LDG Gear

The landing gear consists of :
‐ two main gear that retract inboard,

‐ a nose gear that retracts forward.
Gear and doors are electrically controlled and hydraulically operated.

The doors, which are fitted to the landing gear struts, are operated mechanically by the gear and
close at the end of gear retraction.
All gear doors open while the gear is retracting or extending.
Two Landing Gear Control and Interface Units (LGCIUs) control the extension and retraction of the
gear and the operation of the doors.
They also supply information about the landing gear to ECAM
for display, and send signals indicating whether the aircraft is in flight or on the ground to other
aircraft systems.
A hand crank on the center pedestal allows the flight crew to extend the landing gear if the aircraft
loses hydraulic systems or electrical power.
MAIN GEAR : Each main gear has twin wheels and an oleopneumatic shock absorber.
Each main wheel has an antiskid brake.
NOSE GEAR : The two-wheeled nose gear has an oleopneumatic shock strut and a nose wheel steering
system.
LANDING GEARS AND DOORS OPERATION

The flight crew normally operates the landing gear by means of the lever on the center instrument
panel.
The LGCIUs control the sequencing of gear and doors electrically. One LGCIU controls one
complete gear cycle, then switches over automatically to the other LGCIU at the completion of the
retraction cycle. It also switches over in case of failure. The green hydraulic system actuates all gear and
doors. When the aircraft is flying faster than
260 kt, a safety valve automatically cuts off hydraulic supply to the landing gear system. Below
260 kt, the hydraulic supply remains cut off as long as the landing gear lever is up.
EMERGENCY EXTENSION
If the normal system fails to extend the gear hydraulically, the flight crew can use a crank to extend
it mechanically.
When a crew member turns the crank, it :
‐ isolates the landing gear hydraulics from the green hydraulic system,
‐ unlocks the landing gear doors and the main and nose main gear,
‐ allows gravity to drop the gear into the extended position.
The gear doors remain open.
The flight crew can reset the emergency extension system in flight after using it for training (if
green hydraulic pressure is available)
GENERAL
The LGCIUs receive position information from the landing gear, cargo door, and landing flap
systems.
The LGCIUs receive the following information about the landing gear from proximity detectors :
‐ gear locked down or up,
‐ shock absorbers compressed or extended,
‐ landing gear door open or closed.
Electrical failure of an LGCIU :

‐ The other (healthy) LGCIU takes control of the landing gear.
‐ The system does not force the outputs of the failed LGCIU to the safe (flight) condition.
• Some users will see “flight” condition.
• Some users will see “ground” condition
LANDING GEAR INDICATOR PANEL
This panel is connected to LGCIU1, which receives signals from proximity detectors.
UNLK: comes on red if the gear is not locked in the selected position.
▿ : comes on green if the gear is locked down.
This panel is connected to the LGCIU1 only, therefore, the lights on the LDG GEAR
indicator panel come on as long as the LGCIU1 is electrically supplied.
If one UNLK indication remains on, the landing gear position can be confirmed using the
WHEEL SD page (information from LGCIU 1 & 2). Only one green triangle on each landing
gear is sufficient to confirm that the landing gear is downlocked.
LANDING GEAR SELECTOR LEVER
A two-position selector lever sends electrical signals to the two LGCIUs. These control the green
hydraulic supply to the landing gear system by means of selector valves.
When the flight crew selects UP or DOWN (and if the airspeed is below 260 kt):
‐ All landing gear doors open.
‐ Each landing gear moves to the selected position.
‐ All landing gear doors close.
(1) L/G LEVER

UP : This position selects landing gear retraction.
While the landing gear doors are opening, the normal brake system brakes the
wheels of the main gear automatically.
(2) DOWN : This position selects landing gear extension.
An interlock mechanism prevents anyone from accidentally retracting the gear
while the aircraft is on the ground. It does so by locking the lever in DOWN position
when the shock absorber on either main gear is compressed (aircraft on ground) or
the nose wheel steering is not centered.
The landing gear hydraulic system remains pressurized as long as the landing gear
is extended (if green hydraulic pressure is available).
(2) RED ARROW

This red arrow lights up if the landing gear is not locked down when the aircraft is in the landing
configuration, and a red warning appears on ECAM
EMERGENCY EXTENSION
To put the landing gear down by gravity, the flight crew must pull the gear crank out, then turn it
clockwise for 3 turns.
When the flight crew operates the crank handle, the cutout valve shuts off hydraulic pressure to the
landing gear system and depressurizes it.
ECAM WHEEL PAGE :

(1) Landing gear position indication
The landing gear positions are indicated by 2 triangles for each gear.
‐ A green triangle indicates that one LGCIU detects a landing gear downlocked,
‐ A red triangle indicates that one LGCIU detects a landing gear in transit,
‐ No triangle indicates that one LGCIU detects a landing gear uplocked,
‐ Amber crosses will replace the right triangle to indicate that LGCIU 1 or LGCIU 2 has failed.
Note: Only one green triangle on each landing gear strut is sufficient to confirm that the
landing gear is downlocked.
2) Landing gear door position indication
(3) UP LOCK
This legend appears amber along with a caution on the ECAM if the landing gear uplock is
engaged when the landing gear is down locked.
(4) L/G CTL
This legend appears amber along with an ECAM caution if the landing gear lever and the
landing gear position do not agree. This legend only appears when the landing gear is moving
to the selected position.
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS
GEAR NOT DOWNLOCKED

One gear not downlocked and L/G selected down
GEAR NOT DOWN

1. L/G not downlocked and radio height lower than 750 ft and both engines N1 lower than 75 % (or if engine shut down N1 of
remaining engine lower than 97 %)
or
2. L/G not downlocked and radio height lower than 750 ft and both engines not at T.O power and flaps at 1, 2, 3 or FULL
or
3. L/G not downlocked and flaps at 3 or FULL and
both radio altimeters failed
Note: In the cases 2 and 3 above, the aural warning can only be cancelled by the emergency cancel pushbutton
SHOCK ABSORBER FAULT

One shock absorber not extended when airborne Or not compressed after landing
DOORS NOT CLOSED One gear door is not uplocked
GEAR NOT UPLOCKED One gear not uplocked and L/G not selected down
GEAR UPLOCK FAULT

One gear uplock engaged with corresponding gear downlocked
LGCIU 1+2 FAULT OR LGCIU 1(2) FAULT
SYS DISAGREE Disagree between L/G positions detected by the two LGCIU's
NOSE WHEEL STEERING
A hydraulic actuating cylinder steers the nose wheel. The yellow hydraulic system supplies pressure
to the cylinder, and electric signals from the Brake and Steering Control Unit (BSCU) control it.
The BSCU receives orders from:
‐ The Captain's and the First Officer’s steering hand wheels (orders added algebraically),
‐ The rudder pedals,
‐ The autopilot.
The BSCU transforms these orders into nose wheel steering angle
The steering system receives actuating hydraulic pressure when:

‐ The A/SKID & N/W STRG switch is on and,
‐ The towing control lever is in normal position and,
‐ At least one engine is running and,
‐ The aircraft is on ground.
The handwheel can turn the nosewheel up to 75 ° in either direction. A lever, on the towing electrical
box (on nose landing gear), enables ground crew to deactivate the steering system for towing. Then
the wheel can be turned 95 ° in either direction.
To prevent rudder pedal orders, or autopilot orders, from going to the BSCU, the pilots can use the
pushbutton on either steering handwheel.
An internal cam mechanism returns the nose wheel to the centered position after takeoff
When the nose wheel steering selector is in the towing position, this display shows “NW STRG
DISC” in green. The legend is amber if one engine is running.
BRAKES AND ANTISKID
The main wheels are equipped with carbon multidisc brakes, which can be actuated by either of two
independent brake systems.
The normal system uses green hydraulic pressure, whereas the alternate system uses the yellow
hydraulic system backed up by the hydraulic accumulator.
An anti-skid and autobrake system is also provided.
Braking commands come from either the brake pedals (pilot action), or the autobrake system
(deceleration rate selected by the crew).
In normal operation, a dual channel Brake and Steering Control Unit (BSCU) controls normal braking
and antiskid.
Depending on the failure, braking may revert to:

‐ Alternate braking with antiskid. This braking mode is controlled by the Alternate Braking Control
Unit (ABCU). The antiskid is controlled by the BSCU.
‐ Alternate braking without antiskid. This braking mode is fully-controlled by the ABCU.
‐ Alternate braking without antiskid on accumulator. This braking mode is fully-controlled by the
ABCU.
All the normal and alternate braking components are fully-monitored. Any detected failure is signaled
to the crew via ECAM warnings.
The BSCU performs the following secondary functions:

‐ It checks the residual pressure in the brakes,
‐ It monitors the brake temperature,
‐ It provides discrete wheel speed information to other aircraft systems
A changeover between the two BSCU channels takes place at each DOWN landing gear lever
selection, or in case one channel fails.
The main gear wheels are fitted with fusible plugs which protect against tire burst, in the event of
overheat.
Main gear wheels are also equipped with brake cooling fans , which permit a high speed cooling
of brakes.
ANTI-SKID SYSTEM
The speed of each main gear wheel (given by a tachometer) is compared to the aircraft speed
(reference speed). When the speed of a wheel decreases below approximately 0.87 times
(depending on conditions) reference speed, brake release orders are given to maintain the wheel
slip at that value (best braking efficiency).
In normal operation, the reference speed is determined by the BSCU from the horizontal
acceleration of ADIRU 1, 2 or 3.
In case all ADIRUs fail, reference speed equals the maximum of either main landing gear wheel
speeds.
AUTO BRAKE
SYSTEM ACTIVATION
Automatic braking is activated:

‐ at the command for ground spoilers extension for LO and MED mode.
-at the command for ground spoilers extension and the aircraft speed is above 40 kt, for MAX
Mode
For autobrake to activate, at least two SEC’s must be operative
BRAKING MODES

LDG Gear

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LDG Gear

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The landing gear consists of :

‐ two main gear that retract inboard,

Gear and doors are electrically controlled and hydraulically operated.

LANDING GEARS AND DOORS OPERATION

Electrical failure of an LGCIU :

LANDING GEAR INDICATOR PANEL

LANDING GEAR SELECTOR LEVER

(1) L/G LEVER

(2) RED ARROW

ECAM WHEEL PAGE :

2) Landing gear door position indication

GEAR NOT DOWNLOCKED

GEAR NOT DOWN

SHOCK ABSORBER FAULT

DOORS NOT CLOSED One gear door is not uplocked

GEAR UPLOCK FAULT

LGCIU 1+2 FAULT OR LGCIU 1(2) FAULT

NOSE WHEEL STEERING

The steering system receives actuating hydraulic pressure when:

BRAKES AND ANTISKID

Depending on the failure, braking may revert to:

The BSCU performs the following secondary functions:

Automatic braking is activated:

For autobrake to activate, at least two SEC’s must be operative

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