English in Action

B2
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
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Extra tasks
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Present Simple/Present Continuous
Present Perfect Simple/Present Perfect Continuous
Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs
Grammar Presentation 1
A Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous together with any other words given.
1 Who (look after) the baby while you (be) at work in
the morning?
2 They (stay) with their aunt until their parents (return).
3 This soup (not taste) very nice. Why (you not add) a
little salt and pepper?
4 Steve (usually/have) his lunch in the office, but because the weather
(be) so nice today, he (have) a packed lunch in the park.
5 Amelia (not know) what time her flight (get in).
6 It (become) more and more difficult to find a good job, so you
(need) to get as many qualifications as you can.
7 Elizabeth (want) to leave right now because the other girls
(make) fun of her.
8 Your bus (leave) in ten minutes, so you (not have) time
for breakfast.
9 (you think) we (have) any chance of getting into the
team?
10 The ozone layer (protect) us from harmful ultra violet light.
B Complete the dialogue by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the
Present Simple or Present Continuous.
Christina: (1) (you go) on holiday this year?
John: No. I (2) (work) in one of my uncle’s offices until the week before university
(3) (start). He (4) (own) a security company.
Christina: That (5) (sound) interesting.
John: It (6) (be) all right, I (7) (suppose). Anyway, it

(8) (not matter) what I (9) (think) of it because I
(10) (need) the money.
Christina: You (11) (not seem) very enthusiastic.
John: Would you be? While you (12) (lie) on a beach somewhere, I’ll be stuck in
an office all day long!
2
Unit 1
A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct alternatives.

1 Vicky is drinking/has been drinking/has drunk coffee all morning. She has/has been having/has had three cups
since she arrived at work.
2 It’s not the first time you fail/have failed/have been failing an exam this year.
3 I feel tired because I am revising/have been revising/have revised all evening.
4 If you want to know about India, ask Jenna; she has gone/has been there several times.
5 How long have you been studying/are you studying/have you studied psychology?
6 Apparently, she steals/has been stealing/has stolen money from her boss for years. Some people think she
takes/has been taking/has taken more than £5,000 from the till in the last year alone.
7 They are trying/have been trying/have tried to solve that maths problem all week.
8 Have I missed/Have I been missing/Do I miss much of the Chairman’s speech?
No, he has only spoken/is only speaking/has only been speaking for a few minutes.
9 Have you talked/Have you been talking/Are you talking to your boss about your promotion yet?
10 As far as I know she has dropped out/has been dropping out/drops out of university and is looking for a job.
B Complete the dialogue by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the
Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.
Student advisor: Why (1) (you want) to study biology at university?
Student: I (2) (be) interested in science since I was a child and I

(3) (do) experiments in my dad’s garage for years.
Student advisor: I see. (4) (you ever work) in a proper laboratory?
Student: Yes. I (5) (have) two different summer jobs at a local pharmaceutical
company.
Student advisor: (6) (you decide) which universities to apply to yet?
Student: Well, I (7) (think) of applying to Warwick. They

(8) (have) an excellent biology department.
Student advisor: Good. Two of last year’s school leavers (9) (now study) biochemistry
there – Peter Waites and Carol Baker. (10) (you know) them?
Student: Actually, I (11) (speak) to Carol two or three times a week on Skype.
She (12) (appear) to be very happy there.
Student advisor: Good. I’m sure you will be, too.
3
Past Simple/Past Continuous
Used to/Would
Past Perfect Simple/Past Perfect Continuous
A Complete the sentences by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and choosing the correct alternative
where necessary. Use the Past Simple or Past Continuous together with any other words given.
1 She would/used to know everyone in the neighbourhood before they (build) all those
blocks of luxury flats.
2 We (watch) television when we (hear) the alarm go off.
3 When we (be) young, Grandma would tell/was telling us a story before we
(go) to bed.
4 (you know) her before she (move) into the flat next to
yours.
5 Carrie (fall) asleep when the film (begin) and
(not wake up) until the end.
6 Why (you tell) your sister that we (have) an argument with
my parents last night?
7 (he work) on the car when I (phone) yesterday afternoon?
8 They (not live) in London at that time because they
(leave) the capital three years ago.
9 Did you use to/Would you have long hair when you (be) a teenager?
10 His neighbours (look) out of their windows as the police
(open) the gate, (walk) down the path and (ring) his front
doorbell.
B Complete the dialogue by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the Past
Simple or the Past Continuous.
Mother: When we (1) (get) home, you two (2) (shout) at

each other. Why?
Alison: I (3) (listen) to my iPod while I (4) (do) my

homework when she (5) (take) it from me because hers
(6) (have) something wrong with it.
Mother: What (7) (you do) then?
Alison: I (8) (ask) her to give it back.
Debbie: No, (9) (you not ask) for it back, you liar! You (10)
(throw) your pen at me.
Alison: That was because you (11) (start) laughing while I

(12) (try) to get it back.
Mother: OK. You’re both grounded for a week!
Alison, That’s not fair!

Debbie:
4
Unit 2
A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple, Past Perfect
Simple or Past Perfect Continuous together with any other words given.
1 We (no sooner/start) talking about Marion than she
(appear) in front of us.
2 By the time Francis (arrive) at the café, we (finish) our
coffee and were ready to leave.
3 How long (you see) Carol before you broke up with her?
4 It wasn’t the first time she (fall for) someone so insensitive.
5 We (only talk) for a few minutes before we realised we’d become good friends.
6 As they (paint) their new flat all day long, they were exhausted in the evening.
7 They didn’t recognise me at first because they (never see) me wearing a suit
before.
8 Neither of them (have) a long relationship before they started going out with each
other.
9 I asked them about the rumour, but nobody (hear) anything.
10 The babysitter went home with a headache because the children (make) a noise
the whole evening.
B Complete the letter by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets and any other words given. Use the Past
Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous.
Dear Marie,
It’s a real pity that you (1) (miss) Christina’s wedding, which will probably be
remembered more for her sister’s appearance than the event itself.
Apparently, Janine (2) (lie) on the beach the whole afternoon before the big day and by
the time she (3) (stop) sunbathing, her face, arms and legs (4)
(turn) bright red. Because of her sunburn, she (5) (not want) to be a bridesmaid, but
eventually, after much persuading, she (6) (change) her mind. Unfortunately, this
(7) (not turn out) to be such a good idea because while she (8)
(walk) behind the bride, everyone (9) (stare) at her and not her sister!
Then, at the reception afterwards, someone (10) (make) a joke about Janine by saying
she gave a whole new meaning to the phrase ‘strawberry blonde’. She (11) (hear) the
joke and (12) (leave) in tears. Poor Janine!
I’ll send some photos, including ones with Janine in.
Best wishes,
Danielle
5
Future Simple/Future Continuous/be going to
Future Perfect Simple/Future Perfect Continuous
Other Ways to Express the Future/Question Tags
1 Are we going to/Will we eat out this evening?
2 I will be working out/will work out in the gym at that time, so I will give/am giving you a ring when I’ve
finished.
3 We will/are going to have a dinner party on Saturday.
4 I promise I won’t/am not going to take any of your food from the fridge again.
5 He’s trying to lift too much weight. He will/is going to hurt his back!
6 I’m afraid there’s no chicken left, sir.
OK. I will/am going to have fish then.
7 It’s after 10 o’ clock, so she won’t be training/won’t train in the pool.
8 I’m certain he is succeeding/will succeed in losing the weight he gained during the holidays.
9 When are we going to/will we go to the hospital to visit Uncle George?
10 Where will you/are you going to put the treadmill when they deliver/will deliver it?
B Complete the sentences by choosing the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Future
Continuous, ‘be going to’ or the Present Simple together with any other words given.
1 What (do) about that swelling on your hand?
2 I promise I (not touch) the chocolate cake until you (get
back).
3 I’m afraid I (train) hard for the charity marathon for those two weeks, so I
(not have) any free time.
4 The children (definitely/enjoy) a picnic in the forest.
5 There’s too much oil in the pan. You (spill) it all over the cooker.
6 Haven’t we got any onions? Right, I (go) to the greengrocer’s to get some.
7 There (not be) any ice cream left by the time they (get)
here.
8 I (have) lunch at that fancy restaurant this time tomorrow.
9 That doesn’t look very fresh. Surely, you (not eat) it.
10 (you peel) the potatoes for me, please?
6
Unit 3
A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Perfect Simple or
the Future Perfect Continuous together with any other words given.
1 (she get over) her illness by the beginning of the holidays?
2 How long (you work) as a personal trainer by the end of the month?
3 Scientists (find) cures for many more diseases by the end of the next decade.
4 The effects of the painkiller (wear off) by the time you get home, so take a tablet
before you go to bed.
5 Don’t worry! Your broken leg (mend) well before your birthday.
B Complete the email by using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, Future Continuous,
‘be going to’, Future Perfect Simple, Future Perfect Continuous and Present Simple.
Hi,
I’m so glad that we (1) (work) together this summer. I’m sure you (2)
(find) both the job and your accommodation to your liking and it (3) (be) a great experience
for you.
As we arranged, you (4) (assist) our chef, Marios, in the hotel kitchen for the first
month. He’s very knowledgeable and (5) (be able to) teach you everything you need to
know. After all, by the end of this summer, he (6) (cook) professionally for thirty years,
so you (7) (be) in good hands.
By the end of the first month you (8) (learn) enough to take up a sous chef’s position at
our restaurant in town. We (9) (put) some Greek dishes on the menu this summer, so
you (10) (have to) do a little teaching yourself.
Hopefully, we (11) (earn) enough by the end of the second month to hire a car and tour
Scotland for ten days. By the way, let me know your travel plans as soon as you (12)
(have) them so that I can make arrangements to pick you up.
Best wishes,
Wayne
C Use between two and five words, including the word given, to complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the first sentence.
1 She is a professional yoga teacher, isn’t she? TEACHES
She she?
2 Their new restaurant is due to open very soon. POINT
They are their new restaurant.
3 He is going to stop eating junk food before he starts training again. HAVE
By the time he starts training again, he up junk food.
4 The doctor intends to give her a quick examination before deciding what to do. EXAMINE
The doctor is before deciding what to do.
5 I’ll finish preparing the main course and then I’ll make the salad. SOON
I’ll make the salad as preparing the main course.
7
Articles/Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Quantifiers and Determiners
A Use an article, the, a, or an, to complete the sentences if one is necessary.
1 Imagine being on safari in Kruger National Park and coming face to face with elephant.
2 Staying in luxury hotel in Madagascar, which is island off south-east coast of Africa,
is something only rich can do.
3 I’ve left guide book back at hotel. Should we buy new one?
4 Daniel went to Iceland and learnt enough of Icelandic language to appear on talk show on
Icelandic television after just week.
5 It was unique opportunity to visit Grand Canyon, so I jumped at chance.
6 What is quickest way to get to main train station from centre of town?
7 passenger who was sitting next to me on plane was listening to music on her personal stereo,
so we didn’t say word to each other during flight.
8 Ian had been out of country for quite long time when he began to feel homesick.
9 We decided to book cruise on one of largest liners so that even roughest seas wouldn’t make us
feel seasick.
10 According to timetable, next train leaves in just over hour, so we have time to visit
museum couple of blocks down road.
B Use an article, the, a, or an, to complete the text if one is necessary.
Climbing
(1) most people think of taking (2) holiday as (3) chance to have (4) fun. For some others,
however, it is (5) time to face up to (6) challenge and one of (7) biggest challenges anyone can
face is climbing (8) Everest.
(9) first person to reach (10) top of (11) highest mountain in (12) world was Sir Edmund
Hillary in (13) early 1950’s. Since then, going on (14) expedition there has been (15) highlight of
many climbers’ careers, but climbing to a height of five-and-a-half miles is not without its risks.
(16) most dangerous part of (17) climb is called (18) Death Zone, about 26,000 feet above
(19) sea level, where (20) air is so thin that (21) progress is painfully slow. Climbers can only
concentrate on moving up one step at (22) time as (23) lack of oxygen affects (24) brain and
muscles so much that (25) thinking and moving become very difficult indeed.
Many climbers still don’t make it back alive from their attempt to climb (26) mountain even though (27)
medical equipment used on expeditions today is (28) best available at that altitude. Those who do succeed
can expect to suffer from (29) very sore throat and cough, but they inevitably think it is worth it for (30)
satisfaction of having stood where fewer than 3,000 of their fellow humans have been before.
8
Unit 4

1 They visit their cousins in America each/every other year.
2 There were/was only a little/few people on the beach, so the children had lot/plenty of space to play.
3 We’re not sure that neither/either of the cruises are/is affordable.
4 We’ve stayed in many hotels, but neither/none of them has views like the Hotel Caruso Ravello in Italy.
5 They couldn’t give us many/much advice about travelling in remote areas where there are few/little good
roads.
6 A small number/amount of tourists on our plane lost some/many of their luggage.
7 We couldn’t decide which of the two cars to buy because both/all of them were very good.
8 Don’t worry! We’ve got much/plenty of time to explore the island before all/every coach leaves.
9 He’s spent his whole/full life trying to visit as much/many countries as possible.
10 Hardly any/none of the hotels was completely full, but those that weren’t full only had few/a few empty rooms.
B Use between two and five words, including the word given, to complete the second sentence so that it has a
1 No arrests have been made in connection with the false passports. ANYONE
The police in connection with the false passports.
2 The climbers sent the doctors some very good news. RECEIVED
The news the doctors very good.
3 We were fully informed about how to travel safely round the country. LOT
They gave about how to travel safely round the country.
4 The travel agent guarantees that every excursion is included in the price of the holiday. ALL
The travel agent guarantees that included in the
price of the holiday.
5 Despite the delay, all the passengers were able to reach the cruise ship before it sailed. NONE
Despite the delay, unable to reach the cruise ship
before it sailed.
6 We looked at two holiday flats on the internet, but they were both unsuitable. NEITHER
We look at two holiday flats on the internet, but suitable.
7 We didn’t have much money left when we returned from our holiday. AMOUNT
We only money left when we returned from our holiday.
8 We were tired because we had been walking in the hills all day. WHOLE
We were tired because we had spent walking in the hills.
9 Every time she travels, she takes plenty of suitcases with her. DEAL
She always travels with luggage.
10 He knows little about car engines. MUCH
He about car engines.
9
Modals/be able to/Semi-Modals
A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.
1 Were you able to/Could you repair your DVD player when it broke down last week?
2 Would/May you explain how this program works, please?
3 You may/might come into work late tomorrow if you have a doctor’s appointment early in the morning.
4 Sue’s looking for the battery charger, but she couldn’t/hasn’t been able to find it yet.
5 They couldn’t/wouldn’t understand why the experiment had failed.
6 You can’t/aren’t be able to use that laptop; it’s not yours!
7 Are you able to/Could you get me some ink for my printer, please?
8 Could/Would you mind lending me your mobile for a moment?
9 George was happy because he had been able to/could get a discount on his new 42’’ television.
10 Might/May I have a look at your video camera, Paul?
B Complete each short dialogue by choosing the correct alternative.

1 Jennie: Jeremy’s upstairs reading his electronics magazine.
Wendy: He can/must be really interested in technology if he prefers to stay in on such a lovely day.
2 Dave: What was Mike doing yesterday afternoon?
Simon: Well, he mustn’t/can’t have been using his computer because it’s still being repaired.
3 Mark: When is Debbie going to help me organise my files?
Stephen: She might/must have some time tomorrow evening, but I’m not sure.
4 Ray: Why did Erica spend all morning in the laboratory?
Stephanie: She can/must have been completing the experiment she started the day before.
5 Ron: Here are the results from the tests we did.
Professor: These can’t/mustn’t be right. Are you sure you used the correct sample?
C Use between two and five words, including the word given to complete the second sentence so that it has a
1 It’s possible that you won’t be able to watch the programme on free internet television. MIGHT
You watch the programme on free internet television.
2 I’m certain they were doing research into genetics at that time. HAVE
They research into genetics at that time.
3 There is a possibility that some scientists didn’t understand the consequences of the discovery. MAY
Some scientists the consequences of the discovery.
4 I’m sure they aren’t thinking of ending the space programme. BE
They of ending the space programme.
5 There’s no doubt that she was able to gain access to top secret files. MUST
She to gain access to top secret files.
10
Unit 5
A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative(s).

1 They had to/must delay their research when the engineers came up against a technical problem.
2 You should buy/have bought a better telescope with the money you got on your birthday. This one isn’t very
good.
3 We should/had better check/to check the modem.
4 You need/should have passed your biology exam. Why didn’t you?
5 You needn’t have got/needn’t get a new screen; your old one was perfectly adequate.
6 They should/must have asked for help when they couldn’t find the file. Why didn’t they?
7 Lee wasn’t supposed/ought not to work in the lab while his boss was away.
8 He ought to/supposed to have fixed the phone by now, so let’s give him a ring.
9 The company mustn’t/doesn’t have to do any more trials on the vaccine because it has been declared safe.
10 You mustn’t/needn’t use dangerous chemicals without wearing gloves and safety glasses.
1 Perhaps they weren’t listening to the technician when he gave them the warning. MIGHT
They to the technician when he gave them the warning.
2 The last time we contacted the explorers by satellite phone was three days ago. ABLE
We contact the explorers by satellite phone for three days.
3 Looking directly at a solar eclipse through a telescope is not a good idea. BETTER
You directly at a solar eclipse through a telescope.
4 It was wrong of them to use the machine without asking for permission first. OUGHT
They permission before using the machine.
5 Whose responsibility was it to clean up the spilt chemicals? SUPPOSED
Who the spilt chemicals.
6 It wasn’t necessary for them to take notes because the science lecturer gave them a handout
at the end. NEED
They notes because the science lecturer gave them
a handout at the end.
7 Why did you begin the experiment if you suspected there might be a leak in the cylinder? SHOULD
You the experiment if you suspected there might be
a leak in the cylinder.
8 He wouldn’t say a word about the research he was doing, so I’m sure it was classified. MUST
He some classified research because he wouldn’t say
a word about it.
9 There’s no way they stopped supplying us with electricity because of an unpaid bill. COULD
They off our electricity supply because of an unpaid bill.
10 I really expected to see an email from them when I switched on my computer. HAVE
They an email by now.
11
The Passive
Other Passive Constructions
A Complete the sentences by using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets.
1 She (give) her next assignment right now.
2 We (show) around the studio after our interviews.
3 News of the accident (send) to all the news agencies.
4 Kathy wants (offer) the chance to work in the New York office.
5 While the last articles (check), the owner arrived.
6 Journalists enjoy (tell) that their columns are very popular.
7 The articles (hand in) to the editor before 6 pm every day.
8 By the time they noticed the mistake, the magazine (print)
9 She has promised that all the journalists who lose their jobs (find) new ones.
10 By this time tomorrow the story (read) by millions of people.
1 We had to check the information before we ran the story. BE
The information before we ran the story.
2 It’s the first time such a young woman has presented the main news bulletin. HAS
It’s the first time the main news bulletin such a young woman.
3 They won’t let you in without a press pass. NOT
You in without a press pass.
4 I’m sure he made that story up. MUST
That story up.
5 As far as I know, that company has never advertised its cars on national television. BEEN
As far as I know, that company’s cars on national television.
6 The newspaper pays freelance journalists according to the number of their articles it publishes. BY
Freelance journalists the newspaper according to the number
of their articles that are published.
7 They hadn’t finished designing the cover when I phoned the office. STILL
The cover when I phoned the office.
8 They should give the person who created the advertisement an award for originality. TO
An award for originality the person who created the advertisement.
9 They are going to hold the interview in the film star’s hotel suite. IS
The interview in the film star’s hotel suite.
10 They didn’t throw the old newspapers away, did they? THROWN
The old newspapers they?
12
Unit 6

1 He/It is understood that he was in Paris at that time.
2 They are believed to be investigated/investigating the cause of the accident.
3 She is expected to be/have been promoted to editor in the near future.
4 The company is expected to cut back/it will cut back on advertising.
5 They know/are known to be interested in buying the newspaper.
6 The bosses are thinking/are thought about moving to a new building.
7 The newspaper is reported/is reporting to be under investigation.
8 Some investigators are claimed to use/have used illegal means of gathering information in the recent scandal.
9 The reporters are said to be frightened/frightening of losing their jobs.
10 She is thought to be/have given ideas for her column by her aunt.
1 I’m positive they didn’t shoot those scenes on the plane while it was in the air. BEEN
Those scenes on the plane while it was in the air.
2 Everyone thinks the reporter had vital information about the financial scandal. TO
The reporter vital information about the financial scandal.
3 People say the talk show host is considering a move to another channel. SAID
The talk show host a move to another channel.
4 They are planning a new series because this one has been very successful. IS
A new series because this one has been very successful.
5 There are reports that the newspaper’s online service is very popular. BE
The newspaper’s online service very popular.
6 They believe the newspaper printed five million copies of its last issue. HAVE
The newspaper five million copies of its last issue.
7 At one time they delivered newspapers to your door. USED
At one time newspapers to your door.
8 They knew the publishers had paid a large sum of money for the story. KNOWN
The publishers a large sum of money for the story.
9 Everyone believes that some reporters have close relationships with members of parliament. BELIEVED
Some reporters close relationships with members
of parliament.
10 They claim that the journalist’s sources were committing the crimes they gave information about. ARE
The journalist’s sources committing the crimes
they gave information about.
13
Making Comparisons
Relative Clauses
A Complete the sentences by putting the words in brackets in the correct form.
1 It is (good) film of the year.
2 Use this software to add special effects to your film because it is (flexible) than the one I use.
3 That was (frightening) scene of all.
4 The concert tickets were selling (slow) than the organisers had hoped.
5 Ticket sales were (slow) than the organisers had expected.
6 Her younger son seems to be able to learn tunes (easy) than her older son.
7 A cello is much (heavy) than a violin.
8 She may be (talented) actor in the class, but she certainly has the ability to direct.
9 There is nothing (bad) than missing the start of the film.
10 Fortunately, some of the pieces at the modern art exhibition were (interesting) than I thought
they’d be.
1 You’re a far better guitarist than he is. NEARLY
He can’t play the guitar you can.
2 Not many modern artists are as famous as he is. ONE
He is modern artists.
3 I had hoped that our seats would be nearer the stage. THAN
Our seats were I had hoped.
4 His new play is a little longer than his last one. QUITE
His last play wasn’t his new one.
5 You may think that making pots is easy, but it definitely isn’t. LOT
Making pots is you think.
6 As I kept thinking about the film, I became more confused. THE
The more I thought about the film, it became.
7 They should have taken more care when they organised the exhibition. AS
They didn’t organise the exhibition they should have.
8 He’s never performed as badly as that before. PERFORMANCE
That was of his career.
9 The director’s instructions should have been clearer. NOT
The director’s instructions they should have been.
10 Although Tony is far more serious about music than Victoria is, he is not as
talented as she is. MUCH
Although Tony takes music Victoria does, he is not
talented as she is.
14
Unit 7
A Use who, whom, which, whose, where or when to complete each sentence.
1 I met a famous singer in 2002, I visited Brazil.
2 There are many people for fame has created more problems than it has solved.
3 Kandinsky was an artist paintings now sell for large sums of money.
4 A friend of mine works in a recording studio got us tickets for the concert.
5 Her last audition, went much better than she’d expected, was impressive enough to get her a
small part in a film.
6 The city there are most theatres and galleries is usually the capital.
7 The village the artist was born in has grown in recent years.
8 Do you know the name of the woman amazing photographs of urban life have just been
discovered?
9 He has a collection of over 2,000 old records, some of are extremely rare.
10 She’s not a singer music is regarded as commercial.
1 That musician’s violin is worth a fortune. THE
That is is worth a fortune.
2 Having been a music student in the early 1970s, I practised playing the piano every single day. STUDYING
In the early 1970s, music, I practised playing the piano
every single day.
3 There were some people in the large audience who were disappointed with the play. FEW
The performance was attended by a large number of people,
found the play disappointing.
4 Mark is less experienced than his older sister, but his dancing is just as good. AS
Mark, as his older sister, can dance as well as she can.
5 Some of the tricks that magician did in his act had never been seen before. INCLUDED
That’s the magician some tricks that had never been
seen before.
6 Many of L.S. Lowry’s 1,000 paintings are owned by the Salford City Council. BELONG
L.S. Lowry painted 1,000 pictures, the Salford City Council.
7 Kandinsky isn’t as famous as Picasso, but some of his work is more appealing. LESS
Kandinsky, Picasso, produced some work which is
more appealing.
8 His art teacher gave him some good advice, but he ignored most of it. OF
His art teacher gave him some good advice, he ignored.
9 One of the young actors’ plans were successful, so he stayed in Hollywood. CAME
One of the young actors stayed in Hollywood.
10 I was raised in Liverpool, which is the city the Beatles first performed in. GREW
I the Beatles gave their first performance.
15
Conditionals
Other Conditional Forms
1 If I were/had been there when the tornado hit, I would have been terrified.
2 If the scientists haven’t completed/didn’t complete their work before nightfall, they’ll have to finish it
tomorrow.
3 When a large solar storm occurs, the effects would be/are felt on Earth.
4 Will/Would they tell us if they knew anything was wrong?
5 If they issue a storm warning, we don’t/won’t stay here a moment longer.
6 We might have drowned/might drown if the boat had been struck by a huge wave.
7 They’d have turned back if they had been/were listening to the radio when the warning was issued.
8 If sea temperatures increased dramatically, there would be/would have been serious consequences for people
living in coastal areas.
9 If they’d heard/’d have heard the weather forecast, they wouldn’t have tried to sail to the island.
10 They couldn’t/can’t send in the rescue helicopters if the wind doesn’t die down.
B Complete the sentences by putting the verb in brackets in the correct tense or form.
1 When the plates move, the result (be) an earthquake.
2 If an earthquake hits and you are indoors, (not try) to run out of the building.
3 If I (not see) the ice melting so quickly, I wouldn’t have believed it was happening.
4 If they (have) enough water for their crops, they wouldn’t go hungry.
5 They (not leave) their home if they’d had a good storm shelter.
6 If the water (not feel) warm enough, don’t go for a swim.
7 If we (walk) on the slope when the avalanche struck, we would have been in serious
trouble.
8 We (not do) much sunbathing if it gets really hot.
9 If the volcano erupted without warning, the locals (have) little time to escape.
10 They might have been able to stop the oil from spreading if they (act) more quickly.
16
Unit 8
A Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct tense or form.
1 They won’t buy a new house unless it (make) use of renewable energy.
2 You can help clean the beach on condition that you (not start) fooling around.
3 If they hadn’t built the factory, the lake (not be) polluted now.
4 Supposing they hadn’t shut down the nuclear reactor, what (happen)?
5 I (not live) in a cold climate unless I had to.
6 (not swim) in the river, or you’ll get swept away by the current.
7 They’ll continue to search for survivors as long as there (be) hope.
8 Suppose they decide to cut down the trees, what (you do)?
9 Stay indoors and you (be) safe.
10 The area wouldn’t be flooded if the dam (not fail) during the heavy rain.
1 Fallen trees are blocking the main road, so we can’t go into town by car. ABLE
We go into town by car if the main road wasn’t blocked
by fallen trees.
2 The Australian government passed the new environment laws because it believes
they are necessary. NOT
If the Australian government didn’t believe the new environmental laws were necessary,
it them.
3 Without scientific proof, people won’t take any notice of the warning. THERE
People won’t take any notice of the warning any
scientific proof.
4 The explorer lost two fingers and two toes because he suffered from severe frostbite. STILL
If the explorer hadn’t suffered from severe frostbite, he
all his fingers and toes.
5 One possibility for the failure of the expedition was that they didn’t take enough supplies with them. IF
The expedition might not have been a failure enough
supplies with them.
6 These new air conditioners need to be serviced regularly in order to remain efficient. LONG
These new air conditioners will remain efficient
serviced regularly.
7 Alison wasn’t listening to the guide’s instructions, so she got lost in the forest. HAD
Alison wouldn’t have got lost in the forest to the guide’s
instructions.
8 The only reason polar ice is melting so fast is that global temperatures are rising quickly. BE
If global temperatures weren’t rising quickly, polar ice
so fast.
9 We didn’t have enough time to see the glacier because the weather cut our excursion short. HAVE
If the weather hadn’t cut our excursion short, enough
time to see the glacier.
10 You can’t go up to the rim of the crater without an official guide. UNLESS
You can’t go up to the rim of the crater you there.
17
Wishes and Regrets
Preferences
1 Erica wishes she would/could write good detective stories.
2 They wish they bought/had bought a better security system.
3 I wish you wouldn’t/don’t dress like a gangster; it’s so annoying.
4 Do you regret stealing/to steal that watch from your uncle?
5 If only we didn’t have to/hadn’t had to stay in after dark every day.
6 I wish we lived/would live in a safer neighbourhood.
7 I wish we were going/are going to study law at the same university.
8 We regret informing/to inform you that your belongings cannot be returned to you.
9 He wishes he didn’t listen/hadn’t listened to his friend when he suggested breaking into a shop.
10 The residents wish there are/were more police patrols in the area.
1 She’s glad she told the police about her brother’s friends. REGRET
She the police about her brother’s friends.
2 It’s a pity you couldn’t persuade him to stop hanging round with those boys. ONLY
If able to persuade him to stop hanging round with
those boys.
3 Sheila is sorry she forgot to set the alarm before she left. WISHES
Sheila to set the alarm before she left.
4 I find it really annoying when rappers make the gangster lifestyle seem appealing. NOT
I wish rappers the gangster lifestyle seem appealing.
5 Gordon isn’t happy because he didn’t try to talk his friend out of robbing a bank. REGRETS
Gordon an attempt to talk his friend out of robbing a bank.
6 It’s a shame nobody bothered to teach me how to make my house safer before the break-in. BEEN
I wish how to make my house safer before the break-in.
7 The defendant’s lawyer was sorry to have to tell his client’s parents that their son would
probably be sent to prison. HAD
The defendant’s lawyer wished he his client’s parents
that their son would probably be sent to prison.
8 They are unhappy about being too short to become police officers. WISH
They enough to become police officers.
9 Paula isn’t pleased that her brother has links with the underworld. HAVE
Paula wishes links with the underworld.
10 Mandy was unhappy about her decision to enter the witness protection programme
when she was forced to move to a small town. WISHED
Mandy the decision to enter the witness protection
programme when she was forced to move to a small town.
18
Unit 9
A Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets in the correct tense or form.
1 It’s high time they (do) something about the rising crime in this area.
2 I’d rather you (not mention) the case to anyone, so keep quiet.
3 He prefers reading crime novels to (watch) films of the same genre.
4 We’d rather (not appear) in court to give evidence against the defendant.
5 I’m sure the guards would prefer (be) on duty in a prison with less violent criminals.
6 She’d rather you (not accept) that stolen watch as a gift on your last birthday.
7 Apparently, he’d rather (go) to prison for a couple of months than do community service.
8 It’s time for him (decide) whether he really wants to avoid a life of crime or not.
9 Her parents would rather she (study) law at a university close to home so that she can
visit more often.
10 She says she would rather (visit) her brother in prison earlier than she did.
1 I don’t want you to talk to your sister about the trial. RATHER
I’d a word about the trial to your sister.
2 They really should have investigated the theft by now. ABOUT
It’s into the theft.
3 The lawyer I spoke to thinks it’s better to prosecute criminals than to defend guilty clients. PREFERS
The lawyer I spoke to guilty clients.
4 He is glad he didn’t say anything about the crime. REGRET
He quiet about the crime.
5 They don’t want to comment on the incident until the police have completed their enquiries. PREFER
They would any comments relating to the incident
until the police have completed their enquiries.
6 Looking back on what happened, they now think hacking into the school computer was wrong. WISH
They now into the school computer.
7 In his opinion, being a detective is preferable to working in uniform. THAN
He would rather in uniform.
8 The chief inspector thinks it’s a pity he can’t use more officers to patrol the area. ABLE
The chief inspector regrets use more officers to
patrol the area.
9 She’s unhappy that the judge didn’t punish them with more than a fine. NOT
She would rather them off with just a fine.
10 The detective is sorry that he has to arrest his brother-in-law for fraud. WISHES
The detective to arrest his brother-in-law for fraud.
19
Reported Speech
1 She wanted to know which supermarket did I buy/I bought my groceries from.
2 He said he has/had to buy something for his computer.
3 They told us don’t/not to be late.
4 She says it is/was the best store in town and that’s why she doesn’t shop anywhere else.
5 Anna told me she had/has been working in the sales department for just over a year.
6 Brian said that he must/had to pay his next installment by Friday.
7 Paula asked me if she can/could borrow my credit card.
8 The manager said she will/would be back in an hour.
9 Marcus told us that he wished he didn’t have to/hadn’t had to work at his uncle’s bakery any more.
10 The assistant asked me wait/to wait until his boss arrived.
1 ‘Why can’t I exchange the pullover?’ the customer asked the assistant. POSSIBLE
The customer asked the assistant for her to exchange
the pullover.
2 ‘Don’t use your credit card until I get back, Michael,’ said his mother. TOLD
Michael’s mother his credit card until she got back.
3 ‘Do you know when the supermarket closes, Tanya?’ asked Paul. WHETHER
Paul asked Tanya time the supermarket closed.
4 ‘I think I can run the shop on my own,’ said Vicky. ABLE
Vicky said that she to run the shop on her own.
5 ‘Are you sure you remembered to lock up before leaving?’ the policeman asked the shopkeeper. WAS
The policeman asked the shopkeeper if she forgotten
to lock up before leaving.
6 ‘We employ fewer part-time assistants than we used to,’ says the store manager. MANY
The store manager says that they part-time assistants
as they used to.
7 ‘How long have you been selling antiques?’ he asked the owner. STARTED
He asked the owner selling antiques.
8 ‘Don’t turn off all the lights when you close the shop, Amy,’ said Sandra. LEAVE
Sandra told Amy on when she closed the shop.
9 ‘It isn’t necessary for you to stay late every night, Jenny,’ said her supervisor. HAVE
Jenny’s supervisor told her that she home late every night.
10 ‘Do you accept credit cards?’ she asked the salesperson. PAY
She asked the salesperson credit card.
20
Unit 10

1 He denied to steal/stealing anything from the shop.
2 They suggested visiting/to visit the local market.
3 She insisted for/on buying brand names.
4 She accused me of/for damaging the shirt before I brought it back to the store.
5 They warned me against to let/letting the waiter take my credit card away from the table.
6 He blamed/suspected me for wasting money on things we didn’t really need.
7 She promised/admitted to give me some extra money to spend on my birthday.
8 Her parents discouraged her from/for opening her own hairdressing salon.
9 She threatened to tell/telling the store detective that he’d stolen two expensive pens unless he gave her one.
10 The shopowner reminded them not touching/not to touch any of the vases on display.
1 ‘Please don’t tell Sue how much I spent on her present, Andrew,’ said Nick. BEGGED
Nick Sue how much he’d spent on her present.
2 ‘I’m sorry I didn’t invite everyone to the opening,’ said Helen. APOLOGISED
Helen everyone to the opening.
3 ‘Why don’t you buy a new pair of shoes for the party, Lindsey,’ said Olga. SUGGESTED
Olga a new pair of shoes for the party.
4 ‘If I were you, Dan, I would buy the watch when the price comes down,’ said Robert. ADVISED
Robert the watch when the price came down.
5 ‘We’re pretty sure Andrea is the one who’s been taking jewellery without paying
for it,’ they said. SUSPECTED
They the one who had been taking jewellery
without paying for it.
6 ‘OK. I didn’t count up the money in the till correctly,’ said Nigel. ADMITTED
Nigel mistakes while he had been counting up the
money in the till.
7 ‘Don’t forget to buy some fresh fruit from the market on your way home, John,’
said Fiona. REMINDED
Fiona to the market to buy some fresh fruit on his
way home.
8 ‘Well done, everyone! You’ve helped the company reach the number one spot in
the region,’ said the sales manager. CONGRATULATED
The sales manager the company reach the number
one spot in the region.
9 ‘You should have checked the merchandise before signing the form, Terry,’ said Alan. CRITICISED
Alan the merchandise before signing the form.
10 ‘Leave the building immediately!’ said the store detective to the youths. ORDERED
The store detective out of the building immediately.
21
Gerunds and Infinitives
So, such, too, enough and very
Demonstratives
A Use the gerund, infinitive or bare infinitive form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1 I haven’t got used to (live) on the twelfth floor yet.
2 They won’t let you (build) a shed in the garden without permission.
3 His ideas weren’t accepted at first, but he went on (become) a world-famous architect.
4 We had to move again just as I was starting (settle into) our new home.
5 Both Janet and Ron are good at (do) small repairs in the house.
6 We’d love (convert) the loft into an extra bedroom.
7 I saw him (clean) his pool, but I don’t know whether he finished before nightfall.
8 He’s always had difficulty (get on) with his neighbours.
9 They planted those flowers (make) their garden look more attractive.
10 I never feel like (tidy up) after a hard day at work.
1 It wouldn’t be a good idea for them to start renovation until they can afford it. BETTER
They start renovating until they can afford it.
2 I know nothing about fixing plumbing units, so call a plumber. HOW
As I fix plumbing units, call a plumber.
3 They can’t see any reason why they should spend money on a swimming pool. WORTH
They don’t think money on a swimming pool.
4 Our next door neighbours are not going to remove that awful fence they put up. INTENTION
Our next door neighbours that awful fence they put up.
5 It won’t be a problem for them to keep an eye on our house while we’re away. MIND
They an eye on our house while we’re away.
6 The interior decorator failed to persuade the couple to hire her. SUCCEED
The interior decorator the couple to hire her.
7 Making friends with our new neighbours wasn’t easy because we were
considered outsiders. DIFFICULT
We found friends with our new neighbours because
we were considered outsiders.
8 They weren’t enthusiastic about moving to a new neighbourhood. FORWARD
They were their old neighbourhood.
9 You won’t be able to extend your garage unless you make your garden smaller. INVOLVE
Extending your garage the size of your garden.
10 They won’t want to live right next to a main road. OBJECT
They right next to a main road.
22
Unit 11

1 How many times have I told you that this/these cutlery goes in the top drawer?
2 My cousin’s house is in a too/very small village.
3 There were too/so many cookers that I couldn’t make up my mind.
4 Can you see those/these boxes over there? Please put them in the kitchen.
5 They finished the decorating very/so fast that they took the rest of the afternoon off.
6 There isn’t enough light/light enough for me to work in this room.
7 The bed wasn’t enough light/light enough for me to move by myself.
8 They were such/so old flats that they were all in need of a lot of repair work.
9 A house in this area will cost you £350,000 at the very least/lowest.
10 It was such an old/old furniture that we were frightened of breaking it.
1 Can we afford to make the cottage better? ENOUGH
Do we have the cottage up?
2 They made such a good job of the restoration that the old house looked as good as new. SO
They restored the old house looked as good as new.
3 The loft floor is too thin to support the weight of anyone over 90 kilos. NOT
The loft floor to support the weight of anyone
over 90 kilos.
4 The condition of the property was so poor that we didn’t even make an offer for it. SUCH
The property that we didn’t even make an offer for it.
5 They couldn’t have used any better materials to build the house. VERY
They built the house with materials.
6 We didn’t buy the house because it wasn’t near enough to the local primary school. TOO
As the house the local primary school, we didn’t buy it.
7 There were so many tables, chairs and desks in the room that we could hardly move. FURNITURE
There in the room that we could hardly move.
8 The children believe their parents make them do more work around the house than
they should. EXPECT
The children believe their parents much work around
the house.
9 I have no idea what it’s like to live in a place so dangerous that you can’t go out after dark. IMAGINE
I can’t dangerous place that you can’t go out after dark.
10 The architect spoke so fast that I couldn’t understand what she was saying. QUICKLY
The architect spoke to understand what she was saying.
23
Concession and Contrast, in case
Purpose and Reason
Manner It, there, that, what
1 Good as/yet he is, he’ll have difficulty getting into the team.
2 Despite she played/playing her best, she didn’t make it to the final.
3 Take another pair of boots in case/on condition that the pitch is wet.
4 Despite/Although the fact that it was her first tournament, she showed no sign of nerves.
5 I prefer playing in defence, whereas/despite my brother would rather play up front.
6 Loretta doesn’t know much about rugby. She enjoys watching her local team, though/although.
7 Despite/Though the pitch was in poor condition, the game was quite exciting.
8 He didn’t seem to take training seriously and yet/whereas he always scored in league matches.
9 Wear a pair of gloves in case it gets/will get cold.
10 The match went ahead despite/even though the extremely wet weather.
1 Although he’s very skilful, he’s not really a team player. MAY
He he’s not really a team player.
2 Even though the home team improved considerably in the second half,
the match ended in a draw. CONSIDERABLE
In spite by the home team in the second half,
the match ended in a draw.
3 The women’s water polo team were given little chance of winning the tournament but
they pulled it off. DESPITE
The woman’s water polo team won the tournament
little chance of pulling it off.
4 Get a ticket early because there might not be any left at the end of the week. CASE
Get a ticket early any left at the end of the week.
5 He ran a personal best but he only managed to win a bronze medal. EVEN
He only managed to win a bronze medal than he
had ever run before.
6 Having a badly-bruised ankle didn’t stop Erica from participating in
her school’s sports day. ALTHOUGH
She participated in her school’s sports day
badly bruised.
7 The golfer failed to win a major championship, but that didn’t disappoint his fans. FAILURE
Despite a major championship, his fans weren’t
disappointed.
8 Even though she couldn’t play in the final, she celebrated with the team afterwards. BEING
She celebrated with the team after the final, despite
play in the match.
9 Although she tried to break the world record several times, she only came close once. FACT
Despite several attempts to break the world,
she only came close once.
10 The manager’s decision might have been unpopular, but it was the right one. MANAGER
Though the decision that unpopular, it was the right one.
24
Unit 12

1 Lee missed the game because of/despite a leg injury.
2 They acted though/as though they had become world champions.
3 That/What she needs is more self-confidence.
4 As/Though there weren’t any facilities nearby, they had to travel to the nearest town to train.
5 There/It hasn’t been an Olympic champion from that country since 1992.
6 He won the game from/by concentrating on his opponent’s weakness.
7 She played netball for England just as/like her mother.
8 The fans were kept apart so as/so that trouble could be avoided.
9 A draw was not what/that the home supporters had expected.
10 There/They are only four riders left in the event.
1 Judging by what he says, Arnold seems to be disappointed with his recent performances. IF
It sounds disappointed with his recent performances.
2 Since he wanted to enter a bodybuilding competition, he returned from his holiday early. ORDER
He returned from his holiday early in for a bodybuilding
competition.
3 He very wisely decided to stop boxing and that’s why he managed to avoid serious injury. BECAUSE
He managed to avoid serious injury decision to stop boxing.
4 He started playing golf so that he wouldn’t lose fitness. BY
He was able to stay up golf.
5 As far as the doctor is concerned, Peter doesn’t have to give up sailing. REASON
According to the doctor, Peter should give up sailing.
6 They became favourites to win the tournament because of their easy win in the quarter-final. THEY
As , they became favourites to win the tournament.
7 In my opinion, it will be impossible for that team to win the league this season. WAY
I don’t think that team can win the league this season.
8 The preparations for the opening of the new stadium weren’t very good, so it wasn’t a success. HAD
Because they for the opening of the new stadium,
it wasn’t a success.
9 She moved closer to the swimming pool in order to be able to train more. SO
She moved closer to the swimming pool more training.
10 It was reported in several newspapers that he wanted to leave the club, so he was
left out of the team. THERE
He wasn’t included in the team because that he wanted
to leave the club.
25
Causative, Indirect Questions
Pronouns, Possessives and Possession
Adjective Order
1 I’m not sure why is she being/she is being so mean to her brother.
2 Please have them fix/to fix the tap as soon as possible.
3 They’ve recently had the Town Hall paint/painted.
4 Would you mind to tell/telling me where the party is?
5 She won’t have anyone to give/giving orders in her department!
6 Why don’t you get an expert look/to look at it?
7 He had smashed a window/had a window smashed yesterday.
8 They’ll get your computer working/work in no time.
9 She’s going to have her book published from/by an international company.
10 Can you tell me where did she study/she studied anthropology?
1 How fast did Liverpool grow in the nineteenth century? KNOW
Do you in the nineteenth century?
2 The golf club committee have rejected his application. HAS
He down by the golf club committee.
3 Why does she keep lying about her friends’ gang activities? UNDERSTAND
I can’t want to tell the truth about her friends’
gang activities.
4 It was wrong of you not to bring an expert to carry out repairs to the security system. GOT
You should repair the security system.
5 The paparazzi took the star’s photo as she arrived at the restaurant. HAD
The star the paparazzi as she arrived at the restaurant.
6 I’ll make sure my secretary sends you all the papers by the end of the week. HAVE
I you all the papers by the end of the week.
7 When did you know about Peter’s intention to break up with Angela? GOING
Could you tell me when to break up with Angela?
8 Nobody is going to advise me about who I should be friends with from now on. ANYONE
I won’t have advice about who I should or shouldn’t
be friends with any more.
9 How many times a week do Rob and Jenny see each other? OFTEN
I wonder out with Jenny.
10 Alison is going to employ a detective to discover what happened to the missing evidence. GET
Alison intends to out what happened to the
missing evidence.
26
Unit 13

1 Get some help if you can’t do it on/by your own.
2 Have you seen the front door/door’s keys anywhere?
3 That car belongs to a friend of her/hers.
4 We found an old yellow plastic/old plastic yellow ball in the box.
5 Can you tell me where Carrie and Tom’s/Carrie’s and Tom’s house is?
6 You two can’t go into town by yourself/yourselves and that’s final.
7 When we reached the hill’s top/top of the hill, we could see the whole village.
8 I’ll see you all in a few days’/day’s time.
9 I’d like some of those nice big red/big nice red apples, please.
10 ‘How nice it is to have good friends,’ he thought to/by himself.
B Use one word in each gap to complete the text.

A Nasty Accident
When I first heard about a friend of (1) hurting (2) while he was riding his bike,
I immediately thought to (3) that he only had a few cuts and bruises. Then I found out he was
in hospital with several broken bones, so I called (4) sister to arrange for (5) to
drive me to see (6) .
When we arrived at the hospital, we asked to see a neighbour of (7) who worked there as a nurse.
She told (8) that as he’d been badly injured and we weren’t family, we’d have to get permission
to visit. We waited as she went to speak to two doctors who were talking to (9) another. Luckily,
she got permission from (10) for a five-minute visit.
When Jane and (11) eventually saw Gary, we found (12) looking at someone
who looked more like a mummy than a person. He was covered in plaster and would have to spend the next three
months in bed.
C Use between two and five words, including the word given, to complete the second sentence so that it has a
1 Liam doesn’t sit next to anyone during his lessons, but it doesn’t bother him. OWN
Liam doesn’t mind during his lessons.
2 One of their acquaintances set up my interview with the managing director. THEIRS
It was set up my interview with the managing director.
3 ‘Relax! You don’t have to behave formally here,’ she said as she showed her guest
into the living room. HOME
‘Make ,’ she said as she showed her guest into the living room.
4 They found the concert disappointing. ENJOY
They at the concert.
5 The owner and manager were in conversation about a charity event. EACH
The owner and manager were talking about a charity event.
27
Participle Clauses
Verbs + that clause
Cleft Sentences, Adverbs, no matter
1 Never having seen/seeing a blue whale before, I had no idea of the sheer size of the creature.
2 We consider the tiger’s survival is/to be essential.
3 Having been studied/Having studied more carefully in recent years, the clouded leopard has become better
understood.
4 Looking into the sky, two ospreys could be seen/ we could see two ospreys.
5 Having not/Not having owned a parrot, I can’t say how easy they are to look after.
6 Seeing the deer had been injured, it was taken to/I phoned the wildlife rescue centre.
7 While walking through the forest, there were/we spotted several rare birds.
8 The deer caught/catching in the fence made a full recovery.
9 Trained properly, they make/we make them good guard dogs.
10 The marine biologists studied/studying the fish gathered vital information about it.
1 It is the scientists’ strong belief that the butterfly disappeared because the grass
grew too long. THAT
The scientists disappearance was caused by the grass
growing too long.
2 As Sheryl didn’t know how to keep fish, she bought a plant instead. ANYTHING
Not fish, Sheryl bought a plant instead.
3 She is thought to have been attacked by the alligator because she was behaving
irresponsibly near the river. WAS
They think behaviour near the river that caused the
alligator to attack.
4 The snake bite Jerry suffered resulted in him becoming much more careful around reptiles. BY
Having , Jerry became much more careful around reptiles.
5 They’re vastly experienced, so they’ll probably be able to take some good photographs. VAST
Taking account, it’s highly likely they’ll be able to take
some good photographs.
6 He’s taken care of badly injured birds, so he knows how to treat them. LOOKED
Having injuries, he knows how to treat them.
7 They managed to get confirmation that her actions saved the boy’s life. WHAT
They managed to confirm did saved the boy’s life.
8 During our investigation of the causes of the parrots’ illness, we made some
amazing discoveries. LOOKING
While reasons why the parrots were becoming ill,
we made some amazing discoveries.
9 We got proof that their actions were illegal. DID
We was illegal.
10 Paula didn’t realise how dangerous the situation was, so she wasn’t worried. AWARE
Not of the situation, Paula wasn’t worried.
28
Unit 14

1 No matter how brave you are/are you, coming face to face with a grizzly bear is a frightening experience.
2 Cobras don’t usually/usually don’t act aggressively unless they are threatened.
3 He might not have/have not survived if he’d been alone.
4 The donkey wouldn’t move, however/no matter hard we tried to get it to take a step.
5 How he succeeded/did he succeed in riding the bull is beyond me.
6 Don’t be surprised if the dog growls at you because it always does/does always when a stranger walks in.
7 They always are/are always willing to take in a stray dog or cat.
8 That/What I saw was not a bear. It was something much bigger!
9 You hardly ever see/don’t see often a tiger in the wild.
10 There/It was a mountain lion that attacked him, not a coyote.
1 Calvin is determined to get a pet snake, despite his parents’ strong objections. MATTER
Calvin is determined to get a pet snake,
his parents object.
2 Nobody has any idea why the elephant attacked its keeper. WENT
Why keeper is a mystery.
3 It was the first time she’d ever participated in a wild bird count. NEVER
She part in a wild bird count before.
4 It is very rare for hippos to let someone get close to them. HARDLY
Hippos anyone to get close to them.
5 She doesn’t take any notice of people who tell her that working with lions is dangerous. WHAT
She will continue working with lions, says.
6 I think Austin’s determination to get the best wildlife shots is the reason for his success. IT
I think that has allowed Austin to become a
successful wildlife photographer.
7 You can try offering them some meat to encourage them to come out, but they might
just ignore it. ALWAYS
Offering them some meat to encourage them to come out is a good idea,
but work.
8 As the small group of tourists looked around, they realised they were surrounded by buffalo. WHICH
The small group of tourists saw buffalo in front of them,
they looked.
9 Alligators often carry off pets, so it’s likely that one was responsible for the
cat’s disappearance. PROBABLY
It was off the cat.
10 A dog’s intelligence is no guarantee that it will pass the police training course. HOWEVER
Certain dogs do not pass the police training course are.
29
Inversion 1 & 2
1 Rarely do you get/you have the chance to see an active volcano from its rim.
2 They not only took/did take our passports but they also stole our shoes.
3 The children were taught how to catch fish and so did/was their grandmother.
4 So heavily the rain fell/did the rain fall that the water level in the river rose quickly.
5 Not only the visitors but also their guides felt/did they feel nervous in some parts of the jungle.
6 Little they realised/did they realise how dangerous the soldier ants were.
7 I didn’t know much about Asian history and so/neither did my fellow travellers.
8 Never again would he/he would see such an amazing sunset.
9 Neither during this stay nor during the last one did the hotel owner give/the hotel owner gave me a discount.
10 Neither Anya nor Lora offered/did they offer to show me around.
1 I won’t tolerate his rude comments from now on. AGAIN
Never up with his rude comments.
2 Geraldine teaches both geography and geology. ONLY
Not geography but she teaches geology as well.
3 They weren’t friendly towards each other on either of their last two meetings. GET
Neither on their last meeting nor on the previous one
with each other.
4 It is very unusual for anyone to observe an anaconda catching its prey. HAVE
Rarely catching their prey.
5 Both my sister and I had a great time. SO
I enjoyed my sister.
6 The area in which most active volcanoes are found is called the ‘Pacific ring of fire’. ARE
Nowhere than in an area called the ‘Pacific ring of fire’.
7 The guide’s calm behaviour resulted in the travellers being unaware of the danger
they were in. DID
So that the travellers were unaware of the danger
they were in.
8 It was the first time they’d postponed a match because the stadium was inside
a crime scene. BEFORE
Never off a match because the stadium was inside
a crime scene.
9 There isn’t much chance of him deciding what the company should do without talking
to his mother first. EVER
Hardly decision about what the company should do
without talking to his mother first.
10 They were disappointed with their camping holiday and decided sleeping in a tent was not for them. FIND
So their camping holiday that they decided sleeping in
a tent was not for them.
30
Unit 15

1 Only after you have registered will you be/you will be allowed to vote.
2 You shouldn’t mention the theft under no/any circumstances.
3 It wasn’t until/when huge numbers of police officers moved in that the riots stopped.
4 Only can an engineer/an engineer can solve the problem.
5 Not for one moment I thought/did I think you’d stolen the wallet.
6 Only when did he return/he returned was he able to see the extent of the damage.
7 Barely did she sit/had she sat down in the café when her friend arrived.
8 At no time there were/were there any security guards near the entrance.
9 Scarcely had he opened the door than/when he realised there was someone in his flat.
10 Only a few people have seen/have they seen a star-nosed mole in the wild.
1 You can’t leave until you’ve got official permission. ABLE
Only after you’ve got official permission leave.
2 There is no reason why you should show these papers to the defence lawyer. SHOWN
On no account to the defence lawyer.
3 We scored and then the final whistle blew. SOONER
No the final whistle blew.
4 They’ve only given us assistance once since they arrived. OCCASION
Only on us out since they arrived.
5 They won’t demolish the old railway station until archaeologists have carefully
examined the site. PULL
Not until archaeologists have carefully examined the site
the old railway station.
6 They needed a third fire engine to extinguish the fire. MANAGE
Only when the third fire engine arrived out the fire.
7 Neither keeper had any experience of raising lion cubs. EVER
Neither keeper up a lion cub before.
8 It was never my belief that Isha was guilty. MOMENT
Not for that Isha was guilty.
9 Boris stole the research and claimed it was his own. ONLY
Not the research but he also claimed it was his own.
10 They could only confirm it was genuine after a careful examination. CAREFULLY
Only by confirm it was genuine.
31

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B2

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

Christina: (1) (you go) on holiday this year?

Christina: That (5) (sound) interesting.

John: It (6) (be) all right, I (7) (suppose). Anyway, it

Christina: You (11) (not seem) very enthusiastic.

A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct alternatives.

Student advisor: Why (1) (you want) to study biology at university?

Student: I (2) (be) interested in science since I was a child and I

Student advisor: I see. (4) (you ever work) in a proper laboratory?

Student advisor: (6) (you decide) which universities to apply to yet?

Student: Well, I (7) (think) of applying to Warwick. They

Student advisor: Good. I’m sure you will be, too.

Mother: When we (1) (get) home, you two (2) (shout) at

Alison: I (3) (listen) to my iPod while I (4) (do) my

Mother: What (7) (you do) then?

Alison: I (8) (ask) her to give it back.

Alison: That was because you (11) (start) laughing while I

Mother: OK. You’re both grounded for a week!

Alison, That’s not fair!

I’ll send some photos, including ones with Janine in.

B Use an article, the, a, or an, to complete the text if one is necessary.

A Complete the sentences by choosing the correct alternatives.

B Complete each short dialogue by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative(s).

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

B Use one word in each gap to complete the text.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

A Complete each sentence by choosing the correct alternative.

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