A STUDY ON

ONLINE TRADING AND CLEARING &

SETTLEMENTS
AT
ARIHANT CAPITAL MARKET LTD.

Name : Saurabh bhalla

Stream : BBA
Roll no. :1405009510
This is well known saying “knowledge without
application is a waste”.
So it is very necessary to provide the practical
knowledge along with the theoretical
knowledge. It is very easy to study the
fundamental of management. But is somehow
to implement them within the through of the
actual atmosphere of business. No doubt
classroom study is in important part for the
knowledge of Business Environment, but
practical exposure provide some extra
knowledge about the rhetorical concept. My
project is directed towards “Online Trading and
Clearing Settlements”. For this, I have
conducted the survey and find out the relevant
information.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
Stock exchange is an organized market place where securities are traded.
These securities are issued by the government, semi-government bodies,
public sector undertakings and companies for borrowing funds and raising
resources. Securities are defined as any monetary claims (promissory notes or
I.O.U) and also include shares, debentures, bonds and etc., if these securities
are marketable as in the case of the government stock, they are transferable
by endorsement and alike movable property. They are tradable on the stock
exchange. So is the case shares of companies.

Under the Securities Contract Regulation Act of 1956, securities’ trading is

regulated by the Central Government and such trading can take place only in
stock exchanges recognized by the government under this Act. As referred to
earlier there are at present 23 such recognized stock exchanges in India. Of
these, major stock exchanges, like Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), National
Stock Exchange (NSE), Calcutta, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore
etc. are permanently recognized while a few are temporarily recognized. The
above act has also laid down that trading in approved contract should be done
through registered members of the exchange. As per the rules made under
the above act, trading in securities permitted to be traded would be in the
normal trading hours (10 A.M to 3.30 P.M) on working days in the trading ring,
as specified for trading purpose
Contracts approved to be traded are the following:
 Spot delivery deals are for deliveries of shares on the same day or the
next day as the payment is made.
 Hand deliveries deals for delivering shares within a period of 7 to 14 days
from the date of contract.
 Delivery through clearing for delivering shares with in a period of two
months from the date of the contract, which is now reduce to 15
days.(Reduced to 2 days in demat trading)
 Special Delivery deals for delivering of shares for specified longer
periods as may be approved by the governing board of the stock
exchange.
 Except in those deals meant for delivery on spot basis, all the rest are to
be put through by the registered brokers of a stock exchange. The
securities contracts (Regulation) rules of 1957 laid down the condition
for such trading, the trading hours, rules of trading, settlement of
disputes, etc. as between the members and of the members with
reference to their clients.
 FUNCTIONS OF STOCK EXCHANGE
 Maintain Active Trading: Shares are traded on the stock exchanges, enabling the investors to buy and
sell securities. The prices may vary from transaction to transaction. A continuous trading increases the
liquidity or marketability of the shares traded on the stock exchanges.

 Fixation of Prices: Price is determined by the transactions that flow from investors demand and the
supplier’s preferences. Usually the traded prices are made known to the public. This helps the investors
to make the better decision.

 Ensures safe and fair dealings: The rules, regulations and bylaws of the Stock Exchanges provide a
measure of safety to the investors. Transactions are conducted under competitive conditions enabling
the investors to get a fair deal.
 Aids in financing the Industry: A continuous market for shares provides a favourable climate for raising
capital. The negotiability and transferability of the securities, investors are willing to subscribe to the
initial public offering (IPO). This stimulates the capital formation.

 Dissemination of Information: Stock Exchanges provide information through their various

publications. They publish the share prices traded on their basis along with the volume traded.
Directory of Corporate Information is useful for the investor’s assessment regarding the corporate.
Handouts, handbooks and pamphlets provide information regarding the functioning of the Stock
Exchanges.
 Performance Inducer: The prices of stocks reflect the performance of the traded companies. This
makes the corporate more concerned with its public image and tries to maintain good performance.
 Self-regulating organization: The Stock Exchanges monitor the integrity of the members, brokers,
listed companies and clients. Continuous internal audit safeguards the investors against unfair trade
practices. It settles the disputes between member brokers, investors and brokers.
 The Securities and Exchange
Board of India
The Securities and Exchange Board of India even though established in the year 1988. Received
statutory powers only on 30th January 1992. Under the SEBI Act, a wide variety of powers are vested
in the hands of SEBI. SEBI has the powers to regulate the business of Stock Exchanges, other security
and mutual funds. Registration and regulation of market intermediaries are also carried out by SEBI. It
has responsibility to prohibit the fraudulent unfair trade practices and insider dealings. Takeovers are
also monitored by the SEBI has the multi pronged duty to promote the healthy growth of the capital
market and protect the investors.

 The Governing Board of stockexchanges :

The Governing Board of the Stock Exchange consists of elected members of directors, government
nominees and public representatives. Rules, by laws and regulations of the Stock Exchange substantial
powers to the executive director for maintaining efficient and smooth day-to day functioning of Stock
Exchange. The Governing Board has the responsibility to maintain and orderly and well-regulated
market.

The Governing body of the Stock Exchange consists of 13 members of which

 Six members of the Stock Exchange are elected by the members of the Stock Exchange.
 Central Government nominates not more than three members.
 The board nominates three public representatives.
 SEBI nominates persona not exceeding three and
 The Stock Exchange appoints one Executive Director.
 NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE
The National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India became operational in the capital market segment on third
November 1994 in Mumbai. The genesis of the NSE lies in the recommendations of the pherwani
committee (1991). Apart from the NSE. It had recommended for the establishment of National Stock
market System also. The committee pointed out some major defects in the Indian stock market. The
defects specified are.
 Lack of liquidity in most of the markets in terms of depth and breadth.
 Lack of ability to develop markets for debt.
 Lack of infrastructure facilities and outdated trading system.
 Lack of transparency in the operations that affect investors’ confidence.
 Outdated settlement system that are inadequate to cater to the growing volume, leading to delays.
 Lack of single market due to the inability of various stock exchanges to function cohesively with legal
structure and regulatory framework.
 These factors led to the establishment of the NSE.

The main objectives of NSE are as follows

 1). To establish a nation wide trading facility for equities, debt and hybrid instruments
 2). To ensure equal access investors all over the country through appropriate communication
network.
 3). To provide a fair, efficient and transparent securities market to investors using an electronic
communication network.
ARIHANT CAPITAL MARKETS LTD:
Arihant capital markets limited is a leading financial intermediary
established in 1994.A team of experienced and qualified professionals
manages Arihant across all the level of management. Mr.Ashok Kumar
Jain, a chartered Accountant having more than 20 Years of experience in
capital markets, promotes the company. Arihant has been on a growth
path under his able leadership and values of integrity and transparency
have been in culcated in all company employees. Over the years
Arihant has played a successful role in client’s wealth creation.In the
process Arihant also refined itself, as an investment advisor and is poised
to provide complete Investment Management Solution to its valued
clientele.
Arihant’s values of integrity and transparency in all its transactions are
embedded deep into roots helps it to provide excellent services, steady
growth and complete satisfaction to all its clients. Arihant strongly
believes that success is only the end result of client’s growth. Arihant has
followed a consistent growth path and is established as one of the
leading broking houses of the country with the support and confidence
of clients, investors, employees, and associates
Philosophy:
 • Integrity and transparency in all transaction
 • Providing investment solutions based on quality and unbiased
 research.
 • Providing personalized service to all investors, institutions,
business
 Associates.
 • Achieving success through clients’ growth.
 VISION:
 To be recognized by our serice quality invest insight & client
relationship as the most trusted firm in the financial service
business.
 ▪ To be fair, empathetic,& responsive in servicing our clients.
 ▪ To respect & reinforce our colleages & the sprit of teamwork.
 ▪ To always earn & be worth of our clients trust.
 ▪ To strive , to improve what we do & how we do it.
On-Line Trading:
 Arihant is providing on-line trading facility for their clients
to do trade on commodities, derivatives, mutual fund and
equities.
 What is on-line trading ?
 Trading of securites (Buying and Selling of shares and
commodities )
 Through Internet is called on-line trading. The objective of
on-line trading is:
 ▪ To facilitate easy transaction processing.
 ▪ Easy surveillance so that less scope of speculation.
 ▪ To make the trading fully automated and simple trading
procedures.
 Arihant on-line trading are operated through WAN ( Wide
Area Network ) which is one of the special feature of
Arihant Capital Markets Ltd.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
The objectives of the study are as follows:
 To know the on-line screen based trading system adopted by
ACM and about its communication facilities for the appropriate
configuration to set network. This would link the ACM to
individual brokers/members.
 To study about the back up measures with respect to primary
communication facilities, in order to achieve network availability
and connectivity back-up options.
 Study about Clearing & Settlements in the stock exchanges for
easy transfer and error prone system. Also study about
computerization demand process.
 To know about the settlement procedure involved in ACM and
also NSDL operations.
 Clearing defining each and every term of the stock exchange
trading procedures.
SCOPE OF STUDY:
The scope of the project is to study and know
about Online Trading and Clearing &
Settlements dealt in Inter-Connected Stock
Exchange.By studying the Online Trading and
Clearing & Settlements, a clear option of
dealing in stock exchange is been
Understood. Unlike olden days the concept of
trading manually is been replaced for fast
interaction of shares of shareholder. By this
we can access anywhere and know the
present dealings in shares.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS

The data collection methods include both the

primary and secondary collection methods.
 Primary Collection Methods: This method
includes the data collection from the personal
discussion with the authorized clerks and
members of the exchange.
 Secondary Collection Methods: The secondary
collection methods includes the lectures of the
superintend of the department of market
operations and so on., also the data collected
from the news, magazines of the ACM and
different books issues of this study
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND
PROBLEM OF THE STUDY

 Doing the survey, it was really an opportunity

before me when I could convert my
theoretical knowledge into practical and of
real world type. Fortunately, the company I
got is a true follower of the various principles
of management and also one of the leading
companies in its segment of the industry.
PROBLEM OF THE STATEMENT
 All the stock exchanges in India were mechanized in the year 1994 November.
That was the year when the stock exchanges introduced screen based trading
across the country.
 While on line trading gives you speed and price advantage, there is some risk
and disadvantage to entering orders on-line. The page alerts you to any pitfalls
you should watch out for if you want to use the internet to trade stocks.
 If you do commit to trading online, you must be careful when you enter stock
orders. It is easy to make mistakes, but the market and your brokers may not be
sympathetic. Once an order is submitted, there may be nothing you can do to
take it back if you made a mistake. The various types of orders you enter can be
confusing.
 Individuals are restricted to first hand financial guidance. This simply means that
the individual is himself/herself alone to make the decisions.
 Tax (sales tax and value added tax) evaluation becomes an issue, especially when
you are trading internationally.
 Changes are that one has no idea who is dealing with on the other end, so it is
advisable to gather all the possible information about the party one is dealing
with. In short are full knowledge is to be known.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research is defined as human activity based on

intellectual application in the investigation of
matter. The primary aim for applied research is
discovering, interpreting, and the development
of methods and systems for the advancement of
human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific
matters of our world and the universe. It is
exploratory and often driven by the researcher’s
curiosity, interest, and intuition. It is conducted
without any practical end in mind, although it
may have unexpected results pointing to
practical applications.
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
For any research these two types of data are necessary:
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
Primary Data:
 For this project the primary data is collected in four ways:
Through observations, through discussion (Department
Heads & Executives), through questionnaires and through
sampling procedure.

Secondary Data:
The secondary data is collected from various sources
available within the organization like Organizational web
site, Company Past records, Library books, Internet, Annual
reports, consulting administrative staff and from consulting
marketing Managers.
SAMPLING:
Sampling may be defined as the selection of an aggregate or
totally on the basis of which a judgment of reference about the
aggregate of totally is made. “Sampling is used in conducting
surveys and in studying various problems concerning production
management, time and motion studies, market research, various
areas of accounting and finance and the like.
 Sample size:
For the project 50 customers were taken into consideration and
they are selected on the random basis.
 Method of sampling:
The method of sampling, which selected, is “non probability
convenience sampling “. In this method the sample insights are
chosen primarily on basis of my convenience.
The sample technique adopted for carrying out the survey is
stratified random.
STATISTICAL TOOLS:
Statistical techniques are to obtain findings and average information in
logical sequence from the raw data collected. After tabulation of data
research have used the following quantitative technique.
 Percentage analysis
 Charts
PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS:
Percentage refers to special kind of ratio. This method is used as making
comparsion between two or more services of data. Persenatage are
used to decidable relationship. Persentage can also used to compare
thge relative terries, the distribution of two or more services of data.
CHARTS:
Bar charts and pie charts are used to get a clear look at the tabulated data.
NEED OF THE STUDY
The scope of the project is to study and know about Online
Trading and Clearing & Settlements dealt in Inter-
Connected Stock Exchange. By studying the Online Trading
and Clearing & Settlements, a clear option of dealing in
stock exchange is been understood. Unlike olden days the
concept of trading manually is been replaced for fast
interaction of shares of shareholder. By this we can access
anywhere and know the present dealings in shares. The
comprehensive study of on “Online Trading System and
Clearing Settlements at Arihant Capital Markets Ltd.”
has been an enlightening experience stressing on the
position aspects on security trading. Dematerialization of
shares and online trading has done in whole lot of good to
the issuer, investor, companies and country.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study confines to the past 2-3 years and

present system of the trading procedure in the
ACM and the study is confined to the coverage of
all the related issues in brief. The data is
collected from the primary and secondary
sources and thus is subject to slight variation
than what the study includes in reality.
Hence accuracy and correctness can be
measured only to the extend of what the sample
group has furnished.
OBJECTIVES OF ON-LINE
TRADING:
 Reduce and eliminate operational inefficiencies inherent in manual system.
 Increased trading capacity in stock exchanges.
 Improve market transparency, eliminate unmatched trades and delayed
reporting.
 Provides for online and offline monitoring, control and surveillance of the
markets.
 Promote fairness and speedy matching.
 Ensure smooth market operations using technology while retaining the flexibility
of conventional trading practices.
 Setup various limits rules and controls centrally.
 Provide brokers with their data on electronic media interface with the brokers
back office system.
 Provide public information on scrip prices, indices for all users of the system.
 Provide analytical data for use of stock exchange in analysis and reporting
 To face stiff competition from other stock exchange.
 Consolidate trader’s data and interface with clearing and settlement..
STOCK MARKET TRADING ON
INTERNET
The major events that will take place in the Indian Capital
Market are introduction of index-based futures trading on
internet. Trading on internet means that the investor’s will
actually buy and sell the stocks on-line through the net. A
committee was setup by SEBI to develop regulatory
parameters for use internet trading. SEBI approved the
report on the committee. SEBI decided that internet trading
could take place in India within the existing legal framework
through use of order routing system, which will route order
from client to brokers,. For trade execution on registered
stock exchanges. The broad also took note of the
recommended minimum technical standards for ensuring
safety and security of transaction between clients and
brokers, which will be forced by the respective stock
exchanges.
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
TRADING
 It will help in reducing transaction costs particularly for overseas and remote
located investors.
 It will provide real time quotes and on-line trading facility at a much cheaper
cost.
 Facility of transaction business from the terminal of the investors and will help
him making rational judgment or decisions.
 It will bring down the brokerages fees and increases the trading volumes.
 Quick response in transaction i.e. giving the order verification and
acknowledgement.
 It allows transparent companies of services and easy price discovery.
 It is easy enough to set up either as individual account for margins trading or
settle transactions by credit card.
 It is easy for brokers to monitor and maintain online accounts and the possibility
of miss-trading is less.
 Surveillance is easy as there is very less scope for speculation
 The investor is provided with best offer
 Trading procedure is easy and fully automated.
Easier transaction
processing.
 Profit in time:
Investor can make profits by selling shares when the going is good. They
do not have to instruct their brokers on the cut off price to sell shares.
 Ease and transparency:
Since the broking, bank and demat account are all electronically
connected, all transaction get updated, demat account shows the latest
stockholding statement while the bank account shows the balance
amount after buying or selling of shares.
 Precaution:
Check for hidden costs of broker’s age. Beware of net seamstress. Never
double click the mouse during execution of trade avoids cyber cafes and
change password regularly.
 Less fees:
Shares traded online require no human intervention to match buys and
sells. This means that commission costs are cut dramatically for the
frequent investor.
PROBLEMS OF ONLINE TRADING
 All the stock exchanges in India were mechanized in the year 1994
November. That was the year when the stock exchanges introduced
screen based trading across the country.
 While on line trading gives you speed and price advantage, there is some
risk and disadvantage to entering orders on-line. The page alerts you to
any pitfalls you should watch out for if you want to use the internet to
trade stocks.
 If you do commit to trading online, you must be careful when you enter
stock orders. It is easy to make mistakes, but the market and your
brokers may not be sympathetic. Once an order is submitted, there may
be nothing you can do to take it back if you made a mistake. The various
types of orders you enter can be confusing.
 Individuals are restricted to first hand financial guidance. This simply
means that the individual is himself/herself alone to make the decisions.
 Tax (sales tax and value added tax) evaluation becomes an issue,
especially when you are trading internationally.
 Changes are that one has no idea who is dealing with on the other end,
so it is advisable to gather all the possible information about the party
one is dealing with. In short are full knowledge is to be known
 BENEFITS OF DEPOSITORY
SYSTEM
 Elimination of bad deliveries-in the depository environment, once holding of
an investor are Dematerialized, the question of bad delivery does not arise
i.e. they cannot be hold “under objection”.
 Elimination of all risks associated with physical certificates-dealing in
physical Securities have associates security risks of stocks, mutilation of
certificates, loss of certificates during movements through and from the
registrars, thus exposing the investor to the cost of obtaining duplicate
certificates and advertisement, etc.., This problem does not arise in the
depository environment.
 No stamps duty for transfer of any kind of Securities in the depository.
 Immediate transfer and registration of securities- in the depository
environment, once the securities are credited to the investors accounts on
pay-out, he becomes the legal owner of the securities. There is no further
need to send it to the company’s registrar for registration.
 Faster settlement cycle-the exclusive Demat segment follow rolling
settlement cycle of T+2 i.e. the settlement of trades will be on the 2nd
working day from the trade day. This will enable faster turnover of stock and
more liquidity with the investor.
OBSERVATION
The online in ACM is introduced to reduce and eliminate all the
discrepancies that arise out of manual trading system. It has been
developed to computerize the trading activity of the broker. With the
computerization of the trading activity, the number of transaction
and the volume of trading have increased to a great extent. ACM is
dealing in both BSE and NSE.
The turnover of ACM has gone up during 1998 with the introduction
of online trading system. The trading of ACM of the first day was Rs.
37.00 crores.
Now the companies are also taking orders on phone call. Only ACM is
not in phone order. Trading in Z securities is not available. (Z
securities are those securities which are not traded regularly). Bank
account for instant transfer is also not available, which all the
companies dealing with online trading are giving instant bank a/c. all
companies are giving offline option while ACM is not giving any
offline options. Portfolio valuation is not available. Moreover, only
govt securities and bonds are allowed for mutual trading.
CONCLUSION
The comprehensive study of on “online trading system and Clearing &
settlements at Arihant Capital Markets Ltd has been an enlightening
experience stressing on the position aspects on security trading.
Dematerialization of shares and online trading has done in whole lot of
good to the issuer, investor, companies and country.
The Depository system has reduced the time lag in delivering and
settlement of securities but also supported the cause of providing more
liquidity to the security holder, the need for setting up of a depository,
paper less trading through online trading system and settlement became
in evitable and unavoidable for the smooth and efficient functioning of
the capital market. This system has proven its worthy ness by increasing
in the settlement will be done with in the day in future is in itself an
indication of how great a boon in this system of Online trading.
E-brokerages provide convenience, encourage increased investor
participation and lead to lower up front costs. In the long run, they will
likely reflect increased market efficiency as well. In short run, however,
there are a number of issues related to transparency, investor’s misplaced
trust, and poorly aligned incentives between e-brokerages and markets,
that may impede true market efficiency.
 SUGGETIONS
 Volume of paper work is small but it is very complicated to maintain data in
system so try to reduce that by regular audit and updating data.
 Most of DPs do not have the necessary infrastructure to handle the high
workload of transactions lending to many error by DPs, so by giving full
infrastructure information to every DP can avoid this problem
 The pool a/c does not know the true owner of the shares and hence
dividends are paid to the broker instead of owners, by this broker can do any
manipulations or any fraud with the owner, for this the owner can loose his
dividend. Hence for this try to pay the dividend directly to the owner.
 If the shares are fake/forged which delivered by the broker the shareholder
can loose that system and have to receive another lot of issued shares from
the broker in 21 days, this system stands abused as soon as possible.
 The online trading is easy to work but it is costly to maintain and difficult to
learn.
 It should increase the speed of executing the orders.
 Mutual funds trading for other companies have to be encouraged. If phone
orders are encouraged, trading in z securities are allowed, bank account for
instant transfer are provided and offline option are given then ACM would be
definitely improving in the turnover.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Newspaper: Economic Times of India

 Web-site: www.nseindia.org
 www.iseindia.com
 www.nsccl.com

 Report: ACM Report