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    The document discusses different schools of thought and approaches in psychology including: 1. Cognitive psychology which studies thinking and perception. 2. Humanism which believes psychology should focus on human experience rather than scientific facts or human flaws. 3. Psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious desires, internal conflicts, and exploring past experiences to understand illness. 4. Behaviorism which applies principles of reinforcement and believes human behavior can be studied scientifically through direct observation.

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    Siddhant Dwivedi
    64 views6 pages
    The document discusses different schools of thought and approaches in psychology including: 1. Cognitive psychology which studies thinking and perception. 2. Humanism which believes psychology should focus on human experience rather than scientific facts or human flaws. 3. Psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious desires, internal conflicts, and exploring past experiences to understand illness. 4. Behaviorism which applies principles of reinforcement and believes human behavior can be studied scientifically through direct observation.

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    The document discusses different schools of thought and approaches in psychology including: 1. Cognitive psychology which studies thinking and perception. 2. Humanism which believes psychology should focus on human experience rather than scientific facts or human flaws. 3. Psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious desires, internal conflicts, and exploring past experiences to understand illness. 4. Behaviorism which applies principles of reinforcement and believes human behavior can be studied scientifically through direct observation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views6 pages

    Sample

    Uploaded by

    Siddhant Dwivedi
    The document discusses different schools of thought and approaches in psychology including: 1. Cognitive psychology which studies thinking and perception. 2. Humanism which believes psychology should focus on human experience rather than scientific facts or human flaws. 3. Psychoanalysis which focuses on unconscious desires, internal conflicts, and exploring past experiences to understand illness. 4. Behaviorism which applies principles of reinforcement and believes human behavior can be studied scientifically through direct observation.

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    of 6

    CHAPTER

    1
    Schools of Thought

    1. Jill wants to study the process of thinking. Which field of psychology


    should she choose?
    (A) Cognitive
    (B) Social
    (C) Personality
    (D) Learning
    (E) Perception

    2. I believe people choose to live meaningful lives. I share many of the same
    beliefs as Carl Rogers. Most important, I believe many people have the
    ability to reach self-actualization. Who am I?
    (A) Wertheimer
    (B) Skinner
    (C) Maslow
    (D) Terman
    (E) Seligman

    3. Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?


    (A) John Watson
    (B) William James
    (C) Ivan Pavlov
    (D) Max Wertheimer
    (E) Sigmund Freud

    4. Which of the following psychologists wrote The Principles of Psychology?


    (A) William James
    (B) Wilhelm Wundt
    (C) John Watson
    (D) Sigmund Freud
    (E) Max Wertheimer

    ❮1
    5. Psychology is considered a science mainly because it relies on direct
    observation. Which field of psychology supports this?
    (A) Behaviorism
    (B) Psychodynamic psychology
    (C) Social psychology
    (D) Cognitive psychology
    (E) Structuralism

    6. Which of the following best defines eclectic psychology?


    (A) fte study of animal instinct
    (B) fte study of child development
    (C) fte study of abnormal behavior
    (D) fte study of a variety of theories within the field
    (E) fte study of the human brain and central nervous system

    7. Psychoanalytic psychology focuses mainly on:


    (A) Rewards and punishments
    (B) Self-esteem and self-actualization
    (C) Biology and genetics
    (D) Internal conflict and unconscious desires
    (E) Sensation and perception

    8. One major criticism of Ivan Pavlov’s concept of classical conditioning was


    that:
    (A) It did not take into account voluntary human behavior.
    (B) It was unethical to use dogs in a psychology experiment.
    (C) It did not take into account involuntary behavior.
    (D) fte findings overlapped with other fields of psychology.
    (E) It did not relate to human behavior.

    9. Which of the following psychologists was a structuralist?


    (A) John Watson
    (B) Wilhelm Wundt
    (C) William James
    (D) Max Wertheimer
    (E) Sigmund Freud
    Schools of Thought ❮ 3

    10. fte use of rewards, punishments, and positive reinforcement is an example


    of which field of psychology?
    (A) Personality
    (B) Behavioral
    (C) Social
    (D) Cognitive
    (E) Psychoanalytic

    11. “Give me a dozen healthy infants and my own special world to bring
    them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to
    become any type of specialist, . . . lawyer, doctor . . .” What psychological
    approach would support this statement?
    (A) Cognitive
    (B) Structural
    (C) Functional
    (D) Behavioral
    (E) Psychoanalytic

    12. Who was considered the father of psychology?


    (A) James
    (B) Wundt
    (C) Wertheimer
    (D) Freud
    (E) Kohler

    13. One major difference between structuralism and functionalism is:


    (A) Structuralists analyze all mental elements, while functionalists analyze
    only some elements.
    (B) Structuralists believe all behaviors stem from the evolutionary process.
    (C) Structuralists wish to divide the mind into mental elements while
    functionalists believe behavior helps an organism adapt to the
    environment.
    (D) Only functionalists believe in the importance of introspection.
    (E) Structuralists try to manipulate the mind in order to understand
    behavior, while functionalists study the conscious mind to understand
    behavior.
    14. fte idea that psychology is not based on scientific fact or human
    shortcomings but instead should focus on human experience is the basis
    for which psychological approach?
    (A) Cognitive psychology
    (B) Structuralism
    (C) Behaviorism
    (D) Functionalism
    (E) Humanism

    15. Clients who work with their therapists to explore their past to discover the
    source of their illness would be seeking what type of therapy?
    (A) Psychoanalytic
    (B) Humanist
    (C) Cognitive
    (D) Eclectic
    (E) Behavioral

    16. Psychodynamic psychology focuses mainly on which of the following?


    (A) Free will and self-actualization
    (B) Experiments in controlled settings
    (C) fte collective unconscious
    (D) ftoughts, impulses, and desires beyond the conscious being
    (E) Practical introspection

    17. A developmental psychologist focuses mainly on:


    (A) fte conscious experiences of an infant
    (B) fte manner in which a child develops the ability to speak, learn, and
    understand the world around him or her
    (C) fte mental process that helps a young person adapt to his or her
    environment
    (D) fte identification of one’s environment and response to the
    environment
    (E) Experiments that emphasize actual behavior, rather than controlled
    settings

    18. Phenomenology is best defined as:


    (A) fte study of natural, unanalyzed perception
    (B) fte process of thinking and memory
    (C) fte study of psychological mental health
    (D) fte study of language development
    (E) fte process of consistent patterns and organized sets
    Schools of Thought ❮ 5

    19. fte term biological psychology is concerned with:


    (A) Aggression and sexual behavior
    (B) Depression and anxiety
    (C) Genetics and the nervous system
    (D) Social anxiety
    (E) Drug treatment

    20. A case study is:


    (A) A primary tool for investigation into a client’s unconscious through
    dream analysis and free association
    (B) A study done over an entire life span of one individual, giving the
    psychologist detailed information of one’s psyche
    (C) A study that exposes the subject to some event and measures coping
    skills
    (D) An independent study used outside the natural environment of the
    subject
    (E) A comparative study of various people of different ages at the same
    time

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