Case Study-1:

Chocolate had always been considered an affordable little luxury, associated with romance and
celebrations. Therefore in 2000 and 2001, revelations that the production of cocoa in the Côte
d’Ivoire involved child slave labor set chocolate companies, consumers, and governments
reeling. In the United States, the House of Representatives passed legislation mandating that the
FDA create standards to permit companies who could prove that their chocolate was produced
without forced labor to label their chocolate “slave-labor free.” To forestall such labeling, the
chocolate industry agreed to an international protocol that would give chocolate producers,
governments, and local farmers four years to curb abusive practices and put together a process of
certification.

The stories of child slave labor on Côte d’Ivoire cocoa farms hit Cadbury especially hard. While
the company sourced most of its beans from Ghana, the association of chocolate with slavery
represented a challenge for the company, since many consumers in the UK associated all
chocolate with Cadbury. Furthermore, Cadbury’s culture had been deeply rooted in the religious
traditions of the company’s founders, and the organization had paid close attention to the welfare
of its workers and its sourcing practices. In 1908, the company had ended a sourcing relationship
that depended on slave labor. Now for the first time in nearly 100 years, Cadbury had to take up
the question of slavery again.

By the 2005 deadline, the chocolate industry was not ready to implement the protocols and asked
for two years more to prepare. Privately, many industry officials believed that the kind of
certification sought by the protocols was unrealistic. Because cocoa was produced on over a
million small farms in western Africa, insuring that all of these farms, most located deep in the
bush, complied with child labor laws seemed impossible. Furthermore because beans from
numerous small farms were intermingled before shipment, it was difficult to track those
produced by farms in compliance with labor standards and those that were not.

In 2008, a confrontation between U.S. government officials and the industry seemed imminent.
Observers argued that this left Cadbury, a company that had done much to improve its supply
chain, in a difficult position.

Questions:

1. Whether Cadbury should join with the industry to lobby for more time?
2. What else could Cadbury do to ensure its supply chain was ethically managed?
Case Study-2:

In 2010 developer Bruce Becker (SOM ‘85) completed 360 State Street, a major new
construction project in downtown New Haven. The building was a 32-story high-rise with 500
apartments, a parking garage, and a grocery store on the street level.

The building was a remarkable accomplishment. Built during a recession in a neighborhood that
the city's elite avoided, the development became an immediate success. In less than two years,
the apartments were almost fully occupied, the grocery store was attracting 8,500 customers per
week, and other landlords on the block began to open new businesses. For many New Haveners,
the achievement of 360 State Street proved that after years of post-industrial decline, the city was
finally experiencing a renaissance.

Just west of the apartment building on the corner of Chapel and Orange Streets, a 6,000-square-
foot pocket of land from the original parcel remained undeveloped in 2012. Becker was
considering constructing a four story building with the upper floors leased to law offices or other
professional service firms with a still undetermined use for the ground floor.

In the summer of 2013, Becker had a number of alternatives to consider in regards to the site. He
also had no obligation to build. He could bide his time. But Becker also worried about losing out
on rents should he wait too long.

Questions:

1. Under what set of circumstances and at what time would it be most advantageous to
proceed?
2.
Case Study-3:
Lenovo’s Brand Building Strategies: Taking the Competition to Competitors with “Transactional
Model” Neither China nor the Chinese companies can be any more ignored at any international
business discussion. An oftcited reason is Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM’s PC division that has
revved up brand China. After that, Lenovo is busy building its own brand at the global level.
This top PC-maker in China has served its home turf so well with its unique business model,
dubbed the ‘Transactional Model’. It is quite upbeat that the strategy will pay off globally too -
catapulting it to the top spot. However, sceptics have their reasons; mainly that its top-3 rivals -
HP, Dell and Acer - wouldn’t let Lenovo topple them. The case study helps debate if Lenovo’s
‘Transactional Model’ is suitable for other countries also, and if this model helps it combat
global giants operating at a bigger scale. The case also helps discuss loopholes in Lenovo’s
model and how to fill them up.
Case Study-4:
Coca-Cola: Targeting Niche Market through Brand Extension Coca-Cola, one of the world’s
largest soft drink manufacturers became famous for its flagship product Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola
adopted different marketing strategies and built a strong brand among the consumers. But the
company was faced with stagnating sales in the 1980s due to shift in consumer preferences from
carbonated drinks to healthy drinks like juices and green tea. With an aim to attract health
conscious consumers Coca-Cola introduced fortified carbonated drinks terming them as
‘sparking beverages’. To strengthen its efforts to gain competitive advantage in this emerging
segment, Coca-Cola initiated a new marketing campaign for its new product ‘Coke Zero’ and
simultaneously launched ‘Diet Coke Plus’.

Questions:
1. From the above case Whether Coca-Cola would be able to revive its sales through this brand
extension strategy?

2. Can coco-cola may achieve competitive advantage by focusing on health and wellness of
people?

Case Study-5:
Nike Getting into Subsidiary Brands – Will it Work? Nike, one of the leading brands of athletic
footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories is Oregon, US based company. It company’s 50%
of the revenue comes from international sales and it registers it presence in more than 160
countries. Nike owns 400 retail outlets which operate domestically as well as internationally.
Over the past few years Nike’s subsidiaries have been performing well and as a part of the
company’s growth strategy and to maintain its position in the market Nike started concentrating
on its subsidiary business in the year 2006. With the acquisition of the Starter the company also
envisaged to setup itself in the value retail.

Questions:
1. What is the impact of Nike’s subsidiary brand on its core brand?
2. What are the Segmentation, targeting and positioning strategies of core brands and
subsidiary brands?
 Case Study-6:

P&G's brand Management Strategy for Tide in the US P&G is a leading consumer goods
company based in Ohio, US. It owned more than 300 brands including Tide detergent, Crest
toothpaste, Pantene shampoo and conditioner, Pringles potato chips, Pampers diapers and
Vicks cold medications which were available in over 160 countries. It has the largest market
share in laundry detergent products. Its laundry detergent brands included Tide, Cheer, Ariel,
Gain, Era, Bold and Dreft. P&G has been struggling to retain its leadership position in the
laundry detergent segment, especially for Tide detergent. The Tide brand was losing its
appeal due to lack of new products and advertising.

Questions:

1. Describe P&G's attempts to keep the Tide brand alive.

Case Study-7:
Nivea's Brand Extension Strategy in the US Market In 2005, $3.3 billion, NIVEA (Nivea) is the
world largest skin and personal care brand. Owned by Beiersdorf, Nivea has grown from being a
signature product to over 30 products encompassing fourteen product categories which included
a vast expanse of sub-brands such as Body, Visage, Beaute, Sun, For Men, Hair Care and Baby It
had used the 'clear benefit concept' to promote growth in Asia, Latin American and Eastern
European Market. Nivea has succeeded with new products rollouts by maintaining consistency in
its brand messaging, both visually and verbally. Increase in critical consumers, aggressive
competitions and private labels is posing a threat for Nivea and their sales growth has been
stagnant since 2002. To increase its global market share in skin and beauty care, the company
has launched several new initiatives.

Questions:
1. Discuss Nivea's growth strategy over the years and it strategy to maintain its lead in the
changing market place.
2. What is the impact of competition and private label on Nivea.
Case Study-8:
Wal-Mart – Building a New Image Wal-Mart, the second largest company in the world is also
the largest retailer in the world. In the past decade, Wal-Mart has been mired in controversies. It
has come under increased criticism on a variety of fronts, from paying low wages and providing
paltry health benefits to hurting local businesses. Such criticism has escalated since 2004, as two
union-backed groups have run grass-roots campaigns to draw attention to Wal-Mart. Analysts
observe that the negative perceptions have slowed sales, as some shoppers turn away from the
retailer. Lee Scott Jr (Scott), CEO Wal-Mart realises that many of the controversies that have to
do with the environment will end up with people feeling that Wal-Mart has a greater
responsibility than they are accepting He decides that Wal-Mart needs to define its responsibility
broadly, in a way that will bring its vast supply chain— where its environmental impact is the
greatest—into the picture. He aims to turn it into the world's largest environment friendly store.
Apart from improving its image, motivating employees, Wal-Mart can also save money by going
green.

Questions:
1. Discuss senior management's initiatives to turn Wal-Mart into the world's largest
environment friendly store.
2. Briefly describe various environmental and other controversies that have had a negative
impact on the retailers sales.

Case Study-9:
Harley Davidson: Maintaining a Cult Brand In 2005, the $5.34 billion – HarleyDavidson
(Harley) is the leading motorcycle manufacturer in the US with over 50% market share. Hailed
as the classic example of a cult brand, Harley depends on innovative product, premium pricing,
unique retail environment and experiential and relationship marketing to maintain its status as a
cult brand. It enjoys huge brand loyalty. Deeply connected to American culture and values,
Harley has become a symbol of rugged individualism, freedom and rebellion. Harley has
cultivated its image and relationships over a long period of time and effectively wrapped itself
around its customers using multiple marketing techniques. Every touch point – the product itself,
its distribution channels, sales, customer service, design, communications and brand extensions
has been harnessed to enhance the company's brand identity. Harley has historically controlled
the demand – supply gap of its products to create a scarcity value for the brand With the
changing demographic and market scenario, Harley is slowly changing its strategy on all fronts.
In 2005, all the eyes are trained on Harley as it made the transition from operating in the unique,
high growth selling environment that it experienced in the 1990s and early 2000s, to one that is
sustainable on an ongoing basis. In the recent times, the scarcity value has reduced as a result of
its aggressive strategy to match demand and supply. Although the company's efforts to correct
the demand – supply gap are going in the right direction, they are also leading to rising dealer
inventory and reduced value of pre-owned vehicles.

Questions:
1. Discuss Harley's product development strategy, brand merchandising, pricing, its
promotion strategy which promote lifestyle experience.
2. What are the challenges that Harley Davidson faced from competitors, over the years?

Case Study-10:

Intel: In Search of a New Identity The very first major move which Paul S. Otellini took, after
becoming the new CEO of Intel Corporation, was changing the company's 16-year old logo. The
change was not only in the tag line but also in the famous Intel's "dropped-e" corporate logo. The
company was the market leader in its microprocessor segment and the famous tag line, 'Intel
inside', was closely associated with its success. A sudden shift from its year-old and well known
corporate logo to a new one, was quite unlikely Intel. Moreover, the company was planning to
diversify to other businesses, apart from its core PC segment, thus, decided to change from 'Intel
Inside' to 'Leap Ahead'. There were many instances where companies had changed their
corporate logos and also succeeded in maintaining their images in the market.

Questions:
1. Discuss whether Intel has made the right move or not.
2. Discuss the strategies adopted by Harley to maintain its status as a cult brand.

Case Study-11:
Google: From Search Engine to Power Brand In mid 90s, two students from Stanford University
planned to develop an online search engine, Google. The name Google was derived from the
word 'googol' which meant a mathematical term for 1 followed by 100 zeroes. Over the years the
company became globally the largest search engine. Besides restricting itself as the number one
search engine globally, the company was known for its friendly products and continuous
innovation. In 2005, the company emerged as number one brand in the survey conducted by
Interbrand, surpassing brands like Apple, Nokia, Sony and Starbucks.
Questions:
1. Discuss in detail about the evolution of brand Google from an online search engine to
globally the leading brand.
2. Discuss how Google enriched its product portfolio.

Case Study-12:
Marketing the ‘YouTube’ Way YouTube.com was a video sharing Web site where users could
upload, share and watch videos for free. In less than 2 years of its existence, YouTube ranked
amongst the Web's top 50 sites and had 16 million daily viewers. By August 2006, it had the
highest market share in the free video sharing Web site category. YouTube had introduced two
new advertising avenues named 'Brand Channels' and 'Participatory Video Ads' to encash its
huge audience base and soaring popularity. But at the same time, YouTube's success story
seemed to be eclipsed by allegations of copyright violations for the non-permissible content
posted on its Web site. YouTube also faced a challenge to maintain its rapid paced growth and
competition from other emerging me-too kind of startups. In October 2006, Google announced
the acquisition of YouTube for $1.65 billion in stock-for-transaction. Would YouTube be able to
derive benefit from its association with the global reach and technology leadership of Google or
get further entangled in lawsuits after being acquired by a cash-rich technology giant?

Questions:
1. Examine the critical success factors for YouTube as a company.
2. Discuss the marketing strategies of YouTube.