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    System Concept in Hydrology

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    ska51
    A system is defined as a collection of interacting parts that function together as a whole to transform inputs into outputs. It can be physical or abstract. A system accepts inputs, operates on them internally through various processes, and produces outputs. A hydrologic system specifically accepts water and other inputs, operates on them through physical, chemical and biological processes, and produces outputs. It is represented by a boundary that encloses a structure or volume in space. The transformation of inputs to outputs in a system can be represented by transfer functions or equations that relate the system's inputs and outputs.

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    System Concept in Hydrology

    Uploaded by

    ska51
    208 views2 pages
    A system is defined as a collection of interacting parts that function together as a whole to transform inputs into outputs. It can be physical or abstract. A system accepts inputs, operates on them internally through various processes, and produces outputs. A hydrologic system specifically accepts water and other inputs, operates on them through physical, chemical and biological processes, and produces outputs. It is represented by a boundary that encloses a structure or volume in space. The transformation of inputs to outputs in a system can be represented by transfer functions or equations that relate the system's inputs and outputs.

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    Details of system concept in hydrology and hydrological application

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    A system is defined as a collection of interacting parts that function together as a whole to transform inputs into outputs. It can be physical or abstract. A system accepts inputs, operates on them internally through various processes, and produces outputs. A hydrologic system specifically accepts water and other inputs, operates on them through physical, chemical and biological processes, and produces outputs. It is represented by a boundary that encloses a structure or volume in space. The transformation of inputs to outputs in a system can be represented by transfer functions or equations that relate the system's inputs and outputs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    208 views2 pages

    System Concept in Hydrology

    Uploaded by

    ska51
    A system is defined as a collection of interacting parts that function together as a whole to transform inputs into outputs. It can be physical or abstract. A system accepts inputs, operates on them internally through various processes, and produces outputs. A hydrologic system specifically accepts water and other inputs, operates on them through physical, chemical and biological processes, and produces outputs. It is represented by a boundary that encloses a structure or volume in space. The transformation of inputs to outputs in a system can be represented by transfer functions or equations that relate the system's inputs and outputs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    What is a System?

    Definition of a System

     A system is a collection of parts which A system may be defined as


    Any structure, device, scheme or procedure
    interact with each other to function as a
    Real or Abstract,
    whole That interrelates in a given time reference,
    – Example: cooling system in a car: radiator, fan, An input, cause, or stimulus,
    water pump, thermostat, hoses and clamps Of matter, energy, or information
     A set of objects, which interact in a regular, And
    interdependent manner An output, effect, or response
    Of information, energy, or matter
     There are several definitions available in - Dooge (1973)
    literature for system
    A system is a set of connected parts that form a whole
    -Ven Te Chow (1988)

    Sub-system
    Hydrologic System

    A hydrologic system is defined as a structure or volume in space,


    surrounded by a boundary, that accepts water and other inputs,
    operates on them internally, and produces them as outputs
    The boundary is a continuous surface defined in three dimensions
    Sub-system enclosing the volume or structure. A working medium enters the
    system as input, interacts with the structure and other media, and
    leaves as output.

    Physical, chemical, and biological processes operate on the working


    media within the system. The most common working media involved
    in hydrologic analysis are water, air and heat energy.
    Sub-system

    Hydrologic Cycle as a System

    1
    Watershed as a Hydrologic System Schematic Representation of a System

    Parameters, β

    System
    Inputs, I f(randomness, space, time)
    Outputs, Q

    Policies, α Transformation function


    Q(t) = Ω[α
    α(t), β (t)]*I(t)

    Transformation function can simply be written as


    Q(t) = ΩI(t) where, Ω is transfer function

    Schematic Representation of a System Operation

    Schematic Representation of a System Schematic Representation of a System

    Transformation function can simply be written as For example, a linear reservoir has its storage ‘S’ related to its outflow ‘Q’ by
    Q(t) = ΩI(t) where, Ω (ohm) is transfer function S = kQ, where k is a constant having the dimensions of time.
    This is called transfer equation of the system
    From the hydrologic equation, we know the time rate of change of storage
    If this relationship can be expressed by an algebraic equation, then Ω is dS/dt is equal to the difference between the input and the output
    an algebraic operator. dS/dt = I(t)-Q(t)

    Equating S between the two equations and rearranging,


    For example, if Q(t) = CI(t), where C is a constant, then Transformation
    kdQ/dt + Q(t) = I(t)
    function is the operator Ω = Q(t)/I(t) = C
    Ω = Q(t)/I(t) = 1/(1+kD)-------(A), where D is differential operator = d/dt
    Again, if the transformation is described by a differential equation, then
    If the transformation equation has been determined and can be solved, it
    the transfer function serves as a differential operator.
    yields the output as a function of the input. Equation (A) describes a linear
    system, if k is a constant. If k is a function of the input I or the output Q, then,
    the equation (A) describes a nonlinear system, which is much more difficult
    to solve

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