Designation: C 449/C 449M – 00

Standard Specification for

Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and
Finishing Cement1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 449/C 449M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope Change Upon Drying of Thermal Insulating Cement2

1.1 This specification covers mineral fiber (rock or slag) C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulating Materi-
insulating and finishing cement shipped in dry-mix form, als2
including hydraulic-setting binder, which, when mixed with C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
water and applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
directions, affords a smooth surface as a final finish for heated the Guarded-Hot Plate Apparatus2
surfaces up to 1200°F (649°C) for specific applications. The C 354 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Thermal
actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the Insulating or Finishing Cement2
purchaser and the manufacturer. C 356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of Preformed
High-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-
NOTE 1—Precautionary measures should be taken with this material as ing Heat2
with other hydraulic-setting mixtures. This material should be used within
the time period recommended by the manufacturer.
C 390 Criteria for Sampling and Acceptance of Preformed
Thermal Insulation Lots2
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded C 405 Practice for Estimating Consistency of Wet-Mixed
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for Thermal Insulating Cement2
information only. C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the Temperature Thermal Insulation2
test method (Section 10) described in this specification: This C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health C 795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con-
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel2
tions prior to use. C 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission
1.4 When the installation or use of thermal insulation Properties from Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements2
materials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or health C 1058 Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Reporting
problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user with appro- and Evaluating Thermal Properties of Thermal Insulation2
priate current information regarding any known problems C 1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
associated with the recommended use of the company’s Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
products and shall also recommend protective measures to be E 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish Tube Furnace at 750°C3
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions found in Terminology C 168
2. Referenced Documents
shall be considered as applying to the terms used in this
2.1 ASTM Standards: specification.
C 163 Practice for Mixing Thermal Insulating Cement
Samples2 4. Materials and Manufacture
C 166 Test Method for Covering Capacity and Volume 4.1 Mineral fiber insulating and finishing cement shall be
composed of mineral fiber and suitable fillers, premixed with a
hydraulic setting binder such that when mixed with clean, fresh
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on water, the cement will attain its initial set in approximately 2 to
Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.20 on
Homogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations. 4 h as usually applied.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
published as C 449 – 60 T. Last previous edition C 449 – 95.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 C 449/C 449M
4.2 The mineral fiber shall consist of rock or slag or glass accordance with Table 1 (Sampling Plan and Acceptance
processed from a molten state into fibrous form. Criteria for Inspection Requirements) of Criteria C 390, with
4.3 Asbestos shall not be used as an ingredient or compo- each bag representing a shipping unit.
nent part in the manufacture of this product. 7.2 The test specimen shall be taken from the middle of a
4.4 Ceramic fiber shall not be used as an ingredient or bag, so as to be representative of material from the entire bag.
component part in the manufacture of this product. A “grain thief” or equivalent shall be used to obtain the
NOTE 2—Caution: In the presence of moisture or water, a hydraulic-
specimen from the bag.
setting binder, usually portland cement, will chemically react with 8. Number of Tests and Retests
aluminum-containing materials such as aluminum lagging and powdered
aluminum pigmented paints or coatings.
8.1 The number of tests shall be as required in 7.1 or as
otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the user.
5. Other Requirements 8.2 If the average of the test data obtained on the required
5.1 The cement shall conform to the requirements given in number of specimens fails to comply with the requirements of
Table 1. Conformance shall be based on results of tests on Table 1, the lot shall be resampled and retested. The results of
specimens first mixed with water according to the ratio for the retest shall be averaged with the results of the original tests
proper troweling consistency determined in accordance with to determine compliance with this specification.
Practice C 405. 9. Specimen Preparation
5.2 Maximum Use Temperature—When tested in accor- 9.1 Specimens for testing shall be mixed with demineralized
dance with paragraph 10.6, the dried cement shall not warp, or distilled water in accordance with Practice C 163. Allow
flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidence of ingredients to expand/swell by standing for at least 15 min
melting or fiber degradation shall be evident upon post-test before running qualification tests.
inspection. 9.2 Test specimens for 5.2, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7 and Table
5.3 Non-combustibility—When tested in accordance with 1 shall be prepared as follows:
paragraph 10.7, the dried cement specimen, using 9.2, shall not 9.2.1 Mold test specimens on a mold of suitable size and
exceed the recorded temperature rise more than 54°F (30°C) shape for the equipment to be used and a max. of 2 in. (51 mm)
with no flaming or weight loss exceeding 5%. in depth. The cement shall be mixed with demineralized water
5.4 When the cement is to be used in contact with austenitic in accordance with Practice C 163. Place the mold in a
stainless steel, distilled or demineralized water shall be used horizontal position on a piece of glass slightly larger than the
for mixing. The cured and dried product, processed in accor- specimen required. Place the mixed cement in the mold, trowel
dance with Section 9 on Specimen Preparation, shall conform the top surface of the cement smooth, and allow to cure under
to the requirements of Specification C 795. ambient laboratory conditions for 24 h.
6. Qualification Requirements 9.2.2 Remove the specimen from the mold and dry until
constant dried weight is achieved. Drying can be accomplished
6.1 The following requirements are employed for purposes either by heating in a well ventilated oven at 215 to 250°F (101
of initial material or product qualifications: to 121°C) for 48 h or by heating in a ventilated 500 to 900
6.1.1 Dry covering capacity. watts microwave oven until no change in specimen weight.
6.1.2 Volume change upon drying. 9.2.3 Upon removal from the oven, the surfaces of the
6.1.3 Compressive strength. specimens shall be made plane and parallel by cutting, sand-
6.1.4 Linear shrinkage. papering, or by a combination of these methods. The lateral
6.1.5 Apparent thermal conductivity. dimensions of the specimens shall be governed by the test
7. Sampling requirements.
7.1 The cement shall be sampled for acceptance tests in 10. Test Methods
10.1 Dry Covering Capacity—Test Method C 166.
TABLE 1 Physical Requirements 10.2 Volume Change Upon Drying—Test Method C 166.
NOTE 1—Conformance to these physical requirements shall be based 10.3 Compressive Strength—Test Method C 354.
on the average of the results of tests on specimens prepared in accordance 10.4 Linear Shrinkage—Test Method C 356.
with Section 9. 10.5 Apparent Thermal Conductivity
Dry covering capacity min ft2@ 1 in. thickness per 100 lb of dry 24 (12.5) 10.5.1 The thermal conductivity as a function of tempera-
cement (m2@ 1 cm thickness per 100 kg of dry cement)
Volume change (shrinkage) upon drying, max % 10.0
ture for the representative specimens shall be determined with
Compressive strength at 5 % deformation, min psi (kPa) 100 (689.5) data obtained from a series of thermal tests utilizing Test
Linear shrinkage (length) after 24 h heat soak at 1200°F (649°C), 5.0 Methods C 177, C 518, or C 1114 as appropriate for the
max %
Apparent thermal conductivity, max Btu·in./h·ft2·°F
material under study. Specimen shall be tested at a maximum
(W/m·K): thickness of 2 in. (51 mm).
Mean temperature° F (°C), 10.5.1.1 Test Method C 518 shall not be used at tempera-
75 (24) 0.60 (0.087)
tures or resistances other than those in the range of the
200 (93) 0.90 (0.130) calibration.
400 (204) 1.15 (0.166)
600 (316) 1.1 (0.159) 10.5.1.2 Test Method C 1114 shall not be used at tempera-
tures or resistance ranges other than those with comparable
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 C 449/C 449M
results to Test Method C 177. 10.7 Non-combustibility—May be determined with passing
10.5.2 The test method selected shall have proven correla- Test Method E 136 when all four specimens meet the reported
tion with Test Method C 177 over the temperature range of conditions.
conditions used. In cases of dispute, Test Method C 177 shall
be considered as the final authority for material having flat 11. Inspection
geometry. 11.1 The following requirements are employed for purposes
10.5.3 Practice C 1058 may be used to obtain recommended of acceptance sampling of lots or shipments of qualified
test temperature combinations for testing purposes. cement:
10.5.4 As specified in Practice C 1045, the range of test 11.1.1 Dry covering capacity.
conditions must include at least one test where the hot surface 11.1.2 Volume change upon drying.
temperature is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of the
temperature range of desired data and at least one test where 12. Rejection and Rehearing
the cold surface temperature is less than, or equal to, the cold 12.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements in
limit of the temperature range desired. Additional tests, at least this specification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported
two, shall be distributed somewhat evenly over the rest of the

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to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing in case of
temperature range. dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer or
10.5.5 Conduct the final analysis of the thermal data shall be supplier may make claim for a rehearing.
conducted in accordance with Practice C 1045 to generate a 12.2 In case of rejection, the manufacturer or supplier shall
thermal conductivity versus temperature relationship for the have the right to reinspect the rejected shipment and resubmit
specimen. the lot after removal of that portion not conforming to the
10.5.6 The final step of Practice C 1045 analysis would be specified requirements.
to calculate the thermal conductivity using the equations
generated at a set of mean temperatures for comparison to the 13. Certification
specification. 13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the
NOTE 3—Caution: While it is recommended that the specification data purchaser shall be furnished with certification that samples
be presented as conductivity versus temperature, several existing specifi- representing each lot have been either tested or inspected as
cations may contain mean temperature data from tests conducted at directed in this specification, and the requirements have been
specific hot and cold surface temperatures. In these cases, the conductivity met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report
as a function of temperature from the Practice C 1045 analysis may
of the test results shall be furnished.
provide different results. To insure that the data is compatible, a Practice
C 680 analysis, using the conductivity versus temperature relationship
from Practice C 1045 and the specific hot and cold surface temperatures, 14. Packaging
is required to determine the effective conductivity for comparison to the 14.1 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon by the
specification requirements. purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier, the cement shall be
10.6 Maximum Use Temperature—Shall be tested, using packaged in the manufacturer’s standard commercial contain-
9.2, in accordance with Test Method C 411 at the insulation’s ers.
maximum use temperature and at the manufacturer’s maximum
recommended thickness at that temperature. No special re- 15. Keywords
quirements for heat up of material shall be specified by the 15.1 cement; finishing; hydraulic-setting; insulating; min-
manufacturer. eral fiber; thermal; thermal conductivity

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