Flexural Strength of Dimension Stone1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 880; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope stone employing bearing blocks which will ensure that forces 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining applied to the beam will be vertical only and applied without the flexural strength of stone by use of a simple beam using eccentricity. The apparatus should be capable of maintaining quarter-point loading. the span length and distances between load-applying blocks 1.2 Stone tests shall be made when pertinent for the situa- and support blocks constant within 61.3 mm (60.05 in.). The tion when the load is perpendicular to the bedding plane and load should be capable of being applied at a uniform rate and when the load is parallel to the bedding plane. in such a manner as to avoid shock. 1.3 As required, the flexural tests shall also be conducted 6. Test Specimen under wet conditions. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 6.1 The test specimens shall measure 102 mm (4 in.) wide as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for by 32 mm (1.25 in.) thick by 381 mm (15 in.) long, with a span information only. as tested of 318 mm (12.5 in.). The sides of the specimen shall 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the be at right angles with the top and bottom. The specimens shall safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the have a fine abrasive finish on the planes perpendicular to the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- load and a fine saw finish on the other four planes. The priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- dimensions of the specimen shall be measured and recorded to bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the nearest 0.3 mm (0.01 in.). A minimum of five specimens shall be tested for each condition of test. The average value of 2. Referenced Documents the test results is reported as the flexural strength of the stone. 2.1 ASTM Standards: 6.2 Where this test method is specified in the physical E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2 requirements of an ASTM C-18 Standard Specification for a C 119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3 dimension stone, the test specimens shall meet the require- ments under 6.1. 3. Terminology 6.3 Where the job thickness has been set (for example, the 3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with thickness of the stone panels for the project has been estab- Terminology C 119. lished), it is often requested to perform flexure tests at the job thickness. The following shall govern the specimen size where 4. Significance and Use it is requested to test at the job thickness and the job thickness 4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in is other than 32 mm (1.25 in.). The span as tested shall be 10 flexural strength between the various dimension stones. This times the thickness. The specimen lengths shall be not less than test method also provides one element in comparing stones of 51 mm (2 in.) and not more than 102 mm (4 in.) greater than the same type. the span as tested. Where the thickness is less than 68 mm (2.67 in.), the width of the specimen shall be 102 mm (4 in.). 5. Apparatus Where the thickness is greater than 68 mm (2.67 in.) the width 5.1 Testing Machine (Fig. 1), conforming to the require- shall be 1.5 times the thickness. Where the thickness is other ments of the applicable sections of Practices E 4. The quarter- than 32 mm (1.25 in.) and the specimen size is in accordance point loading method shall be used in making flexure tests of with the job thickness criteria noted in the foregoing, the average value of the test results shall be reported as the flexural strength of the stone at the job thickness. All other require- 1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-18 on ments shall be in accordance with 6.1. Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test 6.4 Where the job surface finish has been set (for example, Methods. the architectural finish on the panels for the project has been Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally established), it is often requested to perform flexure tests on published as C 880 – 78. Last previous edition C 880 – 96. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. specimens with the finish the same as on the job. The following 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07. shall govern when it is requested to test at the job surface
1 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=, 02/21/2003 13:53:46 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584. C 880
NOTE—Apparatus may be used inverted.
FIG. 1 Diagrammatic View of a Suitable Apparatus for Flexure Test of Stone
finish. The specimens shall have a finish on one plane 3WL
s54 2 (1) perpendicular to the load in accordance with the finish speci- bd fied for the job. Unless there is data to the contrary, the positioning of the specimen should be with the finished face in where: flexural tension. The average value of the test results shall be s 5 flexural strength, MPa (psi), W 5 maximum load, N (lbf), reported as the flexural strength of the stone at the job surface L 5 span, mm (in.); finish. All other requirements shall be in accordance with 6.1 L 5 10d, and 6.3. b 5 width of specimen, mm (in.); b $ 1.5d, and 6.5 Where the specimens conform to the requirements of 6.3 d 5 depth of specimen, mm (in.). and 6.4, the average value of the test results shall be reported as the flexural strength of the stone at the job thickness and surface finish. 10. Report 6.6 Test results obtained by this test method are those of 10.1 The report shall include the following: flexural strength properties. In specific applications, test speci- 10.1.1 Stone type. mens of different geometry may give useful results in terms of a modulus of rupture value. 10.1.2 Sizes of the specimens used. 10.1.3 Preconditioning procedure used. 7. Conditioning 10.1.4 Individual test results for each specimen. 7.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, dry 10.1.5 Average value of the test results for each group using them for 48 h at 60 6 2°C (140°F 6 4°F). At the 46th, 47th the following relation: and 48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight sum of observed values is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the s5 number of tests specimens until there are three successive hourly readings with the same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven, 10.1.6 Standard deviation, s, of the test results for each cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testing group using the following relation: them. 7.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, im- merse them in water for 48 h at 22 6 2°C (72 6 4°F). Test s5 Œ sum of ~observed value 2 s!2 number of tests21
them immediately upon removal from the bath, wiping the 10.1.7 Any variations from the above procedural tech- specimens free of surface water. niques.
8. Procedure 11. Precision and Bias
8.1 Assemble the apparatus and place the specimen on the 11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result in span supports and adjust the quarter point loading blocks into deviation from accepted values. A precision section will be contact with the specimen. added when sufficient data are available to indicate acceptable --````,``,`,,`,`````,,``,`,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
8.2 Apply the load at a uniform stress rate of 4.14 MPa (600 tolerances in repeatability and reproducibility. psi/min.) to failure. 9. Calculation 12. Keywords 9.1 Calculate the flexural strength, s as follows: 12.1 dimension stone; flexural strength; flexure; stone; test
COPYRIGHT 2003; ASTM International
2 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=, 02/21/2003 13:53:46 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584. C 880 The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).
--````,``,`,,`,`````,,``,`,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
COPYRIGHT 2003; ASTM International
3 Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=, 02/21/2003 13:53:46 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584.
