Kimble V Marvel Entertainment

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Kimble v Marvel Entertainment

FACTS:

In 1990, Stephen Kimble obtained a patent for a Spider-Man toy that was set to expire in May 2010.
Kimble claimed that he discussed the idea with the president of Marvel Enterprises Inc., and that he
would be compensated for use of his ideas. Although no agreement was reached, Marvel produced a toy
that was similar to Kimble's design. In 1997, Kimble sued for patent infringement, and the parties settled
in 2001, with Marvel agreeing to purchase the patent and pay royalties to the petitioner without an
expiration date. The case was subsequently dismissed. In 2006, Marvel entered a licensing agreement
with Hasbro Inc. that gave it the right to produce the toy. Disagreements arose between Kimble and
Marvel concerning the royalty payments, and Kimble claimed that the original patent would be infringed
if royalties were not paid. Kimble sued Marvel in Arizona state court, and the case was then removed to
the federal district court.

The magistrate judge determined that settlement agreement was a "hybrid" agreement, in which patent
and non-patent rights were inseparable, and that the Supreme Court decision in Brulotte v. Thys
Co. applied. In that case, the Court ruled that, when patents are sold in return for a royalty payment, the
purchaser was not obligated to continue these payments beyond the expiration date of the patents
because doing so would over-compensate the seller of the patent and improperly extend the patent
monopoly beyond the intended time limit. On recommendation of the magistrate, the district court
granted summary judgment in favor of Marvel and ruled that the settlement agreement transferred
patent rights, but that it was unclear if non-patent rights were transferred. Kimble appealed and argued
that the settlement agreement transferred both patent and non-patent rights and that, while royalty
payments ended for the patent, they did not end for the toy itself. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Ninth Circuit affirmed the decision of the district court.

Issue: Should the decision in Brulotte v. Thys Co, which held that a patentee cannot continue to receive
royalty payments after the patent has expired, be overturned?

Held: No.

Justice Elena Kagan delivered the opinion for the 6-3 majority. The Court held that the precedent
established in Brulotte v. Thys Co.—that a patentee cannot receive royalty payments after the patent
has expired—should be upheld because there was no sufficient reason to overturn it. Patent law
jurisprudence has typically struck down statutes that overly limit free access to formerly patented
inventions, and the Brulotte decision was in line with these cases. Because no subsequent legal
developments have made the rule announced in that decision obsolete and it has remained workable,
there is no reason to overturn the decision. The Court also noted that Congress had ample opportunity
to enact a statute that forecloses the Brulotte rule but has not done so.

Justice Samuel A. Alito, Jr. wrote a dissent in which he argued that, because the Brulotte rule
impermissibly interferes in parties’ abilities to negotiate licensing agreements that reflect the true value
of the product, the decision has no precedential weight and should be overturned. The Brulotte rule
represents a poor interpretation of the Patent Act and promotes economic inefficiency, so the decision
lacks the support of legal standing as well as public policy, and therefore the Court should not uphold it.
Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. and Justice Clarence Thomas joined in the dissent.

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