Solid - Liquid Extraction
Solid - Liquid Extraction
Solid - Liquid Extraction
Solid-Liquid Extraction
2-Separation step:-
This is a momentum transfer step that can be carried
out by (settling or filtration).
Calculations:-
The design problem of calculating number of
theoretical stages require simultaneous solution of
material balance and equilibrium relations.
We have three component system:-
1- solute (A)
2- Inert solid(B)
3- Solvent (S)
Representing the three component system on right
angle triangle:-
Addition of two streams:-
P+Q=R
P x AP + Q x AQ = R x AR
P x BP + Q x BQ = R x BR
P x SP + Q x SQ = R x SR
By using lever arm principle,
the length and amounts
are calculated as follows:-
PR Q a
= =
RQ P b
Subtraction of two streams:-
N-M=K
N x AN - M x AM = K x AK
N x BN - M x BM = K x BK
N x SN - M x SM = K x SK
By using lever arm principle,
the length and amounts
are calculated as follows:-
NK M b'
= =
MK N a' + b'
Equilibrium Relations:-
A-Locus of under flow:-
1- The mass of solution retained/unit mass of inert
insoluble solids is obtained experimentally as a function
of solution composition YA. The data is usually available
in tabular form.
(Kg solution / Kg solids ) = (A+S)/B YA = ( A/ A+ S)
0.30 0.1
0.32 0.2
0.35 0.3
0.4 0.4
2- In some cases the solution retained/kg solids is
approximated constant.
i.e independent of
composition.
This means that the
locus of underflow
is a line parallel
to the hypotenuse.
3-Locus is a straight line:-
Locus between two points ( 0, 0.8 ) & ( 0.4, 0 )
4- …… kg solvent retained/ kg solute-free solid:-
S
=r=1
B
S
xS
A+B+S r
B xB
A+B+S
xS
=r
1 - ( x A + xS )
100% S
x S = r - r (x A + x S ) = r - r x A + r x S
(1+ r) x S = r - r x A
r r
xS = - x A ( It's a striaght line equation)
1+ r 1+ r
If x S = 0 x A =1
If x A = 0 x S = 1/2
B- Locus of overflow:-
Also the overflow consists generally of solution only ,i.e
(solid-free or inert-free) its locus is:-
1- The hypotenuse.
2- In some cases the overflow contains 10% solids and
90% solution.
B : A+S
10 : 90
xB = B / ( A + B + S ) = 0.1
3- ………..and the overflow from the first stage contains
10% from the solids in the feed.
Ideal Extraction Stage:-