What Is Arcgis PDF

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What is ArcGIS ?
GIS by ESRI ™
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Contents
THE ARCGIS SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 1
What is ArcGIS 8.3? ....................................................................................................................... 1
ArcGIS 8.3 is scalable ..................................................................................................................... 2
GIS data management ..................................................................................................................... 3
Geographic data models ............................................................................................................... 4
ARCGIS DESKTOP ........................................................................................... 9

What is ArcGIS Desktop? ............................................................................................................. 9
ArcMap ............................................................................................................................................ 10
ArcCatalog ...................................................................................................................................... 11
ArcToolbox .................................................................................................................................... 12
Putting them all together ............................................................................................................ 13
Compatible data formats ............................................................................................................. 15
What are ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo? .......................................................................... 16
What is ArcView 8.3? .................................................................................................................. 18
What is ArcEditor 8.3? ................................................................................................................ 20
What is ArcInfo 8.3? ..................................................................................................................... 21
Managing ArcGIS Desktop .......................................................................................................... 22
Optional extensions for ArcGIS Desktop ............................................................................. 24
ArcGIS Spatial Analyst .................................................................................................................. 25
ArcGIS 3D Analyst ........................................................................................................................ 26
ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst .................................................................................................... 27
ArcGIS Survey Analyst .................................................................................................................. 28
ArcGIS StreetMap USA and StreetMap Europe ..................................................................... 29
ArcGIS Tracking Analyst ............................................................................................................... 30
ArcScan for ArcGIS ....................................................................................................................... 31
ArcGIS Schematics ........................................................................................................................ 32
Maplex for ArcGIS ........................................................................................................................ 33
ArcGIS Publisher ........................................................................................................................... 34
ArcPress for ArcGIS ..................................................................................................................... 34
MrSID Encoder for ArcGIS ......................................................................................................... 34
TIFF/LZW compression ............................................................................................................. 34
What is ArcReader? ..................................................................................................................... 35
iii
WHAT IS ARCSDE? ....................................................................................... 37
Why would you use a DBMS? .................................................................................................... 38
Why use ArcSDE? ......................................................................................................................... 39
ArcSDE connection configuration options ............................................................................ 40
WHAT IS ARCIMS? ........................................................................................ 41

Why use ArcIMS? .......................................................................................................................... 41
The ArcIMS architecture ............................................................................................................. 42
ArcIMS services ............................................................................................................................. 43
ArcXML:The common language for ArcIMS ........................................................................... 45
Extending your ArcIMS application ........................................................................................... 45
Authoring and managing an ArcIMS Web site ......................................................................... 46
ArcIMS clients ................................................................................................................................ 47
What is g.net? ................................................................................................................................ 50
NOTES TO EXISTING ARCVIEW GIS USERS ........................................................ 53

Comparing ArcView GIS 3 to ArcView 8.3 ............................................................................ 53
Organization of ArcView GIS 3 ................................................................................................. 54
Organization of ArcView 8.3 ..................................................................................................... 55
Comparison of key concepts ..................................................................................................... 56
ArcView extensions at 8.3 ......................................................................................................... 56
Importing ArcView GIS 3 projects and legends into ArcMap ............................................ 57
New features and functionality beyond ArcView GIS 3 ...................................................... 58
MIGRATING FROM ARCINFO WORKSTATION ....................................................... 61

Migration stages ............................................................................................................................ 62
Stage 1: Data use ............................................................................................................................ 63
Stage 2: Data management and editing ..................................................................................... 69
Stage 3: Migrating your advanced geoprocessing work to ArcGIS ................................... 76
What is ArcGIS? • iv
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symbology, map layers, custom tools and interfaces, services using ArcIMS.
reports, metadata, and so on, can be accessed
interchangeably in all three products. This means that you The capabilities of all three levels can be further extended
get the benefit of using a single architecture, minimizing using a series of optional add-on software extensions such
the need to learn and deploy several different as ArcGIS Spatial Analyst and ArcPress™ for ArcGIS. For
architectures. more information on the extension software, see ‘Optional
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W HAT IS A RC SDE?
ArcSDE is the GIS gateway to relational databases. It • Provide long transaction and version support for your
allows you to manage geographic information in your DBMS, allowing support for many GIS data
chosen DBMS and serve your data openly to management work flows.
ArcGIS Desktop, ArcIMS, and other applications.
ArcSDE is a key component in a multiuser ArcGIS • Serve multiple ArcGIS users anywhere on your
system. It provides an open interface to relational network. Centralizing your DBMS server significantly
database management systems and allows ArcGIS to enhances performance for large, multiuser systems.
manage geographic information on a variety of different • Open your ArcGIS geodatabase to other users who
database platforms including Oracle, Microsoft SQL use MapObjects®, ArcView GIS 3, and CAD
Server, IBM® DB2®, and Informix®. applications.
ArcSDE acts as the gateway between the rest of ArcGIS • Serve your data openly using ArcIMS services.
and your relational database. When you need a large,
multiuser database that can be edited and used • Build OGC-compliant applications that work with
simultaneously by many users, ArcSDE adds the necessary features in your geodatabase.
capabilities to your ArcGIS system by enabling you to
manage your shared, multiuser geodatabase in a DBMS. It • Build SQL applications that work with the tables and
does this by adding a host of fundamental GIS rows in the geodatabase.
capabilities.
ArcSDE allows you to

• Manage and maintain your geodatabase in the DBMS
of your choice.
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ArcView ArcEditor ArcInfo ArcExplorer HTML

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ArcSDE acts as the gateway between ArcGIS and your relational database.
What is ArcSDE? • 37
ArcSDE fundamental capabilities
Open DBMS ArcSDE allows you to manage geographic information in any one of four
management DBMSs:
Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Informix, or IBM DB2.
Long ArcSDE provides long transaction and version support for the DBMS. Data
transaction management work flows, such as multiuser editing, history, check-out/check-in,
support and loosely coupled replication rely on a long transaction and versioning.
High ArcSDE provides a high-performance application server that optimizes

performance specialized spatial queries and feature behavior.
and open
data access
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0DQDJHD*,6GDWDEDVHRIXQOLPLWHGVL]H To fit GIS into a coherent IT strategy

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Geodatabases can scale from small, single-user personal

Personal databases to very large enterprisewide multiuser
DBMS databases. ArcSDE enables DBMSs of any scale to be shared
by many users.
Personal geodatabase
What is ArcSDE? • 39
organization. Simply put, their GIS must adhere to IT server allows you to serve geographic data from a large,
standards, the GIS data should be managed as an integral central geodatabase on UNIX®, Linux®, and Windows
part of the organization’s data holdings, and access to servers to many users across a standard network. The
this data must be open and easy. The main role of ArcSDE Application Server is typically located on the
ArcSDE and the geodatabase is to manage the integration same hardware platform as your DBMS. The application
between a GIS and a DBMS. server configuration can offer performance advantages;
during editing, it may be faster due to the intelligent
To grow your GIS ArcSDE client/server architecture.
Geodatabases can scale from small, single-user databases
to large, enterprisewide multiuser databases. The primary
role of ArcSDE is to enable your geodatabase to be Any Client
shared by many users across any network and to scale its
size to any level necessary to meet your requirements.
TCP/IP
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options
When configuring ArcGIS for a work group, department,
or enterprise, you will need to implement a central DBMS
multiuser geodatabase. ArcGIS seats—ArcReader,
ArcIMS clients, ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo—will
Server Platform
be distributed throughout your organization, and perhaps
beyond. ArcGIS users will access shared data managed in Direct Configuration
a central geodatabase through ArcSDE.
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ArcView GIS 3 ArcView 8.3

Multiple document interface Single document interface
Project (.apr) Map Document (.mxd)
Organizes and stores information as views, tables, Disk-based representation of a map that stores your
charts, layouts, and scripts. maps, graphs, tables, and macros.
View Data Frame
Groups sets of features (themes) that are displayed Groups sets of features (layers) that are displayed
together. Has its own table of contents and display together. Listed in the main table of contents and
area. displays in the main display area.
Table of Contents Table of Contents
KEY FEATURES
Lists themes in a particular view. Lists data frames with the layers they display.
Theme Layer
Represents a set of features of the same type such Represents a set of features of the same type
as streams, lakes, or highways. Exists only within the such as streams, lakes, or highways. Persists
parent project. independently of the data frame and can be
shared with other users.
Chart Graph
Graphic representation of information about map Graphic representation of information about map
features and the relationships between them. features and the relationships between them.
Common types are line, bar, and pie charts. Common types are pie, line, and bar graphs.
Layout Map in Layout View
Arrangement of views and map elements on a page. Arrangement of data frames and map elements on a
Geographic analysis tools can't be used on a layout page. Geographic analysis tools can be used
because map elements are not "live". Multiple because map elements are "live". Layouts can be
layouts are supported. dynamically altered using map templates. Only one
layout is supported.
Avenue Script VBA Macro
A macro written using Avenue. A macro written using Visual Basic for Applications.
Select by Theme Select by Location

Selects features based on their location in relation to Selects features based on their location in relation to
features of other themes. features of other layers.
TYPICAL ACTIONS
SQL Select Select by Attribute

Selects features based on their attributes. Selects features based on their attributes.
Convert to Shapefile Data>Export
Exports selected features as a new shapefile. Exports selected features as a new layer.
Add theme Add Data
Adds a new theme to the active view. Adds a new data layer to the active data frame.
Promote Show Selected
Moves selected records to the top of the table. Shows only the selected records in a new table.

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Migrating your extensions
ArcInfo
ArcGIS Desktop Notes
Workstation
Existing ArcInfo GRID users have access to both

GRID Spatial Analyst Workstation GRID and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst.
Existing ArcInfo TIN users have access to both

TIN 3D Analyst Workstation TIN and ArcGIS 3D Analyst.
Network Analyst
Network Existing ArcInfo NETWORK users have access to both
(not available at
Workstation Network and ArcGIS Network Analyst.
version 8.3)
Existing ArcInfo ArcPress users have access to

ArcPress ArcPress ArcPress tools for both ArcInfo Workstation and
ArcGIS Desktop.
ArcScan ArcScan for Existing ArcScan for ArcGIS users have access
ArcGIS to ArcScan tools for ArcInfo Workstation, ArcEditor,
ArcInfo on ArcGIS Desktop, and ArcView.
ArcStorm is used for tile-based coverage

ArcStormTM ArcSDE management in ArcInfo Workstation for multiuser
editing. ArcStorm users will typically migrate to
using ArcSDE and the geodatabase.
COGO Core ArcEditor COGO users apply traverse and other coordinate
and ArcInfo geometry tools to edit coverages in ArcEdit. These
Desktop functions capabilities are now supported as core editing
operations in ArcEditor and ArcInfo.
More advanced survey management tools are
included with ArcGIS Survey Analyst, which is freely
available as an upgrade to all COGO users.
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Stage 1
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SURGXFWLYHEHFDXVH$UF&DWDORJZLOODXWRPDWLFDOO\SRSXODWH
PDQ\RIWKHPHWDGDWDFRQWHQWILHOGVLQKHUHQWLQ\RXU Begin data and map use applications using
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SURGXFWLYHHQYLURQPHQWLQZKLFKWRFDSWXUHGHWDLOHG the Metadata Editor in ArcCatalog.
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VHUYHLWRSHQO\DVDQ$UF,060HWDGDWD&DWDORJ6HUYLFH
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your ArcGIS users.
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Comparison of data support in ArcInfo Workstation and ArcGIS Desktop
ArcInfo Data in Notes

Workstation ArcGIS
Workspace Geodatabase An ArcInfo workspace is a file-system folder holding a

Stage 2
collection of file-based datasets (coverages, Info files, and so

on). A geodatabase is a DBMS instance holding a collection
of table-based datasets.
Coverage Feature dataset A coverage is a collection of feature classes with a very strict
specification of topological relationships. A feature dataset is a
collection of feature classes with user-defined spatial relationships
and topologies.
Coverage Geodatabase The coverage's attribute tables (PAT, AAT, and so on) in the INFO
Attribute Tables tables database are maintained separately from the geometry. In the
geodatabase, geometry and attributes are maintained in a single
DBMS table (one per feature class).
INFO tables Text files ArcGIS supports the same tables supported in ArcInfo Workstation plus
INFO tables many more formats.
DBMS table via dBASE tables
DBI DBMS tables
Any OLE DB
data source
Grids Raster dataset Supports full raster operations on numerous raster formats in
addition to grids: JPEG, ERDAS IMAGINE, TIFF, and so on, are
Images Images supported for storage and management in the geodatabase.
In ArcGIS, all geodatabase rasters (as well as file-based raster
Image Catalogs Raster catalogs datasets) can have multiresolution pyramids for efficient data use at
various map scales.
You can manage large raster datasets in the geodatabase (for
example, greater than 100 GB). They can either be tiled or
mosaicked in a single large, continuous coverage.
COGO arcs Lines with COGO COGO coverages hold arc and point feature classes that contain specific
attributes COGO attributes (such as traverse and curve properties) in the AAT and
COGO points Points with COGO PAT. Similar properties can be maintained on Line and Point feature
attributes classes in the geodatabase.
Survey dataset ArcGIS users who have Survey Analyst can manage a comprehensive
survey dataset that holds survey points, coordinates, measurements,
and computations for managing all survey information as an integral part
of the GIS. This also includes the ability to incrementally add new survey
information over time. Feature geometry can be linked to survey point
locations and adjusted.
Comparison of coverages and feature datasets

Workstation ArcGIS
Coverage Geodatabase feature * The spatial extent and coordinate system are defined
Stage 2
feature classes: classes: as part of the dataset's spatial reference. The tics could
optionally be managed as a point feature class.
Tic Point * ** With topological relationships to other line and
polygon feature classes.
Bnd * *** A label location with a topological association to its
polygon.
Arc Polyline **** The best strategy is to use generic feature classes
whenever possible to ensure support for open,
Node Point ** multipurpose, standards-based data. However, the
geodatabase is extensible and it is possible to add
Point Point custom feature classes.
Polygon Polygon
Polygon label Point***
Route Line with measures

System
Region Polygon
Annotation Annotation
NA Dimension
NA Custom features ****
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Editing work flows

Workstation ArcGIS
Stage 2
Check-out/ Supports check-out/ In ArcInfo Workstation, multiuser editing requires one copy of
Check-in check-in plus additional the features to be edited by each user. The typical
editing version-based GIS mechanism for this is to tile the GIS dataset and to have a
work flow work flows (via ArcSDE): single user edit one or more tiles of data at any point in time.
Workstation users often employ map libraries (using Map
1) Multiuser editing Library or ArcStorm) to manage the check-out/check-in
2) Persistent design process.
alternatives
3) Feature history and 1) Check-out and join.
revision info (metadata) 2) Edit coverage copy.
4) Disconnected editing 3) Check-in edited data copy.
5) Integrated field editing
via ArcPad In ArcInfo Workstation, checkouts can be made against
6) Loosely coupled ArcSDE datasets but must be converted to coverages for
replication (coming in a editing in ArcEdit.
future ArcGIS release)
In ArcGIS, multiuser editing requires the use of ArcSDE and a
DBMS to manage and store the multiuser geodatabase. The
geodatabase is not tiled; it is continuous. Any number of
editors can simultaneously edit against the multiuser
geodatabase. No data conversion is required like in ArcInfo
Workstation; the edits are made directly on the multiuser
database. Editors work with their own version (that is, only
with their changes, not everyone's changes). Multiple versions
can be reconciled against other versions and the changes can
be posted to a common version (sometimes called the default
version).
In ArcGIS, versioned databases can support numerous other

critical GIS work flows, such as history tracking and
management.
Starting points for stage 2 migration: Data
management and editing
Begin to learn, understand, and prototype Plan your long-term data migration strategy:
your use of geodatabases:
Stage 2
Begin to experiment with and use personal Determine the best data architecture for your GIS.
geodatabases. Load some sample datasets into a Should you use a small collection of personal
personal geodatabase. geodatabases? Perhaps this will be appropriate if
you have a few focused editors and smaller data
Try migrating some coverage data into feature volumes. There have been acceptable performances
datasets with topologies. Learn how to model your on personal geodatabases containing 100,000 to
geographic information. Experiment with 500,000 features and less than 1 GB in size
topologies in ArcCatalog and ArcMap. ArcEditor (Microsoft Access [MDB] database file limits are
and ArcInfo 8.3 include very good editing 2 GB). Some users can organize their GIS layers
and data management tools as well as strong into a series of personal geodatabases (one for
documentation for this. each layer) for use.
Begin to prototype your geodatabase data models. Once you prototype your data model with personal
Define feature classes, topologies, and other geodatabases, you should pilot the same
geodatabase elements in a prototype personal architecture you plan on deploying to test your
geodatabase and begin to experiment with that database architecture. Test your complete system
data model using ArcGIS Desktop. design. Use representative data volumes. Adjust
your design to work on real-world scenarios.
Seek consistency, simplicity, and openness in
your geodatabase design. Start with your existing While your implementation costs may increase, it is
coverage designs and reuse the best concepts in still strongly recommended that you implement
their designs. Experiment with sample ArcGIS ArcSDE and a DBMS for large multiuser systems.
data models. Helpful real-world data model All supported DBMS architectures will work and
implementations, diagrams, user documentation, perform quite well with ArcGIS.
and tools are available at http://support.esri.com.
Data migration often requires some custom
application development for data entry and
management work flows.

Stage 3: Migrating your advanced geoprocessing Geoprocessing
work to ArcGIS
ArcGIS
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U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED/LIMITED RIGHTS

ARCGIS DESKTOP ........................................................................................... 9

WHAT IS ARCIMS? ........................................................................................ 41

NOTES TO EXISTING ARCVIEW GIS USERS ........................................................ 53

MIGRATING FROM ARCINFO WORKSTATION ....................................................... 61

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