Unit 3: Living condition

LIVING CONDITION

UNIT OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

• Use vocabulary relating to the topic (living conditions,
towns, countryside, facilities …)
• Pronounce word stress, ’ll or ’d form and rhyming
words
• Use conditional sentences type 1, 2 and 3
• Develop listening, reading and speaking skills via
practical exercises relating to this topic

OVERVIEW

1 2 3
WARMING UP GRAMMAR VOCABULARY
• Conditional sentences: Real con-
• Places which people belong to. Vocabulary about living
ditional sentence, unreal condi-
• Where do you like living: in tional sentence at present, unreal conditions
conditional sentence in the past)
the city or in the countryside?
• Comparison of conditional sen-
tences type I, II, III

4 5 6
PRONUNCIATION READING LISTENING
• Word stress • The farming life for me • How socially responsible are you
• ’ll or ’d form • Tales of two cities • Advantages of city life and
• Rhyming sounds country life
• Coping with stress

7 8 9
SPEAKING WRITING KEY
• City profiles Write a letter to a friend about
• Your country your vacation on your ant’s
farm.

DURATION (12 PERIODS)

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A. To which place the following things or people belong?

In the city In the countryside?

- -
- -

Skyscraper Cinema Milk cow Rice field

Night club Farm house Farmer Office worker

B. Where do you like living: in the city or in the countryside? Why?

A. Conditional sentences

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are
used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain
condition (in the conditional clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional
Sentences.

1 FIRST CONDITIONAL (REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE)

FORM
If + S1+ V(simple present), S1 + will + V(infinitive)

Example: If he works too hard, he will get tired.

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USES
• We use the first conditional to talk about something that will probably happen.
Example: If I have to work late, I won’t be able to go out tonight.
• When we ask a question in the first conditional, we use the question form in the result
clause. The if clause does not change.
Example: If you get the job, will you have to move?

Notes:
We can use unless in the first conditional to mean if not.
Example: Unless you go to the doctor, you won’t know what medicine to take.
→ (if you don’t go to the doctor, you won’t know what medicine to take).
Unless it snows a lot, we won’t be able to go skiing.
→ (If it doesn’t snow a lot, we won’t be able to go skiing).

PRACTICE

1 Complete the following sentences in the First conditional.

Example: If I stop eating sweets, I will lose weight. (I/lose weight)
1. If they move to the city,................................... (they/ be much happier).
2. If I lend you my jacket,.....................................? (you/ give it back tomorrow)
3. If she gets up early, .......................................... (she/ make breakfast).
4. If you drink too much coffee............................. (you/ not be able to sleep well).
5. If the boss yells at her, ...................................... (she/ get upset).
6. If it rains tomorrow, .......................................... ( we not play tennis).
7. If you earn some extra money, ...........................? (you/ take us out for dinner)
8. If we leave right now, ........................................ (we/ catch the last train home).

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses.
Example: If we win our next game, we will be in the finals. (win)
1. If he................... that watch, he won’t have any money left. (buy)
2. If you.................. your medicine, you won’t get better. (not take)
3. They.................... on vacation if she gets a new job. (not go)
4. If I have to wait much longer, I..................... very happy. (not be)
5. .............................. her if I give you her number? (you/ call)
6. If he...................... comedies, he won’t like this movie. (not enjoy)
7. If he...................... that spicy food, he will need to drink lots of water. (eat)
8. If there is no gas in the car, it...................... (not start).
9. I’m sure he will help you if you.................. nicely. ( ask)
10. You..................... wet if you go out in this weather. (get).

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3 Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I.
Example: Thomas ................. (not/to catch) the bus if he ................. (to get up) late.
→ Thomas won't catch the bus if he gets up late.
1. If you ................. (to dive) into this river, you ................. (to hurt) yourself.
2. If the sun ................. (to shine), the children ................. (to play) outside.
3. Richard ................. (to walk) to school if he ................. (to miss) the bus.
4. Emily ................. (to buy) the cola if you ................. (to pack) the picnic basket.
5. If I ................. (to be) in Venice, I ................. (to rent) a boat.
6. Michael's teacher ................. (to phone) his parents if he ................. (to write) text messages
during the lesson.
7. If she .................(to answer) this question correctly, she................. (to get) an extra point.
8. My sister ................. (to be) angry if I ................. (to turn) on the music too loud.
9. Your room .............. (to look) much tidier if you ......... (to keep) your hamster in the cage.
10. If we ................. (to surf) the Internet, we ................. (to find) a lot of information about
Loch Ness.

3 Complete the sentences with unless. Use the words from the box.

accept this offer read the book first do his best

get enough sleep tonight call him immediately take your dentist advice
bring some food read the instruction escape

Example: Unless it escapes, the dog won’t bite any more.

1. ..........................................................., you won’t really understand the movie.
2. ..........................................................., you will have problems with your teeth.
3. ..........................................................., there won’t be enough for everyone at the picnic.
4. ..........................................................., he won’t succeed.
5. ..........................................................., you won’t know how to operate the equipment.
6. ..........................................................., she won’t get another one.
7. ..........................................................., he will feel very tired tomorrow.
8. ..........................................................., you won’t be able to speak to him today.

2 SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE AT PRESENT)

FORM
If + S1+ V(simple past), S2 + would + V(infinitive)

USES
We use the second conditional:
• To talk about something that is impossible
Example: If I were the boss, I would give everyone a pay rise.
• To talk about something that is possible but unlikely.
Example: If I sold my house, I would buy a very expensive car.
• To give advice, usually with the phrase If I were you,...
Example: If I were you, I would eat less fast food.
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PRACTICE
1 Complete the sentences with the second conditional
Example: If he ate fewer sweets, he wouldn’t have so many problems with his teeth. (eat, not have)

1. If I................. more time, I .................... and watch the movie with you. (have, stay).
2. If I................. you, I.................... for some advice. ( be, ask)
3. The team................. if all the players....................... harder. (improve, train)
4. If you...................... to work every day, it................... you more. (drive, cost)
5. You......................... so cold if you............................... warmer clothes. (not feel, wear)
6. If we............... our own vegetables, we........................ money. (grow, save)
7. If she............... earlier, she.................... have breakfast at home. (get up, be able to)

2 Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type II.
Example: If I ................. (to go) to the café, I ................. milk. (not/to drink)
→If I went to the café, I would not drink milk.
1. If Oliver ............... (to find) money, he ............... (not/to keep) it.
2. If they ............... (not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it ............... (to be) too cold
during the night.
3. If Tony ............... (to know) her phone number, he ............... (not/to give) it to Frank.
4. If we ............... (not/to visit) this museum, you ............... (not/to write) a good report.
5. If it ............... (not/to be) so late, we ............... (to play) a game of chess.
6. If Jeff ...............(not/to like) Jessica, he ............... (not/to buy) her an ice-cream.
7. If I ............... (to be) you, I ............... (not/to go) to Eric's party.
8. If you ...............(to drop) this bottle, it ............... (not/to break).
3 THIRD CONDITIONAL (UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE IN THE PAST)

FORM

If + S1 + V(past perfect), S2 + would + have + V(past participle)

USES

• We use the third conditional to talk about something that might have happened if the
past had been different. This sometimes means criticizing people or pointing out their
mistakes.
Example: If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the last train.
• We can also use the third conditional to express regret about the past.
Example: If I hadn’t fallen ill and missed the interview, I would have got the job.

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses.
Use a comma where necessary.
Example: If we hadn’t taken a map, we would have gotten lost. (we get lost)
1. If it hadn’t rained............................................................... (we play tennis)
2. She would have forgiven you............................................. (you apologize immediately)
3. I wouldn’t have forgotten about the meeting...................... (you remind me)
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4. If I had broken the window..................................... (I pay for a new one)

5. You would have missed your flight......................... ( I not wake you up)
6. If he hadn’t made a reservation................................ (we not eat at that restaurant)
7. If the suit hadn’t been so expensive.......................... ( I buy it)
8. You wouldn’t have been able to move those boxes........................ (Tom not help you)

2 Complete the sentences with the third conditional

Example: If I had met him, I would have remembered. (meet, remember)
1. If Carol.................... for the job, she........................ it. (apply, get)
2. If they...................... for a raise, the boss................. them one. (not ask, not give)
3. I............................... shopping for you if I............... enough time. (go, have)
4. She......................... more races if she..................... training earlier. (win, start)
5. If you...................... about the chicken, you............. it. (not forget, not burn)
4
COMPARISON OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE I, II, III.

If- clause Main clause

verb condition modal/verb result
Type 1 present simple possible and likely will/can/must/shall + present or
(future) infinitive future
Type 2 past simple possible but unlikely/ would/could/should/mi- present or
impossible (future) ght + infinitive future
Type 3 past perfect Impossible (it’s in the Would/could/should/mi- past
past) ght + present perfect

FURTHER PRACTICE

1 Choose the correct answer

Example: If I had chosen the gray suit, I wouldn’t have had any money left.
1. He would have/ has complained if the food had been cold.
2. If I have/ had his phone number, I would give it to you.
3. Unless/ If she makes progress, she won’t pass the final test.
4. If the game had started/ started earlier, I would have bought
tickets for it.
5. You won’t be able to get into the office unless I will give/
give you a key.
6. If you rode/ have ridden a bicycle every day, you would be
as fit as me.
7. He would have/ would cut himself if he had fallen on the broken glass.
9. If you are rude to him, he wouldn’t/ won’t stay long.

2 Rewrite the following sentences

Example: It was sunny yesterday, so we went for a swim.
→ If it hadn’t been sunny yesterday, we wouldn’t have gone for a swim.

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1. I didn’t save money, so I didn’t go on vacation.

→ If I had saved enough money........................................................
2. He won’t help you if you don’t pay him.
→ He won’t help you unless..............................................................
3. I don’t eat a lot of junk food, so I am healthy.
→ If I ate a lot of junk food, I............................................................
4. She isn’t able to get a promotion because she doesn’t speak English.
→ She would be able to get a promotion if she...................................
5. I forgot to set my alarm clock, so I slept until 10 o’clock.
→ I wouldn’t have slept until 10 o’clock if..........................................

3 Put the verb in parentheses in the correct form.

1. If I was offered the job, I think I ......................... (take) it.
2. If she ......................... (be) hungry, she would eat something.
3. If he studied, he ......................... (pass) the exam.
4. I ......................... (send) you a postcard, if I had your address.
5. What ................. (happen), if you didn´t go to work tomorrow?
6. If she has enough money, she ................. (buy) a new car.
7. What will John do, if he ......................... (not get) the job?
8. She would be terribly upset, if I ......................... (lose) her ring.
9. Many people would be out of work, if the factory ................... (close) down.
10. What would you do, if you ..................... (be) the president of your country?
11. If he hurried, he ......................... (catch) the train.
12. If he ......................... (have) time, he will come.
13. If he ......................... (ring) the bell, the waiter would come.
14. If I have some money I ......................... (buy) a new car.
15. If I ........................... (work) harder I will pass the exam.

A. Living in the city

Combine words from the left and right to form common compound words and
1
phrases

1. rush a. building
2. traffic b. life
3. night c. rate
4. cost d. hour
5. crime e. park
6. shopping f. of living
7. high-rise g. congestion
8. car h. centre

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2 Complete the dialogues in a suitable way by using the words/ phrases below.

whatever cosmopolitan nightlife opportunities

cope cultural activities wide range commuters

A: The town is full of people from different countries and cultures

B: Yes, it’s very cosmopolitan.
A: There are cinemas, theatres, museums, art galleries and everything.
B: Yes, I know there are lots of ....................................2.
A: There’s a ....................................3 of shops.
B: Oh yes. You can buy ..................4 you want.
A: There’s plenty to do in the evening.
B: Yes, the ..................5 is great.
A: There’s a better chance of finding work.
B: Yes, there are more job .......................6.
A: The transport system has to ..................7 with the people
who live in the country but work in town.
B: Yes, I know, there are too many ..................8.

3 Complete this table of opposite

Towns and cities Villages in the countryside

noisy quiet and peaceful
clean air
safe
not much traffic
nothing to do in the evening

B. Life in the countryside

1 Fill the gaps with the correct adverb or preposition.

1. Have you ever lived ..................... the country?

2. I grew ..................... in a small village.
3. Have you ever worked ..................... a farm?
4. It’s wonderful to be surrounded .....................nature.
5. I love the pace ........................ life in a small village.
6. The best thing ........................ the countryside is that
people are very friendly.

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2 Complete this text with suitable words.

village field valley woods

gate footpath tractor

We opened this .........................1, said ‘hello’ to the man on the ........................2, and then
followed the ....................3 across the ......................4 and down into the .......................5. We
stopped and had a picnic by the river. Afterwards we walked up through the .........................6
and came to a .........................7 where we stopped and bought some bread.

3 Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

1. Another word for the ‘country’ is the ..................
2. Another word for ‘farming’ is ...................
3. Wheat, rice and potatoes are all examples of .................. that farmers grow.
4. The opposite of an ‘urban area’ is a .................. area.
5. A place smaller than a town is called a ...................
6. An area where trees grow, smaller than a forest, is called a ...................
7. A .................. is often quite small, and it’s the type of house you find in the country.
8. Buses and trains are examples of public ...................

4 Fill the gaps with a suitable word.

The best ..................1 about living in the country is that:
• There’s peace and ..................2
• You get ..................3 air
• You are ..................4 by nature
• The ..................5of life is slower and more relaxed
The ..................6 thing about living in the country is that:
• There are no cinemas and discos, so there isn’t much ..................7
• Everyone knows what you are doing, so there isn’t much ..................8

C. Towns

1 Problems in towns
Towns also have their own special problems. Here are some to be found in London now.
Traffic jams: every day, particularly in the rush-hour, the streets get so packed with traffic that
travel is very slow or even comes to a standstill. This is particularly stressful for commuters, people
who travel to work in the town.
Slums: certain parts of the city which are poor and in a very bad condition
Vandalism: pointless destruction of other people’s property
Overcrowding: too many people live in too small a place
Pollution: the air and the water are no longer as pure as they were
Crime: burglary, shoplifting, kidnapping, smuggling
Match the words in bold above with the correct pictures.

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 Unit 3: Living condition

a) b) c)

d) e) f)

2 Facilities
Towns can be convenient places to live in because they have many facilities. Check with a
teacher or a dictionary if you are not sire what anything means.
Sports: swimming pool/sports centre/golf course/tennis courts/football pitch/skating rink
Cultural: theatre/opera house /concert hall/radio station/art gallery
Educational: school/college/university/library/evening classes /museum
Catering and night-life: restaurant/café/nightclub/take-away/hotel/B and B (bed and break-
fast/youth hostel/dance-hall/disco
Transport: bus service/taxi rank/car hire agency/car park/ parking meters
Other: health centre/law courts/registry office/citizen’s advice bureau/job centre/police station
Town or City Hall/suburbs/housing estate/industrial estate/pedestrian precinct
a. Suggest three words which would collocate well with each of the nouns below, as in
the examples.

……………… ………………
1 ……………… museum 2 ……………… centre
……………… ………………
……………… ………………
3 ……………… college 4 ……………… court
……………… ………………
……night…... ………………
5 ……………… club 6 ……………… agency
……………… ………………

b. Here are some facilities which are often found in towns. Write the word which completes
the name of the place.
Example: railway station

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1. swimming 6. departure
2. art 7. law
3. opera 8. golf
4. radio 9. taxi
5. registry 10. skating

c. Name the odd one out in each set and explain why it is odd.
Example: bus stop, petrol station, taxi rank, railway station
→ Petrol station – you can catch public transport at each of the other places but at the petrol station you
buy petrol for your car
1. Youth hostel, B&B, police station, hotel
2. Disco, rush hour, traffic jam, commuting
3. Citizen’s advice bureau, job centre, department store, health centre
4. Catering, vandalism, crime, pollution
5. Housing estate, slums, parking meter, residential district
d. Match the place on the left with what happens there on the right.
Example: 1- h

1. adult education centre a. prescriptions are made up

2. bottle bank b. boats are tied up
3. chemist’s c. music is played to audiences
4. concert hall d. houses are bought and sold
5. estate agency e. local government meetings are held
6. harbour f . people live there rather than in the centre
7. job centre g. books are borrowed
8. library h. evening classes take place
9. suburbs i. cooked food is bought to eat at home
10. take-away j. people try to find work there
11. town hall k. glass is left for recycling

3 Adjectives for describing towns

Here are some useful adjectives for describing towns.

picturesque historic spacious elegant magnificent

quaint lively hectic bustling crowded
packed filthy run-down shabby atmospheric
deserted (e.g. at night)

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 Unit 3: Living condition

Choose a word in the box and put it in the right form to fit each gap. (Note that half
of the words need to be put into a different form.)

bustle cathedral fame harbor

industry large lie major
market picturesque populate

Aberdeen is a major city in the north-east of Scotland with a (1).................... of nearly

200,000. It is the (2).................... city in the Highlands. It (3).................... between the Rivers
Dee and Don and its impressive (4).................... has been used by fishing boats for centuries.
The fish (5).................... is still (6).................... early in the morning but Aberdeen is now more
(7)
.................... as the centre of the North Sea oil (8).................... . The old parts of the town
is (9).................... with its narrow streets leading to an ancient (10).................... and one of the
oldest universities in Britain.

D. Society and change

Check the meaning of the words in bold in your dictionary. Then listen to the extracts from
news items where these items are discussed. Match A and B, according to the recording.

A B
1. Health care is getting worse.
is getting better.
2. The number of people learning English is decreasing.
is increasing.
3. Roads are becoming more dangerous.
are becoming less dangerous.
4. The cost of travel is going up.
is going down.

5. Unemployment is falling.
is rising.

6. The quality of TV programmes is deteriorating.

is improving.
7. The economic situation is getting worse.
is getting better.

8. The number of people going abroad for is rising.

their holidays is falling.

9. The education system is deteriorating.

is rising.
10. The number of people who take regular is decreasing.
exercise is increasing.

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E. Feelings and opinions

1 Look at the adjectives in bold. Then choose the correct prepositions.

1. I’m terrified for/of flying.
2. I’m fascinated by/for other cultures.
3. I always get excited of/about travelling to new places.
4. I’m usually satisfied for/with the service I get on planes.
5. I’m shocked by/with how little some people know about my country.
6. I was quite disappointed in/of the last place I went to on holiday.
7. I was impressed of/by the facilities at the last hotel I stayed in.
8. I’m not aware to/of any dangers for travellers in my country.
9. My country is famous for/about its historical buildings.
10. I’m very fond of/with spicy food.
11. I’m not sure about/for the need for so many security checks at airports.
12. I’m sick of/at the weather we’ve been having recently.

2 Tick the sentences in 1) that are true for you.

A. Word stress

1 Complete the table. Use your mini-dictionary, if necessary.

Noun Verb Adjective

a. ................ to decrease ...............
b. ............... economic
c. education ............... ...............
d. ............... to improve ...............
e. ............... to increase ...............
f. unemployment ...............

2 Listen and check. Then mark the stressed syllables. Is the same syllable
stressed in each form of the word?

3 Practice saying the words, paying attention to the stressed syllable.

B. ’ll or ’d form

1 Listen to ten sentences and write the form you hear: ’ll (= will) or ’d (= would)

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2 Listen again and write down ten sentences.

3 Practice saying the sentences, paying attention to the form.

C. Rhyming sounds

1 Look at the words on the left, paying attention to the pronunciation of the letters
in bold. Which word in each group rhymes with the word?

a. bleak ache/take/week
b. blood food/mud/would
c. disease face/keys/kiss
d. elite sit/sweet/white
e. enough cough/laugh/stuff
f. forehead bed/need/made
g. heart earth/hurt/part
h. year bear/hear/wear

2 Listen and check. Then practice saying all the words, paying attention to the
sounds in bold.

READING 1
THE FARMING LIFE FOR ME

I n the September 2003

issue of your magazine,
you wrote that many farm
of city kids do. We usually
go home right after school to
work on the farm and help
kids wanted to leave the city. our parents. We have to milk
In fact, I want to explain the cows, feed all the ani-
exactly why I think it’s mals, drive the tractor in the
better to grow up on a farm fields, fix fences, help with
than to grow up in the city. watering the crops, or any
other kind of farm work. All ing the birth of an animal al-
these things keep us busy ways makes me feel warm
and out of trouble. and happy. At the same time,
I know why we raise these
S econd, farm kids under-
stand at an early age
what’s really important in
animals. They are going to
be hamburgers and fried
chicken. Like me, most farm
life. We help our parents kids are used to seeing life
when animals are born, and and death on the farm. That
F irst, farm kids are too
busy with farm work to
get into trouble with guns,
we take care of these ani-
mals until they die. I remem-
gives us an understanding of
human life and death that
ber getting to pull my first city kids don’t have.
drugs and alcohol like a lot lamb when I was six. Watch-
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I n addition, farm kids have

much better understand-
ing of nature than do many
kids. We know that crops
and animals are totally
these things because the
animals, the crops, and my
dependent on us. We know family depend on me. For
city kids. We work outside
all year. We almost always that they can die if we don’t all these reasons, I think that
get to watch the sunrise. We do our work. I learned at an it is better to grow up on a
understand how heat or farm than to grow up in the
wind or snow can change city. My own experience
our crops. We understand growing up on a family farm
how much water different in southern Colorado tells
crops need at different times
of year. We can put our me this. I know that growing
hands in the soil and know up on a farm made me the
how much water it needs. responsible, hardworking,
We know how to choose the and thoughtful young person
best trees in our woods to early age to feed and water my parents and community
cut down. Those are just a the animals on time, and to can be proud of.
few of the many outdoor
skills that farm kids learn water the crops regularly. Zachary Blaine, Colorado
young. Sometimes I’m tired or
sick, or it’s freezing cold or
F inally, farm kids have
a greater sense of
responsibility than most city
blowing snow. Even then,
I know that I have to do

1 Check () the sentence that best describes the main idea of the reading
a. Zarachy believes that growing up on a farm is great for children.
b. Zarachy explains why he thinks all children should grow up on farms.
c. Zarachy explains why he thinks it’s great to grow up on a farm instead of in the city.

2 Zarachy gives four main reasons to support his idea. Choose the sentences that
best express these four reasons. Label them 1-4 as they appear in the reading.
a. Farm children understand at an early age more about life and death than city kids.
b. Watching the births of animals is good for farm children.
c. Farm children understand soil better than city kids.
d. Farm children are too busy doing farm work to get into trouble.
e. Farm children learn to fix fences and drive tractors.
f. Farm children understand more about nature than city children.
g. Farm children have a greater sense of responsibility than city kids.
h. Farm children are used to being outside more than city children.

READING 2
TALES OF TWO CITIES
Most of us have just one home, one job, one lifestyle. But in the 21st century, cheap
travel and communication technology have made the world smaller and smaller, so
that they can work and live almost anywhere. More and more people have two places
they call “home”. Claire Turner and Joss Langford talk about their two different lives.

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Cambridge-Nuremburg
Joss Langford, 29, snowboard designer.
“In Germany, I feel European. In England, I feel English”, says Joss.
Every two weeks, Joss leaves his farmhouse home near Cambridge
for another farmhouse near Nuremberg. “Both places are really flat,”
says Joss.

I t’s a strange choice of landscape for a snowboard designer. “I design

in England, build in Germany, then drive to Switzerland to test the
boards.” The distance between my homes in England and Germany is
almost 1,000km door-to-door. He knows this because he sometimes
drives. It makes a nice change from flying. Joss flew 100 times last year. He doesn’t mind
all the air travel, but there are disadvantages. “It’s exhausting, and I’ve
always got a cold”, he says. “People think it’s glamorous, but I don’t
fly first class”.

I
n each country he has a social life and a local pub. Although Joss
speaks German, people in Nuremberg always want to practice their
English. In Cambridge, he lives with his partner, Kate. She travels a
lot in her job, too. “I call her before bedtime. Sometimes our planes
cross in the skies”.

I
n Nuremberg, he rents a room with his colleague. “There, I eat
more meat and drink more beer. I watch TV because I don’t have
one at home. I know all the German celebs! I’m not lonely. I have a second home, not a
hotel room. I have a German life in Germany, and an English life in England.”
Manchester- New York.
Claire Turner, 33, gallery owner.

C laire holds up her hands to show her nails. “Don’t they look
awful!” she cries. “I so miss New York manicures!” That’s not
all Claire misses about her other life in the USA. For two years she
has divided her life between her home town, Manchester, in the
north of England, and Brooklyn, New York. She has an art gallery-
and a home- in both places. She flies once a month, and spends
about a month at a time in each.
“I dress differently in New York: pearls, contact lenses, no jeans,
and I wear my hair up. Americans love the English accent, so I feel I should act the part.”
After work in New York, she may sip a glass of wine or fruit juice in a trendy bar, but after
work in Manchester she goes to the local pub for a pint of beer. Her two homes are similar,
though. “In Brooklyn, I share a rooftop flat with an artist. I can actually see the sky!” She
can see the same stars from her city- centre loft in Manchester.

C laire loves her transatlantic lifestyle. Her husband travels a lot in his job, too. They met
in Manchester and married in New York. “We’re not always in the same country, but
our lives are going in the same direction!”

1 Read the title and the introduction to the magazine article. Why is it easier for
people to have different lives these days?
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

2 Answer the following questions about Claire Turner and Joss Langford.

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Claire Turner Joss Langford

1. Which two countries does she/ he live and work in?

2. What does she/ he do?

3. What kind of house does she/ he have in each country?

4. How often does she/ he travel?

5. What kind of lifestyle does her/ his partner have?

6. How does she/ he live differently in each country?

7. Is there anything she/ he misses or doesn’t like?

8. What does she/ he say about language?

A. How socially reponsible are you?

According to a Reader’s Digest / Daily Mail

poll, 46% of Britons would hide income
in order to pay less tax, compared to 16% of
Europeans. 80% of Britons would return the
money if they were given too much change in
a shop or restaurant, and 76% would hand in a
wallet they found in the street. However, 60%
would steal office stationary, 66% would
travel by train without a ticket, and 36% would
park in a disabled parking space. Only 5%
would drink-drive.

Read the article above from a British magazine. Which results do you think
1
would be different in your country?

Work individually. Look at the questionanaire under the article. Which of these
2 and similar things would you do? Answer the questionnaire. Then compare your
answers in groups.

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 Unit 3: Living condition

How socially reponsible are you?

Would you …
yes no depends
a. hand in a wallet you found in the street?
b. tell a shop assistant if she charged you too little?
c. steal office or school stationary?
d. travel by train without a ticket?
e. drive above the speed limit?
f. keep a book borrowed from a library?
g. pretend to be sick to take a day off work or school?
h. avoid paying income tax?
i. park in a disabled parking space?
j. drop litter?

3 a. Listen to three people talking about the questionnaire. Which questions are
they discussing?

b. Listen again and complete gaps.

1. I.................... travel on a train without a ticket … I .................... bad about it at all.
2. I .................... break the speed limit in an area with lots of people around … If a child
.................... in front of my car and I .................... , I .................... forgive myself.
3. I .................... a lot of the things here apart from one thing. I .................... drop litter. I
.................... my rubbish in my bag and take it home if there .................... any litter
bins around.

B. Advantages of city life and country life

1 Look at these photos of city life. Describe each photo using the words in the
box or your own words.

construction inconvenient litter

noisy time-consuming traffic jam

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2 Kevin lives in the country. Jeffrey lives in the city. They are both talking about
the advantages of where they live. Take note on what they say.

Advantages of city life Advantages of country life

C. Coping with stress

Five people are talking about stressful situations they’ve had in their lives. Complete the chart.

Reasons for stress Solution

Jared
Maria
John
Emi
Doug

A. City profiles

San Francisco New York City

San Francisco New York City

Population 744.041 8,391,881
Cost of home $ 550,000 $ 820,000
Unemployment rate 3.3% 8.1%
Snowfall 0 centimeters per year 74 centimeters per year
Rainfall 53 centimeters per year 102 centimeters per year
Crimes committed per 100,000 people 7,595 5,212

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Which city would you recommend to someone who …?

is desperate to find a job likes winter sports
wants to buy a first home enjoys being around a lot of people
is concerned about crime hates wet weather
Example: If someone is desperate to find a job, I would recommend San Francisco.

B. Your country

Where would you tell people to live in your country if they wanted a city with these things?
good shopping clean air
interesting restaurants beautiful old buildings
a low crime rate the best university
easy access to wilderness good employment opportunities
lots of cultural events scenic nature
Example: If they want good shopping, they should live in …

You spent your vacation on your ant’s farm. Your friend visited a cousin in London. Read
the letter from your friend. He asks you some questions about your vacation.

Dear Isaac,
I had a great time on my vacation. I loved London. My cousin has a great
apartment. It’s small, but it’s on the thirteen floor, and it has great views.
From her windows I could see all the way to Big Ben and Parliament. I
kept thinking of you on your ant’s farm. (1) What kind of farm is it?
What does she grow? Does she have animals?
I saw five shows. I went to Westminster Abbey, London Bridge, and the
Tower of London. Most nights, I went out to dinner and then went to a
show or a movie or a concert. Or all three!
What’s about on the farm? (2) What interesting things did you do
or see?
I had a super vacation. I think I could really get used to life in a city like
London! I love shopping all day and going out every night! What about
you? (3) Could you get used to life on the farm?
I hope you had a great time. I’ll call you next week.

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Now reply to your friend. Answer his questions using suggested words in the box.

be used to it crops quit sunrise used to

birth fields raise use woods
courage proud of responsibility

Dear Rogelio,
Thanks for your letter. It sounds like London was fantastic.
It sounds so different from my vacation. I must say though,
I had a great time on Aunt Lisa’s farm.
(1) It’s a small farm, but...
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
......................................................
(2) I did some very exciting things. For instance, one
day
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.....................................................
(3) Yes, I certainly could get used to life on a farm. I
love..................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................

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WARMING UP

A. To which place the following things or people belong?

In the city In the countryside?

- Skyscraper - Milk cow
- Cinema - Rice field
- Night club - Farm house
- Office worker - Farmer

GRAMMAR
1. FIRST CONDITIONAL
1.
Example: If I stop eating sweets, I will lose weight. (I/lose weight)
1. If they move to the city, they will be much happier.
2. If I lend you my jacket, will you give it back tomorrow?
3. If she gets up early, she will make breakfast.
4. If you drink too much coffee, you won’t not be able to sleep well.
5. If the boss yells at her, she will get upset.
6. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t play tennis.
7. If you earn some extra money, will you take us out for dinner?
8. If we leave right now, we will catch the last train home.
2.
Example: If we win our next game, we will be in the finals. (win)
1. If he buys that watch, he won’t have any money left.
2. If you don’t take your medicine, you won’t get better.
3. They won’t go on vacation if she gets a new job.
4. If I have to wait much longer, I won’t be very happy.
5. Will you call her if I give you her number?
6. If he doesn’t enjoy comedies, he won’t like this movie.
7. If he eats that spicy food, he will need to drink lots of water.
8. If there is no gas in the car, it won’t start.
9. I’m sure he will help you if you ask nicely.
10. You will get wet if you go out in this weather.

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3.
1. If you dive into this river, you will hurt yourself.
2. If the sun shines, the children will play outside.
3. Richard will walk to school if he misses the bus.
4. Emily will buy the cola if you pack the picnic basket.
5. If I am in Venice, I will rent a boat.
6. Michael's teacher will phone his parents if he writes text messages during the lesson.
7. If she answers this question correctly, she will get an extra point.
8. My sister will be angry if I turn on the music too loud.
9. Your room will look much tidier if you keep your hamster in the cage.
10. If we surf the Internet, we will find a lot of information about Loch Ness.

4.
Example: Unless it escapes, the dog won’t bite anymore.
1. Unless you read the book first, you won’t really understand the movie.
2. Unless you take your dentist advice, you will have problems with your teeth.
3. Unless you bring some food, there won’t be enough for everyone at the picnic.
4. Unless he does his best, he won’t succeed.
5. Unless you read the instruction, you won’t know how to operate the equipment.
6. Unless she accepts this offer, she won’t get another one.
7. Unless he gets enough sleep tonight, he will feel very tired tomorrow.
8. Unless you call him immediately, you won’t be able to speak to him today.

2. SECOND CONDITIONAL

1.
1. had/ would stay 2. were/ would ask
3. would improve/ trained 4. drove/ would cost
5. wouldn’t feel/ wore 6. grew/ would save
7. got up/ would be able to

2.
1. If Oliver found money, he would not keep it.
2. If they did not wear pullovers in the mountains, it would be too cold during the night.
3. If Tony knew her phone number, he would not give it to Frank.
4. If we did not visit this museum, you would not write a good report.
5. If it was not so late, we would play a game of chess.
6. If Jeff did not like Jessica, he would not buy her an ice-cream.
7. If I were you, I would not go to Eric's party.
8. If you dropped this bottle, it would not break.
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3. THIRD CONDITIONAL

1.
1. If it hadn’t rained we would have played tennis.
2. She would have forgiven you if you had apologized immediately.
3. I wouldn’t have forgotten about the meeting if you had reminded me.
4. If I had broken the window I would have paid for a new one.
5. You would have missed your flight if I hadn’t waken you up.
6. If he hadn’t made a reservation we wouldn’t have eaten at that restaurant.
7. If the suit hadn’t been so expensive I would have bought it.
8. You wouldn’t have been able to move those boxes if Tom hadn’t helped you.
2.
1. had applied/ would have got 2. hadn’t asked/ wouldn’t have given
3. would have gone/ had 4. would have won/ had started
5. hadn’t forgotten/ wouldn’t have burned

FURTHER PRACTICE

1.
1. would have. 2. had 3. Unless 4. had started
5. give. 6. rode 7. would have 9. won’t
2.
1. If I had saved enough money I would have gone on vacation
2. He won’t help you unless you pay him
3. If I ate a lot of junk food, I wouldn’t be healthy.
4. She would be able to get a promotion if she spoke English.
5 I wouldn’t have slept until 10 o’clock if I hadn’t forgotten to set my alarm clock

3.
1. would take 2. was 3. would pass 4. would send
5. would happen 6. will buy 7. doesn’t get 8. lost
9. closed 10. were 11. would catch 12. has
13. rang 14. will buy 15. work

VOCABULARY
A.
1.

2g 3b 4f 5c
6h 7a 8e

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Unit 3:
3: Living
Living condition
condi-

2.
2. cultural activities 3. wide range 4 whatever 5 nightlife
6 opportunities 7 cope 8 commuters

3.
Towns and cities Villages in the countryside
noisy quiet and peaceful
Dirty/polluted clean air
Dangerous safe
Traffic congestion/ congested not much traffic
Lots to do/good nightlife nothing to do in the evening
B.
1.
1. in 2. up 3. on 4.by
5. of 6. about

2.
1. gate 2. tractor 3. footpath 4. field
5. valley 6. woods 7. village
3.
1. countryside 2. agriculture 3. crops 4. rural
5. village 6. wood 7. cottage 8. transport

4.

1. thing 2. quietness 3. fresh 4. surrounded

5. pace 6. worst 7. nightlife 8. privacy

C.
1.
a. overcrowding b. pollution c. crime
d. slums e. traffic jam f. vandalism

2.
a.
natural history leisure
1 science museum 2 shopping centre
folk city
art basket ball
3 music college 4 squash court
community royal
night employment
5 tennis club 6 accommodation agency
social press

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b.
1. swimming pool 2. art gallery 3. opera house
4. radio station 5. registry office 6. departure store
7. law court 8. golf course 9. taxi rank
10. skating rink

c.
1. police station 2. disco 3. department store
4. catering 5. parking meter

d.
2.k 3.a 4.c
5.d 6.b 7.j
8.g 9f 10.i 11.e

3.
1. population 2. largest 3. lies 4. harbour
5. market 6. bustling 7. famous 8. industry
9. picturesque 10. cathedral

D.
1. Is getting better 6. is deteriorating
2. is increasing 7. is getting better
3. are becoming less dangerous 8. is rising
4. is going up 9. is deteriorating
5. is falling 10. is decreasing

E.
1. of 2. by 3. about 4. with 5. by 6. in
7. by 8. of 9. for 10. of 11. about 12. of

PRONUNCIATION

A.
Noun Verb Adjective
a decrease to decrease decreasing
b economy - economic
c education to educate educated /educational
d improvement to improve improving
e increase to increase increasing
f unemployment - unemployed

B.
1. I’ll do something really special. 2. I’d move to a big house by the sea.
3. I’ll probably buy a pair of jeans. 4. I’d go to live in California.
5. I’ll probably stay at home. 6. I’ll be famous one day.
7. I’d buy some new trainers. 8. I’ll go on holiday with my parents.
9. I’d give up work. 10. I’d be a famous rock star.

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C.
a. week b. mud c. keys d. sweet
e. stuff f. bed g. part h. hear

READING
Reading 1
A.
c
B.
d a f g
Reading 2
A.
Because cheap travel and communication technology have made the world smaller and smaller,
so that they can work and live almost anywhere
B.

Claire Turner Joss Langford

1. Which two countries does Machester and Brooklyn, Cambridge and Nuremburg
she/ he live and work in? New York
2. What does she/ he do? She’s a gallery owner He’s a snowboard designer
3. What kind of house She has a rooftop flat in He has a farmhouse in both
does she/ he have in each New York and a city- centre countries
country? loft in Manchester
4. How often does she/ he She flies once a month, and Every two weeks. Sometimes he
travel? spends a month in each drives but he usually flies
place
5. What kind of lifestyle He travels a lot in his job, She travels a lot, too.
does her/his partner have? too
6. How does she/ he live She dresses differently in New In Cambridge, he lives with his
differently in each coun- York- and wears her hair up. partner. In Nuremberg, he lives
try? She also acts more “English”. with his colleague. In Nurem-
In New York she goes to berg, he eats more meat, drinks
trendy bars. In Manchester, more beer, and watches TV.
she goes to local pubs

7. Is there anything she/ he She misses New York mani- He doesn’t like flying- it’s
misses or doesn’t like? cures exhausting and he always got a
cold.

8. What does she/ he say Americans love the English Germans always want to prac-
about language? accent tice their English with him

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LISTENING
A.
3a
1. would you travel by train without a ticket?
2. would you drive above the speed limit?
3. would you drop litter?
3b.
1. Would definitely ; wouldn’t feel
2. ’d never ; stepped ; was speeding, would never
3. have to admit that I would do; would never; ’d put; weren’t

B.

Advantages of city life Advantages of country life

Interesting, good jobs Quieter

Museums Air is better
Movies Life is more relaxed
Concerts Not crowded with tourists
Theaters Gorgeous
Fun

C.

Reasons for stress Solution

Jared Hard to make friends at Joined drama club

college
Maria Preparing for entrance Got organized and started
exam to medical school study group with friends
John Working long hours, no re- Started ballroom dancing
laxation lessons
Emi Very boring job Quit and started work in
flower shop
Doug Drove to and from work Started taking the train
during rush hour

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English words Pronunciation Part of speech Vietnamese equivalents

A
A day off n Ngày nghỉ
Art gallery n Phòng trưng bày nghệ thuật
Atmospheric /ˌæt.məsˈfer.ɪk/ adj Thuộc về không khí
Aware /əˈweər / adj Hiểu biết

B
Bottle bank n Thùng chứa những vỏ chai
Bustling /ˈbʌs.lɪŋ/ adj Vội vàng, hối hả

C
Car hire agency n Trung tâm cho thuê xe ô tô
Citizen’s advice bureau n Phòng cố vấn công dân
Commuter /kə’mju:tə(r)/ n Người đi lại thường xuyên
bằng xe buýt, xe lửa hoặc
ôtô giữa nơi làm việc và
nhà ở
Concert hall n Phòng hòa nhạc
Condition /kən’dɪʃn/ n Điều kiện
Congestion /kən’dʒestʃən/ n Sự tắc nghẽn (đường xá)
Cope with v Giải quyết
Cosmopolitan /,kɒzmə’pɒlɪtən/ adj Thuộc về quốc tế
Crime /kraɪm/ n Tội phạm
Cultural activities n Các hoạt động văn hóa

D
Decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ v Giảm
Deserted /dɪˈzɜːtɪd/ adj Vắng vẻ, hiu quạnh

Desperate /ˈdes.pər.ət/ adj Tuyệt vọng

Deteriorate /dɪˈtɪə.ri.ə.reɪt/ v Làm giảm giá trị
Disabled parking space n Nơi đỗ xe cho người
khuyết tật
Disappointed /ˌdɪs.əˈpɔɪn.tɪd/ adj Thất vọng
Drop /drɒp/ v Rơi, thả

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Economic /iː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk/ adj Thuộc về kinh tế

Economy /ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/ n Tiết kiệm
Elegant /‘elɪɡənt/ adj Thanh lịch, tao nhã
Excited /ɪkˈsaɪ.tɪd/ adj Thú vị

Fall /fɔːl/ v Giảm giá

Fascinated /ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd/ adj Mê hoặc, quyến rũ
Field /fi:ld/ n Đồng ruộng, cánh đồng,
khu khai thác
Filthy /ˈfɪl.θi/ adj Bẩn thỉu
Fond /fɒnd/ adj Thích
Footpath /‘fʊtpɑːθ/ n Vỉa hè, đường nhỏ

Golf course n Bãi chơi gôn

Harbor /ˈhɑː.bər/ n Bỏ neo ở cảng, đậu ở cảng

Health care n Chăm sóc sức khỏe
Hectic /‘hektɪk/ adj Cuồng nhiệt, sôi nổi
High-rise adj Cao tầng
Historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj Nổi tiếng hoặc quan trọng
trong lịch sử

Hostel /‘hɒstl/ n Ký túc xá, nhà tập thể

Housing estate n Khu vực quy hoạch làm
khu dân cư

I
Impressed /ɪmˈpres/ adj Ấn tượng
Income tax n Thuế thu nhập
Increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v Tăng
Industrial estate n Khu vực quy hoạch làm
khu công nghiệp
Law court n Tòa án

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L
Litter /ˈlɪt.ər/ n Rác

Magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ adj Hoa lệ, tráng lệ, nguy nga

Museum /mju’zi:əm/ n Viện bảo tàng

Nightlife /‘naɪtlaɪf/ n Cuộc sống về đêm

Overcrowded /,əʊvə’kraʊdɪd/ adj Chật ních, đông nghịt

Packed /pækt/ adj Đông đúc, chật chội

Parking meter n Máy thu tiền tự động
Peaceful /‘pi:sfl/ adj Hòa bình, yên tĩnh,
thanh thản
Pedestrian precinct n khu vực đi bộ
Picturesque /,pɪktʃə’resk/ adj (phong cảnh) nên thơ

Pitch /pɪtʃ/ n Sân bóng đá

Polluted /pə’lu:tɪd/ adj Bị ô nhiễm
Pollution /pə’lu:ʃn/ n Sự ô nhiễm
Populate /ˈpɒp.jʊ.leɪt/ v Định cư
Population /ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ n Dân số
Prescription /prɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n Đơn thuốc

Quaint /kweɪnt/ adj Lôi cuốn

Rate /reɪt/ n Tỷ lệ
Recycle /,ri:’saɪkl/ v Tái sinh, tái chế, phục hồi
Registry office n Phòng hộ tịch (nơi làm hồ
sơ khai sinh, kết hôn.)
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Residential /,rezɪˈdenʃl/ adj Nhà ở, nhà riêng

Responsible /rɪˈspɒnt .sɪ.bl ̩/ adj Chịu trách nhiệm
Rise /raɪz/ v Tăng giá
Run-down adj Kiệt sức, ngừng hoạt động
Rush hour n Giờ cao điểm

S
Satisfied /ˈsæt.ɪs.faɪd/ adj Thỏa mãn
Shabby /ˈʃæb.i/ adj Tồi tàn, tiều tụy
Shocked /ʃɒk/ adj Sốc, ngạc nhiên
Sick /sɪk/ adj Chán ghét, chán ngấy
Skating rink n Sân băng, sân patanh
Slum /slʌm/ n Khu nhà ổ chuột
Spacious /‘speɪʃəs/ adj Rộng rãi, nhiều chỗ
Speed limit n Tốc độ giới hạn
Suburb /‘sʌbɜːb/ n Ngoại ô

Take-away n,v Mua về, mang về

Taxi rank n Bãi xe tắc xi
Tennis court n Sân chơi tennis
Terrified //ˈter.ə.faɪd/ adj Khiếp sợ
Time-consuming adj Tiêu tốn thời gian
Tractor /‘træktə(r)/ n Máy kéo, máy bay cánh
quạt kéo

U
Unemployment /ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ n Thất nghiệp
Valley /‘væli/ n Thung lũng, châu thổ,
lưu vực
Vandalism /‘vændəlɪzəm/ n Hành động phá hoại,
cố ý làm hư hỏng
Wide range n Đa dạng/ đủ loại

90 ENG103_Bai 3_v2.0013106214