 - Airbus A300F4
    Birmingham Airport – Alabama - USA
    14 August 2013
    History
    • CRM first introduced in the mid 1970’s
    • The British CAA mandated CRM training in
    1993
    • The USA FAA mandated CRM training in 1996
    • The FAA mandated (Air Taxi) CRM Training on
    23 March 2013
    History - Australia
    • Australian Airlines introduced Aircrew Team
    Management (ATM) for pilots only in 1985

    • Ansett Australia introduced CRM training


    (including Cabin Crew) in 1996

    • The Australian CASA mandate CRM for Regular


    Public Transport operations
    CRM for Cabin Crew
    • Early CRM training focused on ‘pilot
    error’ only!
    • Several major airline accidents during the
    80’s and 90’ highlighted the need to
    involve cabin crew in CRM training
    British Midlands B737 – near Kegworth, UK
    - 8 January 1989
    Overview
    • Flight crew mistakenly shut down the
    right engine after a fan blade failure in
    the left engine!
    • Captains P.A. reported trouble with the
    right engine!
    Captains P.A.
    “Ladies and gentlemen, we have had some
    problems with the right hand engine and
    are shutting it down. We will be landing
    at East Midlands in approximately 10
    minutes”
    Communication
    • Cabin crew had an opportunity to pass on
    information to the flight crew that fire and
    smoke was coming out of the left engine!

    • Cabin crew did not come forward to report


    that it was the left engine, not the right, which
    was emitting sparks and smoke!
    Human Error – Red Flags
    • Decision making
    • Authority gradient
    • Teamwork and synergy
    • Appropriate assertion
    • Communication
    • Situational awareness
    Human Error – Aero Medical
    Error-free operations involving humans do
    not exist!
    • Error Prevention measures are designed to limit
    error occurrence
    • Error Containment measures are designed to
    limit the adverse consequences of those errors
    that still occur
    Error Prevention
    Model of an Aircraft Accident
    CRM - Aero Medical
    Error Prevention Measures
    • Targeted Personnel Selection
    • Training and Revalidation
    • Line Checking
    • Incident Reporting Systems
    • Standard Operating Procedures
    • Rules and Regulations
    Training and Revalidation
    Line Checking
    Incident Reporting Systems
    Standard Operating Procedures
    Rules and Regulations
    Further Recommendations
    Sterile Flight Deck Procedures
    Interruptions for Security, Safety, SOP reasons only!
    • Door closed
    • Cycle Seat Belt Sign – (10,000 feet)

    • Prepare Cabin PA – (10,000 feet)


    • Seat Belt Sign Off after landing
    Further Recommendations
    No Contact Period
    • Beginning of the take-off roll to ‘gear up’
    • Landing gear down to stopped on the runway
    or taxying clear of the runway
    Further Recommendations
    Aero Medical Crew Member
    SILENT REVIEW - OLDABC
    • Operation of Exits
    • Location of Equipment
    • Drills
    • Able Bodied Passengers
    • Brace Posture
    • Commands
    Further Recommendations
    CRM - Aero Medical
    Human Error Prevention Measures
    • CRM – Human Factors - joint training sessions for
    Aero Medical flight and cabin crew members
    • Subject material to capture the requirements of
    (European) Joint Aviation Requirements – JAR-
    OPS – CRM syllabus
    • Syllabus tailored to Operator specific Aero
    Medical Operations
    Automation and CRM
    Automation - Definition
    “The act or process of converting the
    controlling of a machine to a more
    automatic system, such as computer
    or electronic controls”
    Frequent problems with Automation
    • In the late 1990’s the FAA conducted a study
    evaluating flight crew – flight deck interfaces
    • The study looked beyond Human Error as to
    the cause of accidents/incidents and
    evaluated the automation side of aircraft
    Problems
    • Lack on monitoring
    • Incorrect programming
    • Distraction during
    programming
    • Mismanagement
    / confusion
    Problems
    • Automation may demand attention
    • Automation behaviour may be
    unexpected and/or unexplained
    • Crew members become overconfident in
    handling automation
    • Failure assessment may
    be difficult
    “Big Ticket” – Problem!
    SITUATION AWARENESS
    MAY BE REDUCED
    • Reliance on automation may reduce
    pilots' awareness of the present and
    projected state of the aircraft and its
    environment, possibly resulting in
    incorrect decisions and actions
    LOSS OF SITUATION AWARENESS
    CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN – CFIT
    • King Air B200C Aeromedical – Mount Gambier,
    South Australia, 10 December 2001
    • King Air B200C Aeromedical – Coffs Harbour,
    New South Wales, 15 May 2003
    CRM – Human Factors – Aero Medical
    Recommended Subject Material
    • Human error
    • Teamwork and synergy
    • Authority gradient
    • Situational awareness
    • Red flags
    • Appropriate assertion
    CRM – Human Factors – Aero Medical
    Recommended Subject Material
    • Hazardous attitudes
    • Stress/fatigue awareness
    • Communication
    • Decision making
    • Priorities of flight
    CRM – Human Factors – Aero Medical

    At the end of the day CRM is all about


    staying safe. The ultimate aim of CRM is
    to allow human factors to be integrated
    into your safety culture as a professional
    Aero Medical Crew Member

    You simply cannot afford to be the cause of a


    serious aircraft accident !
    QUESTIONS?
    Useful CRM Information

    CAPTAIN MARTIN BOMILEY


    JUST A ROUTINE OPERATION
    CRM – HUMAN FACTORS
    THANK YOU?

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