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Technical Information B-TI 1

HORDAMER
Primary Polyethylene Dispersions
Technical Information B-TI 1

What Are HORDAMER Primary Dispersions?

Primary dispersions are produced by the Manufacturing Process for Primary and Secondary Dispersions
high-pressure, aqueous polymerization
of ethylene. An emulsifier stabilizes the
final product.
Ethylene
Unlike secondary wax dispersion/
emulsion, there is no need for post-
oxidation of the PE wax to make it Homopolymerization
polar enough for it to be emulsified
in water. The chain length of the
wax becomes shorter as a result of Polyethylene wax
the post-oxidation. This means that (non-modified, non-polar)
primary PE dispersions have a longer
chain length and the molecular weight Special high-pressure
Oxidation polymerization directly in water
is approximately double the weight of
a PE wax dispersion/emulsion.
Even the molecule structure is highly
branched in comparison to a PE wax. Polyethylene wax
The melting point is much lower (modified, more polar)
because of the different process used.
The particle size distribution is similar
to wax emulsions at approx. 200 nm Emulsion in Grinding in
(figure 5). water water

Secondary polyethylene wax Primary polyethylene

emulsion /dispersion dispersion
(modified polyethylene) (non-modified polyethylene)

figure 1

Structure of HDPE Waxes Structure of HORDAMER

O
HO S O
O
Linear chain (Mw 5000 - 6000) figure 2
O
Melting point 110-145 °C / 230-293 °F
O S O
O
H

Branched chain (Mw > 15,000) figure 3

Melting point 90 °C /194 °F

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 Technical Information B-TI 1

Narrow Particle Size Distribution of

HORDAMER Primary Polyethylene Dispersions at a Glance HORDAMER

HORDAMER PE 02 HORDAMER PE 03

16

Volume (%)
Composition Primary dispersion of Primary dispersion of
polyethylene with an polyethylene with anionic 14
anionic emulsifier and non-ionic emulsifiers 12
10
Melting point in °C /°F 95 / 203 95 / 203
8
Non-volatile matter in % 40 40
6
pH value 11 9
4
Viscosity in mPa·s 20 20
2
Density at 20 °C in g/ml 0.97 0.98
0
Density in lbs/US gal at 68 °F 8.1 8.2 0.01 0.1 1
Molecular weight in g/mol 16,000 16,000 Particle size (µm)
Compliant with 21 CFR Yes Yes
§ 175.300

figure 4 X HORDAMER PE 02 figure 5

What Are the Advantages of HORDAMER over Secondary

PE Emulsions?
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
• Shows extremely good surface Excellent Heat Resistance of HORDAMER PE 02
wetting at high temperature surfaces
• Will not yellow under UV exposure
• As a result of its polar functions in the 100
Weight (%)

molecule, the HORDAMER products

can improve adhesion to non-polar 80

substrates Residue
60 Residue
41.98%
• Shows high temperature stability (7.298 mg)
36.18%
40 (6.290 mg)
• Is FDA and BFR approved for direct
Residue
food contact 20 1.423%
• Anti-blocking effects on different (0.2474 mg)
surfaces like hot melts, PU, etc. 0
30 130 230 330 430 530
• Very high melt viscosity
Temperature °C

X HORDAMER PE 02 figure 6
Sample weight: 17.386 mg

Where Is HORDAMER Used?

• In aluminum die cast applications • As a lubricant at very high tempe- • In overprint varnishes to improve
as one component (often used ratures the rub resistance
in combination with secondary • In hot melt adhesives and thermo- • In floor care & polishes to increase
PE emulsions and/or silicones) plastic compounds as an anti-blocking scratch and abrasion resistance
• In mold release formulations, additive in underwater pelletizing
it improves substrate wetting at processes
high temperatures and also release • In water-borne adhesives to improve
properties adhesion to thermoplastic substrates
like polyethylene, polyester film and
others

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 Technical Information B-TI 1

Die Cast Applications The Leidenfrost Effect

Usually, aqueous systems are not easily
able to wet metal surfaces at a tempera-
ture range of 100 - 400 °C / 212 -752 °F Vapor bubbles
because of the fact that a gas cushion
(vapor layer) forms under the applied Droplet Floating droplet
drop of liquid. This phenomenon is
known as the Leidenfrost effect. The Vapor layer 1mm
addition of HORDAMER ensures that Hot plate
perfect substrate wetting is achieved Nucleate boiling Film boiling
even at temperatures up to 400 °C / Tplate > TB, liquid Tplate >> TB, liquid
752 °F. The good wetting properties of
HORDAMER are based on its unique
structure and polar functionality. This Tplate = surface temperature of hot plate TB, liquid = boiling point of liquid figure 7
explains why HORDAMER is successfully
used as one component in mold release
agents for metal die cast processes.

Hot Melt Adhesives and Thermoplastic Granulates

Soft thermoplastics such as TPE and Heat and Pressure Cause Caking
TPU as well as hot melt, EVA-based
adhesives are used in the form of
granules. Under pressure and heat
they exhibit caking/blocking effects
especially when they are packed in
bags, which makes handling and
automatic filling difficult.
By using HORDAMER during the
underwater pelletizing, the PE film
covers the granule’s particle surface
and prevents blocking. There is no Granules directly after extrusion Granules after being stored for 1 hr
migration into the final parts. at 70 °C /158 °F in an oven

figure 8

Underwater Pelletizing – Schematic Diagram

Cutter

Die plate
Separation of
pellets
Molten polymer Cutting chamber
with rotating
from extruder blades Addition of
wax emulsion
Processing
and defoamer
water

Hot polymer Cooled-off polymer Wax emulsion and defoamer Cold polymer with wax emulsion and defoamer figure 9

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 Technical Information B-TI 1

Water-borne Adhesives

There is always a demand for raw Improved Adhesion Power with HORDAMER
materials that enhance the adhesion
power of adhesives. In aqueous
systems based on EVA or acrylics, Coating film
HORDAMER improves adhesion to lamination
polypropylene (OPP and BOPP), and,
to a certain degree, to polyethylene.
Application fields for HORDAMER
are film-laminated paper substrates,
which are used for high-quality
shopping bags, gift boxes and
medicine packaging.
Additionally, HORDAMER products
provide better wetting of OPP
substrates.

figure 10

Overprint Varnish

HORDAMER improves scratch resistance, varnishes as well as flexo inks. food contact approval and can even be
abrasion resistance and surface slip in As a result of the special processing, used in inks for food packaging.
water-borne printing inks and overprint the HORDAMER products have direct

Rub Resistance on Overprint Varnish

HORDAMER PE 03
Control 2% solid wax based upon total formulation

Test system: aqueous, acrylic-based OPV, 24 hr drying time; test equipment: Prüfbau 250 rubs; offset OPV, aqueous figure 11

Floor Polish

In terms of surface protection, Surface Protection on Floor Polish

HORDAMER increases the scratch
resistance on floorings without an
increase in slip. 90
85
80
75
70
Gloss Gloss after SATRA test Gloss after
Crockmeter test

X Secondary wax emulsion X HORDAMER PE 02 figure 12

8.0% wax solids

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Technical Information B-TI 1

Products and Applications

BYK Additives

Product Range Additives: Application Areas:

• Additives to improve surface slip, Coatings Industry Printing Ink Industry

leveling and substrate wetting • Architectural Coatings • Flexo Inks
• Adhesion promoters • Automotive Coatings • Gravure Inks
• Defoamers and air release agents • Industrial Coatings • Inkjet Inks
• Processing additives • Can Coatings • Silk Screen Inks
• Rheological additives • Coil Coatings • Offset Inks
• UV absorbers • Wood & Furniture Coatings • Overprint Varnishes
• Viscosity depressants • Powder Coatings
• Wax additives • Leather Finishes Paper Coatings
• Wetting and dispersing additives • Protective & • Impregnation
for pigments and extenders Marine Coatings • Coatings

Plastics Industry Adhesives & Sealants

• Ambient Curing Systems
• PVC Plastisols Construction Chemicals
• SMC/BMC
BYK-Chemie GmbH • Thermoplastics Pigment Concentrates
P.O. Box 10 02 45
46462 Wesel Raw Materials for Manufacturing
Germany Release Agents
Tel +49 281 670-0
Fax +49 281 65735

[email protected]
www.byk.com/additives

BYK Instruments

BYK offers a complete line of testing instruments BYK-Gardner GmbH

to meet your needs in many application areas: P.O. Box 970
• Gloss/Appearance 82534 Geretsried
• Color Germany
Tel +49 8171 3493-0
Portable or stationary laboratory equipment – +49 800 427-3637
including easy-to-use quality control software. Fax +49 8171 3493-140

BYK instruments – the complete solution for the [email protected]

coatings and plastics industry. www.byk.com/instruments

ANTI-TERRA®, ATEPAS®, BYK®, BYK®-DYNWET®, BYK®-SILCLEAN®, BYKANOL®, BYKETOL®, BYKJET®, BYKOPLAST®, BYKUMEN®, DISPERBYK®,
DISPERPLAST®, ISAROL®, LACTIMON®, NANOBYK®, SCONA®, SILBYK® and VISCOBYK® are registered trademarks of BYK-Chemie.
AQUACER®, AQUAMAT®, AQUATIX®, CERACOL®, CERAFAK®, CERAFLOUR®, CERAMAT®, CERATIX®, HORDAMER® and MINERPOL® are
registered trademarks of BYK-Cera.

This information is given to the best of our knowledge. Because of the multitude of formulations, production and application conditions, all
the above-mentioned statements have to be adjusted to the circumstances of the processor. No liabilities, including those for patent rights,
can be derived from this fact for individual cases.
This issue replaces all previous versions – Printed in Germany
11/2011