Mathes Formula
Mathes Formula
Mathes Formula
Algebra
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2; a2 + b2 = (a+b)2 -2ab
2. (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2; a2 + b2 = (a-b)2 + 2ab
3. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
4. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b); a3 + b3 = (a+b)3 -3ab(a + b)
5. (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b); a3 - b3 = (a-b)3 + 3ab(a - b)
6. a2 - b2 = (a+b)(a - b)
7. a3 - b3 = (a-b)(a2 + ab + b2)
8. a3 + b3 = (a+b)(a2 - ab + b2)
9. an - bn = (a-b)(an-1 + an-2b + an-3b2 + # # # +bn-1)
10. an = a:a:a : : : n times
11. am:an = am+n
12. am
an = am-n if m >n
= 1 if m= n
=
1
an-m if m< n;a 2 R; a 6= 0
13. (am)n = amn = (an)m
14. (ab)n = an:bn
15.
#a
b
#n
= an
bn
16. a0 = 1 where a 2 R; a 6= 0
17. a-n =
1
an ; an =
1
a-n
18. ap=q = q
p
ap
19. If am = an and a 6= #1; a 6= 0 then m=n
20. If an = bn where n 6= 0, then a = #b
21. If
p
x;
p
y are quadratic surds and if a +
p
x =
p
y, then a = 0 and x = y
22. If
p
x;
p
y are quadratic surds and if a+
p
x = b+
p
y then a = b and x = y
23. If a;m; n are positive real numbers and a 6= 1, then loga mn = logam+loga n
24. If a;m; n are positive real numbers, a 6= 1, then loga
#m
n
#
= logam-loga n
25. If a and m are positive real numbers, a 6= 1 then logamn = nlogam
26. If a; b and k are positive real numbers, b 6= 1; k 6= 1, then logb a =
logk a
logk b
27. logb a =
1
loga b
where a; b are positive real numbers, a 6= 1; b 6= 1
28. if a;m; n are positive real numbers, a 6= 1 and if logam = logan, then
m=n
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2
29. if a + ib = 0 where i =
p
-1, then a = b = 0
30. if a + ib = x + iy, wherei=
p
-1, then a = x and b = y
31. The roots of the quadratic equation ax2+bx+c = 0; a 6= 0 are
-b #
p
b2 - 4ac
2a
The solution set of the equation is
(
-b +
p
#
2a
;
-b -
p
#
2a
)
where # = discriminant = b2 - 4ac
32. The roots are real and distinct if # > 0.
33. The roots are real and coincident if # = 0.
34. The roots are non-real if # < 0.
35. If # and
are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0; a 6= 0 then
i) # +
=
-b
a
= - coe#. of x
coe#. of x2
ii) # #
= c
a
=
constant term
coe#. of x2
36. The quadratic equation whose roots are # and
is (x - #)(x -
) = 0
i.e. x2 - (# +
)x + #
= 0
i.e. x2 - Sx + P = 0 where S =Sum of the roots and P =Product of the
roots.
37. For an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose
rst term is (a) and the common
di#erence is (d).
i) nth term= tn = a + (n-1)d
ii) The sum of the
rst (n) terms = Sn = n
2
(a+l) = n
2
f2a + (n-1)dg
where l =last term= a + (n-1)d.
38. For a geometric progression (G.P.) whose
rst term is (a) and common ratio
is (),
i) nth term= tn = an-1.
ii) The sum of the
rst (n) terms:
Sn = a(1 - n)
1 -
if < 1
= a(n -1)
- 1
if > 1
= na if = 1
:
39. For any sequence ftng; Sn - Sn-1 = tn where Sn =Sum of the
rst (n)
terms.
40.
Pn
=1
= 1+2+3+ # # #+n = n
2
(n + 1).
41.
Pn
=1
2 = 12 + 22 + 32 +# # #+n2 = n
6
(n + 1)(2n + 1).
3
42.
Pn
=1
3 = 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 +# # #+n3 = n2
4
(n + 1)2.
43. n! = (1):(2):(3): : : : :(n-1):n.
44. n! = n(n-1)! = n(n - 1)(n - 2)! = : : : : .
45. 0! = 1.
46. (a +b)n = an + nan-1b+ n(n - 1)
2! an-2b2 + n(n - 1)(n - 2)
3! an-3b3 + # # #+
bn; n > 1.ava technology is both a programming language and a platform. The Java
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