Free Plan Small Cabinet

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The article describes how to build a simple yet sturdy workbench and curved door cabinet using basic woodworking tools and materials.

A drill/driver, circular saw, and hand-held router or router table are the only tools needed to build the workbench.

The workbench top is made of two layers of MDF cut from a single sheet.

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TAUNTON’S

Small Stand
Aproject plan
for buildinga
curved-front
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coopereddoor

Build an Oak Bookcase


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tool in to fit marring dog hole three types, each irregular and organic 62 in.
with non- receive (asssor
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handy back 62
seem mechanical). At the top are gen- sPLash 1 in.
3/4 in. x 3 1/4 in. x 27 1/24in. Oak
jaws ty of tle curves that speed up as they move
a varie 35 ⁄16 in.
to fit 24 in. forward, each taken from a section of
11/2 in. curve. At the bottom are two arched 35 ⁄16 in. 13 ⁄4 in.
a French 1 3/4 in. x 3 in. x 26 1/2 1 ⁄ in.
in.3 4 Oak
stretcher
long curves formed with a flexible wood
batten, one extending end to end on the Oak veneer
24 in. lower stretcher, 27 ⁄8 in.and the other a short back 1ers 1/4 in. x 27 1/2 in. x 45 3/4 in. 5 ⁄8 in.
5 in.plywood
Long stretch 33 ⁄8 33
graceful arch at the bottom 10 of
in. the sides,
13 ⁄16 in. screws stretchers 3 ⁄4 in.1
3 ⁄4 in.
ending at a straight step at each end to Long FOr 30 #12 x 2 in. flat head screws 1 Steel
8 in.
27 ⁄legs.
suggest sheLVes
Side 10 in.
16 in.
13 ⁄stretch ers screws FOr
--Asa Christiana, editor, Fine Woodworking 24 #6 x 3/4 in. flat head screws Steel
back
93 ⁄16 in.
93 ⁄16 in.
Side
stretchers VideOs Go to Finewoodworking.com/start to watch a multi-part video detailing how to build this bookcase from start to finish.

41 in.
9 in.
95 ⁄8 in. 41 in.48 in.
13 ⁄16 in. .
9 in. to finish.
to finish
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Small Stand is
a Lesson in Curves
Cut joinery first, then saw the curves
B Y S T E P H E N H A M M E R

O
ne way to add interest to a case piece is to add a gentle curve to the
front plane. I wanted to explore this element of furniture making
while attending a 12-week class at the Center for Furniture Crafts-
manship in Rockport, Maine, so I designed and built this cherry cabinet, find-
ing ways to curve the door and drawers that did not require steam-bending or
veneering. The drawer fronts and the door frame are sawn out of thicker
stock, and the door panel is coopered to match that curve—methods well-
suited to the average small shop.
Arriving at a final design for a piece of furniture is often a laborious task.
However, a few preliminary steps made this process easier and more suc-
cessful. First, small thumbnail sketches allowed me to visualize the overall
form quickly and easily. The thumbnails led me to a curved-body design with
an overhanging top. Next, I drew the cabinet at quarter scale, where I set the
top height at 35 in., then determined the width of the piece.
The appearance of this cabinet depended upon the leg shape being correct.
I based the leg shape on the classical column, which curves slightly inward,
starting one-third up the column height. Called an entasis, this narrowing is
meant to keep the eye from thinking that the column is concave—an optical

A C A S E B O T T O M T H AT S TAY S P U T
Double stub tenons and tongue-and-groove joinery will keep the bottom panel flat and stable.

First, rout the mortises and Cut the tenons on the bottom Rout between the tenons to
grooves in the side assembly. panel. Transfer their layout di- form the wide tongue. Carefully
Move the router in the proper di- rectly from the mortised side as- mark the starting and stopping Test-fit the joinery. Trim the
rection, and the cutting force will sembly. Make the cheek and end points on the router-table fence. joints as necessary to eliminate
keep it pressed against its guide. cuts, then saw out the waste. any gaps between the panels.

72 FINE WOODWORKING Photo, this page (top): Rodney Diaz


CURVED-FRONT S TAND Top, 3⁄4 in. thick
Bevel, 1 1⁄2 in. wide
The stand is cherry, with book-
by 1⁄4 in. deep
matched, solid-wood panels.

Top back stretcher,


9
Back panels, ⁄16 in. thick by
1 in. 1 1 1⁄2 in. wide
⁄2 in. thick
Groove,
12 3⁄8 in. 1 Lap dovetails, 7⁄8 in. long
⁄4 in. wide
by 3⁄8 in.
Drawer deep Stiles, 5⁄8 in. thick by 1 3⁄4 in.
runners, wide by 25 9⁄16 in. long
3
⁄16 in. thick
by 1⁄2 in. wide Tongue, 1⁄4 in. thick
Radius of by 1⁄4 in. wide
Radius of drawer,
top, 31 5⁄8 in.
door, top stretcher
Side panels,
and bottom panel,
9 in. wide by
30 1⁄4 in.
27 in. tall
Top front stretcher,
9
⁄16 in. thick by 1 1⁄2 in.
Tongue, 2 3⁄8 in. wide
1 1 1⁄4 in.
⁄4 in. thick by
3
⁄8 in. long Bottom
stretchers,
5
⁄8 in. thick
Reveal, by 1 1⁄2 in.
1
⁄8 in. wide
Groove, 1⁄4 in.
wide by 3⁄8 in.
deep

Door
panel,
1
⁄2 in.
thick

Frame
tenons,
1 in. wide
by 1 in.
long

Rails, 5⁄8 in.


Stub tenons, thick by 1 3⁄4 in.
3
Door pull, ⁄8 in. wide by wide
1
1 in. by ⁄2 in. long
3 Groove for back
Rails and stiles, ⁄8 in. Tongue, 1⁄4 in. frame, 1⁄4 in. wide
3
⁄4 in. thick by thick by 1⁄4 in. by 3⁄8 in. deep Inside edges of
2 in. wide long
the legs taper
3
⁄8 in. beginning
Haunched 1 1⁄2 in. at the bottom of
Case bottom,
tenons, 1⁄4 in. 7 the case.
15 1⁄8 in. 20 1⁄2 in. ⁄8 in. thick by 1 5⁄8 in.
3 in. thick by
12 in. deep at
1 in. long
ends

1 1⁄8 in.
1 1⁄4 in.

19 9⁄16 in. 34 1⁄4 in. Outside of


legs curve DOOR-FRAME DETAIL Haunched Stile
inward 3⁄8 in. Grooves and mortises in 1 7⁄8 in. Rail tenon
beginning the stiles are square, and
11 in. from
the tenons meet the stiles
the bottom.
squarely. The curve in the Mortise
7 1⁄4 in. rail is cut on the bandsaw. Groove

12 in. 14 in.
M AY / J U N E 2 0 0 3 73
C U R V E D D R AW E R F R O N T S

2 1⁄2 in. Bottom, 3⁄8 in. thick,


is rabbeted 1⁄8 in. to
fit 1⁄4-in. groove.

Groove for drawer


runner, 1⁄2 in. wide
by 3⁄16 in. deep by
9 3⁄4 in. long

Groove,
1
⁄4 in. wide
by 3⁄16 in.
deep Sides and
back, 3⁄8 in.
thick

Side
Drawer
Drawer pull, 5⁄8 in.
front
thick by 1⁄2 in. wide by
2 in. long

TEMPLATE FOR THE FRONT CURVE


The drawer fronts, the door, the top Drawer front,
3
⁄4 in. thick by
front stretcher and the bottom panel 3 in. wide 2 in.
all share the same curve. Use a piece
of template stock long enough to con-
tain the curve’s center point. illusion that happens when a column’s 1 7⁄8 in.
sides are parallel.
A piece often changes when you take Cut half-blind dovetails from square stock
before curving the front on the bandsaw.
it off paper and put it into three dimen-
sions. To work out the leg details, I
made a full-scale mock-up in poplar, panel back. (The grain of the top, sides and
filling in the rest of the cabinet with bottom runs in the same direction, so it will
cardboard cutouts. I curved the outside expand and contract together.) The front
of the legs gently to the top, reducing door is a curved frame and panel, and the
the overall thickness by 3⁄8 in. The bot- two drawers are side-hung.
tom inside edges of the legs taper I often buy 12/4 or larger lumber and re-
toward the floor, starting from the case saw everything I need out of a few planks to
bottom. I tried different door and get consistent grain and color. When milling
drawer dimensions by drawing them the stock, leave it 1⁄8 in. oversize in width
onto the cardboard. and thickness and 1 in. oversize in length,
It may seem like a lot of extra work to then stack and sticker the pieces for about
build a mock-up, but the process saves a week so that air can circulate around
time during construction because you them. If the boards move during that time,
can focus on building the piece instead there still will be enough wood left to cor-
of revising its design. Also, you can refer rect slight cupping or twisting.
to the mock-up for dimensions. My final Begin construction of the case by assem-
Make a simple curve-cutting jig with step was a full-scale drawing to work out bling the sides. I used biscuits to register
a stick clamped to the saw table and the joinery details. the panel flush to the legs on the inside
a screw driven through the pivot plane of the cabinet. Before the panel and
point. The blade should be buried about
halfway into the stick. Pivoting the work-
Choose wood carefully legs are glued up, shape the legs on the
piece delivers a smooth, uniform curve. and then build the case bandsaw and smooth the curves and ta-
The case consists of two solid sides joined pers with a handplane and scraper. Use
to the legs, a solid bottom and a frame-and- double-faced tape to mate the legs for

74 FINE WOODWORKING Drawings: Bob La Pointe


First, lay out the curve. This will determine Cut all of the tails, then transfer the lay- Cut the front curve on the bandsaw. Cut
how deep the dovetails can go. out to the drawer front. Clamp the drawer right to the line, then smooth the curve with a
front flush with the benchtop. block plane and sandpaper.

shaping on the bandsaw, and then clamp


them together for the handwork.
Before the sides were glued up, I put a
handplaned surface on all parts. I also pre-
finished as much as possible before glue-
up. Prefinishing makes glue cleanup easier
and protects the surfaces. I recently have
begun using Tried & True Varnish Oil for
all of my work. It is pleasant to work with
and safe for kitchen pieces.

Joinery is next—Once the side panels


have been glued up, do all of the joinery
for the case. Two stretchers dovetailed to
the tops of the legs anchor the top to the
case. The front stretcher is curved with
the front plane of the cabinet.
First, cut the dovetails on the ends of the
stretchers. Then transfer their shapes to
the legs using a sharp knife. I used a
plunge router freehand to rough out the
sockets in the legs, getting close to the line
and then finishing with a chisel.
The bottom stretchers and the case bot-
tom are joined to the legs with double mor-
tise and tenons. This strong joint helps
counteract the racking forces that can
weaken a cabinet over time. The case bot-
tom is joined to the side panels with a wide
tongue and groove to counteract warping.
The bottom stretchers are not needed to
support the side-hung drawers, but they
stiffen up the cabinet. The front one also
acts as a doorstop, so it is set back from the
front plane of the cabinet and holds a rare-
earth magnet that acts as a catch for the
door. The door also receives a magnet.
Use a plunge router fitted with an edge An easy way to cut the inside curve. Lay out the desired curve. Then ride the rip fence as
guide and a 1⁄4-in. up-cutting spiral bit to cut shown to follow that curve, creating a consistent thickness. Use the offcut as a sanding block.

Photos, except where noted: Asa Christiana M AY / J U N E 2 0 0 3 75


A C O O P E R E D D O O R PA N E L

1. MAKE A CLAMPING FORM AND MARK OUT THE STAVES


Coopering is a way to create a curved, book-matched panel from solid stock.
After assembling a clamping form based on the curve template, lay out the
overall width of the curved panel, then divide the arc into six even sections.

Side is
Form is based screwed
on the curve into each
template. section.

30 1⁄4-in. Figure out sections and angles right on


radius Six even the form. Use a center divider to draw lines
sections
Edge of panel straight down from each division.

all of the mortises. The fronts of the legs of the side panels to accommodate the inet’s front plane. I made a template first,
can be used as square reference surfaces tongue on the case bottom. large enough to hold the center point.
for the edge guide. With the mortises and grooves complete,
Nothing ruins work faster than a router it is time to cut and fit all of the double Make the back
gone awry, so move the router in the di- tenons and tongues. First, use a marking and assemble the cabinet
rection that keeps the fence pulled tightly knife to transfer the measurements for the Before the case can be assembled, you
against the leg. Plunge-cut the front and tenons directly from the mortises. Cut and must make the frame-and-panel back, cut
back of each mortise, then remove the dry-fit all of the joinery. If any of the shoul- a tongue around its outside edge and cut a
center material. Finally, take a pass through ders are not tight, use a chisel to pare them groove for it in the back of the case—in the
the entire mortise to clean up the sides. back, angling the shoulder inward so just bottom, in the legs and in the stretcher. An-
Next, cut 1⁄4-in. grooves into the bottom its edge meets the mating piece. other option would be to forgo the tongue
Finally, shape the front edge of the bot- and glue the back into a simple rabbet in
tom panel to the 301⁄4-in. radius of the cab- the back of the case.

A curved door frame


Because the stiles are basically square, cutting their grooves and mortises is straightforward.
But the curved rails—with angled tenons and a groove that follows the curve—are trickier.

Cut the tenons on the rails while the Curved fence to rout a curved groove. After
stock is square. Make the cheek cuts cutting and smoothing the curves in the rails,
first (left), then make the shoulder cuts use the curve template to make a curved fence
(above). for the router table. Keep the workpiece steady
on the table as you slide it along the fence.

76 FINE WOODWORKING
2. BEVEL AND GLUE THE STAVES

Use a sliding
bevel to transfer
the angle from
the clamping
form to the
jointer fence.

Joint and rip the staves. First,


Use a sliding bevel to find the angle for rip the staves on the bandsaw to
jointing and ripping the staves. Balance minimize waste and preserve the
the tool on the center of a section as shown grain match across the panel. Next,
to find the angle. bevel one edge of each strip on
the jointer (above). Finally, bevel the
second edge on the tablesaw (below)
During glue-up, assemble everything but to ensure parallel edges.
the back panel and the top back stretcher.
Then you can slide in the back panel and Tilt the saw-
glue the stretcher in place on top of it. blade to the
For the back panel, I resawed a board to same angle to
bevel the
create a book-match, and then I crosscut second edge.
the panel to form top and bottom sec-
tions. I used mortise-and-tenon joinery
for the frame. Rabbet the edges of the
panels to fit a groove in the frame, but
leave a 1⁄8-in. gap all the way around for
expansion and contraction. It also makes
an attractive shadow line.

Build the curved-front drawers


The main feature of this cabinet is the
curved front. You should start with the
drawers, then fit the door once the drawers
have been installed.
It is important to cut all of the dovetails
for the drawers before shaping the curved
fronts. It is much easier to lay out and cut
dovetails in square parts. I used standard
half-blind dovetails in the front and
through-dovetails in the back. Mark the
curves on the fronts before laying out the
half-blinds. This ensures that the tails don’t
break through when you are shaping the
front. I prefer the pins to be very narrow
and unequal in their spacing so there is no
mistaking that they are hand-cut.
For the half-blind dovetails at the front,
mark the pins from the tails with a knife,
then use a router freehand to waste out as Glue up the panel. Lay the staves on the form to make sure all of the joints close perfectly. Use
much of the socket as your nerves can han- bar clamps and strap clamps as shown to draw the staves together and down against the form.
dle before finishing with a chisel. For all Use a yellow glue with extended working time.

M AY / J U N E 2 0 0 3 77
COOPERED DOOR
(continued)

Smooth the panel across the


grain. On the outside (right),
take off the corners with a
block plane until you don’t hear
or feel any bumping. Then
switch to scraper and sand-
paper. On the inside (below), a
card scraper quickly turns six
flats into a smooth curve.

dovetails, I try to do as little paring as pos- block to set up the tablesaw for a stopped Be careful here: You must cut a curved
sible. It is important to mark accurately, groove in the sides of the drawers. Locate groove in the rails and a straight groove in
then cut right to the line. By the way, lay the runner for the bottom drawer first, the stiles, and the grooves must mate pre-
out the dovetails so that the groove for the placing the spacer block on the middle cisely at the corners. The groove in the
drawer bottom doesn’t hit any of the pins. frame member. After that drawer has been curved rails can be made on the router
With the dovetails cut, you can shape the hung, use the spacer to measure up from table, using a curved fence (see the bottom
drawer fronts. Rough-cut the shape on the top of it. For each of the runners, the right photo on p. 76).
the bandsaw, and then finish the work with front screw can be fixed, but the rear screw
a handplane and scraper. I like to curve the hole must be slotted to let the case side ex- Coopering the panel—The panel is
inside of the drawer front as well for a pand and contract. coopered to fit inside the shaped frame.
more refined look, although this means the Using the frame as your pattern, trace the
drawer bottom also must have a curved Cut the door joinery, curve on paper and build a simple clamp-
edge. After laying out the inside curve, use then add the curves ing form (see the drawing on p. 76). The
the bandsaw’s rip fence to make the cut As with the drawer fronts, the door curve is form curves outward, not inward, so you
(see the bottom photo on p. 75). Then use shaped after the joinery has been complet- can see if the visible glue joints are coming
the offcut as a sanding block. ed. Mill the rails and stiles thick enough to together properly.
Next, cut the groove in the front and the contain the curve, then mark out the curve Use the form to determine the size and
sides for the drawer bottom using a 1⁄4-in. and mortise-and-tenon joinery. Lay out the bevel angle for each piece, or stave. I wanted
bearing-guided slot cutter in the curved tenon shoulders on an angle that will meet the panel to be book-matched, so I re-
drawer front. Cut the drawer back short the stiles squarely. That way, the edges of sawed a board into two thinner pieces and
enough to let the bottom run under it. The the stiles can be square, and its mortises then cut three strips from each. I used a
grain must run across the width of the and groove will be easy to cut. The rail is combination of bandsaw, jointer and table-
drawer so that the bottom can expand where the joinery gets more complex. saw to mill the pieces to size and bevel
toward the back. Now you can cut the frame members to the edges, minimizing waste to maintain the
The drawers ride on runners that are rough shape on the bandsaw. The inside grain match between them.
screwed to the interior of the cabinet, so and outside of each rail can be shaped and Position the boards on the form to check
you’ll have to rout grooves into the sides of smoothed with the same techniques used the joints. If necessary, do some fine-tuning
the drawers. After the drawers have been on the drawer fronts. with a handplane to ensure the joints fit
assembled, use a spacer block to locate the When the curved frame is smooth and perfectly. You can glue up the entire panel
drawer runners. Then use the same spacer even, cut the grooves for the door panel. at once, using bar clamps to pull all of the

78 FINE WOODWORKING
pieces together and strap
clamps to keep them from
opening outward.
After the panel has been
glued up, smooth the
beveled surfaces to a fair
curve. Shape the panel us-
ing a handplane and a
scraper, then sand. After
sanding I used Abralon
pads up to 4,000 grit to give
With the concave side down, trim the panel Rabbet the curved edge. Use a good dado set and keep the it a polished look. Last, glue
to size. Use a sled for crosscutting, with the panel in contact with the table at the cutting point. The rabbet
up the door and bevel its
blade at its highest point. also may be cut on the router table.
edges to fit the opening.
Rare-earth magnets serve as door catches.
Bore a hole in the door and cabinet frames
to accommodate the magnet and a wood
plug above. With the magnet in place, bore
a larger hole for the plug to create a better
glue surface. Trim the plug flush and cover
it with a circle of leather, which gives the
door a soft stop.
Attach the door using high-quality butt
hinges mortised into the frame (see FWW
#159, pp. 52-57). I inset the door 1⁄8 in.,
making the necessary adjustment to the
hinge mortise on the door.

Top off the cabinet


The only things left to do are the top and
the pulls. The top is book-matched, glued
up and then shaped. Bevel the underside
of the right and left sides. The front edge
overhangs the drawers by 13⁄8 in., so its ra-
dius is that much larger.
The finish on the top is critical, because
any flaws will be reflected. Make sure you
have lots of light when doing the smooth-
ing. Then screw the top onto the top
stretchers from beneath. It will move in the
same direction as the rest of the case, so
you don’t have to slot the screw holes.
The final touch for this piece is to add
carved ebony pulls. Getting the design
right for these was a long and frustrating
ordeal, but they are one of my favorite ele-
ments. I cut the facets on the bandsaw and
formed the curves with a sanding drum.
Leave small tenons on them to mortise into
the door and drawers. 

Stephen Hammer is a furniture maker in


Prefinish the panel and dry-fit the door. Use a shoulder plane to fine-tune the joinery. Brooklyn, N.Y.

M AY / J U N E 2 0 0 3 79

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