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    Fluid M1 G1 22.11.12

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    Riss Edullantes
    This document contains a midterm exam for a fluid mechanics course with 6 questions covering topics like viscosity, pressure, hydrostatic force, and friction. Viscosity is defined as the "stickiness" of a fluid caused by molecular interactions, and liquids have higher viscosity than gases. Pressure is directly proportional to fluid height and questions involve calculating pressure for stationary and moving containers of water. Hydrostatic force on structures like gates is calculated based on fluid height and dimensions. Friction forces on objects moving on surfaces are determined using coefficients of friction and reduced by applying low viscosity films between surfaces.

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    Fluid M1 G1 22.11.12

    Uploaded by

    Riss Edullantes
    177 views2 pages
    This document contains a midterm exam for a fluid mechanics course with 6 questions covering topics like viscosity, pressure, hydrostatic force, and friction. Viscosity is defined as the "stickiness" of a fluid caused by molecular interactions, and liquids have higher viscosity than gases. Pressure is directly proportional to fluid height and questions involve calculating pressure for stationary and moving containers of water. Hydrostatic force on structures like gates is calculated based on fluid height and dimensions. Friction forces on objects moving on surfaces are determined using coefficients of friction and reduced by applying low viscosity films between surfaces.

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    fluid mech

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    fluid_M1_G1_22.11.12

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    This document contains a midterm exam for a fluid mechanics course with 6 questions covering topics like viscosity, pressure, hydrostatic force, and friction. Viscosity is defined as the "stickiness" of a fluid caused by molecular interactions, and liquids have higher viscosity than gases. Pressure is directly proportional to fluid height and questions involve calculating pressure for stationary and moving containers of water. Hydrostatic force on structures like gates is calculated based on fluid height and dimensions. Friction forces on objects moving on surfaces are determined using coefficients of friction and reduced by applying low viscosity films between surfaces.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    177 views2 pages

    Fluid M1 G1 22.11.12

    Uploaded by

    Riss Edullantes
    This document contains a midterm exam for a fluid mechanics course with 6 questions covering topics like viscosity, pressure, hydrostatic force, and friction. Viscosity is defined as the "stickiness" of a fluid caused by molecular interactions, and liquids have higher viscosity than gases. Pressure is directly proportional to fluid height and questions involve calculating pressure for stationary and moving containers of water. Hydrostatic force on structures like gates is calculated based on fluid height and dimensions. Friction forces on objects moving on surfaces are determined using coefficients of friction and reduced by applying low viscosity films between surfaces.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    YILDIZ Technical University

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Fluid Mechanics – Midterm -I- exam questions (G1)
    Name, Surname No

    1- What is viscosity? What is the cause of it in liquids and in gases? Do liquids or gases have higher dynamic
    viscosities?

    Viscosity is a measure of the “stickiness” or “resistance to deformation” of a fluid. It is due to the internal
    frictional force that develops between different layers of fluids as they are forced to move relative to each
    other. Viscosity is caused by the cohesive forces between the molecules in liquids, and by the molecular
    collisions in gases. Liquids have higher dynamic viscosities than gases.

    2- Consider two identical glasses of water, one stationary and the other moving on a horizontal plane with constant
    acceleration. Assuming no splashing or spilling occurs, which glass will have a higher pressure at the (a) front, (b)
    midpoint, and (c) back of the bottom surface?

    The pressure at the bottom surface is constant when the glass is stationary. For a glass moving on a
    horizontal plane with constant acceleration, water will collect at the back but the water depth will remain
    constant at the center. Therefore, the pressure at the midpoint will be the same for both glasses. But the
    bottom pressure will be low at the front relative to the stationary glass, and high at the back (again relative
    to the stationary glass). Note that the pressure in all cases is the hydrostatic pressure, which is directly
    proportional to the fluid height.

    3- Two round, open tanks containing the same type of fluid rest on a table top as
    shown in Figure. They have the same bottom area, A, but different shapes. When
    the depth, h, of the liquid in the two tanks is the same, the pressure force of the
    liquids on the bottom of the two tanks is the same. However, the force that the
    table exerts on the two tanks is different because the weight in each of the tanks is
    different. How do you account for this apparent paradox?

    For the tank with the inclined walls the pressure on the bottom is due to the weight of liquid in the column
    directly above the bottom as shown the dashed lines in the figure. This is the same weight as that for the
    tank with the straight sides. Thus, the pressure on the bottom of the two tanks is the same. The additional
    weight in the tank with the inclined walls is supported by the inclined walls, as illustrated in the figure.

    4- The pressure of water flowing through a pipe is measured by the


    arrangement shown in Figure. For the values given, calculate the pressure in
    the pipe.
       
     
      
        
     
     
       
      
     
     8/12 0.6667

    P !" 30  1000 ∙ 9.81 ∙ (0.50


    2.4 ∙ 0.06 ∙ 0.6667
    0.06 ∙ 0.6667,/1000

     =33.6 kPa

    5- A 3-m-high, 6-m-wide rectangular gate is hinged at the top


    edge at A and is restrained by a fixed ridge at B. Determine
    the hydrostatic force exerted on the gate by the 5-m-high
    water and the location of the pressure center.
    336
    ./ 0 1 2 1000 ∙ 9.81 ∙ 3.5 ∙
    618 45
    1000
    9 9
    3 3
    67 8   2  3.71 :
    9
    2 12(8  , 2 12(2  3,
    2 2

    22.11.2012 Prof. Dr. Ali PINARBAŞI


    YILDIZ Technical University
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    Fluid Mechanics – Midterm -I- exam questions (G1)
    Name, Surname No

    6- A 50x30x20-cm block weighing 150 N is to be moved at a constant


    velocity of 0.8 m/s on an inclined surface with a friction coefficient of
    0.27. (a) Determine the force F that needs to be applied in the horizontal
    direction. (b) If a 0.4-mm-thick oil film with a dynamic viscosity of
    0.012 Pa.s is applied between the block and inclined surface, determine
    the percent reduction in the required force.

    ∑ .< 0: .
    .>? cos 20
    .C sin 20 0

    F .G 0: .C cos 20
    .>? sin 20
    H 0

    Friction force: Ff=fFN1

    H 150
    .C 177.0 5
    cos 20
    I 20 cos 20
    0.27  20

    . .J cos 20  .C sin 20 (0.273177, cos 20  177 sin 20 105.5 5

    M (N.O<N. ,N.P
    .>? K 1> L1> 0.012 ∙ 2.4 5
    ? Q< NRS

    F .< 0: .
    .>? cos 20
    .C sin 20 0

    F .G 0: .C cos 20
    .>? sin 20
    H 0

    .>? sin 20  H (2.4 sin 20  150,


    .C 160.5 5
    cos 20 cos 20

    . .>? cos 20  .C sin 20 2.4 cos 20  160.5 sin 20 57.2 5

    TURTV NO.OWOX.
    Percentage reduction in the required force: 100 100 45.8 %
    TU NO.O

    22.11.2012 Prof. Dr. Ali PINARBAŞI

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