Effect of Wind Speed On Human Thermal Sensation and Thermal Comfort
Effect of Wind Speed On Human Thermal Sensation and Thermal Comfort
Effect of Wind Speed On Human Thermal Sensation and Thermal Comfort
Yuhan Hou
Building Environment and Energy Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071003,
PR China.
D
#TTFRP
$EVWUDFW ,Q WKLV H[SHULPHQW D PHWKRG RI TXHVWLRQQDLUH VXUYH\ ZDV DGRSWHG %\ FKDQJLQJ WKH DLU IORZ UDWH XQGHU WKH
LQGRRU DQG RXWGRRU QDWXUDO FRQGLWLRQV WKH VXEMHFWLYH 7KHUPDO 6HQVDWLRQ 9RWH 769 DQG WKH 7KHUPDO &RPIRUW 9RWH
7&9ZHUHUHFRUGHG7KHGUDIWVHQVDWLRQFDQUHGXFHWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQEXWWKHGUDIWVHQVDWLRQFDQFDXVHGLVFRPIRUW
DQGWKHWKHUPDOFRPIRUWLQDZLQG\HQYLURQPHQWLVORZHUWKDQLQDZLQGOHVVHQYLURQPHQW:KHQWKHWHPSHUDWXUHULVHVRU
WKH OHYHO RI KXPDQ PHWDEROLVP LQFUHDVHV WKH SHUVRQ IHHOV KHDW WKH GHPDQG IRU GUDIW VHQVDWLRQ LQFUHDVHV DQG WKH
XQFRPIRUWDEOHIHHOLQJFDXVHGE\WKHGUDIWVHQVDWLRQPD\EHUHGXFHG,QFUHDVLQJWKHDLUIORZZLWKLQDFHUWDLQUDQJHFDQEH
XVHGWRFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKHLQFUHDVHLQWHPSHUDWXUH
,1752'8&7,21
:LWKWKHDGYDQFHPHQWRIWHFKQRORJ\DQGWKHLPSURYHPHQWRIOLYLQJVWDQGDUGVWKHOLYLQJHQYLURQPHQWLQ&KLQD
KDV JUHDWO\ LPSURYHG 3HRSOH KDYH KLJKHU UHTXLUHPHQWV RQ WKH UHVLGHQWLDO HQYLURQPHQW 7KHQ SHRSOH SD\ PRUH
DWWHQWLRQWRWKHWKHUPDOHQYLURQPHQWLQGLFDWRUVLQFOXGLQJWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUW
0RGHUQVRFLHW\SURSRVHVWKHFRQFHSWRIEXLOGLQJHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\8VLQJWKHPLQLPXPHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQWR
VDWLVI\SHRSOH
VGHPDQGVRQWKHHQYLURQPHQWLVRXUSXUVXLWRISURIHVVLRQDOZRUNHUVLQWKHFRQVWUXFWLRQHQYLURQPHQW
7KHUHIRUHWKHUHVHDUFKRQWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWRIWKHEXLOWHQYLURQPHQWLVQHHGHG
7KHUPDOVHQVDWLRQLVDVXEMHFWLYHGHVFULSWLRQRISHRSOH
VFROGRUKRWLQWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KHSHUVRQZKRLV
FRPIRUWDEOHZLWKWKHKHDWEDODQFHDQGWKHSHUFHLYHGVWDWHRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWZLOOEHUHIHUUHGWRDVWKHUPDOFRPIRUW
:LQGVSHHGLVDQLPSRUWDQWIDFWRUDIIHFWLQJWKHKXPDQERG\
VWKHUPDOFRPIRUW,WZLOOQRWRQO\HQKDQFHWKHKHDW
WUDQVIHU EHWZHHQ WKH KXPDQ ERG\ DQG WKH VXUURXQGLQJ HQYLURQPHQW EXW DOVR LQFUHDVH WKH GUDIW VHQVDWLRQ ,W
FRPELQHV SK\VLFDO DQG SV\FKRORJLFDO IDFWRUV DQG FDQ SURYLGH GLUHFW LQGLFDWRUV IRU WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI FRPIRUW
VWDQGDUGV+HUHZHIRFXVRQWKHLQIOXHQFHRIZLQGVSHHGRQWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUW
385326(2)5(6($5&+
,Q WKLV VXUYH\ , WHVWHG LQGRRU RU DQG RXWGRRU DPELHQW ZLQG VSHHGV DQG WHPSHUDWXUHV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH
TXHVWLRQQDLUHGHVLJQHGWRVWXG\WKHIHOOLQJRISHRSOHLQGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQVDQDO\]HWKHLQIOXHQFHRIZLQGVSHHGRQ
WKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUW
030012-1
5(6($5&+0(7+2'
6XEMHFWV
$ WRWDO RI VXEMHFWV LQFOXGLQJ PDOHV DQG IHPDOHV ZHUH HQUROOHG LQ WKH H[SHULPHQW $OO RI WKHP DUH
XQLYHUVLW\ VWXGHQWV LQ 1RUWK &KLQD (OHFWULF 3RZHU 8QLYHUVLW\ DQG LQ JRRG KHDOWK 6XEMHFWV ZHDU QRUPDO ZLQWHU
FORWKLQJ
([SHULPHQWDO'HVLJQ
7KHH[SHULPHQWZDVGLYLGHGLQWRIRXUJURXSVZLQGOHVVLQGRRUZLQG\LQGRRUZLQGOHVVRXWGRRUZLQG\RXWGRRU
(DFK JURXS RI VXEMHFWV WHVWHG DFWLYH VWDWHV VLWWLQJ VWDQGLQJ PLOG H[HUFLVH VXFK DV VKRSSLQJ ODERUDWRU\ ZRUN
OLJKWSK\VLFDODFWLYLW\HWF$VVKRZQLQ7DEOH
7$%/(([SHULPHQWDOJURXS
7\SH ,QGRRU 2XWGRRU
:LQGOHVV 6LWWLQJ 6WDQGLQJ 0LOG([HUFLVH 6LWWLQJ 6WDQGLQJ 0LOG([HUFLVH
:LQG\ 6LWWLQJ 6WDQGLQJ 0LOG([HUFLVH 6LWWLQJ 6WDQGLQJ 0LOG([HUFLVH
)RUWKHVWDQGLQJJURXSWKHPHWDEROLFUDWHRIWKHVXEMHFWLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\PHW)RUWKHVWDQGLQJJURXSWKH
PHWDEROLFUDWHLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\PHW:KHQVXEMHFWVWDFNDPLOGH[HUFLVHWKHPHWDEROLFUDWHLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\
PHW7KHKLJKHULQWHQVLW\RIKXPDQDFWLYLWLHVWKHKLJKHUPHWDEROLFUDWHDQGERG\WHPSHUDWXUH
7KHZLQGHQYLURQPHQWZDVFRQVWUXFWHGE\DVPDOOWDEOHIDQ%\SODFLQJWKHVPDOOWDEOHIDQDWDERXWPIURP
7KHVXEMHFWVZHUHHYHQO\DIIHFWHGE\WKHZLQGHVSHFLDOO\WKHKHDGDQGQHFNZLWKRXWORFDOZLQG
6XEMHFWVZHUHDIIHFWHGE\WKHZLQG7KHZLQGVSHHGZDVFRQWUROOHGDWPVDQGWKHZLQGVSHHGZDVOHVVWKDQ
PVLQWKHZLQGOHVVHQYLURQPHQWZKLFKZDVDOPRVWXQGHWHFWDEOH
7KHZLQGVSHHGDQGWHPSHUDWXUHYDOXHVZLOOEHPHDVXUHGE\WKHPXOWLIXQFWLRQYHQWLODWLRQSDUDPHWHUWDEOH
4XHVWLRQQDLUH
+RZWRPHDVXUHWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWFDXVHGE\WKHHQYLURQPHQWLVDQDFFXUDWHH[SUHVVLRQ
RIKXPDQVXEMHFWLYHIHHOLQJV7KLVLVDQLPSRUWDQWLVVXHLQWKHVWXG\RIWKHUPDOHQYLURQPHQW,QRUGHUWRTXDQWLI\WKH
VXEMHFWLYHIHHOLQJVZHXVHGWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQWKHUPDOFRPIRUWYRWLQJPHWKRGWRDVVRFLDWHYDULRXVSDUDPHWHUV
GHVFULELQJWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOWKHUPDOFRQGLWLRQVZLWKWKHKXPDQERG\
VWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQTXDQWLWDWLYHO\
$VWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHSV\FKRORJLFDOUHVHDUFKVKRZWKDWPRVWSHRSOHFDQ¶WFRQIXVHUHJLRQDOVHQVDWLRQE\QRPRUH
WKDQVHYHQOHYHOVWKHHYDOXDWLRQLQGH[RIWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQRIWHQDGRSWVVHYHQOHYHOV
7KH 7KHUPDO 6HQVDWLRQ 9RWH 769 TXHVWLRQQDLUH XVHV WKH $6+5$( VHYHQSRLQW VFDOH TXHVWLRQQDLUH ZLWK D
UDWLQJ UDQJH RI WR 7KDW LV WKH WKHUPDO VHQVDWLRQ LV GLYLGHG LQWR KHDW ZDUP VOLJKWO\ ZDUP
QRUPDOVOLJKWO\FRROFRRODQGFROG
6LQFHWKHUHLVDVHSDUDWLRQSKHQRPHQRQEHWZHHQWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUW7KH7KHUPDO&RPIRUW
9RWH7&9IRUHYDOXDWLQJWKHUPDOFRPIRUWLVDOVRVHWZKHQH[SHULPHQWDOO\VWXG\LQJKXPDQWKHUPDOUHDFWLRQV
7KH7&9TXHVWLRQQDLUHXVHVDILYHSRLQWVFDOHUDQJLQJIURPWR7KDWLVWKHWKHUPDOFRPIRUWLVGLYLGHGLQWR
LQWROHUDEOHYHU\XQFRPIRUWDEOHXQFRPIRUWDEOHVOLJKWO\XQFRPIRUWDEOHDQGFRPIRUWDEOH
7KHTXHVWLRQQDLUHXVHGLQWKHVXUYH\LQFOXGHGWKHVXEMHFW¶VSHUVRQDOEDFNJURXQGWKHGDWHDQGWLPHRIWKHVXUYH\
DFWLYLW\VWDWXV769DQG7&9DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
030012-2
),*85(4XHVWLRQQDLUH
([SHULPHQWDO3URFHVV
%HIRUHWKHVWDUWRIWKHH[SHULPHQWDPXOWLIXQFWLRQYHQWLODWLRQSDUDPHWHUWDEOHZDVXVHGWRGHWHUPLQHWKHLQGRRU
DQGRXWGRRUWHPSHUDWXUHDQGZLQGVSHHG
:KHQ WKH H[SHULPHQW ZDV FDUULHG RXW WKH WHVW ZDV FRQGXFWHG XQGHU D ZLQGOHVV HQYLURQPHQW LQ WKH URRP 7KH
VXEMHFWVZHUHLQWKHVLWWLQJVWDQGLQJDQGPLOGH[HUFLVHH[SHULPHQWV
$IWHU WKH ZLQGOHVV H[SHULPHQW LQ WKH URRP ZDV FRPSOHWHG D ZLQG H[SHULPHQW RXWGRRU ZDV FRQGXFWHG 7KH
VSHFLILFRSHUDWLRQLVIROORZLQJ3XWDVPDOOGHVNIDQDZD\IURPWKHVXEMHFWVDERXWPRSHQWKHGHVNIDQDGMXVWWKH
JHDU VR WKDW WKH VXEMHFWV LVDIIHFWHG E\ WKH ZLQG DERXW PV DIWHU WKH VHWWLQJ LV FRPSOHWH WKH H[SHULPHQW ZDV
SHUIRUPHGZLWKWKHVXEMHFWVLWWLQJVWDQGLQJDQGPLOGH[HUFLVH
$IWHUWKHZLQGH[SHULPHQWLQWKHURRPZDVFRPSOHWHGWKHVDPHH[SHULPHQWZDVSHUIRUPHGRQWKHRXWVLGH
(DFKH[SHULPHQWODVWHGIRUPLQXWHVDQGZDVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSHULRGVWKHDGDSWDWLRQSHULRGPLQXWHVDQG
WKHH[SHULPHQWDOSHULRGPLQXWHV'XULQJWKHDGDSWDWLRQSHULRGWKHVXEMHFWVZHUHEDVLFDOO\LQDUHOD[HGVWDWHWR
HOLPLQDWHWKHHIIHFWRISK\VLFDOVWDWHEHIRUHWKHH[SHULPHQWRQWKHUPDOFRPIRUWDQGDGDSWWRWKHQHZHQYLURQPHQW
'XULQJ WKH H[SHULPHQWDO SHULRG WKH VXEMHFW HQWHUHG D SUHGHWHUPLQHG DFWLYLW\ VWDWH DQG LQ WKH ODWWHU KDOI RI WKH
VHVVLRQKHSHUIRUPHGWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWYRWLQJ
(;3(5,0(17$/5(68/7
([SHULPHQWDO3DUDPHWHUV
7KHHQYLURQPHQWDOSDUDPHWHUVRIWKHH[SHULPHQWZHUHPHDVXUHGE\DPXOWLIXQFWLRQYHQWLODWLRQSDUDPHWHUWDEOH
7KHLQGRRUWHPSHUDWXUHZDV&7KHLQGRRUZLQGVSHHGZDVPVZKHQWKHVPDOOWDEOHIDQLVFORVHGDQGWKH
ZLQG VSHHG LV PV ZKHQ WKH VPDOO WDEOH IDQ LV ZRUNLQJ 7KH RXWGRRU WHPSHUDWXUH LV & 7KH RXWGRRU ZLQG
VSHHGZDVPVZKHQ WKHVPDOO WDEOH IDQ LVFORVHG DQG WKHZLQG VSHHG LVPV ZKHQWKHVPDOO WDEOH IDQ LV
ZRUNLQJ
030012-3
769DQG7&9
$IWHUDWRWDORITXHVWLRQQDLUHVZHUHFROOHFWHGIURPVWDWLVWLFDOVXUYH\VDQGXQUHDVRQDEOHGDWDZHUHUHPRYHG
ZHREWDLQHGWKH769DQG7&9YRWHVXQGHUGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQVDVVKRZQLQ7DEOHDQG7DEOH
7$%/(769XQGHUGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQ
7\SH ,QGRRU:LQGOHVV ,QGRRU:LQG\ 2XWGRRU:LQGOHVV 2XWGRRU:LQG\
6LWWLQJ
6WDQGLQJ
0LOG([HUFLVH
7$%/(7&9XQGHUGLIIHUHQWFRQGLWLRQ
7\SH ,QGRRU:LQGOHVV ,QGRRU:LQG\ 2XWGRRU:LQGOHVV 2XWGRRU:LQG\
6LWWLQJ
6WDQGLQJ
0LOG([HUFLVH
(;3(5,0(17$/5(68/76$1'$1$/<6,6
7KHVXUYH\ZDVFRQGXFWHGLQWKHFROGZLQWHULQWKHQRUWKDQGWKHRYHUDOOIHHOLQJZDVFRRODQGXQFRPIRUWDEOH
:KHQWKHUHLVQRZLQGWKHUHLVDELJGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWRILQGRRUDQG
RXWGRRU)RUWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQLQJHQHUDOWKHRXWGRRUHQYLURQPHQWPDGHWKHVXEMHFWVIHHOFROGHU+RZHYHUDV
WKH VXEMHFW
V DFWLYLW\ ZDV PRUH LQWHQVH WKH PHWDEROLF OHYHO ZDV KLJKHU WKH FROG IHHOLQJ VORZHG GRZQ DQG WKH
VXEMHFWVLQGRRUIHOWVOLJKWO\ZDUPHUZKHQWKH\ZHUHPLOGH[HUFLVH)RUWKHWKHUPDOFRPIRUWDEOHRXWGRRUe&LV
PRUHFRPIRUWDEOHWKDQLQGRRU&+RZHYHUZLWKWKHLQWHQVHDFWLYLW\RIWKHVXEMHFWVWKHLQFUHDVHLQPHWDEROLF
OHYHOV UHVXOWLQJ LQ D ULVH LQ ERG\ WHPSHUDWXUH WKH IHHOLQJ RI XQFRPIRUWDEOH RXWGRRU VXEMHFWV LPSURYHG DQG WKH
RULJLQDOZDUPLQGRRUPDGHWKHVXEMHFWVIHHOVOLJKWO\XQFRPIRUWDEOH
:KHQWKHUHLVZLQGWKHWKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWRILQGRRUDQGRXWGRRUDUHVWLOOTXLWHGLIIHUHQWDQG
WKHJHQHUDOWUHQGLVDOPRVWWKHVDPHDVZKHQWKHUHLVQRZLQG
7KHVXEMHFWV
WKHUPDOVHQVDWLRQDQGWKHUPDOFRPIRUWZHUHFRPSDUHGEHWZHHQZLQG\DQGZLQGOHVV,WIHHOVFROGHU
ZKHQ WKH ZLQG LV SUHVHQW WKDQ ZKHQ WKHUH LV ZLQGOHVV )RU WKH WKHUPDO FRPIRUWDEOH WKH VXEMHFWV IHHO PRUH
XQFRPIRUWDEOHZKHQWKHUHLVZLQG+RZHYHUDVWKHGHJUHHRIDFWLYLW\RIWKHVXEMHFWVLQFUHDVHGWKHJDSJUDGXDOO\
QDUURZHG,WFDQEHFRQVLGHUHGWKDWFHUWDLQZLQGVSHHGVFDQRIIVHWWKHHIIHFWVRIDFHUWDLQDPRXQWRIHOHYDWHGERG\
WHPSHUDWXUH
&21&/86,21$1'68**(67,21
7KH GUDIW VHQVDWLRQ FDQ UHGXFH WKH WKHUPDO VHQVDWLRQ EXW WKH GUDIW VHQVDWLRQ FDQ FDXVH GLVFRPIRUW )URP WKH
DYHUDJH YDOXH WKH WKHUPDO FRPIRUW LQ WKH ZLQG\ HQYLURQPHQW LVORZHU WKDQ LQ D ZLQGOHVV HQYLURQPHQW :KHQ WKH
WHPSHUDWXUHULVHVRUWKHOHYHORIKXPDQPHWDEROLVPLQFUHDVHVWKHSHUVRQIHHOVKHDWWKHGHPDQGIRUGUDIWVHQVDWLRQ
LQFUHDVHVDQGWKHXQFRPIRUWDEOHQHVVRIWKHGUDIWVHQVDWLRQGHFUHDVHV,QFUHDVLQJWKHDLUIORZZLWKLQDFHUWDLQUDQJH
FDQEHXVHGWRFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKHLQFUHDVHLQWHPSHUDWXUH
7KH LQFUHDVH LQ ZLQG VSHHG FDQ RIIVHW WKH LPSDFW RI HOHYDWHG DPELHQW WHPSHUDWXUHV ZKLFK LV DOVR RI JUHDW
VLJQLILFDQFHIRUWKHUHJXODWLRQRIDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJV\VWHPVLQVXPPHU,QWKHDFWXDOOLYLQJHQYLURQPHQWLWFDQDVVLVW
LQ WKH UHJXODWLRQ RI DLU IORZ DQG SHUVRQDOL]HG DLU VXSSO\ WR LQFUHDVH WKH EDFNJURXQG WHPSHUDWXUH DQG PDNH WKH
EXLOGLQJ
VWKHUPDOHQYLURQPHQWZLWKLQDQDFFHSWDEOHUDQJH,WFDQHIIHFWLYHO\UHGXFHEXLOGLQJHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ
DQGDFKLHYHHQHUJ\FRQVHUYDWLRQ
5()(5(1&(6
)DQJ ;LXPX 7HVWLQJ 7HFKQRORJ\ IRU %XLOGLQJ (QYLURQPHQW >0@ %HLMLQJ &KLQD $UFKLWHFWXUH %XLOGLQJ
3UHVV
030012-4
=KX<LQ[LQ%XLOW(QYLURQPHQW>0@%HLMLQJ&KLQD$UFKLWHFWXUH %XLOGLQJ3UHVV
:DQJ -LDROLQ DQG &KHQ /X (IIHFW RI LQGRRU ZLQG VSHHG RQ KXPDQ WKHUPDO FRPIRUW LQ ZLQWHU >-@ &KLQD
V
5HVLGHQWLDO)DFLOLWLHV
&XL :HLOLQ (IIHFWV RI 'LIIHUHQW $PELHQW 7HPSHUDWXUH DQG :LQG 6SHHG RQ +XPDQ &RPIRUW DQG :RUN
(IILFLHQF\XQGHUWKH6DPH7KHUPDO6HQVLQJ&RQGLWLRQV>-@+HDWLQJ9HQWLODWLRQDQG$LU&RQGLWLRQLQJ
030012-5