I

K6vrgo
Md[cg
2r,ulxi1
A. >YNTOMH OEAPIA

K6vtpo prdr[og Eoro olorqpc N otrrpou6i<rw,to xc06vc an6 tc ono[c

61et pd(c mi Q= 1,2,-..,N) xcr, q 06o1 rolJ rxQoo8toQ(e,ercl
on6 ro dwopc
06oqE4 mo o$or1uo mrrerc'yp6vtov nol rrtlu€youpe.T6re oro [6to orimn-
po oul'[€royp6vrrlv to ctwoy.c 06ongrou n6wQotl l.to(cE rol ouorripctog r"
8ivercr on6 rq o16o1:
NN
2mir, 2miri
.NM (1.1)
Z Ini

6n('i.M rto)'r,xriu.dLcrou *-ri**or.

fio X(i)Qo
)rl yevr,xrineglnrrrrolnou rc oorpcrl6uce(,vatxdrovepnu.cva n
(
oxforl l. I ) €ivcrloobrivdpl[r€ rtg oxfo€t5:
t2 ZYtrroMH @EaPrA

6xots xi, yi, zi o[ xoexeorrveEmrvtordreEToudMrou.aroEri, .".'t(bxc, yc wJL

zcor,or.rwercyufveE Touowop(rrog rc.
)tqv neglnr<oo1Jrou6xoul,r€ d1r,otoptnl6rn,c]'lc oweXi xcrcvoprl pd-
EcE (oreee6 o6pa), or otwrfido€E rol o.vriopcrog0€016rou n6wpon pd(cg
6(vowcl cn6 rlE o1€oer,E:

6rto\t x, y, z ououweroylr6veE rqE ororyexbdouglttlo.g dn, ev<irro oripBol,o

J17y;olg.civel 6rr ro oqrop.6vo o)'oxi,rgqqrcunol.oyi,(ero.u
oro 6pr.crou ltir-
Qou rou xc, c)'crp$dv€[
I tuiqa M.
Mrroeoliu€ebdrvc ldvoupe rq sEligrroeorne{oers:
1) >rnv r[€Qar[rtoon Jrouro o$or1paoopart,6lov(ro o6pa) 61er,6ucord.-
ostEtrol1, prxB,6tegeg a:r6 rqv cxr(vc r4g TnE,ro ,t6vreopd(cg oulrrirrreupe
ro #vrqo BdqotE.
2) H 6wo|,a <r(€wQoFriEoE>Ufio-
qei vo lglolponoqeel oe oforqpa oto-
partbtov, F6vo cv rc oorprcr[8raxl-
vorh4cr l-r€rcxu4re5 rolt prxqoreqeg
dr6 q raxu[rpa rou gor6E.

Pon{ 66vtrp4E. Eoro oriorlpa

onwstcyp,6v0wpe aexf ro O xcr 6ri-
vapl f (Fi,.0X.1.1).
T6re qoc{ rqE 6tvcpr6 116rqoE to
zxipa 1.1 O ovo|rdgsxarro dlruopo:
KENtPo MAzAt ZTATIKH t3

Erop6vrrrEI Qoni elvoudwopc xdOerooro enfunDorou oe(,Eowrc r

p6tpo(0)'.oX.l.l):
xor Frdr ri1er,
r = rFsin9'=rFsin9= Fb.
ovol,ld(erarncu4g$opgqr4ovcgrqE6rivcpr;E.
H b ouvri0trrg

Ioopporia oorpntfiou. xrop,or(6ro, oro onoio aoroirwcr,6wdperg,toog-

proreir1xrvei,rcl;reorc0eei rcxrnfic, cv yucro orivo)'or()v 6wd[€(l)v toxuet:

6Ttl.abi

Iooggoltic ouorliparog (otegeoi orilrctog). xriorqptcoropurlblrov

(m€ee6o6po) rooeQorelri exre]'eiogc]'{ percrpopr,x{ ,vrpq r6re xcr pdvo
r6re,cv lo1tieu
1ucruE6wdperg:
II
I
xdr yrc rrg gon6gr<ovbwdpeov o5 n6rogruXclo o4pelo

'Orcv
Tq${. 2 o6paxa nou elvcr,oe eiratpi relvow vc xrvrlgor.]vro 6vo
pe
o€ ox6ol ro dl.l"o,cvdpeodroug coxe[ror 6wapq n ofioi,aovoudEetdt0r1-
vcpq rgrfriE olio0qor6
Ar,o.xqivoupe 6rio e[6nret,Btirv:
c) rq orcrlxri re6{,
0) rrry rBt,0i oLloftolE.
lcBcxrqqlhtcr,aro rov (c6rdmaro)ouwcleorrirqfrig.
H rqr,flr1
t4 NAPAAEIfMATA

Em(l) &: o ouweleoriE orornirlg xeqB{E,KtLp,oo orrvl€lEonigrQrpig o_

)rlo0norygr 6uo eqc.rr6geveg mr,@vemg.
T6rs yto xl orcuzri rqrprflnoo coxeiro.loro o<irpcI 0c 61oupe:

xcr yra rrJvrqr${ oltoOrpry

6nou N r; ndeeq 6rivc1.l4nou coxel ro otilpc 2 oto egurropevo pl, cur6

odpo l.
2rq levtx{ neq(nar4 pzrpota,aL pit},wta p6<p2.
Xrq cox{oe6 nou cxoi,ouOorivourni0<ogOecoporipe

Pz=Po=P.

B. TIAPAAEIIMATA

11 Aemog opoy€vligOaolioEariravaER €X€l

2tlDii,rzdf
onri amiwg r, ro x6wB,orqE oloi,cg c-
frWeLL on6 ro ldwqo rou 6[or<ou (W. aX.t.Z).
Ynotroylom q Oriolrou xewpou g.d(cErou o<ir-
|rcToEau[ou.
Aforl3 An6 l|; oupperplc rou ol(ripcrogei-
vcr xorcvolr6 n<lEq 06onrou K.M. rou o6pa-
roE ec fuloxercr, oro olpeio C orqv nqro6nrcorl
zYipa 1.2 qE eifelcE OO' rou oUv66er rc 2 xdvrpc (p],.
ox. 1.3).
Av 0 €lrnr n r[uavdflForou ul.rr{olixouo6ua-
roE UaEI ;rdfc rou 0c eivcr,:
= pt = np(R2_F)h,
1y1
6'[ou ,, ro ndxoErou 6[oxou.
Oeogotpe 6ioxo tou i6mr ndloug, xcrc-
ot{€lraolavoon6 ro iSto u]utr{.o,
xor,cx1(,vaEr. H
pdlc rou 0c e[,vcr,:
zxtw t.3 m=plt'=spr2fi.
KEt'ffPo MAZA2 ZrA'I'tK4

q or{'
Tonooerorige ro 6i'oxo orn6 6xot',6ott vo xc)'uqe€i'
ttou tlQo6xw€ 0c oup:rlrtel
Etvat t[8oQov656xt,1o K.M. rou otipcrog
'pe- to x6wqo tou 6lottou axrivag R'
x<rl rol 8loxol <r-
e',, I'o*On ou06oouge rc 0cQn rot cpllnor! od4rcrog
cn6 to xdvrqo o Tou 6[-
*rinoE ., n ouvr,otcp6vq touE eo tlQ€rtl' vo treQvd
oxou cxtivo.g R.
cnore)'ekcr ur6 toug
>to oxiua 1.4 €Xoup€prcr ropri tou od)U'oxoEnou
6rio 6i,oxou5xard pft(oE rrlE eroelcE OO' '
To ltcwQo PdL061o! t()'nQouE
Eiorot otr €lvar ro (4 0). Ero$€-
v(,)g0a loxutl:

o = x "^ = M x - m L =
M+m

a = P!,a
l1tfia Y =!1 |
M

xou telulxd
,npa 1.4 '1 2 , L .
x=
R2 -12

gaB6oE prixolg l6Xe[ tlrJ}rv6flFa trou 6iv€1cl

>2 A€rtli Pn ouoYevrlE
cn6 tq o16on
p(x) = p6 + Qgx,

6nou e0Tv(l)orrirdl x n cn6orcoq cn6 to 6vadlQo rqg'

Bqttre q 06onrou x6vrQouptilcE r1g'
oxliuo 1'5' 6-
Ariorl: Toroeeroup.ero oriorlpc ouwetclpfvtrrv ortog'oto
rou O to fuao 0J[6 ro onolo UetQorlpe ro x xot oro oroi'o q ru|otq[a'
oripgtrlvc
- 'ju perc 6e6opevctou ngopi'rilntoEei'vatp9'
*o*""n x on6 ro o nclpvor4rt orotleuibeErpliu'a xlE Qd06oulrti-
rouE dx. Av 4 6raropf tnq Qo-
[j6ou eivot t r6rt n oxotxeto-
6nE UaEarou qrlpctoE 0c e[-
vcL:
dm=edV=A(x)Sdx.
Afi6 To Y€vw6 TrIJto Tto lov
EXt tlJ 1.5 nqoobt ogloP6 xou xrivxQou Po-
 16 NAPAAEITMATA

Cdg6xoupe:

Ernto),cpBloxoupe:
IL
| /t r * x 1-a' x=\l"x+ _ 3 l l ' = J-r
J, t/ 2Ll'
"-,
IL
I x ! t * xL1t a x= \(24 * jx1r| )ol ' = s 1 z
lo, 6-

Agc rel.r,xc x-.9= 5 L .

13 Bpelrero x6wpo pdlcE ]''urroriopoyevotEqplxrx],lou cxrivcE R.

Airo4: And rq oupperpic ror oxiBoxoE(B),.oX. 1.6) e(,vcr,xcrcvonr6

n(t)gro r{€weopd(cg 0c pqlorercr fiov dEovoy.
>€ or6oraon y an6 q Bdol ogiloupe le:rrrj [riv1 n],riroug dy. Elval
rreoqav6Err<oEro K.M. rng E6vlE Bqloxercr,otov rilovc y, 1 6e (rrrq p:ro_
e€i,va 0€oQne€[oQeoy6vrofiaQo],]"r;],"urlne8o.
H ororyeurirbrg
pdlc r4g (tinr6 0c eivcr,
dm=qdV=2phxdy.
v To xdvrqropdlcE rolJ 4-
0a ei,val
l..nnD{}uiou

tt
v R.. l M ,ro. - ! t lrh
Mt
\ "v t. .= t , M

o x x
1,,,*
Ofiou M rt po.Earou, 6ql,c-
2y4pa 1.6 6tl
KEtrrPo MAzAz 'fATtKH t7

M = 6, xrR2
-2

Erop6voE 0a.€Xolp,e
t = ^ . [*
I ydm 2ah I xydy.
l,r, Jo
Mnoqoripe
r6eo vo.XQrlorFono[rioorp€ (13],.
ro Frrdoxnportop6 oX. 1.6)
x = Rcosg,y=Rsinq,
oJr6T€
JrclQvoup€
t t'2
= 2 phn3
Nm = 2ohR3| sinq cos2cpdE
I
Itrt Jo "
xcr rslrxd
,, -4 R
JJT

14 Bqeite ro x6vrQ'opri(cg luwori mfu€bouo1ri1rarog

rou exa rrl 1roe-
Qn loooxelouSrQrYdvor nuouE H.

Arloq: Ontogxal oro JreonyoupevoncB,cbelypc slvorreogov€6ntoEro

K.M. ga 0Qi,ox€rar
mov dEovdrov y (p?..o1. 1.7).
EQyaE6pevor ndQo;ro(,tr4
Bql,oxoupe:
dm = 2ehxdy,

M=LhoLH.
2-
6rou I n p<ioqrou Loooxel.ouE rBr,ytir-
vou.
AJroro oxn[a. troyo rns ogor,orqrcE
rorvrquldlvorv,
Bqi,oxoupe:
y = H
_x=yL
XLQ2H

Enop6v(l)E:
t tH
I vdm=o
- hLl ,24, = I p117gz.
txiqa 1.7 |
JI
Hl 3-
M ) JO
t8 IIAPAAEITMATA

'Eloupe
)'omov
t
II vd.
t"=""h =3r.
pcLcgolroyevou5
15 Bqelrero xevrQro oregtouotil;r.croE
nou cuorel.eircr
crr6 nril.lvbqo lr{roug H p€ Biol cxri.vcg R xal ar6 n-
pr,oqc[,qr,o cxrlvcg R (0I. oX. 1.8).
R
Arioq: To ap6B1"r;pcp"nogelerixo].n vc ],u0ei,cv
elerdooupe ro odrptc p,aE oc.v ofvo)'o 2 oropdrow,
rou xul,iv6qou rcl. Tou lprogateio'u, nou 61orw pd(eE
H MKrrd. MH a1'IiaroL:/{o.
To K.M. rou xuhiv6qouftg[,oxrtcLnqoqcvd4 oro
x€vreo rou, En).c6i oe -6,1)0S H/2 cn6 rq puoq xcr
rav(l) orov dEov(r.
An6 rq oupperqic xcrcl.c0ci.volpe r[(l)5ro K.M.
,xittq 1.8 rou lpuorpcqiou gc Bglcrxetcr,rd.vtrr mo! lSto dlovc.
ABxe[ ]'ourdv vc uno]'oy[,ooupe q 060l xou.
>€ uqrog y ar6 rn Baon rou np[-
opcLqlou lelupi(oupr ].enrr1 "rp6ta"
r<i1ouEdy (pL. ox. 1.9)r1v ono[o.xurd
rqrootyyrq p.nop,oripevc Oerrleiooup€
xri),r,v8qo.lt.' cur1 0c rolriel:
j1n=qjV=gnx2dy.

Xenouorolor]p€ rqv afi rxcrdorcon

x = Rcosq, y = RsinE,
zYipa t.9
o:r6te nci,qvoupe:

,r=*f"
1,,,
t'2
x2ydy= npPal cxrEsinEd(p= ! fiQR4
),, '

E€eoupsoT|,:
M. = 2 noR3.

Bqi,oxou;rel,ourov:
KET,ffPo MAZE >fAnKH 19

y"H=1R.
6

EdQoulre stlonE 6tL MK = nIQHR2.

Ilo,i,qvowcg oav aexri evdg veou ottotfpoxoE mrwrrcyp6v<ov q @oq rou
xui,lvbeou (Bi,. qq. l.l0) 61oupt:
Mxlcx + Mu!,g -
v t,,' - -
M*+ W

noHR2(Hzl + 2,xeRs(3R/8+ Hl
.3-

@
- 6H2 + 3R2+ 8RH
T2H+ 8R
Afi6 r[ ox6ol flou nQoCxWeetxola Be[-
-----'-=
oxoqre6rr:
y' "n2 R + 0 = Y . = ! n ,

>XlUal.lO
v' n H - + o = v .-=- l R .
I

16 Nc Bpeoeiro r6wq,o ptlEaEk:rrorl orlqpcroEnou €1erto q01uanpr-

czrlvcg R.
neqlqeqelcE

Atorl: Kcr, rdlt pe Biol Trt

oupperqlc Froeotpr vo noripc
noE ro r6wQo pd(cE 0c Pq(oxe-
xor o[ov Govc rov y.
Eelargi.(oupe arrelQomd[lxqo
rpritlc rou oriqpcrog $rwaus dL
(F1,.oX. l.l l). Av o eivcl q 6r,cto.
prj xcr q 1 nuw6rrpc rou otip.
Zxqpal.l I paroE,lrroQotp€vc TQdrpoup€:
7p = podL.
Elvcr 6prog rgoqcv6g cn6 ro oxiua 6rr
20 NAPAAEITMATA

dL = Rd9.
Eropev(l)E(06rovrcEy = P515ry'
t -t"
I ydn = poR'zlsin)d|= 2eoR2
l,r, Jo
Ei,vcl nprorpcvfEnog
M = neoR.
Aec
,, _2R
1t

!7 AeGre 6rr yra N opoeriJre6egorn"rg€loloeg(aou 8reexowdt aro ro

i,6roonpelo)oro O &.wdp€[5,txcvdgxct <rvcyxc[eEow0rlxeEtooQqori.ag€i.-
vot o[:
IN \ /N \
0) I.t 41,= o. l2,l^ =o.
\i= r / \t=I ,

/N I IN I
0r l) r,l.= o . lZ t,l, = s'
\i=r /^ \i=r l"
6r[0r r or,eoJr6gxor A, B ol[0io rou €r[fi66ou sxroE Tou c(ovc y, ev6 rc
O, A xa[ B 6ev pqioxowcr,oe Frc aleelo.

Afo4: c) Iolrieu

l ) n l = ) r , ,= n , = o , ( 1 . 2 1

6rou Rx n neoFol.riqE ouvlortr-

p6v1g6riv<lp1g
orov dlovc x.
'Elorpe (BI.oX.1.12)
en[oqE

l2 til^ = Z r,o =

= ) rlax F, =

NN
= 2,coxFi= Ao x -t4 =
2xipa l.l2 i=l i=l
KEttrPo MAzAz 'TATIKH 2I

=AOxR=0.
Aoyo rng(1.2)0n e[vcr,:
R=JR.
Apc 0c rg€:rer,:
R(AOxj)=o.
Aur6 0c. loliel p6vo cv:
i) H (AO) = 0, a}.}d ro O 6ev oulltrirror $s ro A.
A 'Oprrrg
il) To AO // j . d]16 rr,g ow-
0fxeq rou fiaoplrlporoE ro A 6ev pBi,-
o)(€Tororov 0Eov(Iy.
iii) R = 0. Aur6 )r(lr [oXUe[.
Eg' 6oov n ouvrm0p.6vnrov o1)-
vre€Xouodv buvdpeov civor pn66v, or
Ouvdpelg0n loogqonouv.
'On<og
0) xcr. orlv r[€Qirlr(')on a) ga
JrQefiel
/[ \
>XiUa t. t 3 l2til^=AOxR=O
\ i=t I

(.3",),=to ' * (1.3)

Eleu6{rc onp€toO, A rar B 6evBqioxovrcr,orqv i,6lasxeslo,yrd vc r-

oxuouvrauroxeovct (1.3)0c lgenel R = 0.
xcttot2 oxco€rE
Aec.o[ 6rtvap€[Sr.ooeeonoliv.

IE'Eva roupl,o €i.va[D€p6vope olorvl,6ntog cpclvercl

mo olqpc 1.14,xor r,ooeeorl€i,. Av Eeeer€ro ouvre],.em{
rq|,prlgp lj"era[uroufJ],ourar rolxou xor 6'tL (AD) > p(AE),
uol,oylore rq ltrrvi,c q.

Auo4: Or ow0{xeE looeQrorr(oE

rou roriB]',ou0c ei,val:
NN
2 F,,=6, 2 Fo=o, (1.4)

(: (1 . s )
,Xipa I- 14 ",)^
22 IIAPAAEI|MATA

Ilerv neoxarQiooupe oq )utioqngdnelvc eltor;pdvoupe 6vc rQ60)'qpa'

en6 6).egtr,5Dwdperq (raon vnparos,FcqoE,6wcpq xal avr(AQ'aoq
rQr'FriE
rou roilou) 6ev [6goupero oqpetoeqaapoYlE rqg clti8qaoqE rorl roixou'
AuI6 o€fdta elcptdrcr' o16 ro nroE cw6 e<pu-
lrr€Tdr oxov xotlo. AE 1jr[00600!|r€cpltxd otu e-
cod:rretcuol,61i)'nAl q trltuQd AD xcr, €rol pno-
poriplevc 0etrrqrlooupe6tr, 1 cwibqrcol tou roi-
T'xot ot'
Xou reevd€t dr6 ro K.M. rou 1oto)'orJ.
61,vduetElou coxoiwrol mo xotglo gai,vol'[ct
'1.15.'Eotal (AD) = b},.ol (AE) = L'
fio ofipa
Or ( 1.4)6[vouv:
N=Tx=TsinE'
F7=pN=1.tTsinq, (1.6)
B = F'r + Ty = T(UsinE+ cosq).
Afi6 q! (1.5)tralQvol,U€:
T L c o's2q2+ N h - B L = 9 . (1.7)

.{J[6 TtE(1.6)xar (1.7)BQioltoupe:

t*rO' = L
,xttpa l.15 pL-b

)upg<rrvc pe ruEorn€ryeg rou nqop)'rlpctoE pl < D,6n)'c6ti tanE < 0 v'oL

(p> itq. A\r,6 6poE s(vat drot[o'
e-
Eropsv(l)s1 6wcp1 N6€v FroQ€i vc 6#qletou ur6 ro K M' Ap'c 6ev
gdrrficr olov roixo 6)'n q l)'ewi AD.
povo mo on-
AE uno0rioolpt xd)Qa61[ xo xouo]'o €ddrrerat otol' lolxo
pelo A.
T6r€ n (1.7)YQdgerat:
= !'
- B L = 0 + TLcosg- T (psinq + cosE) = Qa 12179
TL cosrp
|

!9 opopvqg aop6oE tlrlxouE t xcl fliqrolE B rooQQotr€i'o€ l"elo lul-

l'16'
ogcrqrx6 6o1eio <rxrlvdER (R < L2 < 2R),6tl(l)gQaiverat olo oxllpa
Ynoloyiore rri 6r,rvcpl nou corei ro 6o1eio oq ad$6o fio oqp€.'oA'

'
Atorl: Eorrrl l. I 6ri4tapnrou coxeirct orn adp6o fio oqpelo A xdt' F n
burcpn oto oTtpslof (0]'. oX' l.l7).
KENTPoMAzAz ,rATrKH

H 6r-'vapl ]', ),6yo pn i,-

raeEng refibv 0a ei,vcl xd0e-
rn orl E1@o.
Erte6{ I QaF6oE,€lvdr a-
xi,v1rq,or,pon6grarv 6rvdpe-
ov (l)EJTeoEro oltr€io I ne6-
rel vc elvcl pn66v,6l)'c6ri
RLt])=BLcos|. (1.8)
zmpa l.16 2
To xeiyovo AFA si,-
val oQ0oy6vro xor €ro-
psv(l)g
(Lt) = 2Psttg. (1.9)
4116rrs (1.8)xor (1.9)
Bqioxoupr
r= L a.
4R
B IIaQoTIQ'ouF.e6rr ro
f eivo.u aveldgrrpo rr;g
2mp0.l -17
y(l)v[oE r0r, rou prlxouE
(AI). 'Oooclldver ro R (U€orae€e6I-) ro .Fp€r6vfiar, ev6 6oo auEdverro
I (yia mae€e6R Enlcbri n ao06o5l"errraiv€r)ro f culriveral yr,crl g.eyc]'ri-
reeo p6eoErnEpd@ol elvcr elr6E rou 6o1e(,o1.
I10 Ato ncvopor6runeEEiB6ol prixougI xar pdEagm eivcr owbe-
bep€veg perclri rouExor p€ ra rorltirpcrc pe
cQeEirers(0),.oX. l.l8). Bqelre6leg rug6u-
vdp€rEr[ou coxori'!'rcroe xdeeqd$6o.
Aitoq: H broxolulorou ngoB)'{pctoEou-
vl,mtntrr mo yryovd'E6u 6]regor ow66oelg
si,valp€ ae0e6o€iE,IlQa'ypdnol bevpoEenu-
retJrerao Edqorp€cxqrftis q 8reri0woqrorv
61'vdu€(l)!.
To nq6B).4rc g:roqel vc luoel, 6ltr5 0c
zmpa 1.18 6ofpe ntrqaldral, p6vo cv clnnoulooupe ro
ye1orc,s6rr ro o$or;pc eivcr oupptrgn6 a6
nqrogen|'[ebbraEil,)'l]'o pe rc rorydrp.crcnou 6u6g1ercuar6 r?lv dQ0EDorl
B. H rcecplxeri n)'l,o[rooq116oupperglog(oa r.X. ro A' eivcl oeDrcgopwl-
24 NAPAAEITMATA

x6 llvoE os ox6ot pr ro A) rav€L ro rlQ6-

plnpo lrl enl]"uolpo.
AS oe(')erlooups r6Qa orr ro ne60)'4pc
dlel r1v cnclroripevl olpperplo.. Tore e-
nrl6n I cQ0e<oon B e(vcl axivrpq, ol bu-
vulrrrE nou coxo$wor o' cur{ nBf.ncLvu
6xo!v a0Qoropop466v. Exr6E on' oxro
nqurtL vu riv<rt,xcronrglxti oup;rerprxiE
lqoE ro elinebo re'. Ti).og fiqioxoupe
6tr r; F1 nq6nel v<r aol.i€i.Tor
orn eop6o
AB xar n F2 orry A' B, €ror drore or Bo-
rr€ETougoS neoE ro olFrlo A xo.r A c-
vriorutla vc rfrooqqonofv rLq eon6srurv
0oa6v (01..oX. l.l9).'EroL Ft = F2= F.
Mr [oo4 curofg rouE ou].]rolroltouc
zxittd l.19 Bgioxoupe:
0) fto rq eor[6E0E JrQoE
To A

F r I L L d r 4 = m z-d4= F = d m- p .
2W4
0) frd rrE6uvdp€rE:
F cos9=mgI -. rantr=-F= d
F sinT= F mg 2,'l4L, - d2

r'=,[Pi@8 =ma

I11 )e xulrv8eooxri.voER, or mr6mcol 2R/3rrxr6ro xdwBorol, nc-

qcD'n)'u pe rov df,ovo., cvoi-
lorv o:rr1 dxti\trE R/4. T'q'T
onq yepi(ow pe u)',rxo, 1 :rl-
lv6rrlrc tou orolou elvcr" I I
qoe6E psyc]"trseq curo qv
nwv6qrc .,rou.. xul.(vbgou,
Tov xrjl.r,vbpororo0erolv oe
liioq, n onoi.a g:ropel vc ne-
erorecesrdr yrigtrl ur6 cg-
>Xittq l.2O oerr)onC, oxnFarlqovlos 1€-
KENTP2MAzAz AqllH

x),r,p6vouri.ne6o(Pi!.oX.1.20).Omrvte)'eor45ra6{Eolloenonsp€roEuxu-
p6ylorq 1ov(o petcEti pdonE
iinlnou rot Bcongetvct,0.3. JIoL0 0c ei'vol 1
xct, o-O(owi,ou enr,n6Eounou o xri)'w6goE ec r'ooqqonei;
6u cnore}ueltcr' crr6 2
A{lo4: To ouorlplc p-noporlpevc to 0ttoptiooug'e
o,irl,loro,ion
-*'ou peltrluo xrilutv8qoxcr rov putq6' p€ ro [joQi'I€Qo,u]urx6'
p'eyc)'or xu)'iv6pou n pdLa rou 0a €i'vat:
n n ,t*no"w" rou ultxot rou
,,_[jlH=t5ryp211,
nl.=zp[R
]6t ro

6rlou H ro uWE rou xu)'iv6Qou'

T6te 4 pc(c rou FDlQot ru7'"iv6Qou0o €ivot':
n =it(tta)R: H = lf nPn2H
t6 lb
pr ro xf-
ngoqcvig tltog To K.M. tou plxqou xu]"lvbQououlni'nrel
Ei,vo.L
ro K'M' rol peyc]'ort
vrQroxou, evO rou pe'yt)'ou 61r,.Aw[ vc cvo(qrrioottu€
vo 0eoprioolpe ro €ETIE ou-
,riinoeou (6troE oto t[aQ'd6erYpo!1) ptroQoupe
ornuo Jroue(vct'toobrivcpope ro aQxtx6:
Evcv n).'liOl xutrtv6qrooxti'vuq fi xcr pcBcs
M = nQR2H
6vcv c].,)'Onri)'t'v6oo oxri'-
xcr rcvo xor os ojr6oxoon zRn 0J';6rO n6vrqo'
vaE R/4 xar pc(aE
m= l! qQR2H'

ta K M 0a ti'vct' oro x€vrqo rouE'

T6Qa xol Yld louE 2 xu]"iv6QouE
Kord rnv ovftlt(,)oq qE P6oqEro ou-
ornUa p05 61el6rio 6uvct6rrPeg:
a) \,a xu}'toer(Xoqis of iognon),
g) vs ol,lo0{oet (Xoai,Exri}'ton)'
Ag elerdooup.e rr,5 ouvefxeE vc oup-
$ei xctl u:r6 rc 6rio.
'Emo
c) Kritroq 6r[ cqr'xd o xu]tlv-
1.20.Avooqx6-
6eoEelx,tq 06o4rou oX.'OltrlE
voupe xord ? rn l3don. po'l'verol
6xo aX. l.2l (l)EttQrogro qp€(o A ut[dQ-
rreQtolQhltel
xer,Qorrl, l oroic rei,lel vo
zxipa t.2l rov xul'tvEqo.
 26 NAPAAEITMATA

Ag rmo06ooup€ rltog I ovu!,oolt rqE

Bco4Eyivrrcr pr nol,u prxqrirc1w1rc.
Ei,vot r[Qroqav65 r[oE p[xe4 neqr,orpoqri
rou xu)'i,v6prouproqel vc A6qer,11 6rivc-
pn rngoetor€Qdan6 ro olpeio A xcr,6_
rol vc 61pr,oupyio€t eorni rou vq eEt-
ooeQor[€i,rrlv Mg.
OntrSqaivercuxd.roro oX. 1.22\ ct-
rpa(,abuvari nrqfurorqe(,vcLcur{ nou 11
€uorioC'C eivcroqr.l6vrr,o.. ylari ror€ Tl
dr6oxaol rou A a:r6 rqv ncrcx6gucpo
zYiUq 1.22 nou breqlercroro ro C' .yiverclpf.yr-
or1.
T6re 0c uo1r.rer,:

t = re(1 n - RsinEll
MtRsinq +

gRsinE,
(M + m)= nsn +
I
s i n' 'a=, 2 m ='!8- r,=tn8"
3M+m 39

0) Ofio0qaq. Oa refnrt vn lolriel:

N = (M + m) $osq2,
(M + m)g sinq2 = kN,
6rou k o ruvre).emr{g rqrgrig o},[o0rpr1g.Ano e&i euxo],c pploxoupr
tonE2 = k = 0.3 + Ez = 16.7".
Aqu q eldllorq ltrrv(,a eival q 92. Av trry uneqsoripecpli(e l q xul.loq.

E12 Arnoxlvrpo PdQoust t r lrirot pe orcoegri rcfrrpa, cvepaivowcg

xexl.tpfvorrine8o yrrwiagE = ,2.. Nc pgeeow or,6wdper4nou coxel ro m[_
oroug ep:lpg xcl nio<orprolotg, cv eivcr,yvtoor6 narg 1 cn6orco4 prrc-
1e6o
fri r<rrvrqoXriw twol, L = 2.5 m.,(aL10 x6v-rpoprigoug pqloxercr, oe (,orgcrno_
ordoe6 o:16 rouE d'Eov€Srolv rQox6v xcr oe uqnE h = 0.75 m. Oeir4aiore nrog
eloqrt xivrlo4 ororg nloo rqrolorS xcr, etolrewog o' curofE coxei,rcl 6wc_
1
pt ra[[JriE(olio04ortE).
KEl,rrPo MAZA2 ,TATIKH 27

Ato4: H 6uvcpq nou a-

vclrd(er ro mJloxi,vlro v'
cvfBel eivcl 1 brivcpq rr;g
rar$ris(p)'. aX.1.23).
Eret,6{ ro cuoxlvrpo
lrvelrcr pr orc0eqi tclurq-
r<r0c logiel:
N1+ N2=It4gg$q

N ',2L = N -, 2L + F r h

zxipq t.23 Fr = Mg sinE

AfvovraEro otornpa geloxoupe

Nr= us(lcosv+ o.sot ,

!sinv)=
N,=
' Mell -.L sinsl=0.q4t ,
- \ 2 costo
L '
FT = Mgsinq = 0.2 t.

T. A'KH'EI:

1.1 Ano6eitre 6tr, ro x6wqo pa(ag s\,6EouortipcroE6ev €EdQxdrat or0

Trlvaexnrou oufi{uaroE owr€Tcylr6v(,)vrox Xerprpottotslxdt'y[c rov JrQroo-
0roerotr6rou.

q 06oqrou x6vrqou
1.2 Ileoo6r,oei,ore
prilcE rou poglou rou l€aolt (HzO) rt 60-
t.rlirou oroaoublverormo ox{pa 1.24.E6-
QorJU€ 6xt r=0.91 A = 0.91' lutom,
co= 105".

zxipa 1.24 1.3 Tqic orop<rrl6la mt = 3 gr,

pe pdqeE
m2=5 tr no.t"mt= 2 gr qQiaxov'tot
fia on-
peLaA(1,0,-l), 8(-2,1,3)xar l(3,-l,l) cwlorou1c.Betir€ rq e6ot rou xd-
vrQoupdlag rouE.
28 A'KH2EIz

1.4 O ),enr6g 6i,oxoEcxr(,vcER nou

noglorcverou oro oxrlu.o1.2561el6uo o-
r[6Eoxri,voE11 xol 12 To x6vreo rov o-
no(,<ovcrrclolv L t xa| L2 tt\trioxol:Xctcmo
ro x6vlqo rou 6[oxou. Be€i,r€rl e6ol rot-t
xdwQou pdqaEror 6i0lrou.

1.5 Yro),o1[me q O€oqrou ]i6weox

Udqag rou Lsrtof srlnebou oxnporog
lou ncprordvercl'yBrcp,1-looxr,cop,6vo
oro
afiVa 1.26.
>xiud 1.25
1.6 Bqelreq 06oqrou x6vrqou pc(cE
rou Lenrori o6poro5, q urugdverc ror.r o-
fioiou oellsror ano rqv nqecpol"l y=x2
1tcr rqv eroe[,c y = FL

1.7 Bqeire rI 06oq rou 'r€wQoll poLaE

od4rcrog,ro onolo rqoxulreu cv rfpvou-
p€ oc urrog H ur6 ro xrvrpro ogclqc cxr[,-
vag R (yeoppoolrLcopcvq nrqLol{ oro o1.
t.z7)-

1.8 Bqelrero x6vrQopd(aExuxlrxo{

>XiU(t1.26 rop60axrlvaER x0[ yrovidEg.

1.9 Bgelre ro n6wao pdEosaclfj6ouFri-

xous L, I mtxvornro.TnSorolag €[vd[ d-
vril,oyl rqg on6orcoqgoro ro dxeo rn5 O.
1.10Aro8eitre6rl or,ow01xeg
N /N \
2r,=o. l2,i^=0, '
i=t \ i=r ,f

n
,Xipa 1.27 (2,,)^=o
() "')"=o
e[,vcr,lxcvdgxcl cvcyxaieg1r,ctr;v roqgon[c opourine&ovncgdli'1]'orv 6u-
KEN,rPo MAZAZ ETATTKH

vap€arv.Ta A xal B e(vor o1p€[,qrou err[66ou, €vd)n AB 6ev eivcr ncqd],.-

7"qtr1rqog rlE buvcpelg.

1.11 Ano6e[[re 6rl ol ounv0fxeE

2Fi"=0, =o (2,'')"=o
(:",)^

li",l.=0. o (2,'),=o
(:'')"=
ylc rnv looQQori,aruXcirrw opoell:rebtov6uva-
eivcr,lx<rvfgxcl <rvcyxci.eg
$€ov. Tc A, B xol C bev Bgioxowcr,ndvrrroqv [6rc ei.r0ei,a.

1.12 le 6o1eto pqloxowcr, brio uyec 6lcqo-

qrrrx{g nrntvor4Tog nou 6ev cvclrtpriovrcL
(ei > 0:). Iro 6o1eio qilvoupe otirtrrcnwvor4rcE
Q (Q|>Q>Q). Bqrlrt rL pfqoE rou oYxou rotl
o6gdrog tivo'r.flu0ro1rt'vo
oro nuxvorrqo uyqo.

1.13 Aurrq opoyrv1Epc{3irogclvar oreqro;ri-

vn pe de0errrorloro ndvtrl tixpo r4E, evrirro xdrrrr
zx1i\a 1.28 Bg(,oxerclF6oc oe qe6 m,nv6rrlrcg pr,,.Orcv 11
qdfi6ogr.ooggone[
oxnp<rrllelxnnorc yrovlc pe
rrp xcrotdgupo(0)'.oX. 1.28),evtirri,vur,I Fr,oi0u0r,-
o1r6v4oro rryQo.Ynol.oylorrqv nuxv6'r1rcr1g qd-
06ou.

1.14 Mr,coxdl.cAB cxoug.ncoexcrcxopuqoroi,-

1O XC.l mO nCrOlrC
(0I. oX. 1.29).Yro-
txitts | .29 ]uoyi.or€Tnyov[0 Fe-
rtrlti oxti)'aElcl :ru-
rd4rcroE 6rcv q oxd),.a looBBrolel.Iuwe],e-
or€g rBfrlg oxc)"cE - nar6prcroE k 1 xcr,
onc)"cE- ro(,1ouk2.

1,15 )e oqr,(6wr,uqdp6o ei,vcu neg<r-

oprvr< 2 po[eq m ono rlg o.rokE pc vripro.- txitt& l.3O
 AzKHzEIE

ra p{rou5 ! xptperan pdEc M (0},. oX. 1.30). O orwre},eorrlgrgfriE perclri

p<rlrbv m xal ed$ou ei,vcr,p. 116o4nqfier vc. ei,vol n drdoroon x psroEt
rov 1rc(tirvtirmr ro oriorqgc va. roogBo:rei,;

1.16 An6 origpo cprr,alvoupeoB0oydrvloxeil,ovo gr pic lrov[c a. Xro

ouepa €i,vor,negcop6vegxcl ;.rrogoriv vc
yl,uoreoriv 1oq[E rpr,B€g6uo lcvrqeE pe
Fae,esm xol 3rn nol ri,vcr, ouv0e6ep€veg
pe p1 exrcr6 vrlpc (81,.oX. 1.31).Be€irs
Tn yrDv(,o.
q ,,oxcrxr1ylooqgonlc xal r4v
Tdonoro vrlgc. IIoloE nQ€rr€rvo ri,vol o
).oyogrtrrv paedrv(i)Or€ro vlpo vo 0ivot
znipa 1.31 op(6wto;

1.17 Tc dxqc Fn €xraxou 000-

QouEvrtpdroE pnxouE I- ei,vcl orege-
tllp.6v0orrt onpslc A ral B nou l3ea-
oxovror, o€ 6r,c.9oqerlx6 trpog (BI.
oX. 1.32).)to vrlpc eivuLxgepco;re-
vo 6trrru1.i,6rC. Ayvo6vraE rlE xQr-
B6gunol.o'yi,orer4v or6orooq rou A
0J[6 rnv €u0€(0.CC'. fv0lord 0e0-
Brouvro.lrc 4 xct h nou noQlorcvo-
"[x0r oTo oxrlp0.

1.18 Prip6oEptr(cE m ei,vcl ore-

txipd t.32 e€(o[€vn oro xdr(l) axeo rls B p€
cO0Ooonor xcTdxoQueorolxo. evd)
ro fidv(|)dxeo rng A €ivdt 6ep6vope
oxowi, nou xor our6 pt rl oelec xou
tivo.l orrqctrtprvoorov roilo {13}..
o1.
1.33).
lrQouue ol efn =cAe =,1,.
Be€lrerlv rdonorovr1p,a.
1,19 )ro onpe[oA xcrcx6qlrpou
ro[1ou.ge rn 0orlorrav4pcrog pr'1-
xoug L lreep€rorogcigc pri(cg m
R (p],.o1. 1.34).Na u-
xcr cxri,vo.E
troloTro0r(,
n rdorl rou vripcrogxa.r,
zxiqq 1.33 Z[ipa l.U q 6tvc,prlr[ou o rolxos coxei mI
KENTPO MAZAE >TATIKH 3t

oqalea.H rero{ eeoe€lrarope],nx6o.

1.20 Ato opor,orrul,rvbQ'orxetp.owalp"errl

Foneercptl eirtcrdrvvrlp,cr<r:v
rou i6lou prixouE
ur6 to orllreioA. Avripeodrorg rono0erei,rcrxri-
i'rv6gogrry i6lcg cxrivcE, cl,?d 6uridolou Bc-
eouE. To ormlpa rooQeonel,6rcv rc v{po.rc
oXqpcri[owyu n 2a (0I. oX. 1.35).Ynoiuoy(ote
141<ovi.aq. Tpr"B6g6evtndB91ow.

1,21 PcBEog pdLc5m 6xet. ro 6!o d)rQoxnEA

owbe6epcvoo€ de€Q{Doq, evrilro d)u},,o
cnoul.urct
>Xipat.3s oe 6ox6. H qcB6oEopp<rrl(ei .yrrrvicE pe rrp
xcrcx6quqo(0),.oX. 1.36).O ouwe)'eonis re\Bns
perclri gd$5ol xo.r,8oxoriei,vur, p evtirperalri 6o-
lrou rcr, rrcr6po.roErqq86E6ev urdqlow. Yno-
l.oyiore rrry e)d1"m1 Euvcp4pe rlv onoi,c nq6-
neuvc ong6loupe rn 6ox6 rirre cr-rrr1 vo.xuvr;eei
a) aerorsQo ]iot 0) 6eErd.

1.22 PaBbog FrlxougL g:rogrivo.negLorgege-

rcu lrogig rp66g 1riqarcn6 r4v oqr0grooqA lrou
txipa L36 pBloxercroe or6oraon L a:rd ncrcx6guqo roi-
1o. Merclrl qrnB6ouxcr, roilou urripryel6ox6g
rrdxoush (B),.o1. 1.37).O ouwetremrigrpt|3{Epe-
rc[t 6oxori xau gdfSou elvar p, evdrgetc[ri 6o-
xori xcr rol1ou rQ6rl 6evurdex€r.florc e[,votro
pfyLmorclog rqg 6oxounou pcE urrrqdneL vc
rnv rQal3{Eoup€ rlQro5xc xcrtrl;

prixorg t xcl pd(og m rono0e-

1.23 P<ipboE
r€i,T0roe l,e[d.
oa€l ycwla
(F1..ox. 1.38).
Yrroloyi,ors
zxiud 1.37 rn y(l)vi.a q
}t(r[ TrE 6uvd-
pe[Efiou ooxofv r(r ror,xduararns yo-
vaosorl Ei06o oav owoerqol xrE y(|)-
v(,asd. >xtius 1.38
32 A'KH'EIz

1.24 Eva roufllo A olLo0otvsro€ m-

xl.rp.6voerri,rsbo ytovldg 9. fld.vto oro
roufll.oundQxcr6oxogB :rou rXrr rqv [-
6la tLc[c pe q poLa rou rofpl"ou xcl e[-
vcr 6ep€vq oro xexl,lpr6vo€nir€6o (0tr.
oX. 1.39).Or, ouvrel,eor6ErqLfl{g petalt
roiplou-6oxou xor roufll,ou-x€x),Lpdvou
2y,ipa 1.39 sn:r60ou eivcr lELoL.Av l roXUT1rcrolJ
Toufi),ou€LvdLma0eQ1xrlol,oylorero ouvre),eor1
ra{hrE.

1.25 Yno),o1iore ro t#yroro piy,oSL ?'emllg

cpcqotE qcftbou.rlv onoro tlnoQou$e vo rono-
0erloolpre ovo.peooos 2 :rcqal,)'q).ouEzcrcx6-
qtrgouq rollolE fiou or6xouv / o €vcg cn6 rov
dll,o ([tt. oX. 1.40),cv o ouvre],eol1grQr,|}rtE
Ue-
ZXiLtd 1.40 rclu qopOouxor rollrop<rrov elvor,,a.

1.26 KdQd06oxoLvo(floaf vrlpo) oroQelrol

€l.eu0€Qdorepeorp€voorc dxgc rou (I1r1p<r
. o g t r q o r q g r d o q Er o u v r l p a t o Eo r c
1 . 4 1 )T
on!$to' orllQLEIEei,vo.lT1xcl T2xol oro XopI-
1,6rrQo onpe[o T3. BQeir€ q pd(a rol
vriFcroE.

1.27 Aro8€iErs orl cv 6vcro.vrr,xeiprevo

flgi,-
T3
oxrror oL xcrriorco4 Ur"TcqoeLxrlErooQQonroE
zot q ol.txti Qonnrurv buvogctuv.rou coxou-
txilLct 1.4|
vrcl ncvcr.lTou (oEJIooE)lonoLo oll,r€[o €i,vdr
plbevlxn, r6rs n Qor[! rolE eivcr.pr15evLz1 xo.LoE ]reog onolobiror€ dl].o
oqpei,o.

1.28 MLo oxdl"a lSdqouE 20 kg y,dr prixorg 3 m tono0etei,rcr.ufio yovi,q

ro[Xox. >€ roLo rir],o! puroqelva cv6f]eldvoqa,r-
30'(l)S rreog l,€lo €fiLedv€Lo
nog pdgouE60 kg,6o1s ro ouorlpc cv0grr;:roE-oxal.c vc ncqcpdvel cnlvl-
To; O ouvrol.torllqrQf1< Fr€roEuaxdLcLg xat ror6trcroq ei,voL0.5